Curved solar roof

The subject of the invention is a curved solar roof, applicable especially in electric vehicle charging stations.

The state of the art includes building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solutions for roofing that are directly integrated with buildings. These solutions utilize photovoltaic panels as a replacement for traditional roofing materials. In particular, the design of solar shelters with flat roofs filled with rectangular PV panels is well-known.

The Polish invention description P.427279 describes a photovoltaic shelter with a sloping roof structure and photovoltaic modules mounted on the roof frame.

The Polish utility model description PL 70699 Y1 describes an intelligent photovoltaic shelter built of modules based on wooden frame structures.

Polish patent application P.441449 describes a car parking shelter with a saddle-shaped roof supported by flat panels. The shelter is characterized by a roof formed by two groups of sections, with the arc tips of one group facing upwards and the arc tips of the other group facing downwards. Furthermore, each section is arranged along a broken curve with equal segments arranged along the arc. Each panel is placed on two adjacent section segments. Each section is characterized by having two load-bearing surfaces on its upper wall.

From the Polish application description P.443762 there is known a solar roof in the shape of a hyperbolic paraboloid, in which each of the rafters has the shape of a parabolic arch, and in addition they are located in vertical planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the planes of the girts location, and between each pair of adjacent rafters there are intermediate purlins connected to them, spaced at equal intervals, and each of the intermediate purlins from the top, on the side of one of its longer edges it has a first supporting plane and on the side of its other longer edge it has a second supporting plane. Each beam comprises, on the upper surface of each of its segments, at least one beam purlin, situated along the given segment, which has a beam bearing plane at the top, and each of the bearing planes of a given intermediate purlin is inclined in relation to the remaining bearing planes of that intermediate purlin, and at the same time is coplanar with the nearest bearing plane situated opposite the adjacent intermediate purlin or beam purlin. On each pair of adjacent coplanar supporting planes, a flat quadrangular photovoltaic panel is placed and connected to them.

The solutions known from the state of the art do not allow for obtaining a saddle-shaped roof covering using glass panels with standard quadrangular shapes, while ensuring simple installation taking into account the need to distribute the photovoltaic installation cables.

A solar curvilinear roof, comprising posts to which a roof structure is connected at the top, comprising two curvilinear girders, each of which is shaped along a symmetrical arc, wherein the girders are situated opposite each other in vertical planes parallel to each other and have the tops of their arcs facing the same direction, and in addition, rafters are attached to the girders at their ends, each of which is shaped like a broken curve, shaped along a symmetrical arc, with equal sections defining rectilinear rafter segments, wherein the rafter arches are directed in the opposite direction to the beam arches, and moreover they are situated in vertical planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the planes of the beams location, and between each pair of adjacent rafters there are bracing purlins connected to them, spaced at equal intervals, and quadrangular photovoltaic panels are connected to the rafter segments, according to the invention it is characterized in that each rafter segment of the extreme rafters, each of which is connected at its ends to the ends of the beams, contains one channel section, and between the shelves of this channel section there is a channel which is closed with a cover in the form of a strip connected on the side of its longer edges to the shelves of this channel section, and furthermore this channel section is located with one of its shelves from the top, and the upper surface of this upper flange constitutes a supporting plane of the rafter segment of this rafter, and the remaining rafters have rafter segments, each of which comprises two C-sections located one of their flanges from the top, and the upper surface of the upper flange of one of these C-sections constitutes the first supporting plane, and the upper surface of the upper flange of the other of these C-sections constitutes the second supporting plane of this rafter segment, and between the shelves of each of the C-sections of the rafter segments there is a cable channel closed with a cover in the form of a strip connected on the side of each of its long edges to one of the shelves of the C-section, and the closest supporting planes of the rafter segments located opposite each other are coplanar, while the first supporting plane and the second supporting plane within a given rafter segment are inclined towards each other.

Preferably, the connection of the cover with the C-sections of the rafter segments is detachable.

Further advantages are obtained if there are four columns, each of which is connected to one of the ends of the beams.

Further benefits are obtained if the roof contains two pillars, each of which is two-armed, branched from the top, and the arms of each of these pillars are connected from the top to one of the transoms.

The solar roofing system, designed according to the invention, allows for the distribution of photovoltaic system cables within its structural elements, thus reducing the need for additional protective and cable management elements. The use of cable channels does not require additional installation steps, and the channels themselves allow easy access to the cables, in the variant with a removable cover. The roofing can be used as a module of a complex roof.

The curved solar roofing according to the invention has been explained in more detail in the embodiment shown in the drawing, in which fig. 1 - the roofing is shown in an isometric view in the first embodiment, with partially mounted photovoltaic panels, fig. 2 - in the second embodiment, without mounted photovoltaic panels, fig. 3 - in the third embodiment, without mounted photovoltaic panels, fig. 4 - rafter in cross-section, in the first embodiment, Fig. 5 - extreme rafter in cross-section, in the first embodiment, Fig. 6 - rafter in cross-section, in the second embodiment, Fig. 7 - detail A from Fig. 2 enlarged.

The first embodiment of the curved solar roofing system according to the invention comprises a roof structure comprising two groups of sections, the first of which comprises two oppositely positioned curved girders 1, each in the form of a section shaped along a symmetrical arc. Furthermore, the girders 1 are positioned opposite each other in parallel vertical planes and have their arc apices facing downwards. The second group of sections includes rafters 2 attached at their ends to girts 1. Each rafter 2 has the shape of a broken curve formed from equal sections constituting rectilinear rafter segments 2a. Furthermore, rafters 2 are located in vertical planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the planes of the girts 1, and their arc is directed upwards. Girts 1 are made of sections with closed cross-sections. The arms of the arches shaping the rafters 2 are oriented oppositely to the arms of the arches shaping the broken beams 1. Between each pair of adjacent rafters 2 there are connected bracing purlins 3 spaced at equal intervals. Each rafter segment 2a of the extreme rafters 2, each of which is connected at its ends to the ends of the beams 1, comprises one C-section, and between the shelves of this C-section there is a channel 6, which is closed with a cover 5 in the form of a strip connected, on the side of its longer edges, to the shelves of this C-section. Furthermore, this C-section is located with one of its shelves from the top, and the upper surface of its upper shelf constitutes the supporting surface 4 of the rafter segment 2a of this rafter 2. The remaining rafters 2, which are located between the outer rafters 2, have rafter segments 2a, each of which comprises two C-sections located with one of their shelves from the top, and the upper surface of the upper shelf of one of these C-sections constitutes the first supporting plane 4a, while the upper surface of the upper shelf of the other of these C-sections constitutes the second supporting plane 4b of this rafter segment 2a, and between the shelves of each of the C-sections of the rafter segments 2a there is a channel 6 for the cable 7 of the PV installation, closed with a cover 5 in the form of a strip connected on each of its long edges to one of the shelves of the C-section. The closest supporting planes 4, 4a and 4b of the rafter segments 2a located opposite each other are coplanar, while the first supporting plane 4a and the second supporting plane 4b within a given rafter segment 2a are inclined towards each other. Two flat, quadrangular, transparent photovoltaic panels 8 are attached to each rafter segment 2a, one of which is connected to the first supporting plane 4a and the other to the second supporting plane 4b, so that each of the photovoltaic panels 8 is arranged on a pair of coplanar supporting planes 4, 4a, 4b located on opposite rafter segments 2a. Adjacent photovoltaic panels 8 are separated from each other by double-sided adhesive butyl tape 9. Above the tape 9, there is a silicone layer 10 between adjacent photovoltaic panels 8. Photovoltaic panels 8 are attached to rafter segments 2a with screws 11. The supporting surfaces 4a and 4b of rafter segments 2a are covered with thin sheet metal 12. Gaskets 13 are provided between the photovoltaic panel 8 and the thin sheet metal 12 located on the supporting surfaces 4a and 4b of the given rafter segment 2a, as well as in the mounting holes in the photovoltaic panels 8. The bracing purlins 3 are welded at their ends to the rafters 2 with a fillet weld. The roof comprises four posts 14, each of which is connected at the top to one end of one of the girts 1. The cover 5 is connected to the sections of a given bracing purlin 3 detachably by means of screws 15. The C-sections of a given rafter segment 2a are welded to the adjacent rafter segments 2a of the same rafter 2, wherein between two adjacent rafter segments 2a there is a connecting plate 16 and the adjacent C-sections of a given rafter segment 2a are butt-welded to this connecting plate 16, one on one side and the other on the other side of this connecting plate 16.

The second embodiment of the curved solar roofing system according to the invention has beams 1 with their apices facing upwards, and rafters 2 with their arc apices facing downwards. The remaining design is the same as in the first embodiment.

The solar curvilinear planting according to the invention in the third embodiment has two posts 14, each of which is two-armed, branched from the top, and the posts of each of these posts are connected from the top to one of the beams 1. In the remaining scope, the design is the same as in the second embodiment.