Process for binding fiberglass and fiberglass product

[0001] The subject of the invention relates to a method of binding fiberglass. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of using an improved curable composition comprising a specific amine addition product, an amino-amide intermediate reagent and a thickener.

[0002] Fiberglass binders have numerous applications ranging from stiffening applications, where the binder is applied to fabric or nonwoven fiberglass sheet articles and hardened, which leads to a stiffer product; thermoforming applications, in which the binding resin is applied to a sheet or high fiber product, after which it is dried and optionally carried out in stage B to form an intermediate, but a curable product; and for fully cured systems such as building insulation.

[0003] Fiberglass binders used in the present sense should not be confused with matrix resins which are a completely different and non-analogous technical field. Although sometimes referred to as "binders," matrix resins work to fill the entire interstitial space between the fibers, leading to a dense, fiber-reinforced product where the matrix must transfer the fiber strength properties to the composite, while "binding resins" as used herein they do not completely fill the space, but rather only coat the fibers, and especially the intersection of the fibers. Fiberglass binders also cannot be compared with "paperboard or wood product" binders, where the adhesive properties are adapted to the chemical nature of cellulosic substrates. Many such resins are not suitable for use as fiberglass binders. A specialist in the field of fiberglass binders would not look at cellulose binders to solve any of the known problems associated with fiberglass binders.

[0004] Binders useful in fiberglass products generally require low viscosity in the unhardened state, however they have the characteristics that they form a rigid thermosetting polymeric binder for glass fibers after curing. The low viscosity of the binder in the unhardened state is required for proper sealing of the mat. Sticky binders also tend to be sticky or sticky, therefore this leads to the accumulation of fibers on the walls of the forming chamber. Such accumulated fiber may later fall onto the mat, resulting in concentrated areas and problems with the product.

[0005] Among numerous thermosetting polymers, there are numerous candidates for suitable thermosetting glass fiber binding resins. However, glass fiber coated products often have the nature of a commodity, and thus cost is the driving factor, generally excluding resins such as thermoset polyurethanes, epoxides and others. Due to their excellent cost / performance ratio, the resins of choice in the past were phenol-formaldehyde resins. Phenol-formaldehyde resins can be made cheaply, and can be filled with urea before being used as a binder in many applications. Such urea-filled phenol-formaldehyde binders have been, for example, a support for the glass fiber industry for years.

[0006] However, in the last few decades, the minimization of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and hazardous air pollutants (HAP) emissions both on the side of industry seeking to achieve

EP2464773 a cleaner environment, as well as through federal regulations, has led to extensive research not only on reducing emissions of current formaldehyde-based binders, but also on candidates for substitute binders. For example, subtle changes in the phenol to formaldehyde ratio in the preparation of basic resol-type phenol-formaldehyde resins, changes in catalysts, and the addition of various and many formaldehyde-binding agents have led to a significant improvement in emissions from phenol-formaldehyde binders compared to previously used agents binding. However, with increasingly stringent federal regulations, more and more attention is being paid to alternative binding systems that are free of formaldehyde.

[0007] One such candidate for the binder system uses acrylic acid polymers as the first component, and a polyol such as triethanolamine, glycerin, or slightly alkoxylated glycerin as the curing or "crosslinking" component. The preparation and properties of such poly (acrylic acid) based binders, including information regarding VOC emissions, and a comparison of the properties of the binding agent relative to urea-formaldehyde binding agents is provided in "Formaldehyde-Free Crosslinking Binders For Non-Wovens," Charles T . Arkins et al., TAPPI Journal, vol. 78, No. 11, pages 161168, November 1995. The binders disclosed in Arkins's article appear to be susceptible to stage B, as well as enabling physical properties similar to those of urea / formaldehyde resins.

[0008] US Patent No. 5,340,868 discloses fiberglass insulation products cured by the combination of a polycarboxylic polymer, α-hydroxyalkylamide and at least one trifunctional monomeric carboxylic acid such as citric acid. The specific polycarboxylic polymers disclosed are poly (acrylic acid) polymers. See also, US Patent No. 5,143,582.

[0009] US Patent No. 5,318,990 discloses a glass fiber binder that includes a polycarboxylic polymer, monomeric trihydric alcohol and a catalyst comprising an alkali metal salt containing an organic phosphorus acid.

[0010] US 2007/0142596 discloses binders composed of a mixture of Maillard reagents. Reagents include monosaccharide and polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt.

[0011] Published European patent application EP 0 583 086 A1 appears to provide details of poly (acrylic acid) binding agents whose cure is catalyzed by a phosphorus-containing catalyst system, as discussed in an earlier cited Arkins article. Higher molecular weight poly (acrylic acids) are claimed to provide polymers with more complete curing. See also US Patent Nos. 5,661,213; 5,427,587; 6,136,916; and 6,221,973.

[0012] Certain polycarboxylic polymers have been found to be useful in the production of fiberglass insulation products. The problems of glass fibers sticking or sticking to the inside of the forming chambers during processing, as well as providing the final product exhibiting the elastic recovery and rigidity necessary to obtain a commercially acceptable fiberglass insulation product, have been overcome. See, for example, US Patent No. 6,331,350. Thermosetting acrylic resins have, however, been found to be more hydrophilic than traditional phenolic binders. This hydrophilicity can lead to fiberglass insulation, which is more susceptible to absorbing liquid water, which can therefore compromise product integrity. Also, the thermosetting acrylic resins currently used as fiberglass binders have not been shown to react so effectively with silane coupling agents of the type traditionally used in industry, which increases the cost of the product. The addition of silicone as a hydrophobizing agent leads to

EP2464773 problems when combustion based removal devices are used as well as the additional cost. Also, the presence of silicone in the manufacturing process may interfere with the adhesion of certain facing surfaces to the finished fiberglass material. Overcoming these problems will help make better use of polycarboxylic polymers in glass fiber binders.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0013] A method of binding glass fiber is provided as defined in claim 1. An aldehyde or ketone, preferably a reducing sugar, is added to the aminoamide intermediate with a thickener to form a curable binder composition. This cured composition is capable of forming a water-insoluble polymer composition that exhibits good adhesion to glass.

[0014] The method of binding glass fiber comprises applying to the glass fiber a coating composition comprising a thickener, an amine addition product as defined in claim 1 and a saturated or unsaturated reagent in the form of an amino-amide intermediate to which an aldehyde or ketone is added. The composition is then cured when present as a coating on the glass fiber to form a water-insoluble polymer composition having good adhesion to the glass fiber.

[0015] In one embodiment of the invention, the amino-amide intermediate is first heated to form the oligomer. An aldehyde or ketone is added to the oligomer. This composition is added to the glass fiber as a binder and cured.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fiberglass product is a fiberglass mat as a facing. In other embodiments of the invention, the fiberglass product is a ground based on ground glass fiber useful in forming a printed circuit board, battery separator, filter material, or reinforcing cloth.

[0017] In another aspect of the invention there is provided a new method using a glass fiber binder that provides favorable flow properties, the ability to reduce binder consumption, the ability to reduce overall energy consumption, elimination of silicone damage to the method, and improved overall economy.

[0018] In yet another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method using a fiberglass binder with improved economics, although also having improved physical properties. In addition, in the present invention the reproducible portion of the binder is increased and the resin's dependence on fossil sources is reduced.

[0019] These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the following description and the claims appended thereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0020] The new glass fiber binding method uses a binder composition which is a curable composition comprising a thickener, an amine reaction product as defined in claim 1 and a saturated or unsaturated reagent to form an amino-amide intermediate.

[0021] According to the invention, amine reagents are selected that are capable of undergoing conjugation to form the desired amino-amide that forms the water-insoluble polyimide upon cure. The amine is a di or polyfunctional primary or secondary amine. Preferably, the amine is a diamine having at least one primary amine group.

[0022] Preferable examples of the amines include, but are not limited to, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic amines

EP2464773 and aromatic. Amines can be linear or branched. Amine functionalities are di- or polyfunctional primary or secondary amines. Amines may include other functionalities and bonds such as alcohols, thiols, esters, amides, acids, ethers and others.

[0023] Preferred amines that are suitable for use in this embodiment of the invention include 1,2-diethylamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, α, α'diaminoxylene , diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, and mixtures thereof. Preferred diamines for use in this embodiment of the invention are 1,4-butanediamine and 1,6-hexanediamine. Natural and synthetic amino acids such as lysine, arginine, histidine, etc. can also be used.

[0024] The curable amino-amide is formed by the selection of an unsaturated or saturated reagent which is an anhydride, carboxylic acid, ester and salts and mixtures of such reagents. Preferred unsaturated reagents are maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, maleic and di-esters of maleic acid and fumaric acid, and salts and mixtures thereof. Conveniently, the ammonium salts of unsaturated acids or their monoesters can be used. The preferred unsaturated reagent is maleic anhydride. Preferred saturated reagents include, but are not limited to, succinic anhydride, succinic acid, succinic acid mono and diesters, glutaric acid and anhydride, phthalic acid and anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid and anhydride, acid anhydrides mono and diesters, and acid salts, and their monoesters. The preferred saturated reagent is phthalic anhydride or tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.

[0025] Amino-amide addition products can be easily prepared by mixing the ingredients in an aqueous medium at room temperature. The resulting addition products are water-soluble, disperse in water, or occur as an emulsion. Carbonyl-function substances, especially aldehyde or ketone, can be added to the amino-amide solution. Aldehydes are more beneficial than ketones due to their higher reactivity. The composition includes amino-amide and aldehyde and / or ketone. Part of the reaction occurs in the composition between the components. However, the reaction ends during the curing step, and then the crosslinking reaction for the curing occurs.

[0026] Preferable examples of suitable aldehydes include, but are not limited to, mono- and polyfunctional aldehydes, including acetaldehyde, hydroxyacetic aldehyde, butyraldehyde, acrolein, furfural, glyoxal, glyceryl aldehyde, glutaraldehyde, polifurfural, polyacrolein, acrolein copolymers, and other. Reducing mono, di- and polysaccharides such as glucose, cellobiose, maltose, etc. can be used, with reducing monosaccharides such as glucose being preferred. Particularly preferred are non-cyclic monosaccharides having a ketone and / or aldehyde functional group and hydroxyl groups on most or all of the non-carbonyl carbon atoms. The most preferred monosaccharides are triose (3 carbon atoms), tetrose (4 carbon atoms), pentose (5 carbon atoms), hexose (6 carbon atoms) and heptose (7 carbon atoms), in particular glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose) , galactose, xylose and ribose. The term "monosaccharide" also includes the aldose or ketose of said monosaccharides. The molar ratio of salt to carbonyl (saccharide) may vary, but is generally in the range of 1:50 to 50: 1. A ratio of 1:20 to 20: 1 is more preferred, and a ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1 is most preferred.

[0027] Preferable examples of ketones include, but are not limited to, acetone, acetylacetone, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, benzyl, benzoin, fructose, etc.

[0028] Aldehydes and ketones react with an amino-amide intermediate that contains the function of amic acid, i.e., an amide bond in the vicinity of the carboxylic acid. The function of amamic acid is more reactive than simple carboxylic acid. The amount of aldehyde and / or ketone added is generally such that the molar ratio of the carboxylic acid in the aminoamide to carbonyl or ketone is from 1: 5 to

EP2464773

50: 1. A ratio of 1:20 to 20: 1 is more preferred, with a ratio of 1:10 to 10: 1 is most preferred.

[0029] One of the advantages is that the presence of all functional groups, i.e., amine, amide and carboxylic acid, on the same molecule eliminates the potential need for the addition of external crosslinkers or binders such as polycarboxylic acids and / or polyvinyl alcohol ). Such crosslinkers may, however, be added if desired.

[0030] In an embodiment of the invention, the amino-amide may first be oligomerized prior to the addition of the aldehyde or ketone. The amino-amide may be heated until an oligomer, e.g., dimer, trimer or tetramer of the amino-amide intermediate is obtained. An example of suitable conditions for oligomer production includes heating in the range of 120-150 ° C for up to 5 hours.

[0031] It has been found that the use of the oligomerized product leads to a stronger binding product after curing. This manifests itself in the strength of the binder, and leads to better storage results, higher tensile strength and stiffness, and better elastic recovery for products made with this binder.

[0032] The composition applied to the glass fiber optionally may include adhesion promoters, oxygen binders, solvents, emulsifiers, pigments, fillers, anti-migration auxiliaries, coalescence aids, wetting agents, biocides, plasticizers, organosilanes, anti-foaming agents, coloring agents, waxes, suspending agents, antioxidants, crosslinking catalysts, secondary crosslinking agents, and combinations thereof.

[0033] Curable compositions comprising a thickener and / or rheology modifier have been found to provide improved properties such as improved dry tensile strength and hot / wet tensile strength, fiberglass mat, as can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0034] The examples below show the improvement of dry tensile strength and hot wet tensile strength of the nonwoven glass mat when the thickener is added to the binder. The binder used is a solution of hexamethylenediamine, maleic anhydride and glucose. The thickener used is the type of hydroxycellulose thickener, Natrosol 250H4BR from Hercules.

Extensibility

<img file="PL2464773T3_D0001.tif" />

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Fig. 1. Dry tensile strength of the nonwoven glass mat bonded with the HMDA / MA / glucose binder. The tensile strength is improved when a thickener is added to the binder.

The following testing method was adopted:

Individual test specimens 2.54 x 15.24 cm (1 "x 6") were cut from fiberglass mats with 19% LOI using a paper guillotine in both the machine direction (MD) and the machine cross direction (CMD). For dry tensile strength, 12 MD samples and 12 CMD samples were tested on an Instron 4466 machine with a load cell 45.36 kg (100 pounds) and a head speed of 2.54 cm / min (1 inch / min). For hot / wet tensile strength, 12 MD samples were immersed in water at 82.22 ° C (180 ° F) for ten (10) minutes, allowing them to dry for three (3) minutes before testing on the Instron Test machine.

Hot / wet stretch

<img file="PL2464773T3_D0002.tif" />

Fig. 2. Hot / wet tensile strength of the nonwoven glass mat bonded with the HMDA / MA / glucose binder. The tensile strength is improved when a thickener is added to the binder.

[0035] The thickener and / or rheology modifier may be polymeric type materials that are at least partially water soluble or inorganic type materials that are dispersed in water and that increase viscosity without substantially altering other resin properties. Suitable polymeric thickeners are polysaccharides such as xanthan gum, guar gum, modified starches, neutralized poly (acrylic acids) such as sodium polyacrylate, cellulose derivatives, polyacrylomides and poly (vinyl alcohols). Preferably, such a thickener and / or rheology modifier has a weight average molecular weight of at least about 100,000 and more typically below about 2,000,000, most preferably at least about 200,000 and most typically below about 1,000,000. Inorganic thickeners include smectite clay and / or bentonite.

[0036] Preferred thickeners are based on hydroxyalkyl cellulose, such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, or carboxyalkyl cellulose, such as carboxymethyl cellulose.

[0037] The amount of thickener and / or rheology modifier present in the curable composition is preferably from 0.01 to 3 weight percent (based on dry weight), most preferably from 0.05 to 0.1 weight percent (based on dry weight).

[0038] In addition, it has been found that in particular curable compositions comprising 10 to 50 weight percent (based on dry weight), most preferably 20 to 40 weight percent (based on dry weight) of the carbon black dispersion provide excellent blackening effect. The water-based carbon black dispersion typically contains water, 40 to 50 weight percent carbon black, 0.1 to 5 weight percent, preferably 0.1-2 weight percent cationic or nonionic emulsifiers. The water-based soot dispersion typically may further include other additives such as silanes, defoamer and wetting agents for glass fibers. Instead of using a water-based carbon black dispersion added to curable compositions, it is also possible to add carbon black directly to curable compositions. It is, however, less favorable for reasons of manipulation. The above-mentioned curable carbon black compositions provide sufficient black when used in so-called lining materials, which are fibrous materials based primarily on glass fibers.

[0039] The carbon black preferably has a particle size of 70 nm or smaller, most preferably from 5 nm to 70 nm, in particular from 10 nm to 30 nm. Such carbon black materials are available, for example, from Brockhuis GmbH &amp; Co KG (Rockwood Pigments NA, Inc).

[0040] The glass fiber that has been applied the composition of the present invention can take various forms and in a preferred embodiment of the invention is a fiberglass mat, preferably a facing mat. The use in roofing membranes is also advantageous because good stretching and elongation properties are observed. In other embodiments of the invention, the glass fiber is a ground based on crushed glass fiber useful in applications such as printed circuit boards, battery separators, filter material, and reinforcing canvas.

[0041] The composition of the present method is applied to glass fiber by a number of techniques, such as spraying, rotary curtain coating and dip roller coating. In a most preferred embodiment, the binder composition of the invention is applied to the nonwoven fabric using standard methods of binder application as known in the art as widely used in industry. Water or other solvents can be removed by heating.

[0042] Next, the composition undergoes curing, in which a polymer coating is formed showing good adhesion to glass. The polymer composition obtained after curing is a combination of polyaminoamide and polyamino-imide. Polyimide is a primary product but it is thought that some of the amide in the intermediate does not form imide. Thus, some polyamino amide is also present in the cured composition / binder.

[0043] Such curing can be carried out by heating. In general, elevated curing temperatures of 100 to 300 ° C are acceptable. Satisfactory curing results are achieved using standard heating and drying processes that are usually used to make fiberglass mats. Temperatures around 200 ° C in a natural draft oven at line speeds are typically sufficient.

[0044] The amount of cured binder at the end of the curing step is usually approximately 10 to 30 weight percent, and most preferably 12 to 20 weight percent of the total weight of the mat. [0045] The binder composition may be applied to all types of different fibrous substrates. The fibrous support may be a woven material or nonwoven, and may include filaments, chopped fibers, staple fibers or mixtures thereof. Polymer fibers and glass fibers are preferred, however, all types of fibrous materials that are compatible with the binder composition of the invention can be used.

EP2464773 [0046] The composition is particularly preferred for a fiberglass nonwoven used as a facing. Intense black color allows for many different applications. The composition is particularly suitable as cladding mats with a total weight of 20 to 200 g / m2², having a favorable mass range between 40 and 100 g / m2² total weight of the mat.

[0047] The facing mats used in the present invention typically include at least one nonwoven material bonded together with a binder according to the invention. The material comprises chopped continuous glass fibers, of which preferably at least about 90 percent, more preferably at least about 95 percent, and most preferably at least about 97 percent have a fiber diameter in the range of 1 to 30 μm, most preferably in the range of 7 μ to 13 μ. For some applications, it is preferable to have a very narrow range of about 11 ± 1.5 μm, as described in WO2005 / 005118, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0048] Furthermore, it is also possible that the material has several layers of chopped glass fibers, preferably an outer layer of glass fibers with a diameter of 1 to 10 Pm and an inner layer of glass fibers with a diameter of 12 to 30 Pm. In this case, the inner layer provides mechanical strength and the outer layer gives an aesthetic impression. More details about such cladding materials can be found in EP-A-1,800,853, the disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.

[0049] In addition, it is also possible for the material to comprise a mixture of chopped glass fibers, preferably the main portion of the chopped glass fibers has a diameter of 8 to 17 Pm, while a smaller portion of the chopped glass fibers has a diameter less than about 5.5 Pm. The smaller portion typically is present in an amount of about 1 to 30 weight percent of the dry matter of the material. More details about such cladding materials can be found in WO-A-2005/0051 1 7, the disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.

[0050] Although mixtures of different lengths of chopped fiber strands are contemplated and fall within the scope of the invention, most preferably most fibers have a length of about 0.51 cm (0.20 inches) to 3.81 cm (1.5 inches), more preferably 0.64 cm (0.25 inches) to 1.52 cm (0.6 inches).

[0051] Cut fiberglass is easily distinguishable from staple fiber by those skilled in the art. Staple fibers are usually produced by processes such as rotary fiber production or flame-cutting molten glass known in the textile industry. They typically have a wider range of fiber length and diameter than staple fiberglass. In contrast, it can be anticipated that the smoothest mats will be obtained with a predominance of fine fibers.

[0052] The preferred continuous glass fiber for fibrous material is at least one element selected from the group consisting of types E, C, T and S and sodium borosilicate glass, and mixtures thereof. As is known in glassware, C glass typically has a soda-lime-borosilicate composition that gives it increased chemical stability in corrosive environments, and T-glass usually consists of magnesium aluminosilicate and especially has a high tensile strength in the form of a filament. E glass, which is also known as electric glass, typically consists of calcium aluminosilicate and has a maximum alkali content of 2.0%. E fiberglass is usually used to reinforce various products. The material is preferably composed of glass C or glass E.

[0053] If required for later use, the binder used according to the invention for the present material may comprise an effective amount of a hydrophobic agent, for example, vinyl acrylate latex copolymers or stearylated melamine in typical amounts of about 3 to 10 wt.

EP2464773 [0054] The material may contain further fillers, pigments, or other inert or active ingredients throughout the entire mat or surface concentrated. For example, the mat may contain effective amounts of fine particles of limestone, glass, clay, coloring pigments, biocide, fungicide, protective coating material, or a mixture thereof. Such additions can be added because of giving known structural, functional or aesthetic features. These features include additional coloring, modification of the surface structure or texture, resistance to mold or fungus formation, and fire resistance. Preferably, flame retardants sufficient to render them resistant, e.g. according to Method 701 NFPA National Fire Protection Association or ASTM E84, class 1, American Society for the Testing of Materials. The biocide is preferably added to the mat to resist fungal growth, where its effectiveness is measured according to ASTM D3273.

[0055] In addition to chopped glass fiber, the material may contain a small amount of other fibers, in addition to or instead of glass fibers, such as mineral fibers, such as mineral wool, slag wool, ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, refractory fibers, or mixture. Other synthetic or polymer fibers, such as melt blown microdenier fibers or melt spun fibers of polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like may also be used.

[0056] The nonwoven material used in the cladding mat preferably has a combined mass in the range of about 20 to 200 g / m2², more preferably from 25 to 150 g / m2²and most preferably from 30 to 100 g / m2².

[0057] The present invention provides a formaldehyde-free route to the production of highly bound formaldehyde-free glass fiber product. The binder composition provides beneficial flow properties, elimination of the necessary pH modifiers such as sulfuric acid and caustic soda, and improved overall economy and safety. Another advantage of the binder is that it is stronger and releases smaller amounts of relatively volatile organic content during curing, which provides a safer workplace and environment. The curing time of the binder is also seen to be much shorter, and thus promotes economics, reducing energy consumption during the curing process and lowering the carbon footprint. The binder also contains a large amount of reproducible raw materials, further reducing the resin's dependence on fossil sources. Also, due to the hydrophobic nature of the binder, the need for a hydrophobic agent such as silicones is removed or greatly reduced.

[0058] The following examples are presented to provide specific examples of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific details given in the Examples.

Example 1:

[0059] A binder composition was prepared using the following ingredients:

<td></td><td></td><td>component</td><td>dry weight [%]</td><td>total dry matter [%]</td>

<td>73.95</td><td>kg</td><td>binding agent G4.5</td><td>35</td><td>73.95</td>

<td>0.7</td><td>kg</td><td>Lutensol® M7</td><td>50</td><td>1</td>

<td>6.26</td><td>kg</td><td>Water</td><td></td><td>0</td>

<td>19.02</td><td>kg</td><td>Carbofin® L2951</td><td>46</td><td>25</td>

<td>0.0175</td><td>kg</td><td>anti-foaming agent</td><td>100</td><td>0.05</td>

Example 2:

[0060] A binder composition was prepared with the following ingredients:

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<td>72.95</td><td>kg</td><td>binding agent G4.5</td><td>35</td><td>72.95</td>

<td>0.7</td><td>kg</td><td>Lutensol® M7</td><td>50</td><td>1</td>

<td>6.56</td><td>kg</td><td>Water</td><td></td><td>0</td>

<td>19.02</td><td>kg</td><td>Carbofin® L2951</td><td>46</td><td>25</td>

<td>0.7</td><td>kg</td><td>Silquest® A1100</td><td>50</td><td>1</td>

<td>0.0175</td><td>g</td><td>anti-foaming agent</td><td>100</td><td>0.05</td>

[0061] The G4.5 binder includes the following ingredients: 30.1% soft water, 6.2% HMDA (70%) (1.6-diaminohexane), 3.7% maleic anhydride, 57.0% dextrose (71% liquid ), 2.4% ammonium sulfate, 0.4% Skane M8^® (Rohm &amp; Hass), 0.2% copper sulfate pentahydrate, percentage based on total weight of binder G4.5.

Lutensol^® M7 (BASF) is an ion-forming surfactant, Carbofin^® L2951 (Rockwood Pigment NA, Inc) is a carbon black emulsion; Silquest^® A1100 is an amino silane.

[0062] The composition was applied at 60 g / m2² non-woven fiberglass. The binder content was 16% based on the total weight of the mat.