Fire protected elastomeric insulation

[0001] The present invention relates to a universal multilayer elastomer or thermally and / or sound insulating material based on a thermoplastic elastomer with improved fireproof properties along with low smoke emission, a method for producing such a material and the use of such material and the resulting composites.

[0002] Elastomeric materials have long been used for insulation purposes as foamed material (see, e.g. Armaflex®, K-flex® brands). However, since elastomers are organic in nature and because cage material is more sensitive to ignition than solid elastomer, foamed elastomers tend to be flammable or very flammable.

[0003] A number of attempts have been made to improve the fire resistance of organic polymeric foams, such as by incorporating an elastomer compound with internal flame retardants as standard in the rubber industry and / or using flame retardant protective layers: you can think of composites, where specially fireproof polymers form an outer layer, but the most common approach to fire protection is the use of an outer layer consisting of a metal foil or plate, mainly aluminum due to problems of applicability and cost, often together with one or more the inner layer (s) showing no or low flammability.

[0004] This technology has been used almost to exhaustion in many varieties: aluminum patches filled with rigid foam, metal foil with mineral wool underneath, a layer of foil with wire mesh underneath, outer foil in some variations, perforated foil, fibers underneath, or foil together with swelling systems. Most creators reserve the use of metal foil or a plate and fibers (woven or non-woven), for example in combination with low-flammability fibers (aluminum / polyester or polyamide or several layers of fibers), but mainly non-combustible fibers. There are several patents in which the creators all use metal foil, mainly aluminum, in the outermost layer with fiber (glass) or fabric or upholstery canvas underneath and foil with holes, fibers.

[0005] Other inventors claim the use of low-flammability fibers or non-flammable fibers (mainly glass fibers) only in the outer layer, often in combination with other layers, such as coating glass fibers, matrix fibers, inner layers with low-flammability material, layer inorganic fibers, partly filled with non-flammable, non-flammable layers of fiber and bamboo, fiber on foam-filled patches, outer layer of resin reinforced with fiber or fibers / film on the swelling layer. Other patents claim glass fibers as the outer layer or the use of multiple layers of fibers to form a structure, but they are not explicitly directed to fire resistance. CN 1613640 replaces a double layer of felt with flame retardant impregnation; US 5698302 lists a double layer of glass fiber on a rigid foam, however, the layer is neither described nor intended to be a flame retardant fibrous material as it is used in a polymer material containing resin as the flame retardant itself; DE 19640887 claims a fiber reinforced silicate layer for firefighting purposes.

[0006] All of the above-mentioned inventions mainly relate to rigid foams for protection, with the exception of GB 2378919, in which an inner rubber-like layer is disclosed, however, the entire composite is to be substantially stiffened again. All in all, indeed, all of these methods include many different flame retardant requirements; however, their individual versatility is limited, and their operation is strongly dependent on the substrate, on what layers are used, etc. Therefore, most of the above inventions also require, or at least mention, the flame retardant properties of the substrate itself.

[0007] Flammability requirements and tests related to compliance in construction are becoming more global, but also more precise and application-related, and therefore more difficult (e.g. ASTM E-84, EN 13823), as smoke formation and density are taken into account in addition to flammability.

[0008] Accordingly, it turned out during our research that the above-mentioned state of the art is not suitable to safely achieve the highest possible classes of flame retardant organic compounds (e.g. B s1 d0 for EN 13823 / EN 13501-1, V- 0 on UL 94 etc.), even for the most common polymer foam bases, and in some cases these systems lead to even poorer performance (see results for laminated AF in Table 1). More effective systems (e.g. at least reaching class d0 B S3 or V-1, respectively) have shown that they are expensive, complex and neither economical nor ecological.

[0009] The general shortage of the abovementioned materials causes the fact that the flame retardants lead to incomplete combustion, and thus the smoke content particles lead to high smoke density, together with partially high smoke formation. There are other reasons for the failure of traditional protection systems, which are discussed below.

[0010] Some prior art is not based on traditional systems: KR 102006021127 discloses composites with a protective polymer layer on an aluminum foil layer, which in turn lies on top of the foam. However, this system is not claimed to meet fire protection, and potentially may not be matched to the respective requirements as the polymer burns easily. CH 650196 describes an interesting composite considered flame retardant, where the aluminum foil is perforated and there is a second layer, covered with an outer layer of polyester fibers containing flame retardants. Also JP 8199709 describes a system in which the metal foil need not necessarily be the outermost layer.

[0011] However, even these non-classic systems have deficiencies in the application, repeatability and consistency of fire test results according to our research. For example, JP 8199709 correctly describes that a slow-burning outer layer containing flame retardants will disperse the heat of fire using the aluminum wire underneath, however, it has been found that for some time the ability of this dispersion is saturated and overheating the metal layer will cause unwanted flashover both the outer layer and the substrate, which will lead to complete burning of the composite around the film. The composite mentioned in CH 650196 will show this effect at a slightly later point in time, but it will end up with flashover. The reason for delaying flashover is that due to the perforation of the film allowing the heat to dissipate even to the ground, but not to a critical level where flammable gases should form. Finally, the correct assumption in GB 2222185 that the first layer that can melt away from the flames would be a protective function turns out to be useless when used for the aforementioned test methods and approvals as the molten layer, it will finally ignite spontaneously.

[0012] In addition, we observed significant formation of dark and / or dense smoke before and after flashover in all three cases, which would be another negative approval criterion. In addition, most of the above-mentioned layered materials would be very stiff and thus destroy some of the benefits provided by elastomeric and thus flexible foam materials, such as good and easy assembly and sealing tolerances etc. Furthermore, EP 2 345 535 A1 discloses universal multilayer (A) (B) coating systems for fire protection purposes, especially for protecting foamed organic polymers (C) leading to improved smoke reduction properties together with low smoke emission in which the core is covered at least one internal protective layer consisting of metal foil or glass fibers, and at least one external protective layer consisting of glass fibers.

[0013] The main purpose of the present invention is therefore to provide a fireproof elastomeric material or system that is versatile, reliable, economical and easy to apply. It must meet modern regulations in relevant fields of application by dissipating flame and heat as much as possible before it reaches or is transferred to the foam substrate. In addition, smoke formation must be suppressed in the best possible way, all by maintaining some of the essentially good elastomer properties.

[0014] It has surprisingly been found that such a universal material not showing the above-mentioned disadvantages can be achieved when replacing a rounded system from the prior art and using low or no flammable fiber as the outermost layer with a non-flammable film layer underneath. Alternatively, a fiber layer in the second low or non-combustible fiber layer may be used. Both solutions achieve the appropriate flame spreading and heat dissipation properties as well as gas permeability, but not solid smoke particles.

[0015] The claimed material comprises a layer (A), see Fig. 1, which is at least one fibrous layer used as the outermost layer, i.e. the outer protective layer, on at least one - preferably the outermost surface of the layer (B) and / or the substrate / core (C), such as panel insulation / sheets or pipes ("fibrous" in the context of the present invention means fibers, strips and chips with a length to width ratio of at least 10: 1). The fibrous layer may contain fibers and / or chips of any inorganic or organic type. Low or no flammability fibers and / or tapes are preferred ("low flammability" in the context of the present invention means a flame retardant according to at least DIN 4102 B 1 and / or ASTM E-84 flame spread 100), such as sisal, hemp, coconut, cellulose, cotton, wool, bamboo as examples of natural or organic fibrous material, or of carbon, polyester, polyaramide, polyimide, PTFE, glass, metal, ceramics / mineral as examples of synthetic or inorganic fibrous material.

[0016] The fibers and / or tapes may be solid or hollow. The fibers and / or tapes may advantageously be coated in an inorganic treatment (e.g. based on silane) as organic processing aids widely used in the spinning and textile industry (such as stearic acid, animal and vegetable fats and oils etc.) may have a negative effect on flammability.

[0017] The fibers may be in the fabric or nonwoven condition. The nonwoven fabric is preferred because of its better economy with almost equal performance. Generally, fibrous systems are preferred, where the average mesh size of the screen or grain would be 0.01 to 2.00 mm, preferably 0.04 to 0.80 mm, particularly preferably from 0.10 to 0.25 mm; a preferred average density of thread or fiber would be 5 to 500 per cm, preferably 10 to 250 per cm, particularly preferably 20 to 60 per cm. (A) can be bonding to other layers, e.g. (b), by adhesives, preferably those flame retardant or self-adherent, if suitably equipped, e.g. by a molten layer.

[0018] The fibrous material may be embedded to at least 30 weight percent in the matrix to facilitate application (A), to improve surface texture and performance. Therefore, flame retardant matrix materials such as. Are preferred

CPE, PVC or polymer blends containing flame retardants or being flame retardants themselves.

[0019] The claimed material further comprises at least one layer (B) as the second outermost layer, i.e. the inner protective layer, which is either at least one layer of non-combustible perforated or non-perforated film, preferably not perforated. Metal foils (e.g., aluminum, iron, copper, etc.) are preferred as a non-flammable film, with a preferred film thickness range of 1-400 microns, especially preferably 2-50 microns. Aluminum is a preferred material as a metal foil due to its good thermal conductivity, good sealing properties and excellent application properties (gluing / adhesion, compatibility etc.), see Fig. 1a.

[0020] Another option instead of the metal foil as layer (B) is at least one layer consisting of fibers and / or strips of low or no flammability, solid or hollow, such as sisal, hemp, cellulose, coconut fiber, cotton, bamboo as examples of natural or organic fibrous material, or of carbon, polyester, polyamide, polyaramide, glass, ceramic / mineral as examples of synthetic or inorganic fibrous material, see Fig. 1 b. Non-combustible fibers and / or tapes are preferred, glass fibers with inorganic treatment, preferably in the form of a fabric or nonwoven, are particularly preferred. The preferred average mesh size of the mesh or screen in the fabric is 0.01 to 0.80 mm, particularly preferably from 0.08 to 0.5 mm; a preferred average density of thread or fiber is 5 to 250 per cm, particularly preferably 40 to 100 per cm.

[0021] The fibrous material may be embedded to at least 30 weight percent in the matrix to facilitate application (B), and improve performance. Therefore, flame retardant matrix materials, such as CPE, PVC or polymer blends containing flame retardants or being flame retardants themselves are preferred.

(B) can be bonded to other layers, e.g. (A) and (C), with adhesives, preferably flame retardant or adherent alone if properly equipped, e.g. by a molten layer that can be used on both sides (B).

[0022] (A) and (B) can also be made in the form of a prefabricated composite laminate and then applied to (C) by melting, gluing, or any other joining method, e.g. by laminating or co-extrusion.

[0023] (A) and / or (B) can be applied to (C) in such a way that one or more overlaps are formed that can be used as a seam seal and / or a contact joint. Appropriate tabs can be adhered with glues, preferably with low or no flammability, or adhered or mechanically fitted. This overlap seal is e.g. feasible for flat (see Fig. 2a) and tubular (see Fig. 2b) material.

[0024] The claimed material further comprises a substrate or a core of compound (C) underneath layers (A) and (B), which comprises at least one layer of foamed crosslinked elastomeric compound or foam and optionally crosslinked thermoplastic elastomeric compound, where they can be based on polymers e.g. ACM / AEM, AU / EU, BR, BIIR, CIIR, CM / CPE, CR, CSM / CSR, (G) (E) CO, EPM / EPDM, EVM, FKM / F (E) PM, GPO , IR, IIR, (V) MQ, (H) NBR, NR, SBR, T etc., see Fig. 1.

[0025] The developed elastomeric or thermoplastic elastomer blend of step (c) may comprise a crosslinking system such as peroxides, hydrosilylation agents, radiation activators (for UV radiation and curing), sulfur compounds, bisphenolics, metal oxides etc. [0026] A foamed elastomer mixture or the thermoplastic elastomer further comprises at least one expansion agent selected from chemical classes of expansion agents (e.g. releasing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen or water) and / or physical expansion agents (e.g. solvents, CO2, N2, other gases).

[0027] The foamed elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer blend may be foamed into a closed-cell or open-cell foam or sponge. Closed-cell foam with a closed cell content of at least 80% and a density less than 200 kg / m is preferred³, preferably less than 100 kg / m³, especially preferably less than 65 kg / m³, in accordance with ISO 845, to reduce thermal conductivity to less than 0.080 w / m * K at 0 ° C, preferably less than 0.040 w / m * K at 0 ° C, according to EN 12667.

[0028] The foamed elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer blend may further comprise one or more fillers of all kinds, such as those of the metal and semi-metal oxides class or hydroxides, soot, carbonates, sulfates, etc., and any combinations thereof.

[0029] The foamed elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer blend may further comprise a heat stabilization and / or reversing system. The stabilizers may be selected from the soot, metal oxides (e.g. iron oxide) and hydroxides (e.g. magnesium hydroxide), organometallic complexes, radical scavengers (e.g. tocopherol derivatives), complex silicates (e.g. perlite, vermiculite) and any combination thereof .

[0030] The foamed elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer blend may further contain all kinds of other fillers or additives, such as other elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers and / or mixtures based on thermoplastic and / or thermoset polymers, or combinations thereof, or recycled material, other recovered materials based on polymers, fibers etc.

[0031] The foamed elastomer or thermoplastic elastomer blend may contain further additives such as flame retardants, biocides, plasticizers, stabilizers (e.g. against UV, ozone, inversion, etc.), dyes etc. of any kind in any ratio, including additives improving its production, use, appearance and performance properties, such as inhibitors, retarders, accelerators, etc .; and / or additives to adapt it to the needs of the application, such as carbonized and / or fireproof additives, such as foaming graphite, to make the material self-swelling in the event of fire, to close and protect e.g. penetration of the wall and bulkhead; and / or substances that lead to the self-ceramizing effect of pipes, wall penetration, etc. in the event of fire, such as boron compounds, silicon-containing compounds, etc .; and / or internal adhesion promoters to provide self-adhesive properties in co-extrusion and co-laminating applications, such as silicate esters, functional silanes, polyols, etc. (C) may exhibit surface structures on one or both sides for sound and / or thermal separation purposes, as well as for increasing the adhesion surface of successive layers to be used. This structure can have any shape, such as triangular, sinusoidal, rectangular, trapezoidal, (half) round (half) multi-edge (e.g. honeycomb), etc., and any combinations thereof. A structure of any shape can be used in two-dimensional ways, such as ridges or pipes, or a three-dimensional way, such as balls, and any combinations thereof; the structure can be used longitudinally or transversely, or in any combination thereof. This can be achieved by extrusion, embossing, deep drawing, molding by application directly onto the structure or by application to the support (layer), in the cold, heat or hot state, or in any combination of suitable methods. Accordingly, layers (B) and (A) on the upper part (C) may also exhibit surface structures.

[0032] The claimed material contains a suitable adhesive system (D) for binding compounds (A), (B) and (C) - or said layers (E) and / or (F), respectively, - for each other, respectively, see Fig. 1. Adhesive systems that are either fully compatible with the substrates to which they are to be bonded are preferred (agents: they have similar polarity, morphology or surface energy and / or are based on polymer compound substrates) and / or, preferably, with internal flame retardant properties. Adhesives containing halogenated or phosphorus compounds, e.g. based on elastomers or thermoplastics such as chloroprene, PVC, CPE, and the like, or low-flammability adhesives such as silicate adhesives such as alkali silicate systems ("water glass").

[0033] The adhesive system (D) need not have the same composition for bonding layers (A) and (B) or (B) and (C), respectively, and can be easily matched to individual requirements in the best possible way; it may be in the form of a liquid or paste or solid and be used as a hot melt. As the flame retardant effect of layers (A) and (B) is very important, e.g. bonding layer (B) to (C) may also contain flammable funnels or hot melt adhesives such as PE or acrylates.

[0034] The claimed material may further comprise additional functional layers (E) between (A) and (B) and / or between (B) and (C) and / or on the upper part (A), which may contribute to the mechanical force necessary for the intended use as well as for the flame retardant properties, see Fig. 1. The compounds for (E) can therefore be, e.g.

fibers, films, papers, plates etc. in various forms, but also self-ceramising, charred or flame retardant compounds or compounds that release flame retardants or cooling or diluting substances such as gas, steam, liquids, halides etc. in the event of fire; or a flame retardant, e.g. halogenated (e.g. CR, CPE, PVC) or phosphated (e.g. containing phosphate groups) organic compounds. Compounds of formula (E) may be bound to other material compounds by (D), or used separately.

[0035] The claimed material may further comprise additional functional layers (F) as covering (A) acting e.g. as a cover, reinforcing or decorating or as a "lossy in case of fire", see Fig. 1. Layers that are either flame retardants by themselves or easy to burn or melt so as not to interfere with the functioning of the layered system (A) (B) (C). Compounds (F) can be bound to other material compounds via (D), or adhere separately.

[0036] The claimed material may additionally comprise any additional element (G) necessary for the intended application, such as wire inserts in the case of cables or the like, solid parts such as wood, glass, metal or concrete structures for building purposes etc. as well as metal pipes, e.g. made of corrugated steel or copper, to produce a pre-insulated pipe, see Fig. 1. Element (G) can be bonded to other layers of material through (D), or adjacent to itself or be mechanically, loosely or tightly attached.

[0037] The main advantage of the claimed material is its suitability for use in a safety related environment where low flame spread and / or low smoke production is required (e.g. simulated and approved by ASTM E-84, EN 13823 / EN 13501-1 , see Tables 1 and 2). Performance ranging from flame retardant to flame retardant is provided by the special effect that layers of claimed material will generate on the formation and migration of flammable gases in combination with flame and heat dispersion, according to our results

1. In the event of impact of the first (outer) fibrous layer, the flame is dispersed over a large area and the net heat formation per unit area is thus significantly reduced compared to smooth and / or closed surfaces such as foil or board. Also, heat transfer to the composite is less due to said dispersion, but also due to the low heat conductivity of the fiber, compared to metal foils or polymer layers. In comparison, the abovementioned prior art systems using aluminum foil as the outer layer show flashover under most conditions due to melting and / or tearing of the film in the early state of the flammability test.

2. When approaching the second layer, already weakened heat and fire will either

a) reflected by metal foil or additionally dispersed by the second fibrous layer. If the heat penetrates deep into the foamed polymer, it will not decompose into combustible gases, which will also be trapped by the foil (the tearing of the foil due to gas pressure is protected by an external fibrous layer, this action is also not provided by the state of the art) and thus will be kept away from possible flashovers;

b) or a second layer of fabric or metal foil will slow down the migration of these gases to the surface or flame front and / or dilute said gases in the fibrous matrix to keep them below the critical limit per unit of volume or surface.

[0038] Both effects 2a and 2b will prevent flashover and together with 1 will result in controlled, slow smoking (slow but fed sufficient oxygen, as happens on the outer surface of the composite). This will not produce much smoke compared to standard flame retardant systems that will lead to "suppression" of smoking (oxygen deficiency) with high smoke formation due to incomplete combustion (compare Table 1: SMOGRA and TSP values).

[0039] A very significant advantage of the claimed material is its universality regarding fire testing and the results were almost independent of the substrate and core (see table 2).

[0040] Another advantage of the claimed material associated with the above-mentioned advantage is that there are no additional measures to be taken to make the substrate or core flame retardant.

[0041] This leads to further advantages of the claimed material, which is free and economical as well as ecological choice of the foam substrate or core and its components.

[0042] This leads to another benefit of the claimed material, as no halogenated flame retardants are needed to achieve the required fire resistance. Particularly brominated flame retardants are key to environmental issues and can create toxic fumes in the event of fire. For this reason, brominated flame retardants are already partly prohibited. Accordingly, as well as synergistic flame retardants such as antimony trioxide or boric acid metal salts are not required, which are still discussed or already limited in their use.

[0043] Another advantage of the claimed material is that critical chemicals (such as halogenated, phosphated) can be significantly reduced because the layered system takes over the fire protection activity. Thanks to the use of silicate-based adhesives, even the last essential halogenated compounds (CR / CPE / PVC adhesives) can be abandoned. The silicate adhesive layer only has to be very thin, and thus does not affect the activities of the end parts, e.g. regarding flexibility. Another advantage of using silicate adhesives is that they are not solvents but are water based.

[0044] A further advantage of the claimed material is that it will still be flexible enough to bend around a narrow radius or attach a suitable pipe easily around the pipeline.

[0045] Another advantage of the claimed material is that in preferred compositions it is free of PVC and phthalates, both of which are under investigation and are discussed in the field of environmental protection and health protection.

[0046] Another advantage of the claimed material is that its flame retardant properties are almost independent of the geometry of the part to be fire protected. [0047] Another advantage of the claimed material is the ability to adapt the properties to the desired property profile (regarding mechanics, damping, insulation, elasticity, etc.) by adjusting the type of film / thickness and / or type of fiber, diameter, length, fabric denier, braiding angle etc. .

[0048] It is a significant advantage of the claimed material that it can be produced economically, in a continuous process, e.g. by extrusion and co-laminating, also with a prefabricated laminate. This shows versatility in the possibilities of manufacture and use. It can be extruded, co-extruded, laminated, molded, co-molded, molded, welded, etc. directly as a multi-layer system, and therefore can be used without shape restrictions on various surfaces in automotive, transport, aviation, construction and assembly, furniture, machine engineering and many other industries, even by thermoforming or other forming methods following the material manufacturing process.

[0049] Another advantage of the claimed material is that it can be processed and shaped using standard methods that are widespread in the industry, and this does not require specialized equipment.

[0050] Another advantage of the claimed material is that the insulation effect can be increased by using hollow fibers for layers (A) and / or (B).

[0051] Another advantage of this material is that compound (C) can contain scrapped or returned material of the same or different type to a very high degree without losing its flame retardant properties.

[0052] It is therefore an important advantage of the claimed material to separate fire resistance from the foamed polymer that leads to the fact that the polymer-based compound and / or the entire elastomeric or thermoplastic elastomer can be very economical. Therefore, e.g. SBR and NR mixes can be used as insulation foam, which will not undergo adequate flammability regulation as a stand-alone product.

[0053] It is a related advantage of the claimed material that the outer layers provide additional barrier properties and have a beneficial effect on thermal insulation and vapor diffusion blocking. Typically, the entire composite exhibits water vapor diffusion barrier properties, at least μ 2500, preferably at least μ 5000, particularly preferably at least μ 10000, according to EN 12086. Vapor barrier properties are necessary to prevent corrosion under insulation by moisture condensation.

[0054] Another advantage of the claimed material is its wide temperature range being determined solely by the foamed polymer. As an example, the claimed material with foamed silicone elastomer (MVQ) as compound (C) can be used in the range from -100 ° C to + 300 ° C or up to 400 ° C with thermosetting foams.

[0055] Another advantage of the claimed material is its suitability for heat insulation and sound / vibration applications in the range of very low to very high temperatures as described above. An additional benefit is that the metal foil will act as a vapor barrier and as a reflector, further separating the sound. Fiberglass acts as an additional insulating layer, in particular when using capillary fibers.

[0056] Another advantage of the claimed material is its resistance to mechanical loads, pressure, notch formation, cuts and bites, including attacks by birds, rodents or termites or the like, which is another advantage for external insulation purposes.

[0057] Another advantage of the claimed material is that it has very high UV and ozone resistance, even if the foam layer (C) does not have adequate resistance.

Examples [0058] In the following examples and comparative examples, the required foams and other materials were purchased on the market (e.g. Class 0 = Class0 / Armaflex^®, Armacell Ltd., United Kingdom; AF = AF / Armaflex^® Armacell GmbH, Germany; base polymer alone, but various additives; HT = HT / Armaflex®, NH = NH / Armaflex, both Armacell GmbH, Germany) or were manufactured according to prior art procedures for 25 mm thick samples. Protective layers were introduced on the foam parts by light and constant pressure using adhesives or the like that were available on the market (Hapuflam^®: multilayer fire retardant fabric system, Hapuflam GmbH, Germany; Flammotect^®: flame retardant paint / coating, bio Brandschutz GmbH, Germany; both self-adhesive, others: Adhesive 520 based on CR, Armacell GmbH, Germany; fibers: STW, Germany, CPE: Tyrin^® Dow Chemical, United States). For comparative examples, layers as close as possible to the workpieces provided by the relevant literature were used.

Table 1: Flammability test results of foam compounds according to EN 13823 / EN 135011 (single burned element / corner test): flammability and determination of total heat released (THR), fire growth rate (FIGRA), smoke growth rate (SMOGRA) and total smoke production (TSP) according to EN 13823; Flammability classification according to EN 13501 (best individual classifications: B s1 d0). Examples without asterisks in bold include claimed material.

<td>Basis</td><td>layers</td><td>Figra</td><td>THR</td><td>FIGRA</td><td>Figra</td><td>Smogra</td><td>TSP</td><td>grade</td><td>Grade</td><td>Grade</td>

<td>foam</td><td>protection</td><td></td><td> 600</td><td> 0,2</td><td> 0,4</td><td></td><td> 600</td><td></td><td>SMO</td><td>D</td>

<td></td><td>* = E.g. comparative</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>GAME</td><td></td>

<td rowspan="5">HT</td><td>lack*</td><td> 779</td><td> 8,3</td><td> 779</td><td> 779</td><td> 1286</td><td> 1121</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil. *</td><td> 521</td><td> 10,5</td><td> 521</td><td> 521</td><td> 587</td><td> 1306</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>fiberglass*</td><td> 128</td><td> 4,0</td><td> 149</td><td> 128</td><td> 263</td><td> 436</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>2x fiber glass</td><td> 0</td><td> 0,9</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 12</td><td> 97</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0</td>

<td>foil alum. + fiber glass</td><td> 5</td><td> 1,1</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 0</td><td> 22</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0</td>

<td rowspan="2">Class 0</td><td>lack*</td><td> 146</td><td> 2,9</td><td> 257</td><td> 146</td><td> 1151</td><td> 315</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>fiberglass*</td><td> 84</td><td> 1,2</td><td> 41</td><td> 84</td><td> 335</td><td> 286</td><td>B</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td rowspan="8">AF</td><td>lack*</td><td> 76</td><td> 2,1</td><td> 76</td><td> 33</td><td> 1891</td><td> 413</td><td>B</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>PTFE + loose on glass</td><td> 648</td><td> 2,3</td><td> 654</td><td> 648</td><td> 544</td><td> 379</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>Material Hapuflam + Hapuflam CP *</td><td> 156</td><td> 3,0</td><td> 169</td><td> 156</td><td> 49</td><td> 197</td><td>C</td><td>s2</td><td>d0</td>

<td>Flammotect S *</td><td> 271</td><td> 4,7</td><td> 278</td><td> 271</td><td> 272</td><td> 527</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>Flammotect A *</td><td> 610</td><td> 3,3</td><td> 627</td><td> 610</td><td> 476</td><td> 486</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil. *</td><td> 90</td><td> 3,6</td><td> 170</td><td> 90</td><td> 368</td><td> 418</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>fiber foil + glass alum. * 1</td><td> 147</td><td> 2,4</td><td> 147</td><td> 96</td><td> 121</td><td> 368</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>foil alum. + fiber glass</td><td> 0</td><td> 1,6</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 18</td><td> 30</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0</td>

<td rowspan="3">NH</td><td>lack*</td><td> 643</td><td> 6,3</td><td> 697</td><td> 643</td><td> 438</td><td> 183</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>2x fiber glass</td><td> 73</td><td> 2,0</td><td> 73</td><td> 29</td><td> 50</td><td> 113</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0</td>

<td>foil alum. + fiber glass</td><td> 0</td><td> 1,6</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 18</td><td> 30</td><td>b</td><td>s1</td><td>d0</td>

1) Foil as the outermost layer, as most often used in prior art documents

Table 2: Fire test according to EN 13823 / EN 13501-1 using the claimed system (A) 5 (B) (C) with different foam layers (C), carried out on plate-shaped material.

Examples without asterisks in bold include claimed material.

<td>Foam base</td><td>Protective layers * = E.g. comparative</td><td>grade</td><td>Grade Smogra</td><td>Class D</td>

<td rowspan="2">EPDM (rubber) 1)</td><td>lack*</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + fiber glass</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0 2)</td>

<td rowspan="2">NBR / PVC (rubber / TPE) 1)</td><td>lack*</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + fiber glass</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0 2)</td>

<td rowspan="2">NBR (rubber) nitrylobutadienowy)</td><td>lack*</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + fiber glass</td><td>B</td><td>s1</td><td>d0</td>

<td rowspan="2">MVQ (silicone rubber)</td><td>lack*</td><td>D</td><td>s1</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + fiber glass</td><td>B</td><td>s1</td><td>d0</td>

1) Systems based on NBR / PVC and EPDM were tested in accordance with ASTm E84 standard (tunnel fire test) achieving the 25/50 fire / smoke spread classification (best in class).

2) B s1 d0 with silicone adhesive

Table 3: Fire test according to EN 13823 / EN 13501-1 using the claimed system (A) (B) (C) with different fiber layers (C), carried out on plate-shaped EPDM material. All examples without asterisks include proprietary material.

<td>Protective layers * = comparative example</td><td>grade</td><td>Grade Smogra</td><td>Class D</td>

<td>lack*</td><td>D</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + fiberglass</td><td>B</td><td>s2</td><td>d0 1)</td>

<td>aluminum foil + bamboo fiber</td><td>C</td><td>s2</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + bamboo fiber (embedded up to 50 wt.% in CPE)</td><td>B</td><td>s3</td><td>d0 2)</td>

<td>bamboo fiber + bamboo fiber</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>aluminum foil + hemp</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>cannabis hemp +</td><td>C</td><td>s3</td><td>d0</td>

<td>hemp + hemp (embedded to 50% by weight in CPE)</td><td>B</td><td>s3</td><td>d0 2)</td>

1) B s1 d0 with silicone adhesive.

2) B s1 d0 when embedded in silicone binder.

Armacell Enterprise GmbH &amp; Co. KG. Germany Representative:

EP 2455221B1 Z-14258/16