Automatically balancing register for hvac systems

The present invention relates to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) control systems, and more particularly to systems that distribute control of an HVAC system among a number of components such as ventilation grilles, remote control units and thermostats that communicate with each other.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Traditional heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning (HVAC) systems with forced air circulation have manually adjustable ventilation grids (air control dampers) for controlling the amount of ventilated air introduced into a room or other part (to facilitate, hereinafter referred to as the "area") of the building. The air, air conditioning, air conditioning, air conditioning, air conditioning, air-to-air, air-to-air, air-to-air. However, in reality it rarely works properly. Typically, these ventilation grilles are not set at all, unless the area is unbearably cold or hot. In addition,

[0003] Manually adjustable ventilation grilles can also waste energy. For example, by introducing more air-conditioned air into the region than needed to obtain a pleasant temperature, the heating and cooling devices operate longer or at a higher level than would otherwise be required. Even if the ventilation grilles have been set to obtain the required temperature in all areas, these ventilation grilles can all be more closed than needed, so they cause the airflow to suffocate and increase the pressure in the ventilation ducts. The result is that the blower that causes the air to move must do more work than necessary, thus wasting energy. Additionally, high pressure in the ventilation ducts increases any leaks in these ventilation ducts. Such leaks in ventilation ducts often allow air-conditioned air to enter the attic, leak into other areas that do not require heating or cooling, thus wasting energy.

[0004] Most homes with forced air HVAC systems have only one thermostat. This means not only that this particular region actually maintains the desired temperature, but it causes that adjusting the temperature in other rooms to suit the needs of the inhabitants of these rooms is impractical. As a result, room temperatures can not be tailored to individual needs.

[0005] In order to overcome these problems, some buildings are divided into zones. Each zone has a thermostat associated with it to adjust the temperature in a given zone. In private homes, this is often done by installing separate HVAC systems for each zone. Each zone has its own thermostat, fan, heat exchanger, heater or heat pump, cooling compressor, ventilation ducts, and the like. This is not only expensive, but it can also be a huge loss of energy. For example, there is usually nothing that hinders one HVAC zone from heating part of the building while another HVAC zone cools down another overlapping area of ​​the building.

[0006] Attempts to solve a multi-zone HVAC problem often involve installing a centralized control system connected to multiple thermostats, and in some cases with electrically or pneumatically driven dampers in ventilation ducts. However, such centralized systems require the installation of wiring for thermostats, dampers, and the like, thereby increasing the inconvenience of upgrading existing buildings. Such systems are therefore more useful in new buildings than in the renovation of existing buildings. In addition, when such a system is already installed, it is difficult to divide it into additional zones or expand such a system.

[0007] According to the prior art, electronically controlled ventilation grilles for heating and cooling are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,168,627 to Lawrence Kates, et al. The design of a multi-zone HVAC control system from an existing one-zone system using wireless sensor networks is described by Andrew Redfern, et al., In Smart Structures, Devices and Systems (III), issued by Said F. Al-Sarawi, Proc. Of SPIE, vol. 6414 (2007). The content of both documents is attached here as a reference. US 2006/071087 A1 discloses an electronically controlled vent (ECRV) that can be easily installed and used in conjunction with a traditional zone HVAC system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for controlling an HVAC system of the type having a plurality of HVAC ventilation grids as defined in claim 1. Each HVAC ventilation grid can be placed in a suitable location in a building to provide heating or air conditioning of this building zone. The system for controlling the HVAC system may include appropriately numerous intelligently controlled ventilation grilles. Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille is connected to a separate one of the HVAC ventilation openings. Each of these intelligently controlled ventilation grilles remains in communication with at least one other of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles. The control program processes the data provided by each of the other intelligent ventilation grids.

[0009] At least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles may be in wired or wireless communication with at least one other of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids.

[0010] Each of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles can be configured to automatically detect the presence of an intelligently controlled ventilation grille that is not part of the HVAC system control system. If such (not installed) intelligently controlled ventilation grille is detected, then each intelligently controlled ventilation grille of this HVAC control system can automatically check whether this detected (not installed) intelligently controlled ventilation grille should be added to this system to control the HVAC system. If this is the case, then this detected (not installed) intelligently controlled ventilation grille is automatically added to this system to control the HVAC system. In other words,

[0011] In another embodiment, the newly installed intelligently controlled ventilation grid automatically detects a network of intelligently controlled ventilation grids and automatically installs itself in it. In this case, each of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles is configured to automatically determine the presence of the network from at least one other of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles and automatically check whether this intelligently controlled ventilation grid should be added to the HVAC system control system. If this is the case, this intelligently controlled ventilation grille is automatically added to the HVAC system.

[0012] Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be further configured to automatically check that the fixed intelligently controlled ventilation grille should be added to the HVAC system control system according to the time dependencies of the air flow through this intelligently controlled ventilation grate and time dependencies. air flow through this fixed, intelligently controlled ventilation grille. Optionally, or alternatively, this determination can be made according to the time dependencies of the illumination detected by the intelligently controlled ventilation grille and the time dependencies of the illumination detected by this fixed intelligently controlled ventilation grille.

[0013] Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be configured to detect other newly installed network components. For example, an intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be configured to automatically detect the presence of a new thermostat that is not part of the HVAC system and automatically checks if an outdoor thermostat should be added to the HVAC system. If this is the case, the discovered thermostat can be automatically added to the system to control the HVAC system.

The intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be configured to automatically check if the discovered thermostat should be added to the system to control the HVAC system according to the timing of the light detection by this thermostat and to the timing of light detection by an intelligently controlled ventilation grid or according to time dependencies of temperature changes detected by this thermostat and to time dependencies of temperature changes detected by the intelligently controlled ventilation grille.

[0015] Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille may comprise an adjustable throttle. The intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be configured so that when air passes through the adjustable throttle, at least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles is fully open.

[0016] Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille may be configured to wirelessly receive data from at least one of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids and to transmit at least some of the received data to different at least one other of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids.

[0017] The HVAC system may comprise a ventilation duct system, humidification system and / or an electric resistive heating system. At least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles may be configured to control the valve and / or control the electrical switch of the proportional control device.

[0018] Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille may comprise a motor coupled to an adjustable throttle, a temperature sensor and a wireless transceiver device for connecting to at least one other of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. The controller may be connected to a motor, a temperature sensor and / or to a transceiver. The power supply can be connected to the motor, the temperature sensor and the controller. The controller may be configured to perform processes such as obtaining data from a temperature sensor and, via a wireless transceiver, data from at least one of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. Using the obtained data, the controller can automatically determine the proper operation of the throttle and control the engine so that the throttle will respond properly. [0019] The power supply may comprise a solar cell assembly and / or a fan driven generator. An adjustable damper of at least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids may comprise a valve. Each of at least one of the many intelligently controlled ventilation grilles can be installed in an air vent.

[0020] The motor may comprise a winding, and each intelligently controlled ventilation grid may further comprise a printed circuit board on which electronic circuits implementing at least part of the controller are mounted. The motor winding can be mounted directly on the printed circuit board.

[0021] The circuit board may further comprise a plurality of electrically conductive elements, and the motor may further comprise a conductive element separated from a plurality of electrically conductive elements to form a condenser between the conductive element of the motor and one or more conductive elements on the circuit board. The capacitance of this capacitor depends on the rotational position of the motor. The controller may be configured to check the rotational position of the motor based on the capacity of the capacitor.

[0022] The engine may comprise two sets of rotors and two sets of stators. One of the rotors and one of the stators can form the first "sub-motor", and the remaining rotor and the remaining stator can form a second "sub-motor". These two sub-motors can be arranged side by side and mechanically coupled together.

[0023] The HVAC control system may further comprise a portable remote control device that includes a wireless transceiver and at least one switch that the user may control. The intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be configured to receive a wireless signal from a portable remote control device. The controller may be configured to automatically determine the required throttle actuation based, at least in part, on a wirelessly received signal from the portable remote control device.

[0024] The wireless transceiver device of a portable remote control device includes a wireless transmitter with a view and / or a wireless receiver with a short range of sight.

[0025] Each of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids may include an amount control throttling valve configured to adjust the amount of heat provided by the intelligently controlled ventilation grate. The motor can be controlled by an autonomous control program and mechanically coupled to cause the throttle controlling the quantity to be adjusted. The printed circuit board may include electronic circuits and the motor winding. The engine can be a stepper motor.

[0026] The system for controlling the HVAC system may also include a volume control position indicator, which consists of at least two electrically conductive elements separated from each other by a dielectric, such as air, thereby forming a condenser. At least one of the two electrically conductive elements may be configured to move relative to another of the at least two electrically conductive elements. The movement may be due to the operation of the volume control throttle, so as to vary the capacity of the capacitor due to the operation of the throttle controlling the quantity.

[0027] Each of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles may be configured in the absence of an external input signal defining a temperature setpoint for the respective location so as to equalize the temperatures of these places in the building.

[0028] Each of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles may be configured to maximize the flow through at least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. The HVAC system may include a blower and a heating or cooling device. At least one of the plurality of HVAC ventilation openings may include a return vent, and at least one of the plurality of HVAC ventilation openings may include a supply air vent. The system may further comprise a thermostat connected to the HVAC system to control the blower and the associated at least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. Each of the numerous intelligently controlled ventilation grilles can be configured to allow, that the air is sucked in by automatically selecting at least one of the return vents. The air movement can be forced by the blower, and the air can be blown out by automatically selected, at least one of the supplying ventilation openings, all without the participation of a heating or cooling device. This means that the air can be moved from at least one automatically selected place in the building (such as a room where the air is too hot) to another, at least one automatically selected place in the building (such as a room where the air is too cold) . at least one of the supplying ventilation openings, all without the participation of a heating or cooling device. This means that the air can be moved from at least one automatically selected place in the building (such as a room where the air is too hot) to another, at least one automatically selected place in the building (such as a room where the air is too cold) . at least one of the supplying ventilation openings, all without the participation of a heating or cooling device. This means that the air can be moved from at least one automatically selected place in the building (such as a room where the air is too hot) to another, at least one automatically selected place in the building (such as a room where the air is too cold) .

[0030] The HVAC system may comprise a blower controlled by the blower control leads and a heating and cooling device controlled by the outputs of the heating or cooling controller. The HVAC system may further comprise a thermostat connected to the HVAC system in such a way as to control the blower and the heating or cooling device. This thermostat may further be connected to at least one of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles. The thermostat can be configured to automatically recognize: power outputs connected to the thermostat, blower leads connected to the thermostat and outputs of the heating or cooling device connected to the thermostat.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for controlling an HVAC system of the type having a plurality of HVAC ventilation openings. Each HVAC vent may be placed in a suitable location in the building to provide heating or conditioned air to the area of ​​the building. The HVAC control system may include appropriately numerous intelligently controlled ventilation grilles. Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be associated with a separate separate HVAC ventilation opening. Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille may comprise a motor connected to an adjustable throttle, a temperature sensor and a wireless transceiver for communicating with at least one other of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. The controller can be coupled to the engine, with a temperature sensor and with a transceiver. The power source can be connected to the motor, transceiver and controller. The controller may be configured to perform processes such as acquiring data from a temperature sensor and, via a transceiver device, data from at least one other, from a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. Using the obtained data, the controller can automatically determine the necessary throttle operation and control the engine so that the throttle is properly activated. such as acquiring data from a temperature sensor and, via a transceiver device, data from at least one other, from a number of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. Using the obtained data, the controller can automatically determine the necessary throttle operation and control the engine so that the throttle is properly activated. such as acquiring data from a temperature sensor and, via a transceiver device, data from at least one other, from a number of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. Using the obtained data, the controller can automatically determine the necessary throttle operation and control the engine so that the throttle is properly activated.

[0032] Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling an HVAC system of the type having a plurality of HVAC ventilation openings in which each HVAC vent is positioned in a suitable location in the building. The HVAC control system may include appropriately numerous intelligently controlled ventilation grilles. Each intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be associated with a separate separate HVAC ventilation opening. The data is obtained from the temperature sensor. In addition, data is acquired wirelessly from at least one other, from numerous intelligently controlled ventilation grids. Obtained data is used to automatically determine the necessary throttle operation. The engine is controlled so as to cause proper operation of the throttle.

[0033] The presence of an intelligently controlled ventilation grill that is not part of the HVAC system control system can be automatically determined wirelessly. An intelligently controlled ventilation grille can be automatically added to the HVAC system.

[0034] Data may be automatically received from at least one of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. At least some of the received data may be forwarded to another, at least one of the plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles.

[0035] Electricity can be generated by a set of photovoltaic cells and / or a fan-powered generator in at least one of the plurality of HVAC ventilation openings. The motor can be powered at least in part using the generated electricity.

[0036] The engine may adjust the throttle blades controlling the amount of air, adjust the valve, match the electrically controlled switch and / or adjust the electrically controlled proportional control device.

[0037] The wireless signal may be received from a portable remote control unit. The received wireless signal can be used to obtain data to automatically determine the necessary throttle operation.

[0038] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligently controlled ventilation grid for use in an HVAC system of the type having a plurality of HVAC ventilation openings. Each HVAC ventilation hole can be placed in a suitable place in the building. The intelligently controlled ventilation grille comprises a motor connected to an adjustable throttle, a temperature sensor and a wireless transceiver for communication with at least one other of a plurality of intelligently controlled ventilation grids. The controller can be connected to a motor, a temperature sensor and a wireless transceiver. The power source can be connected to the motor, wireless transceiver and the controller. The controller can be configured to carry out processes, such as obtaining data from a temperature sensor and, via a wireless transceiver, data from at least one other intelligently controlled ventilation grille. The controller can use the obtained data to automatically determine the necessary throttle and motor control to cause the necessary throttle operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0039] The present invention will become fully understood by referring to the following detailed description of particular embodiments in connection with a drawing in which:

Fig. 1 shows a general scheme of an HVAC system in which the embodiments of the present invention may be applied;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the front of the intelligently controlled ventilation grid, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a right side perspective view showing the back of the intelligently controlled ventilation grate of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view from the left showing the back of the intelligently controlled ventilation grate of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing the components of the intelligently controlled ventilation grate of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of the intelligently controlled ventilation grate of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for a controllable ventilation grid of Fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an HVAC remote control unit of Fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a temperature control process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating another temperature control process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a flow diagram of a controllable ventilation grid of Fig. 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the time dependencies of the communication protocol between the controllable ventilation grilles of Fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a flowchart illustrating the operations carried out by the ventilated ventilation grid of Fig. 2 after it has been installed for the first time or returns from the off state, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating the activities carried out by the intelligently controlled ventilation grid of Fig. 2 to form a network with other intelligently controlled ventilation grids, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the operations carried out by the intelligently controlled ventilation grid of Fig. 2 for connecting to an existing grid or other intelligently controlled ventilation grids, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a perspective view of a built-in motor and sensor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the components of the integrated motor and sensor assembly of Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is another exploded perspective view of the components of the integrated motor and sensor assembly of Fig. 16, showing the sensor contacts, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 19 is an exploded perspective view of components of the integrated motor and sensor assembly of Fig. 16 showing the sensor contacts when the motor is rotated to a different position;

Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of another HVAC system in which the embodiments of the present invention may be applied;

Fig. 21 is a block diagram of an exemplary data packet, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 22 is a block diagram of an exemplary device data set according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 23 shows a block diagram of an exemplary remote instruction data packet, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig 24 is a block diagram of an exemplary ordinary update package for a remote control, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 25 shows a block diagram of an exemplary update set-up package for remote control, according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Fig. 26 is a block diagram of an exemplary device information table according to an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CONCRETE EMBODIMENTS [0040] Definitions. As used in the specification and appended claims, the following expressions have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires:

[0041] "HVAC system" means a system that provides heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning to a building or part of a building. The HVAC system may provide one or more of these functions.

[0042] "Photovoltaic cell assembly" means one or more photovoltaic cells that convert light into electricity due to the solar effect.

[0043] "Hydronic" means the use of water as a heat transfer medium in a HVAC system for heating or cooling. Examples of heating systems include steam and hot water heaters. In high-volume office buildings, such as high rise buildings and university campuses, the hydronic system can include a chilled water loop and a heated water loop to provide both heating and air conditioning. Chillers and cooling towers can be used separately or together to ensure cooling of the water, while boilers can be used to heat water.

[0044] A "butterfly valve" is a device that controls the flow of heat to and from a region associated with a position in a building. In an air-conditioned HVAC system, an adjustable damper can be implemented by an adjustable ventilation grille in a ventilation aperture, such as an adjustable vane. The ventilation grille can be two-positioned, i.e. the ventilation grid has exactly two possible states, such as partially or completely closed, or partially or completely open, or the ventilation grille can be stepped or smoothly moved between extreme states, i.e. the ventilation grille can have more than two possible states. In a hydronic HVAC system or in an electric resistive heating system, the adjustable damper can be implemented by an adjustable regulator, similar to which is used with an air-based HVAC system to control the air flow near a heat exchanger, such as a radiator. Optionally or alternatively, a hydronic adjustable damper can be implemented by a valve to control the flow of water, steam or other fluid.

[0045] Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and systems for controlling HVAC systems in a distributed manner. In various embodiments, such control is achieved by providing intelligent ventilation grids with controllers that operate on the peer-to-peer path. Fig. 1 shows a general schematic of an air-based HVAC control system 100 (included within a dashed line) that includes elements and which carries out processes as appropriate to an embodiment of the present invention. However, as will be described below, other embodiments of the present invention use similar elements and similar principles to control other types of HVAC systems, such as hydronic heating systems or resistive electric heating systems.

As shown in FIG. 1, the heater, heat pump, cooler and / or other device or combination of devices 103 heats or cools the air, which is then moved through the HVAC system thanks to the blower 106. (The blower 106 may be connected to the entrance than with the output, devices 103 for heating / cooling). Traditional thermostat 108 and conventional HVAC control unit 109 supervise heating / cooling device 103 and blower 106. Optionally, or alternatively, air can be filtered and / or replaced with outside air, and so on (not shown). To simplify the explanation, the air referred to here is treated as "air-conditioned", i.e. heated, cooled, and the like. [0047] The air-conditioned air is guided by a series of ventilation ducts 110 for a plurality of HVAC ventilation openings, such as supply ventilation grates 113, 116, 120 and 128. Of course, there may be more or less supply grids, and more or less a complex installation of ventilation ducts than the ones shown in Fig. 1. The ventilation gratings 113-120 and 128 may be located at various places in the building, e.g. in the walls of the rooms of the house, in the walls or ceilings of the corridors or in the ceilings of the office building. One or more supply air grates 113-120 and 128 may be located in a particular room. Each supply grille 113-120 and 128 may supply conditioned air to a corresponding region. Return ventilation grilles 123, 126 and 129 and the associated return duct 130 return air to the heating / cooling device 103. Of course, there may be other quantities of return ventilation grilles and more or less complex installation of return ventilation ducts.

[0048] One or more of the supply air grates 113-120 and 128 may include a corresponding controller 133, 136 and 140 of the intelligent ventilation grid. Each controller 133-140 of the ventilation grille controls the adjustable throttle to control the amount of air-conditioned air that the corresponding supply grille 113120 allows in the corresponding area. In addition, each controller 133-140 of the ventilation grille measures the temperature of the corresponding region.

[0049] Optionally, one or more return ventilation grates 123-129 also comprise a ventilation grid controller 143 and 146 that controls the corresponding amount of air allowed to be taken from the corresponding region, back to the HVAC system. Grille 113-120 and 123 -126, which is equipped with a ventilation grille controller, can be referred to here as: "Intelligently controlled ventilation grille" or simply as a "controlled ventilation grille".

[0050] The amount of air that is allowed to flow through the ventilation grid 113-126 can be controlled by a convenient mechanism, such as a motor-driven blade or a set of blades in a ventilation grid. Each controller 133-146 of a controlled ventilation grille controls the corresponding blade (blades).

[0051] The controllable ventilation grates 113-126 and the controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grilles, however, are not centrally controlled. Furthermore, controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grilles do not necessarily have to be connected to the heating / cooling system thermostat 108, the blower 106, the HVAC system control unit 109 or the heating / cooling device 103. The 133-146 ventilation grilles form a wireless communication network, with which the 133-146 ventilation grilles (and optionally other components of the HVAC control system 100, collectively referred to as "nodes" of the network) can provide information to other controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grid in this network.

the calculated amounts of air required to be delivered or removed by other ventilation grids to change the temperature of the corresponding regions to the desired temperature, change the state of the battery supplying the ventilation grid controller 133146 or a combination thereof. Based on this determination of the amount of required air-conditioned air, each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille automatically determines when to start the corresponding throttle and the range to which the adjustable throttle should be opened or closed, and controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille activates the adjustable throttle. It should be noted that the adjustable damper grille can only be open for part of the time the blower 106 is operating. changing the state of the battery supplying the ventilation grid controller 133146 or their combination. Based on this determination of the amount of required air-conditioned air, each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille automatically determines when to start the corresponding throttle and the range to which the adjustable throttle should be opened or closed, and controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille activates the adjustable throttle. It should be noted that the adjustable damper grille can only be open for part of the time the blower 106 is operating. changing the state of the battery supplying the ventilation grid controller 133146 or their combination. Based on this determination of the amount of required air-conditioned air, each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille automatically determines when to start the corresponding throttle and the range to which the adjustable throttle should be opened or closed, and controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille activates the adjustable throttle. It should be noted that the adjustable damper grille can only be open for part of the time the blower 106 is operating. each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid automatically determines when to start the corresponding throttle and the range to which the adjustable throttle should be opened or closed, and the controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille activates the adjustable throttle. It should be noted that the adjustable damper grille can only be open for part of the time the blower 106 is operating. each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid automatically determines when to start the corresponding throttle and the range to which the adjustable throttle should be opened or closed, and the controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille activates the adjustable throttle. It should be noted that the adjustable damper grille can only be open for part of the time the blower 106 is operating.

[0053] Each node may base its action on at least part of the information about one or more (ideally all) other nodes in the network. Thus, the controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grilles (and optionally other nodes) of the network together control the amount of conditioned air introduced into each region. This control function is distributed over the entire network of intelligently controlled ventilation grilles. Importantly, this control function does not use a central controller. This means that no central controller prescribes any ventilation grille how and when to control the throttle controlled by it. None of the 133-146 ventilation grilles is the "master" that controls other controllers of the ventilation grille. Remote control unit 150-153 (described in more detail below) or a central node, such as computer 156, may provide information about desired temperatures, retrace times, and the like. However, by sending such information, the remote control unit 150-153 or the computer 156 does not issue commands to the ventilation grid controller 133-146 to open or close the throttle controlled by it. Instead, the ventilation grid controllers 133-146 use this information as a component of their calculations leading to determining when and how to control the corresponding adjustable dampers. the remote control unit 150-153 or the computer 156 does not command the controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid to open or close the throttle controlled by it. Instead, the ventilation grid controllers 133-146 use this information as a component of their calculations leading to determining when and how to control the corresponding adjustable dampers. the remote control unit 150-153 or the computer 156 does not command the controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid to open or close the throttle controlled by it. Instead, the ventilation grid controllers 133-146 use this information as a component of their calculations leading to determining when and how to control the corresponding adjustable dampers.

[0054] Each ventilation grid controller 133-146 includes a wireless transceiver device that allows the ventilation grid controller 133-146 to wirelessly connect to other ventilation grid controllers 133-146 in neighboring ventilation grates 113-126. Ventilation ducts 110 and 130 may act as waveguides to carry wireless signals, or otherwise provide wireless communication between the ventilation grid 133-146 controllers. Nevertheless, all 133-146 ventilation grilles may not be able to directly connect to all other 133-146 ventilation grilles due to limitations on transmit power, the distance they face, electromagnetic interference (EMI), battery charge level, and the like. Therefore, each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid transmits data that it receives from other controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grid to yet other controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grilles. Thus, each ventilating controller 133-146 may ultimately receive information about any other ventilation grid controller 133-146 in the HVAC control system 100, although not necessarily directly from the ventilation grid controller to which this information relates.

[0055] Any number (including zero) of manual remote control units, exemplified by the remote control units 150 and 153, may be used. These remote control units wirelessly connect to the ventilation grilles 133-146 in nearby ventilation grates 113-126, although communication between the remote control unit 150-153 and the ventilation grid controller 133-146 may require a different medium (such as light based communication; infrared, or radio frequency (RF) communications) or other frequencies than those for communication between the ventilation grid 133-146 controllers. Each remote control unit 150-153 includes a keypad and a display by which the user can command the HVAC control system 100 or its component, to change the parameter, such as the desired temperature in the area where the user is located. Optionally, one or more remote control units 150-153 may be mounted in fixed locations, e.g. on walls, in a building.

[0056] Optionally, one or more network thermostats, illustrated by the example of a network thermostat 160, may be included in the HVAC control system 100. The network thermostat 160 may be installed in a region, e.g. on a room wall, to allow the user to directly set the desired temperature or thermal program for the surrounding area. Just like ventilation grilles, thermostats automatically detect and connect to an existing network, but unlike ventilation grilles, they never form a new network. The basic function of the network thermostat is to notify these ventilation grilles about the needs of the system user, and to provide sufficient information about its environment, so that the ventilation grid can determine whether it has to use information about the set value. E.g, the network thermostat can save and report to the network periods of rapid increase or decrease in the level of illumination, most likely caused by someone switching on the light or opening the door or by window blinds. Each ventilation grid that applies to the same environmental changes can then assume that it is near the thermostat and should use the temperature set by this thermostat as its target temperature. The network thermostat 160 may be powered by a solar cell and / or by a conventional battery exchangeable by the user. Each ventilation grid that applies to the same environmental changes can then assume that it is near the thermostat and should use the temperature set by this thermostat as its target temperature. The network thermostat 160 may be powered by a solar cell and / or by a conventional battery exchangeable by the user. Each ventilation grid that applies to the same environmental changes can then assume that it is near the thermostat and should use the temperature set by this thermostat as its target temperature. The network thermostat 160 may be powered by a solar cell and / or by a conventional battery exchangeable by the user.

[0057] Optionally, one or more network thermostats shown in the example of a network thermostat 163 may be connected to (or substituted) a thermostat 108. Optionally, or alternatively, a network thermostat 163 may be connected to a controller 109 HVAC, or a network thermostat 163 it may be connected to the HVAC system in a different way. In each of these cases, the network thermostat 163 may control the operation of the heating / cooling device 103 and / or blower 106. For example, if one region is warmer than needed, while another region is cooler than needed, then the HVAC control system 100 may move some of the air from the warm area to the cold area by opening adjustable throttles in the appropriate regions, closing other adjustable throttles and causing that the blower 106 works (but not the heating / cooling device 103). One or more return ventilation grates 123-126 can be opened near the area from which the air is to be displaced, while the adjustable return air grates located around other regions can be closed and one or more supply grids ventilation 113-120 located near the region to which the air is to be displaced can be opened while the adjustable supply grilles located around this area can be closed. The network thermostat that is electrically connected to the thermostat 108, and the like can be powered by the HVAC system, and therefore does not require the need to connect a solar cell.

[0058] As noted, the controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grilles receive information about other ventilation grid controllers 133-146. Using this information, as well as information about the desired temperature in the area served by the controller 133-146 of the ventilation grille, the ventilation grid controller 133-146 determines the desired operation of the adjustable throttle in the corresponding controlled ventilation grate, and the ventilation grate 133-146 actuates the servo, such as stepper motor and position sensor, so as to cause the desired throttle operation. Thus, the ventilation grid controller 133-146 controls the amount of conditioned air introduced into or out of its area in order to meet (to the extent that as long as the ability of the heating / cooling device 103 and the blower 106, and environmental conditions and the like) allows the required temperature to be met. In the absence of information from any device 150-153 for remote control, from computer 156 or from 160-163 network thermostats for the desired temperature, controllers 133-146 of ventilation grilles can operate so as to equalize temperatures in all regions. Thus, when installing a single traditional 108 HVAC thermostat that is not connected to a network of thermostats, the addition of only these controlled ventilation grates 113-126 can work to compensate for the temperature in all rooms of the house. This property alone provides a significant improvement in the level of comfort and energy savings (by avoiding overheating one,

Installation [0059] One or more components of the HVAC control system 100 may be installed in a new HVAC system, or one or more elements of the HVAC control system 100 may be upgrading the existing system. In each of these cases, additional components of the HVAC control system 100 can be installed later.

[0060] After it has been installed, each new element attempts to connect to other components of the HVAC control system 100 that are within range of the transceiver device of the newly installed component. Then, the newly installed element recognizes which, if any, of these other elements are part of the same HVAC system as the newly installed element. (Note that there may be components installed in unrelated HVAC systems that are within wireless coverage, such as HVAC systems in nearby homes, or other floors of a multi-storey building, and the newly installed item should ignore these unrelated items .) The process of finding other elements is described in the context of installing a ventilation grille controller,

[0061] The newly installed ventilation grid controller 133-146 monitors the communication of other ventilation grid controllers that are within range of the transceiver device of the newly installed ventilation grate controller. By comparing the environmental data received from the recognized network, such as the time in which the airflow begins and ends, with its own measurements, the ventilation grid determines whether it should or should not join this network. Elements with photovoltaic cells can, optionally or alternatively, record periods in which the intensity of lighting (presumably due to visible sunlight or artificial lighting) is high or low and correlate the detected lighting level patterns with other light sensitive elements as described more detailed below. If the detected network is in the same environment as the new ventilation grid, it joins the network. Controllers 133-146 of the ventilation grilles can routinely send information about their own air flow times, lighting level patterns, and the like, or controllers 133-146 of ventilation grilles can be interrogated from this information by a newly installed ventilation grill controller.

[0062] Similarly, network thermostats 160-163 should experience ambient changes that are in good correlation with the surrounding ventilation grids.

[0063] Although in some embodiments, the elements use time dependencies of air flows or temperature changes to allow automatic detection of other elements, this automatic detection may be based on time dependencies of other environmental changes, such as humidity or lighting. For example, as indicated below, controlled ventilation grilles may include photovoltaic cells to power the ventilation grid controllers 133-146. Using time dependencies and the power of signals from these solar cells, controllers 133-146 of ventilation grilles can correlate periods in which relatively strong light, such as sunlight, illuminates photovoltaic cells, or periods in which relatively low light, such as artificial lighting from internal lamps,

[0064] If the newly installed ventilation grid 133-146 driver fails to find a network using the same HVAC system, then the newly installed air grill controller 133-146 creates a new network and operates independently until another controller 133-146 of the grilles or network the 160-163 thermostat, which is part of the same HVAC system, will not enter the range, and joins this network. Network thermostats 160-163 perform similar operations after they have been installed.

[0065] For this reason, each ventilating controller 133-146 and the network thermostat 160-163 are, in fact, self-installing, in that they do not require the user's participation in the interconnection of the ventilation grilles 133-146 or 160-163 network thermostats with each other. The user only has to set up the ventilation grilles and thermostats where they need them. The HVAC control system 100 allows incremental expansion; elements can be added at any time, and not all ventilation grilles must be equipped with a ventilation grille controller. Consequently, the building owner can install ventilation grilles in several selected locations, such as rooms that are chronically too warm or too cold to increase comfort in these areas. In a different variant, the building owner can install 133-146 ventilation grilles in places that are often unoccupied, thus saving energy by minimizing the amount of conditioned air supplied to these areas. While the installation of 133-146 ventilation grids in a number smaller than the number of all ventilation grids of the HVAC system may not be optimal, this installation can provide the greatest savings or increase in comfort in relation to the inputs, i.e. the cost of controlled ventilation grilles.

Intelligent ventilation grille controller The main functions of the intelligent grille controller 133-146 are: dynamic control of the allowed amount of air to pass through the related ventilation grate 113-126, measurement of the air temperature in the associated region (room), temperature measurement air in the associated ventilation duct, recognition, communication, and coordination with other elements of the network, maintaining the clock / calendar, generating electricity for the operation of the ventilation grille controller, and maintaining communication with one or more 150-156 remote control units .

[0067] Fig. 2 shows a perspective front view of an exemplary ventilation grid 200. Most of the cover 203 of the ventilation grid 200 may be covered, or be made of photovoltaic cells in the form of solar cells 206. To show the status information, an indicator may be attached, such as a diode LED 210. The circuit board 213 may be attached to a rear portion or other convenient portion of the ventilation grid 200. The circuit board 213 includes a processor, power circuits, and the like as described herein.

[0068] Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of the back of the ventilation grille 200. The adjustable throttle, illustrated here by two counter-rotating blades 300 and 303, is connected to the vent card 200 to control the air flow through the ventilation grille 200. The adjustable throttle can be controlled by a servomechanism, such as a stepper motor and a position sensor (which can not be seen). The adjustable damper may be constructed to maintain its position, e.g. by friction, without using the power between moments when the positions of the blades 300 and 303 are changed by the servo motor 306. A multi-pole motor, such as a stepper motor, can be used. The natural magnetic latches provided by the poles can be used to maintain the adjustable throttle at rest. The position of the adjustable throttle can be manually adjusted by the user, for example by means of a thumbwheel (which is not shown) in case the driver of the ventilation grid fails. The return ventilation grates 123-126 should be equipped with adjustable dampers whose failure status is open so that in the event of failure of such a ventilation grille, the air can still be returned through this ventilation grille.

[0069] Fig. 4 shows a different perspective view of the back of the ventilation grid 200 on which the printed circuit 213 is more clearly visible. Fig. 5 shows a perspective view with the components in the ventilation grille 200. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the transparent front cover 500 is shielded. photovoltaic cells 206. The perforated shutter 503 dissipates the air flowing through the ventilation grille 200. The servo drive motor 506 is visible in fig. 5.

[0070] Fig. 6 shows a general block diagram of one of the intelligently controlled ventilation grids 133-146. The ventilation grille controller may be implemented in the form of electronic components located on or connected to the circuit board 213. The photovoltaic cells 206 are connected to the power supply 600, which is described in more detail below. The power supply 600 may include a rechargeable battery, a super capacitor or other suitable energy storage device to power the remaining circuits when the photovoltaic cells 206 are insufficiently illuminated to directly supply these circuits. The grille controller may connect to other network nodes via a wireless transceiver 603, such as an RF radio transceiver.

[0071] A transceiver transmitting apparatus 606 using infrared (IR) radiation (or in some cases only a receiver or transmitter) uses wireless communication between the controller of the ventilation grille and the remote control unit 150-153. One or more temperature sensors 610, such as one or more thermistors, silicon diodes, or any other suitable components responsive to temperature change, are arranged to be exposed to the air flowing through the ventilation grille 200. The controller 613 controls operation of other components of the ventilation grille controller. The controller 613 may be embodied in the form of a processor 620 executing instructions stored in memory 622. Clock 626 allows the controller 613 to track time and date,

[0072] In order to minimize energy consumption, the deflector should maintain its position without using energy. In addition, the user should be able to manually adjust the position of the deflector in case of failure of the ventilation grille. In one embodiment, a multi-pole motor, such as a stepper motor, drives a deflector without a gear. The natural properties of the magnetic pawl of such a motor can be used to keep the deflector in place. Deflector, motor and handwheel can be on a common axis. In the case of multifilament blades that can be used to reduce the depth of the ventilation grid, one blade can be on a common axis, and the remaining blades can be driven by gears or a transfer system.

[0073] In order to reduce the number of parts, cabling and the cost of driving a deflector with a stepping motor, the motor part and the position sensing device can be mounted on the main circuit board. The motor winding can be mounted on a printed circuit board, and poles of permanent magnets can be attached to the axis. A hole (galvanized through) in the printed circuit board can provide axle bearings to keep the engine parts aligned. The position sensor can also be part of the printed circuit board. The capacitance sensor can be in the form of contacts on the printed circuit board and rotating segmented contacts attached to the axis. The movable pole of the permanent magnet can have the shape of a hub that surrounds the disk-shaped coil element placed on the printed circuit board, or rotating poles with permanent magnets can be located in the center of the fixed ring of the coil subassembly. In each of these cases, the movable contacts of the capacitor can be attached to the pole subassembly. The capacitor covers, or the entire deflector-axis subassembly, can be elastically fixed to force their contact with the printed circuit board, and one of the covers (fixed or movable) can be covered with a thin insulator. Mobile covers can be activated by a fixed contact segment on the printed circuit board, so that no cabling is required for the moving parts. and one of the covers (fixed or mobile) can be covered with a thin insulator. Mobile covers can be activated by a fixed contact segment on the printed circuit board, so that no cabling is required for the moving parts. and one of the covers (fixed or mobile) can be covered with a thin insulator. Mobile covers can be activated by a fixed contact segment on the printed circuit board, so that no cabling is required for the moving parts.

[0074] The deflector may be manually adjusted using a wheel on the axis of the deflector which has a sufficient diameter so that the edge of the deflector protrudes through the slit in the cover of the ventilation grid. The axis from the deflector to this wheel may be slightly flexible, so that pressing this wheel in the cover of the ventilation grille (caused, for example, by someone stepping on the ventilation grid), does not cause damage.

Clock [0075] Each controller of the ventilation grid 113-146 maintains a series of clock times and a series of states associated with these times. The most basic time in each controller of the ventilation grid 113-146 is the time unit clock (UT). This is a counter that is initialized to zero when the ventilation grille controller 113-146 is manufactured, and is increased by a fixed value as long as the processor 620 of the grille controller is turned on. This time has sufficient resolution to record the time of events with the accuracy as needed, for example with an accuracy of 1/256 second. The battery log for this time has a sufficient number of bits, for example 40 bits, so that it does not overflow during the life span of the ventilation grille controller. If the 620 processor detects,

[0076] As part of the state for this clock, three other values ​​are saved. One value is the current UT state: Restoring or Applicable. This status bit is set to "Restore" since the component saves the UT while preparing for total shutdown, due to the low power level until the power is restored and the summation resumes. When UT is working again, its state is changed to "Applicable". The second status data is UT at the previous power failure or Last Crash Unit Time (LCUT). This value is initialized during production to zero and is set to the value of saved UT when UT is restarted, and in fact it can be a value in non-volatile memory saved at the moment of power failure. The time from the last power failure can be calculated by subtracting the LCUT from the current UT. The processor can make sure that the saved UT value is valid as a measure of time elapsed by checking if this value is greater than LCUT. The third value is the counter of the number of times the LCUT has been changed, i.e. the number of processor failures due to a power failure. This last value is used to determine whether the ventilation grate controller has frequent power failures, and maybe it should be replaced with a solar-powered version for a light and wind or external ventilation grilles controller. The third value is the counter of the number of times the LCUT has been changed, i.e. the number of processor failures due to a power failure. This last value is used to determine whether the ventilation grate controller has frequent power failures, and maybe it should be replaced with a solar-powered version for a light and wind or external ventilation grilles controller. The third value is the counter of the number of times the LCUT has been changed, i.e. the number of processor failures due to a power failure. This last value is used to determine whether the ventilation grate controller has frequent power failures, and maybe it should be replaced with a solar-powered version for a light and wind or external ventilation grilles controller.

[0077] The second "time" that the ventilation grid controller maintains is the network time (NT). There is, in fact, a relationship between UT and time consistent among other elements of the network. It is set to the UT of the oldest network element. Each component of the network maintains a marked value which, when added to its UT, gives the NT and status value, which is set to Valid after the ventilation grid joins the network and receives or gives its NT. In order to prevent incompatibilities in NT when a new component joins the network, there is a process that in the first place has NT set as non-obligatory for all network components. This process then distributes the new NT, from which each network component calculates its correction value, and then this process sets NT as valid.

[0078] The last time that maintains the controller of the ventilation grid is real time. It is also maintained as an offset to UT and state. This offset is a number that must be added to the UT to give the local real time in seconds from a predetermined time such as the beginning of the year 2000. This value has at least two possible states: valid and not binding. This state is initialized as not binding and restored as non-obligatory in the event of any failure. This state is set to be valid when the controller of the grilles is notified at local time by the remote control unit 150-153 or by another network node.

[0079] By using the temperature sensor 610, the controller of the ventilation grid can check what temperature the conditioned air supplied to the region has. In addition, the controller of the ventilation grille can check the speed of supplied air, for example by forcing the flow of a specific electric current for a short time through the thermistor, thereby heating the thermistor above the temperature of the conditioned air, and then measuring the amount of time required for the temperature of the thermistor to drop a predetermined value, such as half the difference between the heating temperature and the temperature of the air flowing.

[0080] The relationship between the air flow rate and the temperature drop as a function of time can be determined experimentally or algorithmically using the known characteristics of this thermistor. Data showing this relationship or pairs of temperature drop-rate values ​​can be stored in a table, e.g. in the controller 613 memory 622. Optionally or alternatively, this relationship can be stored as a mathematical function in memory 622. This table or function can be used for calculating the air flow rate based on the time of temperature drop.

[0081] After the blower 106 has stopped working, and enough time has elapsed that the temperatures within the ventilation grid stabilize within the region, the temperature sensor 610 may be used to measure the temperature of the region, thereby eliminating or reducing the need for a thermometer in this area.

[0082] Optionally, or alternatively, the air conditioning flow rate may be measured by another sensor (which is not shown), such as two electrically conductive contacts. One of the contacts may be mounted on the circuit board 213, and another may be attached to the flexible blade in the path of the flow of the conditioned air. When air-conditioned air flows, it deflects this elastic blade by a quantity proportional to the air flow rate. The controller 613 measures the capacity between the two contacts when air-conditioned air flows and when it does not flow. The difference between the measurements of these two capacities indicates the magnitude of the elastic deflection of the blade, and therefore, the air flow coefficient.

[0083] Thus, the controller 613 can check three pieces of information: region temperature, temperature of the conditioned air and air-conditioning flow rate.

[0084] By checking the air flow in short intervals, the controller 613 can measure the amount of time the heating / cooling device 103 and / or blower 106, i.e. the "operating time" of the HVAC system, operates. However, all of the controlled ventilation grilles 112-126 experience air flows almost at the same time. For this reason, all controllers 133-146 of ventilation grilles do not have to carry out their own HVAC system time measurements. Instead, only one or a small number of 133-146 ventilation grilles must perform HVAC system time measurements at a certain point, and time information can then be provided to other 133-146 grid ventilation units in the network. Controllers 133-146 of ventilation grids that do not measure the operation time of the HVAC system may be able to go into a reduced power mode, thereby saving energy. The task of measuring the HVAC system operation time can be assigned cyclically (on a round-robin basis) between the ventilation grid controllers 133146. Optionally, or alternatively, this assignment can be modified to only, or more use, controllers 133-146 having the largest energy reserves (i.e., the highest levels of their batteries). [0085] The operating time of the HVAC system and information on the differences between the temperatures supplied to the regions of conditioned air and the temperature in these regions can be used by one, or a larger number of nodes in the network to calculate the amount of energy provided by the ventilation grilles 112-126. If the energy consumed by the HVAC system is also known, then the performance of the HVAC system can be calculated. The energy consumed by the HVAC system can be provided by the user, for example by entering data on the basis of energy bills. Alternatively, if the energy consumption indicators (e.g. kilowatt indicators of the air conditioning unit) of the HVAC system components, i.e. the heating / cooling device 103 and the blowers 106 are known, then the amount of energy used by the HVAC system can be calculated by multiplying the energy consumption index by the amount of time the elements of the HVAC system work. then the performance of the HVAC system can be calculated. The energy consumed by the HVAC system can be provided by the user, for example by entering data on the basis of energy bills. Alternatively, if the energy consumption indicators (e.g. kilowatt indicators of the air conditioning unit) of the HVAC system components, i.e. the heating / cooling device 103 and the blowers 106 are known, then the amount of energy used by the HVAC system can be calculated by multiplying the energy consumption index by the amount of time the elements of the HVAC system work. then the performance of the HVAC system can be calculated. The energy consumed by the HVAC system can be provided by the user, for example by entering data on the basis of energy bills. Alternatively, if the energy consumption indicators (e.g. kilowatt indicators of the air conditioning unit) of the HVAC system components, i.e. the heating / cooling device 103 and the blowers 106 are known, then the amount of energy used by the HVAC system can be calculated by multiplying the energy consumption index by the amount of time the elements of the HVAC system work.

[0086] Even if the amount of energy consumed by the HVAC system is not known, the respective supply capacities of the conditioned air for different regions, for example by specific ventilation grates 113-120, can be calculated by network nodes. If one or more of the 112-120 ventilation regions or grilles perform less efficiently than others, the node may notify the user, e.g. by sending a message to the remote control unit 150 or 153, or by illuminating the indicator 210 on the ventilation grilles 200. This may warn the user to improve the thermal insulation of this area or to reduce the penetration of external air into this region. Optionally or alternatively, the user can be informed about decisions regarding maintaining heating or cooling of this area, in the light of the amount of use that this area receives, related to the amount of energy used to heat or cool this area. Similarly, the region's rapid decline in performance may be due to the window being left open, and the user may be notified in a similar manner.

[0087] Optionally, each controlled ventilation grate 113-126 may be provided with a thermal infrared sensor 212 (Figures 2, 5 and 6), positioned and directed to have a view of the region served by the controlled ventilation grate 113-126. This sensor measures black body radiation from the nearest solid object in front of it. The infrared sensor 212 receives radiation through the window in the cover

500 of the ventilation grid 200, so if the ventilation grid 200 is mounted in the floor, then the infrared sensor 212 can measure the ceiling temperature. This measurement can be correlated with the measurement of the room air temperature by the temperature sensor 610. Using this correlation, the temperature associated with infrared radiation can be used to calculate the air temperature in this region, even if the air passes through the ventilation grid 200.

[0088] The presence information in the region can be advantageously used by the power saving controller 613 by supplying a smaller than usual amount of conditioned air to a region that is not occupied for some time. The controller 613 may use one or more ways to check the occupancy of the area. For example, the infrared sensor 212 may be used to detect when a person or animal briefly passes in front of the ventilation grid 200. Optionally, or alternatively, the solar cells 206 may be used to detect whether the room's lighting is on, which may indicate this that the room is busy. The shadow, for example the shadow caused by a passing person who has briefly passed before the solar cells 206 may also indicate that the area is occupied. In some cases, opening or closing the door to the area changes the airflow from or to the area. Thus, the change in the air flow through the controlled ventilation grilles 113-126, not caused by the controller 613 that changes the air flow through the air control blades 300-303, may indicate that the person has entered or left the region.

[0089] Optionally, or alternatively, remote control unit 150-153 may be used by a person to indicate that the area is busy. For example, the remote control unit 150-153 may have a button that when pressed indicates that the area is busy. In addition, receiving commands, such as setting the desired temperature, or withdrawal time, issued within the region can be used to infer that this region is busy. Lack of any indication of occupancy for several minutes may indicate that the area is not busy.

[0090] Artificial light can be distinguished from sunlight by a relatively low level of illumination provided by artificial lights, and a sudden increase or decrease in the level of illumination when the lamp is turned on or off, compared to gradually increasing or decreasing the level of illumination during sunrise or sunset, rising moon or sunset moon. Thus, the time of day may be automatically distinguished from the time of the night, even if the clock 626 is not set. Even without the clock 626 set, the 133-146 ventilation grilles can share their information about the detection of bright light, and therefore measure the number of hours of the day.

[0091] If system clock 626 has been set, the controller 613 can set the sunrise and sunset times by recording periods when strong light begins to shine on the solar cells 206, and when strong light stops shining on solar cells 206. Thus, contractual zones can be created. time, in which the noon is set for a time corresponding to the detected brightest average level of illumination, or alternatively for half between sunrise and sunset, during a series of 24-hour periods.

[0092] The infrared thermal sensor 212 may also be used to measure the amount of infrared radiation of the surrounding environment in the region. The level of thermal radiation of the infrared surroundings is an important component of the level of comfort. By measuring both the air temperature and the infrared thermal level, the network can maintain a higher level of comfort. For example, controlled ventilation grilles 113-120 can provide less heated air to areas with significant amounts of infrared thermal radiation, such as from windows, thereby achieving energy savings.

Power Supply [0093] As noted, photovoltaic cells 206 provide electrical power to a ventilation grate controller. Optionally, or alternatively, a fan (not shown) placed in a stream of flowing air can be used to drive the generator (which is not shown). The fan should be placed so that it never closes the adjustable throttle, or so that it stops only when the damper is close to closing. Optionally, a basic battery (not shown) and / or an external power supply (not shown) may be used.

[0094] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a power supply 600. Energy is provided by solar cells Vl-Vn 206 and / or a generator powered by a fan fan. DC constant current input can also be provided so that an external power source can be used. D1 and D2 diodes connect power from an external source and from photovoltaic cells (and / or a generator powered by a fan fan) to the capacitor C1. Resistors R1 and R2 are voltage dividers supplied from an external power source to a level permissible for the U4 microprocessor to allow distinguishing between the two sources. The voltage at C1 is applied to the pulse power converter U1. The converter provides a current output that is supplied to B1-Bn batteries. The current supplied to the B1-Bn batteries is controlled, via the U1 pulse converter, via the U4 microprocessor. The U4 microprocessor can also supervise the current entering and leaving the B1-Bn batteries via the R3 resistor and the U2 amplifier. The U4 microprocessor can therefore maximize the current entering the batteries, thereby optimizing the use of the solar cell power output for any level of illumination.

[0095] The resistors R4 and R5 divide the voltage from the batteries B1-Bn to a level permissible for the microprocessor U4. The U4 microprocessor can therefore measure both voltage and current levels in B1-Bn batteries in order to optimize battery charging.

[0096] The energy from the B1-Bn batteries is supplied directly to the servo motor and to the pulse power converter U3, which provides a stabilized voltage for the U4 microprocessor and other circuits in the controller grill. Because the U4 microprocessor can check the battery voltage B1-Bn, the U4 microprocessor can adequately compensate for motor control signals. The output of the power inverter U3 is connected to a large capacitor C2, which allows the microprocessor U4 to turn off the U3 converter most of the time, reducing the energy consumption of the U3 inverter. Other trip circuits (which are not shown) allow the U4 microprocessor to save extra energy by switching devices only when needed. This layout is also designed so

Network [0097] The goal of the network is to save energy and increase comfort. The network achieves these goals in a number of ways, some of which are summarized in Table 1.

Network objectives Table 1

Maintains the desired temperature in all areas (by controlling the amount of conditioned air supplied to each area Measures the temperature more accurately and includes the IR background

Eliminates or limits overheating or overcoating of all areas of the house.

Simplifies the user-initiated temperature undo in selected areas

Simplifies limiting the heating / cooling of the whole house at certain times

Allows you to undo when the room is not occupied

Reduces the losses associated with excessive pressure in the ventilation ducts

Encourages or causes air to flow from overheated (overcoated) areas to underheated (insufficiently chilled) areas only by using a HVAC blower

Alerts you about energy losses caused by open doors or windows. Identifies areas that require improved isolation or reduced inflow

Measures total system performance thereby facilitating the decision to modernize [0098] Although the ventilation grids 113-146 have been described as having an RF transceiver device for communication with other network nodes, other forms of wireless connectivity may be used, such as like ultrasonic or infrared. Each network node has a unique communication address assigned during production and used for point-to-point communication. This address can also be used as the serial number of the node. All nodes also have a common (broadcast) address to which all components correspond. [0099] One use of the common address is to allow the remote control units 150-153 to discover the unique address of any network node. This is done by directing the remote control unit 150-153 to the node and sending the command from the remote control unit 150-153 via the RF transceiver device located in the remote control unit to all nodes, where the command causes the nodes to transmit their unique addresses via their transmitting and receiving devices 606 operating in the infrared band (Figure 6). The remote control unit has a transceiver device 816 operating in the infrared band (Figure 8) which is directional and receives only this optical signal from that node to which the remote control unit 150-153 is directed. As soon as the remote control unit receives the unique node address, it can connect to this node via a conventional wireless RF network. The optical path can be used to determine that the user of the remote control unit is still pointing at the same element for all subsequent calls, but in that case a single flash of light from only that node indicated by the remote control unit is sufficient to confirm that the correct light has been indicated. node. If the remote control unit fails to detect this flash, it will repeat the address finding procedure.

[0100] The remote control unit allows the user to select a subassembly of the network by directing the remote control to him like a pistol, but avoids expenditure for a separate fully bi-directional optical fast communication system for each controlled ventilation grille. The proposed system only requires the addition of a single LED, which can be used for other functions, such as, for example, to indicate to the owner that the controlled ventilation grille is working properly. While the remote control unit must have a light sensor, it must only support low speed communication that can be activated by the microprocessor, without the need for additional dedicated equipment.

[0101] In some embodiments, the node returns its unique address by light. In other embodiments, other systems may be used. For example, since the remote control unit 150-153 typically has a list of all addresses in the system 100, it can sequentially command each one to flash its LED (visible or IR) until the remote control unit detects this flash. During installation, if the remote control unit has not yet obtained a list of unique component addresses, it can use the broadcast address to detect all nodes in range, not all of which must be in the local system 100. However, using the optical feedback from the node allows using the "point to select" mode.

[0102] Each network node has several states, and among them are: New (never installed); Detection (installed in the HVAC system, but still detecting other components); and Installed. When the controlled ventilation grate 113-126 is installed in the air duct, the controlled grille 113-126 will finally detect an air flow that is either warmer or cooler than the ambient temperature in the region. The ventilation grille controller writes (relative) time (UT) when air flow begins and ends. The existence of hot or cold air passing through a ventilation grille indicates that a controlled ventilation grille has been installed in the HVAC system. Then, the controlled ventilation grille switches to the detection mode. The controlled ventilation grille sends a request to a common address to all units within the communication range to respond with their unique addresses. The request is accompanied by its own, unique address of the newly installed ventilation grille controller. Alternatively, the new unit may monitor all the frequencies used by the ventilation grilles, and when appropriate, attach a request to be connected to the network at the end of normal network transmission. In each of these cases, the unit joins a network that appears to belong to the same HVAC system. As noted, this can be obtained by comparing the times that were recorded by both nodes on the last turn of air flow on and off. If these times are approximately equal, for example within about three seconds,

[0103] The network includes all nodes that have set their states to indicate that they are in the same network. The network may have an Identification Number which is conventional but unique. One of the ways to ensure uniqueness for the network ID is to use the unique address of any unit in this network, for example, the first ventilation grille controller in this network. This node is called the "oldest" component and is the basis of network time, so that NT is identical to the UT of this node.

[0104] The node may be removed from the network node list for any of several reasons. For example, if a node has not connected to any node of this network for a significant time, such as a day or so, then the network can mark this non-connecting node that it is no longer part of the network. This can happen if the ventilation grille is removed from the HVAC system. If any node in the network is recognized as an element of another network, it is deleted as part of this network. If the ventilation grille controller records the on and off times of the HVAC system as significantly different from the on / off times of the consensus, then the controller of the grilles will be removed from the grid.

[0105] If for any reason the "oldest" node is no longer a component of the network, it is possible that it will become the "oldest" component of another network. In order to maintain non-inventiveness, the network changes its ID to the unique address of another component, such as numerically the smallest ID among the remaining nodes. The NT offset does not have to be changed, so the time may remain consistent within the network.

[0106] The controlled ventilation grate 113-126 can also be assumed to have been installed if it detects an airflow threshold level. The requirement to detect hot or cold air and airflow can reduce faulty installation attempts. However, incorrect installation attempts cause minor damage, it is only possible to attempt the installation based on the air flow. The controlled ventilation grate 113-126 should not attempt to install itself until it receives a relatively full power supply and does not detect the full cycle of the blower with minimal duration (e.g. longer than one minute) so that it can determine whether it is on the same system as other units that it detects.

[0107] There are several ways to determine whether two nodes are in the same system 100, but they all rely on the detection of similarities in the corresponding surroundings. The "On" and "Off" times for the air flow are good indicators for the controlled ventilation grates 113-126. To recognize the 160-163 network thermostat, temperature fluctuations in time may correlate, which should ideally correlate with the nearby controlled ventilation grate 113-126. As soon as the ventilation grille controller is recognized, all other system nodes can be discovered by the ventilation grille controller. In the case of a 160-163 network thermostat, there may be a minimum temperature correlation in time and a minimum signal strength for the communication link before the thermostat is switched on to the system 100. This permissible threshold can be reduced in time so that the 160-163 network thermostat is finally accepted, even if the correlation and the signal are weak. It can be assumed that the 160-163 network thermostat should be part of a system, and that the user would not have inserted a network thermostat in a region where there are no controlled ventilation grids.

[0108] As an additional protection against installation errors, in one embodiment, the controllers of the ventilation grilles 133-146 assume changes in inhibition only from one network thermostat 160-163, and that this network thermostat must be those with the highest correlation of temperature variations with the ventilation grid controller. . In addition, any change to the hold can then be used to carry out an experiment to ensure that all controllers of the ventilation grilles correspond to the appropriate network thermostat in the nearby area.

[0109] For example, if the system heats up and the local setpoint is reduced below the current temperature of the region (for example by a man adjusting the thermostat settings, all controlled ventilation grilles can close their deflectors to reduce airflow. This should cause a decrease in temperature, initially including where there is a network thermostat and related ventilation grilles If there is a greater correlation with another network thermostat, or with a controlled ventilation grid that is not related to this network thermostat then this association may be incorrect and should be changed.

[0110] The "experiment" described above was initiated as a result of human action. It is also possible to initiate a similar experience for each node, without human intervention. For example, if the temperature correlation in time is below the threshold, and there is no comparable correlation with other unrelated nodes, then the node can automatically initiate such an experience.

[0111] Just as automatic network configuration should be prepared for adding new nodes, the network should also delete items that appear to have left the network It is possible that the node has been removed from the network by the owner for use in another system 100 HVAC control that is within communication range. For example, a node might have been moved to another zone in the same building. Further treatment of this element as an old network component may result in malfunction or inadequate network performance. The HVAC control system 100 should periodically or sporadically compare the HVAC on and off times and check other criteria, such as time-related temperature, to ensure that displaced items are removed from the network.

[0112] A controlled ventilation grate 113-126 can determine whether it shares a region with another ventilation grille 113-126 by closing its throttle, and then monitoring the grids to see if another controlled grille does not open its throttle to compensate for this. Such experiments can also be carried out by opening the throttle and observing which controlled ventilation grille had to close its throttle to compensate for this. Typically, the most effective technique (opening or closing) is the one that causes the greatest changes in the total air flow to or from the region. In addition, the pressure of the ventilation duct in the controlled ventilation grille that initiated this experiment and in all other ventilation grates can be measured and compared. Closing the power ventilation grille should increase the pressure of the ventilation duct in the nearby supply ventilation grates, and opening the supply grille should reduce the pressure in neighboring ventilation grids. The results of these experiments can be combined with the correlation of the temperature and pressure of the air duct.

Return ventilation grill [0113] In conventional HVAC systems, the air flow is controlled only by supply air grates. The return ventilation grilles do not have a control deflector. In a traditional system, any attempt to control the return ventilation grates would make it difficult to balance the system.

[0114] In some embodiments of the present invention, an adjustable return ventilation grille is used to increase the ability of the system to move air from areas that are too hot where it is needed (or, in the case of air conditioning, to move cool air where it is needed). it is needed). Without air return control, return air would come from all areas and would aim to reach the average air temperature in the building. This would limit the possibility of simply moving the air without activating the heating / cooling device 103 for comfort. In fact, if the system tries to move air from the entire building to a specific region, the major part of the returned air comes from this region, because the area with an open supplying ventilation grille tends to achieve higher pressure than other regions with closed supply grilles. As a result, little or no network changes are made and energy is wasted on the blower 106.

[0115] In the case of heating, having controlled deflectors in all returns allows the system to selectively move air from the warmest areas to the coldest areas. The second use of controlled air returns is to limit the displacement of air from the rest of the building to areas that have their setpoints retracted or are turned off.

[0116] Although the controllable ventilation grates 123-126 have fittings similar to the controlled supply grates 113-120, the control algorithm may be different. In some embodiments, the controlled return ventilation grates 123-126 have only two throttle positions: open and closed.

[0117] The highest priority for the return ventilation grille is to ensure that it does not fail in the closed state. Since most of the time the network controls the temperature by adjusting the supply air grates, it is important that the inoperative ventilation grille does not interfere with this process. For this purpose, the equipment should include a "default open" state.

Remote Control Unit [0118] The main function of the remote control units 150-153 is to allow the user to connect to the network so as to set the desired temperature within a particular region, or to turn on or off the air conditioning supply in that region. However, the remote control units 150-153 do not act as a centralized control for the HVAC system. As noted, the HVAC system control is divided between at least ventilation grids 133-146.

[0119] Each remote control unit 150-153 allows the user to set the desired temperature within a specific region, program the schedule of a preset set point for each region, program the preset settings based on other conditions such as room occupancy, time and date setting in the network, inclusion or disabling the HVAC system, in toto or in the selected area, overwriting automatic installation parameters, displaying status information, displaying system performance data, displaying network suggestions for energy saving and improving comfort, and displaying error messages such as messages regarding damaged components or performance deficiencies.

[0120] Fig. 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary remote control unit. Processor 800 executes instructions stored in memory 803. According to these instructions, the processor accepts user inputs via a set of user interface buttons 806 and / or via a touch screen 819 and displays information on display 810 or touch screen 819. Processor 800 connects with controller 616 (Figure 6) near a control grille 113-120 via transceiver 813 using infrared radiation and / or transceiver 816 RF. Therefore,

Thermostat [0121] Turning now to Fig. 1, up to three types of thermostats can be used. The thermostat 108 of the original HVAC system can be used to control the heating / cooling device 103 and the blower 106. The network thermostat 163 that is connected to the heating / cooling device 103 and the blower 106 can be connected to the thermostat 108 of the original HVAC system, or the network thermostat 163 can replace the HVAC system thermostat 108. In each of these cases, the network thermostat 163 includes a wireless transceiver device to be able to connect to other network nodes. The user can set the desired temperature, just like using the traditional user interface keyboard and display on the network thermostat 163. The network thermostat 163 sends information about the data entered by the user,

[0122] A third type of thermostat is a network thermostat 160 that is not connected to the HVAC system. In other respects, the network thermostat 160 is similar to the network thermostat 163.

[0123] Network thermostats 160-163 can be added in any region. To facilitate the installation, in some embodiments, the network thermostats do not require power connection. Each network thermostat 160-163 can have a solar cell on its front panel. The network thermostat can also be battery powered. While the network thermostat can have the same temperature measuring devices (thermistor and / or IR) as ventilation grilles, they are mainly used to determine which controlled ventilation grilles are in the same area as this thermostat. Once installed on the network, the network thermostat can be turned off completely until the user presses the button. In this case, power supply for sending new settings to the network can be created by pressing a button, as it is used in remote lighting controllers. The thermostat can be thin enough to look like the surface of an electrical switch when it is glued to the wall.

[0124] As noted, the network thermostat 163 can replace the 108 HVAC thermostat. To make the replacement of an existing thermostat easy, the network thermostat 163 allows the wiring to be connected as desired. One embodiment of the network thermostat 163 has 7 input leads that provide connections to every possible output from the 109 HVAC control. When connected to the 109 HVAC control, the network thermostat 163 measures the voltage, resistance and / or impedance between the pairs of connections. These pairs are either power supply or relay coil windings that control heating, cooling and blower. There are at most 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 21 such pairs. Power inputs should be obvious based on the voltage present on this pair. Vapors with relatively low resistances are most likely coil windings in the 109 HVAC controller. The network thermostat can then determine which relays control the heating, cooling and blower by assigning the voltage supplied from the HVAC to one or more relay outputs and determining what has happened, i.e. whether the airflow has started or whether the airflow is heated or cooled and the like. This mechanism not only makes installing such a network thermostat easy, but also prevents user installation errors. cooling and blower by assigning the voltage supplied from the HVAC to one or more relay leads and determining what has happened, i.e. whether the air flow has started, whether the air flow is heated or cooled, and the like. This mechanism not only makes installing such a network thermostat easy, but also prevents user installation errors. cooling and blower by assigning the voltage supplied from the HVAC to one or more relay leads and determining what has happened, i.e. whether the air flow has started, whether the air flow is heated or cooled, and the like. This mechanism not only makes installing such a network thermostat easy, but also prevents user installation errors.

[0125] The network thermostat 160 is mainly a user interface that allows reading the actual temperature and temperature setpoint, adjusting the temperature setpoint and turning off the heating (cooling) of the region. As noted, the network thermostat 160 has the ability to measure local temperature, but it is simply reported to the network and does not directly affect the setting of any ventilation grid. For this reason, the network thermostat 160 only needs to be turned on during installation or after pressing a button. The combination of the main battery and the power generated by pressing the button should allow the thermostat to be installed on the network, and continue to carry out its most important functions after the battery has run out.

Temperature control algorithm Each intelligent grille controller 133-140 in a controlled supply grill 113-120, and optionally each controller 143-146 of a smart grille in a controlled return grille 123-126 performs an algorithm that determines how and when it should the adjustable throttle of the relevant ventilation grille must be handled. In a system with available high power stocks, the control algorithm can be quite simple, as shown in the flow chart of Fig. 9. For example, the heating mode is such that at 920, each controller of the grilles 133-146 opens its blades when the heat is supplied through a heating / cooling device 103 and a blower 106, and in 923, the ventilation grilles 133-146 close their blades when the corresponding regions reach the desired temperatures. By virtually completely closing the blades in conventional, i.e. uncontrollable ventilation grates 128 in the region containing the 108 HVAC thermostat, served by the uncontrolled ventilation grates 128, the region heats up more slowly than the region supplied by the controlled ventilation grilles 112-120. The heating device 103 switches off when the 108 HVAC thermostat fulfills its role. Until then, the areas provided by the controlled ventilation grates 113-120 should reach the corresponding target temperatures, and the appropriate controllers for the ventilation grilles 133-128 should close the corresponding dampers. that is, the uncontrolled ventilation grilles 128 in the area containing the 108 HVAC thermostat, served by the uncontrolled ventilation grilles 128, the area heats up more slowly than the region supplied by the controlled ventilation grilles 112-120. The heating device 103 switches off when the 108 HVAC thermostat fulfills its role. Until then, the areas provided by the controlled ventilation grates 113-120 should reach the corresponding target temperatures, and the appropriate controllers for the ventilation grilles 133-128 should close the corresponding dampers. that is, the uncontrolled ventilation grilles 128 in the area containing the 108 HVAC thermostat, served by the uncontrolled ventilation grilles 128, the area heats up more slowly than the region supplied by the controlled ventilation grilles 112-120. The heating device 103 switches off when the 108 HVAC thermostat fulfills its role. Until then, the areas provided by the controlled ventilation grates 113-120 should reach the corresponding target temperatures, and the appropriate controllers for the ventilation grilles 133-128 should close the corresponding dampers.

[0127] In 900, if air flow is detected, control goes to 903, where the room temperature is measured. If the HVAC system is in heating mode, the 906 control goes to 910, otherwise the control goes to 913. At 910, if the room is warmer than the target temperature for this room, the control goes to 923, in which the vanes of these ventilation grilles are closed incremental value, such as a predetermined number of stepper motor steps. On the other hand, if in 910 the room is not warm enough, the control goes to 920, in which the ventilation grid opens by an incremental value. After delay 926 allowing the room temperature to change in response to the increased or decreased air flow resulting from the incremental opening 920 or incremental closure 923 of the ventilation grille, the control returns to 900. Thus, as long as air flows through the ventilation grille, the repeated control loop compares the room temperature with the desired temperature room and if necessary, incrementally opens or closes the ventilation grid. Optionally (not shown), if the room temperature is within a predetermined range of the desired temperature (i.e. in the "dead zone" range), then the opening of the ventilation grid may remain as it was at the previous loop iteration. Optional (not shown), if the battery level is below a predetermined threshold,

[0128] Similarly, if the HVAC system is operating in cooling mode, in 913 a comparison between the current room temperature and the desired room temperature causes the ventilation grille to be incrementally opened 930 or incrementally closed 933.

[0129] In another embodiment, the algorithm is more complex as shown in the flowchart of fig. 10. The paddles do not necessarily move continuously in response to real-time conditions. Instead, the blades only move one step or two at a time, according to an algorithm that oversees the system's behavior over time and provides the minimum necessary adjustments based on energy requirements and the physical characteristics of each region forming the entire system. In other words, the network collects data related to how a large change in temperature is caused by a specific opening of the ventilation grid. For example, it can be determined experimentally that for a given ventilation grid during a specific season, a 10% change in the typical opening of the ventilation grille results in a room temperature change of 0.3 ° F. Once this data has been collected, in 1026, it can be calculated, based on the difference between the current room temperature and the desired room temperature, the amount by which the ventilation grille should be incrementally open or closed. Then in 1043, 1046, 1050 or 1053, this grid can be opened or closed by a calculated incremental amount. Other aspects of the operating scheme of FIG. 10 are similar to the operation scheme of FIG. 9.

[0130] Each network node, or at least each of the grilles 133-140 of a ventilation grid in a controlled ventilation grid, maintains a table (Device Information Table) (DIT) with data about each other node in the network, or at least for each controller 133-140 of the ventilation grid. The data in this table is used to maintain communication networks and to support the control algorithm. Most of this data is periodically or sporadically updated, for example every two minutes.

Below is a description of the DIT entries and other data on the calculation of the control.

[0131] Current Measured Temperature (Tpresent) The best estimate of the region temperature in the device. For a controlled ventilation grate 113-126, the floor temperature is measured by a thermistor and the ceiling temperature is measured by an IR thermal sensor as discussed earlier. The notified temperature is a weighted average of these two devices. The 150-153 remote control units and the 160-163 network thermostats measure the temperature of the internal thermistors. [0132] Target Temperature (Ttarget) - Temperature that the controlled ventilation grid 112-126 attempts to achieve if the device is in continuous temperature mode. On the other hand, if a schedule is activated for this device, this value is ignored,

[0133] Position of the blades (controlled ventilation grates 112-126) - The percentage at which the vents are currently open.

[0134] Heating Vent Gain (Fventgainh) - A factor used to determine the ventilation opening performance of a given quantity. For example, this can be calculated as the rate of temperature change that the region can experience for 25 ° C outside temperature with operating heating device 103 and all ventilators in the building open at 50%.

[0135] Cooling Vent Gain (Fventgainc) - A factor used to determine the ventilation opening capacity of a given quantity. For example, this can be calculated as the rate of temperature change that the region can experience for 25 ° C outside temperature with the cooling device 103 operating and all ventilators in the building open at 50%.

[0136] Heating and Cooling Temperature Position Factor (Fposh and Fposc) - Regions located closer to the exterior of the building generally require energy supplies other than those required by interior areas. These coefficients include this difference.

[0137] Outside / Inside Air Temperature Factor (Foutin) - A ratio based on the percentage of time the heating / cooling device 103 operated during a 24-hour period that is proportional to the difference between indoor and outdoor temperatures. Both the blower 106 and temperature are monitored to exclude the time "only blowers".

[0138] Daily Temperature Pattern (Fpattern) - The temperature profile throughout the day usually operates according to a pattern similar to previous days, and the maximum temperature occurs at almost the same time from day to day. The algorithm may contain a coefficient based on this pattern. For example, the algorithm can predict the need to provide more or less heating or cooling in the immediate or near future, based on historical data. For example, historical data may show that additional heating will probably be needed starting at 5pm, at least in certain rooms, due to the fact that the sun stops lighting at about this time of the part of the building in which these rooms are located . Thus, the HVAC control system 100 may begin to heat these rooms, starting a little earlier than 5 in the afternoon. Such pre-heating or cooling can compensate for the load on the heating / cooling device 103 (figure 1), thereby reducing the efficiency of the heating / cooling device 103 required to meet current needs.

[0139] Available Power - a variable that gives an indication of the power available to the device. It can be an indication of the level to which the battery has been charged. Any suitable range may be used, for example integers from 0 to 10. For example, 0 and 1 may mean that the device does not have enough power to adjust its vents.

[0140] Dawn and Dusk Times - Each device uses its sensors to get an estimate of dawn and dusk seasons using two techniques. The first saves the photovoltaic cell output to check the sunrise and sunset patterns as described above. The second one monitors the air flow pattern when peak heating or cooling periods occur (it can be assumed that the heating peak falls to the north and the cooling peak to the south). Because each device has data from other devices, these numbers can be combined to create the best estimate of dawn and dusk. Because all devices perform the same algorithm and use the same data, all these devices reach the same values.

[0141] As noted, the HVAC control system 100 does not include a central controller. Each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid collects data from all other 133-146 ventilation grilles in the system 100, and then each controller 133-146 of the ventilation grid calculates its next operation, taking into account the calculated operation of all other 133-146 ventilation grilles. These calculations occur periodically or accidentally, for example every two minutes during active air flow. The calculations cause the decision to open or close the blades by one or more steps, or leave the blades unchanged. The aim is to heat or cool all regions to the same extent as the temperature change, so that when the air flow is stopped, in each room the target temperature will be reached. The algorithm proceeds as follows, as shown in the flowchart of Fig. 10. The heating or cooling versions of these coefficients are selected to match the current mode of operation of the system.

[0142] At 1020, for each controlled ventilation grate 113-126, a target temperature change is made that is to be achieved during the current air flow cycle. If a preset back set, vacation or other schedule is activated for a given ventilation grill, then the target temperature from this source is used.

[0143] In 1023, for each controlled ventilation grille 113-126, a value proportional to the energy flow is calculated, such as according to equation (1).

Part of the energy flow (n) = (Ttarget - Tpresent) * Fventgain * Fpos * Foutin * Fpattern (1) [0144] In 1026, the calculated values ​​are calculated and normalized in order to establish the target openings of the vents required in the whole system 100. compensation for each of the ventilation grilles that could get stuck in certain positions due to insufficient supply of power. Preferably, these values ​​are adjusted so that at least one controlled ventilation grate 113-120 has its blades completely open. It maximizes airflow and minimizes losses.

[0145] At 1030, of these results, a determination of the direction and speed at which the blades of the ventilation grid should be moved. The time when the last movement occurred is checked in order to assess whether new traffic is necessary. If this is the case, movement is performed. As noted, if the current room temperature is in the dead zone without requiring any action, or if the battery level of the ventilation grid is low, the ventilation grilles may remain unchanged, at least for the current iteration of the control loop.

[0146] Once the air flow is stopped, these calculated values ​​are updated for each of the above-mentioned coefficients, based on data from this air flow cycle.

Air movement [0147] Moving air from one region to another region without activating the heating / cooling device 103 can save energy while improving comfort if several conditions are met. First of all, there should be a temperature difference between these two regions. Secondly, there should be at least two regions that are in their "dead zone without requiring action", i.e. whose temperature is within a predetermined range, such as about three degrees, relative to their preset settings. However, at least one of these regions should be above its target temperature, and at least one of these regions should be below the target temperature. In addition, the region above its target temperature should be warmer than this region,

[0148] Each ventilating controller 113-146 may have several purposes, including maintaining the desired temperature, minimizing energy consumption of the HVAC system and maintaining a minimum level of energy in its power source. If the minimum charge is maintained at its power source, then the controller of the grilles attempts to maintain the desired temperature range and then minimize the energy consumption of the HVAC system.

[0149] If the ventilation grid controller 113-146 has a low power level, it reduces energy consumption by first increasing the dead zone where no action is required. If the power supply is still decreasing, at the predetermined moment the ventilation grille controller notifies the network of the problem and switches off. The ventilation grille controller will not turn on until the minimum power level has been restored (higher than the power supply at switch-off).

[0150] The main way on which the owner can help the system to minimize energy consumption by HVAC is to expand the dead zone. If the system heats and the controlled ventilation grille is in an area that is below the dead zone temperature range, the controlled ventilation grille usually opens its throttle until the region reaches the minimum desired temperature. If the controlled ventilation grilles receive information from the network indicating that other regions have failed to achieve their desired temperatures, then the controlled ventilation grille temporarily widens its dead zone, thereby allowing the temperature to be lower or higher [depending on whether or not the HVAC system heats or cools) than the original setpoint. The purpose of minimizing energy consumption by HVAC, which then causes the controlled ventilation grille to close its throttle with a function of how far the air in the room is from the comfortable temperature, and how long it lasts. [0152] Fig. 11 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the intelligently controlled ventilation grate 113-120. In 1100, the air temperature of the region is measured. In 1103, optionally, a signal from the remote control unit is received. The signal may convey information about the desired temperature setpoint, with a pre-set time reset or similar. In 1106, the signals are received from one or more first controllable ventilation grates 113-120. These signals can carry information about the measured air temperature, desired temperature setpoints, battery charge levels, air flow rates, dampers states and the like for a properly intelligently controlled ventilation grille (grilles). In 1110, this information received from another intelligently controlled ventilation grille (ventilation grilles), along with relevant information about this intelligently controlled ventilation grille, is sent (passed on), so that other intelligently controlled ventilation grids that are not in range Wireless communication of these first intelligently controlled ventilation grates could pick up this information. This means that information is sent to other network nodes. In 1113, the desired throttle effect is calculated based on at least part of the available information about this and other intelligently controlled grid ventilation grids. This calculation may also include information received from the remote control unit and / or the wireless thermostat. In 1116, the servo drive is controlled to activate the throttle, according to the calculated desired throttle action. The control returns to 1100.

Network connectivity [0153] During normal operation, between device messages in the HVAC control system 100, they can be put to sleep, and the amount of time in which the transceiver devices are turned on is minimized. This is done to save a small amount of energy (usually provided by solar cells) available for each device. All of these devices in the network wake up synchronously for a very short time, for example at constant intervals, for example every two seconds, to determine if any remote control is trying to connect. During one of these awakening periods, at a different pause period, e.g. every two minutes, each of these devices in the system 100 forwards standard data messages to successively all other devices. A standard data message can contain the current state and critical data for that device, plus additional information that is designed to optimize and maintain network integrity. Each message contains a built-in device ID, and a CRC check sum of the cyclic redundancy code.

[0154] Each device maintains a device information table (DIT). This table contains detailed information about all devices on the network. DIT can be updated over several message sequences. The data contain information on the stability and availability of power for each device, as well as information on the reliability of the receipt of each device by other devices. This allows the device to report the need for a set of forwarding channels so that it can acquire information from devices from which it can not receive directly due to the credibility of the connection.

[0155] Since all devices have data available from all other devices, and all devices work on the same software, each device can calculate control decisions for the entire network and then apply locally those decisions that apply to the device itself. This is a key element that allows the system 100 to operate without a central controller.

[0156] Exemplary numbers are given for different temporal relationships in the system. Many of these values ​​are determined by the system settings in the software and may be subject to change. The values ​​given here are only examples, other values ​​may be used, based on system needs, user preferences or other design assumptions.

[0157] Typically, after the system 100 has created a network, periodic or random transmission sequences are used. In this embodiment, every two minutes, all devices in the system 100 transmit data to each other in sequences of subsequent messages, as shown in Fig. 12. The fragments of the message sequence of Fig. 12 will be described in the following.

[0158] IDQ - during these 10 ms time slots, each device calibrates the internal synthesizer, activates its receiver, and listens for command request ID from the remote control. The IDQ search occurs every two seconds. The remainder of the sequence occurs only at 2-minute intervals.

[0159] Dev 0-Dev n - This is the usual sequence of transmission by each element of the network. They start at predetermined times with 2ms increments. If the device fails to transmit, the next device will still transmit in the allocated time. The first device transmits its data twice as part of the collision avoidance system, as described below.

[0160] FWD - One or more packages may appear at this point for forwarded data. The packet of forwarded data is identical to that originally sent by the device, which is further forwarded. Forwarding is described later in this document.

[0161] JOIN - At this time, a new device reporting a request to join this network sends a packet. Joining the network applies to the protocol described later in this document.

[0162] UPDT - A long block with software update data may be attached to the message stream here. Devices will look into this block only if the update bit is set in the status byte of the previously received packet.

[0163] IRID - If the remote control requested identification of the device during the IDQ period, then all devices will respond with messages from the ID using the infrared (IR) link. If the remote control request occurs during the scheduled message sequence, as shown, the IR response will occur at the end of the message sequence. Otherwise, the IR response will take place immediately after this request.

[0164] The devices in the system have a very limited amount of energy available to them. When the device is installed, it may have some energy stored in the battery, or the battery needs to be charged before the newly installed device becomes a reliable part of the system 100. When the device "wakes up" for the first time, it estimates that it has available energy resources. It will not attempt to join or initiate a communications network until it has determined that it has adequate energy to securely communicate for twenty-four hours. The actions taken by this device after waking up, such as searching for a network to which it could be connected, are shown in the flow diagram in Fig. 13.

[0165] The device may stop working if it experiences a power outage for a long time. As a result, it will cease to connect to the network it was previously part of. While the device is not working, a number of events can occur. In most cases, the network can resume operation without an element that has fallen out of it. The RF interface can cause the network to switch to a substitute frequency. The detection of another network operating on the same frequency may cause the network to switch to a different frequency. The device can be ejected from this network and placed on another network. All devices in this network may fall out. The device may be new or has never been part of this network before.

[0166] As soon as a reliable power supply is established, the device checks the nonvolatile memory to see if it was previously part of the network. If it was part of the network, it checks in non-volatile memory what position it took in the message sequence, and the selected communication frequency, and the network ID.

[0167] In all cases, the device will wait until its internal air flow sensor indicates that the HVAC fan has been started. As soon as it detects the air flow, it records the time when the airflow started and activates its receiver. If it was previously part of the network, it will listen first to the stored frequency. Otherwise, it will listen on the default frequency. It will listen on the initial frequency for 2.5 minutes. If the network is not found, it will switch to the next alternative frequency and carry out the same search. It will go twice in this way for all the partson frequency. As they passed through these frequencies, the device would record those frequencies that were free or disrupted, or other networks.

[0168] The receiver consumes significant energy and, in most cases, can not operate continuously. If the network search failed, the receiver will be turned off and the search will be resumed at a later time determined by the power availability.

[0169] If a network with the same air flow time is found, the search is terminated. An earlier element that has not lost its time slot simply resumes the transmission. A new device, or an earlier item that has lost its time slot, will enter the process of joining the network, described below. A device that was previously part of the network, but finds another network ID, could be removed from one network and transferred to another, but there is a small chance that it found a different network, and its heaters started at the same time. This case is supported by the actions of the self-healing process described later in this document.

[0170] If a network with a different air start time is found, this network will be ignored and the search will be resumed when the channel is again free.

[0171] If no network has been found, the new device will attempt to establish a new one. To do this, it will restart its receiver at the lowest frequency, which has proved to be free from interference and transmission of other networks. Next, it will start to search at this frequency for a pseudo-random amount of time in the range from zero to 2.5 minutes. If no other device is found at this time, it will try to create a new network as described in the next section.

[0172] The above discussion assumes that the device has access to an air flow sensor such as those provided with ventilation grilles, main thermostats, and remote control devices docked at the back of the thermostat. Room thermostats and free-standing remote controls do not have direct access to the air flow sensors. These devices check the temperature over a period of time to correlate with room temperature changes and hence calculate the equivalent air flow start time. If a remote control is used to access a device that is connected to the network, it will acquire network information from this device and join at the same time.

[0173] The networking process is shown in the flow chart of Figure 14. This process is usually initiated by a ventilation grid. All systems used contain at least one ventilation grille, and the ventilation grilles will also have the necessary access to the air flow sensors.

[0174] To create a network, the device sends the above-described sequence MSG0a, MSG0b, seeking the presence of a carrier after each message. If no carrier is found, it assumes that it is the first sender of messages on the network, and accordingly continues transmitting. Other devices will form around it, according to the connection process described below. If the carrier was found immediately after MSG0a or MSG0b, then it is assumed that another device is trying to send in place MSG0, and this device re-starts the process of searching for the established network. The chances of such a collision are extremely small. The transmitter will only start when it sees a free channel. The chance that two transmitters will start at the same time is 5μs / 2 minutes or one to 4.17E-8.

[0175] A device that would like to join a network typically first finds a network using the procedure detailed above and shown in the flowchart of Figure 15.

[0176] Then it sends a message with standard data twice. The first occurs during the "join" time slot described above. The second occurs over a period of time that would be required for the message sequence for the maximum size system. The time slot in which the device sends its message is determined by a pseudo-random number.

[0177] If the device that is the first message communicating sees a message in the "join" time slot, it maintains an open listening for the remainder of the message sequence of maximum size. If it detects one or more valid messages during this time, then at the next message sequence, it will send IDs for new devices seen in repeating data areas for MSG0a and MSG0b. It will also notify these devices of their location in the message sequence. After that, the new devices will start transmitting in the allocated time slots. This process continues until all requesting devices have joined the network. During this time, some collisions may occur, but all devices will be connected within several cycles. [0178] Each network element collects data from all other elements. There may be a physical problem, such as excessive distance or obstacles on the road, which prevents direct reception of a message from one element to another. To overcome this difficulty, a messaging system has been used that works as follows:

- The data packet sent by each element contains three values ​​that help establish a forwarding link. There is the ID of the previous element changing in sequence three of them containing the ID, the strength of the receiving signal and the power reliability indicator of each of the other elements of the network.

- Each element creates a device information table (DIT) that contains a data block for all other network elements containing the ID, power reliability indicator and receiving signal strength of all other elements of this network.

- An element that is missing data from other elements analyzes this table in order to determine the best element to choose as the missing data. The selection is based on the reliability of the power supply and the quality of the received signal from both the missing element and the requesting element. Then, the requesting device sends a request to the selected forwarder to simply forward the missing data. This request is included in the cyclic data section of the standard requester data message.

[0179] The remote control 150-153 can be used in different modes. In most systems, it is used to enter user preferences into the system, such as target temperatures and schedules. To do this, a remote control device may be directed to the device to send an RF request message to it and to receive an IR response from it. This is called the aim-connect mode. Remote control can also interact remotely with devices via RF, serving as an "armchair console" for this system. It can also be docked at the thermostat to act as a heating control thermostat for the system.

[0180] The remote control, when docked at the thermostat, typically receives power from the thermostat circuit. In this case, it connects to the system like other devices and connects at regular, two-minute intervals.

[0181] When not docked, the remote control may operate in the same regular communication mode or, in order to save energy and extend the battery life, it may connect at much longer intervals, leaving the network and joining it as needed.

[0182] Remote control, if in a targeted-by-connect mode, can quickly access the device as follows:

Acquiring the device in the aim-to-connect mode - When remote control is recommended to connect to the device using the infrared radiation (IR) link, the process is as follows:

- If the remote control was in active communication with the network, it will coordinate sending the request message so that it does not cause interference. If not, it checks to see if there is RF traffic. If this is the case, the remote control will wait until the movement stops by checking the message sequences so that it is synchronized with the next move. Then it sends the RF ID request message.

- The remote control waits for an immediate IR response if there is no RF movement or for a response at the end of the move. If a response is received, the remote control proceeds to processing. If not, the remote control repeats the query until the answer is received or 2.5 seconds have elapsed. After each query, the remote control checks RF motion. If the traffic is found, then the remote control saves the time of this movement and predicts the time of the next loop so that it can avoid future interference in the network. The returned IR message also contains the time of the next RF loop for the same reason. This message also contains the device ID and, if established, the network ID.

- The answering device has now been "woken up" so that it continuously searches for further RF queries directed to it from the remote control. These include requests to send data or information about settings and retrieve updated information from the remote control.

- As soon as the remote control receives information about the settings from the device, it will use the table of variables and the main screen displaying the corresponding device.

- If there is a period of inactivity of inactivity, the device will return to normal operation.

[0183] Each time a remote control is enabled, it monitors the network by updating information from other devices. The future remote control screen will allow you to check the overall network status.

[0184] The network was designed to be self-recoverable. Changes in the structure of the network stick to the principles of the same model as the way to establish message forwarding routes. Each device in the network is required to operate as a stable element. It is responsible for its own good condition, so that it has the right power supply before starting the transmission or other activities. If he can not hear one of the other elements (network), he is going to ask another element to forward the messages, but only after making sure that the other element has enough energy to handle such requests, and that this other element is also clearly able to hear this distant device. If the device determines that it will soon leave the network due to a power loss or other reason, it informs other elements of when it will leave the network.

[0185] Interference and frequency change - It is possible that two networks could operate on the same frequency, but that they would not see each other due to different start times. Eventually they will collide because they deviate due to small differences in the frequencies of their quartz resonators. When this occurs, one or both networks will shift the frequencies.

[0186] Loss of device - The device will fall out if the air flow times are not matched (which works during the second sequence after the air flow has started). Loss of power may cause the device to fall out. If this happens, it will notify the network in advance that it intends to leave.

[0187] Re-allocating the space in the sequence - Transmissions in the network are synchronized with the first device that sends the message during each sequence. The device performing this task is actually the first device that asked for it when the network was created. This device will continue to do this until a reliability problem develops that causes it to fall out of the network. In this case, it will inform the network that it falls out. Another device will automatically take over the role of the "first device sending messages" based on data in the DIT.

[0188] When the devices receive an information update message, if the system has devices detected as not containing the latest code release, then the device with the lowest ID number with the most-current code release will send a copy of this code. Those devices that are not up to date will update themselves. [0189] Typically, message sequences occur every two minutes as described above. You can enter the demonstration mode via the remote control. In this mode, message sequences occur every two seconds. Demo mode can cause other changes in the operation of devices that change depending on the type of device.

[0190] The standard device data packet is 48 bytes long, and sending it at 250Kbps takes 1536 μs. The remaining time from the 2ms time slot allows RX / TX exchange. An exemplary data package is shown in Fig. 21.

[0191] Cyclic data - Some data items require updates that often do not occur. By not sending them in each cycle, the average package length can be reduced, reducing the pickup time and thus the power requirements. The largest of these are firmware updates that are sent and collected in small packages that are stored in the serial access EEPROM by the receiving device to update the software when the entire file is complete. This includes the following:

Network ID

Quality of reception from all other devices

Power stability indicator

The time of the last air flow

Software release

Time clocks - UT

Device ID - each device contains a 32-bit device ID or serial number that is programmed during production. The three MSBs of this ID also mean the type of device

- 0 = ventilation grille, 1 = thermostat, 7 = remote control.

[0192] Error check - The 16-bit CRC sum is included in all packages. Receiving a message that does not pass the CRC check causes this message to be rejected. The frequency of updating data is so large that the sporadically rejected package does not cause problems.

[0193] When polling from a remote control, the device sends setup information via a device setting data packet, an example of which is schematically shown in Fig. 22.

[0194] Short packages are sent by remote control to cause all devices to send their ID via IR or other information via RF. These packages with a total length of 26 bytes require 704 μs to be sent. An example of such a remote control command packet is shown schematically in Fig. 23.

[0195] The regular update package for the remote control is 48 bytes long and is used to update the standard information on the device after it has been rewritten by the remote control. An example of such a standard remote control update package is shown schematically in Fig. 24.

[0196] The update settings package for the remote control is 48 bytes long and is used to update the settings on the device after it has been rewritten by the remote control. An example of such a standard remote control update package is shown schematically in Fig. 25.

[0197] Each device maintains a table that records the latest data sent by all devices in the system, as well as some historical data. An example of such a device information table is schematically shown in Fig. 26.

[0198] Remote control - Remote control looks for loops, just like any other device. The RF message with the ID request is queued for transmission. If a non-carrier space is found, the remote control will send repeated queries, waiting for an IR response each time. If an RF carrier is found, the answer will be expected when the loop ends.

[0199] Device - If an IR ID request is received during the first pause, the response will be deferred until the command string is terminated. If the answer is received when there is no next command sequence, the answer will be sent immediately.

[0200] Remote control - Remote control looks for loops, just like any other device. As soon as it finds a loop, it avoids direct communication during scheduled loop times. Otherwise, it will send messages at any time when there is no carrier. If the remote control transmits at the same time as the start of the loop, then it will cause interference once, but the system is designed to return from this state. Subsequent loops will not be disturbed.

[0201] The MSP processors used in this system may have twice as much memory as needed to support their programs. The code updates are written to the alternative halves of this memory, so if the update fails, the device can continue to work with the previous version of the code.

[0202] A one-of-a-kind engine can be used as part of the design of an HVAC ventilation grille, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The construction of such an engine in one embodiment is shown in Figs. 16 and 17. This engine performs the following tasks:

Cheap = both for components and workload

Built-in ratchet - to keep the position when the power supply is disconnected. High energy efficiency = to allow it to power from a minimum power source, such as a set of cheap solar cells.

[0203] According to this embodiment, the motor is a 4-phase stepper motor. In this embodiment, two sets of stators are formed as shown in Fig. 17, where the components in the left half of the engine are shown in a view with the elements being split apart. The first element on the right side of the printed circuit board (PCB) 1700 is the lower pole 1703 of the pole. This is followed by the coil of the wire 1706 wound on the insulating core and then the upper ring 1710 of the pole. These elements form one of the stators. Another element on the right is the annular magnet 1713 of the rotor, which has been magnetized with alternating poles around its circumference with the same pitch as both rings 1703 and 1710 poles. The last element is the rotor housing 1716 to which the rotor magnet is fixed permanently. A similar second set 1720 is arranged on the right side to form a second stator and rotor. These two rotor housings include built-in gears 1723 and 1726 which cause symmetrically opposite rotation of the rotors with an offset of one pole position between these rotors. This causes the motor to function as a 4-phase stepper motor, as the coils are supplied in a traditional way.

[0204] The cost savings of this engine over other forms that could be used arise from the following:

Construction of extruded poles - rings 1703 and 1710 poles are extruded from a sheet of metal material. It is an efficient and inexpensive production process.

[0205] Simple coil - Coil design 1706 is the simplest form, reducing manufacturing costs. Because the coil 1706 is placed directly on the PCB 1700, it does not entail any costs associated with the fastening of the wires necessary for conventional motors.

[0206] The connection to PCB - PCB 1700 is the basis for mounting the motor. The rear part of the casing has built-in latches, which eliminates mounting screws, and the galvanized holes in the PCB form the outer half of the bearing for these rotors.

[0207] Multiple use of rotor casing - Rotor housings are not only part of the engine but form part of the position sensor described below, including the arm for manually adjusting the ventilation grille, and are located directly on the blades of the ventilation grid.

[0208] Motor pole segments are designed to form intentional ratchets. They are designed to maintain the position of the blades during the air flow even if the power supply is disconnected from the motor.

[0209] High energy efficiency is achieved by the absence of mechanical loss components, such as gearboxes and pull rods. The engine is designed to have a large diameter to obtain high torque without the use of a reduction gear. The high ratio of the motor diameter to the air gap between the rotor and the stator contributes to higher efficiency. The design with an external rotor allows a relatively large coil size, reducing electrical resistive losses.

The sensor, shown in Figs. 18 and 19, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, is arranged to be based on changes in electrical capacitance. The design is very cheap, using the PCB 1700 and the rotor housing 1716 of one of the motor sections described above. The sensor works as follows. The radially conductive electric contacts 1800 are distributed over the PCB 1700 around the center of the rotor opening 1803. Each of the radial contacts 1800 around the periphery of the rotor hole center 1803 is subsequently electrically connected to a circuit that measures the capacitance relative to ground or other reference node. This capacity is influenced by the position of the rotor 1716, which is made of a metallic material or covered with a metallic material. The rotor body is grounded by engine components. As the rotor rotates, one or more contacts become partially or completely uncovered, changing the capacity relative to the ground. The rotor position can therefore be calculated on the basis of capacitance measurements.

Application in an electric heating system [0210] The HVAC control system 100 may be applied to a heating system using an electric boiler or strip electrical resistance heaters. A system using an electric boiler is actually a hydronic system, as described above.

[0211] Fig. 20 shows a typical house heating system using slatted electric resistance heaters. Numerous heating circuits are routed from the main fuse box by load controllers. Each circuit is then guided via one or more electrical high-voltage thermostats to one or more strip radiators. Toroidal current transformers surround each of the main power cords entering the fuse box, and the sensor cabling from these transformers enters the load control box. The electronic system in the load controller switches the heating circuits on and off to limit the maximum continuous current consumption of the load. This is done to minimize energy expenses. [0212] The HVAC control system for an electric heating system has the same properties and advantages as the HVAC control system for a forced air system, with the exception of air redistribution. Hybrid systems can be used, depending on the needs of forced air, hydronic and / or electrical elements.

[0213] An electric panel heating system using an HVAC control system as described herein can replace traditional electrical thermostats with an electric thermostat. This device may use the ability to control adjustable ventilation grilles (as described above), but may control the relay (s) or triac (s) to control the electric current in the heating element. Since the electric thermostat can be placed on the wall, it can also contain a display, and buttons of a standard wireless thermostat 160, described above with reference to Fig. 1. All elements of this system can be connected wirelessly (or, optionally, via wired communication) to other elements, such as wall thermostats and remote control devices in this system. same way, as in a system with forced air circulation. One more element can be added to the electrical heating control system in the form of a home-made current sensor transceiver. This device uses current consumption sensors already connected to the load controllers and gets signals from inside the load controller box. Installation of such a system is not an "add-on" as described above for a forced air system. This requires electrical work at a low level regarding the replacement of electrical thermostats and the addition of a current sensor consumption sensor for the entire house. in the form of a transmitter-receiver device of the current consumption for the whole house. This device uses current consumption sensors already connected to the load controllers and gets signals from inside the load controller box. Installation of such a system is not an "add-on" as described above for a forced air system. This requires electrical work at a low level regarding the replacement of electrical thermostats and the addition of a current sensor consumption sensor for the entire house. in the form of a transmitter-receiver device of the current consumption for the whole house. This device uses current consumption sensors already connected to the load controllers and gets signals from inside the load controller box. Installation of such a system is not an "add-on" as described above for a forced air system. This requires electrical work at a low level regarding the replacement of electrical thermostats and the addition of a current sensor consumption sensor for the entire house.

[0214] According to an exemplary embodiment, systems and methods for controlling HVAC systems are provided. As the specific values ​​chosen for these embodiments have been cited, it is understood that within the scope of the present invention, these values ​​of all parameters can vary over wide ranges to fit different applications.

[0215] A smart grille controller is described in a form that includes a processor controlled by instructions stored in memory. The memory can be random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, or any other memory, or a combination of them, suitable for storing control software and other instructions and data. Some of the functions performed by the smart grille controller are described with reference to flow diagrams and / or block diagrams. For those skilled in the art, it should be readily understood that these functions, actions, decisions, and the like, all or part of each block, or combination of blocks, flow charts and block diagrams can be implemented as computer program instructions, software, hardware, firmware, or a combination thereof. It should also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the instructions or programs defining these functions of the present invention may be provided to the processor in many forms, including, but not limited to, information permanently stored on a non-volatile carrier (e.g. read-only memory within a computer, such as a ROM, or computer-readable devices via a connection

I / O, such as a CD-ROM or DVD), information written on writeable media (for example, floppy disks, removable flash memory and hard disks) in a way that allows changes or information transferred to a computer via communications means, including wired and wireless Computer Networks. In addition, although the present invention may be implemented programmatically, the functions necessary to implement the present invention may, optionally or alternatively, be implemented partially or wholly by using firmware and / or in hardware elements such as combinatorial systems, specialized systems ( ASICs), programmable devices (FPGAs) or other hardware or any combination of hardware, software and / or components of the firmware. [0216] Despite that the present invention is described by the exemplary embodiments described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that variations and variations of the embodiments shown can be made without departing from the inventive ideas discussed herein. For example, although some aspects of the HVAC system control system have been described in relation to operating schemes, those skilled in the art should easily understand that functions, actions, and the like of all or parts of each block or combination of blocks from the flowchart can be combined, separated into separate activities or carried out in different orders. In addition, although embodiments are described in connection with various illustrative data structures, a person skilled in the art will realize that the system can be implemented using different data structures. In addition, the disclosed aspects, or parts of these aspects, can be combined in a manner not mentioned herein. Accordingly, the present invention should not be seen as limited to those disclosed embodiments.