Novel copolymers with polar and non-polar olefin blocks
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18 claims: 10 independent, 8 dependent
- 1Patent claims Zastrzeżenia patentowe 1. A method for producing block copolymers from at least one non-polar monomer, in particular ethylene, and at least one polar monomer, the copolymerization being carried out in the presence of a catalytic system prepared from an organometallic complex with the formula:1. Sposób wytwarzania kopolimerów blokowych z co najmniej jednego monomeru niepolarnego, w szczególności etylenu, i co najmniej jednego monomeru polarnego, przy czym kopolimeryzację prowadzi się w obecności układu katalitycznego, sporządzonego z kompleksu metaloorganicznego o wzorze: w którym: wherein: a. Met is a metal that belongs to groups VIII, IX and X, a. Met oznacza metal należący do grupy VIII, IX i X, b. Y is a metal oxidizing ligand molecule made from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from: O, S, P and N, preferably of the phenoxy type, b. Y oznacza cząsteczkę liganda utleniającą metal i wytworzoną z grup heteroatomowych opartych na C, H i co najmniej jednym atomie wybranym spośród: O, S, P i N, korzystnie typu fenoksy, c. L is a complexing molecule made from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from: O, S, P and N, preferably of the imine or ylide type, c. L oznacza cząsteczkę kompleksującą wytworzoną z grup heteroatomowych opartych na C, H i co najmniej jednym atomie wybranym spośród: O, S, P i N, korzystnie typu iminy lub ylidu, d. L 'is a monodentate electron donor complexing molecule such as phosphine or pyridine, preferably phosphine, and even more preferably triphenylphosphine, d. L' oznacza jednokleszczową, elektrodonorową cząsteczkę kompleksującą, taką jak fosfina lub pirydyna, korzystnie fosfina, a jeszcze bardziej korzystnie trifenylofosfina, e. R is a group based on an alkyl or alkylaryl hydrocarbon having from 1 to 20 C atoms, or a cycloalkyl or phenyl type, having from 6 to 20 C atoms, preferably a methyl or phenyl group, the method being carried out without adding a cocatalyst , to make a block copolymer that meets the following relationships: e. R oznacza grupę opartą na węglowodorze typu alkilu lub alkiloarylu, zawierającą od 1 do 20 atomów C, lub typu cykloalkilu lub fenylu, zawierającą od 6 do 20 atomów C, korzystnie grupę metylową lub fenylową, przy czym sposób ten prowadzi, bez dodawania kokatalizatora, do wytworzenie kopolimeru blokowego, który spełnia poniższe zależności: Sp-a / Zp-p << l Sp-a/Zp-p<<l Sp-a / a La-l << Sp-a/La-a<<l Σρ-δ> 1 (in each polymer chain), Σρ-δ>1 (w każdym łańcuchu polimeru), EP 2 340 267 B1 w których: „p-a” oznacza wiązanie między monomerem polarnym (p) a monomerem niepolarnym (a);„p-p” oznacza wiązanie między dwoma monomerami polarnymi;„a-a” oznacza wiązanie między dwoma monomerami niepolarnymi. Wherein: "pa" means the bond between the polar monomer (p) and the non-polar monomer (a);"Pp" means the bond between two polar monomers;"Aa" means bond between two nonpolar monomers.
- 4The method according to any of claims 3. The use of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polar monomer is selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and derivatives thereof;unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate;4. Sposób według dowolnego z zastrz. 1 do 3, w którym monomer polarny jest wybrany z grupy obejmującej nienasycone kwasy karboksylowe, takie jak kwas akrylowy lub kwas metakrylowy, i ich pochodne;estry nienasyconych kwasów karboksylowych, takie jak akrylan butylu i metakrylan metylu;pochodne styrenowe, takie jak styren lub α-metylostyren, uważane za monomery polarne, gdy są łączone z α-olefiną, etylenem lub propylenem;akryloamidy i metakryloamidy, takie jak akryloamid i metakryloamid, i ich pochodne;akrylonitryl i jego pochodne;a korzystnie stanowi akrylan metylu, metakrylan metylu, metakrylan butylu, styren lub akrylan butylu. styrene derivatives such as styrene or α-methylstyrene, considered to be polar monomers when combined with α-olefin, ethylene or propylene;acrylamides and methacrylamides, such as acrylamide and methacrylamide, and derivatives thereof;acrylonitrile and its derivatives;and preferably is methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, styrene or butyl acrylate.
- 8The method according to any of claims The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, if the polymerization is carried out in solution, the nonpolar monomers, in the liquid or gaseous state, react with the polar monomers in the liquid state, in the presence of an organometallic complex, in a hydrocarbon-based inert solvent. 8. Sposób według dowolnego z zastrz. 1 do 7, w którym, jeśli polimeryzację prowadzi się w roztworze, monomery niepolarne, w stanie ciekłym lub gazowym, reagują z monomerami polarnymi w stanie ciekłym, w obecności kompleksu metaloorganicznego, w rozpuszczalniku obojętnym opartym na węglowodorze. EP 2 340 267 B1 EP 2 340 267 B1
- 9The method according to any of claims The process of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, if the polymerization is carried out in bulk, the nonpolar monomers, in liquid or gaseous state, react with the polar monomers in the liquid state, in the presence of an organometallic complex. 9. Sposób według dowolnego z zastrz. 1 do 7, w którym, jeśli polimeryzację prowadzi się w masie, monomery niepolarne, w stanie ciekłym lub gazowym, reagują z monomerami polarnymi w stanie ciekłym, w obecności kompleksu metaloorganicznego.
- 10A process according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the polymerization is carried out at a temperature from -100 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 250 ° C, and at atmospheric pressure up to 300 bar. 10. Sposób według dowolnego z poprzednich zastrz., w którym polimeryzację prowadzi się w temperatu5 rze od -100°C do 250°C, korzystnie od 20°C do 250°C, i pod ciśnieniem od atmosferycznego do 300 bar.
- 11The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the obtained copolymer is from 103 up to 106 g / mol. 11. Sposób według dowolnego z poprzednich zastrz., w którym masa cząsteczkowa liczbowo średnia otrzymanego kopolimeru wynosi od 103 do 106 g/mol.
- 12A method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the step of adding a Lewis base, preferably triphenylphosphine, to the reaction medium. 12. Sposób według dowolnego z poprzednich zastrz., zawierający etap dodawania zasady Lewisa, korzystnie trifenylofosfiny, do środowiska reakcyjnego.
- 13Block copolymers that can be obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 12, containing one or more polar monomer blocks and one or more nonpolar monomer blocks, in particular ethylene blocks. 13. Kopolimery blokowe, które można otrzymać sposobem według dowolnego z zastrz. 1 do 12, zawierające jeden lub więcej bloków monomeru polarnego i jeden lub więcej bloków monomeru niepolarnego, w szczególności bloków etylenu.
- 16Application of a catalytic system made of an organometallic complex with the formula:16. Zastosowanie układu katalitycznego sporządzonego z kompleksu metaloorganicznego o wzorze: w którym: wherein: a. Met is a metal that belongs to groups VIII, IX and X, a. Met oznacza metal należący do grupy VIII, IX i X, b. Y is a metal oxidizing ligand molecule formed from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from O, S, P and N, preferably of the phenoxy type, b. Y oznacza cząsteczkę liganda utleniającego metal, wytworzoną z grup heteroatomowych opartych na C, H i co najmniej jednym atomie wybranym spośród O, S, P i N, korzystnie typu fenoksy, c. L is a complexing molecule made from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from O, S, P and N, preferably of the imine or ylide type, c. L oznacza cząsteczkę kompleksującą wytworzoną z grup heteroatomowych opartych na C, H i co najmniej jednym atomie wybranym spośród O, S, P i N, korzystnie typu iminy lub ylidu, d. L 'is a monodentate electron donor complexing molecule such as phosphine or pyridine, preferably phosphine, and even more preferably triphenylphosphine, d. L' oznacza jednokleszczową, elektronodonorową cząsteczkę kompleksującą, taką jak fosfina lub pirydyna, korzystnie fosfina, a jeszcze bardziej korzystnie trifenylofosfina, EP 2 340 267 B1 EP 2 340 267 B1 e. R is a group based on an alkyl or alkylaryl hydrocarbon having from 1 to 20 C atoms, or a cycloalkyl or phenyl type, containing from 6 to 20 C atoms, preferably a methyl or phenyl group, for block copolymerization of at least one non-polar monomer, in particular ethylene, and at least one polar monomer, without the addition of a cocatalyst in which the following relationships are met: e. R oznacza grupę opartą na węglowodorze typu alkilu lub alkiloarylu, zawierającą od 1 do 20 atomów C, lub typu cykloalkilu lub fenylu, zawierającą od 6 do 20 atomów C, korzystnie grupę metylową lub fenylową, do kopolimeryzacji blokowej co najmniej jednego monomeru niepolarnego, w szczególności etylenu, i co najmniej jednego monomeru polarnego, bez dodawania kokatalizatora, w którym spełnione są poniższe zależności: Σp-a> 1 (in each polymer chain) in which: "pa" is the bond between the polar monomer (p) and the non-polar monomer (a);"Pp" means the bond between two polar monomers;"Aa" means bond between two nonpolar monomers. Σp-a>1 (w każdym łańcuchu polimeru), w których: „p-a” oznacza wiązanie między monomerem polarnym (p) a monomerem niepolarnym (a);„p-p” oznacza wiązanie między dwoma monomerami polarnymi;„a-a” oznacza wiązanie między dwoma monomerami niepolarnymi.
Independent claims10
271 paragraphs in 10 sections, as filed
[0001] The present invention relates to copolymers with blocks of polar and non-polar olefins with different polar monomer content in the range of 0.1 mol%. up to 99.9 mole% The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of copolymers with olefin blocks and blocks of polar vinyl monomers, in which the method uses a single-element catalytic system which is made of an organometallic complex based on metal from groups VIII to X.
[0002] The incorporation of functional groups into non-polar chains (such as polyolefins) would make it possible to greatly modify the properties of polymers in terms of hardness, adhesion, barrier properties and surface (color), but also in terms of rheology or miscibility with other polymers while maintaining properties mechanical associated with polyolefins. On the contrary, the introduction of non-polar olefin units into polar polymer chains (in particular (meth) acrylic polymers) would improve their mechanical properties, their elasticity properties and their resistance to chemical products. The synthesis of functional polyolefins is therefore of interest.
[0003] However, the effectiveness of copolymerization of polar and non-polar olefins is limited by the difference in the reactivity of comonomers: non-polar olefins are usually polymerized catalytically, while polar monomers are polymerized by radical or ion polymerization. Therefore, two strategies (catalytic or radical) are used to introduce functional groups into the polyolefins.
[0004] Catalytic methods for polymerization and copolymerization of polar and non-polar olefins have been extensively described. Some report the use of organometallic metal catalysts belonging to Group IV (Ti, Zr etc.). Unfortunately, these highly oxophilic systems are quickly poisoned by the functional groups of polar monomers. In order to prevent this poisoning, some decided to add a cocatalyst (aluminum alkyl type) to the system (Marques MM et al., Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 37, 2457-2469, 1999; (Aaltonen P. et al., Macromolecules 1996, 29, 5255-5260) to chemically protect the polar functional group. These systems can then copolymerize ethylene and hydroxy- or carboxy-alpha-olefin monomers (e.g., 10-undecen-1-ol). The copolymers obtained contain a maximum of 10 mol% of polar monomer. In this case, the main disadvantage of the system is the need to add a cocatalyst to protect the polar olefin's functional group, which makes the system ineffective because the cocatalyst should be used stoichiometrically with the polar monomer. [0005] The same observations can be made for certain nickel-based systems (Carlini C. et al., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2002, 203, 1606-1613). The addition of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst to the system also protects the polar functional group. These systems then allow copolymerization of ethylene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with an MMA insertion rate in the range of 3 mol%. up to 80 mole% However, the copolymers obtained have either very clearly a predominant amount of methyl methacrylate incorporated (from 61 mol%). up to 82 mol%), but low molar masses (below 30,000 g / mol) and high polydispersity index (above 30), at the Ni (II) complex, or a very small amount of embedded methyl methacrylate (from 3 mol% to 7% mol.) for copolymers with high molar masses (from 49,000 to 290,000 g / mol), at the Ni (0) complex.
[0006] Other copper-based systems (US 6417303, US 6479425, Pracella M. et al., Journal of Polymer
Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 45, 1134-1142, 2007), also allow the synthesis of ethylene / acrylate or ethylene / methacrylate copolymers, but require the use of an aluminum alkyl cocatalyst (MAO).
[0007] Other teams have reported the use of organometallic metal less oxophilic catalysts belonging to the X group (Ni, Pd), without protecting the polar functional group with aluminum alkyl (Mecking S, Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2000, 203, 325-35; Johnson LK et al., Chemical Reviews 2000, 100, 1169-1203; Boffa LS and Novak BM, Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1479-1493). These nickel and palladium based systems (also described in the following documents: WO0192348, WO0192354, WO02059165, WO9623010, WO9842664, WO2004101634, US6777510) are limited in terms of the amount of incorporated polar monomer to a maximum of 15 mol%, as they lead to the preparation of copolymers, whose polyethylene part is highly branched (about 100 branches at 1000 C) and whose polar function is always located at the end of the branching of the polymer. These systems can be used without a cocatalyst, but it is then possible to copolymerize only a limited number of polar monomers, such as functionalized norboreins or acrylates.
[0008] Other palladium based systems have been described (WO0192342, Liu S. et al., Organometallics 2007, 26, 210-216, Skupov KM et al., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 2033-2038) that include polar monomer to the backbone of the main polymer chain, so as to obtain ethylene / alkyl acrylate copolymers containing up to 17 mole% alkyl acrylate, in isolated units in the copolymer chain. The disadvantage of these systems is that they lead to low-molecular weight polymers (below 10<sup>4</sup> g / mol, or even below 10<sup>3</sup> g / mol, if only a significant amount of polar monomer (at least 10%) is included in the copolymer).
[0009] The use of these known catalyst systems does not make it possible to obtain copolymers containing sequences in the form of polar olefin blocks and non-polar olefin blocks, with a balanced content of each component in the copolymer, for molecular weights above 10,000 Da.
[0010] The second strategy used to copolymerize polar and non-polar olefins uses radical chemistry. It is mainly industrial processes that allow the production of, for example, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (ethylene / vinyl acetate or EVA copolymers, vinyl acetate / ethylene or VAE). However, these processes do not allow for controlled microstructure of polymers; in polymers obtained by radical polymerization, the comonomers are randomly distributed in the polymer chain which has branches; polymerization conditions are limited in terms of temperature (which can reach 350 °) and pressure (up to 3000 bar).
[0011] Other known radical systems allow copolymerization of polar and non-polar olefins under milder conditions. MMA / ethylene and MMA / 1-hexene copolymers are obtained using the AIBN radical initiator in the presence of comonomers (Nagel M. et al., Macromolecules 2005, 38, 7262-7265; Liu SS and Sen AM, Journal of Polymer Science: Part A : Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 42, 6175-6192 2004). MMA / 1octene and methyl (MA) / 1-octene copolymers are obtained in the presence of a copper system in "atom transfer radical polymerization" (ATRP) (Venkatesh R. and Klumpermann B., Macromolecules 2004, 37, 12261233). MA / hexene and MA / norbornene copolymers are obtained by radical polymerization using palladium complex (Tian G. et al., Macromolecules 2001, 34, 7656-7663).
[0012] The main disadvantage of these systems is that no sequence of non-polar olefins in block form is observed. Only isolated units of non-polar olefins in the polar olefin chain are observed in the copolymer.
[0013] It must be concluded that no known system allows adequate copolymerization of non-polar and polar olefins. Catalysis makes it possible to obtain polyolefins containing a limited level of mono2
However, radical polymerization allows polar polymers containing a limited level of olefin to be obtained.
[0014] The present invention proposes to eliminate the disadvantages of the above-mentioned techniques for copolymerization of polar and non-polar monomers.
[0015] It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of copolymerization of polar monomers and non-polar monomers, in the presence of a particular single component catalyst system, for the production of block copolymers containing both one or more polar monomer blocks and one or more nonpolar monomer blocks, in particular blocks ethylene.
[0016] A first aspect of the invention relates to a method of producing block copolymers from at least one non-polar monomer, in particular ethylene, and at least one polar monomer. Preferably, the copolymerization is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system made up of an organometallic complex with the formula:
wherein:
- Met means metal belonging to groups VIII, IX and X,
- Y is a metal oxidizing ligand molecule made from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from: O, S, P and N, preferably of the phenoxy type,
- -L is a complexing molecule formed from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from: O, S, P and N, preferably of the imine or ylide type,
- L 'is a monodentate electron donor complexing molecule such as phosphine or pyridine, preferably phosphine, and more preferably triphenylphosphine,
- R is a group based on an alkyl or alkylaryl hydrocarbon having from 1 to 20 C atoms or a cycloalkyl or phenyl type, having from 6 to 20 C atoms, preferably a methyl or phenyl group, the process leading to the formation of a block copolymer which meets the relationships set out in patent claim 1, without the addition of a cocatalyst.
[0017] A second aspect of the invention relates to copolymers with blocks of polar and non-polar olefin, containing both polar olefin sequences (blocks) and non-polar olefin sequences (blocks), which block copolymers are obtained by the above-mentioned method.
[0018] A third aspect of the invention relates to the use of a catalyst system made of an organometallic complex having the formula:
(In which Met, R, L, L 'and Y have the same meaning as above), for block copolymerization of at least one non-polar monomer, in particular ethylene, and at least one polar monomer. [0019] Other features and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description of the copolymerization method of the invention and non-limiting examples of the invention.
[0020] To solve the problem of copolymerization of polar and non-polar olefins, the present invention uses a single component inert catalyst system, based on metals belonging to groups VIII to X, used under mild temperature and pressure conditions, enabling the synthesis of olefin and polar monomer multiblock copolymers without length control various polar olefin blocks and non-polar olefin blocks.
[0021] The term "olefin" means an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one terminal covalent double bond between two carbon atoms. Olefins are non-polar compounds. The olefins used in the context of the invention are: ethylene, propylene, higher α-olefins, norbornene and its derivatives and styrene derivatives in the case in which the comonomer used together is not ethylene, propylene or α-olefin.
[0022] The term "polar olefin" means an olefin functionalized by at least one polar group; in the context of the invention, polar olefins (or polar monomers) are selected from:
- unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, and their derivatives,
- unsaturated carboxylic acid esters such as butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, and their derivatives,
- styrene derivatives, such as styrene or α-methylstyrene, considered to be a polar monomer when combined with α-olefin, ethylene or propylene,
- acrylamides and methacrylamides, such as acrylamide and methacrylamide, and their derivatives,
- acrylonitrile and its derivatives.
[0023] The first aspect of the invention relates to a method of producing block copolymers from at least one non-polar monomer, in particular ethylene, and at least one polar monomer, the copolymerization being carried out in the presence of a catalytic system made of an organometallic complex with the formula:
wherein:
Met is a metal that belongs to groups VIII, IX and X,
Y is a metal oxidizing ligand molecule made from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from: O, S, P and N, preferably of the phenoxy type,
L is a complexing molecule formed from heteroatomic groups based on C, H and at least one atom selected from: O, S, P and N, preferably of the imine or ylide type,
Y and L can be connected by a covalent bond,
EP 2 340 267 B1
- L 'is a single-member electron-donor complexing molecule such as phosphine or pyridine, preferably phosphine, and even more preferably triphenylphosphine,
R is a group based on an alkyl or alkylaryl hydrocarbon having from 1 to 20 C atoms, or a cycloalkyl or phenyl type, having from 6 to 20 C atoms, preferably a methyl or phenyl group, without the addition of a cocatalyst, this method leads to the formation of a block copolymer comprising one or more polar monomer blocks and one or more nonpolar monomer blocks, which copolymer meets the relationships set out in claim 1.
[0024] The polar monomer is selected from the following group: methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and styrene.
[0025] Preferably the metal is selected from the following group: iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium and platinum. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the metal is nickel and the organometallic complex will have one of the following formulas:
<img file="PL2340267T3_D0001.tif" />
\
PPh3 Ph or
Salicylaldimine Complex Phosphine enolate complex [0026] The method of the invention for producing a copolymer of at least one polar olefin and at least one non-polar olefin comprises reacting the above-mentioned organometallic complex in a solvent determined as follows:
- an inert hydrocarbon-based solvent for solution polymerization,
- liquid polar monomer (polar monomers) for bulk polymerization in the presence of these non-polar (liquid or gaseous) olefins and polar (liquid) olefins.
The polymerization is carried out at a temperature from -100 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably from 20 ° C to 250 ° C and at atmospheric pressure up to 300 bar.
[0027] Insertion of the polar monomer during ethylene / polar monomer copolymerization is facilitated by:
- increasing the polymerization temperature,
- addition of Lewis base to the system, for example triphenylphosphine PPh3, in an amount of x equivalents (x from 1 to 20 equivalents to metal),
- reduction of ethylene pressure (and thus of ethylene concentration in the environment).
[0028] A second aspect of the invention relates to copolymers with polar and non-polar olefin blocks containing both polar olefin sequences (blocks) and non-polar olefin sequences (blocks), which block copolymers are obtained by the above-mentioned method.
[0029] These copolymers have a number average molecular weight from 10<sup>3</sup> up to 10<sup>6</sup> g / mol and contain combined units (blocks) of each of the comonomers listed. The molar content of each comonomer may range from 0.1% to 99.9%. The portion of the copolymer containing the sequences of the units of at least one non-polar olefin may be linear or may have branches having from 1 to 20 C atoms. The PI polydispersity index of the block copolymer obtained according to the invention is from 1 to 6.
[0030] If:
- "pa" is defined as the bond between the polar monomer (p) and the non-polar monomer (a),
- "pp" is defined as the bond between the polar monomer (p) and the polar monomer (p),
- "aa" is defined as the bond between the non-polar monomer (olefin) (a) and the non-polar monomer (olefin) (a), it can be determined that the block copolymers obtained according to the invention have a structure which satisfies the following relationships:
Zp-a / Zp-p << l
Sp-a / for l-a <<
Σρ-α> 1 in each polymer chain.
These relationships indicate:
firstly, that the ratio of the sum of "pa" type bonds to the sum of "pp" type bonds is significantly less than 1,
- secondly, that the ratio of the sum of "pa" type bonds to the sum of "aa" type bonds is much smaller than
1,
- while in each polymer chain the sum of "pa" type bonds is greater than 1.
[0031] A third aspect of the invention relates to the use of a catalyst system made of an organometallic complex having the formula:
(wherein Met, R, L, L 'and Y have the same meaning as above), for block copolymerization of at least one non-polar monomer, in particular ethylene, and at least one polar monomer. This complex can be used to prepare a copolymer with blocks of at least one non-polar olefin and blocks of at least one polar olefin. It should be noted that preferably this organometallic complex is active in an environment without the addition of a cocatalyst.
[0032] The one-component system used is capable of catalytic polymerization of ethylene, which is known. Unexpectedly and innovatively, the same system is capable of homopolymerizing and copolymerizing free radicals of various polar monomers (examples 1 to 3). In addition, this system is able, in the presence of ethylene and polar monomers, to copolymerize and terpolymerize these comonomers (examples 4 to 12) and thus to produce completely new block copolymers. These copolymers and terpolymers have compositions that can range from 0.1 mol%. up to 99.9 mole% each of the comonomers. In addition, the activities depicted in the present invention are greater than or equal to the activities (measured by polymer / mol of metal / hour) described in the literature for the most active systems.
EXAMPLES [0033] All manipulations were carried out under an argon atmosphere. Solvents and liquid monomers were distilled over CaH2.
[0034] The microstructures of homopolymers and copolymers obtained in the examples below were determined by techniques <sup>1</sup>1 H NMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR. For this purpose, a Bruker DRX 400 spectrometer with 400 MHz frequencies was used for the technique<sup>1</sup>H NMR, 100.6 MHz for technique <sup>13</sup>C NMR.
[0035] Thermal properties (melting point and glass transition temperature) were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) using a Setaram DSC 131 device. The temperature program used corresponds to a temperature rise from -120 ° C to 150 ° C at a rate of 10 ° C / min.
[0036] The number average molar masses (Mn) and polydispersity indexes (PI) were determined by size exclusion chromatography using the apparatus and analytical conditions described in Tables T1 and T2 below, with polystyrene or PMMA standards. Molar masses of polyethylenes and ethylene / polar (semicrystalline) monomers are expressed as real masses, using the universal calibration technique by double detection (refractometry and viscometry).
[0037] The conditions used to analyze polyethylenes and ethylene / polar (semicrystalline) monomers are as follows:
Table T1
<td>Device:</td><td>Waters Alliance GPCV 2000</td>
<td>columns:</td><td>3 Waters Styragel HT6E</td>
<td>Temperature:</td><td>150 ° C</td>
<td>Solvent:</td><td>trichlorobenzene</td>
<td>Elution Rate:</td><td>1 ml / min</td>
[0038] Molar masses of polar homopolymers and ethylene / polar monomers that are amorphous are expressed in polystyrene equivalents (when the copolymer contains styrene) or poly (methyl methacrylate equivalents) (when the copolymer contains (meth) acrylic monomer), with detection of using a refractometer. The conditions for analyzing polar homopolymers and ethylene / polar monomers that are amorphous are shown below:
EP 2 340 267 B1
Table T2
Device:
columns:
Temperature:
Solvent
Elution Rate:
Waters, 515 HPLC (pump),
RI 410 (detector) x Waters Styragel HR 4E + 2 x Waters Styragel HR 5E
T column = 45 ° C, detector T = 40 ° C THF 1 ml / min
In examples 1 to 12, the organometallic complexes used, designated A and B, are prepared by the methods described in Grubbs, Organometallics 1998 17, 3149 and Matt, Chemistry - A European Journal, 12 (20), 5210-5219; 2006) respectively.
Or A =
<img file="PL2340267T3_D0002.tif" />
^ Ni \
PPh3 Ph
Or B =
<img file="PL2340267T3_D0003.tif" />
EXAMPLES 1 - 3
Copolymerization of polar monomers with two types of nickel complexes [0039] In examples 1 to 3, copolymerization of comonomers was carried out in the mass of comonomers at different ratios of these comonomers. The organometallic complex and, where appropriate, triphenylphosphine were dissolved in these comonomers. A constant polymerization temperature was determined by means of a thermostatic bath in which a round-bottomed glass flask containing the reagents specified above was immersed.
After reaction time t, the polymerization was stopped by cooling and then a polymer was obtained by precipitation from methanol. After drying, the mass m polymer characterizing the mass yield (g) of the reaction was obtained.
[0040] The value of the reactivity ratios of the two comonomers constitutes essential mechanistic information because it enables the identification of the implemented polymerization mechanism.
[0041] To obtain these reactivity ratios, it is first necessary to determine the copolymerization equation. The following polymerization reactions of monomers A and B are considered:
EP 2 340 267 B1 <sup>k</sup>AA
<td>ν / w A *</td><td> +</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td></td><td>as above A *</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td><sup>k</sup>AB</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>v / wa *</td><td> +</td><td>B</td><td></td><td> —►</td><td>o \ r \ s B *</td>
<td>ΛΤΌ B *</td><td> +</td><td>AND</td><td><sup>k</sup>BA</td><td> —►</td><td>as above A *</td>
<td>σνν B *</td><td> +</td><td>B</td><td><sup>k</sup>BB</td><td> —►</td><td>as above b *</td>
wherein A * and B * are active individuals associated with the monomers A and B, respectively.
The same reactivity is included, respectively, for all active A * and B * individuals, regardless of the length of the chain that substitutes the active individuals. Each active individual A * and B * can react with both the present monomers A and B in accordance with the reaction rate constants kAA and kBB for homopolymerization and kAB and kBA for copolymerization.
[0042] Then, the reactivity ratios rA and rB can be determined as the ratios of the homopolymerization and copolymerization reaction rate constants, i.e.
rA =<sup>k</sup>AA and rB = <sup>k</sup>BB <sup>k</sup>AB <sup>k</sup>BA
1. Complex type A: styrene / butyl acrylate (BuA) copolymerization [0043] [Ni] = 2.2 mM, V total monomers = 10 ml (polymerization by mass of monomers), m3PPh3 = 20 mg PPh3, if PPh3 is added
T = 70 ° C, polymerization time = 3 hours
Table I without addition
PPh3 + 3 eq. PPh3
<td>wt% BuA charge</td><td>wt% BuA polymer</td><td>Yield (g) of polymer</td><td>Mn 1. peak g / mol (PI)</td><td>Mn 2. peak g / mol (PI)</td><td>rA (styrene) calculated *</td><td>rB (BuA) calculated *</td><td>R<sup>2</sup> *</td>
<td> 20%</td><td> 20%</td><td> 0,67</td><td>2,4x10<sup>5</sup> (1,3)</td><td>3,0x10<sup>4</sup> (1,6)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 49%</td><td> 41%</td><td> 0,62</td><td>2,9x10<sup>5</sup> (1,2)</td><td>4,0x10<sup>4</sup> (1,6)</td><td> 0,82</td><td> 0,27</td><td> 1</td>
<td> 70%</td><td> 54%</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 4,8,10<sup>5</sup> (1,3)</td><td>7,0x10<sup>4</sup> (1,6)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 20%</td><td> 20%</td><td> 0,83</td><td> -</td><td>3,8x10<sup>4</sup> (2,4)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 49%</td><td> 40%</td><td> 0,87</td><td> -</td><td>4,8x10<sup>4</sup> (2,3)</td><td> 0,81</td><td> 0,24</td><td> 1</td>
<td> 70%</td><td> 54%</td><td> 0,8</td><td> -</td><td>6,9x10<sup>4</sup> (1,9)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
* calculated using the method of least squares, R<sup>2</sup>: coefficient of determination.
When the nickel complex is used alone (i.e. with 1 PPh3), copolymerization takes place and leads to the same copolymers (the same degree of comonomer insertion) as when the nickel complex with 3 additional PPh3 is used. The addition of 3 PPh3 leads to better performance.
The mechanism of copolymerization of butyl acrylate and styrene, using a polyolefin catalyst, is therefore in fact a radical mechanism (rA and rB in accordance with the values given in the literature,
RA (styrene) = 0.81 and rB (BuA) = 0.22 according to Polymer Handbook). The calculation of the reactivity ratios makes it possible to obtain a graph of the copolymer composition (shown in the attached figure 1 on the example of copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate). It is observed that the curve calculated based on the values of the reactivity ratios agrees well with the measured experimental values (with or without the addition of PPh3).
2. Complex type B: styrene / butyl acrylate copolymerization [0044] [Ni] = 2.2 mM, V total monomers = 10 ml, m3PPh3 = 20 mg PPh3, if PPh3 T = 70 ° C added, polymerization time = 3 hours
Table II
<td></td><td>wt% BuA batch</td><td>wt% BuA polymer</td><td>Yield (g) of polymer</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td>
<td></td><td> 20%</td><td> 21%</td><td> 0,36</td><td>3,1x10<sup>5</sup> (2,6)</td>
<td>without adding</td><td> 39%</td><td> 35%</td><td> 0,33</td><td>3,3x10<sup>5</sup> (3,3)</td>
<td>PPh3</td><td> 59%</td><td> 44%</td><td> 0,26</td><td>3,9x10<sup>5</sup> (2,8)</td>
<td></td><td> 80%</td><td> 58%</td><td> 0,22</td><td>3,6x10<sup>5</sup> (3,1)</td>
<td></td><td> 20%</td><td> 18%</td><td> 0,40</td><td>2,1x10<sup>5</sup> (2,6)</td>
<td>+ 3 eq.</td><td> 39%</td><td> 33%</td><td> 0,36</td><td>3,5x10<sup>5</sup> (2,7)</td>
<td>PPh3</td><td> 59%</td><td> 45%</td><td> 0,32</td><td>3,7x10<sup>5</sup> (2,5)</td>
<td></td><td> 80%</td><td> 58%</td><td> 0,23</td><td>3,1x10<sup>5</sup> (2,9)</td>
rA (styrene) calculated * rB (BuA) calculated *
R<sup>2</sup>
0,73
0,17
0,999
0,95
0,25
0.997 * was calculated using the method of least squares, R<sup>2</sup>: coefficient of determination
The mechanism of copolymerization of butyl acrylate and styrene, using a polyolefin catalyst, is therefore in fact a radical mechanism (rA and rB, consistent with the values given in the literature, rA (styrene) = 0.81 and rB (BuA) = 0.22 according to Polymer Handbook ).
3. Copolymerizations of other polar monomers (MMA / styrene, BuA / MMA) [0045] Copolymerizations were carried out with the two other pairs of polar monomers mentioned above (MMA means methyl methacrylate). These copolymerizations made it possible to obtain reactivity ratios for comonomer pairs by the method of least squares.
EP 2 340 267 B1
Table III
<td>Comonomer A</td><td>Comonomer B</td><td>Applied Ni complex</td><td>rA calculated*</td><td>RB calculated*</td><td>R<sup>2</sup> *</td><td>(Ra) (Rb)</td>
<td>Methyl methacrylate rA = 2.35<sup>**</sup></td><td>Butyl acrylate rB = 0.33<sup>**</sup></td><td>N, O-chelated alone</td><td> 0,74</td><td> 0,17</td><td> 1</td><td> 0,13</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>N, O-chelated from 3 PPh3</td><td> 0,82</td><td> 0,21</td><td> 1</td><td> 0,17</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>P, O-chelated alone</td><td> 0,97</td><td> 0,30</td><td> 0,989</td><td> 0,29</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>P, O-chelated with 3 PPha</td><td> 1,63</td><td> 0,55</td><td> 0,951</td><td> 0,90</td>
<td>Styrene rA = 0.52 ***</td><td>Methyl methacrylate b = 0.46<sup>***</sup></td><td>N, O-chelated alone</td><td> 0,87</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,997</td><td> 0,39</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>N, O-chelated with 3 PPh3</td><td> 0,79</td><td> 0,11</td><td> 0,980</td><td> 0,87</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>P, O-chelated alone</td><td> 1,40</td><td> 0,42</td><td> 0,980</td><td> 0,59</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>P, O-chelated with 3 PPh3</td><td> 1,06</td><td> 0,39</td><td> 0,980</td><td> 0,41</td>
<td colspan="7">* calculated using the method of least squares, R<sup>2</sup>: coefficient of determination; ** reactivity ratios given in Polymer Handbook for radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate; *** values of reactivity ratios given in Polymer Handbook for radical copolymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate.</td>
Copolymerization is facilitated by the addition of a phosphine ligand to the system.
EXAMPLES 4 - 14
Copolymerization of ethylene and polar monomers with two types of nickel complexes [0046] Copolymerizations are carried out in a 160 ml stirred reactor. Dissolve x mg of the catalyst (and triphenylphosphine, where appropriate) in 50 ml of polar monomer, and ethylene is introduced into the solution under pressure. The ethylene temperature and pressure are kept constant throughout the polymerization.
After the reaction time t, the polymerization is stopped by cooling and degassing the reactor, the polymer is obtained by precipitation from methanol. After drying, a mass m of polymer is obtained that characterizes the mass capacity (g) of the reaction.
[0047] Examples 4 to 9, the use of type A catalyst
4. Copolymerization of ethylene and methyl methacrylate [0048] The duration of 120 minutes is maintained, which is the time for which the reactivity measured against ethylene is constant.
EP 2 340 267 B1
Table IV
<td>Experience</td><td>T ° C</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>Time duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PPh3</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 50</td><td> 27</td><td> 120</td><td> 4,1</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 10000 (3,0)</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 6,5</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 12000 (3,7)</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 50</td><td> 150</td><td> 60</td><td> 6,2</td><td>x = 0</td><td>lack</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 50</td><td> 250</td><td> 120</td><td> 6,1</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 24000 (4,6)</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 50</td><td> 27</td><td> 120</td><td> 3,1</td><td>x = 3</td><td> 28100 (1,7) 600 (2,0)</td>
<td> 6</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 1,2</td><td>x = 3</td><td> 37600 (1,9) 2000 (1,5)</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 50</td><td> 150</td><td> 120</td><td> 4,5</td><td>x = 3</td><td>lack</td>
<td> 8</td><td> 80</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 1,8</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 45500 (2,6) 2700 (1,4)</td>
<td> 9</td><td> 80</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 2,7</td><td>x = 9</td><td> 32400 (1,6) 3400 (1,3)</td>
<td> 10</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 1,8</td><td>x = 9</td><td> 14400 (2,7) 500 (1,5)</td>
<td colspan="7">Table V: MMA insertion rate (mol% determined <sup>1</sup>H NMR)</td>
<td>Experience</td><td></td><td> 1 2</td><td> 3 4</td><td> 5 6</td><td> 7 8</td><td> 9 10</td>
<td>mol% MMA</td><td colspan="2"> 20,5% 2,7%</td><td> 0,2% 0,3%</td><td> 34,0% 7,7%</td><td> 4,5% 53,3%</td><td> 87,7% 50,1%</td>
Table V shows the molar MMA insertion rate, calculated from the spectra <sup>1</sup>H NMR copolymers. 5 MMA is included by protons -OMe, and ethylene is included according to CH2 minus protons
CH2 and CH3, those with MMA.
Table VI: Thermal properties of ethylene / MMA copolymers
<td>Experience</td><td> 1 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td><td> 9</td><td> 10</td>
<td>Tt ° C (Tg ° C)</td><td> 112,3 122,4</td><td> 125,5</td><td> 130,4</td><td>no (109)</td><td> (113)</td><td> (106)</td><td> (104)</td><td>lack</td>
Table VI shows the thermal properties of ethylene / MMA copolymers containing from 66 mol%. up to 10 95.5 mol% ethylene, with little or no melting point, which means no homopolyethylene. However, since the polymer contains ethylene, the copolymer is actually present.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR allows the signals corresponding to ethylene and MMA to be identified and makes it possible to distinguish signals (at 21.9 / 22.6 / 23.5 / 32.8 / 33.5 / 34.8 ppm) attributed to the differences between the ethylene and MMA units in the copolymer. These signals are of low intensity, which reflects the block (rather than alternating or random) nature of the copolymer. DSC shows that the polyethylene block lengths are insufficient to lead to significant melting.
5. Copolymerization of ethylene and butyl acrylate [0049]
EP 2 340 267 B1
Table VII
<td>Experience</td><td>T ° C</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>Time duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mol% BuA</td><td>M g / mol (PI)</td><td>1— About</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 485</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 0</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 210</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 0</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 210</td><td> 2,2</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 86,3%</td><td> 58 000 (5,2)</td><td> -49</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 75</td><td> 110</td><td> 210</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 6</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 240</td><td> 1,0</td><td>x = 9, R = Ph</td><td> 51,3%</td><td> 158 000 (3,3)</td><td> -53</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 50</td><td> 30</td><td> 210</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 3, R = Cy</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 8</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 240</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 9, pyridine</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
These results show that there is no melting point and therefore no long ethylene blocks (and therefore no ethylene homopolymer). The glass transition temperature Tg corresponds to the glass transition temperature PBuA (-50 ° C), so there is compatibility with the butyl acrylate blocks of the multiblock copolymer.
6. Copolymerization of ethylene and styrene [0050]
Table VIII
<td>Experience</td><td>T ° C</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>Time duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mol% styrene insertion</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 180</td><td> 1,2</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 64,2%</td><td> 4900 (1,8)</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 50</td><td> 110</td><td> 180</td><td> 0,3</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 16,5%</td><td> 7900 (3,2)</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 180</td><td> 2,2</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 73,3%</td><td> 3400 (2,4)</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 180</td><td> 1,1</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 42,1%</td><td> 100000 (1,2)</td>
<td> 5*</td><td> 105</td><td> 30</td><td> 180</td><td> 6,1</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 96,9%</td><td> 25000 (4,9)</td>
<td> 6*</td><td> 105</td><td> 100</td><td> 60</td><td> 1,9</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 90,5%</td><td> 35000 (1,9)</td>
<td colspan="8">* 40 ml styrene + 10 ml toluene</td>
The polymers obtained are amorphous (no melting point); there are therefore no long ethylene blocks (and therefore no ethylene homopolymer).
7. Copolymerization of ethylene and methyl acrylate [0051]
EP 2 340 267 B1
Table IX
<td>Experience</td><td>T ° C</td><td>pC2 bar</td><td>Time duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mol% MA</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td><td>1— About</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 240</td><td> 1,7</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 15,4%</td><td> 85 000 (5,6)</td><td> 20</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 240</td><td> 0,5</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 5,9%</td><td> 92 000 (2,7)</td><td> 0</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 240</td><td> 2,9</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 1,4%</td><td>lack</td><td> 20</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 240</td><td> 0,3</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 36,2%</td><td>lack</td><td> 0</td>
The thermal properties of ethylene / methyl acrylate copolymers indicate that the polymers are amorphous and the observed Tg oscillate around the Tg of poly (methyl acrylate) (10 ° C), therefore compatibility with blocks of methyl acrylate of multiblock copolymer occurs.
8. Copolymerization of ethylene and butyl methacrylate [0052]
Table X
<td>Experience</td><td>T ° C</td><td>pC2 bar</td><td>Duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mol% Buma</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td><td>tt ° C</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 240</td><td> 3,4</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 7,2%</td><td> 7300 (23,7)</td><td> 113</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 330</td><td> 8,9</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 0,5%</td><td> 8800 (18,3)</td><td> 128</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 50</td><td> 25</td><td> 240</td><td> 3,3</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 46,0%</td><td> 134 000 (6,5)</td><td> *</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 50</td><td> 100</td><td> 240</td><td> 5,7</td><td>x = 3, R = Ph</td><td> 0,8%</td><td>lack</td><td> 126</td>
The thermal properties of ethylene / butyl methacrylate copolymers indicate that the polymers are semicrystalline or amorphous. The crystallinity decreases with the degree of polar monomer content.
9. Terpolymerization of ethylene, MMA and butyl acrylate [0053]
Table XI
<td>Experience</td><td>T ° C</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>monomers ml</td><td>Time duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mol% MMA insertion</td><td>mol% BuA insertion</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 1</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td rowspan="2"> 30</td><td>MMA / BuA</td><td rowspan="2"> 240</td><td rowspan="2"> 0,5</td><td rowspan="2">x = 0</td><td rowspan="2"> 79,6%</td><td rowspan="2"> 0%</td><td> 94 000</td>
<td> 48/2</td><td> (6,1)</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 2</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td rowspan="2"> 25</td><td>MMA / BuA</td><td rowspan="2"> 240</td><td rowspan="2"> 0</td><td rowspan="2">x = 0</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 40/10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="2"> 3</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td rowspan="2"> 25</td><td>MMA / BuA</td><td rowspan="2"> 240</td><td rowspan="2"> 0</td><td rowspan="2">x = 0</td><td> *</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 25/25</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="2"> 4</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td rowspan="2"> 25</td><td>MMA / BuA</td><td rowspan="2"> 105</td><td rowspan="2"> 4,1</td><td rowspan="2">x = 3, R = Ph</td><td rowspan="2"> 41,2%</td><td rowspan="2"> 7,1%</td><td> 64 000</td>
<td> 40/10</td><td> (2,2)</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 5</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td rowspan="2"> 25</td><td>MMA / BuA</td><td rowspan="2"> 240</td><td rowspan="2"> 1,6</td><td rowspan="2">x = 3, R = Ph</td><td rowspan="2"> 37,8%</td><td rowspan="2"> 15,9%</td><td> 241 00</td>
<td> 25/25</td><td> 0 (6,2)</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 6</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td rowspan="2"> 30</td><td>MMA / BuA</td><td rowspan="2"> 240</td><td rowspan="2"> 2,6</td><td rowspan="2">x = 3, R = Ph</td><td rowspan="2"> 32,6%</td><td rowspan="2"> 28,8%</td><td> 205 00</td>
<td> 15/35</td><td> 0(6,7)</td>
EP 2 340 267 B1
The polymers obtained are amorphous (no melting point), so there are no long ethylene blocks (and therefore no ethylene homopolymer).
The following examples use a type B catalyst.
10. Copolymerization of ethylene and methyl methacrylate [0054]
Table XII
<td>Experience</td><td>[Ni] in mM</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>Time duration min</td><td>Performance<sup>g</sup></td><td>Catalyst + x PPh3</td><td>mol% MMA</td><td>Mn (PI) g / mol</td><td>tt ° C</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 30</td><td> 60</td><td> 1,3</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 0,9%</td><td> 370 (1,3)</td><td> *</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 1,3</td><td> 100</td><td> 30</td><td> 10,0</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 0,3%</td><td> 650 (1,2)</td><td> 110,8</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 100</td><td> 60</td><td> 4,1</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 0,6%</td><td> 970 (1,3)</td><td>lack</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 28</td><td> 60</td><td> 0,7</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td> 42,2%</td><td> 426 000 (2,2)</td><td> *</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 100</td><td> 60</td><td> 2,5</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td> 1,0%</td><td> 550 (1,1)</td><td> *</td>
The thermal properties of ethylene / methyl methacrylate copolymers indicate that the polymers are semicrystalline or amorphous. The crystallinity decreases with the degree of polar monomer content.
11. Copolymerization of ethylene and butyl acrylate [0055]
Table XIII
<td>Experience</td><td>[Ni] in mM</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>Duration min</td><td>Performance g</td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mol% BuA</td><td>Mn (PI) g / mol</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 2,6</td><td> 25</td><td> 120</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 0</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 2,6</td><td> 109</td><td> 120</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 0</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 28</td><td> 120</td><td> 0</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td> *</td><td> *</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 1,3</td><td> 28</td><td> 120</td><td> 0,4</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td>lack</td><td> 406000 (8,2)</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 2,6</td><td> 25</td><td> 120</td><td> 1,0</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td> 80,9%</td><td> 38 000 (6,4)</td>
<td> 6</td><td> 2,6</td><td> 115</td><td> 120</td><td> 0,8</td><td>x = 9 R = Ph</td><td> 66,0%</td><td>lack</td>
The polymers obtained are amorphous (no melting point); there are therefore no long ethylene blocks (and therefore no ethylene homopolymer).
12. Copolymerization of ethylene and styrene [0056]
EP 2 340 267 B1
Table XIV
<td>Experience</td><td>[Ni] in mM</td><td>PC2 bar</td><td>Duration min</td><td>Performance g</td><td>Catalyst + x PR3</td><td>mole% styrene</td><td>Mn g / mol (PI)</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 28</td><td> 120</td><td> 3,8</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 7,6%</td><td>lack</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 100</td><td> 40</td><td> 11,7</td><td>x = 0</td><td> 0%</td><td> 340 (2,2)</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 30</td><td> 120</td><td> 1,1</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td> 49,8%</td><td> 16 000 (3,4)</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 100</td><td> 120</td><td> 1,7</td><td>x = 3 R = Ph</td><td> 0%</td><td>lack</td>
The polymers obtained are amorphous (no melting point), so there are no long ethylene blocks (and therefore no ethylene homopolymer).
Contents10
13 members in 8 offices
Priority claims6
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0857293 | France | A | |
| 09760216 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 2009052058 | France | W | |
| EP20090760216 | – | – | – |
| FR20080057293 | – | – | – |
| WO2009FR52058 | – | – | – |
Members13
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2937643A1 | France | A1 | |
| WO2010049633A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| EP2340267A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| KR20110101127A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| FR2937643B1 | France | B1 | |
| CN102264784A | China | A | |
| US2011301295A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2012506920A | Japan | A | |
| JP5345693B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| CN102264784B | China | B | |
| US8796403B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP2340267B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PL2340267T3This record | Poland | T3 |
Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2340267
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL2340267T
- Application
- 760216
- Application, DOCDB
- 09760216
- Application, EPODOC
- PL20090760216T
Titles2
- English
- NOVEL COPOLYMERS WITH POLAR AND NON-POLAR OLEFIN BLOCKS
- Polish
- Nowe kopolimery z polarnymi i niepolarnymi blokami olefin
Classification
- CPC, 5
- C08F210/02
- C08F297/00
- C08F297/02
- C08F297/08
- C08L53/00