Shoe with ventilation in lower region of upper

[0001] The invention relates to shoes with ventilation above the sole and sweat moisture wicking through layers below the foot to improve the climatic comfort of such shoes.

[0002] In earlier years, the shoes have, in the upper range, some permeability to water vapor, also called breathability, due to the use of soles such as leather, with the disadvantage that there was water permeability in the upper, or the shoes were in the upper region due to the use of soles of watertight material, such as rubber or plastics similar to rubber, while waterproof, but also impermeable to water vapor, with the disadvantage that the moisture of sweat gathered in the field of the sole.

[0003] Later shoes were created that in the sole area were watertight but also water vapor permeable, where their soles were perforated with pedestrian holes and the passageways were shielded using an inner waterproof soleplate, water vapor permeable membrane, that although the water could not penetrate from outside to the inside of the shoe, but the moisture generated in the sole area could get from inside the shoe to the outside. Two different solutions have been developed here. Or the sole has vertical through passes through which the moisture of sweat can be carried from inside the shoe to the outer surface of the sole, or the sole has horizontal channels through which the moisture of sweat that collects above the sole,

[0004] Examples of the first solution, in which the sole has vertical passageways through its vertical thickness, indicate EP 0 382 904 A1, EP 0 275 644 A1 and DE 20 2007 000 667 UM. The soleplate connection according to EP 0 382 904 A1 comprises a microperforated bottom sole, also comprising a perforation of the upper portion of the sole and a watertight waterproofing diaphragm between them. In shoes according to EP 0 275 644 A1, the sole for the production of considerable water vapor permeability comprises relatively large, vertical transient openings and a water vapor-permeable protective layer is placed between the sole to protect the membrane between it and the sole. In shoes according to DE 20 2007 000 667 UM, the sole for obtaining significant water vapor permeability contains relatively large vertical passers-by, which are closed by a vapor-permeable protective layer. This sole is attached to the watertight upper system, making the shoe waterproof.

[0005] Examples of a second solution, in which the sole has horizontal, parallel ventilating channels, are known from EP 0 479 183 B1, EP 1 089 642 B1, EP 1 033 924 B1 and JP 16-75205 U.

[0006] In the shoe according to EP 0 479 183 B1, the sole on its side facing away from the outer surface comprises at the outer periphery a high edge of the sole through which

- 2 pass horizontal microperforations, i.e. running parallel to the outer surface. Inside the space formed in the area of ​​the sole's edge is placed a spacer with highly protruding soles, transversely spacers, which can be formed one-piece with the sole. In the area of ​​the sole's edge and distance from it there is an inner tape belonging to the spacer, through which the transverse openings also pass horizontally. Above the spacer is a vapor-permeable midsole or an insole under which the perimeter of the outer periphery is a studded upper leg comprising vapor-permeable material that is on the inner side of the inner spacer tape. Between the edges of the soles with horizontal microperforations and the inner tape with horizontal passageways is a waterproof, vapor-permeable membrane that extends approximately vertically upwardly from the inner edge of the sole. Thanks to the use of this membrane, it is impossible to get water between the spacers and further into the interior of the shoe, and on the other hand, the moisture of sweat that gets inside the shoe between the spacers can get theoretically to the outside of the sole structure. However, the moisture of the sweat must pass not only through the membrane, but also through the micro-perforations of the sole's edge, the passes of the inner-band passes and the material of the upper. which extends approximately vertically upward from the edge of the inner sole. Thanks to the use of this membrane, it is impossible to get water between the spacers and further into the interior of the shoe, and on the other hand, the moisture of sweat that gets inside the shoe between the spacers can get theoretically to the outside of the sole structure. However, the moisture of the sweat must pass not only through the membrane, but also through the micro-perforations of the sole's edge, the passes of the inner-band passes and the material of the upper. which extends approximately vertically upward from the edge of the inner sole. Thanks to the use of this membrane, it is impossible to get water between the spacers and further into the interior of the shoe, and on the other hand, the moisture of sweat that gets inside the shoe between the spacers can get theoretically to the outside of the sole structure. However, the moisture of the sweat must pass not only through the membrane, but also through the micro-perforations of the sole's edge, the passes of the inner-band passes and the material of the upper. it can get theoretically to the outside of the sole structure. However, the moisture of the sweat must pass not only through the membrane, but also through the micro-perforations of the sole's edge, the passes of the inner-band passes and the material of the upper. it can get theoretically to the outside of the sole structure. However, the moisture of the sweat must pass not only through the membrane, but also through the micro-perforations of the sole's edge, the passes of the inner-band passes and the material of the upper.

[0007] In the case of EP 1 089 642 B1, the sole on its side facing away from the outer surface comprises on the one hand a high edge spacer on the outer perimeter, on which upper side the vent channels are integrated, passing through the edge spacing, and in the range of the sole on the edge spacers contains hemispherical splines. On the upper side of the sole the upper sole is placed, which rests on the edge and edge protrusions and has a covered, permeable, water vapor permeable membrane with an extension approximately equal to that of the projection of the sole. Moisture of sweat, which collects in the space between the sole and the sole element, in which the soles of the soles are located,

[0008] EP 1 033 924 B1 indicates a shoe with a sole with a highly protruding from the inner side of the sole by the edge of the outer periphery through which the horizontal ventilating channels extend parallel to the outside surface. The sole is attached to the upper, which has a lower sole on the sole side, which has a studded tab connected to the lower side of the perimeter of the perforated mounting sole. In the space created in the area of ​​the tab studded on the bottom side of the mounting soleplate is placed a waterproof, water vapor permeable membrane. In the sole surface formed in the region of the high protruding edge of the outer periphery there is an air permeable material made of fibers, for example felt. Moisture of sweat,

- 3 soles for the external environment. Water that enters through the ventilation channels to the air permeable material, due to the membrane, must not enter through the mounting sole into the inside of the shoe. On the inner side of the sole, a nail protection plate is created so that this shoe is suitable for use as a safety shoe.

[0009] From JP 16-75205 U a shoe is known in which both of the aforementioned solutions are combined. The sole structure of this shoe includes a perforated mounting soleplate, a soleplate that has horizontal grooves extending to the inner surface of the shoe, horizontal grooves extending to the outer periphery of the sole and extending from these grooves to the outer surface of the passers-by; the bottom mounting soleplate is a watertight, water vapor permeable membrane and a protective layer, e.g. made of felt, between the membrane and the soles. The lower sole range on the sole side has the shape of a studded tab and is formed on the lower side of the edge range of the mounting midsole. While the membrane has the same extension as the mounting sole, the protective layer is on the same level as the studded tab and the protective layer only extends between the inner edge of the studded tab. Horizontal grooves are open in the perimeter of the sole towards the outside. Thus, the moisture of the sweat can diffuse from the inner space of the shoe both through the vertical passes of the passers to the outer surface of the outer surface of the sole as well as through the horizontal grooves to the side of the outer periphery.

[0010] DE 1 034 067 describes a shoe with internal ventilation whose perforated inner sole has air passages that escape into the air permeable openings located in the lower part of the upper and are carried from above in such a way that the interior of the shoe is combined with the outside atmosphere occurs at a higher level than at the level of the passage openings in the lower part of the upper. The inner sole has transverse grooves extending into the openings on the bottom side, with the lateral openings passing through the inner soles from the bottom of the transverse grooves, through which the air can enter the inside of the shoe.

[0011] JP S61 151 501 U and US 1 390 929 A describe shoe constructions in which air exchange can be provided by side open air permeable holes and through air permeable layers below the lower part of the upper.

[0012] Especially in shoes whose sole does not contain thicknesses, vertical transitive openings or for reasons of safety, for example due to the requirement of using a nail protection plate, they can not be used, but also in shoes whose sole has such a vertical passageways, it is advantageous to create a ventilation system in the area under the sole, with

- 4 where you can achieve a noticeable increase in climate comfort in the field of the sole.

[0013] With these assumptions, the invention forms a shoe according to claim 1.

[0014] The essence of the invention is the ventilation space defined by the air permeable spacer under the soles, which allows effective evacuation of the humidity of the sweat (water vapor), which enters through the layers below the foot.

[0015] The shoe according to the invention comprises an upper system and a sole, wherein the upper system comprises an upper material of the upper and a breathable layer located in the upper part of the uppers. The air-permeable layer is placed in the sole on the sole side, the lower area of ​​the uppers above the sole. The air-permeable layer has a three-dimensional structure permeable to air in at least one horizontal direction. The top material of the upper includes in the soles of the lower peripheral region at least one air permeable opening, by means of which a connection between the air-permeable layer and the outer environment of the shoe can be formed, so that air exchange between the outer environment and the permeable layer can take place. air.

[0016] Since in the solution according to the invention at least one air permeable opening, which in combination with the air permeable layer allows efficient removal of the sweat moisture, it is not formed in the sole, where in the context of the stability of the sole and especially in the thin sole shoe for aesthetic reasons it may not be particularly large, but in the lower soles of the material of the upper upper, where a large air-permeable opening can be created without any problems, a better exchange of air and thus a better water vapor extraction is achieved than in a boot whose at least one air permeable hole is formed in the sole.

[0017] Such an upholstery arrangement with an air permeable layer is also advantageous in that the air permeable layer, which is disposed between at least one air permeable aperture and the inner space of the shoe, can extend directly to the inner side of the upper material of the upper and is not limited, as in known solutions according to EP 1 033 924 B1 and JP 16-75205 U to the inner space between the edge of the tab of the studded upper material of the upper. For example, in the glued and studded shoes, the breathable layer is above the glued tab, and therefore can provide a larger surface for the exchange of water vapor and heat of the sole.

[0018] The solution according to the invention and the high efficiency of water vapor transmission and air exchange achieved with it are advantageous both in shoes that do not have to be watertight, as they are only used in dry ranges, for example work shoes in a assembly hall as well as in shoes that are worn outside and therefore exposed to moisture.

[0019] To the latter case, at least one of the vapor-permeable functional layers are present in at least one downward facing region of the upper system, whereby the breathable layer is placed under the functional layer. In addition, the air-permeable layer is immediately below the water-tight and vapor-permeable functional layer.

[0020] In an embodiment of the invention, there is both a functional layer of the upper and a functional layer of the lower part of the upper, so that the water vapor permeability is achieved with the simultaneous water tightness of both the upper and the lower part of the shoe upholstery.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the upper portion of the upper has a watertight and vapor-permeable functional layer, for example in the form of a laminate of the functional layer, wherein the air-permeable layer is directly under the functional layer or under the laminate of the functional layer. In connection with this embodiment, the advantage of the invention lies particularly in the fact that through at least one air-permeable opening in cooperation with the air-permeable layer, it is possible to exchange air and thus to remove moisture of perspiration and heat. The diffusion-limiting diffusion path that water vapor must initially overcome from the bottom of the foot to the breathable layer is minimized by selecting the thinnest structure of the functional layer and maximizing heat transfer. When the water vapor reaches the air permeable layer, it is additionally convected by the air flow, so that the difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is permanently maintained at a high level. You do not have to cover any further layers. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor. it is additionally convectionally discharged through the air flow, whereby the difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is permanently maintained at a high level. You do not have to cover any further layers. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor. it is additionally convectionally discharged through the air flow, whereby the difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is permanently maintained at a high level. You do not have to cover any further layers. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor. due to which the difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is permanently maintained at a high level. You do not have to cover any further layers. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor. due to which the difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is permanently maintained at a high level. You do not have to cover any further layers. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor. The difference in partial steam pressure between the two sides of the functional layer is the driving force for effectively removing sweat moisture. In addition to water vapor, heat is also dissipated by convection. Due to the fact that in the case of the pierced upper the breathable layer is placed above the tab of the upper part of the studded material, approximately the entire surface of the sole is available for exchange of water vapor.

[0022] In an embodiment of the invention with a protective layer of the upper and a functional layer of the upper part of the upper they are a shape-like sock of inner lining with a functional layer in which a part of the upper is formed by the functional layer of the upper and the upper is formed by the protective layer of the lower part of the upper. .

[0023] In a further embodiment of the invention, with the upper functional layer and the functional layer of the upper part of the upper, the upper functional layer and the functional layer of the upper of the upper are connected to each other in the lower end of the upper and are sealed against water over their entire boundary.

[0024] In an embodiment of the invention, the functional layer of the upper layer and / or the functional layer of the upper part is part of a multilayer laminate which, in addition to the functional layer, comprises at least one textile layer. Frequently used laminates are formed in two, three or four layers with a textile layer on one side or with a textile layer on both sides of the functional layer.

[0025] In an embodiment of the invention, the laminate forms a laminate of the functional layer of the lower part of the upper and / or a laminate of the functional layers of the upper.

[0026] In an embodiment of the invention, the functional layer comprises a water vapor permeable membrane. Preferably, the membrane is watertight and water vapor permeable. In a preferred embodiment, the functional layer has a membrane formed with an expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE).

[0027] In an embodiment of the invention, the air permeable layer is located under the functional layer of the lower part of the upper.

[0028] In an embodiment of the invention, the air permeable layer is directly below the functional layer of the lower part of the upper, which in the case where the functional layer of the upper part is part of the laminate of the functional layer also includes that the air permeable layer is directly under the laminate of the layer functional.

[0029] In an embodiment of the invention, at least one air permeable aperture is disposed in the upper material of the upper, such that it is at least partially at the same height as the air permeable layer.

[0030] In an embodiment of the invention, at least two air-permeable openings, in the transverse direction of the foot or in the longitudinal direction of the foot, approximately opposed are arranged in the lower region of the material of the upper upper. Thus, also convection air exchange is enabled or stimulated. The exchange of air from the relative movement of the person wearing shoes to the outside air is intensively stimulated. In the wind and / or walking or running, the air change increases.

[0031] In a further embodiment of the invention, the lower circumferential region of the upper material of the upper comprises a plurality of air-permeable openings that are arranged along the circumference of the upper system.

[0032] In an embodiment of the invention, the lower range of the upper material of the upper comprises a separate, breathable, upper material which is attached to the upper material of the upper and is thus part of the upper material of the upper. Such a breathable upper material that extends around the larger portion

- the circumference of the uppers, or even the entire periphery of the upper, has a large number of air permeable openings due to the structure permeable to the air. In an embodiment, the air permeable upper material can be made so stably that, despite the air-permeable openings extending almost wholly or completely over the entire perimeter of the protection circuit, it transmits the upper to the required shape stability.

[0033] In an embodiment of the invention, at least one aperture hole

2 air has a total surface area of ​​at least 50 mm²preferably at least 100 mm².

[0034] In a further embodiment of the invention, at least one air permeable opening is covered by a breathable protective material, for example a protective mesh or a metal or plastic grating, to prevent foreign bodies, e.g. dirt or stones from entering through the air permeable opening. The air permeable protective material may be in the region of the lower upper material perimeter, along the air permeable layer, either on the outside of the air permeable opening, or on the inside of the air permeable opening between the uppermost material and the air permeable layer.

[0035] In an embodiment of the invention, at least one air permeable opening may be closed using the device. The device is intended for temporary protection against external elements, at least against gushing water, so that water can not penetrate directly through the air-permeable opening. The device can be made in the form of a mobile device, for example a latch, by means of which at least one air-permeable opening can be partially or completely closed to suppress or interrupt air exchange between the outer environment of the shoe and the air-permeable layer. This can be particularly advantageous at low temperatures (e.g. in winter), since the cooling effect of the sweat and the associated cooling effect in connection with the air exchange through the transmission layer may result in too strong a cooling effect. By closing the air-permeable openings using a mobile device, excessive water ingress can be prevented when walking in very wet environments.

[0036] In an embodiment of the invention, for example a fan or blower installed in the air permeable layer ensures a constant air exchange with the surroundings. The fan power can be adjusted by itself to maintain the desired temperature set on the foot. The fan may be necessary especially with small or negligible relative movements between the shoe and the ambient air and at high ambient temperatures for a perceptible cooling effect.

[0037] In an embodiment of the invention, there is a studded shoe in which a soles tab on the upper material side is glued to the peripheral edge of the bottom side of the mounting sole or the insole with which the stud is glued under the breathable layer.

[0038] The invention is, however, not limited to shoes with a raised shank, but can be used irrespective of how the upper material's upper material range has been processed to obtain a lower part of the upper of the upper of the upper system. In addition to the performance of the stud, other known methods of execution are possible. As an example, we can mention the Strobel construction method, in which the upper material of the upper upper is sewn using the so-called Strobel stitching around the perimeter of the mounting sole; a method of execution with lacing of the bottom (also called "String Lasting"), in which in the soles of the upper end of the material of the upper upper, a rope tunnel is placed, for example in the form of a spiral loop loop through which a movable cord is laced, using which the end-side soles of the material of the upper upper can be pulled; and a moccasin version, in which the upper, except the upper and lower part of the upper, are made in one piece of one piece of the material of the upper upper, usually the skin.

[0039] In an embodiment of the invention, all of the shoe elements contributing to breathability are above the line of the upper and sole. Thus, all parts of the shoe except the sole coming into contact with the lower part are part of the system cholewki. Such a system of uppers can be completely completed before the sole is fixed to the upper system in a separate temporarily and optionally also spatially second production step for the manufacture of the shoe. The soles may be placed immediately after completion of the upper system in a uniform shoe production process or with completion of the upper system, the initially closed production step is terminated, whereupon the upper system is placed in a different production location in which the sole is placed on the upper system. This production site can be located in the same production plant where the upper system is made. The production site, where the sole is placed on the upper system, can also be found in a completely different place than the place of production of the upper system, that between the production stage of the upper system and the step of placing the sole on the upper system, the production process may be interrupted, while the finished, formed upper system is placed in the production site for placing the sole in the upper system. Because apart from the sole, all the elements of the shoe are placed in the upper system, not only the functional layer of the lower part of the upper, but also the breathable layer are fixed on the lower part of the upper or form part of the lower part of the upper before the sole is fixed in the upper, which for example, it may be by spraying or gluing, there is no need to place this production site, which is responsible for placing the sole in the upper system, further away than the sole, what is usually the usual methods and tools. The complex and delicate range of shoe manufacturing, namely the transfer and assembly of the functional layer and the breathable layer is recognized in the production of the upper system, i.e. in the production phase, in which nevertheless more complicated and complex steps are necessary

- 9 process than in the process stage, where only the sole is fixed on the upper system.

[0040] In an embodiment of the invention, the sole also includes at least one soles in the thickness range of the sole extending within its thickness. This embodiment leads to a shoe in the scope of the soles of which sweat and heat moisture can be evacuated, both in the vertical direction through at least one hole of the transversal soles and in the horizontal direction through at least one air permeable opening of the upper upper material. In addition, the at least one through-hole of the soles serves as an aid to improved drainage that will get into the above-soled range.

[0041] In an embodiment of the invention, for providing a safety shoe in or above the soles, a puncture-protecting element is provided, for example in the form of a nail protection plate. It prevents the situation when objects lying on the ground, especially nails that can get into the scope of the sole, pierce it and higher elements of the structure of the sole and lower part of the upper and get inside the shoe, and thus can hurt the user's foot arrogance. Items such as nails are picked up by a puncture protection element, which is usually a steel plate or plastic plate with adequate puncture strength. Because in this kind of safety shoe, the openings passing through the soles are not justified,

[0042] According to the invention, the air permeable layer is made as a spacer structure that is made in such a way that the air-permeable layer also maintains such a gap between the layers below and above that the air-permeable layer retains the air permeability of the layer. breathable.

[0043] In an embodiment of the invention, the air permeable spacer structure is made at least partially elastically. As a result, the walking comfort of the wearer is increased, because with this kind of air-permeable spacer structure, attenuation of steps and easier rolling when walking is achieved.

In an embodiment of the invention, the air-permeable spacer structure is made in such a way that at the maximum load expected according to the size of a given shoe by the weight of the wearer it undergoes a flexible deformation maximum to such an extent that even with this type of maximum load a significant part of the air conductivity the spacer structure forming the breathable layer is maintained. With this assumption for the air-permeable spacer structure, it is ensured that the air-permeable spacer structure when loaded by the wearer of the shoe is not completely compressed with the loss of permeability

- air, but that the distance function, and hence the air permeability of the spacer structure, is also maintained when the user loads the shoe in the range sufficient for the ventilation function.

In an embodiment of the invention, the air permeable spacer structure comprises a surface structure forming the first contact surface and a plurality of spacer elements extending from the surface structure vertically and / or at an angle from 0 ° to 90 °. In this case, the ends of the spacer elements departing from the surface structure define together a surface by means of which a second abutting surface can be formed that exits the surface structure.

[0046] In an embodiment of the invention, the spacer structure comprises two surface structures arranged in parallel with one another. Each of the surface structures thus forms one of the two surfaces of the spacer structure.

[0047] Not all spacer elements must have the same length so that the two contact surfaces on the entire surface expansion of the spacer structure are located at the same distance. For special applications, it may be advantageous to provide a spacer structure in different zones or at different locations along the surface extension with varying thicknesses, for example for shaping the foot structure of the bottom part.

[0048] The spacers may be made separately, i.e. they are not connected to each other between the two bearing surfaces. However, it is also possible to leave the spacers in contact between two contact surfaces or to fix at least one part of the contact areas formed therebetween, for example using an adhesive or because the spacers are made of a weldable material with each other, e.g. a glue material after heated.

[0049] Spacers may be rod or threaded unit elements or they may be sections of a more complex structure, for example a lattice structure. The spacers can also be zigzag or joined together in the form of a crossed grille.

[0050] By choosing the material of the spacers and / or by choosing the angle of inclination of the spacers and / or by selecting a part of the contact points in which adjacent spacers are determined and / or selecting the shape of the used lattice structure, stiffness and hence resilience can be adjusted the shape of the spacer structure also under load, to the existing requirements.

[0051] In an embodiment of the invention, the spacer structure is formed with a stiffening knit, wherein the stiffening is formed by gluing, for which an adhesive based on an artificial resin or by thermal interaction can be used, wherein the spacer structure is formed with a thermoplastic material and heats up it stiffens to a softening temperature, in which this material sticks to each other.

[0052] In an embodiment of the invention, the spacer structure is formed with a material that is selected from the polyolefin material group, polyamides or polyesters.

[0053] In an embodiment of the invention, the spacer structure is formed with fibers, of which at least one part is positioned as a spacer vertically between the surface structures.

[0054] In an embodiment of the invention, the fibers are formed of a flexible, deformable material.

[0055] In an embodiment of the invention, the fibers consist of polyolefins, polyester or polyamide.

[0056] In an embodiment of the invention, the surface structures are formed of textile, woven or knitted materials, with open pores.

In an embodiment of the invention, the air permeable spacer structure is formed by two air permeable surface structures arranged in parallel to one another, which are connected to each other by mono- or multifilaments in an air permeable manner and at the same time remain at a distance from each other.

[0058] In an embodiment of the invention, the surface structures are formed of a material that is selected from the group of materials including polyolefins, polyamides or polyesters.

[0059] In an embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the mono- or multifilaments of the spacer structure are positioned as spacers approximately perpendicular between the surface structures.

[0060] In an embodiment of the invention the mono- or multifilaments are made of polyolefins and / or polyester and / or polyamides.

[0061] The air-permeable spacer structure of said type, formed for use as an air permeable layer in the lower portion of the boot uppersheet, constitutes the subject matter of the invention itself.

[0062] The air permeable layer or the air permeable spacer structure that forms it has the function of a ventilation layer whose ventilation operation is based on a very low flow resistance for air. Air exchange effectively removes the moisture of sweat in the form of water vapor from the inside of the shoe to the outside of the shoe.

[0063] A further advantage of the invention lies in the fact that due to the arrangement according to the invention of the breathable layer in the lower end of the upper, standard soles can be used without further modifications. Especially in the case of mountain or trekking shoes, the boundary range between the sole and the upper system is sealed from the outside along the circumference of the boot by an additional rubber sole. Such a tape must also be perforated in the area of ​​air permeable openings. The coating soles may be used for the embodiments of the invention

When, for example, the air permeable holes in the upper material are placed above the end of the shell or when the additional soles tape at the points where it contacts the at least one air permeable opening of the upper upper material has on its side one or more suitable passage openings air.

[0064] The at least one air-permeable aperture may be of any shape. In an embodiment of the invention, at least one air permeable aperture has a circular shape, for example circular or elliptical. The shape of the at least one air permeable opening can also be rectangular, for example it can take the shape of a square or a longitudinally stretched rectangle.

Definitions [0065] Horizontal, vertical:

when describing a given item, e.g. a sole or an upper system, it determines a position according to the purpose in which the object rests on an even ground. [0066] Inside, outside:

inside means on the side facing the inside of the shoe; on the outside it means on the side facing the outside of the shoe.

[0067] Top, bottom:

top means, on the side facing away from the outer surface of the sole of the shoe; the bottom means, on the side facing the outer surface of the shoe sole, possibly towards the ground on which the shoe is located, again assuming that the substrate is even.

[0068] But:

okładzina stopy z zamkniętą częścią górną (układ cholewki), która zawiera otwór do wprowadzania stopy i co najmniej jedną podeszwą lub połączeniem podeszwy.

[0069] The system of the upper:

includes the foot for the opening for inserting the foot completely and has, in addition to the upper, the lower part of the upper. The upholstery system may further comprise one or several linings, for example in the form of a liner and / or a watertight, vapor-permeable functional layer and / or one or more insulation layers.

[0070] Upper material of the upper:

a material that forms the outer side of the upper, and thus the upper system, and, for example, consists of, or consists of, leather, textile, plastic or other known materials and combinations thereof. In general, such materials and combinations are permeable to water vapor. The lower circumferential perimeter of the material of the upper upper describes the range bordering the upper edge of the sole or above the boundary level between the upper and the sole.

- [0071] The lower part of the upper:

on the sole side, the lower range of the upper system where the upholstery system is completely or at least partially closed. The lower part of the upper is located between the mounting soleplate and the sole. In shoes with studded or made Strobel upper, the lower part of the upper can be made with interaction of the mounting sole (insole). The lower part of the upper can also comprise a functional layer of the lower part of the upper or a laminate of the functional layer of the lower part of the upper, which laminate can also assume the function of the mounting soleplate.

[0072] Mounting sole (insole):

the mounting sole as part of the lower part of the upper, on which the soles of the sole are mounted, the lower end of the upper. The mounting sole penetrates water vapor, for example, the mounting sole is made of a water vapor permeable material or is made in a water vapor permeable manner using holes (holes, perforations) that are formed by the thickness of the mounting sole. The midsole has a water vapor retub rating below

1

150 m²xPaxW^-1. The water vapor permeability is tested according to the Hohenstein structure model. This test method is described in DIN EN 31092 (02/94) or ISO 11092 (1993). [0073] Sole:

The shoe has at least one outer sole, but it can also have many types of soles that are placed one on top of the other.

[0074] Outsole:

The term "outsole" is understood to mean that part of the sole which is in contact with the ground / ground or forms the main contact with the ground / ground. The outer sole comprises at least one surface contacting the substrate.

[0075] Intermediate sole:

In the case where the outsole is not placed directly on the upper system, an intermediate sole may be added between the outer sole and the upper system. The intermediate sole can serve, for example, for lining, insulation or as a filling material.

[0076] Lining:

The lining is defined as the sock-like inner lining of the upper system. The liner creates a bag-shaped cladding for the upholstery that completely covers the inside of the footwear.

[0077] Functional layer:

vapor-permeable and / or watertight layer, for example in the shape of a membrane or a suitably processed or equipped material, e.g.

- 14 textile with plasma processing. The functional layer can form in the shape of the functional layer of the lower part of the uppers at least one layer of the lower part of the upper system, it can additionally be provided as an at least partially lining upper functional layer; in the case of both the functional layer of the upper and the functional layer of the lower part of the upper, these can be parts of a multi-layer, usually two, three or four-layer laminate; if instead of the functional layer cladding the functional layer of the upper and the separate functional layer of the upper of the upper are used, they are, for example, sealed on the upper side of the upper, in the upper side of the upper system in a watertight manner;

[0078] Suitable materials for a watertight, vapor-permeable functional layer are especially polyurethane, polyolefins and polyesters, including polyether esters and their laminates, which are described in US-A-4,725,418 and US-A-4,493,870. In an embodiment, the functional layer is formed with a microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) as described, for example, in US-A3,953,566 and US-A-4,187,390 and a stretched polytetrafluoroethylene that includes hydrophilic impregnating agents and / or hydrophilic layers; see, for example, US-A4,194,041. The term microporous functional layer is understood to mean a functional layer whose average effective pore size is 0.1 - 2 μm, preferably from 0.2 μm to 0.3 μm. [0079] Laminate:

A laminate is a combination of many layers that are permanently connected to each other, essentially by gluing or welding together. In the case of a laminate of the functional layer, a watertight and / or vapor-permeable functional layer with at least one textile layer is provided. At least one textile layer serves mainly to protect the functional layer during its processing. It is said here about a 2-layer laminate. A 3-layer laminate consists of a watertight, vapor-permeable functional layer that is embedded in two textile layers. The connection between the functional layer and the at least one textile layer is effected, for example, by using a discontinuous adhesive layer or a continuous, vapor-permeable adhesive layer. In an embodiment between the functional layer and one or two textile layers, the adhesive can be applied in points. Point or discontinuous application of the adhesive occurs because a full-surface layer of water-repellent adhesive would block the water vapor permeability of the functional layer. [0080] Waterproof:

The functional layer / laminate of the functional layer, optionally including the function layer / laminate provided in the functional layer / laminate, is waterproof if it provides a water inlet pressure of at least 1x10⁴ Pa. Preferably, the material of the functional layer withstands the water inlet pressure above 1x10⁵ Pa. The water inlet pressure is measured using a measuring technique in which distilled water at 20 ± 2 ° C

- 15 was applied to a 100 cm sample² function layer with increasing pressure. The increase in water pressure is 60 ± 3 cm water column per minute. The inlet pressure of the water then corresponds to the pressure at which the water first appears on the other side of the sample. The details of this procedure are specified in the ISO norm 0811 from 1981.

Whether the shoe is watertight can be tested e.g. with a centrifuge system as described in US-A-5 329 807.

[0082] It transmits water vapor:

The functional layer / laminate of the functional layer is determined (a) as permeable (a) to water vapor when the water vapor permeability Ret is below 150 2 1 m² x Pa x W^-1. Water vapor permeability is tested by the Hohenstein structure model.

This test method is described in DIN EN 31902 (02/94) or ISO 11092 (1993).

[0083] Air permeable layer:

The air permeable layer has a three-dimensional, air-permeable structure in at least one direction. This structure exhibits very low flow resistance to air. The air-permeable layer allows the heat to be absorbed and dissipated from the inside of the shoe through convection. The breathable layer has an air volume of at least 50%, in the embodiment more than 85%. The thickness of the breathable layer may be less than 12 mm, the thickness in one embodiment being less than 8 mm. The air permeable layer has a surface weight of less than 2000 g / m2², preferably below 800 g / m². The air permeable layer covers at least 50% and preferably at least 70% of the support surface of the foot in the lower part of the upper. In addition, the transmissive layer has a structure so rigid that the user's foot does not compress or squeeze to a small extent while walking.

[0084] As a breathable layer, for example, a spacer structure is known, which is known from DE 102 40 802 A2, but there is in connection with a material for the production of clothing reflecting infrared.

[0085] The air permeable layer may, for example, have a structure formed from polymers, a 3D spacer structure, or a fabric structure stiffened with polymer resins. The air-permeable layer may also be manufactured by injection molding, in the embodiment it may have a duct or tubular appearance or it may be formed of polymeric or metal foams.

[0086] The shaped polymer structures are based on polymer monofiles, fabrics, non-wovens or structures that have been formed into a ribbed, striate or zigzag structure through deformation and material formation. This structure can also be a three-dimensional structure, for example of polypropylene, in the form of, for example, a corrugated or other shape fed into a 3D structure of a filament structure. The deformation and fixing can be performed, for example, by a heated structural roller or as a thermoforming process. The shaped structures may additionally be laminated

- with a fabric or non-woven fabric to improve dimensional stability. A possible method of producing such shaped structures is described, for example, in patent application WO 2006/056398 A1.

[0087] The air permeable layer may also be formed of a 3D spacer structure. Such spacer structures usually consist of polyester or polyester monofilaments. Spacer structures may be distance knitted fabrics, spacers or spacers. The operating technology enables the differentiation of both the upper and lower surface of the product surface as well as the distance threads (directional threads) independently of each other. Thanks to this, surfaces and hardness, including the characteristic curve of elasticity, can be set according to the type of individual application. Spacer structures are distinguished by very high air circulation in all directions, also under load.

[0088] The spacer structure, for example in the form of a spacer fabric, can also be made by impregnating textile surface structures that before or after being deformed into a three-dimensional structure are impregnated with an artificial resin and thus receive the desired stiffness.

[0089] Inorganic fibers, such as glass fibers or carbon fibers, can also be selected as fibrous material for spacer structures.

Table 1: Selection of possible materials used for the breathable layer

<td>Pattern</td><td>Manufacturer</td><td>Characteristic</td><td>Name product</td><td>Thickness in mm</td><td>Weight surface area in g / m²</td><td>Air volume in%</td><td>Polymer</td>

<td>1</td><td>Colbond bv</td><td>Matte 3D structure with monofilaments, thermoformed to a zigzag structure</td><td>ENKA Walk: 8006H 5006C 7004H</td><td>3-12</td><td>100-2000</td><td>&gt; 70&gt; 90</td><td>polyesters polyamides polyolefins</td>

<td>2</td><td>Colbond bv</td><td>Matte 3D structure with monofilaments, which are welded at the crossing points together</td><td>ENKA Walk: 7008</td><td>3-12</td><td>100-2000</td><td>&gt; 70&gt; 90</td><td>polyesters polyamides polyolefins</td>

<td>3</td><td>muller Textil</td><td>3D distance structure</td><td>3-mesh</td><td>3-12</td><td>100-1500</td><td></td><td>polyesters monofilaments or</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td>multifile</td>

<td>4</td><td>Tylex Letovice ace</td><td>3D distance structure</td><td>Tylspace</td><td>3-12</td><td>100-1500</td><td></td><td>polyesters monofilaments or multifile</td>

[0090] In conclusion, the air permeable layer should maintain the gap between the foot and the sole and create a plurality of transitions that occur relative to the air flow with the least resistance, thereby contributing to the transport of water vapor and heat without adsorbing the water vapor. The air permeable layer has no or substantially no capillary action. The air-permeable layer is closed on the lower side by the mounting soleplate and / or through the filling layer and / or the sole and is open at least on its circumference in an air permeable manner. Preferably, the air-permeable layer is also open in the manner permitting air permeability on its upper surface. Upper,

[0091] Determination of the air permeability of spacer structures takes place in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9237 "Regulation of air permeability of textile surface structures". In contrast to DIN EN ISO 9237, the flow velocity and differential pressure are not measured perpendicular to the surface, but along the surface. For this purpose, a spacer channel bounded by closed surfaces is formed, to which a stream of air is supplied on one side. The pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the duct and the flow velocity at the air outlet are measured. At a pressure difference between 0 and 100 Pa at the end of the channel with a length between 300 mm and 1300 mm, the flow velocities between 0 and 1 m / s are measured. This means that the spacer structure,

[0092] Air hole:

It includes at least one hole in the soles of the lower peripheral region of the material of the upper upper. Preferably, there are at least two, approximately opposite, openings permeable to air. The air permeable openings may be introduced, for example, by extrusion, cutting or perforation into the material of the upper uppers. The shape of the air permeable opening can be any, for example round or rectangular. The air permeable opening may be protected by a breathable surface protective material, for example in the form of a grid or grid, before foreign bodies get into. The protective material can be made hydrophobically. The total area of ​​at least one air permeable opening is at least 50 mm² and preferably at least 100 mm².

In an alternative embodiment, the air permeable opening can also be formed directly by an air permeable material that can be used as the upper material of the upper and is a component of the upper upper material and has inherently required air permeability so that no additional holes need to be formed.

[0093] The invention is further elucidated in the embodiments. The attached drawings show:

Fig. 1: a perspective oblique view of a first embodiment of a shoe made according to the invention with a plurality of air-permeable holes in the material of the top of the upper;

Fig. 2: a perspective oblique view of a second embodiment of a shoe made according to the invention with a plurality of air-permeable holes in the material of the upper of the upper;

Fig. 3: a perspective oblique view of a third embodiment of a shoe made according to the invention with a plurality of partially closed apertures permeable to air in the material of the top of the upper;

Fig. 4: a perspective oblique view of a fourth embodiment of a shoe made according to the invention with a continuous in the area of ​​a protective circuit, a breathable, checkered, upper upper material member;

Fig. 5: a schematic view of a section through a part of the foot's front range which is made according to one of the embodiments of figures 1 to 4, respectively, in a first embodiment of the upper system;

Fig. 6: a schematic view of a section through a part of the foot's front range which is made according to one of the embodiments of figures 1 to 4, respectively, in a second embodiment of the upper system;

Fig. 7: a schematic view of a section through a part of the foot's front range which is made according to one of the embodiments of figures 1 to 4, respectively, in a third embodiment of the upper system;

Fig. 8: a schematic view of a section through a part of the foot's front range which is made according to one of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 4 in a fourth embodiment of the upper system;

Fig. 9: a schematic view of a section through a part of the foot's front range which is made according to one of the embodiments of figures 1 to 4, respectively, in a fifth embodiment of the upper system;

Fig. 10 is a first embodiment of an air permeable layer for use with a shoe made in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 11 a second embodiment of an air permeable layer enabling use in a shoe made in accordance with the invention;

12 a third embodiment of an air permeable layer permitting use in a shoe made in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 13 is a fourth embodiment of a breathable layer that allows use of a shoe made in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 14 a fifth embodiment of the breathable layer for use with a shoe made in accordance with the invention;

[0094] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a shoe 10 that comprises a system of an upper 12 and a sole 14 placed in the lower end-range of the system of an upper 12, which in this embodiment is an outer sole. The system of the upper 12 comprises in its usual manner an opening for introducing the foot 12a at its upper end, from which the lacing range 12b extends towards the front foot region of the upper system 12. In the lower end region of the upper 12, a number of openings around the periphery of the upper Air permeable 20. In the front portion of the range of the front of the foot, which approximately corresponds to the range of the toes of the shoe, in this embodiment there are no air permeable openings. The air-permeable openings 20 evenly distribute around the remaining perimeter of the perimeter system of the upper 12 with approximately the same distance to each other and are made circular. In addition, the air permeable openings 20 include a breathable protective cover 22 to prevent large particles, such as stones, from getting. The protective cover 22 may cover an aperture permeable to the outside and / or the center. One protective cover 22 can be assigned to each single air passage 20 or the entire protective cover 22 extends through all of the air permeable openings. The protective cover 22 can, for example, be made in a lattice or mesh form. The air permeable openings 20 comprise a breathable protective cover 22 to prevent large particles, such as stones, from entering. The protective cover 22 may cover an aperture permeable to the outside and / or the center. One protective cover 22 can be assigned to each single air passage 20 or the entire protective cover 22 extends through all of the air permeable openings. The protective cover 22 can, for example, be made in a lattice or mesh form. The air permeable openings 20 comprise a breathable protective cover 22 to prevent large particles, such as stones, from entering. The protective cover 22 may cover an aperture permeable to the outside and / or the center. One protective cover 22 can be assigned to each single air passage 20 or the entire protective cover 22 extends through all of the air permeable openings. The protective cover 22 can, for example, be made in a lattice or mesh form. One protective cover 22 can be assigned to each single air passage 20 or the entire protective cover 22 extends through all of the air permeable openings. The protective cover 22 can, for example, be made in a lattice or mesh form. One protective cover 22 can be assigned to each single air passage 20 or the entire protective cover 22 extends through all of the air permeable openings. The protective cover 22 can, for example, be made in a lattice or mesh form.

[0095] Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a shoe 10 that substantially conforms to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, but differs from the first embodiment in terms of the position and shape of the air permeable openings 20. The air-permeable holes 20 of the shoe shown in FIG. 2, they have a rectangular shape, longitudinal in the peripheral direction of the upper system 12, and are located in the front of the foot or the region of the heel of the upper of the upper end of the upper system. The air-permeable openings 20 also have a protective mesh shield 22.

[0096] Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of a shoe 10 that substantially conforms to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 2, but differs from the second embodiment in the arrangement and shape of the air-permeable openings 20. Also in the third embodiment, the openings The perpendicular has a rectangular shape longitudinally in the peripheral direction of the upper system 12. However, only air permeable openings 20 are provided in the region of the forward foot of the protective range, which are at least approximately opposite in the transverse direction of the foot. The air-permeable openings 20 are covered by a protective grille 22. Fig. 3 shows in addition

Representative of all embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4, a device 45 by means of which the air-permeable openings 20 can be closed if necessary. The illustrated moving device 45 includes means by which the hydrophobic material at least temporarily closes the air permeable opening 20. In the embodiment shown, using a sliding device, at least the hydrophobic material is advanced along the upper section through the air-permeable opening 20 until it closes. The sliding device may be for one air permeable aperture or for several air permeable apertures. The mobile device 45 allows the air-permeable opening, and thus the air-permeable layer (not shown) of the upper system 12 is temporarily protected from liquids such as water. Closing the air-permeable openings may also be beneficial in winter or at very low temperatures, because in this way it is possible to prevent the foot from cooling too much. As a device for closing air permeable openings, plugs, latches, flaps, a continuous belt and all other closing mechanisms can be used. Possible materials for closing the air-permeable opening are plastics, foams, coated textiles, TPU, TPE, silicone, polyolefins, polyamides and vulcanizates. because in this way you can prevent the foot from cooling too much. As a device for closing air permeable openings, plugs, latches, flaps, a continuous belt and all other closing mechanisms can be used. Possible materials for closing the air-permeable opening are plastics, foams, coated textiles, TPU, TPE, silicone, polyolefins, polyamides and vulcanizates. because in this way you can prevent the foot from cooling too much. As a device for closing air permeable openings, plugs, latches, flaps, a continuous belt and all other closing mechanisms can be used. Possible materials for closing the air-permeable opening are plastics, foams, coated textiles, TPU, TPE, silicone, polyolefins, polyamides and vulcanizates.

[0097] Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a shoe 10 that substantially conforms to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, but differs from the first embodiment in that the air-permeable openings 20 are formed by an air-permeable material that stretches. around the entire perimeter of the new upper range. As a result, a particularly high air exchange between the air permeable layer and the outer environment of the shoe 10 can be achieved, with effective removal of heat and moisture from the inside of the shoe to the external environment of the shoe 10. The breathable material is part of the material of the upper upper. In the embodiment, there may be a separate, perforated, mesh or mesh material, which is attached to the bottom circumferential region of the material of the upper upper on it or upper material of the upper is suitably mechanically processed in this lower circumferential region, for example by extrusion or perforation. As an air-permeable material, mesh, grilles, lattice textiles, open-pore foams, air-permeable textiles and combinations of these materials can be used. These materials may, for example, consist of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, TPE, TPU, vulcanizates. open pore foams, air permeable fabrics and combinations of these materials. These materials may, for example, consist of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, TPE, TPU, vulcanizates. open pore foams, air permeable fabrics and combinations of these materials. These materials may, for example, consist of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin, TPE, TPU, vulcanizates.

[0098] For all embodiments in Figures 1 to 4, it is common that the at least two air permeable openings are located approximately opposite in the transverse direction of the foot or in the longitudinal direction of the foot. As a result, air can flow through the air permeable layer, which can be pushed by convection when the steam and heat are discharged from inside the shoe. The air flow can also be produced actively with a fan mounted.

[0099] The embodiments in Figures 1 to 4 can also be combined with each other.

[0100] FIGS. 5 to 9 show one section through part of the foot range of the foot 10 and along the section line AA in FIG. 1. When such a section line is also shown only in FIG. 1, the section views of FIG. 5 to 9 to the same extent also for the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. FIGS. 5 to 9 show the structure of the upper 12 with the sole 14 disposed thereon, which in the illustrated embodiment shows the outer sole. The embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 differ with respect to the upper 12 system.

[0101] All upper systems 12 of the embodiments in Figures 5 to 9 comprise upper material of uppers 16, on the inside of which there is a cladding which either comprises a functional layer of cladding 34 (Figures 5 or 9), functional layer of uppers 37 (Figs. 6 or 7) or only the layer of padding 18 without a functional layer (Figure 8). In all five embodiments, a functional layer of the lower part of the upper is provided in the area of ​​the lower part of the upper. The functional layer of the uppers and the functional layer of the lower part of the upper can be common parts of the lining of the functional layer 39 (Figures 5 or 9) or they can be separate parts of the functional layer that are sealed to each other (Figures 6 and 7). In FIG. 8, only the lower part of the shoe has a functional layer. All of these functional layers in the illustrated embodiments are part of the multilayer laminate of the functional layer, in the illustrated embodiments of a three-layer laminate of functional layer 24, 27 or 28 with a functional layer 34, 37 or 38 which is embedded between two surface structures 25 and 26. Spacing structures in the 25th and 26th, textile layers can usually be. The functional layer of the uppers 37 or the laminate of the upper functional layer 27 (Figures 6 and 7) or the liner layer 18 (Fig. 8) can be fixed using the Strobel 32 on the mounting sole 30. Under the functional layer of the upper part 38 or the laminate of the functional layer the lower part of the uppers 28 have an air-permeable layer 40 (FIGS. 5 to 9) approximately at the height of the at least one air-permeable opening 20. On the sole side, the lower end area of ​​the upper upper material 16 is either taped to stud 16a by using a (not shown) adhesive for the bottom side of the mounting sole 30 (Figures 5 and 9) or the air permeable layer 40 (Figs. 6 and 7). Or the bottom end-range of the material of upper upper 16 is also connected via the further Strobel 33 seam with the further mounting soles 30a (Figure 8).

[0102] In all the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 9, the upper material 16 is formed of a water vapor permeable material. Also, with the water vapor permeable material, a midsole 30 (figures 6 to 8) and a padding layer 18 (figure 8) are placed above the laminate of the functional layer of the upper portion of the upper. All of the undercoat layers 40 of the lower part of the upper, such as the mounting sole 30 in Fig. 5, the filling layers 31 in Figs. 6 and 7 and the distal midsole 30a in Fig. 8 do not have to be permeable in the water range.

[0103] In embodiments 5 to 9, the material air permeable holes 20 of the uppersheet 16 are sealed above the bending range of the lower end range of the upper upper material 16, at a height such that the air-permeable openings 20 are located approximately at The air-permeable openings 20 preferably have a vertical extension approximately equal to the vertical thickness of the air permeable layer 40 and openings 40, and the same height as the lateral peripheral surfaces 42 of the air-permeable layer 40. In order to achieve a particularly efficient air flow between the air-permeable layer 40 and the air-permeable openings 20, the air permeable openings 20 preferably have a vertical extension approximately equal to the vertical thickness of the breathable layer 40 and openings the air permeable 20 and the air-permeable layer 40 in the vertical direction are facing each other in such a way,that the horizontal median plane of the air permeable layer 40 and the central axis of the respective air-permeable opening 20 lie approximately at least the same vertical height.

[0104] In all five embodiments with the lower range of the upper 12 system, the sole 14 is connected such that it remains in communication with the bottom side of the overlapping lower end range 16a of the upper upper material 16 and with a given lower side range of the upper upper portion that does not. is covered by this tab. The unevenness on the lower side of the upper of the upper, particularly caused by the tab 16a of the upper upper material 16, can be evened up by the filling layer 31. The sole 14 can be formed with a watertight material, which can be, for example, rubber or a rubber-elastic flexible material, for example an elastomer. The sole 14 can, however, also be made of a vapor-permeable material, e.g. of leather. The sole 14 may be a pre-fabricated sole,

[0105] In an unspecified manner, especially in the case of hiking shoes or trekking shoes in the uppermost upper edge 14a, the outsoles 14 of the upper material upper material region 16, i.e. where there is at least one transmission aperture 20, can be placed essentially serving as a protection against thick gravel, a rubber edge, for example by gluing on the material upper upper 16 and on the upper edge 14a of the sole, which for example has the same color as the sole 14. In order not to block the air permeability of the air holes 20, the rubber edge in places corresponding to the openings The transmission 20 includes air permeable openings.

[0106] In all embodiments of Figures 5 to 9, the air permeable openings 20 include a breathable protective cover 22, which is e.g.

23 formed by a metal or plastic grid or grid or by a textile material with high air permeability, and thus also high water vapor permeability. The protective cover 22 can be provided on the outside (FIGS. 5, 6, 8 and 9) or on the inside (Figure 7) of the respective air passage 20. A separate protective cover 22 or portions of openings are assigned to each breathing hole 20. Air permeable 20 or all of the air-permeable openings 20 is associated with a common protective cover strip that extends through an appropriate number of air permeable openings 20.

[0107] Figures 5 to 9 are considered for further details.

[0108] In the embodiment according to Fig. 5, the functional layer on the upper side of the upper upper material 16 and the functional layer on the upper side of the air permeable layer 40 are two parts of a sock-shaped liner 39 which lays the entire upper system 12 on its inner side, with except the opening for inserting the foot 12a. Such a liner is usually sewn from a plurality of functional unit parts, the stapling areas being sealed with a waterproof seam sealing tape, and thus being watertight. The liner can, however, also be made of one piece of material, which does not entail the need for stitching and sealing. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the liner is formed with the aforementioned laminate of the functional layer 24. The system of the upper 12 is thus watertight and when the sole 14 is attached, there is a watertight shoe. The air-permeable layer 40 is positioned in the region of the lower portion of the upper immediately beneath the laminate of the functional layer 24 of the liner 39. The air-permeable layer 40 extends over the whole of the upper portion of the upper and is available for the sole sole for exchanging water vapor and heat. Underneath the air permeable layer 40 there is a midsole 40, on the bottom side of which the tab 16a of the bottom midsole of the lower end range is attached using a (not shown) gluing glue. Instead of using a separate mounting soleplate in specific embodiments, it is also possible to adequately secure the bottom side or bottom surface of the adhesion of the breathable layer 40 so that a studded tab can be attached to the bottom side. In such an embodiment, the air permeable layer additionally assumes the function of the mounting sole.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, there are separate functional layers 37 or 38 on the inner side of the upper material 16 and in the area of ​​the lower part of the upper 15, which belong to the laminate of the upper 27 function layer or the laminate of the functional layer of the lower part of the upper. on the sole side, the lower end range 27a of the functional layer laminate of the uppers 27 is permanently sewn together by the Strobel 32 type seam with the mounting soleplate 30. The functional layer laminate of the lower portion of the upper 28 is under the mounting sole 30 and extends to a place under the folded end area 27a of the laminate The functional layer of the upper 27 is connected watertightly by

24 (not shown) sealing material, e.g. in the form of a sealing glue, such that the inside of the shoe due to the interaction of the functionally sealed functional layers 37 and 38 except the opening for inserting the feet 12a and the lacing range 12b of the shoe 10 is watertight, as when using a liner with functional layer. It is also possible to connect the functional layer of the lower part of the upper above the mounting soleplate, watertight, with the laminate of the functional layer of the upper. Because the functional layer of the lower part of the uppers 38 extends to a place under the bent end zone 27 a, and thus beyond the Strobel 32 seam, also the Strobel 32 is sealed by the functional layer of the lower part of the upper 38. Immediately beneath the laminate of the functional layer of the lower part of the upper 28 is an air permeable layer 40. On the lower side or bottom surface of the adhesion of the breathable layer 40, the stud tab 16a of the upper material 16 is fastened by a non-piercing adhesive. Thus, the air-permeable layer additionally assumes the function of the mounting soleplate. In principle, however, it would also be possible to use a separate mounting soleplate under the breathable layer. The unevenness caused by the ribbed tab 16a of the upper material 16 on the lower side of the lower part of the uppers 15 is compensated in the above-mentioned manner by the filling layer 31. On the lower side or bottom of the adhesion surface of the breathable layer 40, the stud tab 16a of the upper material 16 is fastened by a non-piercing adhesive. Thus, the air-permeable layer additionally assumes the function of the mounting soleplate. In principle, however, it would also be possible to use a separate mounting soleplate under the breathable layer. The unevenness caused by the ribbed tab 16a of the upper material 16 on the lower side of the lower part of the uppers 15 is compensated in the above-mentioned manner by the filling layer 31. On the lower side or bottom of the adhesion surface of the breathable layer 40, the stud tab 16a of the upper material 16 is fastened by a non-piercing adhesive. Thus, the air-permeable layer additionally assumes the function of the mounting soleplate. In principle, however, it would also be possible to use a separate mounting soleplate under the breathable layer. The unevenness caused by the ribbed tab 16a of the upper material 16 on the lower side of the lower part of the uppers 15 is compensated in the above-mentioned manner by the filling layer 31. In principle, however, it would also be possible to use a separate mounting soleplate under the breathable layer. The unevenness caused by the ribbed tab 16a of the upper material 16 on the lower side of the lower part of the uppers 15 is compensated in the above-mentioned manner by the filling layer 31. In principle, however, it would also be possible to use a separate mounting soleplate under the breathable layer. The unevenness caused by the ribbed tab 16a of the upper material 16 on the lower side of the lower part of the uppers 15 is compensated in the above-mentioned manner by the filling layer 31.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 only in that the protective cover 22 is not positioned on the outside, but on the inner side of the upper material 16 directly along the circumferential side surfaces 42 of the transmissive layer. air 40 and inner side in front of the air permeable opening 20.

[0111] The embodiment shown in FIG. 8 differs from the embodiments of FIGS. 5 to 7 on the one hand in that the upper material 16 with the exception of the lower lower portion of the upper lower shoe contains only the padding layer 18 and not the functional layer of the upper. on the other hand, the fact that there are two mounting soles and two Strobel stitches. The liner layer 18 comprises a mating liner 18a that is connected to a stitching mantle Strobel 32 with a mounting soleplate 30. The bottom end band 16a of upper upper material 16 is connected by a further Strobel 33 stitch with a further suture. mounting stud 30a. The functional layer of the lower part of the upper 38, which in turn may be part of the laminate of the functional layer of the lower part of the upper,

[0112] However, in the embodiment according to Fig. 8, the upper range of the upper is not watertight. Thus, the boot of Figure 8 is particularly suitable for use where the humidity at the top is to a lesser extent than with the humidity from

- 25 dołu i od boku, czyli do chodzenia lub wędrowania w wilgotnym otoczeniu, jeśli nie pada lub kiedy przebywa się pod wpływem deszczu tylko przez krótszy czas.

[0113] The embodiment shown in Fig. 9 corresponds substantially to the embodiment shown in Fig. 5. Unlike FIG. 5, the midsole 30 is made in such a way that the mounting surface 30 facing the air-permeable layer rises at an angle in the center and enters into the air-permeable layer. Thus, the lower surface of adhesion of the air permeable layer 40 is raised or compressed corresponding to the angular elevation of the mounting sole 30. As a consequence, two inclined planes form in the air permeable layer which, starting from the center, extend towards the peripheral side surfaces 42 downwards and in this method facilitates the flow of any water present in the air permeable layer 40.

[0114] Figs. 10 to 14 show, as examples, various embodiments of spacing structures 60 that are suitable for the air permeable layer 40 of the invention. For all these spacer structures, it is appropriate that they form two spaced apart contact surfaces, wherein the spacer structure with the lower bearing surface rests on a given support and its upper contact surface serves as a bearing surface for the layer located above the spacer structure, this particularly applies to the bottom part of the functional structure lining (figure 5 or 9) or the laminate of the functional layer of the lower part of the upper (figure 6 to 8). Both contact surfaces are created by one surface structure, which, being between the spacers, is kept at a distance from one another and from which at least the upper one lets through the air (Figure 11). Or only the bottom surface of adhesion is formed by the surface structure from which the spacer elements extend upward, the free ends of which form the attachment points that together have the function of the upper contact surface (Figures 10, 12 and 14). Or there is no lower or upper surface structure, but only one surface structure that has a wavy or zigzag shape, with lower and upper peak of a wave or tooth, which define the lower or upper interface (Figure 13). from which the spacer elements stand up, the free ends of which form the bearing points, which together have the function of the upper contact surface (Figures 10, 12 and 14). Or there is no lower or upper surface structure, but only one surface structure that has a wavy or zigzag shape, with lower and upper peak of a wave or tooth, which define the lower or upper interface (Figure 13). from which the spacer elements stand up, the free ends of which form the bearing points, which together have the function of the upper contact surface (Figures 10, 12 and 14). Or there is no lower or upper surface structure, but only one surface structure that has a wavy or zigzag shape, with lower and upper peak of a wave or tooth, which define the lower or upper interface (Figure 13).

[0115] The spacer structures shown in FIGS. 10 to 14 are considered in further detail.

[0116] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 of the corresponding spacer structure 60 as an air-permeable layer, the lower surface structure 64 bulges up around semi-circular projections or bulges 65, whose top peaks define the upper interface. Such a spacer structure 60 consists in an embodiment of an initially surface knitted fabric or solid material which, having obtained the shape shown, for example by deep drawing, is so rigid or stiffened that it retains this shape also under the load to which it is exposed. when walking a user in a shoe that is equipped with such a spacer structure. In addition to deep drawing, you can take

Also other of the aforementioned actions, namely deformation and stiffening by a thermoforming process or impregnation with an artificial resin cured to the desired shape and adequate stiffness.

[0117] Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of a spacer structure 60 suitable as an air permeable layer 40, the upper and lower surfaces of which are formed by two air permeable surface structures 62 and 64 disposed parallel to one another, which for example are selected from the group of polyolefins , polyamides or polyesters, wherein the surface structures 62 and 64 are connected to each other by the support fibers 66 in an air permeable manner and at the same time are placed at a distance from each other. At least a portion of the fibers 66 is positioned as a spacer at least approximately perpendicular between the surface structures 62 and 64. The fibers 66 are made of an elastic, deformable material, e.g. polyester or polypropylene. The air may flow through the surface structures 62 and 64 and between the fibers 66. The surface structures 62 and 64 are woven or knitted, textile materials, with open pores. Such a spacer structure 60 can be already mentioned, available from Tylex or from the company M ^ ler Textil, a spacer fabric.

The spacer structure 60 shown in FIG. 12 has a similar structure as the spacer structure shown in FIG. 10, however, it consists of a knitted fabric with knitted fibers or knitted filaments that have been brought into a given shape and, for example, are stiffened in this shape by a process. thermal or soaking with artificial resin.

[0119] Fig. 13 shows an embodiment of a spacer structure 60 with a zigzag or sawtooth profile into which a flat material was initially shaped, such that the upper and lower arms 60a and 60b define the upper or lower contact surface of such a spacer structure 60. Also a structure distance 60 of such a shape may be formed by the aforementioned methods and stiffened to obtain the desired stiffness.

[0120] Fig. 14 illustrates a further embodiment of a spacer structure 60 that is suitable as an air permeable layer 40 according to the invention. In this embodiment, from the only lower surface structure 68, the spacers are not formed by protrusions or bulges, but by a fiber bundle 70 that protrude upwardly from the surface structure 68 and which upper free ends together define the upper interface. Placing the fiber bundle 70 can occur by flocking the lower surface structure 68.