Electrochemical accumulator and vehicle comprising an electrochemical accumulator
Abstract
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11 claims: 6 independent, 5 dependent
- 1Zastrzeżenia patentowe 1. Akumulator elektrochemiczny z a) wielką liczbą galwanicznych ogniw akumulatorowych (2), b) pokrywką, c) obudową zamkniętą pokrywką, d) co najmniej jednym biegunem przyłączeniowym do elektrycznego stykania akumulatora (1), który jest połączony elektrycznie z grupą galwanicznych ogniw akumulatorowych (2), e) elektrolitem w obudowie, f) przestrzenią powietrza chłodzącego do przyjmowania powietrza chłodzącego do chłodzenia ogniw akumulatorowych (2), g) przestrzenią odgazowania do przyjmowania gazu wychodzącego w przypadku zakłócenia z ogniw akumulatorowych, przy czym h) przestrzeń powietrza chłodzącego i przestrzeń odgazowania są wykonane gazoszczelnie, oddzielnie względem siebie, i) przestrzeń powietrza chłodzącego i przestrzeń odgazowania są prowadzone niezależnie od siebie z obudowy, znamienny tym, że j) przestrzeń gazu chłodzącego zawiera kanały (7), które są prowadzone na zewnątrz ogniw akumulatorowych (2) na płaszczach (14) ogniw akumulatorowych (2).
- 2Akumulator elektrochemiczny według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że ogniwa akumulatorowe (2) są wykonane cylindrycznie.
- 3Akumulator elektrochemiczny według zastrz. 1 lub 2, znamienny tym, że przestrzeń odgazowania obejmuje przestrzenie cylindryczne, które są rozmieszczone poza ogniwami akumulatorowymi (2) na powierzchniach podstawowych lub powierzchniach pokrywających ogniw akumulatorowych (2).
- 4Akumulator elektrochemiczny według jednego z poprzedzających zastrzeżeń, znamienny tym, że ogniwa akumulatorowe (2) wykazują otwory pękające, poprzez które wewnętrzne przestrzenie ogniw akumulatorowych (2) są połączone w taki sposób z przestrzenią odgazowania, że gaz może ulatniać się z wewnętrznych przestrzeni ogniw akumulatorowych (2) do przestrzeni odgazowania.
- 5Akumulator elektrochemiczny według zastrz. 4, znamienny tym, że otwory pękające są zamknięte membranami pękającymi.
- 6Akumulator elektrochemiczny według jednego z poprzedzających zastrzeżeń, znamienny tym, że w obudowie przewiduje się nośnik (3), w którym ogniwa akumulatorowe (2) znajdują się w zabudowanym stanie.
- 7Akumulator elektrochemiczny według jednego z poprzedzających zastrzeżeń, znamienny tym, że ogniwa akumulatorowe (2) są ogniwami litowymi.
- 8Pojazd z a) akumulatorem elektrochemicznym według jednego z poprzedzających zastrzeżeń, b) gazową przestrzenią pojazdu i c) wentylatorem, który jest wykonany do prowadzenia powietrza chłodzącego (16, 17) z gazowej przestrzeni pojazdu do akumulatora.
- 9Pojazd według zastrz. 8, znamienny tym, że wentylator jest tak umieszczony pomiędzy akumulatorem i gazową przestrzenią pojazdu, że powietrze chłodzące (16, 17) z gazowej przestrzeni pojazdu jest tłoczone przez akumulator.
- 10Pojazd według zastrz. 8, znamienny tym, że wentylator jest tak umieszczony za akumulatorem, że powietrze chłodzące (16, 17) jest wyciągane z gazowej przestrzeni pojazdu przez akumulator.
- 11Pojazd według jednego z zastrz. 8-10, znamienny tym, że pojazd jest wykonany jako pojazd hybrydowy lub jako pojazd elektryczny. EP 2 248 205 B1 EP 2 248 205 B1 EP 2 248 205 B1 EP 2 248 205 B1 EP 2 248 205 B1
Independent claims11
49 paragraphs, as filed
The invention relates to an electrochemical battery having the features according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a vehicle with this electrochemical battery.
[0002] High-performance batteries with high energy densities in galvanic cells are used especially in hybrid vehicles (e.g. battery and fuel cell vehicle) and electric vehicles (e.g. electric road vehicles).
[0003] High energy densities lead to high heat generation. To achieve battery performance and be able to work in a wide operating range (which is given by outside temperatures), it is necessary to cool the batteries efficiently.
[0004] Effective and cheap cooling of batteries is achieved by air cooling. In the case of air cooling, air cooling ducts are provided between the individual battery cells, through which cooling air is led through a fan.
[0005] It is known that the cooling air available for cooling the battery should be taken from the conditioned gas space of the vehicle and especially in countries with high average annual temperatures the use of outside air is ineffective. In addition, when outside air is used, filtration systems are needed to free cooling air from contaminants (e.g. sand) before the cooling air passes through the battery, which increases the cost of these cooling systems.
[0006] Highly efficient batteries with high energy densities require, in addition to effective cooling of the safety system to protect the battery against gas pressure in the battery cells. Excessive gas pressure in battery cells can lead to violent reactions and ignitions in battery cells, which can harm people and the environment.
[0007] As a safety system against gas overpressure in battery cells, the battery cell walls are connected, e.g., to cracked holes (desired weakening points). These desirable points of weakness can, in the event of damage (e.g. short circuit, overcharging, poor handling), which is associated with gas overpressure in battery cells, prevent the battery cells from exploding. Under certain conditions, the battery cells open and reduce the gas overpressure generated inside the battery cells. The gas escaping through the open desired weakening points leaves the accumulator through the cooling air ducts. Gases emitted from battery cells are harmful to health.
[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an efficiently cooled, efficient and safe electrochemical battery that can be used especially in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. It is the object of the present invention to further develop a vehicle with this highly efficient and user-friendly battery.
[0009] This task is solved by means of an electrochemical battery (hereinafter referred to as the battery) with the features of claim 1 and a vehicle with the features of claim 9.
[0010] The accumulator according to the invention avoids the danger that the gas coming out of the battery cells gets through the cooling air space into the gas space of the vehicle and threatens the persons therein when the cooling gas space and the degassing space are led from the housing independently of each other.
[0011] Thanks to this construction, it is excluded that the gas from the battery cells gets into the cooling circuit and hence into the gas space of the vehicle.
[0012] Due to the precise spatial separation of the cooling system and the degassing system, the necessary and expensive valve and flap mechanisms in known air-cooled batteries by which the cooling system is separated from the gas space of the vehicle are avoided. Due to the falling off valve and flap mechanisms, the efficiency of air cooling also increases, because with the valve and flap mechanisms, the cooling air resists. In addition, the accumulator according to the invention avoids the cooling system which is separate from the degassing system and which has its own heat exchangers, which brings the cooling air to the required input temperature. Due to the high production costs of this type of separate cooling system, the battery according to the invention is a cost-effective alternative.
[0013] The battery cells in the battery according to the invention are preferably made in the shape of a cylinder. In the case of cylindrical battery cells, thin-film electrodes are intentionally used, which are initially stacked and then rolled into a cylindrical battery cell. This design allows placing large active electrode surfaces in a small space, which increases the battery capacity.
[0014] The cooling air space in the accumulator according to the invention comprises channels that are guided outside the battery cells on the shells of cylindrical battery cells. This embodiment allows direct contact between the cooling system and the battery cells, whereby effective cooling is obtained. In addition, a large number of cooling air ducts can be routed around each individual battery cell.
[0015] In one embodiment, the outgassing space comprises cylindrical spaces that are arranged outside the battery cells on the basic surfaces or corner surfaces of the battery cells. Due to this construction, it is possible to predict cracking holes on the basic surfaces or covering the surfaces of battery cells. With cylindrical battery cells, this degassing space arrangement also allows for a simple separation of the cooling air space and the degassing space.
[0016] According to the invention, it is envisaged that the battery cells will have break holes through which the internal spaces of the battery cells are so connected to the degassing space that gas can escape from the internal spaces of the battery cells into the degassing space. The cracking holes serve as an overpressure valve and discharge gas intentionally from the internal spaces of the battery cells to the degassing space.
[0017] In a particular embodiment, the bursting holes are closed by bursting membranes, which at a certain overpressure in the inner spaces of the battery cells allow gas to be released from the inner spaces of the battery cells. The rupture membranes can be made such that they rupture at a certain overpressure, but it is conceivable that they act as an overpressure valve that closes again automatically when the pressure in the internal space of the battery cell drops below a predetermined value.
[0018] In a particular embodiment, a housing is provided in the housing in which the battery cells are mounted in a folded state.
[0019] A very efficient battery is obtained when the battery cells are made as lithium cells.
[0020] According to the invention, a vehicle is provided which is equipped with the battery according to the invention.
[0021] Cooling air from the gaseous space of the vehicle is intentionally fed to the battery via a fan. The fan can be placed between the battery and the gas space of the vehicle that the cooling air from the gas space of the vehicle is pumped through the battery, but it is also conceivable that the fan is located behind the battery so that the cooling air from the gas space of the vehicle is extracted from battery. By "for" is meant that the battery is located between the fan and the gas space of the vehicle. The fan creates suction both through the battery and through the gas space of the vehicle, so that cooling air is attracted.
[0022] The vehicle according to the invention is particularly advantageous when it is made as a hybrid vehicle or as an electric vehicle, since efficient vehicles are needed in such vehicles. The vehicle of the invention may be land, water or air vehicles.
[0023] The invention will be further elucidated by means of the embodiment shown in the following figures.
In the picture
Figs. 1 and 2 show a perspective view of a module with a large number of galvanic battery cells, a
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are three perspective views of a galvanic battery cell of the module of Figs. 1 and 2.
[0024] Fig. 1 shows a module of a large number of galvanic battery cells (hereinafter referred to as battery cells).
[0025] The battery cells 2 are cylindrical wound round battery cells. The coiled system comprises a positive electrode (not shown) and a negative electrode (not shown) with a separator between them and a non-aqueous electrolyte. 2 battery cells are lithium battery cells.
[0026] The battery cells are mounted in a carrier 3 which is made of plastic.
[0027] The carrier 3 has a single bottom 4 and a double bottom 5. The single bottom 4 and a double bottom 5 are connected to each other via bridges 6 so that they lie at a certain distance and parallel to each other. A channel 7 is formed between the two bridges 6. The channels 7 form a space for the cooling gas of the accumulator according to the invention. Cooling air can be led through the channels 7 to cool the battery cells 2, e.g. by means of a fan. [0028] The double bottom 5 comprises two parallel plates 8 spaced apart from each other.
[0029] Between the plates 8 are cylindrical jackets 9, which form cylindrical spaces. One jacket 9 is provided for each battery cell 2.
[0030] In the double bottom 5, lateral air inlets 10 are provided for supplying cooling air.
[0031] The air inlets 10 on the edge of the module 1 are wider than the air inlets 10 which are not arranged on the edge of the module.
[0032] In Fig. 2, spline slots can be recognized in a single bottom 4
11. Cooling air can again come out through the outlet slots 11, which enters through the air inlets 10 and can flow through the channels
7. The channel 7 ends in each case in the outlet slot 11. In the present case, channels 7 are provided around each battery cell 6, each with six outlet slots 11. The outlet slots 11 are arranged cylindrically around the battery cells 2 and each have the same length. Of course, the spline slots 11 and channels 7 may also have different lengths.
[0033] By means of the jumpers 6, the individual channels are separated from each other, and on the other hand they serve to fix the individual battery cells 2.
[0034] Fig. 3 shows a single battery cell 2 enlarged.
[0035] The battery cell 2 has a positive pole 12 and a negative pole
13. The negative pole 13 is electrically connected to the jacket 14 of the battery cell 2. The positive pole 12 is electrically insulated from the jacket 14 by means of insulation 15. The positive pole 12 is electrically connected in the battery cell 2 to the positive electrode.
[0036] The part of the carrier 3 that extends around the battery cell shown in Fig. 3 is only about half shown for better overview, the front part of the carrier being lowered in the view in Fig. 3.
[0037] The battery cell 2 is so fixed in the carrier between the single bottom 4 and the upper plate 8 of the double bottom 5 that it cannot move in the vertical direction V with respect to the carrier 3.
[0038] In the horizontal direction H, the battery cell 2 is attached by means of a bridge 6.
[0039] Arrow 16 indicates the cooling air that enters the air inlet 10. Cooling air flows along the channels 7 helically relative to the outlet slots 11. In the outlet slots 11, the cooling air leaves the carrier 3 and this is indicated by arrow 17.
[0040] In Fig. 3, approximately half of the cylindrical jacket can be recognized
9.
[0041] It can be seen in Fig. 4 that due to the cylindrical jacket 9, the bottom 18 of the battery cell 2 and the bottom plate 8, the groove gas is separated. Bottom 18 is made in the form of a rupture membrane. First, the rupture membrane acts as a gas drain valve when the internal gas pressure in the battery cell 2 rises above a predetermined value, and besides, the rupture membrane breaks the electric wire between the negative electrode provided in the battery cell 2 and the jacket 14 or the negative pole 13.
[0042] Fig. 5 shows the battery cell 2 of Figs. 3 and 4 in an exploded view to visualize the seal arrangement 19. The bottom 18 of the battery cell 2, which is made in the form of a rupture membrane, extends a small piece up to below edge of the jacket 14. This increases the contact area of the seal 19 to the battery cell 2, and thereby increases the seal's effectiveness. The diameter of the seal 19 is adapted to the bottom 18 so that the seal 19 adheres exactly to the bottom 18.
[0044] The adhesion of the seal 19 to the cylindrical jacket 9 is increased by the fact that the upper edge of the cylindrical jacket 19 shows a recess in material 21 in which the seal 19 adheres exactly (Fig. 4).
10 members in 7 offices
Priority claims8
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102008013188 | Germany | A | |
| 102008013188 | Germany | A | |
| 09717138 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 2009001460 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 2009001460 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| DE20081013188 | – | – | – |
| EP20090717138 | – | – | – |
| WO2009EP01460 | – | – | – |
Members10
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009109346A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| DE102008013188A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| EP2248205A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US2011056758A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CN102017225A | China | A | |
| US8100211B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP2248205B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ES2425272T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| PL2248205T3This record | Poland | T3 | |
| CN102017225B | China | B |
Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2248205
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL2248205T
- Application
- 717138
- Application, DOCDB
- 09717138
- Application, EPODOC
- PL20090717138T
Titles2
- English
- ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR AND VEHICLE COMPRISING AN ELECTROCHEMICAL ACCUMULATOR
- Polish
- Akumulator elektrochemiczny i pojazd z akumulatorem elektrochemicznym
Classification
- CPC, 10
- H01M10/625
- H01M10/613
- H01M10/052
- H01M10/6563
- H01M10/643
- H01M10/6566
- Y02E60/10
- H01M50/147
- H01M50/3425
- H01M50/107
- IPC, 5
- B60K1 04
- H01M10 36
- H01M10 50
- H01M50 107
- H01M50 147