Radiators

The invention relates to radiators, methods of operating radiators, a radiator system and a method of operating a radiator system, methods of controlling electricity, consumed by ^team containing at least one radiator and electricity consumption systems by radiators.

[0002] Various prior patents relating to heating systems are known, but very few of them apply to autonomous heaters, where a closed flow path occurs in the heater. The following patents apply to general heating systems: GB 2206685, GB 2411462, GB 2305720, GB 2251063, GB 2298265, GB 2211593, WO 2005/045326, WO 2004/102077, WO 03/042607, WO 2005/022953, EP 1653165 and EP 088681 The Applicant is also aware that other patents include remote controls that are of no particular relevance to the invention, and these are EP 1160640, EP 1460347, EP 1355212, EP 1184768, EP 1085288, EP 0716273, EP 1491980, EP 0594886. , WO 2005/069820, WO 03/093916 and GB 2 198 264.

[0003] According to the invention, the device and method are provided, as set forth in the appended claims. Other features of the invention result from the dependent claims and the description.

[0004] According to one embodiment of the invention, a radiator is provided comprising a closed flow path through which an electrically heated fluid is to be operated, a control unit adapted to control the operation of the heater and a receiving device adapted to receive at least one operating instruction from the used remote system. a control, and which is adapted to send at least one operating instruction to the control unit so that, when used, the heater can be controlled by the remote control system, the flow path includes a gas controller (20) containing the parts against the current and with the path current and the intermediate part between these parts against electricity and electricity,wherein the intermediate part is at a higher height than the parts against the current and with the path current.

[0005] Preferably, at least one operating instruction includes a temperature setting.

[0006] Preferably, at least one operating instruction includes times for starting and stopping the heater.

[0007] The invention also includes a method of operating a heater when the heater is as shown here and vice versa.

[0008] Further features of the invention are defined in the claims and elsewhere in the description, and any one of the features may be combined with any embodiment of the invention.

[0009] Monitoring means can be provided, when used, for monitoring the rate of electricity consumption by the heater and for controlling the flow of electricity to the heater depending on the monitored consumption.

[0010] The method of controlling the electricity consumed by the assembly may include at least one heater including a closed flow path through which the electrically heated fluid is to flow, including monitoring electricity consumed by this or each heater in the assembly and controlling the rate of electricity consumption by this or each heater, depending on the monitored consumption.

[0011] The heater can be adapted, when used, to control the amount of electricity that this or each radiator can be able to use at some time.

[0012] The radiator may comprise means of communication with another radiator or central control so that, when used, a second radiator or central control can determine if the radiator is inaccessible.

[0013] The heater may comprise a flow path, including a gas controller, comprising upstream and downstream parts and an intermediate portion between these parts against the current and with the current, the intermediate part being at a higher height than the upstream and downstream parts.

[0014] The radiator may comprise first communication means adapted to cooperate with second communication means.

[0015] The radiator may comprise monitoring means adapted, when used, for monitoring the rate of electricity consumption by the heater and for controlling the flow of electricity to the heater depending on the monitored consumption.

[0016] The radiator may comprise a containment means adapted, when used, to limit the amount of electricity that this or each radiator is able to use at some time.

[0017] The radiator may be located in the zone and may include means for monitoring the entry of the person into the zone and means for causing heat to enter the zone, if required, upon entry of the person into the monitored zone.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the invention, the heater comprises a heating element and a closed flow path through which the heated fluid is to pass through, wherein the flow path comprises a gas controller comprising upstream and downstream parts and an intermediate portion between these parts. against the current and with the current, with the intermediate part at a higher height than the parts against the current and with the current.

[0019] According to a further embodiment of the invention, a method of operating a heater comprising a closed flow path comprising a heating fluid and causing the heating fluid passage through the gas controller, first through the flow through the upper part (upstream), then through the intermediate part and then through the lower part ( with the current), the intermediate part being at a higher height than the parts against the current and with the current, and the gas being controlled in the intermediate part and by means of a fluid passing through the intermediate part.

[0020] The heater system may comprise at least one heater comprising a closed flow path through which the heated fluid is to pass through, wherein the radiator comprises first communication means, and in addition the system comprises separate second communication means adapted to cooperate with the radiator. first means of communication.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the invention, a method of using a radiator system comprising at least one heater including a closed flow path through which a heated fluid is to be passed, is provided with first means of communication on a radiator communicating with second communication means separated from the heater, the heater comprising a gas controller comprising parts arranged against the current and with the current and an intermediate part being at a higher height than the parts against and against the current.

[0022] The invention also includes a method of operating a radiator system when the heater is as shown here.

[0023] The heater may comprise monitoring means adapted, for use, to monitor the rate of electricity consumption by the heater and to control the flow of electricity to the heater depending on the monitored consumption.

[0024] The radiator may comprise a containment means adapted, when used, to limit the amount of electricity that this or each radiator is able to use at some time.

[0025] The radiator may be located in the zone and may include means for monitoring the entry of the person into the zone and means for causing heat to enter the zone, if required, upon entry of the person into the monitored zone.

[0026] The following features of the invention may be combined with any of the embodiments given herein.

[0027] The second communication means may provide a second heater located at a distance from the first radiator, the second radiator also including a closed flow path through which the heated fluid is to pass through the application. There may be three such radiators or more, each containing means of communication.

[0028] At least one heater may be able to communicate with another heater.

[0029] Each heater may be arranged in use to communicate with all other heaters. Alternatively, only some radiators may be able to communicate with all other radiators. Alternatively, none of the radiators may be able to communicate with all other radiators. Alternatively, each radiator may be able to communicate with some, but not all, radiators. Alternatively, each radiator may be able to communicate with only one other radiator, with no heater that is unable to communicate with another.

[0030] Heaters may be able to communicate in series with one another. Heaters may be able to control the amount of electricity consumed by at least one other radiator.

[0031] Alternatively, at least one or all of the radiators may be able to communicate with second communication means that are not on the radiator.

[0032] When communication between two means of communication can not be established, an alarm may be emitted. The alarm may be remote from the radiators and, alternatively or additionally, remote from all means of communication.

[0033] The at least one heater may include authorization means that allow the radiator to operate when the means of communication cooperate with others. When it is impossible to establish communication between two communication means, the operation of at least one heater may be prevented.

[0034] The method of controlling the electricity consumed by the assembly may include at least one heater comprising a closed flow path through which the electrically heated fluid passes, including controlling the amount of electricity that the at least one radiator is able to use at some time.

[0035] A system of electricity consumption by radiators in an assembly comprising at least one heater comprising a closed flow path through which an electrically heated fluid and restriction means are intended to be used, for use, to limit the amount of electricity that this or each radiator is able to use at some time.

[0036] The radiator may comprise first communication means adapted to cooperate with separate second communication means.

[0037] The radiator may comprise monitoring means adapted, when used, for monitoring the rate of electricity consumption by the heater and for controlling the flow of electricity to the heater depending on the monitored consumption.

[0038] The radiator may be located in the zone and may include means for monitoring the entry of the person into the zone and means for causing heat to enter the zone, if required, upon entry of the person into the monitored zone.

[0039] The following features of the invention may be used with any of the embodiments given herein.

[0040] The method may comprise a varying amount of electricity that can be consumed over a particular period, for example by a person paying more or less for electricity over a period of time.

[0041] The method may include allowing at least one heater to be able to consume electricity for at least some or a part of that period.

[0042] The method may include a limitation of the amount of electricity that can be consumed by a plurality of radiators and prioritizing consumption by at least one radiator in relation to the other.

[0043] The method may include causing a limitation to limit the rate of wear of at least one radiator or for part or all of the time in any one of them.

-5 a short period, or for such a period. The method may include preventing power consumption of at least one heater for at least part of this period.

[0044] Limitations may be caused by an authorized person. The restriction can be made by control measures that may result in a restriction based on the amount paid.

[0045] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the electricity consumption system is adapted, for use, to control the electricity consumed by an assembly that includes at least one heater comprising a closed flow path through which, when used, an electrically heated fluid passes, wherein the system includes monitoring means adapted, for use, to monitor the electricity consumption of this or each heater in the assembly and control means adapted, when used, to control the flow of electricity to this or each radiator depending on the consumption monitored by the monitoring means.

[0046] The radiator may comprise first communication means adapted to cooperate with separate second communication means.

[0047] The radiator may comprise a containment means adapted, when used, to limit the amount of electricity that the radiator is able to use at some time.

[0048] The heater may be located in the zone and may include means for monitoring the entry of the person into the zone and means for causing heat to enter the zone, if required, upon entry of the person into the monitored zone.

[0049] The method may comprise controlling the rate of wear so that the rate of wear by two or more radiators is always less than the maximum speed that could be consumed by all radiators if operated at the maximum speed.

The method may include controlling the rate of wear by two or more radiators by allowing at least one heater for more wear than at least one other heater. The method may include a control first enabling the first radiator to consume electricity at a higher rate than the other radiator and then allowing the other radiator to consume at a higher rate than the first.

The method may comprise monitoring the rate of electricity consumption by this or each radiator, as well as the rate of wear of at least one other article in the assembly and controlling the rate of wear of the heater depending on the monitoring. The method may include monitoring the rate of electricity consumption throughout the assembly.

[0052] The assembly may comprise a house.

[0053] The method of controlling the heater in the zone may include monitoring the entry of the person into the zone, causing the heater to add heat to the zone, if required^.after initial monitoring of the entrance.

[0054] The method may include adding heat after a predetermined time that has elapsed since the person enters the room, provided that the person is still monitored as

- in the room.

[0055] The method may include adding heat if the activity of a person falls below a certain rate after it has been detected that it has entered the room.

[0056] The addition of heat may allow the radiator to provide heat if the room temperature is below a predetermined temperature.

[0057] The radiator may comprise first communication means adapted to cooperate with second communication means.

[0058] The radiator may comprise monitoring means adapted, when used, to monitor the rate of electricity consumption by the heater and to control the flow of electricity to the heater depending on the monitored consumption.

[0059] The radiator may comprise a containment means adapted, when used, to limit the amount of electricity that this or each radiator is able to use at some time.

[0060] The zone heating system may comprise a heater and a monitoring device adapted to monitor the entry of the person into the room and control means adapted to engage the heater upon entry of the person into the monitored zone.

The triac can be in a heat transfer system, with a heating element used for electric heating of the liquid, so that the triac is cooled by the heating element.

[0062] Preferably, the fluid driving means comprise a pump and the controller has been adapted to periodically actuate the pump when the operation of the heater is initiated. Preferably, the controller was adapted to send a pulse start signal to the pump. Preferably, the periodic filling of the pulse start signal has been gradually increased.

[0063] Preferably, the heater comprises a removable cover adapted to cover a wall-mounted heater.

[0064] The invention may be practiced in various ways, but now one embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying figures in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a heater 10;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the heater 10 from which one radiator plate 12 has been removed;

Fig. 3 is a view from the face of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the heater or heating element 14 of the radiator.

[0065] As can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, water enters the boiler in the inlet pipe 16 and is drawn by the heating element 14 through the pump 18. Then the water passes through a pipe which first rises and then falls to form a loop or inverted arc. tubular 20, 180 °. The pipe may have a cross-sectional area larger than 5 mm² or 7 mm² or 9 mm² or 12 mm². The cross-section may be less than 70 or 50 or 30 mm² and is preferably if it is in the region of 20 mm². The pipe may have a circular cross-section. Then the water flows horizontally

22 of the bolt connection 24 then flows through the heating element panels 12 on each side and up through these bolt connections plates 26 and 28 in the upper part of the radiator before leaving the radiator plate 12 through the lower bolt connection. 30, which feeds the inlet pipe 16 of the heating element.

[0066] The heater is assembled under factory conditions. Water with an anti-freeze substance and a rust inhibitor is poured in an inlet valve (not shown) in one of the pin connections, the air escaping through the outlet valve (not shown) in another such connection. Water flows through the entire radiator system, effectively removing all air from the system. The water is also heated, and the internal pressure is set, for example, to 0 or 4 bar, or to some desired pressure. The pressure can change during operation. The inlet and outlet valves are then closed and the system is transported to the place where it is to be used.

[0067] In use, insert the heater plug into the mains socket to provide power to the heater and control unit 32, which is sealed and mounted on top of the heater 14. Because the control unit is sealed on the top of the boiler and has no switches or other contacts exposed to the atmosphere, the radiator can be used in the bathroom.

[0068] Although most of the air is removed from the system, the system remains slightly aerated. The air collects at the top of the 20 °, 180 ° pipe bend. Thus, the water flowing through the system does not contain air and when the water reaches the 20 °, 180 ° pipe bend, it can simply flow through the loop. Because the air does not move from this part of the arc or because the 20 ° 180 ° pipe bend forms a flow limitation, the radiator is silent in its mode of operation and there is no "bubbling" that is associated with conventional radiators.

[0069] In use, a number of radiators (e.g. from 1 to a plurality of radiators, e.g. up to 7) are housed throughout the house, perhaps with two radiators in one room and one radiator in another room. The radiators are not connected to each other and each has its own pump, boiler and internal water circulation. Each radiator has a plug inserted into the socket of the same mains system.

[0070] The heaters sold all have the same control unit, even if not necessarily all of the controllers that will be described later in the assembly will be used by some particular heater. Radiators sold may have all components of the same size, but for example a twisted heating element may have one or two or three kW. Various modes of operation will now be described. The modes are not mutually exclusive and could be used together, at the same time, where it is feasible or at different times.

1. The power supply for this or each heater is on. The heater senses the lowest temperature in the room by means of a sensor 34 on the heater connected to the control unit 32. It is contemplated that the lowest temperature under normal conditions is at floor level and the sensor is placed adjacent the floor at the heater inlet.

-8 Then the heater heats the room. When the room reaches the selected temperature detected by the sensor 34, the radiator switches off either for a predetermined time or until the detected temperature drops below a predetermined level. When these events occur, the heater switches on again by resuming the heating of the room. The pre-selected temperature can be set for a specific radiator at home or in the factory. Alternatively, a hand-held dial can be placed to raise or lower the selected temperature. The boiler contains a disconnector that prevents exceeding 100 ° C by the water in the system. The regulation, sensor 34 and disconnector can be present in each of the embodiments.

2. This is similar to mode 1. The difference is that the control unit contains a timer, which can be set manually or remotely, so that the boiler's power supply is switched on and off at selected times. When the power is on, the control unit operates in accordance with mode 1 described above.

3. The user has a radio-controlled transmitter. It is able to communicate remotely with the control unit. The user can request that or each heater be turned on or off at the same predetermined time or in individual times that can be predetermined. Alternatively or additionally, the user may decide that this or each radiator is set to the same temperature value or individual temperatures. The user can manually adjust the actual temperature to be achieved by the room heated by the heater in accordance with mode 1 described above.

4. It is taken into account that the user can come home from work and may want four heaters in the downstairs rooms to switch on before he returns so that the ground floor of the house is warm upon arrival. The user may not use the bedroom earlier than late in the evening. Consequently, in a conventional central heating system, the bedrooms are heated unnecessarily for a significant period in the evenings. Mode 4 attempts to reduce this problem. Using the drivers described above or below, the radiators in the lobby and kitchen can be turned on first before the occupant returns home. Then he can turn on the radiator in the dining room, and half an hour later in the living room. Finally, an hour before the resident goes to sleep, heaters in the bathroom and bedroom turn on. Radiators in rooms to be left,

The user may have a radio transmitter. The user can request individual radiators that contain radio receivers or groups of such radiators to switch on at different times and have different temperatures. Each radiator has a thermostat that can be set remotely and which can be used to control the temperature of this radiator.

5. The radio transmitter may not be able to contact all radiators in the home because of the distance from the radio receiver transmitter in different radiators or because of partitions. Consequently, each control unit is equipped not only with the previously described receiver, but also with the transmitter. In this way, the radiator 1, which is able to receive the signal from the user's radio transmitter, may contact the radiator 2, which is not in contact, directly by means of the radio transmitter of the radiator 1 transmitting the signal determined by the user transmitter,

- which is received by the radiator 2, so that the heater 2 can find out what its desired operating time and its desired temperature setting after switching on are. Similarly, the radiator 2 may be able to communicate with the radiator 3 in the same way, or the radiator 1 may contact multiple radiators 2 and, alternatively or additionally, a plurality of radiators 2 may be able to contact multiple radiators 3. Each radiator he can turn to the previous radiator to inform the radiator that he has received the signal and will act as desired. A radio transmitter may be included in one or more radiators instead of or in addition to a radio transmitter separate from the radiator.

6. In this embodiment, the radiators may only be able to switch on if they receive a signal from another heater or from a central control. Each signal can be coded. In this way, theft of the heater is pointless, because the heater can not work without receiving a signal.

7. Alternatively or additionally, each radiator may communicate with another radiator or central control, or to indicate that the radiator is on or to indicate that the radiator is not available, even if it is required to be turned on. When each radiator can communicate with another radiator, each communication combination is possible, e.g. one communicating with any or all, or serial communication between the radiators, such that, for example, if the radiator falls out of the series, then the missing radiator ( and probably other heaters) is not able to work. In this way, it is easy to tell when the radiator is present or when the radiator is absent or malfunctioning. The signal can be sent from a radiator or any radiator or central control to determine that there is no communication. Thus, you can repair a defective radiator or quickly find out the fact that the heater is stolen allows you to quickly repair or prevent the next theft, or arrest thieves, if they came back for another heater.

8. It is taken into account that you can request a higher level of heating of some rooms or faster heating them than other rooms. Alternatively or additionally, some rooms may start at a lower temperature than other rooms. The transmitters and radios on each radiator communicate with each other, so that any desired sequence or heating method can be achieved. For example, in order to avoid a fast power consumption from the home supply network using, for example, seven heaters, all of which have 3 kW each, the heater 1 can be switched on first to achieve a certain, lower than the maximum, desired level of heating including room, then the heater 2 can turn on and then turn off without reaching the maximum temperature, and then the heater 3 will be turned on without reaching a predetermined temperature. Next, the heater 3 can be turned off and the heater 1 will then be turned on and off, and then the heater 2 will turn on and off, and then the heater 3 will turn on and off, this sequence being repeated until the desired temperatures are reached. Once the desired temperatures have been reached, the radiator that first senses that it should turn on again can do so and while the heating element of the radiator works, the heating element of another radiator that wants to turn on, because the temperature in the room has dropped, may be prevented

-10 until the heating element of the above-mentioned heater is switched off. Alternatively, the radiators can be switched on sequentially, with each radiator reaching the desired temperature before switching off and the next radiator switching on.

The radiators can be controlled in such a way that the radiator or first heaters in the queue for inclusion include the one or the furthest to the predefined temperature setting for this room.

9. The radiators are provided with a triac that is connected to a support 36 which is welded or soldered on top of the heating element 14. The body of the heating element 14 will typically reach a temperature of 85 ° C. This triac determines whether the heating element 14 is on or off, after the signal that the triac receives from the temperature sensor 34 (provided that each of the controllers described indicates that the operation is correct). The triac works at a high temperature, e.g. 130 ° C. It is necessary to cool the triac, and since the triac exactly touches the bracket 36, which is 85 ° C, the triac is cooled by the lower temperature of the boiler. Each of the controllers described here can also be connected to the boiler.

10. Often, heaters will heat the room when no one is there, for example due to unforeseen circumstances. Therefore, the room may contain a controller, either on the radiator in this room, or a sensor away from the heater, which may initiate the operation of the heater when the person is present. When a person is present, the heater turns on or can go from attempting to maintain a lower temperature to attempting to maintain a higher temperature. If the radiator is in the group of radiators described, the radiator can go from low priority to high priority.

However, the controller can only turn on the heater or change the operating conditions of the radiator, to prevent the heater from starting the room by a person entering the room only for a moment. This control may include motion detection for a predetermined minimum time or, alternatively or additionally, motion detection along with decreasing level of activity of that person, possibly for a predetermined time. Thus, the heater does not have to turn on if the person cleans the room and therefore maintains his heat by physical effort. However, the heater will turn on if the person sits down. After leaving the room, a delay may occur before the heater switches off or the room temperature drops or switches to a low priority in the system.

11. The control of the operation of the radiators to limit the simultaneous power consumption is taken into account. The power can be monitored to maintain the power consumption of all radiators at a predetermined level or below it, e.g. below 50 A. This would leave enough power for other devices, such as kettles or irons. Alternatively, monitoring may cover all power absorbed to maintain power below a predetermined level, e.g. 60 A. Thus, if radiators are on, they can take up to 60 A. However, if the iron and kettle are turned on, one or more heaters may download less power or turn off. When the radiator power is to be reduced, the depression may take place according to the priority of each radiator in the radiator group, as described herein. Monitoring can take place on the main line of the enterprise or home.

- 11thing is achieved by switching on / off selected radiators as required.

12. Heaters or heater control may include a controller that limits the total power consumed by the radiators to a certain level in a predetermined period. Heaters can still work as described here. However, they will not exceed a predetermined level of collection in a predetermined period. Thus, the person will not spend more on heating than the predetermined amount, which amount can be set as a specific expense per week. Alternatively or additionally, the power absorbed by this or each heater could be determined by a first controller that the user can not manually shift, so that at least some heat is available daily, even if the user wants more heat. Alternatively or additionally, the power may be available for all or part or many parts of the period, such as power for the bedroom, whereby such power will be beyond the amount of electricity for which it was paid or the expenditure on power for such a heater will be taken from the payment before the power or expenditure for other heaters is applied. The at least one heater may be controlled in such a way that the intake rate can not be exceeded at least during one period during the period, preferably throughout such period.

By means of such a system, although this user may wish to have the heaters switched on at all times, the radiators may be switched off, e.g. after midnight for 6 hours or alternatively or additionally, screwed on for periods of time or limited in consumption at any time ensuring that the person will always have a bit of heat. The user may deposit money into an account or meter and may change the amount paid. The control described here will then be carried out, and the available amount of heating will then be increased if more money is paid. In this way, heat is available every day, and the user is not left without heat at the end of the week.

13. While wireless communication is described, radiators may also communicate with each other or with a user controller via a signal in an electrical network. Alternatively or additionally, communication and settings can be implemented wirelessly based on the ZigBee ™ low-power, short-distance wireless standard developed by the ZigBee ™ Alliance (see<a href="http://www.zigbee.org">www.zigbee.org</a>).

14. In one embodiment, each heater is adapted to communicate with a remote control unit. The remote control unit is adapted to send at least one operating instruction to the receiver on the radiator. The receiver is adapted to transmit at least one operating instruction to the control unit in the heater, so the heater is controlled by at least one operating instructions. In practice, at least one operating instruction is to set the room temperature at which the radiator is set to reach. Also, at least one operating instruction includes times for switching on and off the heater.

One remote control unit can control more than one radiator. Alternatively or additionally, several heaters can be grouped into zones, each zone having a dedicated remote control unit.

-1215. Each pump 18 in each heater is configured for a soft start. In other words, each pump receives a pulse start signal that causes the pump to pump fluid in a closed circuit relatively mildly, with intervals. In particular, the pulse signal has a periodic filling which increases during a predetermined start-up phase of the pump. In this way, it is possible to gradually overcome the inertia of the fluid in a closed circuit, thereby reducing the noise at start-up.

16. In addition, a cover for applications with low surface temperature is provided. This is particularly useful in hospitals, nursing homes and nurseries. Of course, the low surface temperature option is useful where there are people who are vulnerable, exposed to burns when in contact with the radiator. The low surface temperature option includes a cover that surrounds a wall-mounted radiator. The cover looks like an open box on one side, which is to contact the wall, and the other five sides are surrounded by a radiator.

17. It is contemplated that each embodiment may have water in a heater. The term "substantially water" includes water containing other factors, such as an antifreeze agent and a rust inhibitor.

[0071] Although several preferred embodiments have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate the possibility of changes and modifications that can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0072] Attention is drawn to all studies and documents that have been submitted simultaneously or earlier than this description in connection with this application and that are available for review to all along with this description, and the contents of all such studies and documents are included in the of this reference.

All of the features disclosed herein (including the appended claims, summary and drawing) and / or all of the steps of any such method or process disclosed in this way may be combined into any combination, with the exception of combinations in which at least some of such features and / or stages are mutually exclusive.

[0074] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including the appended claims, summary and drawing) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless explicitly stated otherwise, each trait disclosed is only one example of a general series of equivalent or similar features.

[0075] The invention is not limited to the details of the previous example (s) of embodiment. The invention extends to any new example or any new combination of features disclosed herein (including the appended claims, summary and drawing) or each new example or each new combination of steps of any such disclosed method or process.