Optical disc and physical address format

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a disk optical medium. Optical disk media is used to record information (e.g., digital video information) at high density.

The recording density of optical disc media has recently become increasingly high. Generally speaking, a recordable disc optical medium has track grooves predetermined and information is recorded along the track grooves, i.e., in the track grooves or in the area between the track grooves, called "land". The track grooves are sine-like wobbles and the information is recorded in synchronization with the timing signals generated based on the wobble period. Addresses along the track groove are established for writing information at specific positions on the recording surface of a disc optical medium. Three sample structures for setting such addresses will be presented below.

(1) Japanese Publication No. 6-309672 discloses an optical disk in which the tilted track grooves are formed locally and discontinuously, and the address information can be reproduced as a so-called pre-pit. In this case, an address area and a data area for recording information exist in the track groove.

(2) Japanese Public Publication No. 5-189934 discloses an optical disk in which a frequency modulated wobble is provided and address information (subinformation) is recorded using the wobble frequency. In this case, the data information is recorded in the address information.

(3) Japanese Public Publication No. 9-326138 discloses an optical disc in which prepits are formed between adjacent track grooves and addresses are formed by the pilot pits.

In high-density recording, which will be required in the future, all of the structures described above have their inherent drawbacks.

In structure (1), the space for data is reduced by the space required for addressing (so-called redundant data). Therefore, the memory capacity is inevitably reduced by the address space.

The following problems occur in structure (2). The jerks are initially established primarily for the purpose of generating information recording synchronization signals, and are therefore preferably formed for one frequency. When the wobbles are created at a single frequency, high accuracy record timing signals can only be generated by multiplying and synchronizing the wobble recovery signal using a PLL (phase locked loop), or similar techniques. However, when the wobbles have multiple frequency components, the frequency band to which the PLL can adapt must be reduced to the case where the wobbles are single-frequency in order to avoid pseudo latch of the PLL. Moreover, insufficient PLL tracking of disk drive fluctuations, or fluctuations generated, for example, by lack of proper disk centering, may inadvertently occur. This causes some jitter in the recorded signal to remain.

In the case where the recording layer formed on the recording surface of the optical disk is a phase change layer, the signal-to-noise ratio of the recording layer may be disadvantageously reduced when repeating the rewriting. Even when this is the case, the single-frequency wobble allows the noise component to be removed by a narrowband bandpass filter. However, when the wobbles are frequency modulated, the frequency response must be increased to account for the modulated frequencies. As a result, a noise component is mixed with the wobble reproduction signal, which further increases the jitter. Such an increase in jitter is not desirable because the jitter reserve is decreased as the write density increases.

In the structure (3), the preliminary pits have an influence on the reading of information stored in adjacent track grooves. Therefore, it is difficult to provide a sufficient number of pre-recesses each of a sufficient length. Hence, there is an undesirable possibility of increasing the number of detection errors, especially when the recording density is significantly high.

In view of the problems described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a disk optical medium for minimizing auxiliary data in which addresses are described by wobbles having a single frequency.

Disk optical medium, containing a track groove along which essential information is recorded, in which the track groove carries sub-information and is physically divided into sections by which

A block set corresponds to a set of blocks, and each of the set of blocks contains a set of frames, according to the invention, the distinguishing feature of the invention is that the first frame of the set of frames forms a path segment with a first sawtooth deflection from the path axis, with a smooth rising edge gradient and a steep falling edge gradient. the second frame of the set of frames forms a path segment with a second sawtooth deflection from the path axis, with a steep rising edge gradient and a gentle falling edge gradient, wherein the first sawtooth shape corresponds to a sub-information representing a logical "0 or" 1, and the second shape of a sawtooth deflection corresponds to a sub-information representing a logical "1 or" 0, furthermore, the address information of a block of the plurality of blocks is represented by a combination of a sawtooth shape of the "0" or "0" shape. the first and saw shapely tilts of the second shape.

According to one aspect of the invention, an optical disc medium comprises a track groove along which essential information is recorded. The track groove is divided into a set of blocks. Each of the set of blocks contains a set of frames. Each of the set of frames contains one wobble shape, among the set of predetermined wobble shapes, indicating sub-information. Each of the set of blocks contains address information. The address information is represented by a chain of at least one sub-information portion represented by the wobble shape of at least one of the frame set.

In one embodiment of the invention, each of the plurality of blocks comprises a plurality of sectors. Each of the set of sectors contains a set of frames. The address information is represented by a chain of at least one sub-information portion represented by a wobble shape of at least one of a set of frames included in at least one of the sectors.

In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of blocks includes a set of portions of address information. The parts of the address information are identical. Each of a set of address information pieces is represented by a chain of at least one sub-information piece.

In one embodiment, each of the sets of address information pieces includes a sequence number, and the sequence number indicates the order of the particular address information piece among the plurality of address information pieces.

In one embodiment, address information is represented by a set of bits and the set of bits is represented by at least one subinformation chain from the low bit to the high bit.

In one embodiment, each of the plurality of blocks includes a plurality of sectors. A collection of sectors comprises a collection of frames. Address information is represented by at least one string contained in the set of sectors. Information indicating the order of a sector from a set of sectors is represented by a portion of at least one sub-information portion.

In one embodiment, the information indicating at least one of the codes, the error correction code and the error detection code is represented by a portion of at least one sub-information portion.

In one embodiment, a track groove has an identification tag defined therein, indicating the start of each plurality of blocks.

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification tag is fixed by cutting a path groove.

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification mark is fixed by a locally varying width of a track groove.

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification tag is fixed by a locally varying amplitude of the tilt shape.

In one embodiment of the invention, the set of tilt shapes comprises a first tilt shape and a second tilt shape that differ at least in the rising edge slope and the falling edge slope, and the first tilt shape and the second tilt shape indicate different parts of the sub-information. .

In one embodiment, the plurality of pivot shapes include a first pivot shape and a second pivot shape that differ from each other in a fill ratio, and the first pivot shape and the second pivot shape indicate differing portions of sub-information.

In one embodiment of the invention, the plurality of deflection shapes is fixed on one side of the track groove.

In one embodiment, the path groove includes an identification tag that indicates at least one of the front and rear ends of at least one chain of sub-information.

PL 209 249 B1

In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of blocks comprises a set of at least one subinformation chain. The identification tag points to the front end of at least one sub-information chain. An identification mark is identical in shape to another identifying tag in at least one chain of subinformation in one block.

In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of blocks comprises a set of at least one subinformation chain. The identification tag points to the forward end of at least one sub-information chain. The at least one identification tag has a shape different from the shape of the other identification tag in at least one chain of subinformation in one block.

In one embodiment, the identification tag points to the trailing end of at least one sub-information chain. The identification marker is formed by a combination of a first pivot shape and a second pivot shape that differ from each other by at least one of the rising and falling slopes, with a third pivot shape which is in the shape of a sine wave.

In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of blocks comprises a set of at least one subinformation chain. The identification tag points to the trailing end of at least one sub-information chain. The identification tag has a shape identical to that of the other identification tag in at least one chain of sub-information in one block.

In one embodiment, at least one of the plurality of blocks comprises a set of at least one subinformation chain. The identification tag points to the trailing end of at least one sub-information chain. The at least one identification tag has a shape different from the shape of the other identification tag in at least one chain of sub-information in one block.

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification tag is established by cutting an island portion between adjacent portions of a track groove.

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification tag is established by cutting an island between adjacent portions of a track groove.

In one embodiment, the dummy data with a single frequency is recorded on an identification tag.

In one embodiment, the number of subinformation indicating the low bit of the address information is greater than the number of the subinformation indicating bit of the address information.

According to another aspect of the invention, optical disc medium includes a recording reproduction area and a disk management area. The recording reproduction area includes a first track groove along which body information is recorded. The disk management area includes a second track groove provided in at least one of the inner and outer areas of the optical disc media. The second track groove contains a set of assumed deflection shapes. The management information of the optical disk medium is represented by a combination of the elements of a set of predetermined deflection shapes.

In one embodiment of the invention, the set of predetermined deflection shapes comprises a first deflection shape and a second deflection shape that differ from each other by at least one rising and falling slope, and a third deflection shape that is in the shape of a sine wave.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first track groove comprises a plurality of predetermined deflection shapes. The number of wobble shapes indicating 1 bit information is different in the disk management area compared to the recording and playback area.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first track groove comprises a plurality of predetermined deflection shapes. The first track groove and the second track groove differ from each other in the frequency of the shape of the swings.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first track groove comprises a plurality of predetermined deflection shapes. The second track groove has a greater amplitude of the deflection shapes than the first track groove.

In one embodiment, the adjacent portions of the second track groove have a tilted constant phase difference of π / 2 x (2n + 1), where n is an integer.

In one embodiment, the second track groove has a larger path pitch than the first track groove.

PL 209 249 B1

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification mark is fixed by phase-changing at least one shape of the pivots in a track groove.

In one embodiment of the invention, the identification mark is fixed by varying the frequency of at least one pitch shape in a track groove.

In one embodiment of the invention, the elements of the set of deflection shapes have an identical period. The solution according to the invention makes it possible to avoid the reduction of the data space by the space required for addressing, and thus reduces the data storage capacity. At the same time, the solution ensures the efficiency of the PLL loop, without signal fluctuations, and keeping the error rate low.

The subject matter of the invention is explained in the examples of embodiments in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a track groove in the optical disk medium of the first embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 - a first embodiment of the optical disk medium according to the invention, Fig. 3 - a track groove in a disk medium 4 shows a track groove in a third embodiment of the optical disk medium according to the invention, fig. 5 - track groove in the disc optical medium of the fourth embodiment of the invention, fig. 6 - track groove in the disc optical medium according to the fifth embodiment of the invention, fig. 7 - track groove in the disc optical medium of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 - a track groove in the disc optical medium of the seventh embodiment of the invention, Fig. 9 - the seventh embodiment of the disc optical medium according to the invention, Fig. 10 - an address structure of the optical disk medium of the seventh embodiment of the invention, Fig. 11 - track groove in the optical disk medium according to the eighth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 12 - address structure of the optical disk medium of example 8 according to the present invention, Fig. 13 - track a groove in the ninth embodiment of the optical disc medium according to the present invention, Fig. 14 - an address structure of the optical disc medium of the ninth embodiment of the invention, fig. 15 - track groove in the disc optical medium of the present invention, fig. 16 - address structure of the optical disc medium of the seventh embodiment of the medium according to the invention, fig. 17 Fig. 18, Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 show a track groove in a disc optical medium of a twelfth embodiment of the medium according to the invention, Fig. 21 shows a disk address structure of the thirteenth embodiment of the optical medium according to the invention, Fig. 22 - address structure of the optical disk medium of the example 11, Fig. 23 - optical disk medium according to the fifteenth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 24A, Fig. 24B, Fig. 25A and Figs. 25B show a track groove in a disc optical medium according to the embodiment of the present invention, Figs. 26A and Figs. 26B - track groove in a disc optical medium of the sixteenth embodiment of the invention; Figs. 27A and Fig. 27B - track groove in a disc optical medium according to the seventeenth embodiment of the invention; Figs. 28A and Fig. 28B - track groove in a disc optical medium of the eighteenth embodiment. Fig. 29 is a conventional disc optical medium, Fig. 30 is a track groove in a disc optical medium of the twentieth embodiment of the invention, Fig. 31 - track groove in a disc optical medium according to an embodiment of the invention, fig. 32 - track groove in a disc optical medium according to example 22 according to the invention, fig. 33 - track groove in a disc optical medium of a nineteenth embodiment of the invention, and fig. 34 - a track groove in a fifteenth embodiment of the disc optical medium according to the present invention.

Example 1

Fig. 2 shows a disc optical medium 20 according to example 1 of the present invention. Optical disk media 20 has a recording surface 101 on which is a helical track groove 102. As shown in FIG. 1, track groove 102 has shapes that vary from block to block. In Fig. 1, a block mark (identification tag) 210 is a cut portion in track groove 102 and represents an index indicating the front end of each block.

Each block is divided into N 25 sectors (N = 32 or 16) and each 25 (subblock) sector is divided into M frames marked from # 0 to # 25 (M = 26). Each frame (base unit) has a periodic predetermined number of sawtooth wobbles 26 and 27. Sawtooth wobbles 26 and 27 have distinct predetermined shapes that represent sub-information ('0', '1', or 'S') . One type of subinformation ('0', '1', or 'S') is represented by one sawtooth shape 26 or 27. The type of subinformation and the shape of the knobs (sawtooth sweeps 26 or 27) are mutually unambiguous. More specifically, both sawtooth swings 26 and 27 have

They are generally shaped like the saw teeth and have various rising (or rising slope) and falling (falling slope) shapes. Sawtooth swings 26 and 27 are created according to the type of subinformation ('0' or '1'). The subinformation chain is represented by a combination of sawtooth wobbles 26 and 27.

The difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between the sawtooth deflections 26 and 27 can be easily detected by a differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 102 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 102 (radial direction) of the optical disc medium 20 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having rising and falling slopes that change according to whether the sub-information is '0' or '1'. The difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal.

Thus, the type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. When using derivative, the noise component is naturally increased. In a disk optical medium having a worse signal-to-noise ratio, a detection error is to be expected. In the analyzed example, each deflection pattern 26 and 27 is repeated multiple times to increase detection reliability.

Principal information (e.g., user data) is recorded in block unit 241 along track groove 102 from block marker 210. Block unit 241 is predetermined in length, e.g., 64KB (or 32KB. Core information may be recorded as record marks 28. The record mark 28 is written by changing the phase of the record layer .. The block unit is an information processing unit and is for example an ECC block. Block unit 241 is divided into 32 sectors 25 when N = 32 (or 16 sectors 25 when N = 16). Each sector 25 is a 2 KB subblock. Each sector 25 is divided into 26 frames from # 0 to # 25 when M = 26.

A frame is a basic unit of information recorded in track groove 102. In Fig. 1, frame # 0 is represented by reference number 22 and frame # 1 is represented by reference number 23. As shown by frames 22 and 23, each frame includes one frame. a type of swing created in advance in a periodic manner. Thus, 1 bit sub-information '0', '1', or 'S' is described in each of frames 22 and 23. A 26-bit (M = 26) subinformation group contained in each sector 25 indicates the block identifier (address information) of the corresponding block unit 241. A sync flag SYNC is recorded at the front end of each of frames # 0 to # 25. A SYNC tag is a synchronization signal written to represent the front end of each basic information frame when the body information is recorded as record tag 28. The wobble period acts as a reference clock to synchronize the rotation of the optical disc medium 20 and the recording of the signals, and is further used as a synchronization signal when address information is retrieved

The block identifier (ID) may include an error correction code, an error detection code, or a parity code or the like for correcting or detecting detection signals, in addition to information indicating the address.

Frame 22 includes only sawtooth tilts 26 having a gentle rising edge and a sharp falling edge slope. Frame 23 contains only sawtooth tilts 27 having a steep rising edge and a smooth falling edge. For example, when one frame contains 8 wobbles, one sector 25 includes 8 x 26 = 208 wobbles (including sawtooth wobbles 26 and 27).

The sub-information group recorded in sector 25 can be correctly identified as long as a difference between the rising edge and the falling edge between 208 sawtooth wobbles 26 and 27 as a whole can be detected, despite some detection errors due to noise. Read reliability is then improved by repeating the same block ID 32 times (when N = 32) or 16 times (when N = 16). According to an exemplary technique for identifying a sub-information group, the differential waveform of the push-pull signal is sampled and maintained for each increase and decrease, and the logic of rising gradients and the logic of falling gradients are compared with each other. Thus, the noise component is eliminated and the sub-information component can be extracted.

PL 209 249 B1

In this example, the tag of block 210 is the cut portion in track groove 102, and thus it is not preferable to overwrite the body information in the tag of block 210. This is because the reflected amount of light varies significantly depending on whether the groove is present or not. does not exist, and this fundamental difference acts like an external disturbance for the reproduction signal. In this example, an area containing a block marker 210 is assigned as recording area VFO 21. Recording area VFO 21 is used to record VFO 211, which is a single-frequency signal for frequency correction PLL for reproducing core information that is recorded after recording area VFO 21. Even when there is a slight external jitter, the VFO 211 only acts as a local disturbance and causes no fault directly. In addition, VFO 211 has a single frequency, so the external disturbance caused by the tag of block 210 can be separated in frequency.

In the analyzed example, one unit of block 241 (one block) is divided into 32 (or 16) sectors 25, and each sector 25 is divided into 26 frames (frames # 0 to # 25). In each of the frames # 0 to # 25, sawtooth tilts 26 or 27 having a shape corresponding to the sub-information are created in advance. Since the group of subinformation recorded in one sector 25 represents a block ID, the same block ID (address information) may be created in duplicate in 32 (or 16) sectors contained in block unit 241.

In this case, the subinformation group may contain a sequential number indicating the order of the repeated block IDs (address information), i.e. whether each block ID is the fifth, tenth, etc. Such number is useful for finally determining an address number based on a majority. Moreover, such a number provides useful information for signal processing, e.g. which sector in a block is currently being read, or which group of sub-information in the block is incorrect.

In the case of a disk optical medium having a plurality of recording surfaces or layers, the sequence number of the recording layer may be contained in a sub-information group. In this way, the recording surface can be easily identified.

As described above, in this example, one information block is divided into 32 (N = 32) or 16 (N = 16) sectors and each sector is divided into 26 (M = 26) frames. In each of the 26 frames, shape tilts corresponding to the sub-information are created in advance. One block ID (address information) is created repeatedly across 32 (or 16) sectors per block. In this way, the address is created without any additional data, or without requiring pre-pits between the grooves.

The swings used in this example have a constant single frequency, although the swings have different rising and falling slopes according to the type of subinformation. Therefore, a write clock signal having jitter reduced can be extracted by first using a bandpass filter to pass only the wobble frequency so as to remove the noise component, and then synchronize and multiply the result frequency with the PLL.

The reliability of reading the block ID can be improved by repeating the same block ID.

In this case, the block ID is 26 bits, as is the number of frames. The number of bits of the address information is not limited to 26, but may be any necessary number compatible with, for example, the amount of data to be recorded on the optical disc medium or the type and error correction code system.

In this example, the block unit is divided into 32 sectors with N = 32 (or 16 sectors with N = 16). The present invention is not limited to this number of sectors.

In this example, sub-information is written in 26 frames contained in each sector with M = 26. The present invention is not limited to such a number of frames.

In this example, the sub-information is recorded modulated with sawtooth-shaped tilts. The present invention is not limited to swings of this shape. Sub-information may be recorded when modulated with variations having shapes, for example, shown in Figs. 4 or 7 and described below.

In this example, the block mark is the cut portion of a track groove. The present invention is not limited to such a block marker form. For example, a block mark may be modulated with tilts having the shape shown in Figs. 5 or 6 as described below.

Example 2

Fig. 3 shows a track groove 10 according to example 2 of the present invention. The track groove 10 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown

2 in Fig. 2, instead of track groove 102 shown in Fig. 1. In this example, track groove 10 has swings 28 to indicate sub-information 'S' recorded in frame 24, in addition to sawtooth swings 26 in frame 22 indicating sub-information '. 0 'and sawtooth wobbles 27 indicating sub-information' 1 '. As in Example 1, address information is represented by a combination of '0' sub-information and '1' sub-information. 'S' sub-information is provided at the front end of a block and is used to indicate the front end of a block in place of the tag of block 210 shown in Fig. 1. In this way, the auxiliary data required for the tag of block 210 can be eliminated. In this example, wobbles 28 representing information 'S' have a steep rising edge and a steep falling edge.

Example 3

Fig. 4 shows a track groove 11 according to example 3 of the present invention. The track groove 11 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in FIG. 2, instead of the track groove 102 shown in FIG. 1. In the first and second examples, one shape of the wobbles is repeated periodically according to one type of sub-information, and the wobbles having different slopes of the slope. the rising edge and different falling slopes are used for different types of sub-information. In this example, the swings 29 and 30 are made to have different padding ratios according to the type of subinformation. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 4, swings 29 indicating sub-information '0' recorded in frame 32 have a wider crest or trough (in the example of Fig. 4, have a wider trough), and swings 30 indicating sub-information '1' recorded in frame 34 have a wider ridge or ridge, respectively (in the example of Fig. 4, they have a wider ridge). This feature eliminates the need to differentiate the reproduction signal to identify the type of information. The reproduction signal can be easily identified by measuring the fill ratio using a clock. Thus, the effect of noise can be reduced.

Example 4

Fig. 5 shows a track groove 200 according to example 4 of the present invention. A track groove 200 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in FIG. 2, in place of the track 102 shown in FIG. 1. In Example 1, a portion of the track groove 102 is cut to form a block mark 210. In this example, a mark is used. block 212 formed by the locally increased width of the track groove 200, instead of the block marker 210. For recording or reproducing core information, the front end of a block may be identified by detecting the tag of block 212. The use of the tag of block 212 avoids the clipping of track groove 200, and thus the core information may also be recorded at the tag of block 212. As a result, additional data may be reduced. .

Example 5

Fig. 6 shows a track groove 201 according to example 5 of the present invention. A track groove 201 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in Fig. 2, instead of a track 102 shown in Fig. 1. In Example 1, a portion of the track groove 102 is cut off to form a block mark 210. In this example, a mark is used. block 213 formed by locally increased track wobble amplitude, in place of the marker of block 210. For recording or reproducing core information, the front end of the block may be identified by detecting the tag of block 213. As in Example 4, the use of the tag of block 213 avoids the cutoff of the track groove 201, and thus the core information can also be recorded at the tag of block 213.

Example 6

Fig. 7 shows track groove 202 and an island 203 according to example 6 of the present invention. The disc optical medium in this example has tilts 220 and 230 that are formed only along one edge of the track groove 202. Examples 1 through 5 were of a record-groove type disc optical medium in which essential information is recorded in a track groove. There is also another type of optical disk medium available, which is the so-called island-groove type. In this type of disk optical medium, substantial information is recorded in both grooves and islands (areas between two adjacent grooves) along track groove 202. Examples 1 to 5 may be combined with an island-groove disk optical medium described in this example.

In Fig. 7, sub-information '0' and sub-information '1' are recorded along one edge of track groove 202. Bias 220 created in frame 221 indicate sub-information '0', and swings 230 created in frame 231 indicate sub-information '1'. Thus, track groove 202 and an island

PL 209 249 B1

203 adjacent to pathway 202 are represented by the same address. The core information is recorded in both track groove 202 and island 203. By recording the core information in this manner, the track pitch can be narrowed, and as a result, a higher density recording can be performed.

Example 7

Fig. 9 shows a disk optical medium 800 in accordance with example 7 of the present invention. Optical disk media 800 has a recording surface 801 on which a helical track groove 802 is provided. As shown in FIG. 8, track groove 802 has shapes that vary from block to block. In Fig. 8, a block mark (identification tag) 810 is a cut portion in track groove 802 and represents an index indicating the front end of each block.

Each block is divided into N sectors 825 (N = 32 or 16) and each sector 825 is divided into M frames marked from # 0 to # 25 (M = 26). Each frame has a predetermined number of wobbles 826 and 827. The wobbles 826 and 827 have different predetermined shapes that represent sub-information ('0', '1', or 'S'). One type of subinformation ('0', '1', or 'S') is represented by one wobble shape 826 or 827. The type of subinformation and the shape of the swings (swings 826 or 827) are in a mutually unequivocal relation. More specifically, both the swings 826 and 827 are generally sawtooth-shaped and have different rising slope (or rising slope) and slope (falling slope slope) shapes. Wrecks 826 and 827 are created according to the type of subinformation ('0' or '1'). The subinformation chain is represented by a combination of sawtooth wobbles 826 and 827.

The difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between sawtooth deflections 826 and 827 can be easily detected by a differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 802 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 802 (radial direction) of the optical disk 800 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having a rising edge and a falling edge that changes according to whether the subinformation is '0' or '1'. This difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal.

Thus, the type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. When using derivative, the noise component is naturally increased. In a disk optical medium having a worse signal-to-noise ratio, a detection error is to be expected. In the analyzed example, each wobble pattern 826 and 827 is repeated multiple times to increase detection reliability.

Principal information is recorded in block unit 841 along track groove 802 from marker of block 810. Block unit 841 has a predetermined length, for example, 64KB (or 32KB). The core information may be recorded as record marks 28. The block unit is an information processing unit and is for example an ECC block. The unit of block 841 is partitioned into 32 sectors 825 when N = 32 (or 16 sectors 825 when N = 16). Each sector 25 is a 2 KB subblock. Each sector 25 is divided into 26 frames from # 0 to # 25 when M = 26. A sync flag SYNC is recorded at the front end of each of frames # 0 to # 25 as the timing signal used for data recovery.

A frame is a basic unit of information recorded in track groove 802. In Fig. 8, frame # 0 is represented by reference number 822 and frame # 1 is represented by reference number 823. As represented by frames 822 and 823, each frame includes one frame. the type of swings created in advance in a periodic manner. Thus, 1 bit sub-information '0', '1' or, 'S' is described in each of frames 822 and 823. A 26-bit (M = 26) sub-information group contained in each sector 825 indicates at least a portion of the block ID (address information) of the corresponding block unit 241.

One-bit information is assigned to each of frames # 0 to # 25. For example, 8 frames (i.e., 8 bits) are mapped as a 1-byte portion of the block ID. The next 8 frames are assigned as block ID parity byte. The next 5 frames are assigned as the 5-bit byte of the sector number. The remaining 5 frames are assigned as a 5-bit parity check of the sector number. The sector number indicates the order of the sector among multiple sectors10

PL 209 249 B1 (i.e., the fifth sector, the tenth sector, or the like). Each parity check indicates at least one of the codes, error detection code, or error correction code.

Each sub-information for one associated sector, as described above, is formed by, for example, 4 sectors 825 (i.e., group of sectors 825 '). By arranging the block ID portion, i.e. 1 byte for each of the 4 sectors, a 32-bit block ID (8 bits x 4 = 32 bits) can be represented.

Fig. 10 shows an exemplary format of sub-information recorded in sectors 825 in unit block 841 and frames # 0 to # 25. The leftmost section of the table in Fig. 10 shows the sector numbers. On its right side, there is information stored in the frames of each sector. The block unit is assumed to contain 32 sectors. The sector numbers in brackets "() are sector numbers in the case where the block unit 841 comprises 16 sectors. Frames # 0 to # 25 each contain 1 bit subinformation. In this example, block unit 841 is an ECC block.

The contents of sector 0 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 0, in frames # 0 to # 7, the first one byte is buried sequentially out of the 4 bytes (32 bits) of the ECC address from the LSB. In frames # 8 to # 15, buried sub-information of the first 1 byte of the 4 parity-check bytes of the ECC block address is buried. In frames # 16 to # 20, buried 5-bit sub-information representing the sector number is buried. In frames # 21 to # 25, 5-bit sub-information representing the parity check of the sector number is buried. As shown in Fig. 8, in sector 0, a 1 byte "01h" is buried as portion of the block ID.

The content of sector 1 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 1, in frames # 0 to # 7, a second one byte is buried sequentially out of the 4 bytes (32 bits) of the ECC block address from the lowest bit. In frames # 8 to # 15, sub-information of the second 1 byte is buried out of the 4 parity check bytes of the ECC block address. In frames # 16 to # 20, buried 5-bit sub-information representing the sector number is buried. In frames # 21 to # 25, 5-bit sub-information representing the parity check of the sector number is buried. As shown in Fig. 8, in sector 1, a 1 byte "23h" is buried as portion of the block ID.

The content of sector 2 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 2, in frames # 0 to # 7, a third single byte of the 4 bytes (32 bits) of the ECC block address from the lowest bit is buried sequentially. In frames # 8 to # 15, buried sub-information of the third single byte of the 4 parity bytes of the ECC block address is buried. In frames # 16 to # 20, buried 5-bit sub-information representing the sector number is buried. In frames # 21 to # 25, 5-bit sub-information representing the parity check of the sector number is buried. As shown in Fig. 8, in sector 2, a single-byte "45h" portion of the block ID is buried.

The content of sector 3 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 3, in frames # 0 to # 7, a fourth single byte is sequentially buried out of 4 bytes (32 bits) of the ECC block address from the lowest bit. In frames # 8 to # 15, buried sub-information of the fourth single byte of the 4 parity bytes of the ECC block address is buried. In frames # 16 to # 20, buried 5-bit sub-information representing the sector number is buried. In frames # 21 to # 25, 5-bit sub-information representing the parity check of the sector number is buried. As shown in Fig. 8, in sector 3, a 1 byte "45h" portion of the block ID is buried.

Thus, the 32-bit block ID "76543210h is represented by the combination of 1-byte information from each of the 4 sectors 825.

The byte block ID in sectors 825 is preferably read in order, i.e., sequentially from the first sector 825 to be read to the last sector 825 to be read and from the lowest bit to the highest bit of the block ID.

The content of sectors from the fourth will now be described. In sectors 4 to 7, the description of the contents of sectors 0 to 3 is repeated. Similarly, for sectors 8 to 11, 12 to 15, 16 to 19, 20 to 23, 24 to 27, and 28 to 31. the description of the contents of sectors 0 to 3 is repeated.

Thus, information in 4 sectors is described 8 times (4 times when the unit of block 841 includes 16 sectors). Thus, parity check information for performing error correction can be added to each unit of block 841. Thus, the reliability of reading the block ID can be increased.

Since sector numbers are described, even when one byte of the block ID is lost, the one byte that is lost can be easily identified by reading the sector number. Thus, the reliability of reading the block ID can be increased.

PL 209 249 B1

Since the sector numbers are described, the following advantages are achieved. When data is not read continuously, e.g., after a search operation, the sector number for sector 825 may be read immediately after the search operation, rather than reading block unit 841 from block marker 810 at the leading end. Through such an operation, the block ID can finally be determined by reading sub-information of 4 sectors 825 starting at any sector 825.

Since the block ID is ultimately determined by reading only one of the groups of sectors 825 ', each containing 4 sectors (8KB = 2KBx4), fast post-processing (reading data, writing data, etc.) can be performed.

Even if approximately 4 sectors of the block ID are misread due to a disk scratch (defect), the correct block ID can be read from the error free sector. Thus, a significantly high level of reliability in reading the block ID is guaranteed.

Instead of a sector number, an ID number may be described indicating the order of the sector among the 4 sectors 825 (i.e., first sector, second sector, and the like) in the sector group 825 '. While Fig. 10 shows the 5-bit sector number and the 5-bit parity check of the sector number in frames # 16 to # 25, Fig. 16 shows a 2-bit ID number, 2-bit ID number parity, and a 6-bit repeated block ID order number, indicating the order of the repeating block ID, in frames # 16 to # 25.

When ID numbers are used, the 5-bit sub-information required for each sector number can be reduced to 2-bit. By using the remaining 8 bits (frames # 18 to # 25), the error correction capability of the block ID can be improved.

Since the ID numbers are described, the following advantages are achieved. When data is not read continuously, for example, after a search operation, the sector ID number 825 may be read immediately after the search operation, instead of reading block unit 841 from block marker 810 at the leading end. Through such an operation, the block ID can finally be determined by reading sub-information of 4 sectors 825 starting at any sector 825.

In case the subinformation includes an order number of a block ID, the order number can be used to finally determine the address number based on the majority. Moreover, the number provides useful information for signal processing, e.g. which sector 825 in the block is now being read, or which group of sub-information in the block is incorrect.

In the case of a disk optical medium having multiple recording surfaces or layers, the record layer order number may be included in a sub-information group. In this way, the recording surface can be easily identified. For example, one of the same four order numbers in Fig. 16 may be replaced with a record layer order number. Thus, the recording surface can be easily identified.

In this example, the block ID is 32 bits. The number of bits of the address information is not limited to 32, and it may be any necessary number, for example, compatible with the amount of data to be recorded on the optical disc media or the type and system of error correction code.

In this example, the block unit is split into 32 sectors when N = 32 (or 16 sectors when N = 16). The present invention is not limited to such a number of sectors.

In this example, sub-information is recorded in 26 frames in each of the sectors at M = 26. The present invention is not limited to such a number of frames.

In this example, the sub-information is recorded after it has been modulated with sawtooth-shaped tilts. The present invention is not limited to swings of this shape. Sub-information may be recorded after it has been modulated with tilts of other shapes as shown, such as those shown in Figs. 4 or 7.

In this example, the block mark is the cut portion of a track groove. The present invention is not limited to such a block marker form. For example, a block mark may be modulated with tilts having the shapes shown in Figs. 5 or 6.

Example 8

Fig. 11 shows a track groove 1102 according to example 8 of the present invention. Track groove 1102 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in Fig. 2, instead of track 102 shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 11, track 1102 has shapes that vary from block to block. In fig. 11 a block mark (identification mark) 1110 is a cut portion in track groove 1102 and represents an index indicating the front end of each block.

PL 209 249 B1

Each block is divided into N sectors 1125 (N = 32 or 16) and each sector 1125 is divided into M frames numbered # 0 to # 25 (M = 26). Each frame has a predetermined number of wobbles 1126 and 1127. Wobbles 1126 and 1127 have different predetermined shapes that represent sub-information ('0', '1', or 'S'). One type of subinformation ('0', '1', or 'S') is represented by one wobble shape 1126 or 1127. The type of subinformation and the shape of the swings (swings 1126 or 1127) are mutually unambiguous. More specifically, both the ramps 1126 and 1127 are generally sawtooth shaped and have different rising slope (or rising slope) and slope (falling slope slope) shapes. Wobbles 1126 and 1127 are created according to the type of subinformation ('0' or '1'). The subinformation chain is represented by a combination of sawtooth wobbles 1126 and 1127.

The difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between sawtooth deflections 1126 and 1127 can be easily detected by a differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 1102 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 1102 (radial direction) of the optical disc medium 20 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having rising and falling slopes that change according to whether the subinformation is '0' or '1'. This difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal.

Thus, the type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. When using derivative, the noise component is naturally increased. In a disk optical medium having a worse signal-to-noise ratio, a detection error is to be expected. In the analyzed example, each wobble pattern 1126 and 1127 is repeated multiple times to increase detection reliability.

Essential information is recorded in block unit 1141 along track groove 1102 from block marker 1110. Block unit 1141 has a predetermined length, e.g., 64KB (or 32KB). The core information may be recorded as record marks 28. The block unit is an information processing unit and is for example an ECC block. The unit of block 1141 is divided into 32 sectors 1125 when N = 32 (or 16 sectors 1125 when N = 16). Each sector 1125 is a 2KB sub-block. Each sector 1125 is divided into 26 frames from # 0 to # 25 when M = 26. A sync flag SYNC is recorded at the front end of each of frames # 0 to # 25 as the timing signal used for data recovery.

A frame is a basic unit of information recorded in track groove 1102. In Fig. 11, frame # 0 is represented by reference number 1122 and frame # 1 is represented by reference number 1123. As shown by frames 1122 and 1123, each frame includes one frame. a type of swing created in advance in a periodic manner. Thus, 1 bit sub-information '0', '1', or 'S' is described in each of frames 1122 and 1123. A 26-bit (M = 26) subinformation group contained in each sector 1125 indicates at least a portion of the block ID (address information) corresponding to unit of block 1141.

The block ID may include an error correction code, error detection code, or parity code, or the like, for the correction or detection of detection signals, in addition to information indicating the address.

frames in each sector 1125 are divided into, for example, first 13 frames (frames # 0 to # 12; first frame group) and second 13 frames (frames # 13 to # 25; second frame group).

1-bit subinformation is recorded in every 13 frames as a portion of the block ID. So

The 2-bit subinformation is recorded in each sector 1125 as a portion of the block ID.

Fig. 12 shows an exemplary format of sub-information recorded in sectors 1125 in unit of block 1141 and frames # 0 to # 25. The leftmost section of the table in Fig. 10 shows the sector numbers. On its right side, there is information stored in the frames of each sector. 1 bit subinformation is recorded in the first 13 frames, and 1 bit subinformation is recorded in the second 13 frames (framegroup). Frames # 0 to # 25 each contain 1 bit subinformation. In this example, unit of block 1141 is an ECC block. B0 through B31 indicate the bit order number (i.e., whether the corresponding bit is the first bit, the second bit, etc.) in the ECC block address.

The contents of sector 0 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 0, in frames # 0 to # 12 (the first frames), the first one bit of the 32 bits of the ECC block address (LSB) is buried. In frames # 13 to # 25 (second frame), sub-information of the second one bit is buried among the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 11, in sector 0, 2 bit information ('0' and '1') is buried as portion of the block ID.

In the first frame of sector 0, a SYNC code 'S' may be buried, indicating the start of the ECC block address, rather than the first 1 bit of the ECC address (LSB) address. The SYNC code 'S' can be used as a timing signal to recover the address of an ECC block or as a detection marker to detect the start of an ECC block address.

The content of sector 1 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 1, in frames # 0 to # 12 (first frames), a third 1 bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. In frames # 13 to # 25 (second frame), sub-information of the fourth 1 bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 11, in sector 1, 2 bit information ('0' and '1') is buried as portion of the block ID.

Thus, a 32-bit block ID is represented by a combination of 2-bit information from each of 16 sectors 1125.

In the case where the ECC block is 32KB in length and one unit of block 1141 is divided into 16 sectors 1125, a 32-bit block can be obtained by storing 2 bit subinformation in each sector 1125.

In the case where the ECC block is 32KB in length, one block ID is represented by 16 sectors as described above. In the case where the ECC block is 64KB in length, one unit of block 1141 has 32 sectors 1125. In sectors 16 to 31, a description of the contents of sectors 0 to 15 is repeated. Namely, information in 16 sectors (sub-information group is described twice).

Since subinformation is written over the block repeating 1141, the block ID is ultimately determined by reading only 16 sectors, i.e. 32KB (2KB x 16). Therefore, post-processing (data reading, data writing, etc.) can be carried out quickly. Since the block ID is repeated twice in block unit 1141, the reliability of reading the block ID is thus increased.

Instead of storing the block ID twice in block unit 1141, information other than the block ID may be included. For example, an order number of the block ID may be included in the subinformation group. The order number can be used to finally determine the address number based on a majority. Moreover, the number provides useful information for signal processing, e.g. which sector 1125 in the block is currently being read or which group of sub-information in the block is incorrect.

In the case of a disk optical medium having multiple recording surfaces or layers, the record layer order number may be included in a sub-information group. In this way, the recording surface can be easily identified as described above with reference to Fig. 16.

In this example, the block ID is 32 bits. The number of bits of the address information is not limited to 32, but may be any necessary number compatible with, for example, the amount of data to be recorded on optical disc media or the type and system of error correction code.

In this example, the block unit is divided into 32 sectors with N = 32 (or 16 sectors with N = 16). The present invention is not limited to this number of sectors.

In this example, sub-information is written in 26 frames contained in each sector with M = 26. The present invention is not limited to such a number of frames.

In this example, the sub-information is recorded modulated on sawtooth-shaped tilts. The present invention is not limited to swings of this shape. The sub-information may be recorded when modulated with a deviation having the shapes shown, for example, in Figs. 4 or 7.

In this example, the block mark is the cut portion of a track groove. The present invention is not limited to such a block marker form. For example, a block mark may for example be modulated with tilts having the shape shown in Figs. 5 or 6.

Example 9

Fig. 13 shows a track groove 1302 according to example 9 of the present invention. The track groove 1302 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in FIG. 2, instead of the track 102 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 13, the track groove 1302 has shapes that vary from block to block. In fig. 13 a block mark (identification mark) 1310 is a cut portion of track groove 1302 and represents an index indicating the front end of each block.

PL 209 249 B1

Each block is divided into N sectors 1325 (N = 32 or 16) and each sector 1325 is divided into M frames numbered # 0 to # 25 (M = 26). Each frame has a predetermined number of wobbles 1326 and 1327. The wobbles 1326 and 1327 have different predetermined shapes that represent sub-information ('0', '1', or 'S'). One type of subinformation ('0', '1', or 'S') is represented by one wobble shape 1326 or 1327. The type of subinformation and the shape of exclamations (swings 1326 or 1327) are in a mutually unambiguous relation. More specifically, both the deflections 1326 and 1327 are generally sawtooth-shaped and have different rising (or rising slope) and falling (falling slope) shapes. Wobbles 1326 and 1327 are created according to the type of subinformation ('0' or '1'). The subinformation chain is represented by a combination of sawtooth wobbles 1326 and 1327.

The difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between the sawtooth deflections 1326 and 1327 can be easily detected by a differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 1302 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 1302 (radial direction) of the optical disc medium 20 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having a rising edge and a falling edge that varies according to whether the '0' or '1' sub-information is obtained. This difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal.

Thus, the type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. When using derivative, the noise component is naturally increased. In a disk optical medium having a worse signal-to-noise ratio, a detection error is to be expected. In the analyzed example, each wobble pattern 1326 and 1327 is repeated multiple times to enhance detection reliability.

Core information is recorded in block unit 1341 along track groove 1302 from block marker 1310. Block unit 1341 has a predetermined length, e.g., 64KB (or 32KB). The core information may be recorded as record marks 28. The block unit is an information processing unit and is for example an ECC block. The unit of block 1341 is divided into 32 sectors 1325 when N = 32 (or 16 sectors 1325 when N = 16). Each sector 1325 is a 2 KB subblock. Each sector 1325 is divided into 26 frames from # 0 to # 25 when M = 26. A sync flag SYNC is recorded at the front end of each of frames # 0 to # 25 as the timing signal used for data recovery.

A frame is a basic unit of information recorded in track groove 1302. In Fig. 13, frame # 0 is represented by reference number 1322 and frame # 1 is represented by reference number 1323. As shown by frames 1322 and 1323, each frame includes one frame. a type of swing created in advance in a periodic manner. Thus, 1 bit sub-information '0', '1', or 'S' is described in each of frames 1322 and 1323. A 26-bit (M = 26) subinformation group contained in each sector 1325 indicates at least a portion of the block ID (address information) corresponding to unit of block 1141.

frames in each sector 1325 are divided into, for example, first 13 frames (frames # 0 to # 12; first frame group) and second 13 frames (frames # 13 to # 25; second frame group). In the 13 frames of the first frames, the same pivot shapes are formed periodically in advance. In the 13 frames of the second frames, the same tilt shapes are formed periodically in advance. Thus, a 2-bit '0', '1', or 'S' subinformation is described in each sector 1325. 32 a bit subinformation in each sector 1325 indicates at least a portion of the ID of the block (address information) corresponding to unit of block 1341.

The block ID may include an error correction code, error detection code, or parity code, or the like, for the correction or detection of detection signals, in addition to information indicating the address.

Fig. 14 shows an exemplary format of sub-information recorded in sectors 1325 in unit of block 1341 and frames # 0 to # 25. In the leftmost section of the table in Fig. 14, the sector numbers are shown. On its right side, there is information stored in the frames of each sector.

The content of sector 0 will now be described. In all frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 0, the first 1 bit of the 32 bits of the ECC address block (LSB) is buried. As shown in Fig. 14, in sector 0, 1 bit subinformation ('0' or '1') is buried.

PL 209 249 B1

The contents of sector 1 will now be described. In all frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 1, the first 1 bit of the 32 bits of the ECC address block (LSB) is buried. As shown in Fig. 14, in sector 1, 1 bit sub-information B0 ('0' or '1') is buried.

In sector 1, the sub-information B0 buried in sector 0 is repeated.

The contents of sector 2 will now be described. In all frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 2, the second 1 bit is buried from the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in sector 2, 1 bit sub-information B1 ('0' or '1') is buried.

The contents of sector 3 will now be described. In all frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 3, a second 1 bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in sector 3, 1 bit sub-information B1 ('0' or '1') is buried.

In sector 3, sub-information B1 buried in sector 2 is repeated.

Thus, in the even numbered sectors up to sector 12, the third, fifth, and seventh 1 bit of the 32 bits of the ECC block address are buried, respectively. In the odd-numbered (N) sectors up to sector 13, the same sub-information is buried as in the even-numbered (N-1) sectors.

The contents of sectors 14 to 24 will be described below.

The contents of sector 14 will now be described. In all frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 14, an eighth 1 bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in sector 14, 1 bit sub-information B7 ('0' or '1') is buried.

The contents of sector 15 will now be described. In all frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 15, the ninth 1 bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in sector 15, 1 bit sub-information B8 ('0' or '1') is buried.

Similarly, 1 bit subinformation up to sector 24 is described.

The contents of sector 25 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 25, in frames # 0 to # 12 (first frame group), the nineteenth bit is buried from the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in the first frame group of sector 25, 1 bit sub-information B18 ('0' or '1') is buried.

Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 25, in frames # 13 to # 25 (second frame group), a twenty-1 bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in the second frame group of sector 25, 1 bit sub-information B19 ('0' or '1') is buried.

The contents of sector 26 will now be described. Of frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 26, in frames # 0 to # 12 (first frame group), the twenty-first 1 bit of the 32 bits of the ECC block address is buried. As shown in Fig. 14, in the first frame group of sector 26, 1 bit sub-information B20 ('0' or '1') is buried.

Among frames # 0 to # 25 of sector 26, in frames # 13 to # 25 (second frame group), a twenty-second one bit is buried out of the 32 bits of the ECC block address. As shown in Fig. 14, in the second frame group of sector 26, 1 bit sub-information B21 ('0' or '1') is buried.

Similarly, 1 bit subinformation up to sector 31 is described.

As described above, in this example, the number of sectors and the number of frames in which the subinformation is described changes according to the position of the ID bit of the block (i.e. low bit, or scared bit). In this example, sub-information B0 is a low-order bit (LSB) and sub-information B31 is a high-order bit (HSB).

In a system for continuously reading data stored, for example on an optical disk, the ID of the data block that is read continuously increases from the low bit sequentially. Between two adjacent block IDs, the block ID value only differs by "1. Therefore, the block ID can be determined simply by reading the low fewer bits of the block ID being read, since the remaining high bits can be estimated from the value that is read from the block ID of the immediately preceding block, or the value that is read from the block ID. precede the current block ID by the specified number. In this case, the reliability of reading a few bits of the lower ID of the block is important. In this example, the lower ID bits of the block are distributed across multiple sectors, i.e. a greater number than the remaining high bits as shown in Fig. 14. Therefore, the reading reliability of the lower ID bits of the block and the reading reliability of the block ID can be increased.

In this example, the block ID is 32 bits. The number of bits of the address information is not limited to 32, but may be any necessary number compatible with, for example, the amount of data to be recorded on optical disc media or the type and system of error correction code.

PL 209 249 B1

In this example, the block unit is divided into 32 sectors with N = 32 (or 16 sectors with N = 16). The present invention is not limited to this number of sectors.

In this example, sub-information is written in 26 frames contained in each sector with M = 26. The present invention is not limited to such a number of frames.

In this example, the sub-information is recorded modulated on sawtooth-shaped tilts. The present invention is not limited to swings of this shape. The sub-information may be recorded when modulated with a deviation having the shapes shown, for example, in Figs. 4 or 7.

In this example, the block mark is the cut portion of a track groove. The present invention is not limited to such a block marker form. For example, a block mark may for example be modulated with tilts having the shape shown in Figs. 5 or 6.

Example 10

Fig. 15 shows a track groove 1502 in accordance with an example of the present invention. Track groove 1502 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in Fig. 2, instead of track 102 shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 15, track groove 1502 has shapes that vary from block to block. In fig. 15 a block mark (identification mark) 1510 is cut off with a portion of track groove 1502 and represents an index indicating the front end of each block.

Each block is divided into N sectors 1525 (N = 32 or 16) and each sector 1525 is divided into M frames numbered # 0 to # 25 (M = 26). Each frame has a predetermined number of wobbles 1526 and 1527 periodically. Wobbles 1526 and 1527 have distinct predetermined shapes that represent sub-information ('0', '1', or 'S'). One type of subinformation ('0', '1', or 'S') is represented by one wobble shape 1526 or 1527. The type of subinformation and the shape of the swings (swings 1526 or 1527) are mutually unequivocal. More specifically, both the deflections 1526 and 1527 are generally sawtooth shaped and have different rising slope (or rising slope) and slope (falling slope slope) shapes. Wobbles 1526 and 1527 are created according to the type of subinformation ('0' or '1'). The subinformation chain is represented by a combination of sawtooth wobbles 1526 and 1527.

The difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between the sawtooth deflections 1526 and 1527 can be easily detected by the differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 1502 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 102 (radial direction) of the optical disc medium 20 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having a rising edge and a falling edge that varies according to whether the '0' or '1' sub-information is obtained. This difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal.

Thus, the type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. When using derivative, the noise component is naturally increased. In a disk optical medium having a worse signal-to-noise ratio, a detection error is to be expected. In this example, each wobble pattern 1526 and 1527 is repeated multiple times to enhance detection reliability.

Principal information is recorded in block unit 1541 along track groove 1502 from block marker 1510. Block unit 1541 has a predetermined length, for example, 64KB (or 32KB). The core information may be recorded as record marks 28. The block unit is an information processing unit and is for example an ECC block. The unit of block 1541 is partitioned into 32 sectors 1525 when N = 32 (or 16 sectors 1525 when N = 16). Each sector 1525 is a 2 KB subblock. Each sector 1525 is divided into 26 frames from # 0 to # 25 when M = 26. A sync flag SYNC is recorded at the front end of each of frames # 0 to # 25 as the timing signal used for data recovery.

A frame is a basic unit of information recorded in track groove 1502. In Fig. 15, frame # 0 is represented by the reference number 1522 and frame # 1 is represented by the reference number 1523. As shown by frames 1522 and 1523, each frame includes a formed frame. one type of swing periodically in advance. Thus, a 1 bit sub-information '0', '1', or 'S' is described in each of frames 1522 and 1523. Sub-information is described as

PL 209 249 B1 information SYNC. A 26-bit (M = 26) subinformation group contained in each sector 1525 indicates at least a portion of the block ID (address information) corresponding to unit 1541.

1 bit subinformation is assigned to one frame and hence a 32 bit block ID is buried in contiguous 32 frames (subinformation group).

The block ID may include an error correction code, error detection code, or parity code, or the like, for the correction or detection of detection signals, in addition to information indicating the address.

As described above, a block ID is represented by a combination of 1 bit information that is associated with each of the 32 frames. Namely, the entire block ID is represented by a 32 bit subinformation group.

When an ECC block is 64 KB in length, each block contains 32 sectors. Correspondingly, one block contains 832 frames (= 32 x 26). When a block ID is represented by 32 frames (one frame group), the block ID may be repeated 26 times (i.e., the same block ID is described in 26 frame groups) in block unit 1541.

When an ECC block is 32 KB in length, each block contains 16 sectors. Correspondingly, one block contains 416 frames (= 16 x 26). When a block ID is represented by 32 frames (one frame group), the block ID may be repeated 13 times (i.e. the same block ID is described in 13 frame groups) in block unit 1541.

Thus, the block ID is represented by 32 frames (one frame group) and the block ID is described multiple times in block unit 1541.

Thus, the block ID is ultimately determined by reading only 32 frames. Therefore, post-processing (data reading, data writing, etc.) can be carried out quickly.

Since the block ID is repeated a number of times in block unit 1541, the reliability of reading the block ID can be increased thereby.

Information other than the block ID may be included as described above with reference to Fig. 16, although the number of repeats of the block ID in the block unit 1541 is reduced in such a case. For example, an order number of the block ID may be included in the subinformation group. The order number can be used to finally determine the address number based on a majority. Moreover, the number provides useful information for signal processing, e.g. which sector 1525 in the block is now being read, or which group of sub-information in the block is incorrect.

In the case of a disk optical medium having multiple recording surfaces or layers, the record layer order number may be contained in a sub-information group. In this way, the recording surface can be easily identified. For example, one of the same four order numbers in Fig. 16 may be replaced by a record layer order number. Thus, the recording surface can be easily identified.

In this example, the block ID is 32 bits. The number of bits of the address information is not limited to 32, and it may be any number necessary, for example, according to the amount of data to be recorded on the optical disc medium or the type and system of error correction code.

In this example, the block unit is split into 32 sectors when N = 32 (or 16 sectors when N = 16). The present invention is not limited to such a number of sectors.

In this example, sub-information is recorded in 26 frames in each of the sectors at M = 26. The present invention is not limited to such a number of frames.

In this example, the sub-information is recorded after it has been modulated with sawtooth-shaped tilts. The present invention is not limited to swings of this shape. Sub-information may be recorded after it has been modulated with other wobble shapes, such as those shown in Figs. 4 or 7.

In the present example, the block mark is the cut portion of a track groove. The present invention is not limited to such a block marker form. For example, a block mark may be modulated with tilts having the shapes shown in Figs. 5 or 6.

Example 11

Fig. 22 shows a track groove 1602 in accordance with example 11 of the present invention. Track groove 1602 may be formed in the disc optical medium 20 shown in FIG. 2, instead of track 102 shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 22, track 1602 has shapes that vary from block to block.

Referring to Fig. 22, an ECC block, which is a unit for forming a block address, is divided into four PID sections PID0 through PID3. The PID sections, namely PID0, PID1, PID2 and PID3, are designated 2202, 2204, 2206 and 2208 respectively. PID sections 2202, 2204, 2206

PL 209 249 B1 and 2208 are preceded by buffer sections 0 through 3, respectively. Buffer sections 0, 1, 2, and 3 are respectively designated 2201, 2203, 2205, and 2207. Each of the buffer sections 2201, 2203, 2205, and 2207. includes a block tag (identification tag) 2220. In FIG. 22, a block tag (identification tag) 2220 is a cut portion in track groove 1602 and represents an index indicating the leading end of each PID section.

As described above, the block is divided into four PID sections (N = 4) and each PID section is further divided into M frames (M = 52). Each frame (e.g., each of frames 2222, 2223, 2224, and 2225) has a predetermined number of wobbles 2226, 2227, 2229, or 2230 along track groove 1602 from block marker 2220. Wobbles 2226, 2227, 2229, or 2230 are assumed to differ from each other. shapes in advance that represent sub-information ('0', '1', 'S', or 'B'). One type of subinformation ('0', 'S', or 'B') is represented by one wobble shape 2226, 2227, 2229 or 2230. The type of subinformation and the wobble shape (wobble 2226, 2227, 2229 or 2230) relate to each other unequivocal. More specifically, swings 2226, 2227, and 2228 are all generally sawtooth-shaped and swings 2230 are generally sine-wave shaped. The swings 2226, 2227, 2228, and 2230 have different rising (or slope) shapes and falling (falling slope) shapes. Wobbles 2226, 2227, 2229, or 2230 are created according to the type of subinformation ('0', '1', 'S', or 'B').

The difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between the deflections 2226, 2227, 2229 and 2230 can be easily detected by the differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 1602 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 1602 (radial direction) of the optical disc medium 20 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having rising and falling slopes that vary according to whether '0', '1', 'S' or 'B' subinformation is obtained. This difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal.

Thus, the type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. When using derivative, the noise component is naturally increased. In a disk optical medium having a worse signal-to-noise ratio, a detection error is to be expected. In this example, each wobble pattern 2226, 2227, 2229, and 2230 is repeated multiple times to increase detection reliability.

The contents of the PID section will now be described. Each PID section contains 52 frames each of 372 bytes, so the section is 19344 bytes long (= 372 x 52). The PID section 2202 (PID0) includes 8-bit PID information 2209, 24-bit block address information 2210, 16-bit IED information 2211, and a 4-bit address tag (AM) 2212.

PID information 2209 represents the number of the corresponding PID section (i.e., whether the PID information is PID0, PID1, PID2, or PID3). Address information of block 2210 is address information associated with each block and is common to PID0 through PID3 of the same ECC block. The IED information 221 is an ID error detection code generated from PID information 2209 and address information of block 2210.

Address tag 2212 is located at the trailing end of the PID section 2202 (trailing end) and is used to detect the leading end of the PID section 2204 that immediately follows the PID section 2202. The address tag 2211 includes B subinformation using a sine wave, such as for example, wobble 2230 in frame 2225 in addition to '1', '0', or 'S' subinformation. Address tag 2212 is represented by a combination of sub-information "S" recorded by wise 2229 in frame 2224 and sub-information "B". For example, address tag 2212 has 4 bit 'SBBS' information. When such a pattern is detected, detection of the next buffer section or PID section is prepared.

Since 'B' subinformation is only used for the address tag, the address tag is easily distinguished from sections having other information. Thus, the detection precision of the address tag can be increased.

The contents of the buffer section will now be described. Unlike the PID section, each buffer section has a block tag 2220 previously written to disk. For example, the tag of block 2220 is a mirror tag that is a cut portion of track groove 1602 as shown in

FIG. 17, depicted below, is shown in FIG. 17. A buffer section 2201 precedes the PID section 2202 (PID0) and is also the forward end of the ECC block.

Buffer sections 0 to 3 are provided in advance of PID0 through PID3, respectively, and are 93 bytes long. The block tag (mirror tag) 2220 is approximately 2 bytes long. Dummy data may be written to each buffer section to increase the precision of the detection of the tag of block 2220.

The dummy data used could be, for example, information containing simply repeats of 4T tags and 4T gaps. Thus, the single-frequency component write mark and the block mark can be frequency separated for easier detection. Thus, the tag of the block can be detected more easily.

As described above, the ECC block is divided into four PID sections and each PID section is preceded by a buffer section. A block tag is created in each buffer section to indicate the leading end of the PID section. Such PID sections are repeated in the ECC block. Since the block ID is finally specified by 1/4 read-only block, post-processing (reading data, writing data, etc.) can be performed quickly.

Since the block ID is repeated many times in the ECC block, the reliability of reading the block ID is increased.

In this example, the ECC block is split into four PID sections. The present invention is not limited to such a number of PID sections. One EC block can be partitioned into any integer number of PID sections.

In this example, the sub-information is recorded after it has been modulated with sawtooth-shaped tilts. The present invention is not limited to swings of this shape. Sub-information may be recorded after it has been modulated into wobbles with the shapes shown, for example, in Figs. 4 or 7.

In the present example, the block mark is the cut portion of a track groove. The present invention is not limited to such a block marker form. For example, a block mark may be modulated into tilts having the shapes shown, for example, in Figs. 5 or 6. Alternatively, the block mark may be modulated into tilts having a shape as shown, for example, in Figs. 17, 18 or 19.

Example 12

Fig. 17 shows a track groove 1702 according to example 12 of the present invention. Track groove 1702 is obtained by modifying the buffer section of track groove 1602 shown in Fig. 22.

In Fig. 17 reference number 1701 represents buffer section 0 and 1705 represents each of buffer sections 1 to 3. A track groove 1702 having a continuous plurality of sine-wave wobbles is formed in advance on disk and each buffer section is 93 bytes long. . The buffer section has nine wobbles. Buffer section 0 has block markers 1703 and 1704 each as a cut portion of track 1702, and buffer sections 1 to 3 each have block mark 1706 as cut portion of track 1702.

As described in Example 11, buffer sections 0 to 3 precede the PID sections and may be the leading end of address information. Therefore, it is required to ensure a satisfactorily high level of read reliability of the buffer section 0 to 3. In the case where the tag of the block is repeated multiple times (for example twice) in the buffer section; i.e. in case several of the same block markers are set in the buffer section; a block mark can be detected with a high level of reliability even when one of the block markers cannot be detected due to external interference such as noise or a defect. In the event that a block mark is repeated multiple times with a certain interval, the correct block marker can be easily distinguished from a pseudo block marker which is generated by noise, defect, or the like.

The number and shape of block markers created in buffer sections 0 to 3 can be the same. For example, one block mark 1703 may be set in each buffer section 0 to 3. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 17, the number and shapes of block markers formed in buffer sections 0 to 3 may be different for sections 0 to 3. 3. For example, the number of block marks in buffer section 0 may be different from that in sections 1 to 3. In this case, more block markers are provided in the buffer section 0 than in the rest of the sections to increase the read reliability of the buffer section 0, acting as the front end of the ECC block. In Fig. 17, two markers of block 1703 and 1704 are provided in buffer section 0, while one

A block marker 1706 is provided in each of buffer sections 1 through 3. When the number or shape of block marks created in buffer section 0 is different from the number or shapes of block formed in buffer sections 1 through 3, the section block marker buffer 0 can be easily distinguished from the block mark in the rest of the buffer sections. Thus, the starting address of the ECC block may be definitively determined without reading all the PID sections.

In Fig. 17, the block markers are fixed at the same position with respect to the tilt phase. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 18, block marks may be fixed at positions having a tilted phase difference of 180 (block marks 1703 and 1804).

In this example, each tag of a block has a physical length of 2 bytes, but the present invention is not limited to that length. An optimally designed length which is determined by the optical spot may be selected. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, a block tag may be physically 4 bytes long.

When a block tag can be a physical length of 4 bytes as shown in Fig. 19, the physical length of a block tag in buffer section 0 may be different from that in buffer sections 1 to 3. Thus, the read reliability of the block tag in buffer section 0 can be increased. When the length of the tag of a block created in buffer section 0 differs from the tag length in buffer sections 1 to 3, the tag of the block in buffer section 0 can be easily distinguished from the tag of the block in the remaining buffer sections.

Referring to Fig. 20, an optical disk medium will be described in which the block markers are preliminary pits formed in islands. Fig. 20 shows a track groove 2002 in such a disc optical medium. Track groove 2002 is obtained by modifying the buffer section of track groove 1602 shown in Fig. 22. In Fig. 20 reference number 2001 represents buffer section 0, and 2005 represents each of buffer sections 1 to 3. Block markers 2004 are formed in islands 2003 between adjacent portions of track groove 2002 of buffer section 0. Block markers 2004 are the cut portions in island 2003. When track groove 2002 is scanned by optical spot 2007, block markers 2004 are scanned in a state offset from the spot center 2007 optical half track.

Block markers 2004 formed on the island 2003 as shown in Fig. 20 can be detected using a difference signal indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the two divided detection areas of the light receiving element (e.g., a push-pull signal). The PID sections described above are detected using such a differential signal. The block address may be detected using a similar differential signal. Therefore, the block address and PID sections can be detected without switching the differential signal to a sum signal. Thus, the signal detection section may have a simpler electrical system configuration.

In the case where several of the same flags are set in one buffer section as block marks 2004 in Fig. 20, the number of block marks may be different in buffer section 0, and in buffer sections 1 to 3.

For example, when buffer section 0 includes two block markers 2204 and each buffer section 1 to 3 has one block marker 2204, the read reliability of the block mark in the buffer section can be increased. When the number of tags formed in buffer section 0 is different from the number of tags in buffer sections 1 to 3, the tag of the block in buffer section 0 can be easily distinguished from the tag of the block in the remaining buffer sections.

Dummy data can be written to each buffer section to improve the precision of block marker detection.

The dummy data used could be, for example, information containing simply repeats of 4T tags and 4T gaps. Thus, the single-frequency component write mark and the block mark can be frequency separated for easier detection. Thus, the tag of the block can be detected more easily.

Example 13,

Fig. 21 shows the PID section 2100 of an optical disc medium according to example 13 of the present invention. The PID section 2100 is obtained by modifying the PID0 to PID3 shown in Fig. 22. The PID section 2100 contains 52 frames each of 372 bytes, and thus 19344 bytes long (= 372 x 52). The PID section 2100 includes 8-bit PID information 2209, 24-bit block address information 2210, 16-bit IED information 2211, and a 4-bit address tag (AM) 2212 as the identification tag. PID information 2209, address information of block 2210, and IED information 2211 are similar to those described in Example 11.

PL 209 249 B1

The address tag 2211 is located at the trailing end of the PID section 2100 and is used to detect the leading end of the PID section that is immediately following the PID section 2100. The address tag 2211 is an information unit 4, including 'B' subinformation in addition to the '1' subinformation. '0' or 'S'. Address tag 2211 is represented by a combination of 'S' sub-information and 'B' sub-information. The address tag can be a different combination of sub-information in each PID section 2100. For example, as shown in Fig. 21, the PID3 address tag 2107 includes 4 bit 'SSSS' information. When such a combination is detected, it is identified as the PID3 address tag 2107. Thus, detection of the identification tag in the buffer section immediately preceding the next PID0, or the address of the PID0 can be prepared.

Each of the address tags 2101 PID0, 2103 PID1, 2105 PID2 contains an 'SBBS' and thus is different from the address tag 2107 PID3. Since the contents of the PID3 address tag are different from the contents of the PID0 to PID2 address tags, the PID3 address tag is easily distinguishable from the other sections' address tags. Thus, a higher precision in detection of the PID3 address tag is possible. Namely, the front end of the block may be more easily detected by such a combination of sub-information.

The address tags PID0 through PID2 may be formed by the same wobble shape (ie, the same combination of subinformation). For example, all of the address tags PID0 through PID2 can contain 'SBBS'.

21 in Fig. 21, the address marks 2101, 2103, 2105 and 2107 which have information represented by the deflections of the track groove can be detected using a difference signal indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the two divided detection areas of the light-receiving element (e.g., a push-pull signal). ). PID information 2209, address information of block 2210, and IEP information 2211 are detected using such a differential signal. A block address or identifier tag preceding each PID section may be detected using a similar differential signal. Therefore, the front end of each PID section, the front end of the block, and the block address can be detected without switching the difference signal into a sum signal and a difference signal. Thus, the signal detection section may have a simpler electrical system configuration.

To increase the precision of the detection of the address marks 2101, 2103, 2105 and 2107, dummy data may be recorded in portions of the track groove corresponding to the address marks.

The dummy data used could be, for example, information containing simply repeats of 4T tags and 4T gaps. Thus, the single-frequency component write mark and the block mark can be frequency separated for easier detection. Thus, the tag of the block can be detected more easily. The address marks shown in Fig. 21 can be detected using the above-mentioned difference signal. Therefore, the address marks can be detected by writing the correct user data, instead of dummy data, in the portions of the track groove corresponding to the address marks.

The identification tag in the buffer section and the address tag may be used in combination. The identification tag in the buffer section is, for example, a 2-byte mirror tag, and thus is set at a substantially higher level of positioning precision. Therefore, such combined use may increase the precision of the position at which writing is started at the time of combining for additional writing or rewriting.

Example 15

The lead-in area and lead-out area according to an example of the present invention will be described below.

Referring to FIG. 29, a start area and an end area of ​​a conventional disc optical medium 3001 will be described. Optical disk medium 3001 includes a start area 3003 defined in the innermost area, an end area 3004 in the outermost area, and a recording and playback area defined between the innermost area. start area 3003 and end area 3004. In Fig. 29, portion 3007 has been enlarged. Start area 3003 has preliminary recesses 3006. By reading the difference between the reflectivity between the pre-depressions and the rest of the area, the information '0' or '1' is read. The start area 3003 has disk management information recorded in advance. The disk management information includes, for example, disk reproduction power information, servo information, optimal write power information. The recording and playback area 3004 has a track groove 3002 in advance. By lead-through

Following track groove 3002, data is written to track groove 3002, or data written to track groove 3002 is deleted.

In a conventional disk optical medium 3001, the start area 3003 and the end area 3005 differ from the recording and reproduction area 3004 in the shape of the preliminary pits 3006 and the shape of the track groove 3002. Therefore, two tracking systems must be used alternately. More specifically, phase difference system (DPD) tracking is applied to the start and end regions, and the push-pull system tracking using track groove 3002 is applied to the recording and reproducing area 3004.

In example 15 of the present invention, a disc optical medium is provided allowing the same tracking system to be applied to the start, end, and recording and reproducing areas. Such a disk optical medium can simplify the tracking operation.

Thereafter, a disk optical medium will be described in accordance with Example 15.

Fig. 23 shows disk optical medium 2400 according to example 15. Disk optical medium 2400 includes a start area 2401, a recording and playback area 2402, and an end area 2403. The start area 2401 and end area 2403 have disk management information recorded in advance. The start 2401 and end 2403 areas may each have an area different from the user data recording area, i.e., a test write area. In fig. 23, start area 2401 can be defined in the area from the edge of a circle having a radius of 22.59 mm from the center of disc optical medium 2400 to the edge of a circle having a radius of 24.02 mm from the center of disc optical medium 2400. Start area 2401 includes the disk management area (the area from the edge of the circle having a radius of 22.59 mm from the center to the edge of a circle having a radius of 24.00 mm from the center) containing disk management information pre-recorded. The start area 2401 may also include a rewritable area for trial writing to an optical disc media or drive. As a rule, information in the disk management area cannot be overwritten. In this example, start area 2401 and end area 2403 designate a disk management area.

Referring to Fig. 34, a track groove 3631 formed in a helical manner in the recording surface of a disc optical medium will be described. A track groove 3631 is formed in a start region 2401 and an end region 2403. A track groove 3631 is defined with the predetermined shapes of the tilt 3626, 3627, and 3628 in a particular manner. Wobbles 3626, 3627, and 3628 have distinct assumed shapes and represent sub-information ('0', '1', 'S', or 'B'). One type of subinformation ('0', '1', 'S', or 'B') is represented by one wobble shape 3626, 3627, or 3628. The type of subinformation and sawtooth form (wobble 3626, 3627, or 3628) are mutually unambiguous relationship. More specifically, the generally sawtooth-shaped swings 3626 and 3627 and the sine-wave swings 3628 have different rising (or rising slope) shapes and falling (falling slope) shapes as shown in Figure 34. Information disk management is represented by a chain of subinformation represented as a combination of sawtooth wobbles 3626, 3627 and wobbles 3628.

A difference in the slope of the rising edge and the slope of the falling edge between the sawtooth deflections 3626, 3627, and the deflection 3628 can be easily detected by a differential push-pull detection signal as follows. The scanning laser beam is aimed at track groove 3631 and a differential signal is generated indicating the difference between the amounts of light received by the detection areas of the light receiving element divided along a direction perpendicular to track groove 3631 (radial direction) of the disc optical medium 3400 (i.e., push-pull signal). Thus, a detection signal is obtained having a rising edge slope and a falling edge slope that vary according to whether the '0' or '1' sub-information is obtained. This difference between the slope of the rising and falling edges can be easily identified, for example by differentiating the detection signal. The type of sub-information can be detected by the magnitude of the value obtained as a result of the differentiation. In start area 2401 and end area 2403, subinformation is used as disk management information for recording and playback area 2402.

In FIG. 34, a frame 3620 including a flag of block 3660 has nine predefined tilts 3628 so as to indicate sub-information "B". Each of the 52 frames 3621 after the block marker 3660 has a total of 36 sawtooth wobbles 3626 and 3627 so as to indicate '0' sub-information and '1' sub-information. In the case of 2400 disk optical media, in this case format

PL 209 249 B1

CLV, the physical frequency for which sawtooth deflections 3626 and 3627 are created, is constant and is fb from the innermost path to the outermost path.

Referring to FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B, start regions 2401 and end regions 2403 will be compared to recording and reproducing regions 2402.

Fig. 24A shows a track groove 2502 in the recording and playback area 2402. The frame 2510 including the marker of block 2520 has nine tilt 2528 (sine wave shape) formed in advance to indicate sub-information "B". Each of the 52 frames 2511 following block marker 2520 has a total of 36 swings 2526 and 2527 (sawtooth shape) so as to indicate '0' sub-information and '1' sub-information. In the case of disk optical medium 2400, in this case the CLV format, the physical frequency for which the glitches 2526, 2527 and 2528 are created is fixed and is f from the innermost path to the outermost path (1 wobble: 124 channel bits). The degree of the swing oscillation is constant at 22.5 nmpp.

In the recording and reproducing area 2402, the record mark is written after it has been modulated. In this example, a modulated-46D signal whose wave length is limited to 2T (minimum length) is recorded in track groove 2502. The channel bit length at this point is 0.0771 µm. The laser light used to record and reproduce the signal has an average wavelength of 405 nm (+10 nm, -5 nm) and a numerical optical resolution (A) of 0.85 ± 0.01.

Fig. 24B shows track groove 3601 in start region 2401 and end region 2403. Details of track groove 3601 are described with reference to Fig. 34. Physical frequency fb for which tilts 3626, 3627, and 3628 are formed in start region 2401 and end area 2403, is ten times higher than the frequency fa for which the tilts 2526, 2527, and 2528 are created in the recording and reproducing area 2402. By setting a higher wobble frequency, the amount of information contained in the unit region can be increased.

In start area 2401 and end area 2403, a set of wobbles indicates 1 bit subinformation. Between the start area 2401 and end area 2403 and the recording and playback area 2402, there may be a different number of wobbles indicating 1 bit information that is the minimum subinformation unit. By reducing the number of wobbles indicating the 1-bit information in the start area 2401 and end area 2403 as compared to the recording and playback area 2402, the wobbles indicating the disk management information can be efficiently created in the relatively small areas of the start area 2401 and end area 2403.

As described above, start region 2401 and end region 2403 include a track groove 3631 having predetermined deflection shapes formed on a periodic basis, and each deflection shape in track groove 3631 represents disk management information. Since the tilts are also created periodically in a track groove 2502 included in the recording and playback area, tracking with the same system may be applied to the entire optical disk medium 2400. Since the frequency of the wobbles in the start area 2401 and end area 2403 is ten times higher than the frequency in the recording and playback area 2402, and one wobble indicates 1-bit subinformation, the amount of information recorded in the unit area is increased. Thus, the wobbles indicating the disk management information can be efficiently recorded in limited areas, in start area 2401 and end area 2403.

In this example, the frequency of the wobbles in the start area 2401 and end area 2403 is ten times higher than the frequency in the recording and reproducing area 2402, but the present invention is not limited to this numerical value.

In this example, sawtooth-shaped deviations are described. According to the invention, the deflections are not limited to this shape.

In this example, one wobble indicates 1-bit information. 1-bit may be indicated by a wobble set.

Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B, a wobble frequency fb in the start region 2401 and end region 2403 may be lower than the wobble frequency fa in the recording and reproducing region 2402. In this manner, the signal-to-noise ratio of detection can be increased. wobbles at start area 2401 and end area 2403. Thus, the reliability of the disk management information at start area 2401 and end area 2403 can be increased.

In this example, the wobbles in the start area 2401 and end area 2403 have the same frequency which is different from the wobble frequency in the recording and playback area.

PL 209 249 B1

2402. In the case where the disk management information is recorded only in the start area 2401, the frequency of the wobbles only in the start area 2401 may be different from the frequency in the recording and reproducing area 2402.

In this example, disk optical medium 2400 includes a start area 2401 and an end area 2403. Disk optical medium 2400 may include only a start area 2401 or only an end area 2403 in addition to the recording and playback area 2402.

Example 16

Figures 26A and 26B illustrate the track grooves 2502 and 2731 of the disc optical medium in accordance with example 16 of the present invention.

Track groove 2502 shown in Fig. 26A is the same as track 2502 described with reference to Fig. 24A and is formed in the recording and playback area 2402 shown in Fig. 23. Track groove 2731 shown in Fig. 26B may be formed in the area of ​​the recording and playback area 2402 shown in Fig. 26B. start area 2401 and end area 2403.

The frame 2510 including the marker of block 2520 has nine wobbles in a sinusoidal shape 2528 'so as to indicate sub-information' B '. Each of the 52 frames 2511 following block marker 2520 has a total of 36 sawtooth pivots 2526 'and 2527' so as to indicate '0' sub-information and '1' sub-information. In the case of disk optical media 2400, in this case the CLV format, the physical frequency for which the glitches 2526, 2527 and 2528 are created is fixed and is f from the innermost track to the outermost track (1 wobble: 124 channel bits). The swing amplitude representing the degree of the swing swing is constant and equals Ca.

The track grooves shown in Figures 26A and 26B differ in the wobble amplitude representing the degree of wobble in the wobble from those shown in Figures 24A and 24B. The track deflection amplitude of the groove 2502 in the recording and playback area 2402 of Fig. 26A is Ca and the amplitude of the track deflection of the groove 2731 in the start region 2401 and end region 2403 in Fig. 26B is Cb, with Cb> Ca.

The amplitude of the deflection signal during reproduction is proportional to the degree of the swing. Therefore, when the amplitude of the deflection of the start area 2401 and end area 2403 is greater than the amplitude of the deflection of the recording and reproducing area 2402, the signal to noise ratio is improved when the deflections during reproduction are detected. Thus, the read reliability of the disk management information can be increased.

In this example, disk optical medium 2400 includes a start area 2401 and an end area 2403. Disk optical medium 2400 may include only a start area 2401, or only an end area 2403, in addition to the recording and playback area 2402.

Example 17

Figures 27A and 27B illustrate the track grooves 2502 and 2831 of the optical disc media in accordance with example 17 of the present invention.

In FIG. 27A, the wobbles 2826 are formed with the CLV format and the physical frequency of the wobbles 2826 is constant from the innermost path to the outermost path. Therefore, the phases of two adjacent wobbles 2826 are shifted according to the path position and the radial position. At the time of reproduction, the effect of the adjacent path noise is dependent on the phase difference, and the amplitude of the tilt signal detected by the reproduction signal varies periodically with the phase difference. In a sweep where the varying amplitude of the wobble signal is minimal, the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced.

The path grooves shown in Figs. 27A and 27B differ from those of Figs. 24A and 24B as follows. In the track grooves 2831, the wobbles 2827 are formed with the CAV format and therefore the phase difference of the wobbles 2827 between two adjacent tracks is always π / 2.

When the tilts in the recording and reproducing area 2402, start area 2401 and end area 2403 are created with the CAV format, the amplitude of the tilt signal during reproduction is constant. Thus, the reliability of the detection of the wobbles can be increased.

In this example, the phase difference is π / 2. The swings usually have steep slopes for the 0 phase on the rise and for the π phase on the fall. When the steep slopes fall at π / 2 and 3 x π / 2 with π / 2 x (2n + 1) (n integer), the effect of crosstalk from adjacent paths can be reduced. The phase difference is not limited to such values ​​but may be another constant value.

Variations in the recording and playback area 2402, start area 2401 and end area 2403 may be created with the ZCLV format used in DVD-RAM instead of the CAV format.

PL 209 249 B1

By creating wobbles with the CAV format or the ZCLV format, instead of the CLV format, reliability of the address information reconstructed from the recording and playback area 2402 can be increased.

In this example, disk optical medium 2400 includes a start area 2401 and an end area 2403. Disk optical medium 2400 may include only a start area 2401, or only an end area 2403, in addition to the recording and playback area 2402.

Example 18

Figures 28A and 28B illustrate the track grooves 2502 and 2931 of the optical disc media in accordance with example 18 of the present invention.

Track groove 2502 shown in Fig. 28A is the same as track 2502 described above with reference to Fig. 24A and is formed in disc optical media 2400 shown in Fig. 23. Track groove 2931 shown in Fig. 28B may be formed in the region of Fig. start area 2401 and end area 2403.

Track groove 2502 shown in Fig. 28A has a track pitch (distance between two adjacent tracks) of TPAa. Essential information is recorded in track groove 2502 by a groove recording system.

The track grooves shown in Figs. 28A and 28B differ from those of Figs. 24A and 24B in track pitch. The track pitch of track groove 2502 in the recording and reproducing area 2402 of Fig. 28A is Tpa and the track pitch of track groove 2931 in start area 2401 and end area 2403 in Fig. 28B is Tpb, where Tpb> Tpa. For example, when information recorded on a disc optical medium of a groove recording system having a track pitch Tpa = 0.32 μm (distance between two adjacent tracks), is reproduced using an optical spot with a wavelength of 405 nm and a NA of 0.85 as with optical constants, the amplitude of the tracking error signal obtained by the push-pull system is significantly small. When the track pitch is increased, the amplitude of the tracking error signal is increased accordingly. When the degree of the pitch swing is constant, the amplitude of the pitch signal substantially increases in proportion to the amplitude of the tracking error signal. On the fifth, when the track pitch is increased, the amplitude of the pitch signal at the time of reproduction is increased.

Thus, by increasing the path pitch TPb in the start region 2401 and end region 2403 compared to the path pitch Tpa in the recording and reproducing region 2402, the signal to noise ratio can be increased during wobble detection.

Alternatively, when TPb <Tpa, the wobbles indicative of the disk management information can be efficiently stored in the limited areas of the start 2401 and end 2403.

In examples 15 through 18, the wobble frequency, wobble amplitude, wobble phase difference in adjacent paths, path pitch, and similar parameters in start regions 2401 and end regions 2403 differ from similar parameters in recording and playback region 2402. Many of these factors may be different for start 2401 and end 2403 areas, and for recording and reproducing areas 2402.

In the path of the disk management area of ​​the start area 2401 and end area 2403, no write mark is created. Thus, the signal-to-noise ratio of the reproduction signal for the disk management area can be increased, and thus the read reliability of the disk management area can be increased as a result.

In this example, disk optical medium 2400 includes a start area 2401 and an end area 2403. Disk optical medium 2400 may include only a start area 2401, or only an end area 2403, in addition to the recording and playback area 2402.

Example 19

Fig. 33 shows a track groove 3531 of a disc optical medium according to example 19 of the present invention.

A track groove 3531 shown in FIG. 33 can be formed in the start region 2401 and end region 2403 of the optical disc medium 2400 shown in FIG. 23.

Track groove 3531 of Fig. 33 differs from track groove 3631 of Fig. 24B in that track groove 3531 has a single-frequency record mark written once in start region 2401 and end region 2403 (i.e., track groove 3531). For example, a record mark having a channel bit length of 0.0771 µm is written once by determining a signal having record marks 8T and gaps 8T repeated in track groove 3531 having disk management information. So the information can

PL 209 249 B1 can be played back by a playback device that does not follow the push-pull system tracking (DPD system tracker). Thus, the compatibility between devices can be improved.

In this example, disk optical medium 2400 includes a start area 2401 and an end area 2403. Disk optical medium 2400 may include only a start area 2401 or only an end area 2403 in addition to the recording and playback area 2402.

Example 20.

Fig. 30 shows the track groove 3101 of a disc optical medium according to example 20 of the present invention.

In Example 1, the marker of block 210 is established by cutting off the track groove 102. In this example, the marker of block 3401 is formed by locally inverting the wobbles 3126 in track groove 3101. Thus, the marker of block 3104 that is created does not cut off the track groove 3101, hence the information. it may be written at block tag 3104. As a result, redundant data may be reduced.

Example 21

Fig. 32 shows the track groove 3201 of a disc optical medium in accordance with example 21 of the present invention.

In Example 1, block mark 210 is determined by cutting off track groove 102. In this example, the set of block markers 3204a and 3204b is created by locally inverting wobbles 3226 in track groove 3201. Block markers 3204a and 3204b thus formed do not cut off track groove 3201. and in addition, phase continuity of the wobbles 3226 is maintained except for the chunk located between block marks 3204a and 3204b. Therefore, reproduction may be performed without substantially changing the phase of the wobble clock and without generating a phase difference in the PLL. Core information may be recorded at block tags 3204a and 3204b. As a result, redundant data can be reduced.

Example 22

Fig. 31 shows the track groove 3301 of an optical disc medium in accordance with example 22 of the present invention.

In Example 1, block mark 210 is determined by cutting track groove 102. In this example, block mark 3304 is formed as a pitch 3326 having a locally higher frequency than sawtooth deflection 26. Thus, the block marker 3204 created does not cut track groove 3301, and thus, information can be recorded in the tag of block 3304. As a result, redundant data can be reduced.

In Examples 1, 4, 5, 7 to 12, 15, 16, and 19 to 22, a track groove having a block mark is disclosed. A track groove without a block mark may be provided on optical disk media.

As described above, in accordance with the present invention, a set of predetermined deflection shapes is formed in a track groove in which essential information is recorded on a block-by-block basis. The wobble represents the particular information described in the frame obtained by dividing the block by a predetermined number K. By creating the wobble indicating subinformation in multiple frames in the block, i.e. many times, address information may be created with little or no additional data. A single-frequency wobble reproduction signal (i.e., timing signal) may be obtained. Thus, high-density optical disk media can be developed.

The subinformation as a portion of a subinformation group indicates the sector number of the ID number. For example, when data is not read continuously, the sector number or sector ID number may be read after the search operation immediately after the search operation, instead of the block marker at the front end of the block. Thus, the block ID can be read from any sector. Finally, determining the block ID by reading only the sector group containing the set of sectors in the block, fast post-processing (data reading, data writing, etc.) can be performed.

The block ID is repeated multiple times in one block, and thus the read reliability of the block ID can be increased.

In the start area and the end area, the disc management information is indicated by sawtooth-shaped swings formed in advance. Thus, the same tracking system can be used for the entire disk. The disk optical device may be simplified.

PL 209 249 B1

The frequency of the pivot is different for the start and end areas and different for the recording and playback area. The disk management area can be efficiently written to limited areas of the start area in the inner portion of the disk and the end area of ​​the outer portion of the disk.