System and method for transferring airplanes
Abstract
This record has no abstract on file.
Term
1 yearto projected expiry
Projected expiry 24 September 2027, counted from filing; an application has no term until it is granted.
- Priority
- Filed
- Published
- Today
- Projected expiry
18 claims: 12 independent, 6 dependent
- 1Zastrzeżenia patentowe 1. Bezzałogowy system przenoszenia (100, 101, 102, 103, 104) samolotu, zawierający:a) moduł przenoszący, zawierający co najmniej jeden silnik (73, 130) i przystosowany do przenoszenia samolotu (10);b) urządzenie sterujące (72, 160) zamontowane z systemem przenoszenia, sprzężone z moduł em przenoszą cym i przystosowane i) do odbioru sygnał u przenoszenia, który jest czuły na jedną lub więcej komend dostarczonych przez element sterowania samolotem i ii) do sterowania modułem przenoszącym w odpowiedzi na sygnał przenoszenia, przy czym wspomniane komendy są z założenia w stanie sterować samolotem i/lub jego częściami.
- 2System przenoszenia według zastrz. 1, dalej zawierający uchwyt (78) podwozia, przystosowany do mocnego trzymania podwozia (20) samolotu (10), a uchwyt podwozia jest sprzężony obrotowo z elementem strukturalnym (79) bezzałogowego systemu przenoszenia;przy czym sterowanie modułem przenoszącym w odpowiedzi na sygnał przenoszenia jest przystosowane do reakcji na ruch uchwytu podwozia, wywołany sterowaniem, wynikający z co najmniej jednej komendy sterują cej, dostarczonej przez element sterowania samolotem.
- 3System przenoszenia według zastrz. 2, dalej zawierający jeden lub więcej ruchomych elementów, sprzęgających moduł przenoszący z elementem strukturalnym (79).
- 4System przenoszenia według zastrz. 3, dalej zawierający jeden lub więcej amortyzatorów (77), przy czym element strukturalny (79) jest sprzężony z modułem przenoszącym przez amortyzatory połączone z elementami ruchomymi.
- 5System przenoszenia według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 1-4, w którym co najmniej jedna komenda jest przystosowana do sterowania prędkością i/lub przyspieszaniem systemu przenoszenia.
- 6System przenoszenia według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 1-5, dalej zawierający czujnik (76) przystosowany do wyczuwania ruchu podwozia (20) samolotu, wywołanego przez kontrolę sterowania oraz w odpowiedzi do dostarczania sygnału przenoszenia do urządzenia sterującego (72).
- 7System przenoszenia według zastrz. 6, w którym urządzenie sterujące (72) jest przystosowane do odbioru sygnałów sterowania skrętem poślizgowym i sygnałów sterowania prędkością oraz w odpowiedzi do sterowania modułem przenoszącym, przy czym system przenoszenia jest przystosowany do utrzymywania osiowania między bezzałogowym systemem przenoszenia (100) samolotu a samolotem (10) podczas ruchów obrotowych samolotu.
- 8System przenoszenia według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 1-7, w którym moduł przenoszący zawiera wiele niezależnie sterowanych kół (71, 110, 11, 112, 113, 114).
- 9System przenoszenia według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 1-8, dalej zawierający interfejs audio, przystosowany do odbioru sygnałów modulowanych, typowych dla jednej lub wielu komend dostarczanych przez element sterowania samolotem oraz w odpowiedzi do dostarczania sygnału przenoszenia do urządzenia sterującego.
- 10System przenoszenia według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 1-9, dalej zawierający czujniki lokalizacji, sprzężone z urządzeniem sterującym, przy czym urządzenie sterujące jest dalej przystosowane do umożliwiania sterowania przenoszeniem samolotu w odpowiedzi na lokalizację systemu.
- 11Sposób przenoszenia samolotu, ten sposób obejmuje:a) odbiór sygnału przenoszenia czułego na jedną lub więcej komend dostarczanych przez element sterowania samolotem i b) w odpowiedzi na sygnał przenoszenia, przenoszenie samolotu przez bezzałogowy system przenoszenia samolotu, który zawiera co najmniej jeden silnik, przy czym wspomniane komendy są z założenia w stanie sterować samolotem i/lub jego częściami.
- 12Sposób według zastrz. 11, w którym sygnał przenoszenia jest czuły na ruch uchwytu podwozia wywołany sterowaniem, a ruch wynika z co najmniej jednej komendy sterującej, dostarczonej przez element sterowania samolotem;przy czym uchwyt podwozia mocno chwyta podwozie samolotu i jest sprzężony obrotowo z elementem strukturalnym bezzałogowego systemu przenoszenia samolotu.
- 13Sposób według zastrz. 11 albo 12, dalej obejmujący tłumienie energii powstałej na skutek szybkiej zmiany prędkości samolotu.
- 14Sposób według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 11-13, w którym co najmniej jedna komenda jest przystosowana do sterowania prędkością i/lub przyspieszaniem systemu przenoszenia.
- 15Sposób według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 11-14, dalej obejmujący wykrywanie ruchu podwozia samolotu wywołanego sterowaniem oraz w odpowiedzi dostarczenie sygnału przenoszenia.
- 16Sposób według zastrz. 15, w którym sygnał przenoszenia jest czuły na wykryty ruch wywołany sterowaniem i jedną lub więcej komend sterujących, a przenoszenie samolotu jest zapewnione przez zastosowanie skrętu poślizgowego i utrzymanie osiowania między bezzałogowym systemem przenoszenia samolotu a samolotem podczas ruchów obrotowych samolotu.
- 17Sposób według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 11-16, dalej obejmujący określanie lokalizacji samolotu, a przenoszenie samolotu jest czułe na wykrytą lokalizację.
- 18Sposób według któregokolwiek z zastrz. 11-17, dalej obejmujący wykrywanie przeszkody i dostarczanie wskazania przeszkody i/lub zmianę toru systemu przenoszenia. Sporządziła i zweryfikowała Grażyna Palka Rzecznik patentowy Figura 1 Figura 2 Figura 3 Figura 4 Figura 5 Figura 6 Figura 7 Figura 8 Figura 9 Figura 10 Pas startowy 262 Figura 11 Figura 12 300 Figura 13 400 Figura 14 Figura 15 500 Figura 16 Figura 17 Figura 18 600 Figura 19
Independent claims18
181 paragraphs, as filed
[0001] The invention relates to systems and methods for transferring aircraft.
Background of the invention [0002] At modern airports, the terminal is relatively far from the runways. Airplanes use jet engines to move from the terminal to the runway (this operation is also known as taxiing) and to move from the runway to the terminal (this operation is also known as taxiing).
[0003] These jet engines are very loud, cause a safety hazard, burn large amounts of fuel and cause significant air pollution, emissions of large amounts of CO2.
[0004] The taxiing delay is the largest delay of all aviation movements, the average delay in taxiing in minutes per flight is about a two-fold rise in airborne delay. Although the aircraft burns about 5 times faster when it is in the air, the costs of crew and equipment make the expenses for taxiing an aircraft account for 2/3 of the expenditure for flying in the air. Consequently, the cost of delayed taxiing exceeds the cost of delaying flying up by about 1/3, totaling over $ 1 billion a year. The automated ground-controlled tower traffic will significantly save on taxi delays, which give you a significant annual cost. This will increase the savings on fuel burned during taxiing by tow tractors and robots.
[0005] Jet fuel is one of the two largest airline operating expenses (the other is labor cost), representing 25-30% of the typical annual operating cost of the airline. Therefore, saving on fuel consumption is one of the main aspirations of all airlines today. Jet fuel prices increased from less than $ 1 / gallon in 2001 to $ 2 / gallon in 2006. and is expected to reach $ 2.5 / gallon or more by 2010, making it a critical issue for the aviation industry.
[0006] During taxiing, normal aviation fuel consumption is about 3,200 pounds per hour (9.0 gallons per minute). Today, the normal withdrawal time is 30 minutes and is steadily rising as air traffic increases worldwide. On average, the back-up time is typically 3 times longer than the back-up time. Therefore, a minimum of 40 minutes taxiing time plus taxiing time burns 360 gallons of fuel at the airport per flight and this number is increasing.
[0007] Air pollution at airports has become a major and significant threat and continues to increase due to the increase in global air traffic. Gas emissions in a jet engine are about 8 kg CO2 per gallon. During a typical 40-minute taxiing and taxiing time, the aircraft emits a critical value of 2.9 tons of CO2.
[0008] By 2010, more than 1 billion air travels or around 1 million flights a year are foreseen, only in the US, excluding global air traffic. For each
100 gallons of fuel saved during taxiing per flight is about $ 3.0 billion on fuel and 12 million tonnes of CO2 emissions in the US.
[0009] A typical busy airport has over 1,000 departures per day or about 400,000 flights per year. Every 100 gallons of fuel saved per flight translates into 40 million gallons of fuel saved annually per airport or $ 80 million in annual fuel savings per airport (today $ 2 / gallon), with much higher real savings).
[0010] To reduce the use of jet engines, various aircraft towing systems are provided. Some are set out in the following patents and patent applications, incorporated herein by reference: US Patent 6305484 Leblanc; U.S. Patent 5,219,033 Pollner et al .; U.S. Patent 5,314,287 Wichert; U.S. Patent 5,860,785 Eberspacher; U.S. Patent 6,283,696 Trumer et al .; U.S. Patent 6,352,130 Klein et al .; U.S. Patent 6,543,790 Johnson; U.S. Patent 6,675,920 Diez et al .; US Patent Application Publication, Serial Number 2006/0056949 Eckert; US Patent Application Publication, Serial Number 2003/095854 Abel; US Patent Application Publication, Serial Number 2005/196256 Rodenkirch et al .; European Patent 649787 Michelson et al .; PCT patent application publication, serial number WO / 04028903A1 Maggiori; PCT patent application publication, serial number WO04114252 Gentile; US Patent Application Publication, Serial Number US20022173904 Dow; U.S. Patent 2,956,750 Horan et al .; European Patent 235845 Versteg; European Patent Application 1634808 Eckert and French Patent 2675919 Pelegrin.
[0011] There is a need to provide an efficient aircraft transfer method and system.
Summary of the Invention [0012] According to an embodiment of the invention, an unmanned airplane transfer system is provided. The system includes a transfer module, comprising at least one engine and adapted to carry the airplane, and a control device mounted on the transfer system and coupled to the transfer module. The control device is adapted i) to receive the transfer signal which is responsible for one or more commands transmitted by the airplane control element and ii) to control the transfer module in response to the transfer signal, said commands being able to control the aircraft and / or parts thereof.
[0013] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the conveying system may further comprise a landing gear holder adapted to firmly grip the landing gear of the aircraft.
The chassis mount is pivotally coupled to a structural element of the unmanned transmission system; wherein the control of the transfer module in response to the transfer signal is adapted to respond to movement of the chassis handle, caused by control, resulting from at least one control command provided by the airplane control element.
[0014] According to another embodiment of the invention, the transfer system may further comprise one or more movable elements coupling the transfer module to the structural element. Further, the transfer system may comprise one or more shock absorbers, the structural element being coupled to the transfer module via said shock absorbers connected to the movable elements.
[0015] According to another embodiment of the invention, the at least one command may be adapted to control the speed and / or acceleration of the transfer system.
[0016] According to another embodiment of the invention, the transfer system may include a sensor adapted to sense the movement of the aircraft landing gear caused by control control and in response to providing the transfer signal to the control device.
[0017] According to another embodiment of the invention, the control device may be adapted to receive slip control signals and speed control signals and in response to control of the transfer module, the transfer system being adapted to maintain alignment between the unmanned airplane transfer system and the aircraft during rotational movements plane.
[0018] According to another embodiment of the invention, the transfer module may comprise a plurality of independently controlled wheels.
[0019] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the transfer system may further comprise an audio interface adapted to receive modulated signals typical of one or more commands provided by the airplane control element and in response to providing the transfer signal to the control device.
[0020] According to another embodiment of the invention, the transfer system may further comprise location sensors coupled to the control device, the control device being further adapted to allow control of the aircraft transfer module in response to the location of the system.
[0021] According to another embodiment of the invention, a method of transferring an airplane is provided. The method includes:
[0022] a) receiving a transfer signal, sensitive to one or more commands provided by the airplane control element, and [0023] b) in response to the transfer signal, transferring the aircraft by an unmanned airplane transfer system that includes at least one engine, [0024] with the aforementioned commands, by definition, are able to control the aircraft and / or its parts.
[0025] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the transfer signal may respond to the movement of the chassis mount caused by the control, the movement resulting from at least one control command provided by the airplane control element;
the landing gear handle firmly grips the aircraft landing gear and is pivotally coupled to a structural element of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0026] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the method may further comprise suppressing the energy resulting from the rapid change of aircraft speed.
[0027] According to another embodiment of the invention, the at least one command may be adapted to control the speed and / or acceleration of the transfer system.
[0028] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the method may include sensing the movement of the aircraft landing gear due to control and in response providing a transfer signal.
[0029] According to another embodiment of the invention, the transfer signal may respond to perceived motion induced by the control and one or more speed control commands, and the transfer of the aircraft may be ensured by the use of a slip turn and maintaining alignment between the unmanned airplane transfer system and the aircraft during rotational movements of the aircraft.
[0030] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the method may further comprise determining the location of the aircraft, the aircraft reacting to a sensed location.
[0031] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the method may further comprise detecting an obstacle and providing indication of the obstacle and / or changing the path of the transfer system.
Brief Description of the Drawings [0032] The following detailed description of the invention will be clearer and easier to understand in combination with the drawings in which:
[0033] Figures 1 and 2 show an aircraft that is carried by an unmanned airplane transfer system, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0034] Figure 3 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0035] Figure 4 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0036] Figure 5 shows the lower chassis and a plurality of springs and disks;
[0037] Figures 6-9 show unmanned airplane transfer systems according to various embodiments of the invention;
[0038] Figure 10 shows the chassis and unmanned airplane transfer system, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention;
[0039] Figures 11 and 12 show a variety of aircraft and a number of unmanned airplane transfer systems within an airport, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0040] Figure 13 is a block diagram of a method of transferring an aircraft, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0041] Figure 14 shows a method of controlling multiple unmanned airplane transfer systems, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0042] Figure 15 shows a method of transferring an airplane according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0043] Figures 16 and 17 show an unmanned airplane transfer system, according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0044] Figure 18 shows a method of transferring an airplane according to an embodiment of the invention;
[0045] Figure 19 shows a chassis mount, according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the drawings [0046] According to an embodiment of the invention, an unmanned airplane transfer system is provided. The system is controlled by one or more airplane controls (such as joystick, throttle, pedal, steering wheel) and the aircraft is moved in response to control commands. The airplane control may affect the air or ground movement of the airplane, especially when the airplane can move independently.
[0047] Advantageously, the virtual or physical movement of one or more aircraft transfer control elements, such as a joystick, which is used to control the air speed or ground speed of the aircraft can be tracked. It is noted that tracking can be done by electro-optical components, by electrical components, by adding an observation device on the control panel, within the control panel, in connection with one of the aircraft computers and the like.
[0048] Preferably an unmanned airplane transfer system is provided. The system includes a transfer module adapted to carry an airplane, and a control device connected to the transfer module adapted to receive a transfer signal sensitive to movement of the airplane control element and in response controlling the transfer module.
[0049] Preferably the system is adapted to sense the movement of the airplane control element.
[0050] Preferably, the control commands are sensed by a sensor adapted to sense chassis movements caused by the control.
[0051] The pilot can control the ground movement of the aircraft, using one or more airplane transfer control elements. Controls may include sending control commands (which dictate the direction of the aircraft) and speed related commands (which dictate the speed of the aircraft).
[0052] Preferably, the transfer of the aircraft is controlled in response to the mechanical movements of the aircraft or its landing gear. Control commands can be detected by monitoring chassis rotation around its own axis. The system and method receive commands from the cockpit to change the speed of the aircraft and in response can change the speed of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0053] Preferably the landing gear includes a locking pin which, when attached to the landing gear, allows the landing gear to be rotated by means of an unmanned airplane transfer system. This pin is removed when the aircraft is about to take off. The pin can be removed during the last pre-flight check, which is also known as the "last minute" check in the last check area. This area of the last control may also include how the extinguishing agent is used and the like. It is noted that the pilot can start the jet engines before the last control area and while the locking pin is still stuck in the chassis.
[0054] According to an embodiment of the invention, the unmanned airplane transport system uses a slip turn and preferably also places the landing gear in the geometric center of the unmanned airplane transfer system. Accordingly, the unmanned airplane transfer system wheels are attached without controls, but their speed and optional rotation direction can be controlled independently of the wheels on the other side of the system. Preferably the chassis can be rotated along its axis using a slip turn. Preferably, the unmanned airplane transfer system is aligned with the landing gear during rotational movements of the landing gear.
[0055] Advantageously, the pilot can use the same control control unit when being carried by the unmanned airplane transfer system and when the airplane is independently traveling on the ground by means of its jet engines, as in regular taxiing. According to another embodiment, the pilot can use the pilot joystick to control and change speed. According to another embodiment of the invention, the same control control unit is used to send commands to the unmanned airplane transfer system and while the airplane is traveling alone on the ground. In both of these alternative embodiments, commands can be sent to the unmanned airplane transfer system electronically, wirelessly and similarly.
[0056] According to an embodiment of the invention, the speed of the unmanned airplane transfer system is controlled by a pilot. Control can be carried out by using the dedicated control knob, handle, stick or device.
[0057] Preferably the unmanned airplane transfer system is fully automated. The unmanned airplane transfer system can also be manually controlled. Additionally or alternatively, the unmanned airplane transfer system can be controlled remotely. The central control system can control many unmanned airplane transfer systems. The central control system can optimize the process of taxiing and taxiing many aircraft.
[0058] The aircraft transfer system is computer controlled and commanded from a central control system. The central control system can track the locations of many aircraft transfer systems and provide visual indications to the operator. This visual and detailed presentation of the taxi-in and taxi-out process will replace the voice control of the taxi-in and taxi-out process of the prior art.
[0059] Preferably, the transfer process is completely controlled by the pilot of the aircraft, and the unmanned airplane transfer system can transfer the aircraft in a similar manner as the aircraft was moved in the absence of the system.
[0060] Preferably, the pilot may use a combination of control operations to send commands to the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0061] According to another embodiment of the invention, the taxiing and unrolling process can be fully automated and does not require any pilot intervention. Full automation includes controlling one or more unmanned airplane transfer systems through a central control system that wirelessly communicates with many unmanned airplane transfer systems.
[0062] The central control system can increase the safety of ground movement, man-controlled and automatically vehicles that are located at the airport and the like. A central control system can prevent conflicts among moving units within the airport: pedestrians, human-controlled vehicles, automated vehicles and aircraft. The central control system can also control obstacle detection and avoidance operations, coordinate the movement control of aircraft, other vehicles and personnel etc.
[0063] According to another embodiment of the invention, the unmanned airplane transfer system and / or central control system may have collision avoidance capabilities. A central control system can prevent collisions by monitoring the distance between adjacent aircraft and maintaining a predetermined distance between aircraft. The unmanned airplane transfer system can prevent collisions by sensing the distance of the aircraft from other objects. If the object is too close, the unmanned airplane transfer system can provide an audio / visual indication and / or can change the airplane transfer accordingly.
[0064] Preferably, the unmanned airplane transfer system supports the bow chassis. The unmanned airplane transfer system can use any prior art method to support the bow landing gear. For example, it may have an inclined surface on which one or more chassis wheels can slide.
[0065] At least the rotation of the unmanned airplane transfer system is controlled by a normal control system that is used by the pilot when the airplane moved on the ground without being connected to the unmanned airplane transfer system. On some aircraft, the control system includes a steering wheel and brake pedals. In other aircraft, the navigation system includes a pair of pedals that are used to control the rotation and speed of the aircraft.
[0066] It is noted that different wheels can be used to control, transfer or combinations thereof.
[0067] Preferably, when the unmanned airplane transfer system supports the bow chassis, the airplane is carried on the tail chassis and unmanned airplane transfer system. The airplane transfer system can use a slip turn, so it can rotate around its axis with a substantially zero turning radius.
[0068] Preferably, the control of the unmanned airplane transfer system (ATS) in response to movements (real or virtual) of the airplane control element does not require the addition of dedicated control panels or dedicated displays.
[0069] Figures 1 and 2 show an airplane 10 that is carried by an unmanned airplane transfer system 100, according to an embodiment of the invention. In Figure 1, the longitudinal axis of the aircraft is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the unmanned airplane transfer system, while in figure 2 these two axes are not parallel to each other, as the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 begins to rotate clockwise.
[0070] Figure 1 shows an aircraft 10 which has two tail chassis 12 and 14 that are positioned below respective aircraft wings 10. The unmanned airplane transfer system 100 also includes a landing gear 20. The center of gravity 16 of aircraft 10 is located between the three landing gears 12, 14 and 20.
[0071] Figure 2 shows aircraft 10 and unmanned airplane transfer system 100 in rotation mode. The dashed line represents the "virtual truck", with the rear wheel of the aircraft being the rear wheels of the "vehicle" and the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 is the front wheel of the "vehicle", steering, speed change, braking and power systems.
[0072] Figure 3 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system 100 according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0073] The unmanned airplane transfer system 100 includes six wheels 110 (1) -110 (6), engine 130, control device 160 and chassis sensing and braking units 142 and 146, and stops 144 and 148. The transfer module of the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 includes wheels 110 (1) -110 (6), engine 130 and all mechanical gearboxes, used to rotate the wheels in any direction.
[0074] Chassis sensing and braking units 142 and 146 include sensors 142 (1) and 146 (1) that are able to detect mechanical rotational movements of the chassis and also include stops 142-148 that prevent the chassis from moving outside of relatively minor movements.
[0075] These mechanical movements occur at least partially in response to pilot-control commands. Therefore, if the pilot wants to turn the aircraft to the right, he can turn the steering wheel to the right and the landing gear turns slightly to the right. Sensors 142 (1) - 146 (1) will sense this gentle movement and indicate to control 160 that the aircraft should be turned clockwise. Preferably, the aircraft speed changes are controlled by a pilot.
[0076] According to another embodiment, the system 100 also includes sensors for sensing a change in aircraft speed, such that when the pilot depresses the brakes, at least the tail chassis brakes 12 and 14 operate to release the aircraft. This release can be detected by the accelerometer or can be detected by a sensor (not shown) which is positioned between the bow chassis and the tail chassis.
[0077] It is noted that a unique combination of control commands (e.g., rotation sequence and / or brake application) may mean transfer commands. For example, the first control command may indicate the need to speed up the towing process. Acceleration can continue for a predetermined period or until another system detects the 100. For example, if the pilot realizes that the system 100 is about to pass the landing lane, he may issue an acceleration command to the system 100 (performing a unique sequence of control commands), and the system 100 in turn may speed up the transfer process.
[0078] It is noted that the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 may utilize a variety of omnidirectional control techniques and may include different types of wheels, including a fixed standard wheel, a controlled standard wheel, a castor, a Stanford wheel (Swedish) and the like, a wheel intelligent (developed by Center for Self-Organizing and Intelligent Systems at the University of Utah) and the like. It is further noted that the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 may also comprise one or more tracks or a combination of one or more tracks and one or more wheels. The wheel and track combination is shown in U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 2006/0056949 Eckert, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0079] Preferably, at least two wheels from wheels 110 (1) -110 (6) can rotate independently of each other. According to another embodiment of the invention, the rotational speed of one wheel may differ from that of another wheel. Slippage, for example, involves the wheels turning on one side of the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 at a speed that differs from the wheel speed on the other side of the unmanned airplane transfer system 100.
[0080] It is further noted that the number of wheels may be other than six. For example, the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 may include four wheels. The number of wheels usually corresponds to the weight of the aircraft to be towed.
[0081] Preferably, when the aircraft is towed in a straight line, the transfer module rotates the wheels 110 (1) -110 (6) at a constant speed. Accordingly, the aircraft is constantly towed (towed) in a manner that resembles the slow and continuous movement of the aircraft 10 when it is carried by idle jet engines.
[0082] It is further noted that although Figure 1 shows a single engine 130, but this is not necessarily so, the engine can be allocated to a wheel or group of wheels. The engine (or motors) can be connected to the wheels in various ways. For example, the unmanned airplane transfer system may include at least one of the following: (i) a diesel engine for providing hydraulic power that drives a hydraulic motor on wheels via a valve assembly; (ii) a diesel engine supplying an electric generator and a battery that drives the electric motors that rotate the wheels; (iii) a diesel engine that powers a hydraulic pump and also powers an electric generator, driving a combination of hydraulic motors and electric motors; (iv) an electric motor adapted to receive electrical power from rails on the surface of the airport; (v) fuel cells that drive electric motors.
[0083] Preferably, the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 includes a navigation unit 180 that allows navigation at the airport of the unmanned airplane transfer system 100. This navigation capability may be useful after the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 has finished unraveling the aircraft. Then he can head for another aircraft or waiting point from which he will head towards the next aircraft to be towed. The navigation unit 180 may be connected to the control device 160 or it may be part of the control device 160. It should contain at least one location sensor and a memory unit which stores airport information.
[0084] The navigation unit 180 allows you to navigate the aircraft transfer system in a fully automated way, in a semi-automatic way (allows remote control when an unexpected event occurs, such as the presence of an obstacle) or a completely remote controlled method. Remote control can be used with the control device of the central control unit.
[0085] It is noted that the aircraft can raise its landing gear on the unmanned airplane transfer system by placing the unmanned airplane transfer system in a certain location and while the unmanned airplane transfer system is stationary, the pilot navigates the landing gear with the beak on the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0086] Figure 4 shows the rotation of the four-wheeled unmanned airplane transfer system 101 about its axis, rotating different wheels 111 (1) -111 (4) in different directions while the wheels are parallel to each other. The pilot requests the aircraft to turn left (counterclockwise) and in response the wheels 111 (2) and 111 (4) on the left are turned clockwise, while the wheels 111 (1) and 111 (3) on the right pages are rotated counterclockwise.
[0087] It is noted that each sensor of the sensors 142 (1) -148 (1) can detect the movement of the spring that is connected to the disc that is in contact with the chassis. Springs or the like can be connected to the other side of the frame. The frame and at least one disc and spring can be raised or lowered when the landing gear enters the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0088] Figure 5 shows the lower chassis 20 and a plurality of springs and disks, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0089] The rigid frame 141 surrounds the springs and discs and prevents the chassis 20 from moving beyond predetermined limits. Frame 141 can be raised or raised when placing the chassis on an unmanned airplane transfer system 100. Frame 141 may also include detachable frame components that can be pushed together when the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 tow the aircraft 10.
[0090] Sensors detect the movement of springs, or the like (such as springs 152 and 154) that are connected to discs (such as discs 156 and 158) that contact the chassis. The chassis 20 is shown with two wheels, but the number of wheels supported by the unmanned airplane transfer system can be other than two.
For example, if the pilot wants to turn right, the chassis 20 will gently turn clockwise and at least many springs from springs 152-154, or the like, will move accordingly.
Figure 6 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system 102, according to an embodiment of the invention.
The unmanned airplane transfer system 102 includes four wheels 112 (0) -112 (4). The rear wheels 112 (3) and 112 (4) determine the theoretical rear axle, while the front wheels 112 (1) and 112 (2) determine the theoretical front axle. Chassis 20 is positioned in the geometrical center of the unmanned airplane transfer system 102 as determined by the front and rear axles and by the theoretical longitudinal symmetry axis which is parallel to the wheels.
Figure 7 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system 103 according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0091] Unmanned airplane transfer system 102 includes four wheels 113 (1) -113 (4). The rear wheels 113 (3) and 113 (4) are aligned with the chassis wheels 20. The front wheels 113 (1) and 113 (2) are castors that can be used for steering, while the rear wheels are used for towing but this is not necessarily the case.
[0092] Figure 8 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system 104, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0093] Unmanned airplane transfer system 104 includes four wheels 114 (1) -114 (4), control device 160 and transceiver 165. Transceiver 165 is adapted to receive commands via a wireless medium. These commands are sent to the control device 160, which in turn can control the unmanned airplane transfer system 104 in response to these commands. It is noted that the unmanned airplane transfer system 104 can operate in a variety of modes: pilot-controlled mode, remote-controlled mode and hybrid mode, in which various commands can be delivered remotely, while other commands are sensed by at least one sensing unit and braking chassis, as well as manual (local) operator drive.
[0094] It is noted that the unmanned airplane transfer system can also be controlled by short range remote control transmissions, by using a laptop computer and the like.
[0095] Preferably, the unmanned airplane transfer system 104 included optional position sensors, such as but not limited to GPS-based sensors, which allow determining the location of the system. The location of the system 104 may affect system movements. For example, if the system is to cross the landing lane, then the system 104 may speed up the transfer process. Acceleration may include raising speed to a predetermined speed and decreasing speed when the aircraft passes the landing lane. Landing lane locations can be forwarded to system 104 in advance. According to another embodiment of the invention, the speed is only controlled by the pilot.
[0096] Preferably, the unmanned airplane transfer system 104 includes an optional obstacle unit 118 adapted to detect and / or avoid obstacles.
[0097] The obstacle unit 118 may include one or more obstacle sensors, such as a laser scanner, radar, camera, acoustic sensor, or a combination thereof. The obstacle sensor may scan the area in front of aircraft 10 or particularly in front of unmanned airplane transfer system 104 to detect obstacles. If an obstacle is detected, the unmanned airplane transfer system 104 is stopped by the pilot or can change the path of the towed aircraft, provide audio / visual indication (including siren activation), sending an indication to the central control system and the like.
[0098] According to an embodiment of the invention, when an obstacle is detected, the central control system is informed and the aircraft transfer system can confirm the change of path or request that the pilot decide whether to change the path. Track change can be controlled by a pilot through a central control system and optionally by an airplane transfer system.
[0099] Figure 9 shows an unmanned airplane transfer system 105, according to various embodiments of the invention.
[0100] The unmanned airplane transfer system 105 includes four wheels 115 (1) -115 (4), control device 160, transceiver 165 and manual control interface 167. The manual control interface 167 may allow the operator to manually operate an unmanned airplane transfer system 105. It may include a steering wheel, pedal and the like.
[0101] It is noted that the unmanned airplane transfer system can include both transceiver and manual control interface, and that such a system can operate in a variety of operating modes.
[0102] Figure 10 shows the unmanned airplane transfer system 100 and the landing gear 20 according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0103] The unmanned airplane transfer system 100 is adapted to receive modulated signals typical of control commands over an audio connection. These modulated signals are generated in response to pilot control attempts and pilot speed control of the aircraft.
[0104] Preferably the audio connection is used to transmit audio commands from the remote control. The unmanned airplane transfer system 105 may use voice sensing techniques to detect these audio commands. When a command is detected, the unmanned airplane transfer system can operate according to the command.
[0105] It is noted that the reception of audio commands or modulated signals typical of control commands can replace sensing of mechanical movements, but can also be used in addition to sensing mechanical movements of the chassis.
[0106] According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the connection to the audio plug can be made by an operator.
[0107] Typically, such audio output interfaces are found in aircraft that were towed by unmanned towing vehicles.
[0108] It is noted that the connection to the audio output interface can be made automatically by using a camera and using image detection to direct the interface of the unmanned airplane transfer system towards the chassis audio output interface.
[0109] Figure 10 shows a camera 191, terminal 192, a slide-in audio plug 193 and a slide 194 of the slide-out audio shield that are connected to the movable arm 195. The movable arm can raise the camera 191 to the height of the chassis 20 audio output interface 21, allow the chassis 20 to be held by the extendable clamp 194, allow the extendable audio cover lifter to raise the cover that protects the audio output interface 21, and then allow the slide 193 audio plug to connect the 21 output interface audio.
[0110] Advantageously, the movable arm 195 can be used to remove the stud chassis wheel locking pin according to the operating mode of the transfer system and according to the towing phase.
[0111] Figure 11 illustrates many aircraft 10 (1) -10 (8) and many unmanned airplane 100 (1) -100 (10) transfer systems according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0112] Many aircraft 10 (1) -10 (11) and many aircraft 100 (1) -100 (10) transfer systems are located at airport 200.
[0113] Airport 200 has a terminal 210, runway 262, control area 261, track 266 unmanned airplane transfer system 266 and taxi area 264.
[0114] Preferably, the "last minute" check is carried out in the control area 261 by an operator who checks that the aircraft are not leaking, can extinguish the fire, can remove the locking pin that allows the chassis to rotate and the like. The aircraft may fire its jet engines in control area 261 or before reaching that area. For example, aircraft 10 (2), 10 (3) and even 10 (4) can start their engines. The unmanned airplane transfer system can disconnect from the aircraft before reaching control area 261.
[0115] In addition, Figure 12 shows a central control system 250 that is able to communicate with and control the movements of the aircraft 100 (1) -100 (10) systems.
[0116] The aircraft 10 (1) is placed in the engine start and control area 216 after being disconnected from the unmanned airplane transfer system that towed it from terminal 210. Unmanned airplane transfer systems such as 100 (9), 100 (10) systems and 100 (1) that have completed their task return to terminal 210 of track 266 unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0117] Airplanes 10 (2) -10 (8) are towed in taxi area 268 by unmanned 100 (2) -100 (8) aircraft. Aircraft 10 (5) are waiting at terminal 210 for towing by an unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0118] Preferably the airplane stops before the unmanned airplane transfer system is detached from it. After towing, the unmanned airplane transfer system can head towards the terminal. Navigation and towing can be at least partly controlled by central control system 250, but this is not necessarily the case.
[0119] According to an embodiment of the invention, the central control system 250 is a C command<sup>4</sup> and control system. It is served by the airport taxi supervision / ground control operator. Central control system 250 can control multiple aircraft transfer systems. It can switch to manual control, manually controlled automatic aircraft transfer systems, it can switch to manual control, the control mechanism upon detection of aircraft movements and the like. It can optimize the movements of manually controlled aircraft transfer systems, either during towing operations or during transfer between positions without aircraft. The central control system 250 can be integrated with the airport air traffic control system.
[0120] Central control system 250 can track the location of various aircraft transfer systems (by receiving location information from aircraft transfer systems, from aircraft, from other location sensors) and displays to the control device the location of various aircraft, the aircraft transfer system, and thus significantly reduced errors people in the process of taxiing and unrolling. Preferably, the central control system also receives location information (either directly or through another control system) of various vehicles that are present at the airport, especially near runways and in the taxiing and unrolling areas, and can provide the control device with a general visual representation of the airport and various units at the airport. Central control system 250 can prevent accidents when taxiing aircraft, control device errors and misunderstandings when taxiing and the like.
[0121] Central control system 250 includes: (i) at least one relay (such as relay 252) adapted to transmit control commands to a plurality of unmanned airplane transfer vehicles. (ii) At least one receiver (such as a 254 receiver) adapted to receive location information from a number of unmanned airplane transfer vehicles. (iii) At least one display (such as a 256 display) for displaying the location of many aircraft and many unmanned airplane transfer vehicles. (iv) At least one interface (such as interface 258), adapted to receive commands from the operator in operational mode, adapted to specify the control mode of at least one unmanned airplane transfer system. The interface may include a keyboard, mouse and the like, connected to a computer that in turn controls the 256 display.
[0122] Preferably the central control system 250 is adapted to receive an obstacle indication from the unmanned airplane transfer system and to selectively confirm a change in the path of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0123] Preferably the central control system 250 is adapted to receive an obstacle indication from the unmanned airplane transfer system and to control the change of path of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0124] Preferably, the central control system 250 is adapted to receive a failure indication from the unmanned airplane transfer system and to selectively confirm the detachment of the unmanned airplane transfer system from the airplane.
[0125] Preferably the central control system 250 is adapted to receive a fault indication from the unmanned airplane transfer system and to control the transfer of the airplane by the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0126] Preferably the central control system 250 is adapted to optimize the distance between multiple airplanes being towed by multiple unmanned airplane transfer systems.
[0127] Preferably, the central control system 250 may control the unmanned airplane transfer system in a first operational mode in which the central control system 250 sends control commands that switch to manual control for control commands that are mechanically detected by the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0128] Figure 12 illustrates many aircraft 10 (1) -10 (5) and multiple aircraft 100 (1) -100 (8) transfer systems according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0129] Many aircraft 10 (1) -10 (5) and many aircraft 100 (1) -100 (8) transfer systems are located at airport 200.
[0130] Airport 200 has a terminal 210, landing lane 212, passenger reception area 218 and unmanned airplane transfer system 214. Central control system 250 is also located at airport 200. Aircraft 10 (5) lands on landing strip 212. The 10 (4) aircraft has previously landed and the 100 (5) unmanned airplane transfer system approaches. Aircraft 10 (3) is towed by an unmanned airplane transfer system 100 (3) towards terminal 210. Aircraft 10 (2) is towed by an unmanned 100 (2) aircraft transfer system towards terminal 210. Aircraft 10 (1) has been towed by an unmanned 100 (1) aircraft transfer system and is attached to terminal 210 at the exit.
[0131] Unmanned airplane transfer systems 100 (6) -100 (8) diverge on track 214 of the unmanned airplane transfer system towards passenger pickup area 218. The unmanned airplane transfer system 100 (4) waits at the reception area 218 for passengers of aircraft 10 (4).
[0132] Preferably, the aircraft stops before being towed to allow the unmanned airplane transfer system to support the chassis. After towing has finished in the engine starting and control area, the unmanned airplane transfer system may be directed toward passenger pickup area 218. This navigation can be controlled by a central control system, but it is not necessarily so.
[0133] Figure 13 shows an airplane transfer method 300, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0134] The method 300 starts with the landing gear receiving step 310 by the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0135] Step 310 is followed by a step 320 detecting by the unmanned airplane transfer system the movements of the aircraft landing gear caused by the control control. With reference to the example shown in Figures 3 and 5, many sensors detect rotational movements of the mechanical transmission, such as rotation, loss of speed and the like.
[0136] Step 320 is followed by a step 330 of transferring the aircraft by an unmanned airplane transfer system, in response to detected landing gear movements due to control control. Referring to the examples shown in figures 1-4 and 9, the aircraft is towed by an unmanned airplane transfer system in response to detected movements.
[0137] Step 330 is followed by a step 340 of detaching the airplane from the unmanned airplane transfer system. Referring to the example shown in figures 11 and 12, after the taxiing and unrolling is completed, the unmanned airplane transfer system can disengage.
[0138] Preferably, the sensing step 320 includes sensing pilot commands to determine the speed of the aircraft, since the transfer is sensitive to speed change commands.
[0139] Preferably, the transfer step 330 is further sensitive to remotely transmitted commands. Referring to the examples of Figures 8, 9 and 12, the unmanned airplane transfer system may include a transceiver for receiving commands and may be remotely controlled by a central control system, although this is not necessarily the case.
[0140] Preferably, the transfer step 330 includes independent control of at least two independently controlled wheels. With reference to the example shown in figures 7 and 4, different wheels can rotate at different speeds, in different directions, and can also be placed in positions that are not parallel to each other.
[0141] Preferably, the method 300 also includes receiving audio commands or modulated signals typical of control commands, wherein the transfer is sensitive to the received audio commands. Referring to the example shown in Figure 10, the unmanned airplane transfer system can receive audio commands from the chassis, detect commands and operate accordingly.
[0142] Preferably, the method 300 also includes determining the location of the aircraft, wherein the transfer is sensitive to the detected location.
[0143] Preferably, the method 300 further includes detecting a failure of the unmanned airplane transfer system and in response detaching the airplane from the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0144] It is noted that when a failure is detected, the unmanned airplane transfer system can allow the central control system to take control. The central control system may choose to unhook the aircraft transfer system, but this is not necessarily the case. It is further noted that unhooking may be sensitive to the type of failure. For example, failures that prevent the unmanned airplane transfer system from being controlled by the central control system may require unhitching without the control system interfering. And yet, according to another embodiment of the invention, the pilot may attempt to control the unmanned airplane transfer system, for example by sending audio commands.
[0145] Preferably the method 300 comprises obstacle detection and the transfer step 330 is sensitive to the detected obstacle.
[0146] Preferably, the method 300 comprises receiving commands from the operator and the transfer step 330 is sensitive to received commands.
[0147] Figure 14 shows a method 400 for controlling multiple unmanned airplane transfer systems, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0148] Method 400 begins with step 410 of receiving location information from a plurality of unmanned airplane transfer systems. Stage 410 is followed by stage 420 of displaying the location of many aircraft and many unmanned airplane transfer vehicles.
[0149] Step 420 is followed by step 430 of receiving from the operator an operational mode command that specifies the operational mode of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0150] Step 430 is followed by step 440 of transmitting the operational mode command to the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0151] Step 440 is followed by a step 450 for sending control commands to the unmanned airplane transfer system if remote-controlled operational mode has been selected. The choice can be made by the operator of the central control system. Step 450 includes sending control commands that switch to manual control control commands that are mechanically sensed by the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0152] The method 400 may also include a step 460 of receiving, through a central control system, obstacle indications from the unmanned airplane transfer system. Stage 460 may be followed by stage 462 of selectively approving the change in the path of the unmanned airplane transfer system. Step 460 may, alternatively or additionally, be followed by step 464 of controlling the change of path of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0153] Method 400 may also include a step 470 of receiving, via a central control system, failure indications from an unmanned airplane transfer system. Step 470 may be followed by step 472 of selectively approving the detachment of the unmanned airplane transfer system from the airplane. Step 470 may also be followed by step 474 of controlling the transfer of an airplane by an unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0154] Method 400 may also include step 480 of optimizing the distance between multiple airplanes being towed by multiple unmanned transfer systems. This optimization may include placing planes close together but at a distance that will not dramatically increase the likelihood of collisions between planes.
[0155] Figure 15 shows an airplane transfer method 500, according to an embodiment.
[0156] The method 500 begins with a step 310 of receiving the landing gear by the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0157] Step 310 is followed by step 520 of receiving a transfer signal sensitive to the movement of the airplane control element. Step 520 may include step 320, but may include, alternatively or additionally, receiving (electrical installation or wirelessly) a transfer signal from the aircraft control element, detecting the motion of the aircraft control element and the like.
[0158] Step 520 is followed by an airplane transfer step 530 through an unmanned airplane transfer system in response to a transfer signal. Step 530 may include step 330, but this is not necessarily the case.
[0159] Step 530 is followed by a step 340 of detaching the airplane from the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0160] Figures 16 and 17 show an unmanned airplane transfer system, according to an embodiment of the invention. Figure 19 shows a chassis mount 78, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0161] Figure 16 is a top view of the system 70 while Figure 17 is a side view of the system.
[0162] System 70 includes a transfer module adapted to carry an aircraft. The transfer module may include wheels (such as wheels 71 (1) -71 (4)), one motor or more (such as engine 73), transmission mechanisms (not shown), control device 72, spring 75, shock absorber 77, handle 78 of the chassis and one or more structural elements such as structural element 79 and sensor 76. It is noted that the structural element may be a chassis, a disc and the like.
[0163] The landing gear handle 78 is adapted to rigidly hold the aircraft landing gear 20. Chassis handle 78 is pivotally coupled (as shown by two curved arrows) to a structural element, such as structural element 79. Control device 72 is connected to the transfer module and is adapted to control the transfer module in response to control-induced movement of the chassis handle.
[0164] The sensor 76 is adapted to sense steering-induced chassis handle movements.
[0165] Preferably the chassis mount 78 is pivotally coupled to the structural element 79, which in turn is connected to another structural element of the system 70, the other structural element may be part of the transfer module, but this is not necessarily the case.
[0166] Preferably the chassis mount 78 comprises a first pair of arms 78 (1) and 78 (2) that can move forward and backward and two rods 78 (3) and 78 (4) that are pivotally connected to the end of the arms 78 (1) and 78 (2) and rotate so that they practically close (or substantially close) the space defined between arms 78 (1) and 78 (2).
[0167] Preferably the structural element 79 is connected to a shock absorber 75 and a spring 77 which absorb shock and also generally restore the structural element to its pre-shock state.
[0168] Figure 18 shows an airplane transfer method 600 according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0169] The method 600 begins with a step 610 of receiving a transfer signal sensitive to the control of the chassis handle caused by the control. The landing gear handle firmly grips the aircraft landing gear and is pivotally coupled to a structural element of the unmanned airplane transfer system.
[0170] Step 610 includes detecting steering induced chassis movement. It is noted that the movement of the chassis handle caused by the steering is sensitive to the movement of the chassis caused by the steering. As the landing gear handle firmly grips the landing gear and is pivotally coupled to other parts of the aircraft control system, the landing gear handle can detect rotational movements of the landing gear.
[0171] Step 610 is followed by an airplane transfer step 620, through an unmanned airplane transfer system, in response to the transfer signal.
[0172] Step 600 also includes step 630 of suppressing energy resulting from the rapid change of aircraft speed. This can be useful when the aircraft stops and also until the unmanned airplane transfer system stops.
[0173] According to an embodiment of the invention, the condition of the unmanned airplane transfer system can be given to a pilot or to a central control system, or to both. Preferably, the pilot can receive status indications while the airplane is being transferred to the unmanned airplane transfer system and the central control system can receive status indications when the unmanned airplane transfer system is not attached to the aircraft landing gear.
[0174] Variations, modifications, and other embodiments described herein will be understood by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the invention is defined not by the above description of the examples, but by the scope of the following claims.
Prepared and verified
Grażyna Palka Patent Attorney
95 members in 17 offices
Priority claims11
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 52864706 | United States of America | A | |
| 52864706 | United States of America | A | |
| 79877707 | United States of America | A | |
| 79877707 | United States of America | A | |
| 07827146 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 2007001172 | Israel | W | |
| 2007001172 | Israel | W | |
| EP20070827146 | – | – | – |
| US20060528647 | – | – | – |
| US20070798777 | – | – | – |
| WO2007IL01172 | – | – | – |
Members95
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| WO2008038270A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| US2008083851A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2008099600A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2008038270A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| CA2687433A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2887075A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2008139437A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2008139440A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2008139437A4 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A4 | |
| KR20090076930A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| TW200930621A | Taiwan Province of China | A | |
| EP2086837A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| CN101553400A | China | A | |
| HK1128265A | Hong Kong, China | A | |
| HK1128265A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| IL197748A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| WO2008139440A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| EP2152584A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| JP2010504883A | Japan | A | |
| EP2155550A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| KR20100040802A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| US2010096494A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010140392A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
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| IL202081A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| JP2010526726A | Japan | A | |
| CN101918277A | China | A | |
| EP2272759A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP2272760A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
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| US7975959B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
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| EP2272760B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| WO2013042114A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| PT2086837E | Portugal | E | |
| DK2086837T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
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| CN103803096B | China | B | |
| CA2887075C | Canada | C | |
| EP2289804A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| EP2155550A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| BRPI0715266A8 | Brazil | A8 | |
| EP2155550B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| BRPI0810298A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| TR2019005299T4 | Türkiye | T4 | |
| TR201905299T4 | Türkiye | T4 | |
| BRPI0810298B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
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Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2086837
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL2086837T
- Application
- 827146
- Application, DOCDB
- 07827146
- Application, EPODOC
- PL20070827146T
Titles2
- English
- SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING AIRPLANES
- Polish
- System i sposób przenoszenia samolotów
Classification
- CPC, 7
- B64F1/228
- B64F1/227
- B64F1/22
- B64C13/20
- G08G5/57
- G05D1/221
- B64U2201/20
- IPC, 2
- B64F1 22
- G08G5 06