Uplink pilot multiplexing in SU-MIMO and SDMA for SC-FDMA systems

[0001] The following description generally relates to wireless communication, in particular uplink pilot multiplexing.

II. Background of the Invention [0002] Wireless communication systems are widely used to provide various types of communication, for example, voice and / or data can be provided using such wireless communication systems. A typical wireless or network communication system can provide multiple users with access to one or more shared resources. For example, these systems may be multi-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth and transmit power). Examples of such multi-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, systems (3GPP) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) (LTE) (Long Term Evolution) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems.

In general, a wireless multi-access communication system may support simultaneous communication for multiple wireless terminals. Each terminal communicates with one or more base stations via transmission on forward and reverse links. The forward link (i.e. downlink (DL)) refers to the communication link from base stations to terminals, and the reverse link (i.e. uplink (UL)) refers to the communication link from terminals to base stations. Such communication links can be established using a single-in-single-out system, multiple-in-single-out, multiple-in-multiple (MIMO) --input multiple-output).

[0004] The MIMO system uses multiple (NT) transmit antennas and multiple (NR) receive antennas for data transmission. The MIMO channel formed by NT transmit antennas and NR receive antennas can be spread over NS independent channels, which are also referred to as spatial channels, where N_S <min {N_T, N_R}. Each of N_S independent channels correspond to the dimension. The MIMO system can provide better performance (e.g., higher throughput and / or greater reliability) if additional dimensions created by multiple transmit and receive antennas are used.

[0005] The MIMO system can support Time Division Duplex (Time Division Duplex) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems. In the TDD system, the forward and reverse link transmissions are in the same frequency area, so that reciprocity allows the uplink channel to be estimated from the reverse link channel. This enables the access point to extract the beamforming gain

- a forward link when multiple antennas are available at the access point. In addition, the MIMO system can support one or more users with multiple transmit and / or receive antennas (e.g., single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) - or multiple users separated spaces to support multi-access spatial division ( SDMA) (spacedivision multiple Access) or multiple MIMO users (MUMIMO) - (multiple-user MIMO). The publication 3GPP "Channeldependent packet scheduling for Single-Carrier FDMA in evolved UTRA Uplink" TSG-RAN WG1 # 43, NTT DOCOMO, refers to such a system in which dynamic pilot bandwidth is proposed to increase bandwidth.

[0006] One problem with SDMA or SU-MIMO is that when multiple wireless terminals or multiple streams from a single wireless terminal are multiplexed on the same bandwidth allocation in SDMA or SU-MIMO, respectively, the structure of the respective signals references, for example, the pilot channel (PICH) - (pilot channel), should be orthogonal to each other to improve channel estimation and interference suppression of other wireless terminals using a minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver. It is also desirable that a low Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) is maintained by maintaining a single carrier waveform on the pilot channel to achieve the correct wireless transmit power efficiency. This is especially important for improving the performance of the mobile device battery.

[0007] For example, in single-carrier communication systems, pilot symbols are transmitted in addition to

Data symbols to provide a reference to the receiver to estimate the channel status and properly demodulate the received signal. Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) techniques provide the benefits of conventional OFDMA techniques in which the SCFDMA signal has a lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) ) due to its internal single-carrier structure. As a result, SCFDMA is particularly attractive for use in reverse link communication, where a lower PAPR has a significant positive effect on the wireless terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency.

[0008] However, traditional uplink pilot allocation schemes elicit fixed or symmetrical pilot structures that inflexiblely allocate pilot bandwidths. As a result, adaptive pilot structures that maintain single carrier structures while retaining the benefits of orthogonality of the pilot signal are desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0009] The following is a simplified essence of the invention for one or more embodiments to provide basic knowledge regarding such embodiments. This essence of the invention is not a comprehensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all embodiments, nor define the scope of any or all embodiments. Its only purpose is to present some concepts of one or more examples

- 6 simplified versions, as an introduction to a more detailed description, which is presented later. [0010] According to one or more embodiments and their respective representation, various aspects are described in connection with facilitating adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing. In various embodiments, the uplink pilot signals can be adaptively multiplexed as a predetermined function of uplink pilot signal information (e.g., a number of active streams to be multiplexed).

[0011] In accordance with related aspects, a method is described herein that facilitates pilot multiplexing. The method may include determining uplink pilot channel information at the base station. In addition, the method may include transmitting uplink pilot channel information to one or more wireless terminals to facilitate uplink pilot multiplexing by changing pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block over time according to a predetermined function uplink pilot channel information. The method may further include receiving and demultiplexing the multiplexed uplink pilots in accordance with the predetermined function.

[0012] In a related embodiment of the invention, the pilot multiplexing method may include receiving uplink pilot channel information from the base station. For example, uplink pilot channel information may include a number of one or more active streams to be multiplexed, a number of available resource blocks

-7 and / or the pilot position frequency output position, any combination thereof, and the like. In addition, the method may include multiplexing uplink pilots by changing the pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block over time in the wireless terminal according to a predetermined function of uplink pilot channel information and transmitting multiplexed pilot signals.

[0013] Another embodiment of the invention relates to communication equipment. The communication equipment may include a memory that stores instructions for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel information, receiving adaptively multiplexed pilot signals, and demultiplexing the received pilot signals in accordance with a predetermined function of uplink pilot channel information. In addition, the communication equipment may include a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute instructions stored in the memory.

[0014] Yet another embodiment of the invention relates to communication equipment. The communication equipment may include memory that stores instructions for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information, adaptive pilot multiplexing through cyclically changed pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block based on uplink pilot channel information, and adaptively multiplexed transmission pilot signals. In addition, the communication equipment may include a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute instructions stored in the memory.

[0015] In a further embodiment of the invention, the communication equipment allows adaptive uplink pilot signal multiplexing. The communication equipment may include means for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information. In addition, the communication equipment may include means for adaptively multiplexing uplink pilots by cyclically changing the pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block depending on the uplink pilot channel information and transmitting multiplexed pilot signals.

[0016] In a related embodiment of the invention, the communication equipment is allowed to adaptively multiplex uplink pilots. The communication equipment may include means for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel information at the base station. In addition, the communication equipment may include means for receiving and demultiplexing the adaptively multiplexed pilot signals. In addition, the communication device may comprise means for multiplexing frequency division of individual pilot signals per active stream in an orthogonal manner per block.

[0017] Yet another embodiment relates to a machine readable medium having machine executable instructions stored therein for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel information, receiving adaptively multiplexed pilot signals, and demultiplexing received pilot signals in accordance with a predetermined function of information about uplink pilot signal channel. In a related embodiment, the machine readable medium

-9 reverse link by pilot signal and stores machine executable instructions for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information, adaptively multiplexing pilot signals by regularly changing pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block based on uplink pilot channel information and by transmitting adaptively multiplexed pilot signals.

[0018] According to another embodiment of the invention, the equipment in the wireless communication system may include a processor, the processor may be configured to receive uplink pilot channel data from the access point. The processor may also be configured to multiplex pilot signals to change the bandwidth of the frequency location channel per block over time in a wireless terminal based on at least uplink pilot channel data. The processor may then be configured to transmit uplink pilots.

[0019] According to a related embodiment of the invention, the equipment in a wireless communication system may include a processor, the processor may be configured to determine uplink pilot channel data at the access point. The processor can also be configured to transmit uplink pilot channel information to one or more wireless terminals to facilitate uplink pilot multiplexing by changing pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block over time based on at least uplink pilot channel data. In accordance with further aspects of the invention, the processor

Can be configured to receive and demultiplex multiplexed uplink pilots according to the function.

[0020] To accomplish the above and related tasks, one or more embodiments include the features fully described and further indicated in particular in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings detail certain illustrative aspects of one or more embodiments. These aspects, however, indicate in several different ways in which the principles of the various embodiments can be applied, and the task of the described embodiments is to cover all such aspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0021] FIG. 1 depicts a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects presented herein.

[0022] FIG. 2 shows a wireless communication system in accordance with further aspects of the present invention.

[0023] FIG. 3A illustrates an example non-limiting high level block diagram for a system that facilitates pilot channel multiplexing in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

[0024] FIG. 3b illustrates a base station receiving signals from a plurality of user equipment, such as uplink pilots, which can be adaptively multiplexed in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

[0025] FIG. 4 depicts an example non-adaptive pilot multiplexing scheme in accordance with various aspects of the present invention.

[0026] FIG. The application shows communication equipment within a wireless communication environment in accordance with various aspects of the invention.

[0027] FIG. 6 depicts one particular high level methodology for adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing in accordance with the various embodiments described herein.

[0028] FIG. 7 depicts another specific high level methodology for adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing in accordance with the various embodiments described herein.

[0029] FIG. 8 implemented in accordance with many cells.

shows an example of a communication system with various aspects including [0030] FIG. 9 depicts a system that may be used in connection with uplink pilot multiplexing with respect to user equipment in accordance with various embodiments.

[0031] FIG. 10 depicts an example non-limiting block diagram of a base station in accordance with various aspects of the invention.

[0032] FIG. 11 shows a system that can be used in connection with uplink pilot channel allocation in accordance with various embodiments.

[0033] FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary wireless terminal (e.g., wireless terminal, mobile device, end node, ...) implemented in accordance with various embodiments.

[0034] FIG. 13 is an example non-limiting block diagram of a communication system including

Multiplexing the uplink pilot signal in accordance with various aspects of the invention.

[0035] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary non-limiting equipment that allows uplink pilot signals multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.

[0036] FIG. 15 depicts an example non-limiting equipment that facilitates adaptive pilot multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0037] Various embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings in which the same reference signs are used to refer to the same elements throughout the description. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be obvious, however, that such embodiments can be used in practice without these specific details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.

[0038] Furthermore, various aspects of the present invention are described below. It should be noted that the following principles may be implemented in various forms and that any particular structures and / or functions described herein are illustrative only. Based on the following principles, one of ordinary skill in the art should note that the aspect described herein can be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects

-13 can be combined in various ways. For example, the equipment can be implemented and / or the method can be used using any number of aspects presented herein. Furthermore, the equipment can be implemented and / or the method can be used using a different structure and / or functionality in addition to one or more aspects presented herein or other than them. As an example, many of the methods, devices, systems and equipment described herein are described in the context of multiplexing uplink pilots in an SC-FDMA communication system. One skilled in the art should understand that similar techniques can be used in other communication environments.

[0039] As used in the application, the terms "component", "module", "system" and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, both computer hardware, firmware, a combination of computer hardware and software, software or software in implementation, firmware, middleware, microcode and / or any combination thereof. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a processor-executing process, processor, object, executable thread, program and / or computer. As an example and not limit, both the application running on the computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components may be included in the process and / or thread of execution, and the component may be located on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can be made of different media that can be read by a computer with different data structures stored on it. Components can communicate for

By local processes and / or remotely, for example, in conjunction with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component is interacting with another component in the local system, distributed system and / or network such like Internet with other systems via signal). In addition, the system components described herein may be rearranged and / or supplemented with additional components to facilitate the achievement of the various aspects, goals, benefits, etc. described in this regard, and are not limited to the specific configurations shown in the following figure, which will understood by a person skilled in the art.

[0040] Furthermore, various embodiments are described herein in connection with a wireless terminal or user equipment (UE). A wireless or UE terminal may also be called a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile telephony station, a mobile telephone, a mobile device, a remote station, a remote terminal, an access terminal, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent or a user device. A wireless terminal or UE may be a cell phone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) telephone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL), a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) - (Personal Digital Assistant), a portable device with wireless connection capability, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. In addition, various embodiments are described in connection with a base station. The base station can be used to communicate with the terminal

- wireless (wireless terminals) and may also be referred to as access point, Node B, or other terminology.

[0041] Furthermore, the various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, equipment or factory product utilizing a programming standard and / or engineering techniques. The term "factory product" as used herein is intended to include a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, medium, or medium. For example, a computer-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, etc.), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD) - , universal video disk (DVD) - (digital versatile disk), etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (for example, EPROM, card, memory, key drive, etc.). In addition, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other media readable by the information storage machine. In addition, it should be noted that the carrier wave may be used to execute computer-readable instructions or data such as those used in transmitting and receiving voicemail, accessing networks, e.g., cellular networks or transmitting commands to a device to perform specific function. Accordingly, the term "machine-readable medium" may include, without being limited to, wireless channels and other media capable of storing, concluding and / or executing instructions and / or data. Of course, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize many modifications that may be made to the present

An embodiment without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as described and claimed herein.

[0042] Furthermore, the word "exemplary" is used herein to mean a pattern, example or illustration. Any aspect or construction described herein as "exemplary" need not necessarily be understood as being preferred or preferred over other aspects or constructions. On the contrary, the use of the example word is intended to present the concept in a particular method. For the purposes of this application, the term "or" is intended to include "or" and not the exclusive "or". This means that, unless otherwise specified or clearly apparent from the context, "X uses A or B" is intended to mean any of the natural permutations inclusive. This means that if X uses A; X uses B; or X uses both A and B, then 'X uses A or B' is met in any of the above cases. In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" used in the original English text of the description and the appended claims should in principle be understood as meaning "one or more numbers", unless otherwise specified or clearly indicated by the context that they relate to form singular.

[0043] The term "inference" or "inference" as used herein generally refers to the process of reasoning about or inferring about the states of a system, environment and / or user from a set of observations as captured by events and / or data. Inference can be used to identify a specific context or activity, or it can generate, for example, a probability distribution for states. Inference can be probabilistic, i.e. the calculation of the probability distribution for the considered states based on consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques

-17 used to compose higher-level events from the set of events and / or data. Such inference, as a result, results in the creation of new events or actions from the set of observed events and / or stored event data, whether the events are correlated close to the time distance or not, and whether the events and data come from one or several events and data sources.

[0044] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless communication networks such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, and Split Multiple Access networks Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (Multi-Access Networks with Orthogonal FDMA), single-carrier frequency division (SC-FDMA) networks, etc. The terms "networks" and "systems" are often used interchangeably. The CDMA network can implement radio technologies such as (UTRA) (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR). cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. The TDMA network can implement radio technologies such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). The OFDMA network can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, FlashOFDM®, etc. UTRA, E-UTRA and GSM are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (Universal Mobile Telecommunications) System). Long Term Evolution (LTE) is another UMTS extension that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in the documents of the organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project"

-18 (3GPP). cdma2000 is described in the documents of the organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards are known in the art. For clarity, certain aspects of the above techniques may be described below in the context of uplink pilot multiplexing, since this refers to LTE technology, and as it follows, if necessary, 3GPP terminology can be used in much of the description below.

[0045] As described above, SC-FDMA, which uses single carrier modulation and frequency equalization, is an attractive technique for reverse link multi-access for its internal transmit power efficiency. SC-FDMA has similar performance and essentially the same overall complexity of OFDMA. The SC-FDMA signal has a lower Peak-to-average Power ratio (PAPR) due to its single-carrier internal structure. SC-FDMA paid special attention, especially in reverse link communication, where a lower PAPR has a much better effect on the mobile terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency. As a result, SC-FDMA is currently the working assumption for a reverse link multi-access scheme in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Evolved UTRA.

[0046] LTE uses orthogonal multiplexing (OFDM) on the forward link and single-carrier frequency division division multiplexing carrier multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the reverse link. OFDM bandwidth

SC-FDM divide orthogonal systems into many (N) subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, intervals, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with

-19danymi. In general, modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain from OFDM and in the time domain from SC-FDM. For LTE, the spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be determined, and the total number of subcarriers (N) can be dependent on the system bandwidth. In one solution, N = 512 for a system bandwidth of 5 MHz, N = 1024 for a system bandwidth of 10 MHz, and N = 2048 for a system bandwidth of 20 MHz. Basically, N can be any integer value.

[0047] Referring now to FIG. 1, a multi-access wireless communication system according to one embodiment is shown. Access point 100 (AP) contains many antenna groups, one contains 104 and 106, the next contains 108 and 110, and the additional ones contain 112 and 114. In Fig. 1, only two antennas are shown for each antenna group, however more or less antennas can be used for any antenna group. Access terminal 116 (AT) communicates with antennas 112 and 114, with antennas 112 and 114 transmitting information to access terminal 116 via forward link 120 and receiving information from access terminal 116 via reverse link 118. Access terminal 122 communicates with antennas 106 and 108, wherein antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to access terminal 122 via forward link 126 and receive information from access terminal 122 via reverse link 124. In an FDD system, communication links 118, 120, 124 and 126 may use different frequencies for communication. For example, forward link 120 may use different frequencies than those used by reverse link 118.

[0048] Each group of antennas and / or the area in which they are intended to communicate is often referred to as the access point sector. In an embodiment, each

The antenna group is designed to communicate with access terminals in a sector of the area covered by access point 100.

[0049] In communication over the forward link 120 and 126, the access point transmit antennas 100 use beamforming to improve the signal to noise ratio of the forward links for various access terminals 116 and 124. Also, an access point using beam shaping to broadcast to randomly distributed access terminals in its range causes less interference for access terminals in neighboring cells than an access point transmitting via a single antenna to all of its access terminals.

[0050] As described above, the access point may be a fixed station used to communicate with terminals and may also be referred to as an access point, Node B or other names. An access terminal may also be referred to as an access terminal, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, terminal, access terminal or other names.

[0051] FIG. 2 shows a wireless communication system 200 with a plurality of base stations 210 and a plurality of terminals 220 that can be used in connection with one or more aspects of the present invention. The base station is essentially a fixed station that communicates with terminals and can also be called an access point, Node B, or other names. Each base station 210 provides communication coverage for a particular geographical area, represented as three geographical areas, designated 202a, 202b and 202c. The term "cell" may refer to the base station and / or its coverage area depending on the context in which the term is used. To

To increase system performance, the base station coverage area may be divided into many smaller areas (e.g., three smaller areas, according to cell 202a in FIG. 2), 204a, 204b, and 204c. Any smaller area can be served by the appropriate base station transceiver (BTS) - (base transceiver subsystem). The term "sector" may refer to BTS and / or its coverage area depending on the context in which the term is used. For a cell divided into sectors, the subsystems over the BTS base station for all sectors, this cell is usually co-located within the base station for the cell. The transmission techniques described here can be used for a system with cells divided into sectors, as well as for a system with cells not divided into sectors. For simplicity, in the following description, the term "base station" is used essentially for both a fixed station that serves a sector and a fixed station that serves a cell. [0052] Terminals 220 are usually distributed throughout the system and each terminal can be fixed or mobile. The terminal may also be referred to as a mobile station, user equipment, user equipment, or other names. The terminal can be a wireless device, a mobile phone, a Personal Digital Assistants (PDA), a wireless modem card, and so on. Each terminal 220 may communicate with any, one or more base stations on the forward and reverse link at any given time. The forward link (or forward link) refers to the communication link from base stations to terminals, and the reverse link (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from terminals to base stations.

[0053] For centralized architecture, the various controller 230 includes a system that connects to base stations 210 and provides coordination and control for base stations 210. For distributed architecture, base stations 210 can communicate with each other as needed. Data transmission on the forward link occurs from one access point to one access terminal at or near the maximum data rate that can be operated by the forward link and / or the communication system. Additional downlink channels (e.g., control channel) may be transmitted from multiple access points to one access terminal. Reverse link data communication may occur from one access terminal from one or more access points via one or more antennas at terminals 220 and / or at base stations 210 as described above with reference to FIG. 1.

[0054] FIG. 3A illustrates an example non-limiting high level block diagram for a system that facilitates pilot channel multiplexing in accordance with aspects of the present invention. System 300A. User equipment 302 that is communicatively coupled to base station 304 in a wireless manner. In other words, base station 304 provides voice and / or data services to UE 302 via forward link 310 and receives communications from user equipment 302 via reverse link 312, such as an SC-FDMA reverse link. The user equipment 302 may be mobile, so that the quality associated with the signals received from the base station 304 may change as UE 302 travels to different geographical regions. User equipment 302 may include a pilot signal multiplexer 306, which may adaptively multiplex the uplink pilot signals according to the scheme

- 23 here to allow estimation of the channel status among other functions. In another aspect, base station 304 may demultiplex pilot signals using pilot signal demultiplexer 308 so that adaptive multiplexed pilot signals can be used to improve channel estimation and suppression of interference from other UEs. In addition, it should be noted that UE 302 and / or base station 304 may include other ancillary components that facilitate, among other functions, the communication of related information or data used to adaptively determine the pilot allocation scheme. For example, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the base station may transmit a number of active wireless terminal streams 302 for SDMA or SU-MIMO, and the pilot allocation identifier such that UE 302, base station 304 and other active wireless terminal may adaptively determine the pilot signal multiplexing scheme. Also, while reverse link 312 and forward link channels 310 are shown as a single arrow, it should be noted that the invention intends to use multiple transmit and receive antennas as would be the case with the MIMO single user system (SU-MIMO) (singleuser DESPITE).

[0055] Furthermore, it should be understood that the term "multiplex" described herein in the context of uplink channel user equipment 302 refers to the process of selecting bandwidth resources in such a way as to maintain orthogonality of pilot signals while facilitating simultaneous transmission from multiple transmission sources ( for example, antennas) via a shared medium (e.g., wireless channel), depending on the context, in addition to the traditional definitions of the word referring to

-24 physical signal connections. For example, in SU-MIMO, multiple transmit antennas in UE 302 or parts thereof may be used to transmit simultaneously on a reverse link channel (multiplexed) according to a scheme as described herein, while multiplexed signals cannot be physically connected in UE 302 or parts thereof. In another example, SDMA or MU-MIMO, multiple individual UE 302 can simultaneously transmit on a channel through a single antenna where there is no combination of real signal in UE 302 or part thereof. Rather, the multiplexing process in this case refers to the selection of specific portions of shared resources shared by UE 302 so that individual signals can be simultaneously transmitted over a shared physical channel and then demultiplexed.

[0056] FIG. 3b shows a base station 304 receiving signals from a plurality of UE 302, such as uplink pilots, which are adaptively multiplexed in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. Base station 304 is shown how it receives signals from multiple UE 302 (1-Z), with Z being an integer, for example, as would be the case with many MIMO (MU-MIMO) users (MIMO multiuser) of a spatial division multiple access system ( SDMA) (space-division multiple access). [0057] The following considerations provide additional information regarding signaling between a network (e.g., base station 304 and / or system controller 230) and a wireless terminal (e.g., UE 302 or access terminal 220) in the context of UMTS. In terms of logical channels, they are classified into Control Channels and Traffic Channels. Logical Control Channels include

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) (Broadcast Control

-25Channel), which is a DL channel for information about controlling the broadcast system. Paging Control Channel (PCCH), which is a DL channel carrying paging information. The Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), which is a point-to-multiplex DL channel used to transmit control and planning information Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) for one or more group talk channels (MTCH) (Multicast Traffic channels). Basically, after establishing a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection, this channel is only used by UE 302 user equipment that receives MBMS. The Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a two-way point-to-point channel that transmits dedicated control information and is used by UE 302 user equipment having an RRC connection. In a further aspect, logical talk channels include the Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), which is a two-way point-to-point channel dedicated to one UE for transferring user information. Also, MTCH for the DL point-to-multipoint channel to transmit traffic data.

[0058] In a further aspect, transport channels are classified into DL and UL. DL transport channels include Broadcast Channel (BCH), Downlink Shared Data Channel (DL-SDCH) and Paging Channel (PCH), PCH channel for UE energy saving (cycle) Discontinuous Reception (DRX) is indicated by the network to the UE), broadcast through the entire cell and mapped to PHY resources that can be used for other channels

-26sterujących / of conversation. UL transport channels include a Random Access Channel (REOM), a Request Channel (REQCH),

Uplink Shared Data Channel (UL-SDCH) and multiple PHY channels. PHY channels include a set of DL channels and UL channels.

[0059] DL PHY channels include:

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

DL Shared Channel (SDCCH) (Shared DL Control Channel)

Group Transmission Control Channel (MCCH) (Multicast Control Channel)

Shared UL Assignment Channel (SUACH)

Confirmation Channel (ACKCH) (Acknowledgment Channel)

UL Physical Shared Data Channel (DL-PSDCH)

UL Power Control Channel (UPCCH)

PICH indicator channel (PICH)

Load Indicator Channel (LICH) [0060] UL PHY channels include:

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

-27 Channel Quality Indicator (CQICH) (Channel Quality Indicator Channel)

Confirmation Channel (ACKCH) (Acknowledgment Channel) Antenna Subset Indicator Channel (ASICH)

Shared Request Channel (SREQCH)

UL Physical Shared Data Channel (UL-Physical Shared Data Channel)

Broadband Pilot Channel (BPICH) [0061] According to exemplary non-limiting embodiments of the invention, a channel structure is provided that maintains a low PAR ratio (e.g., at any given time, the channel is adjacent or evenly distributed in the frequency ) single carrier waveform properties. According to further non-limiting embodiments, when multiple UEs or streams from a single UE are multiplexed on the same bandwidth allocation in SDMA or a corresponding MIMO user, the invention preferably maintains pilot orthogonality to improve channel estimation and channel interference suppression. In addition, as described above, the invention preferably maintains a single carrier waveform on a pilot channel to improve wireless transmit power efficiency for wireless terminals on a reverse link channel. Thus, a method for multiplexing UEs on the same bandwidth in SDMA (e.g., MU-MIMO) or SU-MIMO while maintaining a single carrier waveform on a pilot signal in all scenarios is described herein.

[0062] For the purpose of describing a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the following nomenclature is used. Thus, it should be understood that the description is here only one of many embodiments that may be possible while maintaining the scope of the claims appended hereto. SDCH is a Shared Data Channel, PICH is a Pilot Chanel, RB is a Resource Block, LB and SB refer to Long Block and Short Block respectively , The slot is a set of 0.5 millisecond (ms) RB blocks containing 6 LB and 2 SB, and TTI is a Transmission Time Interval containing 2 slots.

[0063] FIG. 4 depicts an example non-limiting adaptive pilot allocation scheme 400 in accordance with various aspects of the present invention for up to four streams (e.g., stream 0, 1, 2 and 3). It should be noted that the stream may refer to one of many reverse link transmissions from a single UE 302 wireless (e.g., SU-MIMO), to one of multiple reverse link transmissions from multiple wireless UE 302 (e.g., SDMA) or any of them combinations, and the like. In addition, while for illustration purposes, SDCH and PICH are shown to occupy the respective LB 408 and SB 410, such a choice is not necessary for the functioning of the invention. As a result, while a particular embodiment can be described in the context of a pilot channel occupying an SB resource block, it should be understood that any set of blocks suitable for mapping the pilot bandwidth can be used, and SB is presented in the discussion as a matter of convenience in terms of down

The orderly separated preferably concepts described herein. With regard to the structure of data multiplexing, usually in SU-MIMO or SDMA scenarios, multiple data streams are multiplexed in the same RB 406. Although the choice of SDCH multiplexing the data stream is usually made by the program such that these streams are spatially with MMSE placement in the receiver, the invention provides an orthogonal pilot signal structure 402 for each stream that provides high SNR pilot and accurate MMSE data pre-processing. In addition, in order to maintain a single carrier waveform, the pilot and data signal is transmitted in a localized manner. In the exemplary non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4, such a multiplexing structure may include 1 ms TTI 404 divided into 12 LB 408 and 4 SB 410, where SDCH can be transmitted on 12 LB 408 and PICH can be transmitted on 4 SB 410. In a particular embodiment, the FDM PICH structure for 1 RB spans 180 KHz and is the minimum transmission unit on the reverse link. The PICH granularity is 30 KHz, in other words, the PICH bandwidth can increase in 30 KHz increments or provide 6 tones for each minimum transmission unit on the reverse link. FIG. 4 shows the results of an adaptive pilot multiplexing scheme, where the PICH structure is adaptive, such that the PICH bandwidth symbol is a function of a number of streams multiplexed in accordance with various non-limiting embodiments of the invention. For example, FIG. 4 it can be 4 streams from a single user or 1 stream for each of 4 users as described above. The gray cell area is LB 408, where SDCH is sent from all streams. PICH is sent in SB 402 and FDM orthogonality can be split with PICH frequency

Shown by "0" for stream 1, "1" for stream 2, "2" for stream 3, and "3" for stream 4. [0064] Several results of the provided adaptive pilot multiplexing scheme can be seen in FIG. 4. For example, according to various, non-limiting embodiments, the PICH bandwidth and frequency location of the SB 402 may change over time as a function of a number of active streams (e.g., current uplink transmission, or from SU-MIMO, SDMA , or any combination thereof). According to further non-limiting embodiments, the PICH for each stream has the same time constant / bandwidth allocation covering a total of 1 ms TTI 404. In addition, the invention preferably provides a PICH waveform that maintains a low PAR carrier waveform to improve the wireless transmit power efficiency by cyclically shifting the PICH frequency location offset for each stream along SB over time, while maintaining the PICH per neighbor stream in frequency according to different aspects of the invention. In addition, the adaptive pilot multiplexing schemes provided maintain orthogonality per SB 402 because the PICH per stream can be orthogonal frequency-split multiplexed to improve channel estimation and suppress other wireless terminal interference.

[0065] For the example in FIG. 4, the specific case 414 of two streams (0 and 1) in SB 402_1 is shown, the first 0.5 ms slot shows stream 1 first in the upper part of RB 406 occupying the top three tones. In the second SB 402_2, the stream jumps to the lower portion of RB 406 occupying the lower three tones. The pattern then repeats, resulting in PICH falling into the neighboring stream in

-31 frequencies with a time constant / bandwidth allocation covers a total of 1 ms TTI 404. However, when more streams are added, the multiplexing scheme adapts while maintaining the above-mentioned advantages (e.g., single carrier, orthogonality, time constant / allocation of the TTI bandwidth) ). For example, in the case of 418 with four streams, the pattern is not repeated within TTI 404, but maintains the PICH per neighbor stream at a frequency with a time constant / bandwidth allocation covering the whole of 1 ms TTI 404.

[0066] As described above, various modifications may be made to the adapted pilot multiplexing scheme, as described with reference to FIG. 4, without departing from the scope of the claims appended hereto. For example, in accordance with further non-limiting embodiments, the PICH structure in FIG. 4 can be extended for N RB and M streams as follows:

[0067]

For N = Odd:

If M = 1, Or 2 or 3

<td>PICH</td><td>Bandwidth</td><td>is</td><td>the same</td><td>as data in</td><td>all</td><td>SB</td>

<td>PICH Γ - Λ</td><td>Bandwidth</td><td> =</td><td colspan="2">((180 / M) * N) KHz</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>= 4 PICH</td><td>Bandwidth</td><td>is</td><td>the same</td><td>as data in</td><td>all</td><td>SB</td>

<td>PICH</td><td>Bandwidth</td><td>of</td><td>stream m</td><td>in SB index</td><td>m</td><td>= (90 * N) KHz</td>

<td>PICH</td><td>Bandwidth</td><td>of</td><td>stream m</td><td>in other SB</td><td> =</td><td>(30 * N) KHz</td>

[0068]

-32For N = even:

If M = 1, or 2 or 3 or 4 PICH bandwith is the same as data in all SB PICH bandwith = ((180 / M) * N) KHz [0069] It should be noted that such an extension provides similar benefits as described above with reference to FIG.

4.

[0070] Now with reference to FIG. 5, communication equipment 500 is shown for use within a wireless communication environment: Equipment 500 may be base station 304 or a part thereof or user equipment 302 or a part thereof (e.g., a memory card (SD) (Secure Digital) coupled with a processor). Equipment 500 may include a memory 502 that stores various instructions in reference to signal processing, communication planning, interval request measurements and / or the like. For example, if the equipment 500 is user equipment as described below in connection with FIG. 11-12 and 15, memory 502 may include instructions for analyzing the quality of the signals on the uplink and / or downlink channel with respect to the specific base station. Then, memory 502 may include instructions for adaptive PICH multiplexing by changing the PICH bandwidth and frequency location falling on SB 402 over time as a function of a number of active streams. To this end, memory 502 may include instructions for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel data (e.g., a number of active streams and / or indicated frequency output locations, a number of available blocks of an RB 406 resource, any combination thereof, and / or the like) from base station 304 to facilitate adaptation

Multiplexing uplink pilots according to a predetermined scheme in accordance with various aspects of the invention. In addition, memory 502 may include instructions to facilitate the transmission of adaptively multiplexed PICHs. The above sample instructions and other relevant instructions may be stored in memory 502, and the processor 504 may be used in connection with the execution of the instructions (depending on, for example, a number of active streams, the starting position frequency, etc.).

[0071] Also, as indicated above, the equipment 500 may be a base station and / or a part thereof as described below in connection with FIG. 9-10 and 14. As an example, memory 502 may contain instructions for receiving an indication that user equipment supported by the equipment 500 is measuring with respect to other technologies and / or frequencies. Memory 502 may further include instructions for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel data (e.g., a number of active streams and / or indicated frequency output locations, a number of available RB 406 resource blocks, any combination thereof, and / or the like ) to UE 302 to facilitate demultiplexing of adaptively multiplexed PICHs according to a predetermined scheme, in accordance with various aspects of the invention. To this end, memory 502 may further include instructions to facilitate the reception of adaptively multiplexed PICHs. Processor 504 may be used to execute instructions stored in memory 502. Although several examples have been provided, it should be noted that instructions described in the form of methodology (e.g., FIGS. 6-7) may be included within memory 502 and executed by processor 504 .

[0072] Referring to FIG. 6 and 7, specific high level methodologies are shown for adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. While for the purpose of simplifying explanations, methodologies are shown and described as a series of methodologies available for a combination of activities, it should be understood and noted that they are not limited by structured activities because some activities may occur in a different order and / or simultaneously with activities other than shown and described here. For example, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methodology may alternatively be represented as a series of related states or events, such as a state diagram. In addition, not all of the actions described can be used to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more embodiments.

[0073] FIG. 6 depicts one specific high level methodology 600 to facilitate uplink pilot multiplexing in connection with the adaptive pilot multiplexing schemes described herein. At step 604, uplink pilot channel information (e.g., a number of active streams and / or indicated frequency output locations, a number of RB 406 resource blocks, any of them and / or the like) necessary to facilitate the adaptive pilot multiplexing scheme according to a predetermined function, a number of active streams are determined at base station 304 or part thereof. At 606, corresponding uplink pilot channel information is transmitted to one or more UE 302 to facilitate UE 302 adaptive pilot multiplexing by changing pilot bandwidth and location

-35 frequencies per SB 402 over time according to the predefined function of a number of active streams. At 608, in response to receiving multiplexed pilot signals from UE 302, base station 304, or a portion thereof, demultiplexing the multiplexed pilot channel according to the predetermined function and corresponding uplink pilot channel information.

[0074] FIG. 7 depicts one specific high level methodology 700 to facilitate uplink pilot multiplexing in connection with the adaptive pilot multiplexing scheme described herein. In response to receiving the appropriate uplink pilot channel information in step 704 from base station 304 or part thereof, UE 302 or part thereof adaptively multiplexes pilot signals in step 706 by changing the pilot bandwidth and frequency location of the SB 402 in time according to the predefined function of a number of active streams. At 706, UE 302 or part thereof, transmits adaptively multiplexed pilot signals.

[0075] FIG. 8 shows an example of a communication system 800 implemented in accordance with various aspects involving multiple cells: cell I 802, cell M 804. It should be noted that adjacent cells 802 and 804 overlap slightly as indicated by the cell line 868 region, thereby creating potential interference signal between signals transmitted by base stations in neighboring cells. Each cell 802 and 804 of the 800 system has three sectors. Cells that have not been divided into many sectors (N = 1), with cells with two sectors (N = 2) and cells with more than 3 sectors (N&gt; 3) are also possible, according to various aspects. Cell 802 contains the first sector, sector I 810, the second

-36sector, sector II 812, and the third sector, sector III 814. Each sector 810, 812, 814 has two sector boundary regions; each region of the boundary line is shared between two adjacent sectors.

[0076] Sector boundary regions provide for signal interference between signals transmitted by base stations in neighboring sectors. Line 816 is the region's border line region between sector I 810 and sector II 812; route 818 is the sector's border line region between sector II 812 and sector III 814, route 820 is the region's border line region between sector III 814 and sector I 810. Similarly, cell M 804 contains the first sector, sector I 822, the second sector, sector II 824, and the third sector, sector III 826. Line 828 is the sector boundary region between sector I 822 and sector II 824; route 830 is the sector's border line region between sector II 824 and sector III 826; Line 832 is the border line region between Sector III Sector 826 and Sector I 822. Cell I 802 contains a base station (BS), a base station I 806, and multiple end nodes (EN) (e.g., wireless terminals) in each sector 810, 812, 814. Sector I 810 contains EN (1) 836 and EN (X) 838 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 840, 842, respectively; sector II 812 includes EN (1 ') 844 and EN (X') 846 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 848, 850, respectively; sector III 814 includes EN (1 ") 852 and EN (X") 854 coupled to BS 806 via wireless links 856, 858; respectively. Similarly, M 804 contains an M 808 base station, and multiple end nodes (ENs) in each sector 822, 824, 826. Sector I 822 contains EN (1) 836 'and EN (X) 838' coupled to BS M 808 via wireless links 840 ', 842' respectively; sector II 824 contains

-37EN (1 ') 844' and EN (X ') 846' coupled to BS M 808 via 848 ', 850' wireless links, respectively; sector III 826 contains EN (1 ") 852 'and EN (X") 854' coupled to BS 808 via wireless links, respectively

856', 858'.

[0077] System 800 also includes a network node 860 that is coupled to BS I 806 and BS M 808 by network links 862, 864, respectively. The network node 860 is also coupled to other network nodes, for example, other base stations , AAA server nodes, intermediate nodes, routers, etc., and the Internet via a network link 866. Network links 862, 864, 866 can be, for example, fiber optic cables. Each end node, for example, EN (1) 836 may be a wireless terminal including a transmitter as well as a receiver. Wireless terminals, for example, EN (1) 836 can travel through the 800 system and can communicate over wireless links with the base station in the cell where the EN is currently located. Wireless terminals (WT), e.g., EN (1) 836, can communicate with peer nodes, e.g., other WT wireless terminals in the 800 system or outside the 800 system via a base station, e.g., BS 806 and / or node 860 networks. Wireless WT terminals, for example, EN (1) 836 can be mobile communication devices such as cell phones, personal digital assistant devices with wireless modems etc. Individual base stations or parts thereof may perform determination and transmission of pilot uplink channel information. In addition, individual base stations or parts thereof may perform demultiplexing of the uplink pilot signal according to various aspects given herein. Wireless terminals or parts thereof may use

- individual uplink pilot channel information provided to facilitate adaptive pilot multiplexing by changing pilot bandwidth and frequency location per SB 402 over time according to a predetermined function of a number of active streams according to various aspects herein. In addition, wireless terminals or portions thereof may transmit multiplexed pilot signals to individual base stations [0078] FIG. 9 shows a system that can be used in connection with adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing schemes with respect to user equipment. System 900 includes a base station 902 with a receiver 910 that receives the signal (s) from one or more user devices 904 via one or more receive antennas 906 and transmits to one or more user devices 904 via multiple transmit antennas 908. In one example, the receiving antennas 906 and the transmitting antennas 908 may be implemented using a single set of antennas. The receiver 910 can receive information from the receiving antennas 906 and is operably associated with a demodulator 912 that demodulates the received information. The receiver 910 may be, for example, a Rake receiver (for example, this technique individually processes multi-path signal components using multiple baseband correlators, ...) an MMSE-based receiver, or some other suitable receiver to extract user devices associated with it, which certainly will be noticed by a specialist in this field. For example, multiple receivers may be used (e.g., one per receiving antenna), and such receivers may

-39 communicate with each other to provide better estimation of user data. Demodulated symbols are parsed by processor 914 similar to processor 1106 described below with reference to FIG. 11 and is coupled to a memory 916 that stores information related to user device tasks, lookup tables related thereto, and the like. Receiver output signals for each antenna can be jointly processed by receiver 910 and / or processor 914. Modulator 918 may multiplex the signal for transmission by transmitter 920 via transmit antennas 908 to user devices 904. [0079] FIG. 10 illustrates an example base station 1000 in accordance with various aspects of the present invention. Base station 1000 or parts thereof implements various aspects of the present invention. For example, base station 1000 may specify the determination of uplink pilot channel information for subsequent transmissions to facilitate adaptive pilot multiplexing in associated user equipment. Base station 1000 can be used as any one of base stations 806, 808 of system 800 of FIG. 8. Base station 1000 includes receiver 1002, transmitter 1004, processor 1006, for example, CPU, input / output interface 1008 and memory 1010 coupled together via bus 1009 through which various components 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008 and 1010 can exchange data and information.

[0080] Sector antenna 1003 coupled to receiver 1002 is used to receive data and other signals, for example, channel reports from the transmission of wireless terminals from each sector within the base station cell and may include one or more receiving antennas. The sector antenna 1005 coupled to the transmitter 1004 is used to transmit data and others

40 signals, e.g., control signals, pilot signals, beacons etc. to wireless terminals 1200 (see FIG. 12) within each sector of the base station cell. In various aspects, base station 1000 may use multiple receivers 1002 and multiple transmitters 1004, e.g., individual receiver 1002 for each sector and individual transmitter 1004 for each sector. As described above, it should be noted that various modifications are possible. For example, in the SUMIMO system, many transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc. in the base station and user equipment can be used. Similarly, in the case of SDMA systems, many users can transmit and receive signals from a base station having multiple transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc. The processor 1006 may be, for example, a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). Processor 1006 controls the operation of base station 1000 under the direction of one or more routines 1018 stored in memory 1010 and implemented in the method. The 1008 I / O interface provides connection to other network nodes connecting BS 1000 to other base stations, access routers, AAA server nodes, etc., other networks and the Internet. Memory 1010 contains routines 1018 and data / information 1020.

[0081] Data / information 1020 includes data 1036, tone subset allocation information 1038 containing downlink symbol strip information 1040 and downlink tone information 1042 and wireless terminal (WT) data / information 1044 containing multiple sets of information WT: info 1046 about WT 1 and info 1060 about WT N. Each WT info set, for example, WT 1 info 1046 contains data 1048, terminal ID 1050, sector ID 1052, information 1054 about uplink channel,

- 1056 information about the forward link channel, and 1058 information about the mode.

[0082] Procedures 1018 include communication routines 1022 and routines 1024 controlling the base station. Base station control routines 1024 include scheduler module 1026 and signaling routines 1028, including tone subset allocation procedures 1030 for strip-symbol periods, other 1032 uplink tone allocation hopping routines 1032 for the rest of symbol periods, e.g., no strip-symbol periods and procedures 1034.

[0083] Data 1036 includes data to be transmitted that will be sent to encoder 1014 of transmitter 1004 for encoding prior to transmission to WT wireless terminals, and received data from WT wireless terminals that have been processed by decoder 1012 of receiver 1002 upon receipt. The 1040 information about the strip-symbol of the forward link contains information about the synchronization structure of the frame, such as information about the structure of the super-slot (superslot), navigation slot - (beaconslot) and ultra-slot (ultraslot) and information determining whether the given symbol period is a period strip-symbol and strip-symbol and if so the strip-symbol period indicator is the reset point that cuts the tone subset allocation sequence used by the base station. The 1042 downlink tone information contains information, including the carrier frequency assigned to base station 1000, a certain number and frequency of tones, and a set of tone subsets to be allocated to strip-symbol periods and other specific cell and sector values, such as slope, indicator slopes and type of sector.

[0084] Data 1048 may include data that WT1 1200 has received from the peer, data that WT1 1200 wants to transmit to the peer, and uplink channel feedback information. The ID 1050 terminal is a base station 1000 with an assigned ID that identifies WT1 1200. Sector ID 1052 contains information identifying the sector in which WT1 1200 operates. Sector ID 1052 can be used, for example, to determine the type of sector. Uplink channel information 1054 includes information identifying channel segments that have been allocated by scheduler 1026 for WT1 1200 to use, for example, uplink talk channel segments for data, dedicated reverse link control channels for requests, power control, setting control time, a certain number of active streams, etc. Each uplink channel assigned to WT1 1200 includes one or more logical tones, each logical tone following the uplink hopping sequence according to various aspects of the present invention. Forward link channel information 1056 includes information identifying channel segments that have been allocated by scheduler 1026 to carry data and / or information to WT1 1200, e.g., forward link talk channel segments for user data. Each downlink channel assigned to WT1 1200 contains one or more logical tones, each following a downlink hopping sequence. Mode information 1058 includes information identifying the WT1 1200 operating state, e.g., sleep state, hold state, or on state.

[0085] Communication routines 1022 control the base station 1000 to perform various communication operations and implement various communication protocols. Base station control routines 1024 are used to control base station 1000 to perform basic base station functional tasks, e.g., signal generation and reception, planning and implementing method steps for some aspects, including transmitting signals to wireless terminals using tone subset allocation sequences stripsymbol periods.

[0086] Signaling procedure 1028 controls the operation of receiver 1002 with its decoder 1012 and transmitter 1004 with its encoder 1014. Signaling procedure 1028 is responsible for controlling the production of transmitted data 1036 and control information. The subset of tone allocation procedure 1030 constructs a subset of tone to be used during the strip-symbol period using an aspect method and using data / information 1020 containing info 1040 at the time of the downlink symbol and sector ID 1052. The allocation sequences of the downlink tone subset will be different for each type of sector in the cell and different for neighboring cells.

receive signals in base station 1000 allocation sequences

WT 1200 wireless terminals have strip-symbol periods, according to a subset of downlink tone; uses the same allocation sequence of a downlink tone subset to generate transmitted signals. Other downlink tone allocation hopping routines 1032 construct downlink tone hopping sequences using information including 1042 downlink tone information and 1056 downlink channel information for symbol periods other than periods

-44strip-symbol. Sequence skipping tone sequences of the forward link data are synchronized in the cell sectors. Beacon routine 1034 controls the transmission of a beacon signal, e.g., a signal with a relatively high power focused on one or more tones, which can be used for synchronization purposes, e.g., to synchronize the timing structure of the downlink signal frame, and thus the tone subset allocation sequence in relation to the ultra slit boundary lines.

[0087] FIG. 11 depicts a system 1100 that can be used in connection with adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing schemes as described herein. System 1100 includes a receiver 1102 that receives a signal from, for example, one or more receiving antennas and performs typical operations on it (e.g., filters, amplifies and converts the frequency to a lower frequency, etc.) the received signal and converts the conditioned signal to obtaining a sample. Demodulator 1104 may demodulate and provide received pilot symbols to processor 1106 for channel estimation.

[0088] Processor 1106 may be a dedicated processor to analyze information received by receiver component 1102 and / or generate information for transmission by transmitter 1114. Processor 1106 may be a processor that controls one or more parts of the system 1100 and / or a processor that analyzes information received by receiver 1102, generates information for transmission by transmitter 1114, and controls one or more system parts 1100. System 1100 may include an optimization component 1108 that can optimize user equipment performance before, during and / or after measurements with respect to one or more technologies and / or frequencies. Component 1108

Optimization planning information may be included in processor 1106. It should be noted that optimization component 1108 may include an optimization code that performs a usability-based analysis in relation to measurement interval requests. The optimization code may use artificial intelligence methods in connection with performing inference and / or probability determinations and / or a statistic based determination in connection with coding and decoding schemes.

[0089] The system (user equipment) 1100 may further include a memory 1110 that is operably coupled to the processor 1106 and stores information such as the measurement interval, scheduling information, and the like, where such information may be used to allocate the interval between measurements and to perform measurements during the interval between measurements. Memory 1110 may additionally store protocols associated with the generation of lookup tables, etc., so that the 1100 system can use stored protocols and / or algorithms to increase system capacity, the data storage components described herein may be either volatile or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile memory and nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration, and without limitation, non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory . Volatile memory can include direct access memory acts as an external cache

It should be noted that, for example, memory (RAM), which By means of illustrations, and not limited to them, RAM memory is available in many forms, such as memory

- synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), extended SDRAM (ESDRAM), direct synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM) and memory direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Memory 1110 is intended to include, without being limited to, those other appropriate types of memory. Processor 1106 is connected to a symbol modulator 1112 and a transmitter 1114 that transmits the modulated signal.

[0090] FIG. 12 depicts an example terminal (e.g., terminal node, device 1200, which can be used as wireless terminals (e.g.,

EN (1) 836, system 800 shown in Fig. 8). Wireless terminal 1200 includes receiver 1202, including 1212 decoder, transmitter 1204 containing 1214 encoder, processor 1206 and memory 1208 which are bus coupled

1210, through which various elements 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208 and information. Antenna 1203 wireless mobile, ...) any one can exchange data used to receive signals from the base station is coupled to the receiver 1202. Antenna 1205 used to transmit signals, for example, to the base station is coupled to the transmitter 1204. As described above, it should be noted that various modifications are possible. For example, in the SU-MIMO system, many transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc. can be used in the base station and user equipment. Similarly, in the case of SDMA systems, many users can transmit and receive signals from a base station having many transmit and receive antennas, receivers, etc.

[0091] The processor 1206, for example, the CPU controls the operation of the wireless terminal 1200 and implements methods through

- performing procedures 1220 and using data / information 1222 in memory 1208.

[0092] Data / information 1222 includes user data 1234, user information 1236 and tone subset allocation information 1250, in the example case of an OFDMA communication system. User data 1234 may include peer node data that may be routed to encoder 1214 for encoding prior to transmission by transmitter 1204 to base station 1000 and data received from base station 1000 that has been processed by decoder 1212 at receiver 1202. User information 1236 includes 1238 uplink channel information, 1240 uplink channel information, 1242 terminal ID information, 1244 base station ID information, 1246 sector ID information, and 1248 mode information. Reverse link channel information 1238 includes information identifying reverse link channel segments that have been allocated by base station 1000 for wireless terminal 1200 for use when transmitting to base station 1000. Reverse link channels may include reverse link talk channels, dedicated reverse link control channels. , e.g., request channels, power control channels and time control channels. In the example case of an OFDMA communication system, each uplink channel contains one or more logical tones, each logical tone following the uplink tone hopping sequence. In some embodiments, uplink hopping sequences are different between each type of cell sector and between adjacent cells.

[0093] The forward link channel information 1240 includes information identifying the forward link channel segments,

48 which have been allocated by the base station to WT 1200 for use when data / information to WT 1200 contain talk channels, the base station transmits downlink channels can downlink and assignment channels, where each downlink channel contains one or more logical tone , each logical tone following a downlink hopping sequence that is synchronized between each cell sector.

[0094] User info 1236 also includes information 1242 about the terminal ID, which is base station 1000 assigned identification, information 1244 about the base station ID, which identifies the specific base station 1000 with which the WT has established communication, and info 1246 about the sector ID, which identifies the specific sector of the cell where WT 1200 is currently located. In the example OFDMA communication system, information 1244 about the base station ID provides the cell slope value, and info 1246 about the sector ID provides the type of sector index; cell slope value and sector index type can be used to derive the tone hopping sequence. Mode information 1248 also included in info 1236 user information identifies whether the WT 1200 is in sleep mode, hold mode, or on mode.

[0095] In some embodiments of OFDMA, the tone subset allocation information 1250 includes downlink symbol time information 1252 and downlink tone information 1254. Info 1254 on the downlink tone contains information, includes the carrier frequency assigned to base station 1000, a certain number and frequency of tones, and a set of subsets of tones to be allocated to strip-symbol periods and other

-49 cell and sector values, such as slope, slope indicator, and sector type.

[0096] Procedures 1220 include communication procedures 1224 and procedures 1226 controlling a wireless terminal. Communication procedures 1224 control the various communication protocols used by WT 1200. Procedures 1226 controlling the wireless terminal control the functionality of the primary wireless terminal 1200 including controlling the receiver 1202 and transmitter 1204. Procedures 1226 controlling the wireless terminal include procedures 1228 signaling. In some OFDMA embodiments, the tone subset allocation procedure 1230 uses user data / info 1222 including downlink channel information 1240, base station ID info 1244, e.g., sector type, as well as transmission information to generate the subset allocation sequence downlink tone according to some examples of performing and processing received data transmitted from base station 1000. [0097] Techniques of some embodiments may be implemented using software, computer hardware and / or a combination of computer software and hardware. Some embodiments relate to equipment, e.g., a mobile node, such as a mobile terminal, base station or communication system that implements some embodiments. Some embodiments also relate to methods, e.g., a method of controlling and / or operating mobile nodes, base stations and / or communication systems, e.g., hosts, in accordance with some embodiments. Some embodiments also relate to the slope indicator and 1254 with a machine-readable media link tone, for example, ROM, RAM, CD,

Hard disks, etc., which contain machine readable instructions for controlling the machine to perform one or more steps in accordance with some embodiments.

[0098] In various embodiments, the nodes described herein are implemented using one or more modules to perform steps corresponding to one or more methods of some embodiments, for example, signal processing, message generation, and / or transmission steps. Thus, in some embodiments, the various features of some embodiments are implemented using modules. Such modules can be implemented using software, hardware or a combination of software and hardware. Many of the methods or method steps described above can be implemented using machine executable instructions, such as software, contained in a machine readable medium, such as a memory device, e.g., RAM, diskette, etc. To control a machine, for example, a general-purpose computer with or without additional computer hardware, to implement all or part of the methods described above, for example, in one or more nodes. In this regard, among others, some embodiments relate to a machine readable medium comprising machine executable instructions to cause a machine, e.g., a processor and associated hardware, to perform one or more steps of the method described above (methods described) . [0099] The numerous additional variations of methods and equipment of some embodiments described above will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the above description of the invention. Such variations may be considered within the scope

Equipment with different nodes, channel information of individual embodiments can be performed. Methods of some embodiments may be, and in various embodiments are used with CDMA, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, SCFDMA, and / or various other types of communication techniques that can be used to provide wireless communication links between access nodes and mobile nodes. In some embodiments, access nodes are implemented as base stations that establish mobile communication links using OFDM and / or CDMA. In the embodiments, the mobile nodes are implemented as portable computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) or other portable devices comprising receiver / transmitter circuits and logic circuits and / or procedures to implement methods of some embodiments.

[0100] It should be noted that, in accordance with one or more aspects described herein, inferences regarding determining the uplink pilot signal. The term "inference" or "inference" as used herein generally refers to the process of reasoning about or inferring about system states, environment and / or user states, a mobile device, active reverse link streams, and a base station from an observation set when captured by events and / or data. Inference can be used to identify a specific context or activity, or it can generate, for example, a probability distribution for states. Inference can be probabilistic, i.e. the calculation of the probability distribution for the considered states on the basis of considered data and events.

-52 Inference can also refer to techniques used to compose higher-level events from the set of events and / or data. Such inference results in new events or activities from the set of observed events and / or stored event data, whether the events are correlated close to the time distance or not, and whether the events and data come from one or several events and data sources.

[0101] As an example, the above-described one or more methods may include making inferences regarding determining active uplink streams to facilitate adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing. According to another example, inference can be made to estimate the probability of a desired signal that is differentiable from one or more unwanted signals based on a set of uplink pilots. It should be noted that the above examples are inherently illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the number of inferences that can be made or the manner in which such inferences are made in connection with the various embodiments and / or methods described herein.

[0102] FIG. 13 is an example non-limiting block diagram of a communication system including uplink pilot multiplexing in accordance with various aspects of the invention, wherein the transmitter system 1310 (e.g., base station, access point, etc.) and the receiver system 1350 (access terminal, user equipment, mobile node , etc.) in the 1300 MIMO system. In transmitter system 1310, traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 1312 to a transmitted data processor 1314 (TX). In an embodiment, each data stream is transmitted by a particular one

-53 transmitting antenna. TX data processor 1314 formats, encodes and interleaves traffic data for each data stream based on a specific coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide encoded data. In accordance with various embodiments of the invention, the transmitter circuit 1310 facilitates adaptive pilot multiplexing schemes by transmitting uplink pilot channel information to the receiver circuit 1350 (e.g., a number of active streams and / or indicated frequency output locations, a number of available RBs, any combination thereof, and / or the like).

[0103] The encoded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot signal data using OFDM techniques. Pilot signal data is usually a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used in a receiver system to estimate channel response. The multiplexed pilot data and the encoded data for each data stream are then modulated (i.e. symbols are mapped) based on a specific modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK or M-QAM) selected for this data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding and modulation rate for each data stream can be determined by the instructions executed by the processor 1330.

[0104] Modulation symbols for all data streams are then provided to the 1320 TX MIMO processor, which can further process modulation symbols (for example, for OFDM). The TX MIMO processor 1320 then provides NT modulation symbol streams to NT transmitters (TMTR) 1322a through 1322t. In some embodiments, the TX MIMO processor 1320 uses beam shaping weights

To the data stream symbols and to the antenna from which the symbol is transmitted.

[0105] Each transmitter 1322 receives and processes a particular symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and then, for example, amplifies, filters and changes to a higher one) the signals condition the frequency of the analog delivery in order to be suitable for the modulated MIMO signal . NT modulated signals from transmitters 1322a to 1322t are then transmitted from NT antennas from 1324a to 1324t, respectively.

[0106] In the receiver system 1350, the transmitted modulated signals are received by the NR antennas from 1352a to 1352r, and the received signal from each antenna 1352 is delivered to the individual receiver (RCVR) from 1354a to 1354r. Each receiver 1354 conditions (for example, filters, amplifies and changes the frequency to a lower) individual received signal, after conditioning, converts the signal to digital form to provide samples, and then processes the samples to provide the corresponding received "symbol stream [0107] The processor processes receivers

1360 RX data then receives and NR received symbol streams from NR

1354 based on a specific processing technique used by the receiver to provide NT "detected" symbol streams. The RX data processor 1360 then demodulates, deinterleaves and decodes each detected symbol stream to recover traffic data for the data stream. The processing of the RX data processor 1360 is a supplement to this processing performed by the TX MIMO processor 1320 and the TX data processor 1314 in the transmitter circuit 1310.

[0108] Processor 1370 periodically determines which precoding matrix to use as described above. The processor 1370 formulates a uplink message comprising a portion in the form of a matrix indicator and a portion in the form of row values. The reverse link message may include various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. In accordance with various aspects of the invention, in response to receiving the appropriate uplink pilot channel information from the transmitter circuit 1310, the receiver circuit 1350 adaptively multiplexes pilot signals by changing the pilot channel bandwidth and frequency location over time according to a predetermined function of a certain function. number of active streams. The reverse link message is then processed by the TX data processor 1338, which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from the data source 1336, modulated by the modulator 1380, conditioned by the transmitters 1354a to 1354r, and transmitted back to the transmitter circuit 1310.

[0109] In the transmitter system 1310, the modulated signal y from the receiver circuit 1350 is received by the antennas 1324, conditioned by the receivers 1322, demodulated by the demodulator 1340 and processed by the RX data processor 1342 to extract the uplink message transmitted by the receiver circuit 1350. Processor 1330 then determines which precoding matrix to use to determine the beamforming weight, then processes the extracted message. In accordance with various aspects of the invention, in response to receiving multiplexed pilot signals from a receiver circuit 1350, transmitter circuit 1310, demultiplexes the multiplexed pilot channel in accordance with a predetermined function and

-56 represent the software with appropriate information about the uplink pilot signal channel.

[0110] With reference to FIG. 14, equipment 1400 is shown that facilitates adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing in accordance with various non-limiting embodiments of the invention. For example, equipment 1400 may be located, at least partially, within the base station. It should be noted that the 1400 hardware is represented as having functional blocks, which may be functional blocks, which functions are performed by the processor, or combinations thereof (for example, firmware). Equipment 1400 contains a logical grouping of 1402 electrical components that can work together. For example, logical grouping 1402 may include an electrical component for determining and transmitting uplink pilot channel information at base station 1404. For the purpose of explanation, and not limitation, uplink pilot channel information may include a number of one or more active streams to be multiplexed, a number of available resource blocks and / or pilot frequency output position, any combination thereof, and the like. In addition, logical grouping 1402 may include an electrical component for receiving adaptively multiplexed pilot signals 1406 as described in more detail above in connection with FIG. 4, 67. By way of example, multiplexed pilot signals may include pilot signals with varying pilot channel bandwidth and frequency block location and frequency location over time. In addition, the multiplexed pilot signals for each active stream can be cyclical

-57 displaced along the block to form an adjacent frequency block over time. Logical grouping 1402 may then include an electrical component for demultiplexing the received pilot signals according to the predetermined function of the uplink pilot channel information 1408. In addition, logical grouping may include an electrical component (not shown) for frequency division multiplexing of individual pilot signals per active stream in an orthogonal manner per block. In addition, equipment 1400 may include memory 1410 that stores instructions for performing functions related to electrical components 1404, 1406 and 1408. Although shown as external to memory 1410, it should be understood that one or more electrical components 1404, 1406 and 1408 can exist within memory 1410.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 15, equipment 1500 is shown that allows adaptive uplink pilot multiplexing in accordance with various non-limiting embodiments of the invention. Equipment 1500 may be located, at least in part, for example, within the wireless terminal. It should be noted that the hardware 1500 is represented as containing functional blocks, which may be functional blocks representing functions performed by the processor, software, or combinations thereof (e.g., firmware). Equipment 1500 contains a logical grouping of 1502 electrical components that can work together. For example, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information 1504. For example, the electrical component 1504 can

- comprising an electrical component for receiving and processing uplink pilot channel information as described above with reference to FIG. 14. In addition, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component for adaptively multiplexing uplink pilots through cyclically changed pilot bandwidth and frequency location per block depending on uplink pilot channel information 1506, as described in more detail above in connection with FIG . 4, 6-7. In addition, logical grouping 1502 may include an electrical component (not shown) for frequency division multiplexing of uplink pilots per active stream in an orthogonal manner per block. In addition, logical grouping 1402 may include an electrical component for transmitting adaptively multiplexed uplink pilot signals 1508. For example, electrical component 1508 may include an electrical component for transmitting adaptively multiplexed pilot signals with variable pilot channel bandwidth and frequency location per short block. In addition, equipment 1500 may include memory 1510, which stores instructions for performing functions associated with electrical components 1504, 1506 and 1508. Although shown as external to memory 1510, it should be understood that one or more electrical components 1504, 1506 and 1508 may exist within memory 1510.

[0112] It should be appreciated that the embodiments described herein can be implemented by computer hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode or any combination thereof. For hardware implementation, units

Processing within user equipment or a network device can be implemented within one or more integrated circuits for a specific application (ASIC)

Integrated Circuits), in Digital Signal Processors (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Devices (Digital Signal Processing Devices), programmable logic devices (PLD) (Programmable Logic Devices), programmable integrated circuits with matrix construction ( FPGA) (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, other electronic units, intended to perform the functions described herein or a combination thereof.

[0113] When the systems and / or methods described herein are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they may be stored in a machine readable medium such as a mass storage component. The code segment may be a procedure, function, subroutine, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program instructions. The code segment may be coupled to another code segment or computer hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory content. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be transmitted, sent or transmitted by any appropriate means, including sharing of memory areas, message forwarding, tag forwarding, network transmission, etc.

[0114] For software implementation, the techniques described herein can be implemented in modules (for example, procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. Software codes can be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit may be implemented in or outside the processor, in which case it may be communicatively coupled to the processor by various means.

[0115] What has been described above includes examples of the present subject matter. It is of course not possible to describe every possible combination of components or methodologies for the purpose of describing such an object of the invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations are possible. Therefore, the object of the invention is to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the claims. to what extent the term "contains" the attached scope in ("include") is used in both the detailed description and the claims, such term is to be used only in a similar manner to "containing", as the "containing" ("Comprising") is interpreted when used as a transitive word in a patent claim.

deadline deadline

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