Insolation controlling coated glass, method of obtaining same and NIR radiation absorbing coat

(12) PATENT DESCRIPTION (19) PL (11) 196992 (13) B1 (21) Application number: 335017 ^{(51) Int.Cl.}

C03C 17/34 (2006.01) (22) Filing date: 20.08.1999 (54) Solar control coated glass and method of manufacture

<td></td><td>(73) The right holder of the patent:</td>

<td>(30) Priority: 1998-08-21, US, 60 / 097,523 1999-02-16, US, 09 / 249,761</td><td>ARKEMA INC., Philadelphia, US (72) Inventor (s): Clem Steffler McKown, Glenmoore, US</td>

<td>(43) Application was announced:</td><td>Christophe Roger, Limerick, US</td>

<td>28.02.2000 BUP 05/00</td><td>David Alan Russo, Audubon, US Jeffrey Lee Stricker, Narberth, US</td>

<td>(45) The grant of the patent was announced:</td><td></td>

<td>29 February 2008 WUP 02/08</td><td>(74) Representative: Jadwiga Sitkowska, PATPOL Sp. z o. o</td>

⁽⁵⁷⁾ 1. Solar control coated glass having a SnO2 coating characterized in that the SnO2 coating is an anti-iridescence coating and comprises at least two layers, one layer of which is an NIR solar radiation absorbing layer comprising SnO2 containing an impurity selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten , vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel and mixtures thereof, and the second layer is a low emissivity layer, consisting of SnO2 containing an impurity selected from the group consisting of fluorine or phosphorus, the thickness of the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer is from 80 to 300 nm, and the thickness of the low emissivity layer is from 200 to 450 nm, and the coating does not contain a separate interference layer suppressing the iridescence of the reflected color .

22. A method for producing coated glass according to claim 1 Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the glass is successively treated at a temperature above 400 ° C:

a first carrier gas containing an oxygen source, H 2 O, an organotin tin precursor, and a metal-containing dopant precursor selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt and nickel; and, a second carrier gas containing an oxygen source, H 2 O, a tin precursor, and a fluorine or phosphorus-containing dopant precursor;

to form by pyrolysis an NIR solar radiation absorbing layer comprising SnO2 containing an admixture of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt or nickel, or a mixture of impurities and a low emissivity layer including SnO2 containing an admixture of fluorine or phosphorus.

PL 196 992 B1

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to solar control coated glass and a method of its production. Coated glass is used in residential, architectural and automotive windows and a variety of applications where solar control and low emissivity are desired. The solar control and low emissivity coatings contain tin oxide having various admixtures. The invention avoids the need for an anti-iridescent backing layer. Glassware can be any shape but is typically flat or curved. The composition of the glass can vary widely, but is typically soda-lime glass produced by the float process. It can be annealed, quenched or tempered.

Solar control is a term that describes the property of regulating the amount of solar thermal energy that can pass through the glass product into an enclosed space such as a building or car interior. Low emissivity is a term that describes the surface property of a product to suppress the absorption and emission of mid-range infrared radiation, making the surface a mid-range infrared reflector and reducing the heat flux passing through the product by suppressing the radiative component of heat transfer to and from the low emissivity surface (sometimes referred to as as low E). By suppressing the solar heat gain, the interior of buildings and cars is kept cooler; this reduces the need for air conditioning and lowers costs. Effective low-emissivity coatings increase comfort in summer and winter, improving the thermal insulation of the window.

Of course, important for industrially acceptable coated glass articles that exhibit solar control and low emissivity properties are the economical manufacturing processes of the articles and the durability and retention of related properties such as light transmission, visibility, color, transparency and reflection.

As explained below, various technologies have been used to meet the solar control and low emissivity glass requirements, however, none of the systems has successfully met all of the performance requirements in an economical manner.

Many coatings and coating systems produce iridescent colors on the coated article. This can be caused by the chemical composition of the coating, the thickness of the single layer or layers, or the interaction of the substrate and coatings with the incident light. Such iridescence can, in some cases, be minimized or eliminated by disposing an anti-iridescence layer between the glass substrate and the first coating. The use of an interference layer between the glass and the next functional layer or layers to suppress iridescence or color reflection was demonstrated by the first Roy G. Gordon, which became the subject of US Patent No. 4,187,336, issued February 5, 1980. Gordon's technology represents the state of the art for solar control coated glass, as evidenced by the recently issued US Patent No. 5,780,149 (McCurdy et al., Jul 14, 1998) relating to the application of two solar control layers on top of a Gordon type interference layer. The interference layer often contains silicon dioxide. Surprisingly, the present invention represents a significant breakthrough and obviates the need for a Gordon type backsheet to control reflected color.

U.S. Patent No. 3,149,989 discloses coating compositions useful for producing radiation-reflecting (solar control) glass. At least two coatings are used, with the first coating bonded to the glass substrate composed of tin oxide doped with a relatively large amount of antimony. The second coating also consists of tin oxide and is doped with a relatively small amount of antimony. The two coatings may be superimposed on each other, or they may be superimposed on opposite sides of the glass substrate. In any event, such solar control coatings do not provide a significantly low emissivity to the glass article.

U.S. Patent No. 4,601,917 describes liquid coating compositions for producing high quality, high performance, fluorine doped tin oxide coatings by chemical vapor deposition. One application of such coatings is to make energy efficient windows, also known in the trade as "low-E or" low-E windows. Methods for producing coated glass are also described. This patent does not explain how to make coated glass articles that provide both solar control and low emissivity.

U.S. Patent No. 4,504,109, issued to Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chou, describes coated glass with an infrared shielding multiple layers, a substrate that is transparent to visible light, and an applied multilayer coating of at least one infrared shielding layer, and at least one interferential reflective layer alternately lying on top of each other ... Sn-doped indium oxide was used in the examples as an infrared shielding layer and TiO2 was used as an interference shielding layer. In order to attenuate the iridescence, the thickness of the infrared shielding layer and the interferential reflecting layer must be one quarter lambda (lambda / 4) with an acceptable variation of 75% to 130% lambda / 4. While other infrared shielding layer and interference reflective layer compositions have been described, such as SnO2 with or without doping (see column 6, lines 12 to 27), however, a particular combination of doped SnO2 layers according to the present invention to provide solar control, low emissivity and anti-iridescence effect without the need to maintain the limitation on lambda / 4 thickness is not described or explained by examples of the suppression of iridescence or color reflection.

U.S. Patent No. 4,583,815, also issued to Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chou, describes a heat-shielding laminate composed of two top layers of indium and tin oxide containing varying amounts of tin. Anti-reflection layers are also described above or below the indium tin oxide layers. Other infrared shielding layer and interference reflection layer compositions are also disclosed such as SnO2 doped that becomes a +5 valence positive ion such as Sb, P, As, Nb, Ta, W, or Mo or an element such as F which readily becomes a negative ion with a valence of -1 (see column 22, lines 17 to 23). However, a specific combination of the doped SnO2 layers of the present invention providing sun protection, low emissivity and anti-iridescence is not described or exemplified. Tin oxide layers are not claimed or described in the specification of the composition of such layers, e.g., the dopant to tin oxide ratio. It should also be noted that the instructions in this description lead to the use of the same dopant in both layers (indium tin oxide), whereas in this patent application one layer must contain a different dopant than the other layer.

United States Patent No. 4,828,880, issued to Pilkington PLC, describes barrier layers that inhibit the migration of alkali metal ions from the glass surface and / or act as color suppressive backing layers for infrared reflective or electrically conductive top layers. Some of these color suppressing layers are used in the construction of solar control or low emissivity glass.

U.S. Patent No. 5,168,003, issued to Ford Motor Company, describes a glazing product carrying a substantially transparent coating including an optically functional layer (which may be a low emissivity or solar control layer) and a thinner anti-iridescence layer which is a multi-zone step gradient layer. Antimony doped tin oxide is mentioned as a possible alternative or optional component of the exemplary low emissivity layer.

US Patent No. 5,780,149, issued to Libbey-Owens-Ford, describes a solar control coated glass having at least three coating layers, a first and a second clear coating, and an iridescence suppressing layer lying between the glass substrate and the clear top layers. The invention is based on transparent layers showing a refractive index difference in the near infrared region greater than the index difference in the visible region. This difference causes the sun's heat to be reflected in the Near IR region rather than absorbed. Doped metal oxides which have low emissivity, such as fluorine doped tin oxide, are used as the first transparent layer. Metal oxides such as undoped tin oxide are used as the second layer. NIR absorbing combinations are not described.

European Patent No. 0-546-302-B1 published on July 16, 1997 (Asahi Glass Co) describes coating systems for solar control glass in which a heat treated (tempered or bent) glass includes a metal nitride protective layer. The protective layer or layers is used to coat the solar control layer (to prevent it from oxidizing during thermal treatment). A number of exemplary layers are mentioned as the solar control layer, including tin oxide doped with antimony or with fluorine. However, it is not disclosed or explained by examples of a particular combination of doped SnO2 layers of the present invention providing solar control, low emissivity and anti-iridescence without following the Gordon description.

PL 196 992 B1

European Patent Application No. 0-735-009-A1 is a patent application that was published in February 1996 (to Central Glass Co). This patent application describes a heat-reflecting glass panel having a multi-layer coating comprising a glass plate and two layers. The first layer is a high refractive index metal oxide based on Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu, the second layer is a lower refractive index coating based on a metal oxide such as tin oxide. Doped layers and low emissivity or NIR absorbing combinations are not disclosed.

WO 98/11031, this patent application was published in March 1998 (to Pilkington PLC). It describes a glass with high efficiency solar control comprising a glass substrate with a coating comprising a heat absorbing layer and a low emissivity metal oxide layer. The heat absorbing layer may be a metal oxide layer. This layer can be a doped oxide of tungsten, cobalt, chromium, iron, molybdenum, niobium or vanadium, or mixtures thereof. The low emissivity layer may be a doped tin oxide. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the iridescence suppressing layer or layers is incorporated under a coating including a heat absorbing layer and a low emissivity layer. This application does not disclose or suggest a particular combination of the doped SnO2 layers of the present invention that provides solar control, low emissivity and anti-iridescence without the need for a Gordon backsheet to suppress iridescence or color reflection.

Canadian Patent No. 2,193,158 discloses an antimony-doped tin oxide layer on glass with a tin to antimony molar ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.5 reducing light transmission through the glass.

The article "Dopant Effects in Sprayed Tin Oxide Films, E. Shanthi, A. Banerjee and KL Chopra, Thin Solid Films, Vol. 88, 1981 pp. 93 to 100" discusses the influence of antimony, fluorine and antimony-fluorine admixtures on the electrical properties of the coating with tin oxide. The article does not disclose any optical properties of the antimony-fluorine coating or influence on the transmitted or reflected color.

British Patent Application GB 2302101 A (Glaverbel) describes a glass product coated with an antimony / tin oxide coating with a thickness of at least 400 nm with a Sb / Sn molar ratio of 0.05 to 0.5, with a visible transmittance of less than 35% . The coatings are applied by aqueous CVD spraying and are intended to be used as privacy glasses. Underscoats that reduce haze are discussed, as well as thick layers with low Sb / Sn ratios, which show low emissivity as well as high absorption of sunlight. It has also been described that it is possible to form one or more additional coating layers to obtain some desirable optical properties. None of these properties other than haze are mentioned. The application does not mention thinner layers, the use of more than one dopant, or the control of the color of the coating.

British Patent Application No. GB ​​2302102 A (also Glaverbel) describes a glass substrate coated with an Sn / Sb oxide layer containing tin and antimony in a molar ratio of 0.01 to 0.5, where the layer was deposited by CVD, so that the coated substrate has a solar factor ( solar heat gain coefficient) less than 0.7. The coatings are suitable for window applications and have light transmittance between 40 and 65% and a thickness between 100 and 500 nm. Haze-reducing back coatings are claimed, and low emissivity can be imparted to the coatings by judicious selection of the Sb / Sn ratio. As in the previous application, mention is made of the inclusion of one or more additional coating layers in order to obtain some desirable optical properties. Alternatively, low emissivity fluorine-doped tin oxide layers can be deposited on the Sb / Sn layers, or fluorine components can be added to the Sb / Sn reactants to obtain low emissivity coatings containing F, Sb and Sn. The last two methods were considered to be disadvantageous due to the additional time and cost of adding the third layer and the fact that the emissivity of the Sb / F coating was increased rather than decreased. There is no mention of controlling color or color neutrality.

British Patent Specification No. GB ​​2,200,139 (to Glaverbel) teaches a method of depositing a coating by spray application of solutions containing tin precursors, fluorine-containing compounds and at least one other dopant selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, vanadium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, tungsten , tellurium or manganese.

Previously, glass manufacturers have dealt with heat transfer through windows by using absorbing and / or reflecting coatings, glass dyes, and post-applied coatings.

Most of these coatings and layers are designed to control only a portion of the sun's heat spectrum, or the NIR, i.e. the near infrared (NIR) component of the electromagnetic spectrum having a wavelength in the range 750 - 2500 nm or the center IR component. the electromagnetic spectrum having a wavelength in the range 2.5 - 25 μm. A product to control the full heat spectrum is designed, however the sputtering metal / dielectric coating is effective in operation, has a limited lifetime and must be protected and sealed in the center of the multi-pane insulated glass unit (IGU). There is therefore a need for a total solar control layer or combination of coatings that can be readily applied by pyrolytic deposition during a glass making operation to provide an article that has acceptable visible light transmittance, reflects or absorbs NIR, reflects intermediate IR, and is neutral or close to neutral. to color.

The above references, alone or in combination, do not disclose or suggest a particular combination of the doped SnO2 layers of the present invention providing solar control, low emissivity, and anti-iridescence without the need for a Gordon backsheet.

The present invention relates to glass with improved solar control that has acceptable visible light transmittance, absorbs near infrared (NIR) light, and reflects mid-range infrared light (low emissivity or low E) along with a selected color in the visible spectrum of the reflected light that may have controlled with a specific color or essentially colorless h (neutral as defined later in the description). The invention also relates to a method of making improved, coated, solar control glass. The improved glass comprises a solar energy absorbing (NIR) layer including tin oxide doped with antimony and a low emissivity control layer capable of reflecting mid-range infrared light and containing tin oxide doped with fluorine and / or phosphorus. A separate iridescence suppressing layer as described in the prior art is generally not necessary to achieve a neutral (colorless) appearance of the light reflected from coated glass, however, the iridescence suppressing layer or other layers may be combined with the two layer system of the present invention. If necessary, multiple solar control layers and / or low emissivity layers can be used. The NIR layer and the low emissivity layer can be separate parts of a single tin oxide coating as both layers are composed of doped tin oxide. Moreover, the present invention controls or changes the color of transmitted light by adding tinting additives to the NIR layer. It has surprisingly been found that the fluorine dopant providing the uncolored tin oxide layer acts as a colorant when added as an additional dopant to the NIR layer and modifies the color of the light transmitted through the NIR layer.

Figures 1 to 4 and 8 to 13 show a cross section of coated glass having different numbers of layers or coatings in a different arrangement for the layers on the glass substrate. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate graphically solar control achieved with antimony doped coatings at different dopant concentrations and different coating thicknesses on window panes, i.e., a single glass pane, or on insulated glass units (IGUs) that are a composite of at least two glass panes. Fig. 7 illustrates the color spectrum in the x and y coordinate system of the Commission Internationale de L'Exclairage (CIE) and the specific color available for different coating thicknesses and dopant concentrations. The translation of the name CIE is the International Commission on Illumination.

It is an object of the present invention to produce a controlled color reflection transparent article (even a neutral color as defined herein) that will absorb near infrared (NIR) solar radiation and reflect heat from the mid infrared (low emissivity), including two thin layers containing doped with SnO2. Another object of the invention is the application of layers by chemical atmospheric pressure vapor deposition (CVD) or other processes such as solution spray or evaporated / sublimated liquids / solids. The preferred method of application for the invention is an atmospheric CVD process using vaporized liquid precursors. Another object is to obtain multiple solar control and / or low emissivity layers together with other layers in combination with solar control or a low emissivity layer. Another object is to provide a solar control layer or combination of coatings that can be easily applied by pyrolytic deposition during glass manufacturing, resulting in an article that has acceptable visible light transmittance, reflects or absorbs NIR, reflects a center IR (low-E), and is neutral or close to neutral in color. The production of such a product is the object of the present invention6

PL 196 992 B1. Another object of the invention is to control the color of the transmitted light independently of the color of the reflected light, by adding tinting additives in the NIR layer.

The invention provides a solar control coated glass having a selected reflected light color and having an NIR solar radiation absorbing layer and a low emissivity layer. The solar control glass according to the invention is characterized by having a SnO2 coating, the SnO2 coating being an anti-iridescence coating and comprising at least two layers, one layer of which is an NIR solar radiation absorbing layer comprising SnO2 containing an impurity selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel and mixtures thereof, and the second layer is a low emissivity layer. including SnO2 containing an impurity selected from the group consisting of fluorine or phosphorus, the thickness of the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer is from 80 to 300 nm, and the thickness of the low emissivity layer is from 200 to 450 nm, the coating does not contain a separate layer interference suppressing the iridescence of the reflected color.

In one embodiment, the thickness of the NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer is 200 to 280 nm and the thickness of the low emissivity layer is 250 to 350 nm.

In one embodiment, the NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer is 220 to 260 nm thick, and the dopant concentration is 2.5% to 7% by weight in the NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer relative to the mass of SnO2 in the NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer, and the low-density layer. The emissivity is 280 to 320 nm thick, the fluorine dopant concentration is 1% to 5% by weight in the low emissivity layer relative to the SnO2 weight in the low emissivity layer.

In one embodiment, the NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer is SnO2 having an antimony doping in the range of 3% to 6% by weight based on the weight of SnO2 in the NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer, the low emissivity layer is SnO2 doped with fluorine in the range of 1%. up to 3% dopant by weight based on the weight of SnO2 in the low emissivity layer.

In one embodiment, the solar radiation absorbing layer is coated directly on the glass and the low emissivity layer is coated on top of the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer.

In one embodiment, the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer and the low emissivity layer are contained in a single SnO2 coating containing at least two dopants, the first dopant selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel, and their mixtures and the second admixture, which is fluorine or phosphorus, wherein the first dopant is present at a higher concentration than the second dopant on one surface of the coating and the first dopant is present at a lower concentration than the second dopant on the opposite surface of the coating, and wherein a portion of the coating proximate to the first surface acts as the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer in that coating, and the portion of the coating in the vicinity of the opposite surface acts as the low emissivity layer in that coating. In this embodiment, preferably the first dopant is at least 50% of the dopant present on the first surface of the SnO2 coating to form a solar NIR absorbing layer inside the SnO2 coating adjacent the first surface, and the second dopant is present at a concentration of at least 50% of the dopant on the second surface of the opposing coating. to the first surface to form a low emissivity layer within the SnO2 coating adjacent the second surface.

It is particularly preferred that the first dopant is present at a concentration of at least 75% of the dopants present in the SnO2 coating in the area of ​​the coating starting from the first surface and extending into the SnO2 coating to a depth of at least 80 nm above the first surface. and the second dopant is at least 75% of the dopants present in the SnO2 coating in the area of ​​the coating starting from the second surface and extending through the SnO2 coating at a concentration of at least 75% of the dopants to a depth of at least 80 nm, with the SnO2 coating area having at least 75% of the second dopant acts as the low emissivity layer and the SnO2 coating area having at least 75% of the first dopant acts as the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer.

In one embodiment, antimony is the dopant in the NIR solar-absorbing layer.

The glass may then contain an antimony in admixture obtained from a precursor including antimony trichloride, antimony pentachloride, antimony triacetate, antimony triethoxide, antimony trifluoride, antimony pentafluoride, or antimony acetylacetonate.

PL 196 992 B1

In one embodiment, the low emissivity layer is doped with fluorine.

The glass may then contain a fluorine dopant obtained from a precursor including trifluoroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, monofluoroacetic acid, ethyl trifluoroacetate, ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrofluoride, or hydrofluoric acid.

In one embodiment, each of the SnO2 layers is obtained by pyrolytic decomposition of a tin precursor.

The glass may then contain the tin precursor selected from the group consisting of monobutyltin trichloride, methyltin trichloride, dimethyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate and tin tetrachloride.

In one embodiment, the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer is composed of at least two NIR solar radiation absorbing coatings, and the combined thickness of the NIR solar radiation absorbing coatings is from 80 to 320 nm.

The concentration of the dopant in one NIR solar-absorbing coating may be different from the concentration of the dopant in the other NIR solar-absorbing coating.

In one embodiment, the low emissivity layer is composed of at least two low emissivity coatings and the combined thickness of the low emissivity coatings is between 200 and 450 nm.

The concentration of the dopant in one low emissivity coating may be different from the concentration of the dopant in the other low emissivity coating.

In one embodiment, the glass further comprises a transmission color modifying amount of a dopant in the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer.

A preferred color modifying dopant is fluorine or chlorine.

In one embodiment, the glasses additionally contain chlorine as an impurity in the NIR solar radiation absorbing layer.

The invention also relates to a process for the production of coated glass as defined above, wherein the glass is successively treated at a temperature above 400 ° C:

a first carrier gas containing an oxygen source, H 2 O, an organotin tin precursor, and a metal-containing dopant precursor selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt and nickel; and, a second carrier gas containing an oxygen source, H 2 O, a tin precursor, and a fluorine or phosphorus-containing dopant precursor;

to form by pyrolysis an NIR solar radiation absorbing layer comprising SnO2 containing an admixture of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt or nickel, or a mixture of dopants, and a low emissivity layer including SnO2 including an admixture of fluorine or phosphorus.

The dopant precursor in the first carrier gas may be selected from the group consisting of antimony trichloride, antimony pentachloride, antimony triacetate, antimony triethoxide, antimony trifluoride, antimony pentafluoride, and antimony acetylacetonate, and, the dopant precursor in the second carrier gas is selected from the trifluoroacetic acid group. ethyl trifluoroacetate, difluoroacetic acid, monofluoroacetic acid, ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrofluoride and hydrofluoric acid;

to form by pyrolysis an NIR solar radiation-absorbing layer including SnO2 doped with antimony and a low emissivity layer including SnO2 doped with fluorine.

In one embodiment, the glass first contacts the first carrier gas and then contacts the second carrier gas.

In one embodiment, the first carrier gas may also be used including the components of the second carrier gas to form a product wherein the NIR layer is doped with fluorine or phosphorus in addition to antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, or nickel.

In one embodiment, a first carrier gas may be used that also contains a fluorine, chlorine, or phosphorus-containing dopant precursor.

Trifluoroacetic acid, HCl, or phosphorus trichloride can be used as a precursor to the fluorine, chlorine or phosphorus containing dopant.

In one embodiment, a first carrier gas may be used that also includes a coating modifier selected from the group consisting of a fluorine- or phosphorus-containing dopant precursor.

In one embodiment, a first carrier gas may be used that also includes components of a second carrier gas to form a product wherein the solar radiation-absorbing layer

NIR is doped with fluorine or phosphorus in addition to antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt or nickel.

In one embodiment, a second dopant precursor selected from the group consisting of trifluoroacetic acid, ethyl trifluoroacetate, difluoroacetic acid, monofluoroacetic acid, ammonium fluoride, ammonium hydrofluoride, and hydrofluoric acid may be used.

A solar control, low emissivity coated glass is thus produced by depositing on a heated transparent substrate at least two layers, a low emissivity layer including a fluorine and / or phosphorus doped SnO2 coating and a NIR absorbing layer including a SnO2 dope doped with antimony, tungsten , vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel or mixtures thereof. It has turned out that this combination effectively controls the solar and thermal radiation parts of the electromagnetic spectrum such that a window coated with such coatings will have significantly improved properties.

Solar control properties are typically expressed in terms of Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) and U-value. SHGC is a measure of the total solar heat gain of the window system relative to the incident solar radiation, while the U (U) value is the total heat transfer coefficient for the window. The SHGC of the coated glass depends primarily on the thickness and the antimony content of the NIR-absorbing coating (see Fig. 5 and 6), while the U-value depends primarily on the emissivity of the coating and the window structure. The SHGC measured at the center of the glass may range from about 0.40 to 0.80, while the U value measured at the center of the glass may range from about 0.7-1.2 for a single pane coated with a preferred embodiment coating. In an insulated glass unit (IGU), the SHGC drops to ~ 0.30 with U-values ​​as low as ~ 0.28.

Both the reflected and transmitted color of the coated glass according to the present invention can be controlled. In addition, the amount of visible light transmitted through the coated glass can be controlled in the range of about 25-80% by controlling the thickness of the NIR coating and the low emissivity layer and the concentration of the impurity in the NIR coating. The transmitted color, i.e. the color of the light transmitted through the coated glass, can be controlled separately from the reflected color by adding a tinting amount of a tint additive to the NIR coating layer. The reflected color can range from nearly neutral to red, yellow, blue or green and can be controlled by varying the thickness of the coating and the dopant content of the layers. It has surprisingly been found that an almost neutral color as defined herein can be obtained for the reflected color without the need for an anti-iridescent layer. While the refractive indices of the NIR and low emissivity coatings are different, the reflected color is not affected by the classical interference phenomenon originally discovered by Gordon (US Patent No. 4,187,336). Surprisingly, the observed reflected color is controlled by the combination of the absorption and reflection produced by the NIR layer (absorption) and the reflection produced by the low emissivity layer or layers. The absorption of the NIR layer can be controlled by varying the thickness of the SnO2 layer and the concentration of the impurity in the NIR layer, typically antimony. The reflectance of the low emissivity layer can be controlled by varying the thickness of the SnO2 layer and the concentration of the dopant in the low emissivity layer, typically fluorine. The low emissivity layer of SnO2 doped with fluorine or phosphorus is sometimes abbreviated as TOF or TOP, while the NIR SnO2 layer when it is doped with antimony is sometimes abbreviated as TOSb.

A preferred embodiment of this invention uses a combination of a fluorine doped tin oxide (TOF) coating as the low emissivity layer with an antimony doped tin oxide (TOSb) coating as the NIR layer. TOF coatings and methods of depositing them on glass are known in the art and are referred to as low emissivity coatings. The NIR absorbing coating is also a SnO2 coating but contains a different dopant than the low emissivity layer. The dopant in the NIR layer is preferably antimony, although the dopant may be an element selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof. A mixture of one or more of the dopants may be used in the NIR layer, however, the low emissivity layer must contain a low emissivity dopant such as fluorine or phosphorus which gives the layer significant conductivity, although other dopants may be used in conjunction with the low emissivity dopant. Since the low emissivity layers and NIR layers of the present invention use SnO2 as a metal oxide matrix containing the dopant, the NIR layer and the low emissivity layer may be portions of one coating having a dopant gradient. A single coating using a dopant gradient is shown in Figure 3 as a coating 16. The coating 16 has a gradient of NIR doped dopants having a much higher concentration than the other dopant (s) on one surface.

In a coating, surface 18 or 22, wherein the low emissivity dopant has a higher concentration than the second dopant on the second surface of the coating. This causes a change or gradient in NIR and low emissivity concentrations between surface 18 and surface 22. At some intermediate point 20 between surface 18 and surface 22, the NIR dopant concentration changes from the highest concentration on one side of point 20 to a concentration that is no longer the highest on the other side of point 20. Figure 8 shows the low e layer 10 above the NIR layer 12 The NIR layer 12 in FIG. 8 has a concentration gradient for the NIR dopant in the tin oxide coating with a lower dopant concentration closer to the low e layer 10. The coated glass of FIG. 9 is similar to the structure shown in Fig. 8 except that the concentration gradient of the NIR dopant, typically antimony, is higher towards the low e layer 10 and lower towards the substrate. Layer 12 is different from coating 16 shown in FIG. 3 because layer 12 is an NIR layer, while coating 16 has both NIR and low e properties and contains both low e and NIR doped with a gradient st. low e dopant concentration gradient and a NIR dopant concentration gradient. Fig. 10, 11, 12 and 13 show the NIR layer as two separate coatings 28 and 30. Coating 28 is shown to be thicker than coating 30 and the total thickness of the NIR layer is the sum of the thicknesses of the coatings 28 and 30 and should be within the thickness range given above for NIR layers, preferably from 80 to 300 nm. In Figs. 10 and 11, the coatings 28 and 30 are adjacent to each other, while in Figs. 12 and 13, the coatings 28 and 30 are on opposite sides of the low-e coating 10. The concentration of the dopant in the coating 28 is preferably different from the concentration of the dopant in the coating 30.

A preferred embodiment of the invention uses an antimony doped coating as the NIR layer. Such a coating can be deposited by a number of techniques including spray pyrolysis, PVD and CVD. Spray pyrolysis is known and disclosed in patents such as Canadian Patent No. 2,193,158. CVD methods of depositing a SnO2 coating with or without dopants and chemical precursors for forming a doped SnO2 coating are well known and disclosed in US Patent Nos. 4,601,917 and 4,285,974. The CVD deposition of doped SnO2 layers by known methods directly onto the float line outside or inside the float glass chamber is preferred using conventional direct deposition techniques and chemical precursors as taught in US Pat. No. 4,853,257 to Henery. However, doped SnO2 coatings can be applied as layers to glass using other processes such as solution spraying or evaporated / sublimated liquids / solids at atmospheric pressure. The preferred method of deposition in this invention is atmospheric pressure CVD using vaporized liquid precursors. The process is highly applicable to existing industrial direct deposition systems. The preferred embodiments of the precursors are economical to use, allow extended coating, reduce system clean-up frequency, and should be usable with little or no modification to existing float line coating equipment.

Coatings function by a combination of reflection and absorption. The low emissivity layer reflects the center IR heat in the 2.5-25 µm region of the spectrum, while the NIR absorbing layer absorbs heat mainly in the 750-2500 nm range. Without wishing to be bound by theory, we attribute this effect to the fact that in the NIR region, the plasma wavelength (PL - the wavelength at which the low emissivity layer changes from transmissive to reflective light energy) for the low emissivity layer falls in the NIR region. In the area around PL, the NIR absorption is highest for the low emissivity layer and increased uptake occurs when combined with the NIR absorbing layer. The NIR absorbing layers of our preferred embodiments are also doped semiconductors and hence have intermediate IR reflective properties. This reflection coupled with the reflection of the low emissivity layer gives a higher overall indirect IR heat reflectance.

Preferably the SnO2 is pyrolytically deposited on the glass using a tin precursor, particularly an organotin precursor such as monobutyltin trichloride (MBTC), dimethyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, methyltin trichloride or any of the known precursors for SnO2 deposition by CVD, such as No. 4,601,917, incorporated herein by reference. Often such organotin compounds used as precursors for the pyrolytic deposition of SnO2 contain stabilizers such as ethanol. Preferably, the concentration of the stabilizers is less than 1% to reduce the risk of fire when the hot glass comes into contact with such chemicals in the presence of oxygen. The dopant precursors in the NIR layer (antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt and nickel) are preferably halides such as antimony trichloride, although alkoxides, esters, acetylacetonates and carbonyls may also be used. Other

Suitable dopant precursors and SnO2 are well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable precursors and amounts of fluorine dopant in the low emissivity SnO 2 layer are disclosed in US Patent 4,601,917 and include trifluoroacetic acid, ethyl trifluoroacetate, ammonium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid. The concentration of the low emissivity dopant is typically less than 30%, preferably from 1% to 15% by weight, of the dopant precursor based on the combined weight of the dopant precursor and the tin precursor. This generally correlates with the dopant concentration in the low e coating from 1% to 5% by weight of the tin oxide in the low e coating.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the properties depend on the thickness of the low emissivity and absorbing layers as well as the antimony content of the absorbing (NIR) coating. The thickness of the low emissivity layer may range from 200-450 nm, and most preferably 280 to 320 nm. The preferred NIR absorbing layer can be deposited in a similar manner to the low emissivity coating using methods such as disclosed in US Patent No. 4,601,917. Organotin SnO2 precursors may be vaporized in air or other suitable gaseous carriers containing an O2 source and at precursor concentrations from 0.25-4.0 mole% (more preferably 0.5-3.0 mole%). The SnO2 precursor concentrations are expressed herein as a percentage based on the number of moles of precursor and moles of carrier gas. Preferred concentrations of the NIR dopant precursor are from about 1% to about 20% (2.5% to 7.5% more preferably and 3.0% to 6.0% most preferably) and are calculated using the weight of the dopant precursor and the weight of the SnO2 precursor. The doping of antimony using antimony trichloride as the precursor at about 2% to about 8% by weight, particularly preferably 4.0% by weight, is particularly preferred. This correlates with a similar weight percentage of antimony in the tin oxide NIR coating.

Coated glass according to the present invention is illustrated in the figures. Fig. 1 shows the shells in cross section. The layer thicknesses may vary from 200 to 450 nm for the low emissivity layer (layer 10) and for the NIR layer (layer 12) from 80 to 300 nm. The preferred thickness is 250 to 350 nm for the low emissivity layer and 200 to 280 nm for the NIR layer. 280 to 320 nm for the low e layer and 220-260 nm for the NIR layer is most preferred. By using the layers of the preferred embodiments, neutral blue solar control coated glass can be produced, which is defined herein as reflective coated glass, mainly with CIE x chromaticity coordinates between 0.285 and 0.310 and y between 0.295 and 0.325. The definition of neutral blue is shown in Figure 7 through the area of ​​the rectangle labeled Neutral Blue. As shown in Fig. 7, given for examples 15, 20 and 22, a controlled or matched reflected color can be produced close to neutral but with a slight red tinge from neutral (x values ​​up to 0.325 and y values ​​up to 0.33) but so essentially neutral up to a slightly red tint reflected colors do not suit consumers. Fig. 2 shows two coatings or layers in the opposite configuration to that shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2, the low emissivity layer is closer to the glass 14 than the NIR layer 12. 3 shows the NIR and low emissivity layers integrated into a single SnO2 coating 16 showing a dopant gradient in coating 16. Coating 16 has an advantage of one impurity (e.g. an NIR dopant such as antimony) on the surface 22 of the coating closer to the glass. The dopant concentration varies from surface 18 to surface 22 such that the concentration of one dopant varies from more than 50% at surface 18 to about 0% at surface 22. At intermediate point 20, below top surface 18, the predominant dopant in at this point in the layer it varies from the predominant dopant at surface 18 to the predominant dopant at surface 22. The NIR dopant or low emissivity dopant (fluorine) may be a predominant dopant at surface 18 with a second dopant predominantly at surface 22. Fig. 4 illustrates coated glass having additional layers 24 and 26 in addition to the low emissivity layer 10 and the NIR layer 12. Additional layers 24 and 26 may be additional low emissivity and / or NIR layers or other conventional layers used to coat glass, such as a color layer. E.g. 12 can be an NIR layer (e.g. antimony doped tin), low emissivity layer (fluorine doped tin), and other NIR layer 26 may be another low emissivity layer or other conventional layer. The concentration of the dopant when more than one low emissivity layer is used may be the same or different, and the thickness of each low emissivity layer may also be the same or different. Similarly, when more than one NIR layer is used, the dopant concentration and dopant selection (antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, and nickel) may be the same or different, and the thickness of each NIR layer may be same or different. Generally, the dopant of the NIR layer is mainly discussed herein in terms of antimony, it should be understood that the dopant in the NIR layer may be selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof. Similarly, in an embodiment with a gradient layer according to the invention as shown in Fig. 3, the predominant dopant on the NIR surface 18 or 22 may be selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, it is only essential that the low e, e.g. fluorine was the predominant dopant on the opposite surface. There may be one or more NIR or low emissivity layers in combination with the gradient layer, such as layers 10 and 12 in Figures 1 to 3, and / or other conventional layers.

Water is preferably used to accelerate the deposition of the SnO2 coating on glass, as taught in US Patent No. 4,590,096 (Lindner), at concentrations from ~ 0.75 to 12.0 mole% H20 based on gas composition. The preferred embodiments of our invention are illustrated by the examples given below. One skilled in the art will appreciate that small variations beyond the variations discussed herein do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Currently, the most advantageous variant of obtaining coated glass with low e and NIR properties with a neutral reflected color and with only two coatings on the glass is the TO: F coating with a thickness of about 3000 x 10^-10 m (fluorine doped tin oxide) in combination with TO: Sb coating approximately 2400 x 10^-10 m (antimony doped tin oxide) on glass. The coating thickness for TO: F may vary in the range of ~ 2800-3200 x 10^-10 mi is still getting a surprising result of neutral reflected color. The fluorine concentration may vary from ~ 1-5 mole%. Coating thicknesses TO: Sb may vary in the range of ~ 2200-2600 x 10^-10 m with an antimony concentration in the range of ~ 3-8% and a surprising neutral reflection color result for coated glass is still achieved. In the preferred thickness and dopant concentration ranges of the present invention, a solar control coated glass can be produced having an NIR layer and a low e layer having a neutral blue color for reflected light, i.e. coated glass having reflected light mainly in the CIE chromaticity coordinate range. x between 0.285 and 0.310 and y between 0.295 and 0.325 as shown in Figure 7 by a rectangle marked "neutral blue or close to" neutral blue with x values ​​as high as approximately 0.32 as shown in Examples 15, 20 and 22 .

Examples 1 to 30

A 2.2 mm thick glass substrate (soda-lime silica), two square inches (6.45 x 6.45 cm) was heated on a hot block to 605 to 625 ° C. The substrate was positioned 25 mm below the center section of a vertical concentric tubular coating nozzle. Carrier dry air flowing at 15 L per minute was heated to 160 ° C and passed through a vertical hot-wall vaporizer. A liquid coating solution containing ~ 95% by weight of monobutyltin trichloride and ~ 5% by weight of antimony trichloride was introduced into the vaporizer by a syringe pump at a volumetric rate of 0.5 mol% of the organotin concentration in the composition of the gas. Some water was also introduced into the vaporizer at a rate that resulted in 1.5 mole% of the water vapor in the gas mixture. The gas mixture was impinged on the glass substrate at a velocity of 0.9 m / s for ~ 6.1 s, which deposited a coating of antimony doped tin oxide with a thickness of ~ 240 nm. Immediately thereafter, a second gas mixture consisting of a precursor composition of 95 wt% monobutyltin trichloride and 5 wt% trifluoroacetic acid was used, along with water at the same concentrations and carrier gas previously used to deposit the antimony doped SnO2 layer. This second gas mixture was impinged on the coated substrate for ~ 6.7 s. A coating of ~ 280 nm of fluorine doped tin oxide was deposited. The double coating was very light blue in both reflected and transmitted light. The optical properties were measured on a UV / VIS / NIR spectrophotometer and the film resistance was measured with a standard four point probe. The solar heat gain coefficient, U value and visible light transmittance for the glass center were calculated using the Window 4.1 program developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Windows and Daylight Group, Building Technologies Program, Energy and Emdronmental Division. The x and y color coordinates of the CIE chromaticity was calculated using the ASTM E308-96 standard with a visible light reflectance between 380-770 nm and tristimulus coordinates for illuminating agent C. The results of the analysis for this coating are shown in Table 1, No. 19. The procedure of this example was repeated 29 more times with concentrations of chemical precursors and deposition times varied to produce coated glass samples having different NIR layer thicknesses and low emissivity layers and different dopant concentrations. The results are presented in Table 1.

PL 196 992 B1

Examples 31 to 38

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, only inverting the order of the pairings. First, a fluorine doped tin oxide coating was deposited for ~ 8 s, then an antimony doped tin oxide coating for ~ 6 s. The resulting coating was ~ 540 nm thick and was composed of a low emissivity (TOF) layer of approximately 300 nm and a NIR (TOSb) layer around 240 nm and had a similar appearance and reflected light color (neutral blue) to the coating in Example 19. The results of the analysis appear in Table 2, No. 31. The procedure of this example was repeated 7 more times with the chemical precursor concentrations and deposition times varied to produce coated glass samples having different NIR layer thicknesses and low emissivity layers and different dopant concentrations. The results are presented in Table 2.

Example 39

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using three batch precursor mixtures. The third mixture was composed as follows: 90% by weight of monobutyltin trichloride, 5% by weight of trifluoroacetic acid, and 5% by weight of antimony trichloride. The gradient coating was deposited by first depositing only the antimony doped tin oxide precursor of Example 1 for 70% of the time to deposit 240 nm. The mixed antimony / fluorine doped precursor was then turned on. Both precursor mixtures were used for 20% of the total deposition time after which the antimony precursor mixture was detached. The mixed antimony / fluorine precursor was used for the remaining 10% of the total deposition time up to the 240 nm of the antimony coating. At this point, the fluorine doped tin oxide coating precursor feed was added. Both charges were used for 20% of the total time needed to deposit 300 nm of fluorine doped tin oxide. The mixed antimony / fluorine precursor feed was disconnected and the fluorine doped tin precursor was used for the remaining deposition time for the fluorine doped coating. The resulting gradient coating is light blue in transmitted and reflected light (x = 0.292, y = 0.316), SHGC = 0.50, U value = 0.6 and a visible light transmission of about 45%. As shown in Fig. 3, surface 22 of gradient coating 16 will have substantially 100% of antimony, while surface 18 will have substantially 100% of fluorine with a dopant concentration gradient between surfaces 18 and 22 and all within the SnO2 matrix of the coating.

Examples 40 to 43

The procedure of Example 1 was used in Examples 40 to 43. A coating composition for the NIR layer of Examples 41 and 43 consisting of fluorine, antimony and tin precursors was prepared by adding SbCl3 and TFA to MBTC. This precursor contained 0-5 wt% TFA, 5.2-5.5 wt% SbCl3 and the rest of MBTC and was made up with water in the second vaporizer. The carrier gas used in the second vaporizer was dry air at a rate of 15 L / min. The fluorine / antimony / tin precursor was added at a rate of 0.5 mole% of the total carrier gas stream, water was added at a rate of 1.5 mole% of the total carrier gas stream, and the vaporizer temperature was maintained at 160 ° C. Soda-lime-silica glass substrate having two inches square (approximately 6.45 cm²) and 2.2 mm thick was heated on a heating block to 605 to 625 ° C. The heat block and substrate were then moved to a location immediately below the vertical coater nozzle, placing the substrate 25 mm below the coater nozzle. The F / Sb / Sn / H20 vapors from the second vaporizer were then directed to the glass substrate, depositing the backing layer of antimony and fluorine doped tin oxide in Examples 41 and 43. The carrier gas velocity was 0.9 m / s and the coating thickness of the fluorine-antimony-doped tin oxide was ~ 240 nm. By-products and unreacted precursor vapors were sucked off the substrate at a rate of 18 L / min. After the antimony and fluorine doped tin oxide undercoat was deposited, the coater nozzle valve was switched to the feed from the second vaporizer to the feed from the first vaporizer. MBTC / TFA / H20 vapors from the first vaporizer feed were then directed to the substrate, depositing a layer of fluorine doped tin oxide directly on top of the antimony / fluorine doped tin oxide undercoat. The carrier gas velocity was 0.9 m / s and the coating thickness of the fluorine doped tin oxide was ~ 300 nm. The double coatings in Examples 41 and 43 (containing F and Sb in the NIR back coating) were light gray in transmitted light and neutral in reflected light. Examples 40 and 42 essentially repeat Examples 40 and 43 respectively, but without the doping of fluorine in the NIR layer of the backsheet. The properties were measured and the results are shown in Table 3. The results show how fluorine, as an additional dopant in the NIR layer, acts as a color modifier for both reflected and transmitted light. The colors of the transmitted light, Tvis, x and y, of coatings produced with TFA and Sb in the NIR layer, Examples 41 and 43, are more inert to the reflected color and more gray to the transmitted color than coatings that contained only Sb as an admixture in the NIR layer. NIR layer of antimony doped tin oxide in Examples 40 and 42. In addition, the antimony doped NIR layer with a color-imparting amount of fluorine has a higher visible light transmission (Tvis increase from 54.5 to 58.5 in Example 41 versus Example 42 at the same antimony doping level).

Examples 44 to 47 show the deposition of a coating with the following composition:

- TOF / TOSb (low Sb) / TOSb (high Sb) / glass,

-TOF / TOSb (high concentration of Sb) / TOSb (low concentration of Sb) / glass,

- TOSb (low Sb) / TOF / TOSb (high Sb) / glass, and

- TOSb (high Sb) / TOF / TOSb (low Sb) / glass.

Example 44

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using a glass temperature of about 610 ° C and a concentration of the reactants of about 0.63 mole% in air flowing at 20 L per minute. About 400 x 10 were first deposited^-10 m antimony doped tin oxide from a liquid coating solution composed of about 10% by weight of antimony trichloride and ~ 90% monobutyltin trichloride. Immediately thereafter a second layer of approximately 2000 x 10 was deposited^-10 m antimony-doped tin oxide from a liquid coating solution of 3.25% antimony trichloride and 96.75% monobutyltin trichloride. Third layer of approximately 3000 x 10^-10 The fluorine-doped tin oxide was deposited from a solution containing 5% by weight of trifluoroacetic acid and 95% by weight of monobutyltin trichloride. The resulting coating appeared to have a light green-blue color for reflected light and a light blue color for transmitted light. The coating properties were measured as described in Example 1. The visible light transmission was a 64% and the SHGC was calculated to be 0.56. The x and y coordinates for the reflected light color were 0.304 and 0.299, respectively, placing the shell in the neutral blue color quadrant of the CIE color space as defined earlier.

Example 45

The procedure of Example 44 was repeated but this time, the TOSb layers were deposited in the reverse order. The resulting coating was bluish-red in reflected light with color coordinates (x) 0.330 and (y) 0.293, respectively. A visible light transmission of 59% and a SHGC of 0.54 was obtained. One of skill in the art will appreciate that the TOSb layers can be of different thicknesses and concentrations than described herein, but still be within the scope of the present invention.

Example 46

The procedure of Example 44 was repeated but in this example the sequence of depositing the fluorine doped tin oxide layer and the 3.25% antimony trichloride solution layers was reversed. The resulting coating had a visible transmission of about 62%, SHGC 0.55, and a neutral bluish red reflected color characterized by color coordinates (x) 0.311 and (y) 0.311.

Example 47

The procedure of Example 45 was repeated but in this example the sequence of depositing the fluorine doped tin oxide layer and the 10.0% antimony trichloride solution layers was reversed. The resulting coating had a visible transmission of about 57%, SHGC 0.53 and a light green reflected color characterized by color coordinates (x) 0.308 and (y) 0.341. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the TOSb layers can be of different thicknesses and concentrations than described herein and still fall within the scope of this invention.

All SHGC and U values ​​in the tables were determined using the single band approach of the NFRC Window 4.1 program. Using a more accurate multiband approach (spectral data necessary) will improve the SHGC by about 14%. The CIE tristimulus coordinates for the reflected and transmitted light colors of the coated articles can be calculated according to ASTM Standard E 308, with the illuminant C used as the reference illumination. From this ASTM Standard E 308, the color of an object can be determined on one of several different scales. The scale used for the coated articles of the invention is the CIE 1931 x and y chromaticity coordinates. These can be easily translated into the CIE 1976 L *, a *, b * opposing color scale using the following equations:

x = X / (X + Y + Z) y = Y / (X + Y + Z)

L * = 1 16 (Y / Yn)^1/3-16 a * = 500 [(X / X_n)^1/3- (Y / Y_n)^1/3] b * = 200 [(Y / Y_n)^1/3- (Z / Z_n)^1/3]

Where X, Y, and Z are the CIE tristimulus coordinates of the coated article and Xn, Yn and Zn are 98.074, 100.000, and 118.232, respectively, for standard illuminant C.

From the values ​​of L *, a *, b * it is possible to calculate the color saturation index, c *, from the equation c * = [(a *)² + (b *)²]^1/2. A color saturation index of 12 or less is considered neutral.

The definition of neutral blue for reflected light, i.e. coated glass having reflected light predominantly in the range of the CIE chromaticity coordinates zx between 0.285 and 0.310 and y between 0.295 and 0.325, as shown in Figure 7 by the rectangle labeled Neutral blue, correlates with the L * values , a *, b * according to CIE 1976 37.85, -1.25, -5.9 and 39.62, -2.25, 1.5.

An example of a conversion is given below:

Example 40 (table 3)

5.5% SbCl3

300/240 (F / Sb / glass)

X = 9.797

Y = 9.404

Z = 12.438 x = 0.310 y = 0.297 L * = 36.751 a * = 4.624 b * = -3.466 c * = 5.778

The solar control properties of the window glass were determined and rated according to the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency using the Energy Star rating scale. An Energy Star rating for the US Central Region requires a U factor of 0.40 or less and a SHGC rating of 0.55 or less. An Energy Star rating for the Southern United States of America requires a U factor rating of 0.75 or less and a SHGC rating of 0.40 or less. Coated glass having an NIR and low e coating according to the present invention mounted on conventional windows achieves an Energy Star rating for the central and / or southern region. For example an English type window measuring 91.44 x 121.92 cm (3 feet wide by 4 feet high) and having a frame with an absorption value of 0.5 according to the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC), of solar control coated glass of the present invention having an NIR coating and a coating with low e in preferred ranges for neutral blue has a SHGC of less than 0.40 and a U-value of less than 0.64 for a monolithic glass structure with a U-value for a 0.7 frame or less, and achieves a SHGC of less than 0.38 and a U-value of less than 0.48 for an Insulated Glass Unit (IGU) structure made of a 2.5 mm clear pane, 12.7 mm (0.5 in) of airspace and NIR and low e coatings on the second outer surface of the pane and frame U values ​​of 1.0 or less.

The examples show that with a minimum of two doped SnO2 layers, an excellent solar control coated glass having a selected reflection color can be produced. Tables 1, 2 and 3 show the data and Figures 5 and 6 show graphically how the solar control properties of the coated glass vary with dopant concentrations and coating thicknesses mainly in the NIR coating. Figure 7 is a plot of the x and y CIE chromaticity coordinates representative of the group of coated glasses of Examples 1 to 39. As can be seen from Figure 7, specific thickness combinations for NIR and low emissivity coatings and specific concentrations of dopant (s) can be used to produce solar control coated glass of any desired color of reflected light from the coated. glass surfaces, such as red, green, yellow, blue, and their shades or neutral blue. It is particularly surprising that a neutral blue color can be obtained with a NIR layer and a low emissivity layer, but without an anti-iridescence layer as discussed by Gordon.

Although the technical effect of the present invention can be achieved by using only two layers, a NIR layer and a low emissivity layer, multi-layer variations are within the scope and content of the invention. The multiple layers can be additional NIR and / or low emissivity layers or other functional or decorative layers. Multilayer variants include TOSb / TOF / TOSb / glass, or TO / TOF / TOSb / glass, or TO / TOSb / TOF / glass, where TO is a tin oxide only coating. When multiple NIR or low emissivity layers are used, the dopant concentrations or dopant selection in each NIR coating or low emissivity coating need not be the same. For example, when two NIR layers are used in combination with at least one low emissivity layer, one NIR layer may be low in antimony (e.g. 2.5%) to produce some intermediate IR reflectance and one layer can have a higher level (&gt; 5%) for NIR absorption. The terms layer and coating are generally used interchangeably herein, in addition to the discussion of the gradient coating shown in Figure 3, where a portion of the coating is described as a layer having a dopant concentration different from that of the other coating layer of the dopant. In the method for producing coated glass according to the present invention, as shown in the examples, the glass is contacted sequentially with a carrier gas containing precursors. Accordingly, the glass may have a coating thereon when it is contacted a second time with a carrier gas containing precursors. Thus, the term contact of the glass refers to direct contact or contact with one or more coatings previously deposited on the glass.

Another embodiment of the invention allows the color of the coated glass to be varied. Transmitted color refers to the color perceived by the observer on the opposite side of the coated glass from the light source being viewed, while reflected color refers to the color perceived by the observer on the same side as the light source being viewed. The transmitted light can be changed with additional impurities of the NIR coating. As previously explained, the NIR layer comprises a dopant selected from the group consisting of antimony, tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt and nickel. The color of the light transmitted through the NIR layer may be changed by an additional dopant other than the first dopant in the NIR layer and selected from the group consisting of tungsten, vanadium, iron, chromium, molybdenum, niobium, cobalt, nickel and fluorine, or a combination of more than one additional NIR layer dopant . As shown in Examples 40-43, the addition of a fluorine precursor such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to a NIR precursor solution such as SbCl3 / MBTC results in a fluorine-containing coating as an additional dopant in the NIR layer of antimony doped tin oxide. When fluorine is present as an additional dopant in the antimony doped tin oxide layer, the transmitted color is gray compared to the blue transmitted color for the antimony doped tin oxide layer without fluorine doped. The additional dopant has little or no effect on the reflected light, and accordingly, coated glass can be produced with reflected light different from its transmitted light.

Dopants in the NIR layer, such as vanadium, nickel, chromium, and non-traditional color additives such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and HCl, can be added to the TO: Sb precursors in an amount of 1-5% by weight (based on the total weight of the precursor and additive) for obtaining changes in the transmitted color in the final coating structure, without significantly affecting the indifference of the reflected color.

PL 196 992 B1

Summary of the properties of the two-layer TOP / TOSb films

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PL 196 992 B1

<img file="PL196992B1_D0001.tif" />

PL 196 992 B1

Table 2

Summary of the properties of TOSb / TOF two-layer coatings

<td>no</td><td> 31</td><td> 32</td><td> 33</td><td> 34</td><td> 35</td><td> 36</td><td> 37</td><td> 38</td>

<td>Composition</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td><td>Sb / F / G</td>

<td>% Sb</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td><td> 5,6</td>

<td>Thick. nm</td><td> 240/300</td><td> 160/300</td><td> 138/300</td><td> 120/300</td><td> 110/300</td><td> 80/300</td><td> 120/332</td><td> 120/262</td>

<td>% Asol</td><td> 47,9</td><td> 36,1</td><td> 29,2</td><td> 27,2</td><td> 25,6</td><td> 23,5</td><td> 28,5</td><td> 26,8</td>

<td>% Tsol</td><td> 45,9</td><td> 55,5</td><td> 61,1</td><td> 63,3</td><td> 64,3</td><td> 65,8</td><td> 62,5</td><td> 63,4</td>

<td>% Rsol, 1</td><td> 6,1</td><td> 8,3</td><td> 9,7</td><td> 9,6</td><td> 10,2</td><td> 10,7</td><td> 9,0</td><td> 9,8</td>

<td>% Rsol, 2</td><td> 8,2</td><td> 9,3</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 9,2</td><td> 9,2</td><td> 9,2</td><td> 9,6</td>

<td>% Tvis</td><td> 53,2</td><td> 63,2</td><td> 67,2</td><td> 69,0</td><td> 69,5</td><td> 71,8</td><td> 69,0</td><td> 68,1</td>

<td>% Rvis, 1</td><td> 6,1</td><td> 7,6</td><td> 9,3</td><td> 9,1</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 10,9</td><td> 7,8</td><td> 9,9</td>

<td>% Rvis, 2</td><td> 7,6</td><td> 8,9</td><td> 10,7</td><td> 10,4</td><td> 10,5</td><td> 10,9</td><td> 8,9</td><td> 11,6</td>

<td>% Tuv</td><td> 38,5</td><td> 43,4</td><td> 47,0</td><td> 48,7</td><td> 49,2</td><td> 49,1</td><td> 47,7</td><td> 49,6</td>

<td>SR,</td><td> 14,7</td><td> 15,9</td><td> 16,5</td><td> 17,4</td><td> 18,8</td><td> 17,3</td><td> 15</td><td> 21,1</td>

<td>Emis-cal</td><td> 0,14</td><td> 0,15</td><td> 0,15</td><td> 0,16</td><td> 0,17</td><td> 0,16</td><td> 0,14</td><td> 0,19</td>

<td>SHGCc</td><td> 0,54</td><td> 0,61</td><td> 0,66</td><td> 0,68</td><td> 0,69</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,67</td><td> 0,68</td>

<td>IG</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,53</td><td> 0,58</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 0,61</td><td> 0,62</td><td> 0,59</td><td> 0,6</td>

<td>Uc</td><td> 0,73</td><td> 0,74</td><td> 0,74</td><td> 0,74</td><td> 0,75</td><td> 0,74</td><td> 0,73</td><td> 0,76</td>

<td>IG</td><td> 0,28</td><td> 0,28</td><td> 0,29</td><td> 0,29</td><td> 0,29</td><td> 0,29</td><td> 0,28</td><td> 0,3</td>

<td>Tvis-c</td><td> 0,53</td><td> 0,63</td><td> 0,67</td><td> 0,69</td><td> 0,69</td><td> 0,72</td><td> 0,69</td><td> 0,68</td>

<td>IG</td><td> 0,48</td><td> 0,57</td><td> 0,61</td><td> 0,63</td><td> 0,63</td><td> 0,65</td><td> 0,63</td><td> 0,62</td>

<td>x</td><td> 0,289</td><td> 0,309</td><td> 0,310</td><td> 0,311</td><td> 0,313</td><td> 0,302</td><td> 0,306</td><td> 0,292</td>

<td>y</td><td> 0,300</td><td> 0,283</td><td> 0,274</td><td> 0,275</td><td> 0,306</td><td> 0,364</td><td> 0,281</td><td> 0,349</td>

<td>% Rvis</td><td> 6,2</td><td> 7,7</td><td> 9,3</td><td> 9,1</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 10,9</td><td> 7,8</td><td> 9,9</td>

<td>The colors reflected</td><td>blue</td><td>blue neutral</td><td>blue green</td><td>blue green</td><td>neutral</td><td>green</td><td>blue- neutral</td><td>green</td>

Explanations for Composition% Sb

Thick. Nm% Asol% Tsol% Rsol, 1% Rsol, 2% Tvis

SR

Emis. Obl SFiGCc of tables 1 and 2

F / Sb / G = Fluorine doped tin oxide / antimony doped tin oxide / glass

Sb / F / G = Antimony doped tin oxide / fluorine doped tin oxide / glass% SbCl3 (antimony trichloride) by weight in MBTC (monobutyltin trichloride) Profile measurement of individual coatings TO: F (fluorine doped tin oxide) and TO: Sb (antimony doped with antimony) tin oxide)% absorbance of sunlight¹ from the side of the coating on the glass (= 100 - (% Tsol +% Rsol, 1)) - 300-2500 nm% sunlight transmittance¹ from the side of the coating on the glass - 300-2500 nm% of solar reflection¹ on the glass side - 300-2500 nm ₁ % sunlight reflectivity¹ on the back of the glass a - 300-2500 nm% transmittance¹ in the visible region of the spectrum from the glass coating side - 380-780 nm

Pane resistance measured with a 4-point Alessi probe ₂

The emissivity calculated from the measured resistance of the sheet (= 1- (1 + 0.0053 * SR)²) Solar heat gain coefficient² for the center of the glass / one pane

PL 196 992 B1

IG Solar heat gain coefficient² for the center of the glass in the IGU³

Uc Total heat transfer coefficient² for the center of the glass / one pane

IG Total heat transfer coefficient² for the center of the glass in the IGU³

Tvis-c Permeability¹ in the visible region of the spectrum for the center of the glass / one pane - 380-780 nm

IG Permeability¹ in the visible region of the spectrum for the center of the IGU glass³ -380-780 nm x, y color coordinates calculated from% Rvis according to ASTM E308-96, illuminating factor C, observer 1931, 10 nm spacing (Table 5.5) - 380-770 nm% Rvis% reflectance in the visible region of the spectrum from the side glass coatings - 380-770 nm (1) weighted by solar spectrum irradiation (ASTM E891-87) using spectral data obtained on a PE Lambda 9 spectrophotometer with a 150 mm integration sphere (2) calculated using Window 4.1 Windows and Daylighting Group , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (3) IGU = Insulated Glass Unit using 2.2mm coated glass sheet (on second face) and 2.5mm clear sheet with 12.7mm (1/2) argon space

Table 3

Summary of the properties of TOSb / TOF two-layer coatings

<td></td><td> 40</td><td> 41</td><td> 42</td><td> 43</td>

<td>Composition</td><td>F / Sb / G</td><td>F / Sb-F / G</td><td>F / Sb / G</td><td>F / Sb-F / G</td>

<td>% SbCl3</td><td> 5,5</td><td> 5,2</td><td> 5,2</td><td> 5,36</td>

<td>% TFA (below)</td><td> 0</td><td> 5</td><td> 0</td><td> 2,5</td>

<td>Thick. nm</td><td> 300/240</td><td> 300/240</td><td> 300/240</td><td> 300/240</td>

<td>% Asol</td><td> 45,5</td><td> 35,7</td><td> 41,8</td><td> 39,1</td>

<td>% Tsol</td><td> 45,0</td><td> 54,2</td><td> 48,2</td><td> 50,6</td>

<td>% Rsol, 1</td><td> 9,5</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 10,0</td><td> 10,3</td>

<td>% Rsol, 2</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 8,9</td><td> 8,4</td><td> 8,7</td>

<td>% Tvis</td><td> 50,9</td><td> 58,5</td><td> 54,5</td><td> 55,6</td>

<td>% Rvis, 1</td><td> 9,4</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 10,4</td><td> 10,3</td>

<td>% Rvis, 2</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 9,0</td><td> 8,5</td><td> 9,0</td>

<td>% Tuv</td><td> 40,1</td><td> 41,1</td><td> 41,6</td><td> 39,8</td>

<td>S. R,</td><td> 11,9</td><td> 13,7</td><td> 11,8</td><td> 12,5</td>

<td>Emis-cal</td><td> 0,12</td><td> 0,13</td><td> 0,11</td><td> 0,12</td>

<td>SHGCc</td><td> 0,53</td><td> 0,60</td><td> 0,55</td><td> 0,57</td>

<td>IG</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,52</td><td> 0,47</td><td> 0,49</td>

<td>Uc</td><td> 0,72</td><td> 0,73</td><td> 0,72</td><td> 0,72</td>

<td>IG</td><td> 0,27</td><td> 0,28</td><td> 0,27</td><td> 0,27</td>

<td>Tvis-c</td><td> 0,51</td><td> 0,59</td><td> 0,55</td><td> 0,56</td>

<td>IG</td><td> 0,46</td><td> 0,53</td><td> 0,50</td><td> 0,51</td>

<td>R1 x</td><td> 0,310</td><td> 0,297</td><td> 0,302</td><td> 0,303</td>

<td>R1 y</td><td> 0,297</td><td> 0,313</td><td> 0,299</td><td> 0,307</td>

<td>% Rvis</td><td> 9,4</td><td> 10,1</td><td> 10,4</td><td> 10,3</td>

<td>Tvis x</td><td> 0,295</td><td> 0,308</td><td> 0,297</td><td> 0,304</td>

<td>Tvis y</td><td> 0,308</td><td> 0,315</td><td> 0,310</td><td> 0,314</td>

PL 196 992 B1