Method and apparatus for stimulation of multiple formation intervals
94 claims: 15 independent, 79 dependent
- 1Sposób perforowania i obróbki licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji przeciętych przez odwiert, znamienny tym, że opuszcza się do odwiertu zespół urządzeń wiertniczych składający się z urządzenia perforującego, mechanizmu uszczelniającego i przynajmniej jednego urządzenia do wyrównywania ciśnienia, po czym za pomocą urządzenia perforującego prowadzi się perforację warstwy jednej formacji lub kilku formacji podziemnych, a następnie włącza się mechanizm uszczelniający tworząc uszczelnienie hydrauliczne w odwiercie, po czym do odwiertu oraz do perforacji wykonanych przez urządzenie perforujące pompuje się płyn roboczy bez wyjmowania urządzenia perforującego z odwiertu, a za pomocą przynajmniej jednego urządzenia do wyrównywania ciśnień wyrównuje się ciśnienie między częściami odwiertu nad i pod mechanizmem uszczelniającym, a następnie zwalnia się mechanizm uszczelniający, po czym dla przynajmniej jednej dodatkowej warstwy powtarza się czynności począwszy od użycia urządzenia perforującego aż do zwolnienia mechanizmu uszczelniającego.
- 2Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że przed perforacją ustawia się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych wewnątrz odwiertu za pomocą urządzenia kontrolującego głębokość.
- 3Sposób według zastrz. 2, znamienny tym, że zespół urządzeń wiertniczych ustawia się wewnątrz odwiertu za pomocą urządzenia kontrolującego głębokość, zwłaszcza za pomocą zestawu obejmującego lokalizator kołnierza rury okładzinowej i powierzchniowy układ pomiarowy
- 4Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że do odwiertu opuszcza się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych przy użyciu środków opuszczających wybranych z grupy obejmującej linę drucianą, linę wyciągową i kabel.
- 5Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że perforacje warstw prowadzi się za pomocą urządzenia perforujące z selektywnym odpalaniem, zawierającym zestawy jednego lub więcej perforujących ładunków kumulacyjnych, przy czym każdym z tych zestawów steruje się indywidualnie i uruchamia się za pomocą elektrycznego lub optycznego sygnału przesyłanego kablem opuszczonym do odwiertu.
- 6Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że perforacje warstw prowadzi się za pomocą urządzenia perforującego, które jest urządzeniem do cięcia strumieniem płynu roboczego pompowanego przez ciąg rur i tworzącym połączenie hydrauliczne między odwiertem a jedną lub kilkoma warstwami jednej lub kilku formacji podziemnych.
- 7Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że płyn roboczy pompuje się przez pierścień między ciągiem rur a odwiertem. PL 196 155 B1
- 8Sposób według zastrz. 7, znamienny tym, że płyn roboczy również pompuje się przez ciąg rur, przez przepusty w zespole urządzeń wiertniczych i do perforacji.
- 9Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że drugi płyn roboczy pompuje się przez ciąg rur, przez przepusty w zespole urządzeń wiertniczych i do perforacji.
- 10Sposób według zastrz. 9, znamienny tym, że jako drugi płyn roboczy stosuje się azot.
- 11Sposób według zastrz. 7, znamienny tym, że jako płyn roboczy stosuje się płyn wybrany z grupy obejmującej roztwór kwasu, rozpuszczalnik organiczny i zawiesinę złożoną z materiału wypełniacza i płynu nośnego.
- 12Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że przed zwolnieniem mechanizmu uszczelniającego do odwiertu wprowadza się przynajmniej jeden czynnik separujący, za pomocą którego blokuje się dalszy przepływ płynu roboczego do perforacji.
- 13Sposób według zastrz. 12, znamienny tym, że jako czynnik separujący dostarczany do odwiertu stosuje się czynnik wybrany z grupy obejmującej stałe cząsteczki, żele, płyny o podwyższonej lepkości, pianki i uszczelniacze kulkowe.
- 14Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że mechanizm uszczelniający uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego łącznikiem z powierzchni.
- 15Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego łącznikiem z powierzchni.
- 16Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego z powierzchni przez odwiert.
- 17Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego ciągiem rur z powierzchni.
- 18Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że przed uruchomieniem mechanizmu uszczelniającego przemieszcza się wewnątrz odwiertu zespół urządzeń wiertniczych.
- 19Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne poniżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 20Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne powyżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 21Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne poniżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 22Sposób perforowania i obróbki licznych warstw jednej lub wielu formacji podziemnych przeciętych przez odwiert, znamienny tym, że opuszcza się do odwiertu zespół urządzeń wiertniczych składający się z przynajmniej jednego urządzenia perforującego i przynajmniej jednego mechanizmu uszczelniającego, po czym za pomocą przynajmniej jednego urządzenia perforującego prowadzi się perforację warstwy, po czym włącza się przynajmniej jeden mechanizm uszczelniający tworząc uszczelnienie hydrauliczne we odwiercie, a następnie do odwiertu i do perforacji wykonanych przez urządzenie perforujące pompuje się płyn roboczy bez wyjmowania urządzenia perforującego z odwiertu, po czym zwalnia się mechanizm uszczelniający, a następnie dla przynajmniej jednej dodatkowej warstwy jednej lub wielu formacji podziemnych powtarza się czynności począwszy od użycia urządzenia perforującego aż do zwolnienia mechanizmu uszczelniającego.
- 23Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że przed perforacją ustawia się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych wewnątrz odwiertu za pomocą urządzenia kontrolującego głębokość.
- 24Sposób według zastrz. 23, znamienny tym, że zespół urządzeń wiertniczych ustawia się wewnątrz odwiertu za pomocą urządzenia kontrolującego głębokość, zwłaszcza za pomocą zestawu obejmującego lokalizator kołnierza rury okładzinowej i powierzchniowy układ pomiarowy
- 25Sposób według zastrz. 22. znamienny tym, że do odwiertu opuszcza się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych przy użyciu środków opuszczających wybranych z grupy obejmującej linę drucianą, linę wyciągową i kabel.
- 26Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że perforacje warstw prowadzi się za pomocą urządzenia perforującego z selektywnym odpalaniem, zawierającym zestawy jednego lub więcej perforujących ładunków kumulacyjnych, przy czym każdym z tych zestawów steruje się indywidualnie i uruchamia się za pomocą elektrycznego lub optycznego sygnału przesyłanego kablem opuszczonym do odwiertu.
- 27Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że perforacje warstw prowadzi się za pomocą urządzenia perforującego, które jest urządzeniem do cięcia strumieniem płynu roboczego pompowa34 PL 196 155 B1 nego przez ciąg rur i tworzącym połączenie hydrauliczne między odwiertem a jedną lub kilkoma warstwami jednej lub kilku formacji podziemnych.
- 28Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że płyn roboczy pompuje się przez pierścień między ciągiem rur a odwiertem.
- 29Sposób według zastrz. 28, znamienny tym, że płyn roboczy również pompuje się przez ciąg rur, przez przepusty w zespole urządzeń wiertniczych i do perforacji.
- 30Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że drugi płyn roboczy pompuje się przez ciąg rur, przez przepusty w zespole urządzeń wiertniczych i do perforacji.
- 31Sposób według zastrz. 30, znamienny tym, że jako drugi płyn roboczy stosuje się azot.
- 32Sposób według zastrz. 28, znamienny tym, że jako płyn roboczy stosuje się płyn wybrany z grupy obejmującej roztwór kwasu, rozpuszczalnik organiczny i zawiesinę złożoną z materiału wypełniacza i płynu nośnego.
- 33Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że przed zwolnieniem mechanizmu uszczelniającego do odwiertu wprowadza się przynajmniej jeden czynnik separujący, za pomocą którego blokuje się dalszy przepływ płynu roboczego do perforacji.
- 34Sposób według zastrz. 33, znamienny tym, że jako czynnik separujący dostarczany do odwiertu stosuje się czynnik wybrany z grupy obejmującej stałe cząsteczki, żele, płyny o podwyższonej lepkości, pianki i uszczelniacze kulkowe.
- 35Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że mechanizm uszczelniający uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego łącznikiem z powierzchni.
- 36Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego łącznikiem z powierzchni.
- 37Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego z powierzchni przez odwiert.
- 38Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego ciągiem rur z powierzchni.
- 39Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że przed uruchomieniem mechanizmu uszczelniającego przemieszcza się wewnątrz odwiertu zespół urządzeń wiertniczych.
- 40Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne poniżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 41Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne powyżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 42Sposób według zastrz. 22, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne poniżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 43Sposób perforowania i obróbki wielu warstw jednej lub wielu podziemnych formacji przeciętych przez odwiert, które to liczne warstwy obejmują najgłębszą warstwę i kolejne płytsze warstwy, znamienny tym, że do odwiertu opuszcza się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych składający się z urządzenia perforującego i mechanizmu uszczelniającego, po czym za pomocą urządzenia perforującego prowadzi się perforację najgłębszej warstwy jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji, następnie do odwiertu i do perforacji wykonanych w tej najgłębszej warstwie pompuje się płyn roboczy bez wyjmowania urządzenia perforującego z odwiertu, po czym ustawia się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych w odwiercie i za pomocą urządzenia perforującego prowadzi się perforację kolejnej, płytszej warstwy, a następnie przemieszcza się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych w odwiercie i uruchamia się mechanizm uszczelniający hydraulicznie izolując perforacje powstałe w tej kolejnej, płytszej, warstwie od perforowanej najgłębszej warstwy, po czym do odwiertu i do perforacji wykonanych w tej warstwie pompuje się płyn roboczy bez wyjmowania urządzenia perforującego z odwiertu, a następnie zwalnia się mechanizm uszczelniający, po czym powtarza się czynności dla przynajmniej jednej, kolejnej, płytszej warstwy począwszy od ustawienia zespołu urządzeń wiertniczych w odwiercie i użycia urządzenia perforującego aż do zwolnienia mechanizmu uszczelniającego, przy czym perforacje wykonane w przynajmniej jednej kolejnej, płytszej warstwie izoluje się hydraulicznie od niższych perforowanych warstw.
- 44Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że przed perforacją ustawia się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych wewnątrz odwiertu za pomocą urządzenia kontrolującego głębokość.
- 45Sposób według zastrz. 44, znamienny tym, że zespół urządzeń wiertniczych ustawia się wewnątrz odwiertu za pomocą urządzenia kontrolującego głębokość, zwłaszcza za pomocą zestawu obejmującego lokalizator kołnierza rury okładzinowej i powierzchniowy układ pomiarowy. PL 196 155 B1
- 46Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że do odwiertu opuszcza się zespół urządzeń wiertniczych przy użyciu środków opuszczających wybranych z grupy obejmującej linę drucianą, linę wyciągową i kabel.
- 47Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że perforacje warstw prowadzi sięza pomocą urządzenia perforujące z selektywnym odpalaniem, zawierającym zestawy jednego lub więcej perforujących ładunków kumulacyjnych, przy czym każdym z tych zestawów steruje się indywidualnie i uruchamia się za pomocą elektrycznego lub optycznego sygnału przesyłanego kablem opuszczonym do odwiertu.
- 48Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że perforacje warstw prowadzi się za pomocą urządzenia perforującego, które jest urządzeniem do cięcia strumieniem płynu roboczego pompowanego przez ciąg rur i tworzącym połączenie hydrauliczne między odwiertem a jedną lub kilkoma warstwami jednej lub kilku formacji podziemnych.
- 49Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że płyn roboczy pompuje się przez pierścień między ciągiem rur a odwiertem.
- 50Sposób według zastrz. 49, znamienny tym, że płyn roboczy również pompuje się przez ciąg rur, przez przepusty w zespole urządzeń wiertniczych i do perforacji.
- 51Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że drugi płyn roboczy pompuje się przez ciąg rur, przez przepusty w zespole urządzeń wiertniczych i do perforacji.
- 52Sposób według zastrz. 51, znamienny tym, że jako drugi płyn roboczy stosuje się azot.
- 53Sposób według zastrz. 49, znamienny tym, że jako płyn roboczy stosuje się płyn wybrany z grupy obejmującej roztwór kwasu, rozpuszczalnik organiczny i zawiesinę złożoną z materiału wypełniacza i płynu nośnego.
- 54Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że przed zwolnieniem mechanizmu uszczelniającego do odwiertu wprowadza się przynajmniej jeden czynnik separujący, za pomocą którego blokuje się dalszy przepływ płynu roboczego do perforacji.
- 55Sposób według zastrz. 54, znamienny tym, że jako czynnik separujący dostarczany do odwiertu stosuje się czynnik wybrany z grupy obejmującej stałe cząsteczki, żele, płyny o podwyższonej lepkości, pianki i uszczelniacze kulkowe.
- 56Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że mechanizm uszczelniający uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego łącznikiem z powierzchni.
- 57Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego łącznikiem z powierzchni.
- 58Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego z powierzchni przez odwiert.
- 59Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że urządzenie perforujące uruchamia się za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego ciągiem rur z powierzchni.
- 60Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że przed uruchomieniem mechanizmu uszczelniającego przemieszcza się wewnątrz odwiertu zespół urządzeń wiertniczych.
- 61Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne poniżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 62Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne powyżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 63Sposób według zastrz. 43, znamienny tym, że za pomocą mechanizmu uszczelniającego tworzy się uszczelnienie hydrauliczne poniżej perforowanej warstwy podziemnej formacji.
- 64Urządzenie do perforowania i obróbki licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji przeciętych przez odwiert, znamienne tym, że posiada opuszczany do odwiertu za pomocą środków opuszczających zespół urządzeń wiertniczych, który składa się z przynajmniej jednego urządzenia perforującego (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) do kolejnego perforowania wspomnianych warstw, przynajmniej jednego mechanizmu uszczelniającego (120;123, 125;316) i przynajmniej jednego urządzenia do wyrównywania ciśnień (116, 122).
- 65Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134,136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest umieszczone poniżej mechanizmu uszczelniającego (120;123, 125;316).
- 66Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że zespół urządzeń wiertniczych w odwiercie jest połączony z lokalizatorem (128, 318) kołnierza rury okładzinowej i powierzchniowym układem pomiarowym. PL 196 155 B1
- 67Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że mechanizmem uszczelniającym (120, 316) jest nastawialny uszczelniacz.
- 68Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że urządzeniem perforującym jest działo perforujące z selektywnym odpalaniem (134, 144, 154), zawierające liczne zestawy jednego lub więcej perforujących ładunków (136, 146, 156), przy czym każdy z tych zestawów jest indywidualnie sterowany i uruchamiany przez elektryczny sygnał przekazywany przez przewód opuszczony do odwiertu.
- 69Urządzenie według zastrz. 68, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136, 142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest uruchamiane za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego odwiertem z powierzchni.
- 70Urządzenie według zastrz. 68, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest uruchamiane za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego ciągiem rur z powierzchni.
- 71Urządzenie według zastrz. 69, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące jest strumieniowym urządzeniem tnącym (310), które wykorzystuje płyn pompowany przez ciąg rur tworząc połączenie hydrauliczne między odwiertem a jedną lub kilkoma warstwami jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji.
- 72Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że środkami opuszczającymi jest ciąg rur.
- 73Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że ciąg rur jest wybrany z grupy obejmującej rozwijany przewód rurowy i ciąg połączonych rur.
- 74Urządzenie według zastrz. 64, znamienne tym, że ciąg rur jest wybrany z grupy obejmującej linę drucianą, linę wyciągową i kabel.
- 75Urządzenie do perforowania i obróbki licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji przeciętych przez odwiert, znamienne tym, że posiada opuszczany do odwiertu za pomocą środków opuszczających zespół urządzeń wiertniczych, który składa się z przynajmniej jednego urządzenia perforującego (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) do kolejnego perforowania wspomnianych licznych warstw i przynajmniej jednego mechanizmu uszczelniającego (120;123, 125;316), przy czym urządzenie perforujące jest umieszczone pod mechanizmem uszczelniającym.
- 76Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest umieszczone poniżej mechanizmu uszczelniającego (120;123, 125;316).
- 77Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że zespół urządzeń wiertniczych w odwiercie jest połączony z lokalizatorem (128, 318) kołnierza rury okładzinowej i powierzchniowy układ pomiarowy.
- 78Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że mechanizmem uszczelniającym (120, 316) jest nastawialny uszczelniacz.
- 79Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że urządzeniem perforującym jest działo perforujące z selektywnym odpalaniem (134, 144, 154), zawierające liczne zestawy jednego lub więcej perforujących ładunków (136, 146, 156), przy czym każdy z tych zestawów jest indywidualnie sterowany i uruchamiany przez elektryczny sygnał przekazywany przez przewód opuszczony do odwiertu.
- 80Urządzenie według zastrz. 79, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest uruchamiane za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego odwiertem z powierzchni.
- 81Urządzenie według zastrz. 79, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136, 142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest uruchamiane za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego ciągiem rur z powierzchni.
- 82Urządzenie według zastrz. 80, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące jest strumieniowym urządzeniem tnącym (310), które wykorzystuje płyn pompowany przez ciąg rur tworząc połączenie hydrauliczne między odwiertem a jedną lub kilkoma warstwami jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji.
- 83Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że środkami opuszczającymi jest ciąg rur.
- 84Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że ciąg rur jest wybrany z grupy obejmującej rozwijany przewód rurowy i ciąg połączonych rur.
- 85Urządzenie według zastrz. 75, znamienne tym, że ciąg rur jest wybrany z grupy obejmującej linę drucianą, linę wyciągową i kabel.
- 86Urządzenie do perforowania i obróbki licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji przeciętych przez odwiert, znamienne tym, że zawiera zespół urządzeń wiertniczych połączony ze środkiem opuszczającym do odwiertu mający przynajmniej jedno urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) do kolejnego perforowania licznych warstw, przynajmniej jeden PL 196 155 B1 mechanizm uszczelniający (120) i przynajmniej jedno urządzenie traktorowe (131, 133), za pomocą którego zespół urządzeń wiertniczych (BHA) jest ustawiany w różnych miejscach w odwiercie, zaś mechanizm uszczelniający (120) tworzy uszczelnienie hydrauliczne w odwiercie i usuwa je umożliwiając przesunięcie zespołu urządzeń wiertniczych (BHA) do innego miejsca wewnątrz odwiertu.
- 87Urządzenie według zastrz. 86, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest umieszczone poniżej mechanizmu uszczelniającego (120;123, 125, 316).
- 88Urządzenie według zastrz. 86, znamienne tym, że zespół urządzeń wiertniczych w odwiercie jest połączony z lokalizatorem (128, 318) kołnierza rury okładzinowej i powierzchniowy układ pomiarowy.
- 89Urządzenie według zastrz. 86, znamienne tym, że mechanizmem uszczelniającym (120, 316) jest nastawialny uszczelniacz.
- 90Urządzenie według zastrz. 86, znamienne tym, że urządzeniem perforującym jest działo perforujące z selektywnym odpalaniem (134, 144, 154), zawierające liczne zestawy jednego lub więcej perforujących ładunków (136, 146, 156), przy czym każdy z tych zestawów jest indywidualnie sterowany i uruchamiany przez elektryczny sygnał przekazywany przez przewód opuszczony do odwiertu.
- 91Urządzenie według zastrz. 90, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest uruchamiane za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego odwiertem z powierzchni.
- 92Urządzenie według zastrz. 90, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) jest uruchamiane za pomocą ciśnienia hydraulicznego przekazywanego ciągiem rur z powierzchni.
- 93Urządzenie według zastrz. 91, znamienne tym, że urządzenie perforujące jest strumieniowym urządzeniem tnącym (310), które wykorzystuje płyn pompowany przez ciąg rur tworząc połączenie hydrauliczne między odwiertem a jedną lub kilkoma warstwami jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji.
- 94Układ stymulacyjny stosowany przy perforowaniu i obróbce licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji, przeciętych przez odwiert, znamienny tym, że składa się z płynu roboczego, środków opuszczających wybranych z grupy obejmującej linę drucianą, linę wyciągową i kabel, opuszczonych do odwiertu, zespołu urządzeń wiertniczych opuszczanych do odwiertu za pomocą tych środków opuszczających, przy czym zespół urządzeń wiertniczych (BHA) ma przynajmniej jedno urządzenie perforujące (132, 134, 136, 142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) do kolejnego perforowania licznych warstw i przynajmniej jeden mechanizm uszczelniający (120, 123, 125, 316), przy czym zespół urządzeń wiertniczych (BHA) jest umieszczony wewnątrz odwiertu umożliwiając uruchomienie urządzenia perforującego (132, 134, 136;142, 144, 146;152, 154, 156) i mechanizmu uszczelniającego (120, 123, 125, 316), przy czym ten ostatni tworzy uszczelnienie hydrauliczne i usuwa je przed przesunięciem zespołu urządzeń wiertniczych (BHA) do innej pozycji w odwiercie.
Independent claims94
289 paragraphs in 9 sections, as filed
Description of the invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore, and a stimulation system used in perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut through a wellbore.
The invention generally relates to the field of perforating and treating subterranean formations to enhance oil and gas recovery therefrom. In particular, the invention provides an apparatus and method for perforating and treating multiple layers without having to remove the devices from the wellbore between steps or steps.
When the hydrocarbon-containing subterranean reservoir formation does not have sufficient permeability or flow capacity for the hydrocarbons to flow to the surface in economical amounts or at optimal rates, hydraulic crushing or chemical stimulation (usually acid) is often used to increase flow efficiency. A well penetrating subterranean formations typically comprises a metal (casing) tube cemented with the original bore. Holes (perforations) are made through the casing and the concrete layer surrounding the casing to allow hydrocarbon flow to the wellbore and, if necessary, to allow the flow of working fluids from the well to the formation.
Hydraulic breaking involves injecting fluids (usually viscous, shear, diluting, non-Newtonian gels or emulsions) into the formation at such high pressures and flow rates that the reservoir rocks fracture and form flat, usually vertical fractures (or a network of fractures), resembling a fracture in the formation. a wooden clearing made as a result of driving a wedge into the log. A granular filler material, for example sand, ceramic spheres, or other material, is injected with the final amount of crushing fluid to keep the fracture open after the pressure is released. The increased efficiency of the outflow from the tank results from the easier flow path between the grains of the material filling the inside of the gap (slots). With chemical stimulation, the effluent efficiency is improved by dissolving materials in the formation or by otherwise changing the properties of the formation.
The application of the hydraulic crushing described above is a routine operation in the petrochemical industry applied to individual mining zones with a total vertical height of subterranean formations up to about 60 meters (200 feet). When multiple or stratified tanks need to be hydraulically crushed, or in the case of a very thick hydrocarbon-containing formation (more than 60 meters thick), alternative treatment techniques are needed to treat the entire mining zone. Means of increasing the extent of treatment are commonly known in petrochemical terminology as "separation" methods.
When multiple hydrocarbon-containing zones are stimulated by hydraulic breaking or are subjected to chemical stimulation, economic and technical gains are obtained by introducing multiple treatment steps that can be inverted (or separated) by various means, including mechanical devices such as bridge plugs, sealants, drill valves, sliding bushings and combinations of baffles and plugs, ball sealants; solid particles such as sand, ceramics, filler, salt, waxes, resins and other compounds, or by alternative fluid systems such as viscous fluids, gels, foams, or fluids otherwise chemically formed or by restricted penetration . These and all other methods and devices designed to temporarily block the flow of fluids into or out of a given group of perforations are hereinafter referred to as "separating agents".
For example, in the case of separation with a mechanical bridge plug, the innermost layer is first perforated and stimulated by crushing, then the layer is usually insulated by a wire rope-lined plug, and the process is repeated on the next higher layer. Given ten layers to be perforated, processing 300 meters (1000 ft) of formation in this manner typically requires ten jobs to be completed in ten days to two weeks, involving not only numerous crushing operations but also numerous perforations and staging plugs. At the end of the machining process, a well cleanup operation is required to remove bridge plugs and prepare the well for production. The main advantage of using bridge plugs or other mechanical separation media is the high probability that the entire mining zone will be treated. The main disadvantages are the high cost of treatment due to the numerous movements into and out of the well, and the risk of complications arising from so many operations in the wellbore. For example, a bridge plug can get wedged in the casing and has to be drilled out at great expense. Another disadvantage is that the required wellbore cleanup operation may damage some of the successfully crushed layers.
An alternative to using bridging plugs is to fill part of the wellbore associated with the just crumbled layer with sand, which is usually referred to as the Pine Island technique. The sand column in the wellbore essentially cuts off the crushed layer and allows the next layer to be perforated and crushed independently. The main advantage is the elimination of the problems and risks associated with bridging plugs. The disadvantage is that the sand plug does not provide a good hydraulic seal and it can be difficult to remove it from the borehole after all stimulations are complete. If the wellbore fluid flow is not strong enough to remove sand from the wellbore, the well may still need to be purged with a drilling rig or expanding tubing. As mentioned previously, additional wellbore operations increase costs, risk of mechanical failure, and risk of damage to the broken layers.
Another method of separation involves the use of solid particles, granules, which are placed in the working fluid to achieve the separation. When fluid is pumped and particles enter the perforation, a temporary blockage is created in the area treated by the fluid if the stream contains a sufficiently high concentration of particles. The flow restriction diverts the fluid to other zones. After treatment, the particles are removed by the fluids produced in the formation or by the injected rinsing fluid either by fluid transfer or by dissolution. Commonly available separating particulate materials are: benzoic acid, naphthalene, rock salt (sodium chloride), resin materials, waxes and polymers. Alternatively, sand, filler and ceramics can be used as particle separators. Other specialty particles can be developed to precipitate and form during processing.
Another method of separation involves the use of viscous fluids, viscous gels or foams as the separation agents. The method includes pumping separation fluid across and / or into the perforated layer. Such fluid systems are formed to temporarily stop flow into perforation due to the viscosity of the fluids, or to reduce the relative permeability of the formation, and are designed such that at a predetermined point in time the fluid system decomposes, degrades, or dissolves (with or without the addition of chemicals or other additives). to induce such decomposition or dissolution) so that flow can be resumed towards or from the perforation. Such fluid systems can be used to separate the chemically stimulated layers from the crushing stimulated layers. Particulate separators and / or ball seals are sometimes incorporated into such fluid systems to increase separation efficiency.
Another possible process is separation by limiting the extent of the perforation, in which the entire extraction zone of the formation being treated is perforated with a very small number of perforations, generally of small diameter, such that the pressure drop in these perforations during pumping favors high internal wellbore pressure. The internal pressure of the wellbore is high enough to cause all the perforated layers to crumble simultaneously. If the pressure is too low, only the weakest parts of the formation will be crushed. The main advantage of a limited reach separation is that there are no obstructions inside the casing, such as plugs or sand, which can later become problematic. The disadvantage is that limited extent crushing is often not effective for thick layers as the resulting deformations are often too narrow (the filler cannot be pumped into the narrow fracture and remains in the wellbore) and the initial high well pressure may decrease. When sandy material is pumped, the diameters of the perforations are often rapidly enlarged to a larger size which reduces the pressure within the wellbore. As a result, only part of the extraction zone may be stimulated. An additional problem is the possibility of limiting the flow capacity to the wellbore due to the small number of perforations.
Some problems arising from the lack of stimulation of the entire production zone or the use of mechanical methods that require multiple well operations and multiple well entrances, which increase the risk and cost as described above, can be reduced by using limited, concentrated perforated layers separated by seals ball bearings. The area to be treated can be divided into sub-zones by perforations made approximately in the middle of each sub-zone, or the sub-zone can be selected based on the analysis of the formation in order to
With an appropriate arrangement of the crushing points. Subsequently, in the crushing stages, fluid is pumped with the separation being performed by ball seals provided at the end of each stage. In particular, a formation with a total height of 300 meters (1000 feet) can be divided into ten subzones of approximately 30 meters (approximately 100 feet) each. Ten perforations with a concentration of three shots per meter (one shot per foot) of the casing may be shot through the center of each sub-zone 30 meters (100 feet) long. Thereafter, in the crushing step, the filled fluid is pumped, followed by ten or more ball seals, at least one for each open perforation in one group of perforations or in a layer. The process is repeated until all perforation groups have been processed. Such a system is described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,890,536, filed on April 6, 1999.
All zones that need to be treated in a given operation using ball seals as a release medium are perforated before pumping working fluids and ball seals are used to move the working fluids away from the already treated areas or to otherwise direct the largest fluid stream to other zones, drawing in less or no fluid before releasing the ball seals. The treatment and sealing is theoretically continued zone by zone depending on relative crushing pressure or permeability, but there are often problems with balls prematurely settling in one or more open perforations beyond the intended layer and two or more zones are processed simultaneously. Moreover, this technique envisages that each perforated layer or sub-zone will break and crumble with a sufficient pressure difference such that each treatment step will only include one set of perforations.
The main advantages of separating with ball seals are low cost and low risk of mechanical problems. The costs are low as the process can usually be completed in one continuous operation, usually in just a few hours one day. Only the ball seals are left in the borehole to either flow with the extracted hydrocarbons or sink to the bottom of the well into an area known as a mouse mink or debris hole.
The main disadvantage is that it is not possible to be sure that only one set of perforations is crushed at a time and that the correct number of ball seals is recessed at the end of each processing step. In fact, the optimal course of the process is that at a given crushing step in the formation only one set of perforations is processed, while all other open perforations remain substantially intact during that step. Another disadvantage is that it is not possible to be sure that all the perforated layers have been processed and in what order the layers are processed during the process. When the sequence of the treated zones is unknown or controlled, it is not possible to ensure that each zone is modified or that a given treatment step has been optimally designed for the zone to be treated. In some cases, it may not be possible to control the treatment so that individual zones are treated in single steps.
In order to reduce some of the disadvantages that may occur during stimulation when multiple zones are perforated prior to pumping working fluids, an alternative mechanical separation method has been developed which includes the use of a pacing system with an expandable tubing to successively stimulate multiple layers in separate treatments. As with traditional ball seal separation, all modified layers are perforated prior to pumping stimulating fluid. The uncoil tubing is then introduced into the borehole with a mechanical separation tool in the form of a two-piece sealant attached at the end. Such a separating tool, when properly positioned and actuated in front of the perforations, makes it possible to obtain hydraulic insulation above and below the separating tool. After placing and activating the separating tool to isolate the deepest set of perforations, stimulation fluid is pumped into the retractable tubing and flows through the flow openings in the separation tool between the upper and lower sealing portions. Upon completion of the first processing step, the sealing portions positioned in the separating tool are turned off and retracted, and the unwound tubing is pulled up to position the separating tool in front of the second deepest set of perforations and the process continues until all provided layers have been stimulated or processed. will be interrupted due to equipment malfunction.
The retractable tubing stimulation device and method were used to hydraulically crush multiple zones in wells down to about 2,438.4 m (8,000 ft) deep. JedPL 196 155 B1 will cause various technical problems, including loss of pressure due to friction, damage to sealing portions, depth control, speed and potential erosion of the retractable tubing, currently limit the possibility of lowering the apparatus into deeper wells.
Excessive pressure drop due to friction arises when pumping stimulating fluids, especially those containing filler and / or high viscosity fluids, with high flow through longer lengths of the uncoil tubing. Depending on the length and diameter of the tube being developed, the viscosity of the fluid, and the maximum allowable working load for the surface equipment, the pumping speed may be limited to just a few barrels per minute which, depending on the characteristics of the particular subterranean formation, may not allow the filler to be placed efficiently during hydraulic crushing or to efficiently dissolve formation materials during acid stimulation.
Erosion of the retractable tubing can also become a problem when fluid containing filler is pumped into the retractable tubing at a high speed, also into parts of the retractable tubing that are still spool on the surface. Erosion problems increase when the filler fluid hits a "continuous bend" associated with the portion of the unwound wire on the spool on the surface.
Most sealing elements (e.g., "cup" technology) currently used in the retractable tube stimulation operations described above can become leaky in deeper wells as the seals pass by a large number of high temperature wall perforations found in deep wells. wells. Since the seals fly through contact with or at a minimum distance from the pipe wall, uneven internal pipe surfaces and / or burrs in the perforations can damage the sealing elements. The seals currently found in separating tools of the two-piece separator type are also made of elastomers which may not withstand the high temperatures often found in deep wells.
The sliding speeds of current cup seal systems are generally in the order of 468.5 m / min to 137.1 m / min (15 to 30 ft / min) in the downward motion and in the order of 137.1 m / min to 274.3 m / min. min (30 to 60 feet per minute) in the upward movement of the bore. For example, at a lower operating speed, it takes approximately 13 hours to reach a depth of 3,657.6 m (12,000 ft) before stimulation begins. Taking into account the safety measures taken in overnight operations, as a result of the slow operating speed, it takes many days to complete all stimulation. If problems arise during operation, moving the equipment in and out of the borehole is very costly due to the total operation time resulting from the low operating speeds.
Controlling the exiting depth of the pull-out conduit system and a two-piece separator type separation tool also becomes more difficult with increasing depth so that it may be difficult to position the tool at the correct depth to successfully perform the stimulation operation. This problem is exacerbated by the shooting of the perforation prior to introducing the expandable tubing into the opening. The perforation operation uses a different depth measuring device (typically a casing flange locator system) than that normally used in an expandable conduit system.
Furthermore, the pull-out tubing method described above requires that all perforations be made in the wellbore in a separate perforation operation and before stimulating fluid is pumped. The presence of multiple sets of perforations open over the separating tool can cause operational difficulties. For example, if a slot with filler from the current zone increases in height and / or behind the pipe is of poor quality concrete, the slot may face a group of perforations above the separation tool so that the filler may "spill" back into the wellbore above the separation tool. and prevent further movement of the tool. It is also difficult to perform circulation operations if multiple groups of perforation are open above the separating tool. For example, if the circulation pressure exceeds the breakdown pressure associated with the perforations open above the separating tool, circulation may not be maintained and the circulation fluid will be undesirably lost in the formation.
A similar stimulation operation can also be performed using bonded pipes and a well drilling tower instead of a pull-out tubing system. The use of a separation tool that is lowered on the pipes to be joined allows the use of larger diameter pipes to reduce the pressure drop due to friction and allows for increased pumping speed. Also, problems related to erosion and pipe integrity may be less than at 6
In the case of the pull-out tubing, since it is possible to use joint pipes with a greater wall thickness and the pipes to be joined will not be exposed to plastic deformation during movement in the wellbore. However, using this method increases the time and costs associated with the operations due to the fact that operating speeds are lower than those achievable with retractable conduits.
In order to overcome some of the constraints associated with carrying out operations that require multiple travels of equipment into and out of a wellbore to perforate and stimulate subterranean formations, methods have been developed to lower the tool string once into the wellbore to perform zoning stimulation in combination with perforation. In particular, the methods include operations that can minimize the number of wellbore movements and the time required to perform these operations, thereby reducing the cost of performing stimulation.
These operations include 1) introducing a sand slurry into the borehole while perforating with excess pressure, 2) pouring sand out of the bucket while firing the perforating charges, and 3) placing the sand in a separate explosive-release container. These operations allow only minimal fracture penetration around the wellbore and cannot be adapted to the needs of the multi-stage hydraulic crushing described herein.
Accordingly, there is a need to improve a method and apparatus for individually treating each of the plurality of layers of subterranean formation cut by the wellbore while maintaining the economic benefits of a multi-step treatment.
There is also a need for a method and apparatus that can economically reduce the risks associated with current methods of stimulating hydrocarbon-containing formations with multiple or layered reservoirs or with a thickness in excess of 60 meters (200 ft) while ensuring that optimal machining positioning is achieved. separating, which properly directs the processing in the subsequent stages to the appropriate places.
The object of the invention is a method for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore.
The object of the invention is an apparatus for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore.
The object of the invention is a stimulus system used in the perforation and treatment of multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore.
The method of perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a well according to the invention is to lower a set of drilling devices into the wellbore consisting of a perforating device, a sealing mechanism and at least one pressure equalization device, and then by means of a perforation device a layer of one or several subterranean formations is perforated, the sealing mechanism is then actuated to form a hydraulic seal in the wellbore, working fluid is pumped into the wellbore and the perforations made by the perforating device without removing the perforating device from the wellbore, and the pressure between the portions of the well is equalized over the wellbore by at least one pressure equalization device. and under the sealing mechanism, then the sealing mechanism is released, the operation is then repeated for at least one additional layer, from the use of the perforating device until the release of the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the drill rig is positioned within the borehole prior to perforation by means of a depth control device.
Preferably, the drill rig is positioned within the wellbore by a depth control device, in particular by a kit comprising a casing collar locator and a surface metering system.
Preferably, the drilling rig is lowered into the wellbore using lowering means selected from the group consisting of wire rope, hoist, and cable.
Preferably, the perforations of the layers are carried out by a selective firing perforator comprising sets of one or more perforating shaped charges, each set individually controlled and actuated by an electrical or optical signal transmitted via a cable lowered into the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforations of the layers are carried out by means of a perforation device which is a cutting device for cutting a stream of working fluid pumped through the string of pipes and forming a hydraulic connection between the wellbore and one or more layers of one or more subterranean formation.
Preferably, the working fluid is pumped through the ring between the string of pipes and the wellbore.
PL 196 155 B1
Preferably, the working fluid is also pumped through the pipe string, through passages in the boring rig and into the perforation.
Preferably, the second working fluid is pumped through the pipe string, through passages in the drill string and into the perforation.
Preferably, nitrogen is used as the second working fluid.
Preferably, the working fluid is a fluid selected from the group consisting of an acid solution, an organic solvent, and a suspension consisting of a filler material and a carrier fluid.
Preferably, at least one separating medium is introduced into the wellbore before the sealing mechanism is released, by means of which the further flow of the working fluid into the perforation is blocked.
Preferably, as the separating agent supplied to the wellbore, an agent selected from the group consisting of solid particles, gels, viscous fluids, foams and ball sealants is used.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted via a connector from the surface.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by a hydraulic pressure transmitted via a connector from the surface.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is actuated by means of hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface via a pipeline.
Preferably, a set of drilling rigs is moved within the wellbore prior to actuation of the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal above the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
The method of the invention for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore consists in lowering a drilling rig consisting of at least one perforating device and at least one sealing mechanism into the wellbore, followed by at least one perforating device. the layer is perforated, whereupon at least one sealing mechanism is activated to form a hydraulic seal in the wellbore, then working fluid is pumped into the wellbore and into the perforations made by the perforating device without removing the perforating device from the wellbore, the sealing mechanism is then released, and then for at least one additional layer of one or more underground formations, activities are repeated, starting with the use of the perforating device until the release of the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the drill rig is positioned within the borehole prior to perforation by means of a depth control device.
Preferably, the drill rig is positioned within the wellbore by a depth control device, in particular by a kit comprising a casing collar locator and a surface metering system.
Preferably, the drilling rig is lowered into the wellbore using lowering means selected from the group consisting of wire rope, hoist, and cable.
Preferably, the perforations of the layers are carried out by means of a selective firing perforation device comprising sets of one or more perforating shaped charges, each of the sets being individually controlled and actuated by an electrical or optical signal transmitted via the cable lowered into the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforations of the layers are carried out by means of a perforation device which is a cutting device for cutting with a stream of working fluid pumped through the string of pipes and forming a hydraulic connection between the wellbore and one or more layers of one or more subterranean formation.
Preferably, the working fluid is pumped through the ring between the string of pipes and the wellbore.
Preferably, the working fluid is also pumped through the pipe string, through passages in the boring rig and into the perforation.
PL 196 155 B1
Preferably, the second working fluid is pumped through the pipe string, through passages in the drill string and into the perforation.
Preferably, nitrogen is used as the second working fluid.
Preferably, the working fluid is a fluid selected from the group consisting of an acid solution, an organic solvent, and a suspension consisting of a filler material and a carrier fluid.
Preferably, at least one separating medium is introduced into the wellbore before the sealing mechanism is released, by means of which the further flow of the working fluid into the perforation is blocked.
Preferably, as the separating agent supplied to the wellbore, an agent selected from the group consisting of solid particles, gels, viscous fluids, foams and ball sealants is used.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted via a connector from the surface.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by a hydraulic pressure transmitted via a connector from the surface.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is actuated by means of hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface via a pipeline.
Preferably, a set of drilling rigs is moved within the wellbore prior to actuation of the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal above the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
The method of perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations intersected by a wellbore, the multiple layers including the innermost layer and successive shallower layers, according to the invention is that a set of drilling devices consisting of a perforating device and a sealing mechanism is lowered into the wellbore. then perforation of the innermost layer of one or more subterranean formations is carried out by means of a perforation device, the working fluid is then pumped into the borehole and into the perforations made in this innermost layer, without removing the perforating device from the wellbore, after which the assembly of drilling equipment is positioned in the wellbore and the next, shallower layer is perforated with the perforating device, and then the assembly of equipment is moved drilling in the well and the sealing mechanism is actuated hydraulically, isolating the perforations formed in the next one, the shallower layer from the innermost perforated layer, then the working fluid is pumped into the well and the perforations made in this layer without removing the perforating device from the well, and then the sealing mechanism is released, and the operations are repeated for at least one more, from a shallower layer starting with the positioning of the drilling rigs in the wellbore and the use of the perforating device until the release of the sealing mechanism, the perforations made in at least one further, shallower layer being hydraulically insulated from the lower perforated layers.
Preferably, the drill rig is positioned within the borehole prior to perforation by means of a depth control device.
Preferably, the drill rig is positioned within the wellbore by a depth control device, in particular by a kit including a casing collar locator and a surface metering system.
Preferably, the drilling rig is lowered into the wellbore using lowering means selected from the group consisting of wire rope, hoist, and cable.
Preferably, the perforations of the layers are carried out by means of a selective firing perforation device comprising sets of one or more perforating shaped charges, each of the sets being individually controlled and actuated by an electrical or optical signal transmitted via the cable lowered into the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforations of the layers are carried out by means of a perforation device which is a cutting device for cutting with a stream of working fluid pumped through the string of pipes and forming a hydraulic connection between the wellbore and one or more layers of one or more subterranean formation.
PL 196 155 B1
Preferably, the working fluid is pumped through the ring between the string of pipes and the wellbore.
Preferably, the working fluid is also pumped through the pipe string, through passages in the boring rig and into the perforation.
Preferably, the second working fluid is pumped through the pipe string, through passages in the drill string and into the perforation.
Preferably, nitrogen is used as the second working fluid.
Preferably, the working fluid is a fluid selected from the group consisting of an acid solution, an organic solvent, and a suspension consisting of a filler material and a carrier fluid.
Preferably, at least one separating medium is introduced into the wellbore before the sealing mechanism is released, by means of which the further flow of the working fluid into the perforation is blocked.
Preferably, as the separating agent supplied to the wellbore, an agent selected from the group consisting of solid particles, gels, viscous fluids, foams and ball sealants is used.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted via a connector from the surface.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by a hydraulic pressure transmitted via a connector from the surface.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is actuated by means of hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface via a pipeline.
Preferably, a set of drilling rigs is moved within the wellbore prior to actuation of the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal above the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer of the subterranean formation.
The device for perforating and processing a plurality of layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore according to the invention is characterized in that it is lowered into the wellbore by means of leaving a drilling rig, which consists of at least one perforating device for successively perforating said layers, of at least one a sealing mechanism and at least one pressure equalization device.
Preferably, the perforation device is positioned below the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the plurality of downhole rigs is coupled to a casing collar locator and a surface sensing system.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism is an adjustable seal.
Preferably, the perforating device is a selective firing perforating gun containing a plurality of sets of one or more perforating charges, each of the sets being individually controlled and actuated by an electrical signal transmitted through a conduit lowered into the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the pipelines.
Preferably, the perforation device is a jet cutting device that uses fluid pumped through a string of pipes to form a hydraulic connection between the wellbore and one or more layers of one or more subterranean formations.
Preferably, the lowering means is a string of pipes.
Preferably, the string of pipes is selected from the group consisting of expandable conduit and string of connected pipes.
Preferably, the string of pipes is selected from the group consisting of wire rope, hauling rope and cable.
The apparatus for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore according to the invention is characterized in that it is lowered into the wellbore by means of leaving the drilling rig, which consists of
At least one perforating device for successively perforating said plurality of layers and at least one sealing mechanism, the perforating device being positioned beneath the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the perforation device is positioned below the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the plurality of downhole rigs is coupled to a casing collar locator and a surface sensing system.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism is an adjustable seal.
Preferably the perforating device is a selective firing perforating gun containing a plurality of sets of one or more perforating charges, each of the sets being individually controlled and actuated by an electrical signal transmitted through a conduit lowered into the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the pipelines.
Preferably, the perforation device is a jet cutting device that uses fluid pumped through a string of pipes to form a hydraulic connection between the wellbore and one or more layers of one or more subterranean formations.
Preferably, the lowering means is a string of pipes.
Preferably, the string of pipes is selected from the group consisting of expandable conduit and string of connected pipes.
Preferably, the string of pipes is selected from the group consisting of wire rope, hauling rope and cable.
The apparatus for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of drilling devices connected to a downhole means having at least one perforating device for successively perforating the plurality of layers, at least one sealing mechanism and at least one tractor device, by which the drill rig is positioned at various locations in the wellbore and the sealing mechanism forms a hydraulic seal in the wellbore and removes it allowing the drill rig to be moved to another location within the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is positioned below the sealing mechanism.
Preferably, the plurality of downhole rigs is coupled to a casing collar locator and a surface sensing system.
Preferably, the sealing mechanism is an adjustable seal.
Preferably, the perforating device is a selective firing perforating gun containing a plurality of sets of one or more perforating charges, each of the sets being individually controlled and actuated by an electrical signal transmitted through a conduit lowered into the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforating device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the wellbore.
Preferably, the perforation device is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted from the surface through the pipelines.
Preferably, the perforation device is a jet cutting device that uses fluid pumped through a string of pipes to form a hydraulic connection between the wellbore and one or more layers of one or more subterranean formations.
The stimulation system used in perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore according to the invention is characterized in that it consists of a working fluid, lowering means selected from the group consisting of wire rope, hoist rope and cable, lowered into the wellbore. the assembly of drilling rigs lowered into the borehole by these lowering means, the plurality of drilling rigs has at least one perforating device for successively perforating a plurality of layers and at least one sealing mechanism, the plurality of drilling rigs being disposed within the wellbore to actuate the perforating device and the sealing mechanism, the latter forming a hydraulic seal and removing them before the assembly is moved drilling equipment to a different position in the well.
PL 196 155 B1
The present invention provides an apparatus and method for perforating and processing multiple layers of one or more subterranean formations cut by a wellbore.
The apparatus comprises a lowering means (e.g., a retractable tubing, couplings, an electric cable, a wire rope, a drill tractor, etc.) with a drill rig ("BHA") comprising at least a perforating device and an adjustable, mechanical sealing mechanism that can be independently actuated by one or more signaling means (e.g. wire rope electronic signals; hydraulic signals transmitted through pipes, ring, fittings; compressive or tensile loads; radio transmission; fiber optic transmission; BHA on-board computers etc.).
The method comprises lowering the BHA into a wellbore using a drop means, the dropping means may be a pipe string, a cable, or a drill tractor. A perforation device is positioned adjacent to the layer to be perforated and is used to perforate the layer. The BHA is positioned within the wellbore by lowering means and then a sealing mechanism is actuated to obtain a hydraulic seal so as to properly direct the fluid pumped into the wellbore towards the perforated layer. The sealing mechanism is then released. The process can be repeated without removing BHA from the wellbore for at least one additional layer of one or more subterranean formations.
The lowering means may be a pipe string including unwound tubing or standard bonded pipes, wire rope, hoist rope or cable. Instead of lowering with pipes or cable, lowering means in the form of a tractor system attached to the BHA can also be used. The tractor system may be self-propelled, computer controlled, and include on-board signaling systems such that it is not necessary to attach a cable or pipes to control and actuate the BHA and / or the tractor system. Alternatively, the tractor system may be controlled and driven via a cable or a conduit such that the tractor system and the BHA are controlled and actuated by signals transmitted to the wellbore using the connectors. Many different embodiments of the invention can be developed depending on the support means and the specific components of the BHA.
In a first embodiment of the invention, when the leaving means is a pipe string, after the perforation of the BHA layer, the sealing mechanism can be displaced and the sealing mechanism activated to obtain a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer. The working fluid can then be pumped through the ring between the pipe string and the wellbore and directed into the perforated layer. The second working fluid, for example nitrogen, can also be pumped through the string of pipes at the same time as the first working fluid is pumped through the ring between the string and the wellbore.
In a second embodiment, when the leaving means is a pipe string, after the BHA layer is perforated, it may be moved and the sealing mechanism may be actuated to form a hydraulic seal over the perforated layer. The working fluid can then be pumped through the pipe string into the perforated layer.
In a third embodiment, when the means being dropped are a string of pipes, the BHA may be moved and the sealing mechanism may be actuated to form a hydraulic seal above and below the perforated layer (in this case, the sealing mechanism comprises two sealing members sufficiently spaced from each other to cover the perforated layer). In a third embodiment, the working fluid may be pumped through the pipe string, through an orifice positioned between the two sealing members of the sealing mechanism and into the perforated layer.
In a fourth embodiment of the invention, when the BHA is lowered into a wellbore using a wire rope, hoist rope, or cable, the BHA can be moved and the sealing mechanism activated to obtain a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer to be treated and the working fluid. is pumped through the ring between the wire rope, hoist rope or cable and the wellbore.
In a fifth embodiment of the invention, the "coupler" is omitted as an additional means for actuating the BHA components. In the most general sense, the coupler may be a small diameter pipe or a plurality of pipes for hydraulic communication with the BHA components and / or be in the form of a cable or multiple cables to provide electrical or electro-optical communication with the components of the BHA.
PL 196 155 B1
In a sixth embodiment of the invention, when the lowering means is a tractor system attached to the BHA, the BHA is movable and the sealing mechanism is actuated to form a hydraulic seal beneath the perforated layer. The working fluid can be pumped into the wellbore and into the perforated layer.
In a seventh embodiment of the invention, the abrasive fluid cutting technology is used to create the perforation, and the BHA is supported by the pipes so that the BHA can be moved and the sealing mechanism can be actuated to form a hydraulic seal beneath the perforated layer. The working fluid is then pumped through the ring between the pipe and the wellbore.
One of the major advantages of this device and method is that the BHA, including the sealing mechanism and the perforating device, does not need to be removed from the wellbore prior to treatment with the working fluid and between treatments of multiple zones or layers of the formation. Another advantage of the apparatus and method is that each treatment step is separated using a mechanical separating agent so that a precise control of the treatment separation process is obtained and each zone can be optimally stimulated. As a result, significant savings are obtained in reducing the time required to perforate and process multiple layers in the wellbore. In addition, there is an improvement in efficiency associated with the use of a mechanical separation agent to achieve finely controlled processing separation while stimulating multiple formation layers in the wellbore. Thereby, the innovative method and apparatus provides significant economic advantages over existing methods and apparatus, since the innovative method and apparatus allows multiple zones to be perforated and stimulated with one entry into a wellbore followed by the withdrawal of a set of drilling equipment which both act as a mechanical factor. separating and perforating device.
The subject matter of the application is illustrated in an embodiment in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows one possible, representative configuration of a wellbore with peripheral devices that may be used to support the assembly of drilling equipment used in the present invention; fig. 1 also shows auxiliary storage boreholes for drilling rigs assemblies with surface gate valves that can be used to store backup or replacement assemblies, Fig. 2A shows a first embodiment of a drilling rig lowered with a pull-out tubing into a non-perforated borehole and set to a depth at which to perforate through the first set of selectively used perforating charges, and in FIG. 2A also shows a drill rig, which includes a perforator, an inflatable, adjustable sealer, an adjustable axial brake, and ancillary devices, FIG. 2B shows the drill rig, pull-out tubing, and the wellbore of FIG. 2A after firing the first set of selectively fired perforating charges which created perforation holes in the casing and concrete casing and in the first formation zone so that a hydraulic connection was established between the wellbore and the first formation zone, Fig. 2C shows a set of drilling rigs, an unwound tubing and the borehole of Fig. 2B after displacement of the device assembly and stimulation of the first formation zone with the first step of multistage hydraulic filler treatment, wherein in the first step of crushing, fluid is pumped into the wellbore through the ring between the expandable tubing and the casing, further in Fig. 2C, the sealing mechanism is shown in the inactive position because for illustration only it is assumed that there are no perforations other than those related to the first zone and in this situation no insulation is needed to process the first zone. the well of Fig. 2C, after repositioning the set of devices and firing a second set of selectively fired perforating charges that created perforation holes in the casing and concrete casing and in the second formation zone so that a hydraulic connection was established between the wellbore and the second formation zone, Figure 3B shows the device assembly. BHA drill rigs, pull-down tubing, and the well of Fig. 3A after the set of devices has been moved a sufficient distance below the deepest perforation from the second set of perforations to allow the BHA to be moved slightly higher to position the adjustable axial brake device, while keeping the position of the circulation passage below the lowest perforation in the second set of perforations, Figure 3C shows the set of drilling devices. the pull-out tubing and the borehole of Fig. 3B upon actuation of the adjustable mechanical braking device to provide resistance to axial downward movement, the pumped adjustable seal and the adjustable mechanical braking device being positioned between the perforations of the first and second zones, Fig. 3D shows an assembly of drilling rigs. , the expandable tubing and the wellbore of Fig. 3C after the pumped adjustable sealant has been actuated to create a flow barrier between the portion of a wellbore located immediately above the inflatable adjustable sealant and the portion of the wellbore immediately below the inflatable adjustable sealant, Figure 3E shows the drill rig, expandable tubing, and wellbore of Figure 3C. 3D after stimulation of the second formation zone in the second stage of a multi-stage hydraulic crushing with filler, the fluid in the second crushing stage being pumped into the wellbore through the ring between the pull-out tubing and casing, Fig. 3F shows the drill rig, pull-out tubing and wellbore from fig. 3E after the pumped adjustable sealant has been released and pressure communication has been reestablished between the portion of the wellbore directly above the pumped adjustable sealant and the portion of the wellbore immediately below the pumped adjustable sealant.
The adjustable mechanical braking device is still energized and still prevents the pull-out tubing and the drill rig assembly from moving down the wellbore. Figure 4A shows a modified drill rig similar to the assembly shown in Figures 2A through 2C and from 3A to 3F but with the addition of a mechanical stopper, set by means of a firing system selectively fired charges, located under the string of perforating guns, and also Fig. 4A also shows the expandable tubing and borehole of Fig. 3F after the additional, third perforation and stimulating crushing operation have been performed, furthermore in Fig. 4A it can be seen that only the second and third slots and groups of perforation are shown in Fig. 4A, the modified drill rig is shown suspended from the unwound conduit such that the plug is positioned above the last perforated layer and below the next layer yet to be perforated. Fig. 4B shows the drill rig, uncoil tubing, and the wellbore of Fig. 4A after the mechanical stopper has been positioned by the selective firing system in the well and after the set of drilling devices has been moved and after the first set of selective firing charges have been fired, resulting in perforation holes in the casing and concrete casing and in the fourth formation zone so that it is produced hydraulic connection between the well and the fourth formation zone, fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of the invention where the leaving means is a string of pipes and, after the layer is perforated, the BHA is moved and the sealing mechanism can be actuated to form a hydraulic seal over the perforated layer. The working fluid is then pumped along the pipe string into the perforated layer, Fig. 6 depicts a third embodiment of the invention where the leaving means is a pipe string and the BHA is moved and the sealing mechanism can be actuated to form a hydraulic seal above and below the perforated layer (the sealing mechanism comprising two sealing members spaced a suitable distance from each other) so that they cover the perforated layer).
In a third embodiment, the working fluid can be pumped through the pipe string, through an orifice positioned between the two sealing members of the sealing mechanism and into the perforated layer. Fig. 7 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention. The BHA is supported in the wellbore by a wire rope (or hoist or cable). The BHA is moved and the sealing mechanism is actuated to form a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer to be treated and the working fluid is pumped through the ring between the wire rope, hoist rope or cable and the wellbore, Fig. 8A and 8B show a fifth embodiment of the invention where connecting pipes are used lowered inside the pipes used as lowering means to actuate the adjustable sealing mechanism, Fig. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention which uses a tractor system attached to a BHA so that the BHA can be moved and the sealing mechanism actuated to form a hydraulic seal below the perforated layer.
The working fluid may be pumped into the borehole and into the perforated layer. Fig. 10 shows a seventh embodiment of the invention in which the perforating apparatus employs abrasive fluid cutting technology. The BHA is supported in the wellbore using coupled tubing and includes a mechanical pressure-actuated adjustable sealant, an abrasive or erosive fluid jet perforation device, a mechanical casing flange locator, and ancillary devices.
PL 196 155 B1
In this embodiment, the perforations are created by pumping the abrasive fluid through the connected pipes and out of the BHA jet cutting device such that a high pressure and high velocity abrasive or erosive fluid jet is generated and used to penetrate the casing and surrounding it. concrete cover to obtain a hydraulic connection to the desired formation layer. After the displaceable packer is positioned below the zone to be stimulated, stimulation fluid may then be pumped through the ring between the string of casing and the string of casing.
The present invention will be described based on the preferred embodiments. However, insofar as the following description relates to a specific embodiment or application of the invention, it should be considered as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, the description should cover all changes, modifications, and equivalents that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
The present invention provides a new method, a new system and a new device for perforating and stimulating multiple layers of formation whereby each zone is treated in an individual treatment step while eliminating or minimizing the problems that are associated with current methods using expandable tubing or bonded tubing. and thus provides significant economic and technical advantages over the currently used methods.
Specifically, the invention includes supporting a plurality of drilling rigs in a wellbore to perform individually and sequentially perforation and treatment of selected, plurality of zones by pumping fluids in accordance with the plurality of stimulation treatment steps and using a mechanical adjustable sealing mechanism to achieve controlled separation of each treatment step. For the purposes of this application, the term "borehole" should be understood as meaning sealed underground parts of wells and all sealed equipment above ground such as drill head, spool parts, blast containment and lubrication system.
The new device comprises a lowering means (e.g., a retractable conduit, connected pipes, an electric cable, a wire rope, a tractor system, etc.), the plurality of drilling rigs comprising at least a perforating device and an adjustable mechanical sealing mechanism which can be independently actuated from the surface. by one or more signaling means (e.g. electrical signals transmitted by wire rope, hydraulic signals transmitted by pipes, ring, fittings; tensile or compressive load; radio transmission; fiber optic transmission, etc.) and adapted to the specific well environment and load parameters.
In its most general sense, the term "boring rig" means a series of devices consisting of at least a perforating device and an adjustable sealing mechanism. Additional devices include, but are not limited to, a fish tail auger, cutting components, rinsing tools, circulation pass components, flow pass components, equalization passages components, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, wire rope connection components, adjustable mechanical brakes, pipe flange locators cladding, centering components and / or joint components. They may also be placed in the boring rig to facilitate other anticipated auxiliary operations and measurements that may be desired during stimulation treatment.
In its most general sense, an adjustable mechanical sealing mechanism provides a "hydraulic seal," where the hydraulic seal is defined as sufficiently restricting or blocking flow such that the fluid is forced to flow to a location other than where it would otherwise have flowed. there was a flow restriction. In particular, this broad definition of "hydraulic seal" includes "perfect hydraulic seal" such that all flow is directed to a location other than where it would flow had there been no flow restriction; and an "imperfect hydraulic seal" in which a significant portion of the flow is directed to a location other than where the flow would have been directed had there not been a flow restriction. While it is generally preferred to use an adjustable mechanical seal that provides a perfect hydraulic seal to achieve optimal stimulation, a sealing mechanism that provides an imperfect hydraulic seal can be used and an economical treatment can be achieved, although the stimulation treatment may not be perfectly separated.
In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, a retractable tubing is used as an exiting means, and the new method comprises sequentially perforating and then stimulating individual zones from the bottom to the top of the entire layer, with stimulation fluid being pumped through the annular space between the casing. and pull-out tubing. As described below, this embodiment of the new apparatus and method offers a significant improvement over the prior art stimulation technology with expandable tubing or coupled tubing and may be used in a wide variety of wellbore architectures and stimulation treatment methods.
In particular, the first preferred embodiment of the new method and apparatus comprises a lowering system, signaling means, assembly of drilling rigs and operations as described below, the various parts, their orientation, and the steps of operation being selected for illustrative purposes only, so as to correspond to parts. and operations that can be used to effect stimulation of multiple layers by hydraulic grinding with filler.
In a first preferred embodiment for hydraulic stimulus crushing with filler, the apparatus comprises the BHA lowered into the wellbore through the uncoil tubing. The BHA includes a perforation device; adjustable mechanical sealing mechanism; casing flange locator.
Returning to Fig. 1, an example of surface devices which may be used in the first preferred embodiment is a drilling rig which uses a very long lubrication system 2 with a head 4 for introducing the expandable tubing 106, suspended high in the air on a crane arm. attached to the crane base 8. The wellbore typically comprises a length of surface casing 78 partially or wholly surrounded by a concrete casing 80 and a production casing 82 disposed partially or entirely within the concrete casing 80, the inner well wall being defined by the casing 82. The wellbore preferably extends to some depth below the lowermost layer to be stimulated to accommodate the rig of drilling equipment that is attached to the end of the expandable tubing 106. The expandable tubing 106 is inserted into the wellbore using head 4 and lubrication system 2. The system For lubrication 2, explosion protection 10 are also included, which can be remotely triggered in the event of a fault. Crane base 8, crane arm 6, drop tube insertion head 4, lubrication system 2, explosion protection 10 (and related control and / or actuation devices) are standard pieces of equipment, well known to a person skilled in the art, which implement the methods and procedures for the safe installation of a set of drilling rigs on an unrolled pipeline in a pressurized well, and then removing the set of drilling rigs on the expandable tubing from the pressurized well.
With prior art equipment available, the height to the top of the head 4 may be approximately 27.4 m (90 ft) from ground level with the neck 12 (where the coil is bent to enter perpendicular to the well) is approximately 105 ft (32 m) above Earth. The crane arm 6 and the crane base 8 balance the weight of the head 4 of the retractable conduit 106 and the loads anticipated in the entry and haul operations of the wellbore.
Generally speaking, the lubrication system 2 must be longer than the length of the drill string to allow the assembly to be safely lowered into the borehole under pressure. Depending on the desired overall length judged to be safe based on engineering design calculations for a given application, lashings 14 can be attached at different locations of the head 4 and the lubrication system 2 to ensure the stability of the head 4 for inserting the expandable tubing 106 and lubrication system 2. The lashings 14 are firmly anchored to the ground to prevent undesirable movement of the head 4 and the lubrication system 2 so that the integrity of the surface devices is not dependent on the holding force. Depending on the application of the required total length, alternative head hanger arrangements for the insertion of the retractable conduit and the lubrication system may also be used (drill rigs for the retractable conduit or task-specific drilling rigs for completion / clean-up of a borehole).
Also shown in Figure 1 are several different wellhead winches that can be used to control the flow and create hydraulic isolation during the pulling operations of the devices from the well, stimulation operations, and the operations of lowering the devices into the wellbore. The crown valve 16 makes it possible to isolate the part of the wellbore above the crown valve 16 from the part of the wellbore below the crown valve 16. The upper main crushing valve 18 and the lower main crushing valve 20 also form valve arrays designed to isolate wellbore pressures above and below their respective locations. Dependent on site-specific and planned activities
As the stimulation progresses, it is possible that not all shutoff valves may actually be required or used.
The side outlet injection valves 22 shown in Fig. 1 provide the sites for injection of stimulating fluids into the wellbore. Lines from surface pumps and reservoirs used for injecting stimulating fluids are connected by suitable fittings and / or connectors to injection valves 22 located in the side exits. The stimulating fluids are then pumped into the wellbore through this flow path. With other suitable flow control devices installed, fluid may also be drained from the wellbore using injection valves 22 located at the side exits. It should be noted that the inside of the expandable tubing 106 may also be used as a flow conduit to introduce fluid into a wellbore.
Figure 1 also shows auxiliary boreholes 24 that serve to contain the drilling rigs assemblies and provide storage for spare or replacement rigs 27 or for storing assemblies that have been used in previous operations. The auxiliary boreholes 24 may be drilled to a shallow depth so that the plant assembly that may contain the perforating charges can be safely stored in a position closed by surface gates 26. In this way, the perforating charges are placed below ground level until the equipment assembly is ready for use. connection to the pull-out tubing 106. The auxiliary wells 24 may be drilled to accommodate concreted or non-concreted casing strings or may be left without casing. The actual number of auxiliary wells 24 required for a given operation depends on the overall requirements of the work being performed. Auxiliary boreholes 24 may be located within the crane arm 6 to allow rapid replacement of the apparatus sets during stimulation operations without having to physically move the crane base 8 to another location.
Referring to FIG. 2A, the unwound tubing 106 is provided with connectors 110 that connect to subassembly 112 with a fish tail bit / cut-off combination that includes both the cut-off and fishtail auger and permits passage. pressurized fluids and wire rope 102. The fishtail / cutoff combination drill subassembly 112 can be coupled to a circulation passage subassembly 114 that can direct a flow of fluid to flush debris over the pumped portable separator 120 or direct a fluid stream into the wellbore through the conduit 106. circulation 114 includes a valve assembly that actuates circulation port 114 and upper trim port 116. The upper equalization port 116 may be connected to the lower equalization port 122 by a pipe extending through the inflatable replaceable seal 120. Both the circulation port subassembly 114 and the upper equalization port 116 are preferably open in the "operating position", thereby allowing a pressure connection between the inner port. the pressure of the expandable tubing 106 and the annular pressure between the expandable tubing and the casing.
In this document, the term "operating position" refers to a situation where all parts of a rig assembly are positioned such that they can make unhindered axial movement up and down the wellbore. The lower equalizing passage 122 located below the inflatable replaceable seal 120 is always open and the flow of fluid through the equalizing passages is controlled by the upper equalizing passage 116. The circulation and equalizing bushing can be closed simultaneously by applying light pressure to the BHA. To prevent backflow into the expandable conduit 106 when the circulation conduit 114 is open in the operating position, surface pressure may be applied to the unwound conduit 106 such that the pressure inside the circulation conduit 114 will exceed the pressure of the wellbore immediately outside the circulation conduit 114. In the operative position, the inflatable replaceable seal 120 is hydraulically isolated from the internal pressure of the expandable tubing 106. The sealant 120 can be connected to the internal pressure of the expandable tubing 106 by means of internal valves by applying a slight pressure to the BHA. Mechanically actuated interchangeable axial lock devices or "brakes" 124 may be positioned below the inflatable replaceable seal 120 to inhibit downbore movement. Mechanical brakes 124 can be actuated by a "continuous J" mechanism by switching the axial load between compression and extension. The wire rope connection subassembly 126 is located above the collar locator 128
The casing and the selective firing perforation gun system. The gun connection subassembly 130 connects the casing collar locator 128 to the selective firing head 152. The perforation gun system can be designed based on the knowledge of the number, position and thickness of hydrocarbon containing sands in the working zones. The gun system consists of one gun group (e.g. 134) for each zone that is processed. The first (lowest) gun assembly includes a selective firing head 132 and a gun housing 134 which is filled with perforating charges 136 and a selective firing detonator system.
In particular, a preferred embodiment of the new method comprises the following steps, where the stimulation task has been defined, by way of illustration, as a multi-step hydraulic stimulation crushing with filler.
1. A well is drilled and the casing is concreted in the area of the given layer, if necessary one or more auxiliary boreholes are drilled and finished to hold the drilling rig assemblies.
2. Target zones in a given layer are identified (usually by a combination of data for an open hole and a cased hole).
3. Drilling rig assemblies (BHAs) and perforating gun assemblies are designed and constructed to be dropped on each such BHA assembly in anticipation of use during a stimulation operation based on the knowledge of the number, location and thickness of hydrocarbon-containing sands in the target zones.
4. A reel of uncoil tubing is made with the BHA preferred embodiment described above. The spool of the unwound tubing is made such that it includes the wire rope that is used as a signaling means for activating the perforating guns. Preferably, the necessary amount of spare or replacement drilling equipment is also made and stored in the wells for containing the drilling equipment assemblies. The retractable tubing may be pre-filled with fluid either before or after attaching the drill rig to the retractable tubing.
5. As shown in Fig. 1, the retractable tubing 106 with the drill rig is introduced into the well through the lubrication system 2 and the insertion head 4 for the expandable tubing 106 is supported by the crane arm 6.
6. Retractable tubing 106 / drill rig is dropped into a well by controlling the depth of descent of the assembly using the casing collar locator 128 (FIG. 2A).
7. The expandable tubing 106 / drill string is lowered below the lowest target zone to ensure that the borehole depth below the lowest perforations is sufficient to locate the drill string below the first group of perforations during the crushing operation. As seen in FIG. 2A, the inflatable replaceable seal 120 and the replaceable mechanically actuated brakes 124 are in the operating position.
8. Then, as shown in Fig. 2B, the expandable tubing 106 and the BHA are raised to a location in the wellbore such that the first (lowest) group of perforating charges 136, positioned in the first selective firing punch assembly 134, is positioned directly opposite the lowest target zone, with precise depth control can be obtained based on the readings of the casing collar locator 128 and the expandable conduit odometer system 106 (not shown). Moving the BHA up to the location of the first perforated layer will cause the mechanical brake "continuous J" mechanism (not shown) to shift to the preparation position, where a subsequent downward movement will force the adjustable mechanical brake 124 to the locked position, thus preventing further operation. downward movement. It should be noted that a subsequent change in the load on the pull-out tubing from compression to tension and back will cause the adjustable mechanical brake to return to its operating position. In this way, the "continuous J" mechanism of the mechanical brake, in conjunction with the application of compression and tension loads imparted by the supporting means (uncoil tubing) is used to actuate and release the mechanical jaws in the wellbore.
9. The first group of perforating charges 136 are selectively fired by remote control via the wire rope 102, with the first head 132 with selective firing penetrating casing 82 and concrete casing 84 and hydraulically communicating with formation 86 through the resulting openings 230-231. It should be understood that any group of perforations may be
If desired, a group consisting of a single perforation, although in general multiple perforations provide better processing results. It should also be noted that more than one segment of the gun assembly may be fired as needed to achieve the target number of perforations, either to prevent the effects of actual or anticipated misfires or simply to increase the number of perforations. It should also be noted that the layer need not be confined to one sand reservoir. Multiple layers of sand may be perforated and treated in one step using other separating agents suitable for simultaneous use with the present invention in a given processing step.
10. As shown in Fig. 2C, the unwound tubing 106 may be moved to a position where the circulation passage 114 is just below the deepest opening 231 of the first target zone to minimize the possibility of filler accumulation over the inflated, adjustable sealant 120 and minimize flow from the first target zone. high velocity of the filler-containing stream through the BHA.
11. The first step of stimulation by grinding is initiated by passing a small volume of fluid through the unwound tubing 106 and through the circulation port 114 (using a positive displacement pump). Thereafter, stimulation fluid is initiated to pump through the ring between the expandable tubing 106 and the casing 82 at the rate required by stimulation. The small amount of fluid flowing through the expandable tubing 106 serves to maintain positive pressure within the expandable tubing 106 to prevent backflow of fluid containing filler into the expandable tubing 106 and to prevent a destructive load from being placed on the expandable tubing 106 during the crushing operation. It should be noted that as an alternative measure to prevent damage to the retractable tubing, an internal valve mechanism may be used to keep circulation passage 114 closed while creating positive pressure in the retractable tubing 106 using a surface pump. In an illustrative example of crushing to stimulate a 15 acre sand lens containing hydrocarbon gas, the first crushing step can be broken down into "sub-stages" as follows:
a) 18,927 L (5,000 gallons) of water at 2% KCL;
b) 7,570.8 L (2,000 gallons) of cross-linked gel containing 0.120 kg / L (1 pounds per gallon) of filler;
c) 11356.2 L (3000 gallons) of cross-linked gel containing (0.240 kg / L (2 lbs per gallon) of filler;
d) 18927 L (5000 gallons) of cross-linked gel containing 0.359 kg / L (3 lbs per gallon) of filler and
e) 11356.2 L (3,000 gallons) of cross-linked gel containing 0.479 kg / L (4 lbs per gallon) of filler such that 15,875.7 L (35,000 pounds) of filler is supplied to the first zone.
12. As shown in Fig. 2C, all sub-steps of the first crushing operation are completed by forming a first gap 232 filled with filler.
13. At the end of the first stimulation step, filler located in the wellbore may prevent displacement of the uncooled tube and the BHA; fluid circulation can then be created through circulation passage 114 to flush and remove filler from the unwound conduit 106 and BHA to allow them to move.
14. As shown in Figure 3A, the unwound tubing 106 and BHA are then pulled up the wellbore slightly above the second deepest target zone so that the second group of perforating charges 146 included in the selective firing gun system 144 is positioned slightly above the second deepest zone. and again, an accurate depth control is obtained based on the readings from the casing collar locator 128 and the expandable conduit odometer. Moving the BHA upwards (slightly above the second layer to be perforated) will switch the "continuous J" mechanism of the adjustable mechanical brake to the preparation position. Subsequent compressive-tensile load changes are made to return the mechanical brake "continuous J" mechanism back to its operating position. The retractable tubing 106 and BHA are then advanced down to where the perforating charges 146 included in the selective firing punch system 144 are directly opposite the second deepest target zone, again precise depth control is obtained based on the readings. from the casing collar locator 128 and the pull-down tube odometer 106.
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15. The second group of perforating charges 146 are selectively fired with a remote signal by the second selective firing head 142 to pierce the casing 82 and concrete shell 84 and hydraulically communicate with the formation 86 through the resulting openings 240-241.
16. As shown in Figure 3B, the unwound tubing 106 can be moved down the wellbore to place the BHA several feet below the deepest perforation 241 of the second target zone. Subsequent upward movement of the BHA borehole to locate circulation passage 114 just below the innermost perforation 241 of the second target zone will cause the adjustable mechanical brake 124 to shift to its preparation position, with another downward movement causing the adjustable mechanical brake 124 to shift to the locked position, preventing further downward movement.
17. As shown in Figure 3C, the downward movement causes the adjustable mechanical brake 124 to seize against the casing wall 82, thereby preventing further downward movement of the BHA. Pressure is then applied to the expandable conduit 106 which closes circulation conduit 114 and upper equalization conduit 116 and forms a pressure connection between the inflated, adjustable seal 120 and the internal pressure of the unwound conduit 106. The pressure also locates the circulation passage 114 directly below the innermost perforation 241 of the second target zone (to minimize the possibility of filler overflowing over the pumped adjustable seal 120 and minimize high velocity fluid flow with the filler next to the BHA), with the adjustable pumped seal 120 being placed between the first and second perforated layers.
18. Additional pressure is applied to the unwound tubing 106 and BHA to test the adjustable mechanical brakes 124 and to ensure that additional downward force does not cause the BHA to move further down the wellbore.
19. As shown in Figure 3D, the inflatable adjustable seal 120 is actuated by applying pressure to the expandable tubing 106 to form a hydraulic seal over and under the inflatable adjustable seal 120. The pressure on the BHA is maintained to maintain a pressure connection between the internal pressure of the retractable conduit 106 and the inflatable adjustable seal 120 to keep the circulation port 114 and the upper equalizing port 116 closed and the adjustable mechanical brakes 124 in the locked and energized position. The inflatable adjustable seal 120 is kept active by maintaining pressure in the expandable tubing 106 with a surface pump system (note that alternatively the pumped adjustable seal may be kept active by blocking pressure in the device using an internal valve controlled remotely from the surface using signaling means, compatible with other BHA devices and other existing signaling means).
twenty. The second stimulation by crushing step is initiated by pumping fluid through the ring between the pull-down tubing 106 and casing 82 at the rate required by crushing stimulation, while maintaining pressure on the BHA to keep circulation passage 114 and upper equalizing passage 116 closed and maintaining the pressure in the expandable tubing 106 at a sufficient level, to prevent damage to the retractable sealant and to keep the inflatable adjustable sealant 120 inflated and serving as a hydraulic seal between the ring pressure above the sealant and the separated wellbore pressure downstream of the pumped adjustable sealant before, during and after the crushing operation.
21. At all sub-stages of the crushing operation, fluid is pumped with minimal underflow in the last sub-stage in the wellbore to prevent undue dislocation of the treatment. If during this processing step it is suspected that the integrity of the inflatable adjustable sealant 120 has been compromised, the treatment step may be suspended for a period of time to check the integrity of the sealant over the highest (shallowest) existing hole (e.g., hole 240 in Fig. 3D) after. placing the inflatable adjustable seal 120 in the hollow tube. If a seal integrity test is to be performed, it is necessary to perform a circulate / flush operation to ensure that any filler that may be in the wellbore is removed from the wellbore prior to the test being performed. The circulation / rinse operation may be performed by opening circulation 114 through 20
Thereafter, circulation fluid is pumped into the expandable tubing 106 to remove filler from the wellbore.
22. As shown in Fig. 3E, all sub-steps of the second crushing operation are completed by forming the second filler gap 242.
23. Upon completion of the second step of the crushing operation and stopping the pumping of stimulating fluid through the annulus formed between the pull conduit 106 and the casing 82, a little suction is created in the pull conduit 106 while maintaining the internal pressure of the pull conduit 106. Low suction first cuts the pressure built up in the sealant 120 from the pressure of the unwound conduit 106, thereby locking the pressure in the sealant 120, thereby maintaining seal overpressure and creating significant resistance to the axial movement performed by the sealant 120. With the same movement, the applied suction can then open the circulation port 114 and equalizing port 116, thereby allowing the pressure in the expanding line 106 to be depressurized by air escaping into the ring formed by the unwound line 106 and casing 82 while allowing pressure equalization overhead. and below sealant 120. The system of pumps on the surface generating internal pressure of the uncoiled conduit may be stopped after the pressures in the wellbore are equalized.
24. After equalizing the pressures inside the expandable conduit 106, in the annulus formed by the expandable conduit 106 and casing pipe 82 above the packer 120i in the annulus formed by the BHA and casing 82 below the sealant 120, the created compression in the expandable conduit 106 will close the circulation passage 114 and upper equalization pass 116 before pressure is released, internal packer 120 to expandable tubing 106. Lowering the internal pressure from packer 120 allows it to be torn away from the wall of casing 82 as shown in FIG. 3F, in the absence of external pressure difference on both sides of packer 120, which would otherwise create stress and strain. movements that could damage the retractable tubing 106 or BHA.
25. When the packer 120 is released, as shown in FIG. 3F, the suction applied to the retractable conduit 106 / BHA can remove power to the adjustable mechanical brakes 124, thereby allowing the BHA to be moved to a new position down the wellbore.
26. If, at the end of the second stimulation step, the filler in the wellbore does not allow the deployment of the expandable conduit 106 and the BHA, then a fluid circulation may be created through the circulation passage 114 to flush and remove the filler and release the unwound iBHA and allow the BHA to move upward when the pumped adjustable sealant.
27. The process described above is repeated until all planned zones have been individually stimulated (Figures 3A to 3F represent BHA adapted to stimulate the three zones).
28. Upon completion of the stimulation process, the BHA components are returned to their operating position and the Uncoil and BHA assembly is removed from the wellbore.
29. If all predicted zones have been stimulated, the well can be put into production immediately.
thirty. If it is desired to stimulate additional zones, the unwound tubing spool can be made with a slightly modified BHA as shown in Fig. 4A. In this assembly, the only change from the BHA of the preferred embodiment described above may be the addition of a mechanical plug 164 set by the selective firing system or a bridging plug 164 set by the selective firing system. A plug 164 is positioned below the lowest unit of the selective firing gun as shown in FIG. 4A. Generally speaking, mechanical plug 164 can be either a bridge plug or a gap baffle. Mostly, a fissure septum is preferred if it is necessary to simultaneously create cork-separated zones immediately after stimulation.
31. The modified BHA, shown in Fig. 4A, includes a selective firing perforator system (Fig. 4A shows a gun system including perforating guns 174, 184, and 194 with associated charges 176, 186, and 196 and selective firing heads 172, 182, and 192), casing collar locator 128 82, flow ports 114, 116, and 122, pumpable, adjustable sealant 120, an adjustable mechanical axial brake 124 and a selective firing deck plug assembly 164 using selective firing head 162. The modified BHA is introduced into the well via the lubrication system 2 and the drop tube insertion head 4 106 suspended from a crane or scaffold above the well head.
32. The retractable tubing 106 and BHA are lowered into the well while the depth of descent is controlled by the casing collar locator 128 of the casing 82.
33. As shown in Fig. 4A, the unwound conduit 106 and the modified BHA are dropped into a borehole to position mechanical plug 164 over the last previously stimulated zone 252.
34. As shown in FIG. 4B, the selective firing head 162 is fired to position mechanical plug 164 over the last, most recently stimulated zone 252.
35. After actuating the bridge plug firing head 162 to align the bridge plug 164, the unwound tubing 106 and BHA are then lifted to a location in the wellbore such that the first (lowest) group of perforating charges 176 positioned in the selective firing perforator system is positioned. directly opposite the next lowest zone to be perforated, and precise depth control may be performed based on the readings of the casing collar 82 locator 128 and the expandable conduit odometer 106 among the devices located on the surface. Moving the BHA up to the position of the first perforated layer causes the adjustable mechanical brakes 124 to shift to the locked position and the load on the uncoil tubing 106 must be changed from compression to suction and back again for the adjustable mechanical brakes to return to the operating position.
36. As shown in Figure 4B, the first group of perforating charges 176 in the modified BHA is selectively fired by remote activation by the second selective firing head 172 to pierce casing 82 and concrete shell 84 with perforations 270, 271 and hydraulically communicate with formation 86 by the resulting perforations 270-271.
37. If there is enough space between the previously made perforations 250, 251 and the next group of perforations 270, 271 to be stimulated to allow the BHA to be properly positioned to perforate, isolate, and stimulate the next group of perforations 270, a bridging plug 164 with selective firing may be positioned below. recently stimulated perforations 250, 251, and pumped, an adjustable sealant may be used during the first stimulation operation to isolate the uppermost perforations 270, 271 from the previously stimulated perforations 250, 251.
38. The entire process described above is then repeated as necessary until all planned zones are individually stimulated (Figures 4A and 4B show BHA adapted to perform stimulation operations on three additional zones).
One skilled in the art will appreciate that the preferred method of suspension when using fluids containing a filler which is a fracturing proppant are conventional pipes joined to or retracted tubing, preferably with one or more circulation passages, so that the filler deposited into the wellbore can be readily readily used. pumped out of the borehole. Acid crushing or volumetric acid impregnation treatments may not require this capability and may be performed with a cable based drop system such as a hoist or wire rope or tractor tractor system.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that, depending on the objectives of the task at hand, various pumping systems may be used and may include the following systems:
a) pumping through the ring formed between the cable or pipe (depending on whether the lowering method is for cable or pipe) and the casing wall;
b) pumping into the retractable tubing or connecting pipes, depending on whether the rigging method is to use the retractable tubing or joined tubing, and the additional friction and erosion caused by the filler is not a problem at a given well depth; or
c) simultaneous pumping through the ring formed between the pipe (if the lowering method uses a pipe) and the casing wall and through the inside of the pipe if the additional friction and erosion caused by the filler is not a problem for the given well depths.
Figure 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention where the unwound conduit is used as a drop-off means and the additional friction is not analyzed, or the filler is not pumped during operation, or the use of filler is not a problem. Fig. 5 shows that the unwound cable 106 is used to support the BHA and the components of the BHA. In this embodiment, individual zones are processed in a specific order from the shallowest point in from 22
The borehole is drilled to the deepest point in the wellbore. In this example, as shown in FIG. 5, circulation passage 114 is now positioned below the inflatable, adjustable seal 120 so that treatment fluid can be pumped into coiled conduit 106, then pass through circulation passage 114 and enter the given perforations. As an example of a perforation, in Fig. 5 it is shown that the pumped adjustable seal 120 has been actuated and positioned below the perforations 241 which are associated with the zone 242 previously subjected to hydraulic breakage. The pumped, adjustable seal 120 creates hydraulic isolation such that when the working fluid is pumped into the unwound conduit 106, it is forced to flow into the previously made perforations 230 and 231 and create new gaps 232. The operations are then continued and repeated as needed for the desired number of zones and formation layers.
Figure 6 shows a third embodiment of the invention where the expandable tubing 106 is used as a drop-off means and the additional friction is not a problem and the filler is not pumped during the task or the use of filler is not a problem. Fig. 6 shows that the unwound cable 106 is used to support the BHA and the components of the BHA. In this embodiment, the individual zones may be treated in any order. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the inflatable seal mechanism 125 in the form of a two-piece seal is used as the adjustable seal mechanism, and the circulation port 114 is now positioned between the upper inflatable seal member 121 and the lower inflatable seal member 123. When the upper inflatable seal member 121 and the lower inflatable seal member 123 are actuated, the working fluid can be pumped into the expandable tubing 106 and passes through the circulation port 114 and then flows into the given perforations. For an illustration of the operation, in Fig. 6 it is shown that the upper inflatable seal member 121 and the lower inflatable seal member 123 have been actuated and aligned with the perforations 241 which are associated with the next zone to be crushed. The pumped, adjustable seal 120 forms hydraulic isolation such that when the working fluid is pumped into the unwound conduit 106, it is then forced to flow into the previously made perforations 240 and 241 and form new gaps 242. The operations are then continued and repeated as needed for the required number of zones and formation layers.
Figure 7 illustrates a fourth embodiment of the invention wherein the wire rope 102 is used as a descender, support for the BHA and components of the BHA. In this embodiment, the individual zones are processed in sequence from the deepest point in the wellbore to the shallowest point in the wellbore. In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 7, the working fluid can be pumped through the ring between the wire rope 102 and the wall of the casing 82 and is directed to the indicated perforations. In this embodiment, the inflatable adjustable seal 120 also includes an internal electric pump system 117 powered by electricity transmitted to the wellbore through the wire rope to unfold or assemble the inflatable adjustable seal 120 with the wellbore fluid. Fig. 7 shows that the pumped adjustable packer 120 has been activated and positioned below the perforations 241 which are associated with the next zone to be crushed. The pumped, adjustable seal 120 provides hydraulic isolation such that when the working fluid is pumped through the ring between wire rope 102 and casing 82, it is directed into perforations 240 and 241 and creates new gaps 242. The operations are then continued and repeated as needed for the desired number of zones and formation layers.
A fifth embodiment of the invention (Fig. 8) provides for additional runs of pipes or cables, hereinafter "fittings", to be lowered inside and / or outside the expandable tubing (or connecting pipes). As shown in Figures 8A and 8B, the tubing 104 is lowered into the inside of the expandable tubing 106. In this embodiment, the tubing 104 is connected to an adjustable seal 120, and in this embodiment the adjustable seal mechanism 120 is actuated by hydraulic pressure transmitted by the pipe fitting 104. Generally speaking, a plurality of tubing may be exited inside the expandable tubing and / or in the ring between the pull-down tubing and the mining casing. The tubing used can be used to perform a wide variety of operations, including, but not limited to,
PL 196 155 B1
a) providing a hydraulic connection to actuate the various parts of the BHA including, but not limited to, a sealing mechanism and / or a perforating device;
b) creating flow conduits to introduce or circulate additional fluids and
c) collecting data from measuring devices located in the wellbore. It should be noted that, as shown in Fig. 8A, the BHA also includes centering assemblies 201, 203 and 205 which are used to hold the BHA at the well center while the BHA portions are in the marching position.
The use of connection conduit (s) may enable the hydraulic actuation and / or release of the adjustable mechanical sealing mechanism, independent of the hydraulic pressure in the unfolding conduit. This allows the method to be extended to the use of adjustable mechanical sealing mechanisms requiring independent hydraulic actuation. Perforating devices that require hydraulic pressure for selective firing can be actuated using this connection conduit. The wireline can then be used if it is dropped with the unwound wire and the BHA as an additional electrical signal transmission conduit, which may be desirable for collecting data from sensors located in the borehole assembly, or for actuating other BHA components, for example electrical. an engine that can rotate or generate torque for the BHA components. Alternatively, the coupler may be used to operate a hydraulic motor to actuate various devices within the wellbore (e.g., a hydraulic motor to actuate or release an adjustable sealing mechanism).
The use of connection conduit (s) may allow any fluid to be introduced or circulated with precision control to a plurality of locations if desired. For example, to prevent filler from settling on the sealing mechanism during hydraulic crushing with filler, the connecting line can be lowered into the wellbore and used to create independent, continuous or intermittent flushing and circulation of the fluid stream to prevent filler build-up on the sealing mechanism.
For example, one connection conduit may extend just above the adjustable sealing mechanism while another extends just below the adjustable sealing mechanism. Then, if necessary, the fluid (e.g. nitrogen) may circulate through the wellbore to either or both locations to flush out the filler that constitutes the fracturing proppant from the region surrounding the sealing mechanism, thereby reducing the possibility of BHA seizing due to build-up of this filler. In the case of fluid circulation, it should be noted that the size of the connection conduit and the fluid should be sized to obtain the desired speed, and the pressure drop due to friction in the connection conduit should be unrestricted.
In addition to the connecting lines composed of a string of pipes that provide hydraulic communication in the wellbore, as signaling means for activating the BHA portion (or possibly as signal transmission means to record data from sensors positioned downstream on the surface). Generally speaking, one or more wire ropes or fiber optic cables may be inserted into the wellbore to establish electrical or electro-optical communication in the wellbore as a signaling means for activating the BHA portion (or alternatively as a signal transmission means to record sensors positioned on the surface). in the borehole).
Figure 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the invention in which the tractor system consists of a top drive system 131 and a bottom drive system 133 and is coupled to the BHA. This system is used to lower and position the BHA in the wellbore. In this embodiment, the individual zones are processed in sequence from the deepest point in the wellbore to the shallowest. In this embodiment, the BHA also includes an internal electrical pump system 117 that is powered by electricity transmitted to the wellbore by a wire rope 102. The pump system 117 is used to fill or deflate the inflatable adjustable sealer 120 with the wellbore fluid. In this embodiment, the working fluid is pumped through the ring between the wire rope 102 and the casing 82 and is directed to the given perforations. Fig. 9 shows that the inflatable adjustable packer 120 has been inflated and positioned below the perforations 241 which are associated with the next zone to be crushed. The pumped, adjustable seal 120 provides a hydraulic shutoff so that when the working fluid is pumped through the ring between
By wire rope 102 and casing 82, it is forced to flow into perforations 240 and 241 and creates new hydraulically fractured regions 242. Operations are then continued and repeated as necessary for the envisaged number of zones and layers of formation.
As an alternative to the sixth embodiment, the tractor system may be self-propelled, on-board computer control, and including on-board signaling systems such that it may not be necessary to attach a cable or pipes to position, control, and / or actuate the tractor system. In addition, the various parts of the BHA may also be controlled by on-board computer systems and may include on-board signaling systems such that it is not necessary to connect a cable or pipes to control and / or actuate the parts. For example, the tractor system and / or the BHA parts may include on-board power sources (e.g. batteries), computer circuits and data transmitting / receiving circuits such that the tractor and BHA parts can be controlled remotely from the surface by means of remote control, or alternatively, various on-board computer circuits can be pre-programmed on the surface to perform the desired sequence of operations after lowering into a borehole.
In the seventh embodiment of the invention, shown in Fig. 10, jets of abrasive (or erosive) fluid are used as well perforation means. The use of abrasive (or erosive) fluids is a popular method in the petrochemical industry to cut and perforate wellbore pipe runs and other parts of the well and well head. Using the retractable tubing or bonded tubing as a BHA support allows it to be used as a flow conduit for abrasive fluid cutting technology. For this, BHA is equipped with a streaming tool. The blasting tool allows abrasive (or erosive) fluid suspensions or systems to be pumped at high speed and under high pressure into the borehole through pipes and jet nozzles. The abrasive (or erosive) fluid intersects the wall of the casing, concrete casing, and penetrates the formation to form a fluid connection with the formation. Arbitrary patterns of holes and slots can be obtained by using a jet tool during stimulation. Generally speaking, cutting and perforating with an abrasive (or erosive) fluid can be performed over a wide range of pumping parameters, using different fluid systems (water, gels, oils, and combinations of liquid and gas), and with a variety of abrasive solids (sand, ceramics). etc.) if it is required to use solid material to make specific perforations in the wellbore.
The blasting tool replaces the traditional selective firing perforating gun system described in the previous six embodiments, and since the blasting tool can be from one to four feet in length, the required length of the lubricating surface lubrication system is greatly reduced ( as much as 18.3 m (60 ft) or more) compared to the height required when using traditional perforating gun assemblies as a perforating device. Reducing the required height of the lubricating surface system has several benefits, including reducing the cost and time of operations.
Figure 10 illustrates a seventh embodiment of the invention in detail where the blasting tool 310 is used as the perforating device and the connected tubes 302 are used to support the BHA in the wellbore. In this embodiment, a mechanical pressure-deployable adjustable seal 316 is used as an adjustable sealing device. A casing collar mechanical locator 318 is used to control the depth of descent and to position the BHA. The full-bore one-way flap check valve component 304 ensures that fluid does not flow up the interconnecting pipes 302. The fish tail cutter component 306 is used as a safety release device. The circulation / equalizing port subassembly 308 allows fluid circulation as well as pressure equalization over and under the mechanical pressure-release adjustable seal 316 under certain conditions, and the one-way ball check valve subassembly 314 ensures that fluid can only flow upward from underneath. a mechanical, pressure-disengaging, adjustable seal 316 to the circulation and equalizing passage subassembly 308.
The blasting tool 310 includes jet flow ports 312 that are designed to accelerate and direct the abrasive fluid pumped through the connected pipes 302 into the jet directly impinging on the casing 82. In this configuration, the mechanical casing collar locator 318 is suitably adapted and coupled to the mechanical pressure-deployable adjustable sealer 316 to allow fluid to flow upward from beneath it to the circulation and equalizing passage subassembly 308. The flow cross-sectional areas in the flow conduits located in the circulation and equalizing passage subassembly 308 are of such values as to provide a significantly larger flow area than the flow area in the flow passages 312 such that most of the flow inside the connected pipes 302 or BHA preferably flows through the circulation and leveling port subassembly 308 rather than through the flow passages 312. when the circulation and equalizing passage sub-assembly 308 is in the open position. The circulation and equalizing passage subassembly 308 is opened and closed by axial up and down movement of the connected pipes 302.
In this embodiment, the connected pipes 302 are preferably used with a mechanical pressure-deployable adjustable sealer 316 as it can be easily unfolded and assembled by the vertical movement and / or rotation imposed by the connected pipes 302. Vertical and / or rotational movement is applied with the connected pipes 302 using a dredging system, assisted by a drill tower, and a rotary drive system acting as a surface means for connecting, installing and removing the pipes 302 to be joined into and out of the wellbore. It should be noted that the surface equipment, methods and procedures associated with the use of a rig-assisted dredging system and rotary drive system are common and well known to those skilled in the art for connecting, installing and extracting pressurized pipes to / from a wellbore.
Alternatively, the use of a drill rig with a rotating feed system and a widening head in place of a dredging system can assist in connecting, installing and removing connected pipes to / from a pressurized wellbore. This is also common and well known to the person skilled in the art to connect, install and remove the connected pipes in / out of a pressurized wellbore. It should also be noted that the surface configuration of the drill tower and plumbing includes appropriate branches, piping, and valves to induce flow into, from and between all relevant surface equipment / buildings and the wellbore, including, but not limited to, interconnecting pipes, ring between interconnected casing, pumps, fluid reservoirs, and backflow wells.
Since the mechanical, pressure-deployable, adjustable seal is activated by the vertical movement and / or rotation of the connected pipes 302, fluid can be pumped down the connected pipes 302 without the need for additional control valves and / or shut-off valves, which would be needed if a pumped sealant was used as an adjustable sealing device. The interior of the interconnected pipes 302 is thus used as an independent flow conduit between the surface and the blasting tool 310 such that abrasive fluid can be pumped through the interconnected pipes 302 to the blasting tool 310. Jet flow passages 312 located in tool 310 then create a high velocity stream of abrasive fluid that is directed for perforation onto casing 82 and concrete shell 8j4 to form a fluid communication with formation 86.
Figure 10 shows that a blasting tool 310 has been used to make perforations 320 to penetrate a first layer of a given formation. The first layer of a given formation was stimulated by hydraulic crushing 322.
Figure 10 also shows that the stream tool 310 has been displaced within the wellbore and used to perform perforations 324 in the second layer of the formation in question. A mechanical pressure-deployable adjustable sealant 316 has been activated to provide a hydraulic seal within the wellbore prior to stimulating the perforation 324 in a second stage of multi-stage hydraulic crushing with filler.
It should be noted that the jet ports 312 may be positioned 15.2 cm to 0.3 m (about six inches to one foot) from the mechanical pressure-deployable adjustable seal 316 such that when the filled fluid is pumped, the Second stage fracturing proppant, take into account the build-up of the filler on the mechanical, pressure-deployed, adjustable seals 316 and non-abrasive and non-erosive fluid may be pumped through the connected pipes 302 and through the jet ports 312 and / or the circulation and equalizing passage subassembly 308 as needed to remove filler from the mechanical pressure-release adjustable sealer 316. In addition, the blasting tool 310 can be rotated (when the mechanical, pressure-deployed, adjustable seal 316 is not activated).
Plumbed filler build-up that may appear on the mechanical pressure-release adjustable sealer 316. As holes are created by using a surface rotating system, fluid flow, there are no burrs in the holes. Since there are no burrs to cause additional wear or damage to the elastomers of mechanical seal 316, its life can be longer than in situations where burrs may exist.
It should also be noted that the flow control provided by the check valve sub-assembly 314 and check valve sub-assembly 304 of the one-way flap valve allows the pressure to be balanced above and below the mechanical pressure-release adjustable seal 316 when the pressure below it is greater than. pressure above him. In a situation where the pressure above the sealant 316 is greater than the pressure below it, it can easily be lowered by making a controlled return flow from the zone just stimulated using the ring between the connected pipes 302 and the casing 82, or by circulating a low density fluid ( e.g. nitrogen) down through connected pipes 302 and up through the ring between connected pipes 302 and casing 82.
It is preferable to use a one-way check valve 304 as this type of valve allows abrasive (or erosive) fluid to be pumped unrestrictedly into the wellbore and then allows control balls to pass, which, depending on the particular design of the components of a given BHA, can be lowered from the surface for use. control the fluid flow and hydraulics of the individual BHA components or safely isolate the BHA. Depending on the particular design of the tool, many different valve configurations may be used to achieve the functionality of the flow control valves described in this embodiment.
As an alternative to the seventh embodiment, a subassembly may be included that includes an armature that can support other metering devices or BHA components. The armature, for example, may include a conventional casing flange locator and a gamma ray emitting tool, the devices being lowered onto the wire rope and inserted into the armature to obtain additional diagnostic data regarding the location of the BHA and the location of the sought formation layers. In addition, numerous abrasive blasting tools may be lowered as BHA parts to adjust perforation cut characteristics such as aperture-gap size ratio, cut speed to suit different abrasive materials, and / or to achieve system redundancy in the event of premature failure of components.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that a wide variety of components may be used as components of an assembly of drilling equipment. The assembly may be configured to include instruments for measuring reservoir, fluid, and wellbore characteristics as required by the application. For example, temperature and pressure sensors can be used to measure the temperature and pressure of a wellbore fluid during machining, a densimeter can be used to measure the effective density of a wellbore fluid (which can be particularly useful for determining filler placement and location when conducting hydraulic crushing using filler), and the radioactivity sensor system (e.g. gamma or neutron detection systems) can be used to locate zones containing hydrocarbons or to identify or locate radioactive material within a wellbore or formation.
Depending on the individual components of the assembly and whether the perforation device produces barbed holes that may damage the sealing mechanism, the device assembly may be provided with a hole deburring tool that scrapes and deburr the casing wall.
Depending on the nature of the components of the rig assembly and whether excessive wear of the components of the assembly may occur when the assembly is shifted in contact with the casing wall, the centering components may be lowered onto the drill string to achieve the appropriate mechanical alignment of the assembly and prevent or minimize possible damage due to the sliding of the assembly in contact with the wall of the casing.
Depending on the nature of the components of the drilling rig set and whether the perforating charges generate significant shock waves and undesirable vibrations when fired, the equipment set may be equipped with an oscillation / shock damping subassembly that will eliminate or minimize the undesirable effects of detonation of the perforating charges. on the operation of the system.
Depending on the lowering system used and the purposes of the job in question, the perforating devices and other required BHA components may be positioned either above or below the adjustable sealing mechanism and in any order relative to each other. The lowering system itself, whether it is a wire rope, an electric cable, a retractable conduit, conventional splicing pipes, or a drill tractor, may be used to transmit signals to activate the sealing mechanism and / or the perforating device. It is also possible to suspend such signaling means inside conventional bonded pipes or in an expandable conduit used to support the sealing and perforating devices themselves. Alternatively, the signaling means, whether electric, hydraulic or otherwise, may be inserted into the opening in addition to the supporting means or even encapsulated or contained in one or more separate runs of expandable tubing or conventional connected pipes.
With regard to treatments that utilize high viscosity fluid systems in wells deeper than about 2438.4 m (8000 ft), several significant technological and economic advantages can be obtained by using the present invention. Reducing the pressure drop due to friction enables the treatment of deeper wells and reduces the requirements for a special composition of the crushing fluid. The pressure drop due to friction is reduced or eliminated as the high viscosity fluid can be pumped through the ring between the expandable tubing or other support means and the casing. Since the frictional pressure reduction can be reduced or eliminated relative to that experienced by pumping high viscosity fluid systems through the inside of the expandable conduit, the depths of the wells in which this technique can be used are greatly increased. For example, assuming a 3.81 cm (1.5 in) diameter retractable tubing dropped into a casing with an outside diameter of 13.97 cm (5.5 in) and a weight of 1.5 kg / m (17 lb ft) length, the effective cross-sectional area of the flow is approximately that of a 12.7 cm (5 inch) casing. With this effective flow cross-sectional area, wells as deep as 6096 m (20,000 ft) or more may be processed at higher pumping rates (e.g., in the order of 1.59 to 4.77 m).<sup>3</sup> (10 to 30 barrels) per minute or more) for efficient filler transport and hydraulic crushing using high viscosity fluids.
Since the ring can typically have a higher equivalent flow area, traditional grinding fluids can be used as opposed to special low viscosity fluids (such as Dowell-Schlumberger ClearFrac ™ fluid) used to reduce the pressure drop due to friction in the pull-out tubing. The use of traditional crushing fluid technology enables the treatment of formations with temperatures higher than 121 ° C (250 ° F), where currently available, more expensive specialty fluids are subject to degradation.
The sealing mechanism used may be a pumped, mechanical, pressure-deployable device, adjustable mechanical seal, pressure-deployable two-part sealant, cup sealant, or any other alternative device that can be lowered by lowering means and can realize an adjustable hydraulic seal or equivalent. functions. Both pumped and pressure-deployed devices are known to create radial play between the seal and the casing wall (e.g., of the order of 0.64 cm (0.25 inch) to 2.54 cm (1 inch) for pumped equipment. or (0.25 cm to 0.5 cm (0.1-0.2 inch) for pressure folding devices) such that wear and damage to the sealing portions are greatly reduced or eliminated.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is sufficient clearance between the sealing mechanism, when collapsed, and the casing wall to allow rapid movement into or out of the wellbore without significant damage to the sealing mechanism or without pressure control means controlling pressure variations in the well due to movement. tools. The increased clearance between the seal face and the casing wall (when the seal is not activated) also allows the expandable tubing and BHA to enter and exit the bore at much faster speeds than is possible with previously available retractable tubing systems . Moreover, in order to minimize undesirable
When the seal is worn or torn, in a preferred embodiment, the perforation device perforates the casing wall such that a perforation hole is obtained with a relatively smooth edge. Alternatively, the mechanical adjustable sealing mechanism does not form a perfect hydraulic seal and, for example, leaves a small gap at the periphery of the device. The small gap may be sized to form a sealing mechanism (if necessary) with the filler retained thereon, as well as forming a seal (if necessary) that can be removed by the circulation of fluid. Moreover, depending on the given application, it is possible that the stimulation can be carried out in an economically feasible manner, even if a perfect hydraulic seal is not achieved with a mechanical adjustable sealing mechanism.
Since the perforating device is lowered simultaneously with the adjustable sealing mechanism, all the components can have the depth controlled at the same time by the same measuring method. This eliminates the depth control problems associated with prior art methods where perforating and stimulating operations are performed with different measurement systems at different times and at different well passages. Very accurate depth control can be achieved using the casing collars locator, which is an advantageous way to control depth.
The total height of the individual perforated zones is not limited. This is in contrast to the problem inherent in prior systems employing retractable tubing using a two-piece sealant, such as a device that limits use to 4.57-9.14 m (15-30 ft) of the height of the perforated layer.
Since no fixed plugs need to be used, the increasing cost and risk of well failure associated with plug drilling operations is eliminated.
If the pull-out tubing is used as a drop-off means, it is possible that the pull-out tubing used for stimulation could be suspended from the wellhead and used as a production tubing string, which can result in significant savings by eliminating the need to install a drill tower above the well for installation. a traditional production line of pipes, consisting of connected pipes.
By controlling the sequence of the zones to be processed, individual processing steps can be optimized based on the characteristics of each zone. Moreover, the possibility of sub-optimal stimulation due to the simultaneous processing of multiple zones is substantially eliminated in that only one open group of perforations is made available for processing. For example, in the case of hydraulic breaking, the present invention can minimize the possibility of filler overflow or suboptimal positioning in the fracture. Also, if there is the problem that the treatment has to be interrupted, the zones to be stimulated above the opening will not be neglected since they are not yet perforated. This is in contrast to traditional ball sealing or retractable tube stimulation where all perforations must be shot through before stimulation can begin. If traditional retractable tube stimulation fails, it can be extremely difficult to effectively isolate and stimulate the long layer. Further, if only one group of openings is open above the seal member, fluid can circulate without being able to enter the other multiple groups of open perforations above the top seal member, which is possible with traditional pull-out tubing stimulation. This can minimize or eliminate fluid loss and formation damage, where otherwise the circulation pressure in the wellbore would exceed the pressure of the porous formation.
All machining can be done in a single well entry, which is a significant cost saving over other techniques that require multiple wire rope or rig work to feed equipment into or out of the wellbore between machining steps.
The invention may be applied to multi-stage treatments in inclined or horizontal boreholes. Typically, the use of other traditional separation technologies in inclined and horizontal wells is more difficult due to the nature of fluid transfer with the separating material over long layers, usually associated with inclined or horizontal wells.
If discards during crushing occur, the invention provides a method for circulating a fluid containing sand in the ring such that stimulation operations can be undertaken without the need to pull the unwound conduit and the BHA out of the opening. The presence of the expandable tubing provides a means for measuring the pressure in the wellbore after or during perforation
Pressure-based stimulation operations, including the pull-out tubing under cutout (or low flow rate) conditions.
The presence of the expandable piping system or the conventional interconnecting piping system, if used as an exiting means, provides a means for introducing fluid into the wellbore independently of the fluid introduced through the ring. This can be useful, for example, for additional operations such as:
a) clearing the BHA seal mechanism and the flow ports of accumulating filler (which could cause the tool to jam) by pumping fluid into the wellbore at a nominal rate to flush the seal mechanism and the flow ports;
b) wellbore fluid mixing operations (discussed below);
c) supplying acid to the wellbore during perforation to speed up the cleaning of the perforation holes and the formation of a connection with the formation and
d) independently stimulating the two zones isolated from one another by an adjustable sealing mechanism.
In this case, when the pipes are used as the dropping means, depending on the particular operations and components of the rig set, fluid may circulate still in the wellbore or only when the sealing device is energized, or only when the sealing device is de-energized. or when the equalization passages are open or closed. Depending on the particular components of the rig assembly and the particular design of the well flow control valves, which may be used, for example, as integral parts of equalization bushings components, circulation bushings components or flow bushings components, the well flow control valves may be actuated via a wire rope , in a hydraulic way, by flow, "latch j", by a sliding sleeve or by many other means known to those skilled in the art of actuating downhole flow control valves.
The retractable tubing system also allows controlled backflow through the processing steps to help clean and close the gap. Reverse flow may be through the ring between the pull conduit and casing, or alternatively, it may even be via pull conduit if excessive back flow containing filler is not a problem.
The perforating device may be a commercially available perforating system. The gun systems may include what is referred to herein as a "selective firing" system such that one perforating gun set contains multiple charges or groups of perforating charges. Each group of one or more perforating charges may be remotely controlled and fired from the surface using electrical, radio, pressure, fiber optic or other actuation signals. Each group of perforating charges can be adapted (in terms of the number of charges, number of shots per foot, hole size, penetration characteristics) to the optimal perforation of a given zone to be processed in a given step. With current selective firing technology, commercial gun systems are known which allow about 30 to 40 layers to be perforated sequentially in a single well entry. The guns can be pre-sized and adapted to fire multiple groups of perforations. The guns may be located anywhere on the rig, including either above or below a mechanical adjustable sealing mechanism.
Formation layers can be grouped for treatment based on vessel properties, design treatment, or equipment constraints. After each group of layers (preferably from 5 to about 20) at the end of the working day (often for lighting reasons), or when it is difficult to seal one or more zones, a plunger plug or other mechanical device is preferably used to isolate the group of layers already exposed. treatment from the next group to be processed. One or more selectively insertable plugs or slot baffles may be transported with the plurality of drilling rigs and positioned as needed during the finishing operation to create mechanical insulation between the perforated layers and eliminate the need for a separate lowering of the wire rope to position mechanical isolating devices or separation factors between groups of slots subjected to different processing steps.
Overall, the inventive method can easily be applied to production casing having a diameter of 11.43 cm (4.5 inches) to 17.78 cm (7 inches) with known commercially available
By arrangement of perforating guns and mechanical, adjustable sealing mechanisms. The innovative method can be applied to smaller or larger casing with mechanical, adjustable sealing mechanisms suitably adapted to the smaller or larger casing.
If selective firing perforating guns are used, each gun can be 0.6 m to 2.4 m (2 to 8 ft) long and contain 8 to 20 punch charges along the gun tube with shot concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 shots per 0.3 meters (foot), but preferably 2 to 4 shots per 0.3 meters (foot). In a preferred embodiment, as many as 15 to 20 individual guns may be installed on top of each other such that the total length of the assembled array of guns is preferably kept below about 24.38 m to 30.48 m (80 to 100 feet). This total length of the gun can be driven into the wellbore using an easily accessible surface crane and lubrication system. Larger gun lengths may also be used, but may require additional or special surface equipment depending on the total number of guns making up the perforating device. It should be noted that in certain applications, the length of the guns, the number of charges per gun, and the concentration of shots may be greater or less than those stated above, as the design of the final perforating system is affected by the characteristics intended to stimulate the formation.
In order to minimize the overall length of the gun system and the BHA, it may be desirable to use a plurality (two or more) of charge carriers, uniformly spaced around and taped, welded or otherwise attached to the unwound tubing, or attached under a mechanical adjustable sealing mechanism. For example, if 30 zones need to be stimulated, with each zone perforated with a 1.2 m (4 ft) gun, one set of guns would have a total length of approximately 45.72 meters (150 ft), which may be inconvenient to handle on a perimeter. surface.
Alternatively, two gun assemblies placed opposite each other on the pull-out tubing may be lowered, each assembly may include 15 guns and the overall length may be approximately 22.86 m (75 ft), which can be easily done on the surface at existing lubrication and lift systems.
An alternative arrangement of the guns or perforating guns may be one or more guns over the mechanical adjustable sealing mechanism. There may be two or more separate gun assemblies attached in such a way that the charges are not directed toward the components of the drill string or the expandable conduit. There may also be one unit with more densely accumulated charges and firing mechanisms adapted to firing simultaneously only a subgroup of charges in a given layer, for example all of a given phase.
While the perforating device described in this embodiment uses remotely fired charges or fluid jet cutting to perforate casing and concrete casing, alternative perforating devices, including, but not limited to, chemical dissolution or drilling and milling devices can be used within the scope of the present invention to create a flow path between the wellbore and the surrounding formation. For purposes of the present invention, the term "perforating device" has a broad meaning, including all of the above, as well as any activation device suspended in the wellbore to activate charges or other perforating means that may be carried by a casing or other means outside of the borehole assembly. or the suspension devices used to support the boring rig.
The BHA may include a drill motor or other rotation / torque supply mechanism to actuate mechanical sealing mechanisms that require rotation / torque to be activated. Such a device, together with a spatial orientation device (e.g. gyroscope or compass) allows for a directed perforation such that the perforation holes are made in a preferred geographic direction. Alternatively, if conventional fusion pipes are used, rotation and torque can be transmitted to the wellbore by direct rotation of the connected pipes using rotary drive devices that may be readily available from conventional drilling rigs used to clear the wellbore. Drilling equipment sensors for measuring well conditions (casing flange locator, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, etc.) for real-time monitoring of well stimulation parameters, reservoir properties and / or well parameters may also be omitted as part of the BHA.
PL 196 155 B1
In addition to the adjustable mechanical separation device, other materials / separation devices may be pumped into the wellbore during processing, including, but not limited to, ball seals or solid particles such as sand, ceramic, filler, salt, waxes, resins or other organic or inorganic compounds or via alternative fluid systems such as viscous fluids, gels, foams or other chemically formed fluids or other separating agents. Additional separating material can be used to minimize the duration of stimulation, as some time savings can be obtained by reducing the number of settings of the mechanical separation device and thereby achieving separation between multiple zones. For example, in a 914.4 m (3000 ft) layer where individual zones nominally 30.48 m (100 ft) apart must be treated, it may be desirable to use a mechanical adjustable separation device that operates at 152 feet intervals. , 4 m (500 ft) along the opening, and then separating each of the six areas with a separation medium carried in the working fluid. Alternatively, a limited extent technique may be used with multiple layers as subgroups of the entire layer to be treated. Either of these variations reduces the number of mechanical adjustments to the separation device, which may increase its durability.
When a string of pipes is used as an exiting medium, the pipes allow the fluid mixing devices in the downhole to be lowered and the mixing technology applied. In particular, the string of pipes may be used to pump chemicals into the wellbore and through the flow passages in the rig to mix with the fluid pumped through the ring between the pipe and casing. For example, during hydraulic crushing, it may be desirable to pump nitrogen or carbon dioxide into the wellbore through a pipe and mix the wellbore with the working fluid so as to obtain a nitrogen or carbon dioxide assisted backflow.
Such a method and such devices can be used to treat vertical, inclined or horizontal boreholes. For example, the invention provides a method of creating a plurality of vertical (or substantially vertical) fractures intersecting horizontal or inclined wells. This technique enables the economical completion of works in numerous wells from one place. It is also possible to implement a well machining with multiple departures, with the deepest outlet being treated first. Then a plug or sleeve is inserted and activated to cut off the lowest departure. The next higher outlet is then machined and another plug is inserted or the sleeve is activated to isolate that outlet and the process is repeated to process the desired number of exits in one wellbore.
If selective firing perforating guns are used, although desirable in view of maximizing the number of layers that can be processed, the use of short guns (i.e., 1.22 m (4 ft) shorter) may reduce the productivity of the well in some cases by inducing increased pressure drop in the reservoir area near the wellbore compared to the use of longer guns. Productivity can similarly be limited as long as a short layer (i.e. 1.22 m (4 ft.) or less in length) is perforated using an abrasive jet. The possibility of excessive back-flow of filler may also increase, leading to reduced stimulation efficiency. Backflow is preferably performed at a controlled, low rate to limit possible backflow of the filler. Depending on the effects of backflow, resin coated filler or alternative gun configurations may be used to improve stimulation efficiency.
Moreover, if pipes or cable are used as a lowering means to reduce the possibility of the filler eroding the pipes or cable undesirably due to direct impingement of the fluid containing the filler, when pumping into the side outlet culverts, an "insulating device" may be installed at the wellhead. The isolation device may include an orifice with a short tube attached that runs through the center of the wellhead a few feet below the culverts. The drill rig and the pipes or cable are located inside the pipes of the insulating device. Thus, the pipe of the insulating device deflects the filled flux and insulates the pipe or cable from directly hitting the filler. Such an insulating device may comprise a pipe of a suitable diameter such that it will readily permit the passage of pipes or a cable and a set of borers with the greatest outer diameter. The length of the insulating device shall be such that in the event of a failure the lower main crushing valve can still be closed and the well head lowered sufficiently to remove the insulating tool. Depending on the stimulation fluids and the injection method, an isolation device is not needed as long as there are no erosion problems. Although attempts
In the field of isolation devices, it has been shown that there are no problems with erosion, depending on the scope of the work, there may be a risk of erosion damage to the pipe assembly of the insulating tool making it difficult to remove. If an insulating tool is used, it is preferable practice to keep the speed of impact against the insulating tool well below typical erosion limits, preferably below about 54.86 m / sec (180 ft) per second, and more preferably below about 18.29 m / sec (60). feet) per second.
Another problem with this technique is that premature rejections can occur if the deflection of the fluid during pumping is not adequately controlled, as it can be difficult to initiate crushing with a fluid containing filler in the next zone to be perforated. It may be advantageous to use a KCL fluid or other non-gelling fluid or a fluid system as a primer rather than a gel base fluid to better initiate the next zone crushing. Pumping the non-gelling fluid at a faster rate between steps to achieve a turbulent flush of the casing wall minimizes the risk of filler recoil. Also backup cannons, available within the tools allow you to continue work after waiting for an appropriate time.
While the above-discussed embodiments mainly relate to the beneficial effects of the inventive process with respect to hydraulic breaking processes, this should not be interpreted as limiting the invention, which may be used in any situation where it is advantageous to perforate and perform other wellbore operations in a single pass. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various embodiments of the invention not mentioned in the examples will perform in an equivalent manner with respect to the purposes of the present invention.
Contents9
18 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18
36 members in 16 offices
Priority claims8
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18268700 | United States of America | P | |
| 24425800 | United States of America | P | |
| 0104635 | United States of America | W | |
| 60182687 | – | – | – |
| 60244258 | – | – | – |
| US20000182687P | – | – | – |
| US20000244258P | – | – | – |
| WO2001US04635 | – | – | – |
Members36
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2397460A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO0161146A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU3697801A | Australia | A | |
| WO0161146B1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | B1 | |
| US2001050172A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6394184B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2002092650A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| NO20023571D0 | Norway | D0 | |
| NO20023571L | Norway | L | |
| EP1264075A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US6520255B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2003051876A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AR027331A1 | Argentina | A1 | |
| EA200200857A1 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | A1 | |
| CN1416499A | China | A | |
| CO5300472A1 | Colombia | A1 | |
| EA004100B1 | Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) | B1 | |
| EP1264075A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| NZ520310A | New Zealand | A | |
| AU2001236978B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| PL365452A1 | Poland | A1 | |
| US2005178551A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6957701B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| UA74818C2 | Ukraine | C2 | |
| OA12171A | African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) | A | |
| US7059407B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN1281846C | China | C | |
| RO121145B1 | Romania | B1 | |
| MY132567A | Malaysia | A | |
| PL196155B1This record | Poland | B1 | |
| CA2397460C | Canada | C | |
| EP2282002A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP2282002A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| NO330514B1 | Norway | B1 | |
| EP2282002B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| EP1264075B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Rectifications of patent specificationRECP | RECP |
Numbers
- Publication
- 196155
- Publication, DOCDB
- 196155
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL196155B
- Application
- 365452
- Application, DOCDB
- 36545201
- Application, EPODOC
- PL20010365452
Titles2
- English
- METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STIMULATION OF MULTIPLE FORMATION INTERVALS
- Polish
- Sposób i urządzenie do perforowania i obróbki licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji przeciętych przez odwiert oraz układ stymulacyjny stosowany przy perforowaniu i obróbce licznych warstw jednej lub kilku podziemnych formacji, przeciętych przez odwiert
Classification
- CPC, 7
- E21B43/11
- E21B23/001
- E21B23/14
- E21B33/12
- E21B43/14
- E21B43/25
- E21B2023/008
- IPC, 4
- E21B33 124
- E21B33 12
- E21B43 117
- E21B43 26
