Open-cut mining machine and machine for testing cutting workability of critical mined material

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a machine for opencast mining and a machine for testing the workability of cutting critical material, especially designed for continuous operation, a self-propelled machine for testing the workability of mineral resources and separating layers, as well as properties critical for opencast mining, from the point of detachment and forwarding .

Especially as a testing machine (auxiliary machine), it is used to easily and cheaply determine the optimal parameters of the machine as a basis for adapting the surface mining machine (final machine) to the specific geological conditions of a new area of ​​application, but which is also suitable for use as a small, an uncomplicated machine for opencast mining of mineral resources in a small deposit and exposing these raw materials.

From the German application DE 199 41 799.7, a surface mining machine with a cylinder-shaped cutting part is known for the selective mining of mineral resources present in sedimentary layers and for exposing these raw materials. It consists of a lower part with a three-track undercarriage, the lower part has an upper part with a drive unit and a steering position.

In the direction of travel and at the same time the cutting direction, a module with a milling roller, consisting of a transverse frame, a milling roller and a receiving chute, is permanently mounted on the upper part in front of the three-track chassis. In the direction of transporting the breakout material, downstream of the module with the milling roller, a discharge belt is located in the area of ​​the lower and upper part, followed by a loading conveyor belt which is pivotably arranged on the upper part. Hydraulic jacks are provided on both sides between the lower part and the upper part as adjusting elements for adjusting the height of the milling roller in relation to the running ground surface and thus for adjusting the milling depth. The hydraulic jacks are actuated independently of each other.

Due to the rigid arrangement of the module with the milling cylinder on the upper part, the milling depth is changed when the cutting of the block to be machined is started and when the block is exited from the block to be machined. Since the machine always runs on the freshly detached ground when the milling roller is placed in front of the undercarriage, the diameter of the cutting wheel formed by the cutters during the cutting in the block to be cut is again placed in the middle position, so that the machine cuts a constant block height. If it is required to position the milling roller transversely to the driving direction obliquely to the surface of the running ground, this can be achieved by different drives of hydraulic jacks.

Thanks to the stable and high-strength design of the machine, smooth operation of the milling roller is achieved, even when working with hard material. Starting from the expected cutting power, machine parameters such as the size of the machine, drive power, cutting speed and the feed speed of the surface mining machine are determined. The selection of the number and arrangement of cutting tools and the device guiding the shredded material and the device ejecting the shredded material on the circumference of the milling cylinder, as well as the very selection of the cutting tools take place depending on the properties of the material to be cut and the grain size requirements. In addition, the tool life plays an important role.

If a surface mining machine is to be prepared for use in a certain area which has other critical properties than the previously known fields of application, and the specific requirements of the machine cannot be derived empirically, it is first determined by theoretical recognition and practical experience the envisaged the required drive power, the geometry of the milling cylinder is determined and the most appropriate tools are selected. At the same time, under comparable conditions of use, the experience obtained also has an influence. If, however, during trial operation, it turns out that the adjustment of the machine was not optimal, corrections are made.

In the simplest case, better results are already achieved with other tools that are easily replaceable as wear parts. In extreme cases, however, the necessary changes can only be achieved by rebuilding the machine, for example by equipping it with a different milling roller and by equipping it with a more powerful drive. The costs for this increase linearly with the size, capacity and technical equipment of the machine.

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The reasons for the uncertainty in adapting the machine to opencast mining under specific conditions of use are that these conditions can be very extreme and multi-layered. Also in laboratory experiments, practical use cases can never be simulated with 100% certainty.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple machine structure with which, for widely differentiated application cases, experiments on the machine behavior (vibration, noise, cutting method and wear resistance) during use can be carried out directly on site. These reconnaissance results obtained with the test machine should then be carried out in the opencast mining machine, which due to its design is larger and technically more comprehensively equipped. The machine, being a smaller, simple construction machine for opencast excavation, should also be suitable for removing separating layers and for extracting less thick mineral resources.

A machine for opencast mining and a machine for testing the workability of cutting critical material, consisting of a crawler undercarriage, a machine frame with a drive unit, an operator's station and a milling roller, spreading over the entire width of the machine and placed in the direction of travel in front of the undercarriage, rotating under-rotating around a horizontal axis rotation perpendicular to the direction of travel, working in a way that allows it to be raised and lowered, which is provided with cutting tools, guide plates and ejector plates, the milling roller being functionally connected to the ring chute, according to the invention, characterized in that the total weight, drive power and processing capacity of the machine (testing machine) in relation to the machine for opencast mining (final machine) are smaller in a certain ratio, and the peripheral speed of the cutting tools and the force acting on the cutting tool are however of the same value, and in order to optimize the cutting efficiency, the rotational speed of the roll and the feed rate are infinitely variable.

Advantageously, the milling roller is pivotally arranged on the machine frame and a transverse inclination adjustment is provided on one of the two sides by means of a vertical adjustment of the tilting device with respect to the machine frame.

Preferably, in order to change the height of the milling roller, it is equipped with a support frame, designed as a pivoting arm in the form of a fork, which is articulated with the machine frame, and between the two free ends of the support frame there are bearings with which the milling roller is secured. by its shaft, the indexing member being a hydraulic jack arranged between the machine frame and the supporting frame.

Preferably, the articulated connection of the support frame to the machine frame consists of a right and left joint, each having one pivot pin, one of the two pivots being fixed on the machine frame and the other being positioned in a height-sliding position. the pivot pin on the side of the pivot allowing height adjustment with respect to its total length is placed in the center of the support frame and on one side guided in a vertical groove which is in a support belonging to the machine frame and on the other side is functionally connected to leveling hydraulic jack, and the articulated joints of the pins with the machine frame are self-aligning bearings.

Preferably, both the cutting tools and the guide plates in the total number of rows extend in a spiral form in the direction of rotation from the center outwards, and the rotational speed of the roller and the feed rate are varied according to the size of the cutting block surface such that the pressure acting on the blades of the cutting tools is as large as that of the strip cutter (final machine).

Advantageously, additional weights can be attached to increase the weight of the machine and change the position of the center of gravity of the machine.

Preferably, operation by the machine operator is provided either directly from the operator's position or from outside by means of a remote control apparatus.

With the test machine according to the invention, substantially the same working movements, essential for mining operations, can be carried out as with the surface excavator machine to be optimized, but the test machine can be made smaller and structurally simpler and thus considerably significantly. lighter and cheap enough that it can be transported and used to any place of use.

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To obtain data for a surface mining machine (final machine), certain assumptions must be met. Thus, the total weight, drive power and processing capacity of the testing machine must be smaller in a certain proportion than that of the strip cutter, and the force acting on the cutting tool (knife) must, however, have the same value. Due to the fact that approximately the same force is exerted on the cutting tool as on the final machine, the peripheral speed of the milling roll and the feed rate of the testing machine can be varied continuously.

The disclosed device for adjusting the milling roll along its height and for lateral inclination with respect to the ground is realized by means of only two hydraulic jacks. Due to the easy pivoting of the milling cylinder with the aid of an indexing cylinder, different cutting depths are achieved.

Changing the transverse slope of the milling roll is required when mineral deposits whose surface is inclined or convex in a direction transverse to the feed direction are to be exposed or accessible. The mining technology provides that after removing the transverse slope, while removing all the following layers below, the axis of the milling roller is aligned parallel to the ground.

Shank cutters are provided for equipping the milling roll with cutting tools. They are available in various designs in terms of design, hardness and material. During milling tests of shank knives, the suitability of various materials and their heating as well as wear resistance of the knife's basic material are assessed.

The knife holders are provided with slots by means of which the knife holders are protected against wear and the rotational movement required for even wear and the self-sharpening effect of the milling arbor knives is facilitated. These seats are also wear parts and can be replaced if necessary. In order to increase the availability of the opencast mining machine (final machine), tests are also carried out with the test machine to increase the durability and thus the period between the successive replacements of these seats.

Since in the case of the testing machine, in order to obtain comparable results, the number of cutting tools must also be reduced compared to the final machine, the cutting tools are placed only on one spiral line. By changing the rotational speed of the cylinder and the feed rate, the same force acting on the cutting tool is achieved as in the final machine.

The breakout material is deposited between two individual tracks of the undercarriage and loaded onto the rear tipper.

The operation of a large surface mining machine (final machine) can be simulated and tested at the site of use with the test machine thus created. Due to the reduction of the machine compared to the surface excavator and the reduction of the total weight, driving power and processing capacity in a fixed, predetermined ratio, and the same value of cutting speed and cutting force, the test results can be transferred to the final machine.

Due to the variations of the cutting speed and feed rate, as well as the interchangeability and adaptability of individual parts important for cutting in terms of power and wear, which can be used with the specific design of the testing machine, various tests can be carried out to optimize the machine and increase productivity. Transposing the test results to the surface mining machine (final machine) is simpler and cheaper than in the case of complementary research and optimization of the surface mining machine.

The testing machine can also be used as a surface mining machine. This applies primarily to the access and exploitation of smaller deposits of mineral resources.

The subject of the invention is shown in the embodiment in the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows the entire machine in perspective view, fig. 2 - the machine according to fig. 1 in a side view, fig. 3 - an indexing arrangement for the milling roll on the machine, fig. a perspective view, fig. 4, a separate view of the machine frame with tracked undercarriage, and fig. 5 a front view of the machine part of fig. 4.

The drawing shows a preferred embodiment of the machine which, as a testing machine, is suitable for optimally adapting the surface mining machine (final machine) to the specific application conditions, and which, however, can also be used as a surface mining machine.

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The presented machine is intended to constitute a testing machine for a surface mining machine in the form according to the German patent application DE 199 41 799.7.

The special features are the placement of the milling roll in the cutting direction in front of the chassis, the upward rotational direction of the milling roll, and the adjustable height of the milling roll and the transverse inclination relative to the ground surface. These functional characteristics must be met by a testing machine in order to be able to draw conclusions on the adaptation of the surface mining machine to the specific geological conditions in a new field of application.

According to Figs. 1 and 2, the machine consists of a double-track chassis 1 and a machine frame 2. The frame 2 of the machine houses the drive unit 3 and the operator's station 4. In the cutting direction, the milling roller 5 is placed in front of the chassis 1.

The mining technology for this type of opencast mining machine envisages that the machine cuts the down ramp in the starting position, then removes the roughly equal height of the cutting block and finally cuts the up ramp. Then, in the same way, adjacent blocks are cut in the changing direction of progress. In order to accommodate or remove an onlay or a deck with an oblique surface inclined transversely to the direction of travel, the parallel position of the milling roller 5 to the ground surface must be changed to an inclined position. This also applies to the cutting of concave or convex beds.

The displacement of the milling roll 5 to implement this mining technology is achieved by means of two adjusting mechanisms. The first, main indexing mechanism provides for the deflection of the milling roll 5 with respect to the machine frame 2, and thus a height offset with respect to the ground surface 6, and the transverse inclination of the milling roll 5 with respect to the ground surface 6 can be changed by means of a second, additional indexing mechanism, on which the machine travels in the longitudinal direction.

The main shifting mechanism includes the support frame 7 shown in full in Fig. 2 and in the form of a breakout in Fig. 3. It is constructed as a full-walled structure and in the cutting direction and at the same time in the direction of travel at the front of the machine frame 2 pivoted on the right 8 and left joints. 9. The free end of this support frame 7 is designed as forks and provided with bearings for the shaft of the milling roller 5a. On both sides of the support frame 7 are mounted drives 10 which are functionally connected to the shaft of the milling roller 5a.

A hydraulic jack 11 is provided for the pivoting movement of the support frame 7 and thus the adjustment at the height of the milling roller 5. Of the two joints 8 and 9, which connect the support frame 7 with the frame 2 of the machine, the left 9 is fixed and the right 8 is designed to allow adjust the height. Both joints 8 and 9 consist of two connecting pins 8a and 9a located on a common axis of rotation 12.

A connecting pin 8a of the articulation 8 with an adjustable height fixes the support frame 7 in the center, which at one end is slidably inserted in a vertical guide groove 8b, which, according to Figs. 3 and 4, is in the support 2a belonging to the frame of the machine 2 and is functionally connected at its other end to a leveling cylinder 8c articulated to the frame 2 of the machine. Thus, by driving the leveling cylinder 8c, a change in the transverse slope of the milling roll 5 can be achieved. The freedom of movement required in both joints 8 and 9 for adjusting the transverse slope is achieved by the use of self-aligning bearings.

By means of this adjusting device, the milling roller 5 can be adjusted by two hydraulic jacks 11 and 8c not only in height, but also from its position parallel to the ground surface 6.

The cylinder shell 5b has a cylindrical shape. On it, single-row, in the form of a spiral, not only strips of sheet metal for mounting tool holders of cutting tools 13 made as milling arbor knives are welded, but also not shown in the drawing guide sheets for transporting the output to the center of the machine transversely to the direction of travel.

The transport space of the detached material, delimited from the inside by the roll shell 5a and outside by the diameter of the cutting wheel of the milling cutter in the area of ​​the milling roll 5, is physically delimited from the outside in the direction of the cutting block by means of an annular trough 14 movable in the machine frame 6. This annular trough 14 it is provided with an opening in the center of the machine through which the debris can reach the surface of the substrate 6 and remains there as a mound. The ring gutter 14 is extended in the direction of rotation of the roller by means of a sheet metal cover 18.

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As in the surface mining machine according to the German patent application DE 199 41 799.7, in the testing machine the material to be cut is detached from the cutting block by means of a cutting tool 13 placed on the milling roller 5 and taken in the direction of its rotation. In this case, in the outer regions of the milling roller 5, the loosened material is additionally conveyed into the center of the machine.

After the cut material leaves the area of ​​the cutting block, it is guided by the annular chute 14 and in the area of ​​the through hole, thanks to its centrifugal force and the ejector plates, it is thrown out onto the surface of the substrate 6. To obtain a free space between the hole in the annular trough 14 and the ground surface 6 between the two single tracks 1a and 1b, the lower part in the form of a machine frame 2 according to Fig. 5 it is made in the form of a gate.

Two guide plates 15 keep the material to be cut away from the double-track undercarriage 1. From the ground surface 6, the cut material can then be picked up by an auxiliary device and loaded onto a rear tipper. It is also possible to provide an additional discharge conveyor for the discharge of the processed material and thus avoid temporary storage on the surface of the substrate 6.

The operation of the machine is carried out easily according to its operation. All functions are regulated by remote control. Depending on the choice, the machine operator can control the machine from operator's position 4 or from outside.

Due to its simple construction, the weight of the test machine is also low. If this weight is not sufficient to achieve favorable cutting conditions when adjusting the machine due to the vibrations or insufficient pressure of the milling roll, the weight of the machine can be increased by additional weights 16 and 17 on the support frame 7 for the milling roll 5 and at the opposite end of the frame 2 machines. Due to these weights 16 and 17, the position of the center of gravity of the machine can also be changed. As a result, better working and driving conditions can be achieved.

In order to obtain, at low cost, the test machine results that can be used for the optimized final fabrication of a surface mining machine, parameters such as total weight, drive power and throughput are transferred to the final machine as fixed, smaller relative quantities. The peripheral speed of the cutting tool 13 and the force acting on each individual cutting tool 13 in the testing machine and in the strip cutter should be the same value.

The amounts of the mean width of cut and depth of cut of cutting tool 13 are selected such that their values ​​are close to each other. In order to obtain the optimal values ​​for the application case during the test, the travel speed of the machine, which is also the feed speed, and the rotational speed of the cylinder, which determines the peripheral speed and, at the same time, the cutting speed of the cutting tools 13, are variable.

With the machine shown, the following important parts can be tested and selected, and parameters and features such as: suitable cutting tool 13, not showing much wear design of the tool holder, possibility of changing cutting tools 13, number of cutting tools 13, distance between cutting tools 13, not showing much wear shape of the guide plates in the shape of a spiral, determining the optimal cutting speed, determining the required cutting power , determining the optimal feed speed, Optimum machine weight and optimum position of the machine's center of gravity.

Cutting tools 13 in the form of pin milling cutters are available in various designs with respect to their dimensions and material. Shank cutters are selected that provide the best conditions for a given field of application. The number of milling pin cutters on the cylinder shell 5b together with the cutting speed and the feed rate is decisive for the cutting efficiency and the grain size of the obtained material. Since the milling pin knives can only be placed on the shell 5b of the roll on the total number of lines in the direction of rotation in a V-shape and the spacing of the milling pin knives should be consistent in the test machine and in the surface excavator, it is inevitable that between the two machines, there will be differences in the ratio of the number of milling arbor knives per unit area of ​​the cutting block.

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In order to obtain results in the test machine that can be used by the surface excavator, the feed rate of the test machine is varied such that the pressure on the cutter bar is as large as the likely pressure on the cutter bar of the strip cutter.

The guide plates placed on the roller shell 5b, used for transverse transport of the spoil, can be optimized on the basis of signs of wear occurring in the trial operation.

The optimal cutting speed and feed rate are determined during the test operation by adjusting the drive for optimal cutting performance.

The machine can be used not only as a testing machine to optimize a larger surface mining machine, but also as a simple surface mining machine.