Plant vegetation beeding in the form of a web

The subject of the invention is a banded substrate for plant vegetation and a structural mat, having a loop mat, placed on at least one primer layer. The structured mat is a substrate and plant material suitable for germination, including seeds, shoots, spores or entire shoots, with the entire layers of the substrate shifted relative to each other.

Band-like substrates for plant vegetation are known, for example, from European patent specification EP 0 172 839 BI and German description DE 42 19 275 C2. Such and similar banded substrates for plant vegetation are especially used for roof greening. In order to green a flat or sloping roof with these types of mats, the above-mentioned bands are laid next to each other on the roof, with all the bands placed next to each other in frontal contact. The strip substrates are laid directly on the roof surface or on a roof layer. Prior to laying on the roof, the streaked substrates are usually subjected to preliminary cultivation, that is, the substrates for vegetation of plants before they are laid on the roof are filled with primer and germination plant material. Plant seeds, round-leaf shoots and moss spores are particularly suitable as germination material.

The structural mat of such substrates for plant vegetation is used to maintain and integrate the underlying material and plant elements. Placed under a structured mat, a porous backing layer usually consisting of coconut fibers, rockwool, non-woven material or other suitable materials is used for water storage, drainage and for maintaining the roots of plants and as a layer separating outflowing water.

Previously known vegetation substrates do their job well. However, it turned out that, especially with longer periods of drought, the adjacent ground strands shrink, resulting in gaps between the individual strands. These gaps not only interfere with the optical appearance, but also create a danger of the wind force affecting the lower sides of the banded substrates, as a result of which these bands can be raised under the influence of wind, and the roof greening can be at least partially destroyed. Once the strip substrates with the backing material have been laid, the backing material may be eroded by wind through gaps caused by shrinkage.

From German description DE 38 15 662 A1 a flat element is known for use in the construction of gardens, which has at least two independently formed layers, at least one of which has the structure itself. The lower layer is formed by a drainage plate, on which the upper layer is located as a plant vegetation plate, consisting for the most part of natural organic material. To form the whole, the two plates are joined together. Both panels are made in a quadrangular form with the same length and width, with the vegetation panel being the top plate being offset parallel to the bottom drainage plate.

By moving the top plate intended for vegetation of plants, relative to the drainage plate, one wants to achieve that between adjacent elements there are no through grooves between the underlay applied instead of the top plate and the flat roof on which such a flat element is laid. Because, with the known flat element, a displacement between the complete vegetation plate equipped with the vegetation bed and the drainage plate underneath is provided so that the vegetation plates are next to each other without contact, so the previously mentioned shrinkage gaps also arise when using such flat elements.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a banded substrate for plant vegetation in which the consequences caused by shrinkage of layers due to drying are eliminated or compensated.

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Banded vegetation substrate with a structured mat, especially a loop mat placed on at least one backing layer, and the structured mat is filled with a germination medium and plant material, especially seeds, shoots, spores or parts of shoots, with the substrate layers being offset from each other according to the invention is characterized in that the structured mat is shifted on the backing layer in such a way that the first side edge area of ​​the structured mat protrudes above the first side edge of the backing layer, and the opposing second side edge area of ​​the backing layer protrudes under the second side edge of the structured mat so that the structural mat and backing layer of adjacent substrate strips for plant vegetation overlap tab.

Preferably, in the substrate of the invention, the fold of the banded vegetation medium is even on both sides, wherein the fold of the banded vegetation medium on both sides has a width of 2 to 20 cm. The undercoat of the substrate according to the invention is a mat of regrowth materials, preferably of coconut fibers. The undercoat is a mineral wool mat. The undercoat is a mat made of fabric fibers. The backing layer is a nonwoven made of artificial fibers.

Preferably, in the substrate of the invention, the structured mat and backing layer are 0.5 to 2 m wide, and the banded vegetation substrate is 0.5 to 10 cm thick.

The structured mat is formed of organic material, preferably the organic material of the structured mat is coconut.

Banded vegetation substrate with a structured mat, especially a loop mat placed on at least one backing layer, the structured mat being filled with germination medium and plant material, in particular seeds, shoots, spores or parts of shoots, with the substrate layers being shifted relative to according to the invention is also characterized in that the bottom side of the structured mat is connected to the nonwoven fabric, and the non-woven fabric is placed on the backing layer so that the first side edge area of ​​the non-woven fabric protrudes above the first side edge of the backing layer and the opposite, the second side edge area of ​​the backing layer protrudes under the second side edge of the nonwoven fabric so that the non-woven fabric and the backing layer of adjacent banded vegetation substrates overlap.

Preferably, the nonwoven is a polyester nonwoven. The substrate structural mat according to the invention is filled with substrate and plant material capable of germination, especially seeds, shoots, spores or parts of shoots, and the banded substrate for plant vegetation is a fully green product.

The structured mat is formed of organic material, preferably the organic material of the structured mat is coconut.

Although there is also such an overlap in the known flat element, it does not apply, however, to the banded vegetation substrate itself, but to the drainage plate fixed under the substrate. There are no overlaps in the construction of the known plant vegetation element or the known plant vegetation plate.

By arranging the undercoat and the structural mat according to the invention, a surprisingly simple band-forming substrate for plants is created, in which the effects of shrinkage caused by drying are compensated or eliminated.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the backing layer and / or the material layer with the substrate are also protected against harmful wind effects when shrinking, whereas the prior art drainage plate is subjected to the harmful effects of wind when it shrinks due to drying.

In the present invention, if the two strands of the substrate are in contact, the structured mat of one strand covers the backing layer of the other strand of the substrate. On shrinkage of both substrate strands due to drying, the structural mat of one substrate strand still covers at least the edge area of ​​the undercoat layer of the other substrate strand. The base layer of the substrate strand rests at least partially freely, but the forces arising from the wind cannot affect the lower sides of the strand substrate or cause erosion of any underlying substrate. Also the optical impression is not impaired because the undercoat layers are made

189 364 are usually of relatively dark material, and the edge areas of the vegetation substrates are covered with plants growing on them.

When plants on the substrate band have been growing for a long time and their roots have already grown through the structural mat into the undercoat, shrinkage due to drying can be almost completely eliminated. In this case, the plant roots in the overhang area of ​​the structural mat of the banded substrate grow into the undercoat of the second banded substrate. As a result of such root growth, the contacting banded substrates mesh with each other so that the processes caused by drying are stopped or at least significantly slowed down.

Preferably, the fold on both sides of the banded substrate is uniform, with the fold width in a practical embodiment of the invention being 2 to 20 cm. In this way, a large number of banded plant vegetation substrates according to the invention can be arranged such that the structural mats and porous backing layers always touch each other, and the overhang areas of the structural mat completely cover the free areas of the porous backing layers. So you can create a compact whole consisting of a large number of banded substrates and ensuring compact vegetation.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the porous backing layer is a mat of regrowth raw materials such as, for example, coconut fibers, or mineral wool or fabric fibers. These types of mats are especially suitable for storing water and nutrient materials, and also provide good drainage and provide the substrate for plants. When it comes to obtaining nutrients through the decay process, mainly coconut or fabric fiber mats are used, while when it comes to fire protection, mineral fiber mats are used.

In another embodiment of the invention, the backing layer is made of non-woven or artificial fibers. The non-woven fabric is especially suitable for laying stripy substrates on sloping roofs, as the nonwoven fabric can absorb the tensile forces that arise.

In a practical embodiment of the invention, the structured mat and backing layer are 0.5 to 2 m wide and the plant vegetation substrate is 0.5 to 10 cm thick.

Furthermore, in the solution according to the invention, the structured mat is equipped on its underside with a nonwoven, preferably a polyester nonwoven. This type of polyester non-woven fabric, which can form a very thin layer, e.g. 0.2 to 3 mm thick, is very well suited to absorbing tensile forces, especially on sloping roofs, while allowing plant roots to grow into the porous undercoat.

The subject of the invention is shown in the embodiments of the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a cross-section through a banded vegetation substrate according to the invention, in a first embodiment, Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the banded vegetation substrate according to the invention in of the second embodiment, and Figure 3 - shows a cross section through part of an area of ​​two side by side banded plant vegetation substrates according to the invention.

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a banded vegetation medium 10 according to the invention. It has a structured mat 12 placed on the porous backing layer 14. The structured mat 12, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, is formed in the form of a loop mat 16 containing a large number of threads, e.g. of plastic or the like, forming a kind of structure, with what free spaces are created between the threads. The thickness or height of the loop mat 16 is about 10 mm. Instead of the loop mat 16, a fabric mat not shown can be used as the structural mat 12 according to the invention.

The side edge area 18 of the structured mat 12 projects beyond the side edge 20 of the backing layer 14 to form a overhang. On the opposite side of the banded vegetation substrate 10, the side edge area 22 of the backing layer 14 projects beyond the side edge 24 of the structured mat 12, forming a protruding shoulder.

In the manner described, the structured mat 12 and the porous backing layer 14 overlap to form a kind of overlap.

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a banded vegetation medium 10 according to the invention. In this case, structured mat 12 is placed

189 364 on the backing layer 14 similarly to the embodiment according to Fig. 1, however, here the structured mat 12 has a nonwoven 28 on its bottom side 26. The nonwoven 22 is a polyester nonwoven. The nonwoven fabric 28, when laid on sloping roofs, serves to absorb the resulting tensile forces.

Figure 3 shows, for example, the arrangement of two banded vegetation media 10a and 10b according to the invention. Both band substrates for vegetation of plants 10a and 10b have a structure corresponding to the structure shown in Fig. 2. Band vegetation substrates 10a and 10b with their side edges 20a and 20b of the primer layers 14a and 14b, or side edges 24b and 24a of structural mats 12a and 12b, as well as the edges 30a and 30b of the nonwoven polyester; butt-laid. The overlapping side edge area 18a of the structured mat 12a of the banded substrate 10a rests in the area of ​​the side edge 22b of the porous backing layer 14b of the banded vegetation substrate 10b.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3, structural mats 12a and 12b are filled at least partially with substrate 22. The substrate may be organic material such as humus, peat, bovine fertilizer or the like, or a granular mineral material such as sand, gravel or the like , or a mixture of both types of materials.

It is also indicated in Figure 3 that the plant 34, with its roots 36, maintains both in the voids of the structural mat 12a or 12b and in the undercoat layer 14b or 14a. Due to this root growth of the plant 34, the overlapping areas of the structural mat 12a of the band vegetation substrate 10a join with the backing layer 14b of the band vegetation substrate 10b.

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UP Department of Publications. Circulation of 50 copies

Price PLN 2.00