Sub-oriental high-altitude highly efficient telecommunication system
Abstract
A wireless telecommunications system comprising a plurality of telecommunications nodes (28) that include receivers and transmitters that are located in a sub-orbital plane. The telecommunications signals are broadband digital radio signals which are modulated by code division multiple access spread spectrum technology. The receivers include a plurality of antennae (48) that are operative to receive relatively weak telecommunications signals and which use spatial processing to identify their source so that maximum utilization of the spectrum is made available for use by the telecommunications signals without interference.

Term
Term ended
Expired 7 June 2016, 10.3 years ago.
- Priority
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22 claims: 4 independent, 18 dependent
- 1A method of suborbital wireless communication, which consists in setting up at least one relay station at a height predetermined for receiving and transmitting telecommunication signals from one of the earth stations, receiving it at that arranged relay, and then transmitting it to the other earth station. , wherein during the transmission and reception of signals to and from the earth stations and other relay stations, the set relay station is maintained at a predetermined height, the predetermined height being in the range from 19 to 56 km and that the movement of this relay station is controlled by in such a way that, after the current height and / or position of this relay station has been determined, it is moved from a current height and / or position to a predetermined height and / or position, according to patent 180 378, characterized in that a series of telecommunication nodes are installed that define the network, nodes are placed in the suborbital plane at a height of about 19 to 56 km above the ground and these nodes are maintained in a selected geographical position in the suborbital plane, equipping each node with a device for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio-telecommunication signals via a wireless telecommunication channel between this node on the suborbital plane and a terrestrial telecommunication device, equipping each node with a series of antennas adapted to receive relatively weak radio telecommunication signals from the source, the telecommunications signals are modulated by the code division multiple access technique, the telecommunications signals received by each of the antennas are decoded, the node recognizes the terrestrial data of the telecommunications apparatus through the code identification, and the sensitivity of the nodes is increased with the antennas and decoding devices, detects and receives relatively weak telecommunications signals, ensuring maximum and interference-free use of spectrum by telecommunications signals. 1. Sposób bezprzewodowej łączności suborbitalnej, polegający na tym, że ustawia się co najmniej jedną stację przekaźnikową na wysokości uprzednio ustalonej dla odbioru i nadawania sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych z jednej ze stacji naziemnych, odbiera się go na tej ustawionej stacji przekaźnikowej, a następnie transmituje się do drugiej stacji naziemnej, przy czym w trakcie nadawania i odbioru sygnałów do i ze stacji naziemnych i pozostałych stacji przekaźnikowych tę ustawioną stację przekaźnikową utrzymuje się na uprzednio ustalonej wysokości, przy czym ta uprzednio ustalona wysokość mieści się w granicach od 19 do 56 km i że przemieszczaniem tej stacji przekaźnikowej steruje się w ten sposób, że po stwierdzeniu aktualnej wysokości i/lub położenia tej stacji przekaźnikowej, przemieszcza się ją z aktualnej wysokości i/lub położenia do uprzednio ustalonej wysokości i/lub położenia, według patentu 180 378, znamienny tym, że instaluje się szereg węzłów telekomunikacyjnych, które wyznaczają sieć, umieszcza się węzły w płaszczyźnie suborbitalnej na wysokości około 19 do 56 km nad ziemią i utrzymuje się te węzły w wybranym położeniu geograficznym na płaszczyźnie suborbitalnej, wyposaża się każdy węzeł w urządzenie do nadawania i odbioru szerokopasmowych cyfrowych sygnałów radio - telekomunikacyjnych przez bezprzewodowy kanał telekomunikacyjny pomiędzy tym węzłem na płaszczyźnie suborbitalnej i naziemnym urządzeniem telekomunikacyjnym, wyposaża się każdy węzeł w szereg anten przystosowanych do odbioru stosunkowo słabych radiowych sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych ze źródła, moduluje się sygnały telekomunikacyjne poprzez technikę rozszerzenia widma za pomocą wielodostępu z podziałem kodowym, dekoduje się sygnały telekomunikacyjne odbierane przez każdą z anten, przy czym węzeł rozpoznaje dane naziemne urządzenia telekomunikacyjnego poprzez identyfikację kodową oraz zwiększa się czułość węzłów przy pomocy anten i urządzeń dekodujących, przy czym wykrywa się i odbiera stosunkowo słabe sygnały telekomunikacyjne, zapewniając maksymalne i bezinterferencyjne wykorzystanie widma przez sygnały telekomunikacyjne.
- 12A suborbital wireless communication system, comprising at least two earth stations with transmitters and receivers of telecommunications signals, and at least one relay station with a receiver and transmitter of telecommunications signals, located at a predetermined height above the ground and equipped with devices to control the vertical displacement of this relay station on a predetermined basis. the agreed height and maintaining it at that height, the predetermined height also being in the range 19 to 56 km, and that the relay station also comprises devices for controlling the horizontal displacement of the at least one relay station to the predetermined position and keeping it there;the devices being composed of devices for selectively or simultaneously identifying the actual and predetermined height or position of the relay station and of devices for moving it from a current height or position to a predetermined height or position according to patent 180 378, characterized in that it is composed of a series of telecommunications nodes located in the suborbital plane at a height of approximately 19 to 56 km above the ground, has means for keeping these nodes at selected geographic positions on the suborbital plane, each of the telecommunications nodes consists of a device for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio signals via a wireless telecommunications channel between this node on the suborbital plane and the terrestrial telecommunications device, modulated using the technique spectrum extension with code division multiple access, the devices for transmitting and receiving radio telecommunications signals (20, 18, 138) consist of a plurality of antennas for receiving relatively weak telecommunications signals from terrestrial telecommunications devices, and are equipped with decoding devices for telecommunications signals received by each of the antennas recognized by a node of a given terrestrial telecommunications device through their code identification, the antennas and decoding devices for increasing the sensitivity of the node being devices for detecting and receiving relatively weak telecommunications signals, ensuring maximum and interference-free use of spectrum by telecommunications signals. 12. System bezprzewodowej łączności suborbitalnej, zawierający co najmniej dwie stacje naziemne z nadajnikami i odbiornikami sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych, oraz co najmniej jedną stację przekaźnikową z odbiornikiem i nadajnikiem sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych, umieszczoną na uprzednio określonej wysokości nad ziemią i wyposażoną w urządzenia sterujące pionowym przemieszczaniem tej stacji przekaźnikowej na uprzednio ustaloną wysokość i utrzymaniem się na tej wysokości, przy czym ta uprzednio ustalona wysokość mieści się także w granicach od 19 do 56 km, i że stacja przekaźnikowa zawiera także urządzenia sterujące poziomym przemieszczaniem co najmniej jednej stacji przekaźnikowej do uprzednio określonego położenia i utrzymaniem jej w tym położeniu, przy czym urządzenia te są złożone z urządzeń selektywnej lub jednoczesnej identyfikacji aktualnej i uprzednio określonej wysokości lub położenia stacji przekaźnikowej oraz z urządzeń do jej przemieszczania z aktualnej wysokości lub położenia do uprzednio określonej wysokości lub położenia według patentu 180 378, znamienny tym, że jest złożony z szeregu węzłów telekomunikacyjnych, umieszczonych w płaszczyźnie suborbitalnej na wysokości około 19 do 56 km nad ziemią, posiada środki do utrzymywania tych węzłów w wybranych położeniach geograficznych na płaszczyźnie suborbitalnej, każdy z węzłów telekomunikacyjnych składa się z urządzenia do nadawania i odbioru szerokopasmowych, cyfrowych sygnałów radiowych przez bezprzewodowy kanał telekomunikacyjny pomiędzy tym węzłem na płaszczyźnie suborbitalnej i naziemnym urządzeniem telekomunikacyjnym, modulowanych przy zastosowaniu techniki rozszerzenia widma za pomocą wielodostępu z podziałem kodowym, przy czym urządzenia do nadawania i odbioru radiowych sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych (20, 1l8, 138) składają się z szeregu anten do odbioru z naziemnych urządzeń telekomunikacyjnych stosunkowo słabych sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych, oraz są wyposażone w urządzenia dekodujące sygnały telekomunikacyjne odbierane przez każdą z anten z rozpoznaniem przez węzeł danego naziemnego urządzenia telekomunikacyjnego poprzez ich identyfikację kodową przy czym anteny i urządzenia dekodujące do zwiększania czułości węzła stanowią urządzenia do wykrywania i odbierania stosunkowo słabych sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych, zapewniając maksymalne i bezzakłóceniowe wykorzystanie widma przez sygnały telekomunikacyjne.
- 15System according to p. The apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio communication signals (20, 118, 138) via the wireless communication channel comprises at least one transmitter and a receiver equipped with a plurality of duplex communication channels. 15. System według zastrz. 12, znamienny tym, że urządzenie do nadawania i odbioru szerokopasmowych cyfrowych radiowych sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych (20, 118, 138) przez bezprzewodowy kanał telekomunikacyjny składa się z co najmniej jednego nadajnika i odbiomiką wyposażonych w szereg dupleksowych kanałów telekomunikacyjnych.
- 22System according to p. The apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio telecommunications signals via a radio communication channel comprises at least one transmitter and receiver having a plurality of half-duplex communication channels. 22. System według zastrz. 12, znamienny tym, że urządzenie do nadawania i odbioru szerokopasmowych cyfrowych radiowych sygnałów telekomunikacyjnych przez radiowy kanał telekomunikacyjny składa się z co najmniej jednego nadajnika i odbiornika, wyposażonych w szereg półdupleksowych kanałów telekomunikacyjnych.
Independent claims4
65 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to a method and system for wireless sub-orbital communication, and in particular to a telecommunications system operating at the sub-orbital level, and a method for sub-orbital wireless communication providing increased reliability and greater utilization of available communication channels.
The development of mobile telecommunications contributed to the extremely difficult task of telecommunications to efficiently handle the generated telecommunications communication. As a result, users of legacy analogue cellular telecommunications systems are often forced to wait for access to the telecommunications channel before dialing a number or answering a telephone call. In addition, during a call, there are noise disturbances and even crosstalk of overlapping another telephone call.
It also happens that when one of the interlocutors moves to the area of another cellular exchange, without a free telecommunications channel, the telephone conversation is interrupted.
The problem is exacerbated by the fact that the number of frequencies allocated to mobile telephony is limited. As the demand for mobile telephony services grows, this problem will therefore increase rapidly.
In the field of telecommunications, several improved analog and digital techniques have been developed which have succeeded in increasing the number of communication channels in the limited number of available frequencies.
The most important of these techniques are time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA).
TDMA is the most widely used as it enables several telephone connections to be made via one telecommunications channel. Each conversation corresponds to a closed period of time in the cycle of telecommunication signals, which improves the efficiency of the system.
In turn, the CDMA technique provides a wide spectrum band for telecommunications signals. This technique differentiates telephone connections by superimposing a distinct "noise" signal, extending the transmitted signal, on each telecommunications signal to distinguish it from other telecommunications signals in the cell. The computer controlled receiver decodes the assigned "noise" signal to identify the connection, and then isolates and "narrows" the telecommunications signal.
Frequency "hopping" is one form of CDMA in which the link is broken down into a series of frequencies. The identification of the frequency sequences used is performed using a code.
In addition, systems have also been developed to identify weak signals sent from the cellular switch and to separate them from other signals from the same cellular switchboard, which in combination with a digital multiple access technique such as CDMA provides a huge increase in the number of telecommunication channels available.
TDMA, CDMA, as well as FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) techniques are well known and are described in the following patents: EP 098388 (IBM), US 32905 (Baran), US 5006855 (Braff), US 4720873 (Goodman et al. ) and US 5339330 (Mallincrodt).
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IBM's European patent EP 0098388 discloses increased flexibility in telecommunications and broadband transmission in TDMa. US patent 32905 discloses signal modulation and the use of spread spectrum techniques for broadband connections between small antenna stations. US Patent 5,006,855 (Braff) relates to TDmA and FDMA techniques, and US Patent 4,720,873 (Goodman et al.) Relates to signal modulation techniques. US patent 5,339,330 (Mallincrodt) discloses techniques relating to spread spectrum, signal modulation, weak signal detection, broadband signals and CDMA digital technique.
There are durable devices that are lighter than air, which can be used in telecommunications, and whose position can be controlled so as to keep them above a specific place on the ground (e.g. from the publication ,, ΗΙ-SPOT, HIGH ALTITUDE SURVEILANCE PLATFORM FOR OVER-HORIZON TARGETTING , Conceptual Design Study Final Report, "Lockheed Missiles and Space Company Inc., March 1982, pp. 5, 11, 23, 27, 33, 41, 45, 47, 53 and 61).
Also known from the Polish patent 180 378 is a method of wireless suborbital communication, consisting in setting up at least one relay station at a height previously determined for receiving and transmitting telecommunications signals from one of the earth stations, receiving it at this set relay station, and then transmits to a second earth station, wherein during the transmission and reception of signals to and from the earth stations and other relay stations, the set relay station is maintained at a predetermined height, the predetermined height being in the range from 19 to 56 km and that the movement of this relay station is controlled by in such a way that, after the current height and / or position of this relay station has been determined, it is moved from its current height and / or position to a predetermined height and / or position.
Also known from the Polish patent 180 378 is a wireless suborbital communication system, which includes at least two ground stations with transmitters and receivers of telecommunications signals and at least one relay station with a receiver and transmitter of telecommunications signals, positioned at a predetermined height above the ground and provided with devices to control the vertical displacement and maintenance of that relay station to a predetermined height, the predetermined height also being between 19 and 56 km, and the relay station also includes devices controlling the horizontal displacement of at least one relay station to a predetermined position and keeping it in that position, the devices being comprised of devices for selectively or simultaneously identifying the actual and predetermined height or position of the relay station, and devices for moving it from a current height or position to a predetermined height or position.
The scope of works carried out to increase access to telecommunications channels also includes attempts to reduce the dimensions of the cell and reduce the energy demand necessary to connect to the base station. This is because a weak signal has limited propagation capabilities. Accordingly, due to the abruptness of the signal power dispersion, the same frequency may be used for an independent cellular switchboard located nearby. .
However, providing the required number of cells necessary to maintain a large capacity of telecommunications traffic would require the creation of a large number of base stations. According to some specialists, serving major US metropolises would require the creation of at least 100,000 cells, each of which would need its own stationary antenna tower.
In addition, reciprocal control would require an extremely complex computer system necessary when mobile phones move from one cell to another and to redirect the frequencies assigned to individual cell exchanges.
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It cannot be argued with certainty that this problem can be solved with a terrestrial system at an acceptable cost and in the short term. The typical limitations of such systems, such as line of sight, obscured by reflection, attenuation and horizon line limitations, are eliminated by shrinking the size and increasing the number of cells, while the installation of antenna towers in certain locations is often hampered by geographic, political, environmental or social considerations. preventing the formation of cells with an appropriate surface in such places.
The satellite system, in which each of the satellites works as a node-base station and participates in the creation of the cellular network, allows to eliminate the indicated inconveniences. However, since satellites usually orbit at an altitude of 36,000. km above the ground, such a system requires relays of relatively high power. In addition, if the satellites are not geosynchronous, facilities must be provided for the transmission of signals from one satellite to another as they pass through a given point above the ground. In addition, as in the case of ground nodes, transmission facilities are necessary when a caller moves from one cell to another cell.
Moreover, satellite systems are extremely costly due to the high cost of placing the satellite in orbit and the difficulty of accessing the satellite.
It would be advantageous to provide a stable and durable telecommunications system based on sub-orbital high-suspension devices capable of receiving telecommunications signals from earth stations and transmitting them to other similar devices or to other earth stations.
If these relay stations were constructed in the form of highly suspended, durable, lighter-than-air devices that could be positioned to hold them above a specific place on the ground, there would be a means to provide low-cost telecommunications services, such as telephone services to remote areas, without the expense of satellite communication systems and without the disadvantages of terrestrial systems or tethered balloon systems.
The method of sub-orbital wireless communication according to the present invention is characterized by installing a series of telecommunication nodes that define the network, placing nodes in the sub-orbital plane at an altitude of about 19 to 56 km above the ground, and maintaining these nodes at a selected geographic position in the sub-orbital plane. , equipping each node with a device for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radiotelecommunication signals via a wireless telecommunication channel between this node on the suborbital plane and a terrestrial telecommunication device, equipping each node with a series of antennas adapted to receive relatively weak radio telecommunication signals from the source, the telecommunications signals are modulated by the code division multiple access technique, the telecommunications signals received by each antenna are decoded, the node recognizes the terrestrial communication device (via code identification) and the sensitivity of the nodes is increased with the antennas and decoding devices, how to detect and receive relatively weak telecommunications signals, ensuring maximum and interference-free use of spectrum by telecommunications signals.
Preferably, the code division multiple access technique of spectrum extension is modified by a direct sequence.
Preferably, the code division multiple access technique of spectrum extension is modified by frequency hopping.
Preferably, a plurality of transmitters and receivers are installed during the step of transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio telecommunications signals over the wireless communication channel, each transmitter being equipped with a plurality of duplex communication channels.
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Preferably, the terrestrial telecommunications network is installed and the wireless telecommunications network system is connected to the terrestrial telecommunications network.
Preferably, switches are installed for connecting the wireless telecommunications network system to the terrestrial telecommunications network.
Preferably, the switches are digital switches.
Preferably, the switches are analog switches.
Preferably, the knots are supported with balloons.
Preferably, at least one transmitter and one receiver are installed when transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio telecommunications signals over the wireless communication channel, the transmitter and receiver having a plurality of simplex communication channels.
Preferably, at least one transmitter and one receiver are installed when transmitting and receiving broadband digital telecommunications signals via the wireless telecommunications channel, the transmitter and receiver carrying a plurality of half-duplex telecommunications channels.
The sub-orbital wireless communication system according to the present invention is characterized in that it is composed of a plurality of telecommunication nodes located in the sub-orbital plane at an altitude of about 19 to 56 km above the ground, and has means for keeping these nodes at selected geographic positions in the sub-orbital plane. . Each of the telecommunications nodes consists of an apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio signals over a wireless telecommunications channel between this node in the suborbital plane and a terrestrial telecommunications device, modulated using a code division multiple access spectrum extension technique. Devices for transmitting and receiving radio telecommunications signals consist of a plurality of antennas for receiving relatively weak telecommunications signals from terrestrial telecommunications equipment, and are equipped with telecommunications signal decoding devices received by each of the antennas, with the node recognizing the given terrestrial telecommunications device by identifying them. code. Antennas and decoding devices for increasing the sensitivity of the node constitute devices for detecting and receiving relatively weak telecommunications signals, ensuring maximum and interference-free use of the spectrum by the telecommunications signals.
Preferably, the code division multiple access technique of spectrum extension is used in the immediate sequence.
Preferably, the technique of spectrum extension using code division multiple access is frequency hopping.
Preferably, the apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio telecommunications signals via a wireless telecommunications channel comprises at least one transmitter and receiver equipped with a plurality of duplex telecommunications channels.
Preferably, it comprises a terrestrial telecommunications network, and a device for connecting this system to the terrestrial telecommunications network.
Preferably, the device for connecting the system to the terrestrial telecommunications network is provided with switches.
Preferably, the switches are digital switches.
Preferably, the switches are analog switches.
Preferably the knots are supported by balloons.
Preferably, the apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio telecommunications signals via a wireless telecommunications channel comprises at least one transmitter and receiver having a plurality of simplex telecommunications channels.
Preferably, the apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio telecommunications signals over a radio telecommunications channel consists of:
181 701 of at least one transmitter and receiver equipped with a plurality of half-duplex communication channels.
With the present invention, all the disadvantages of both terrestrial and satellite systems are overcome while maintaining the advantages of these systems, such as vertical signal propagation. As a result, the use of telecommunications spectrum is increasing. Moreover, it is possible in this case to reduce the energy requirement and, accordingly, the weight of the transmitters at the nodes. In addition, the number of transmitters can be reduced thanks to the modulation technique.
In this way, a large number of telecommunication channels can be created in a cell designated by a particular node, without the problem of interference caused by overlapping interference, reflections, frequency regeneration, etc.
Moreover, there is no problem with the relatively high energy requirement of the device which will arise when it is connected to a satellite telecommunications system.
The use of a code division multiple access technique of spectrum extension, including direct sequence and / or frequency hopping techniques, in the apparatus described has been contemplated.
While no specific allocation of specific frequencies for the telecommunications system has been indicated so far, it is understood that these frequencies may be the same as for terrestrial telecommunications or satellite telecommunications. Likewise, frequencies may be those intended to be used exclusively in a telecommunications system within the scope of the invention.
The preferred embodiments of the system according to the invention are reproduced in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an apparatus implementing a telecommunication system constructed according to a currently preferred embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a detection and decoding apparatus.
As shown in Fig. 1, device 10 comprises a ground portion 12 and an overground portion 14. Overground portion 14 can be positioned approximately 12 to 35 miles above the ground.
The ground part 12 may consist of a conventional telephone network 16 with its branches connected to earth stations 18, 120 and 140 equipped with suitable long range transceiver devices such as antennas 20, 118 and 138. Ground part 12 may also include portable telephones such as commonly known cell phones that can be carried by humans 22 or in vehicles 24. Antennas 20, 118 and 138 are adapted to transmit and receive telecommunications signals to and from the suborbital high-suspension relay station 28 located approximately 19 to 56 km above the ground.At this altitude, the atmospheric agents are no longer affected and therefore the relay station will not be exposed to adverse effects of weather conditions.
In a preferred embodiment, the device is equipped with a plurality of relay stations 28, each consisting of a balloon 32 floating above the ground at a predetermined location by means of a guidance unit 56 shown in Fig. 2, connected via a homing antenna 58 to the ground antenna. line 36.
As is well known, each relay station 28 has facilities for receiving a telecommunications telephone signal from one of the earth stations 18, 120 and <sup>14</sup>°, <sup>l</sup>share<sup>and 22</sup> loam<sup>22</sup> you vehicle<sup>down</sup>in <sup>24 and</sup> AND<sup>24</sup>and then transmitting this p<sup>y</sup>the gutter <sup>d</sup>a different earth station 120 and 140, human 122 or vehicle 124 directly or via another relay station. The communication channel thus established may be simplex, duplex, or half-duplex. Upon return of the signal to the ground portion 12 of system 10, the communication connection is made in the conventional manner, such as by connecting to the landline telephone system using the respective switches 34, 134 and 144. Various types of switches suitable for telecommunications signals, including digital and analog, can be used.
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As is commonly known, each of the relay stations 28 is a node in the telecommunications system and each node designates a cell. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each node comprises a device for transmitting and receiving broadband digital radio signals via a wireless communication channel. Preferably, the bandwidth of the communication channel is greater than approximately 8 MHz throughout the band, i.e. plus or minus 4 MHz from the center of the band. Optimally, telecommunications signals are modulated using a spectrum extension with code division multiple access.
In order to ensure the maximum use of the available frequencies beyond the range currently available in CDMA technology, the cells should be relatively small and the signal strength required for telecommunications signals very low. This increases the possibility of frequency reuse and reduces interference. However, lowering the signal strength makes it difficult to track the movement of specific cell phones through the base stations.
Each of the relay stations is equipped with a detection device consisting of a respective antenna array 48 and decoders 44. This device processes the signal received by each antenna of the array. The decoded signals identify the transmitter and its location in the cell. Thus, although the signal received by the detection device is very weak and would not normally be detected, it can be recognized and processed to fill the communication channel.
The advantages of combining the CDMA spread spectrum and the detection device including the antenna array 48 described above are enhanced when they are correlated and positioned in the suborbital plane.
While the invention has been described with specific forms and embodiments as indicated, it is intended that other forms of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited to the scope described herein, but only to that indicated in the following claims.
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69 members in 23 offices
Priority claims8
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| 48821395 | United States of America | A | |
| 48821395 | United States of America | A | |
| 9610230 | United States of America | W | |
| 9610230 | United States of America | W | |
| 488213 | – | – | – |
| US19950488213 | – | – | – |
| US9610230 | – | – | – |
| WO1996US10230 | – | – | – |
Members69
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| FR2712128A1 | France | A1 | |
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| ITRM960405D0 | Italy | D0 | |
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| CN1132008A | China | A | |
| DE4495639T1 | Germany | T1 | |
| FR2735306A1 | France | A1 | |
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| EP0830753A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
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| CN1684393A | China | A | |
| US2006003698A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2006063529A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2168353C | Canada | C | |
| US7567779B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BR9609018B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| US7844218B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US8483120B2 | United States of America | B2 |
Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 181701
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL181701B
- Application
- 96324036
- Application, DOCDB
- 32403696
- Application, EPODOC
- PL19960324036
Titles
- English
- SUB-ORIENTAL HIGH-ALTITUDE HIGHLY EFFICIENT TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Classification
- CPC, 2
- H04B7/18504
- H04B7/18502
- IPC, 2
- H04B7 185
- H04B7 216