Double-band flat antenna system

The subject of the invention is a flat dual-frequency antenna system for the detection and emission of electromagnetic radiation in two frequency bands, consisting of a layered upper flat antenna array operating in the low frequency band and a layered lower flat antenna array operating in the high frequency band. The top planar array, resonating to low-frequency electromagnetic radiation and transparent to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, consists of a dielectric plate and an interconnected patch array and feed line array disposed thereon. The lower flat antenna array consists of a dielectric plate, an interconnected patch and line array arranged thereon, and a ground layer. The flat two-frequency antenna system is used in radio communication, especially in satellite communication.

EP 0433255 discloses a multi-layer dual band flat antenna arrangement in the form of a printed circuit. The antenna system consists of five stacked and mutually insulated layers, which are: grounding layer, an array of high-frequency radiating elements, an array of high-frequency radiating elements, an array of low-frequency power divider, the elements of which are arranged perpendicular to the elements of the high-frequency power-divider, and an array of low-frequency radiating elements, whose radiating elements are larger than the dimensions of the high-frequency radiating elements. The insulation between these layers is in the form of dielectric plates or layers of air. The antenna system can work for a linearly and circularly polarized wave.

US Patent No. 4,605,932 discloses a three-frequency microstrip antenna array consisting of three arrays arranged around the circumference of a cylinder. The first antenna array, operating at the lowest frequencies, and therefore having the largest radiating elements, is located on the outer surface of the cylinder. The first antenna array consists of a grounding layer adjacent to the outer surface of the cylinder, a dielectric substrate adhering to it, and an adjacent array of radiating disc elements,

180 873 connected with a system of microstrip supply lines, connected at the input with a coaxial cable. Above the first antenna array is a second antenna array which operates at higher frequencies and whose radiating elements are smaller. On the other hand, above the second antenna array is the third antenna array, operating at the highest frequencies, and whose radiating elements have the smallest overall dimensions. The next antenna arrays, apart from the dimensions of the radiating elements, have a similar structure and are isolated from each other by means of dielectric substrates.

WO 96/17400 discloses a layered dual-frequency antenna system consisting of a top layer provided with an array of first-frequency radiating antenna elements, a first ground layer, and a dielectric layer between the top layer and the first ground layer. . The first grounding layer is provided with an array of slotted holes radiating at a second frequency. Below the first grounding layer is an array of feed lines each below one slotted opening. There is a second grounding layer below the feed line arrangement. Both frequencies of the antenna system are in two different bands of microwave radiation.

Previously known antennas and antenna arrays are further described in the following publications:

- G. Andresie, JR James, "Investigation of Superimposed Dichroic Microstrip Antennas", ICAP 87 (1987), pp. 485-488, March-April, York, UK;

- G. Andresie, JR James, "Microstrip Winow Array", Electronic Letters 24, No. 2 (1988), pp. 96-97;

- Hiroyuki Inafuku, et al. Mobile Receiving Antenna System of Direct Broadcast System for Train Applications, International Symposium of Antennas and Propagation, August (1989), Tokyo, Japan;

- SW Lee, et al. "Somple Formulas for Transmission Through Periodic Metal Grids or Plates", IEEE Transactions and Antennas and Propagation AP-30 (1982) pp. 904-909;

- US Patent No. 5,043,738;

- U.S. Patent No. 5,262,791.

The basic condition for a good communication link between the earth station and the satellite is the coaxiality of the direction of the terrestrial antenna with the direction of the satellite. If the earth station is in the form of a mobile platform and the satellite is in a high or medium geostationary orbit, then to obtain the alignment of the directions requires continuous tracking of the satellite by the antenna of the earth station.

Previously known antenna systems operate in both mobile and stationary communication systems. The most widespread antenna system is a two-axis mechanical tracking system, the antenna of which is in the form of a microstrip array, or another, for example, the NEC type system (Hiroyuki Inafuku, et al., 1989) or the KVH system (KVH Industries, Inc., Middletown, RI, USA). respectively in the K band_at and L.

Another known single-axis mechanical tracking system is in the form of a single-layer K-band waveguide antenna array_at (Nippon Steel Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).

A mechanical-electrical tracking system is also known, for example the Bali communication system (Bali Telecommunication Products Division, Colorado, USA).

There are also known non-mechanical antenna systems for use in mobile communication systems. One of such antenna systems is the CAL antenna system (CAL, Ottawa Ontario, Canada), on one axis of which the phase is controlled, and on the other one fixed beams of radiation are transmitted. In this two-axis electrically steered antenna array, an algorithm developed by TECOM (TECOM Industries, Inc., Chatsworth, CA, USA) was used for phase control.

180 873

The antenna systems described above, used in mobile communication systems, work only in one frequency band. In order to use two bands, it becomes necessary to use the two antenna arrays described above, with the consequent increase in the space used by them. If both frequency bands come from two different satellites, then the same mechanical basis cannot be used for both antenna arrays. Moreover, antenna systems with a mechanical tracking system have limited angular convergence, are relatively slow to operate (due to the movement of the base), and protrude from the surface to which they are attached (not having a flat structure), as in the case of mounting such an antenna system on a mobile platform, for example on a vehicle overhead roof, distorts its aerodynamics.

Flat dual-frequency antenna arrays are known in US Patent Nos. 5,043,738 and 5,262,791.

Another known flat antenna system for the detection and emission of electromagnetic radiation from two frequency bands, fH and fL (where fL <fH), is presented in the publication by G. Andrasic and JR James "Superimposed Dichroic Microstrip Antenna Arrays" (IEEE Proceedings H. Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vo. 135, No. 5, Part H, 1988, September, pp. 304-312). This multilayer flat array antenna consists of a top low frequency flat array and a bottom high frequency array flat array. The upper flat antenna array consists of one dielectric plate, provided on its flat surface with an interconnected patch arrangement and a feed line arrangement. Each patch resonates to low-frequency radiation and is transparent to narrow-frequency radiation. The lower flat antenna array consists of one dielectric plate with interconnected patch and feed line systems, and a ground layer.

The flat antenna arrays of the above-described flat dual frequency antenna arrays are interdependent when operating on two frequency bands, for example in satellite communications, whereby radiation interference may occur between the antenna arrays.

The aim of the invention is to develop such a design of a flat dual-frequency antenna system that will ensure electronically controlled independent operation in two frequency bands, will have a flat structure attached to the outer surfaces of both stationary and mobile platforms, which will not disturb their aerodynamics.

This object is realized in the flat dual-frequency antenna arrangement according to the invention, which is characterized in that the upper flat antenna array, isolated from the lower flat antenna array, is provided with a ground layer provided with a periodic hole pattern and adjacent to the rear surface of the dielectric plate.

The first dielectric plate of the upper planar antenna array is preferably provided on its front face with a first patch array and an electrically coupled feed line array. The upper flat antenna array is most preferably provided with a second dielectric plate, abutting the back surface of the first dielectric plate, and provided on its face with a second patch pattern, coinciding with the first patch pattern of the first dielectric plate.

The upper flat antenna array consists of a first dielectric plate provided on its face with a first patch array, and on its rear face with a feedline array electromagnetically coupled to the first patch array, and preferably a second dielectric plate adjacent its face to the back surface of the first dielectric plate, the ground layer adjoining the back surface of the second dielectric plate. The top flat array is most preferably equipped

180 873 with a third dielectric plate adjacent its rear face to the face of the first dielectric plate and provided on its face with a second patch array coinciding with the surface of the first patch array.

The upper flat antenna array consists of a first dielectric plate provided on its face with a first patch pattern, the rear face of which is adjoined by a grounding layer provided with an array of holes, and preferably a second dielectric plate adjoining the face of the rear layer. the grounding of the first dielectric plate, and equipped on its rear face with a system of feed lines coupled electromagnetically to the first patch array through openings in the ground layer. The upper flat antenna array is most preferably provided with a third dielectric plate adjacent its back face to the face of the first dielectric plate and provided on its face with a second patch array coinciding with the first patch array.

The upper flat antenna array consists of a first dielectric plate provided on its face with a first patch arrangement, the rear face of which is adhered to by a grounding layer, and preferably a second dielectric plate provided with a feed line arrangement on its rear face and spaced from the first dielectric plate, which together form an antenna chamber inside which there is a lower flat antenna array, the feed line array is electrically coupled to the first patch array by the feed probes. The upper flat antenna array is most preferably provided with a third dielectric plate adjacent its back face to the face of the first dielectric plate, and provided on its face with a second patch array coinciding with the first patch array.

The lower flat antenna array consists of a first dielectric plate, preferably provided on its face with a first patch array and electrically coupled feed line array thereto, the grounding layer being adjacent to the rear face of the first dielectric plate. The lower flat antenna array is most preferably provided with a second dielectric plate adjacent its back face to the face of the first dielectric plate and provided on its face with a second patch array coinciding with the first patch array of the first dielectric plate.

The lower planar antenna array consists of a first dielectric plate provided on its face with a first patch array and on its rear face with a feed line array electromagnetically coupled to the first patch array, and preferably a second dielectric plate adjacent its face to the back surface of the first dielectric plate, the ground layer adhering to the back surface of the second dielectric plate. The lower flat antenna array is most preferably provided with a third dielectric plate adjacent its back face to the face of the first dielectric plate and provided on its face with a second patch array coinciding with the first patch array.

The lower flat antenna array consists of a first dielectric plate provided on its face with a first patch pattern and the rear face of which is adjoined by a grounding layer provided with an array of holes, and preferably a second dielectric plate which is face to face with the grounding layer of the first plate dielectric, and equipped on its rear face with a system of feed lines, electromagnetically coupled to the first pattern of staffs, through the holes of the grounding layer.

The lower flat antenna array is most preferably provided with a third dielectric plate adjacent its back face to the face of the first dielectric plate and provided on its face with a second patch array coinciding with the first patch array.

The flat dual-frequency antenna arrangement is preferably provided with a separating dielectric plate adjacent its face to the rear face.

180 873 of the upper flat array and its rear face to the face of the lower flat array.

A separating dielectric plate is preferably provided between the lower planar array, located inside the antenna chamber formed by the first and second dielectric plates of the upper planar array, and the ground layer of the upper planar array.

The patch pattern and the coordinated array of feed lines of the upper and / or planar array for the emission and detection of circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation are grouped into 2 x 2 subsystems with each staff and feed line of each subsystem rotated relative to the previous one. staff and feed line at an angle of 90 °.

The flat dual-frequency antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows the flat dual-frequency antenna arrangement in an exploded side view, Fig. 2 - the upper flat antenna array of the flat dual-frequency antenna arrangement in a side view of Fig. 3 - the lower planar antenna array of the planar dual-frequency antenna array, in side view, Fig. 4 - the planar dual-frequency antenna arrangement, in the side view, Fig. 5 - upper planar array according to Fig. 2 in plan view, Fig. 6 - lower plane array according to Fig. 3 in plan view, Fig. 7 - grounding layer of the upper flat antenna array in plan view, Fig. 8 - top plan view variation of the ground layer of the top planar array, Figure 9 - side view of the top planar array antenna array unit with electrically coupled patches, 10 - bottom plane array antenna with electrically coupled patches, in side view, fig. 11 - top or bottom flat array unit with two electrically coupled patches, in side view, fig. 12 top or bottom plane array unit with an electromagnetic coupling patch, in a side view, Fig. 13 - top or bottom flat patch antenna array unit with two electromagnetic coupled patches, side view, fig. 14 - top or bottom flat patch antenna array unit with hole-coupled patch, side view, fig. 15 - a unit of the upper or lower flat antenna array with two patches with hole coupling, in side view, Fig. 16 part of the flat dual-frequency antenna array with point feeding of the upper flat antenna array, in side view, Fig. 17 - part of the flat dual-frequency antenna array with the double point fed patches of the upper flat antenna array, in side view, Fig. 18 - upper 2x2 subsystem , or the lower planar patch antenna array with electrically coupled patches for a linearly polarized wave in top view, Fig. 19 - 2x2 subsystem of the upper or lower planar patch pattern with electrically coupled patches, for a circularly polarized wave, in top view, Fig. 20 - a 2x2 subsystem of the upper or lower flat patch array with electromagnetic coupled patches, for a linearly polarized wave, in top view, Fig. 21 - a 2 × 2 subsystem of the upper or lower flat patch antenna array with electromagnetic coupling for a circularly polarized wave in a top view, Fig. 22 - a 2x2 subsystem of the upper or lower flat patch antennae with hole-coupled patches, for a linearly polarized wave, in top view, Fig. 23 - a 2x2 subsystem of the upper or lower flat patch antennae with hole-coupled patches, for Fig. 24 shows a 2 × 2 subsystem of the upper planar flat array antenna with a point feed for a linearly polarized wave in a plan view, and Fig. 25 A 2x2 subsystem of the upper flat array antenna with point feed for circularly polarized wave in top view.

The planar dual frequency antenna arrangement according to the invention is illustrated by the example of two frequency bands: the K band_at, having the frequency range of 10.70 GHz to 12.75 GHz, and the L-band having the frequency range of 1.49 GHz to 1.71 GHz.

180 873

The planar dual-frequency antenna system 1 according to the invention for the detection and emission of electromagnetic radiation shown in Fig. 1 consists of three superimposed layers, respectively: the upper flat antenna array 2 separating the dielectric plate 4, and the lower flat antenna array 6. The orientation of the fronts and backs of both flat antenna arrays 2 and 6 relates to the direction of the electromagnetic radiation 10 incident on them from the external source 8, which may be both horizontal and vertical. The face 12 of the upper planar array 2 is oriented in the direction of the incident electromagnetic radiation 10, and its rear face 13 in the opposite direction. The electromagnetic radiation 10 strikes the face 12 of the upper planar array 2 and exits through its rear face 13. In the same way, the orientation of the face 14 and the rear face 15 of the separating dielectric plate 4 is determined, and the orientation of the face 16 and the rear face 17 of the lower flat antenna array 6. The flat panel dual frequency antenna array 1 is thus provided with a face 12 and a rear face 17.

The upper flat array 2 is adapted for operation in the low frequency band, and the lower flat array 6 - in the high frequency band. The two flat antenna arrays 2 and 6 are spatially arranged such that the upper flat antenna array 2 is between the lower flat antenna array 6 and the external radiation source 8 10. A separating dielectric plate 4 serves to isolate the two flat antenna arrays 2 and 6. Instead of a separating dielectric plate 4, an air gap can be formed, in which case the flat dual-frequency antenna system 1 is attached to the respective base with its side edges. The top flat array 2 is transparent to the radiation from the high frequency band.

Although the described flat dual-frequency antenna arrangement 1 according to the invention is described by way of example of the detection of electromagnetic radiation 10, it can be analogously described by emitting electromagnetic radiation, where an external receiver will be used instead of an external source 8.

In the designs of the two Pinnacles 2 and 6 described below, their dielectric plates and ground layers, as well as patches, power lines, and openings, are shown in greatly enlarged dimensions for better illustration. The patches and power lines are shown at different thicknesses to show the differences, while in fact they have the same thickness, since they are the result of the printing process or the etching of the conductive layer on the dielectric plates.

A patch is an area of ​​a dielectric plate completely or partially filled with a conductive material made by printing or etching. The radiating element or the stimulating element of the radiating element can be easy.

Although the power lines in technological processes have the form of microlines leading to the edges of the dielectric plate, in the considered design of a flat two-frequency antenna system, their complete arrangement is not important. For this reason, only part of the length of the supply lines is shown in the figure. In the presented designs of a flat, dual-frequency antenna system, the issue of selecting a specific input impedance resulting from the distribution of power lines will not be considered.

The upper flat antenna array 20 shown in Fig. 2 consists of a dielectric plate 24, provided on its face with a patch system 21 and a system of power lines 22 electrically (directly) coupled thereto, and a rear selective ground layer 25 adjacent to its face. . Each patch 21 is in resonance to electromagnetic radiation in the low frequency band, and is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in the high frequency band. Each feed line 22 is provided at its input with a line connection 23 which is its own

180 873 with input connected to electronic circuits equipped with phase control circuits (not shown in the figure). The ground layer 25 has a selective frequency response, reflecting radiation in the low frequency band and transmitting radiation in the high frequency band.

The lower flat antenna array 30 shown in FIG. 3 consists of a dielectric plate 34 provided on its face with a batten array 31 and an electrically coupled power line array 32, and a rear ground layer 35 adjacent thereto. Each batten 31 is in resonance to electromagnetic radiation in the high frequency band. Each patch 32 is provided at its entrance with a line connection 33, which is connected with its input to electronic circuits equipped with phase control circuits (not shown).

While the two flat antenna arrays 20 and 30 are similar in structure, there are nevertheless differences between them, especially in properties. The battens 31 and the ground layer 35 of the lower planar array 30 are good conductors, as are the patches 21 of the upper planar array 20, while the ground layer 25 of the upper planar array 20 has a selective frequency response. Due to the fact that the patches 21 and 31 operate in the low and high frequency band respectively, the patches 31 of the lower planar array 30 are smaller in size, and for a fixed gain of the planar dual frequency antenna array, the number of these patches 31 must be greater than the number of lines. supply 21. The thickness and properties of the dielectric plate 24 of the upper planar antenna array 20 are, although need not, identical to the thickness and properties of the dielectric plate 34 of the lower planar array 30.

The flat dual frequency antenna array 36 according to the invention shown in Fig. 4 comprises an upper flat antenna array 20 according to Fig. 2, a lower flat antenna array 30 according to Fig. 3, and a separating dielectric plate 38 therebetween.

The two planar antenna arrays 20 and 30 both receive and emit electromagnetic radiation independently of each other. Thus, one of the planar antenna arrays 20 or 30 can both receive and emit radiation while the other is not operating. One of the flat antenna arrays 20 or 30 may emit radiation and the other may receive, or vice versa.

During the emission of radiation to the atmosphere by a flat dual-frequency antenna system, a variable supply voltage is applied to each power line by means of an electronic system. On the other hand, when receiving radiation from the atmosphere through a flat dual-frequency antenna system, external electromagnetic radiation excites the patches that generate an output signal on the power lines.

A flat dual-frequency antenna array is mounted inside a suitable watertight housing, its face being covered. The flat dual frequency antenna array is preferably provided on its upper flat antenna array with a radar dome transparent to electromagnetic radiation from both frequency bands. The radar dome protects the interior of the flat dual-frequency antenna system from harmful weather conditions (rain, snow, ice, heat, solar radiation, snowstorms, salt water).

The patches 21 (Fig. 5) of the upper planar antenna array 20, manufactured by known technology, have a selective frequency response that allows the transmission of radiation from the high frequency band. The patches 21 are conductive surfaces with a periodic array of holes 26 in the form of a matrix, the dimensions of which are appropriately selected for low frequency resonance. In a design variation of the upper flat antenna array 20, its patches 21 are provided with a uniform grid of conductive lines with frequency selective response. Supply lines 22 are electrically coupled to the patches 21, provided with line connections 23 at the input.

180 873

The patches 31 (Fig. 6) of the lower flat antenna array 30 are very good conductors and their dimensions are selected to resonate in the high frequency band. The patches 31 may have a different shape, for example a circle, or a polygon, for example a square. It is not necessary here that the shape of the battens 31 of the lower flat antenna array 30 follows the shape of the battens 21 of the upper flat antenna array 20. The battens 31 are electrically coupled to the power lines 32, provided at their entrance with line connections 33.

In FIG. 7, the ground layer 25 of the upper planar array 20 is provided with a periodic pattern of holes 27 in the form of a matrix. The function of ground layer 25 is to reflect radiation in the low frequency band and to pass radiation in the high frequency band. The holes 27 of the ground layer 25 and the holes 26 of the battens 21 are identical in shape and arranged identically. While the holes 26 and 27 shown in the drawing are circular, they may also have other shapes than those used so far, such as rectangular, slit, cross, oval, and ring shapes.

The dimensions of the patches 21 and 31 of the upper and lower flat antenna arrays 20 and 30, respectively (as shown in Figs. 5 and 6) depend on the selection of the frequency bands and the application. If, in certain applications, the patches 21 of the upper planar array 20 are significantly larger in size than the patches 31 of the lower planar array 30, then the ground layer 25 has a different structure, such as in Figure 8. The openings 28 of the ground layer 25 are in this case preferably (though not necessarily) the same shape as the patches 31 of the lower planar array 30, and their surfaces coincide.

The upper flat antenna unit 20 * shown in FIG. 9 consists of a dielectric plate 24 provided on its face with a patch 21 and an electrically coupled power line 22 with a line connection 23 therein, and a ground layer 25. The upper flat antenna array 20 according to figures 2 and 5 it consists of periodically arranged upper planar antenna units 20 '. Likewise, the lower flat antenna array 30 of Fig. 3 and 6 consists of periodically spaced lower flat antenna units 30 & apos; according to Fig. 10. Instead of showing different designs for the upper and lower antenna arrays, different designs of the upper and lower flat antenna units of which the two flat antenna arrays are composed will be shown. It is also possible to describe only one flat antenna unit: top; or the lower one, because the fundamental difference between them results from different properties of the earthing layers. The grounding layer 25 of the upper planar antenna unit 20 has a selective frequency response, while the grounding layer 35 of the lower planar antenna unit 3θ 'is a very good conductor. For this reason, only one type of planar antenna unit will be presented hereinafter, which may consist of both an upper and a lower flat antenna array.

Shown in Fig. 11 the double flat antenna unit 40 consists of a first dielectric plate 44, provided on its face with a first patch 41 and a feed line 42 with a line connection 43, a ground layer 45 adjacent to the rear face of the first dielectric plate 44, and a second dielectric plate 46, adjacent the face of the first dielectric plate 44, and provided on its face with the second patch 47, coinciding with the first patch 41. The patches 41 and 47 are electromagnetically coupled to each other. The second patch 47 increases the bandwidth of the flat antenna unit. An equivalent design of a dual flat antenna unit 40 is obtained in the case where the first patch 41 and the feed line 42 with a line terminal 43 are on the rear face of the second dielectric plate 46.

The first patch 51 and power line 52 located on opposite surfaces of the first dielectric plate 54 of the flat antenna unit 50 (Fig. 12) are electromagnetically coupled to each other. The second dielectric plate 56 adjoins the back surface of the first dielectric plate 54 with its end face being adjacent the ground layer 55.

180 873

The double electromagnetically coupled planar antenna unit 60 shown in Fig. 13 consists of a flat antenna unit 50 according to Fig. 12 and a third dielectric plate 57, with its rear face against the face of the first dielectric plate 54, and provided on its face with a second patch 58, coinciding with the first patch 51 of the first dielectric plate 54.

Shown in Fig. 14 the flat antenna unit 70 consists of a first dielectric plate 74, provided on its face with a first patch 71, a ground layer 76 provided with an opening 77, and adjacent to the rear face of the first dielectric plate 74, and a second dielectric plate 75, adjacent its face to the rear face of the ground layer 76, and provided on its rear face with a feed line 72 with a line connection 73. The first patch 71 and the power line 72 are electromagnetically coupled to each other via an opening 77 of the ground layer 76.

The double electromagnetically coupled planar antenna unit 80 shown in Fig. 15 consists of a planar antenna unit 70 according to Fig. 14 coupled by an opening 77, and a third dielectric plate 78 adjacent its back surface to the face of the first dielectric plate 74 of the flat unit. A second patch 79 is provided on the face of the third dielectric plate 78, coinciding with the first patch 71.

The upper and lower flat antenna arrays consist of an array of periodically spaced flat antenna units, which arrays form a flat dual-frequency antenna array similar to the arrangement of Figure 1. The upper planar array 2 consists of any flat antenna units 2 (/, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 whose patches and ground layers have a selective frequency response. On the other hand, the lower flat antenna array 6 consists of any antenna units 3 (7, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80, whose patches and ground layers are very good conductors.

The patches and feed lines of each structure of the flat dual frequency antenna array according to the invention may lie in one or different planes and be electrically as well as electromagnetically coupled. The first patchwork array 91 and the array of feed lines 92 of the top planar antenna array shown in Figure 16 of the planar dual frequency antenna array 90 are arranged in different planes. The power lines 92 on the one hand are provided with line terminals 93 to which electronic circuits equipped with phase control circuits are connected, and on the other hand with point terminals 94 'electrically connected to the point terminals 94 of the first patch system 91 by means of probes. The patches 91 of the upper planar array are disposed on the face of the first dielectric plate 96, the rear face of which is adhered to by the ground layer 97. The feed lines 92 of the upper planar array are disposed on the rear face of the second dielectric plate 98 spaced from the first dielectric plate 96. The first and second dielectric plates 96 and 98 of the upper planar array form a chamber within which the lower flat array 99 is disposed. The ground layer 97 of the top planar array 99 and the patches of the bottom planar array 99 and its ground layer, respectively, are provided with openings 102, 104 and 105, respectively, through which the feed probe 95 passes contactlessly. The top planar array 99 is in this case similar to the lower planar antenna array of Fig. 3, although it may consist of any of the planar antenna units 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 described above.

The flat point terminal dual-frequency antenna arrangement 100 according to the invention in FIG. 17 consists of the flat dual-frequency antenna array 90 shown in FIG. 16 and a third dielectric plate 110 adjacent to its face 114, provided with a second patch array on its face. 112, coinciding in surface with the first patch array 91 of the flat dual-frequency antenna array 90.

180 873

The upper and lower planar antenna arrays are adapted to operate for both linearly (Figs. 5 and 6) and circularly polarized waveforms, the type of wave polarization being determined by the geometry and orientation of patches and feed lines of the planar dual frequency antenna array. Disregarding the selective frequency response of the top planar array, both of the planar arrays of Figures 5 and 6 may be described by the design of one such array. To describe the operation of a planar dual-frequency antenna array for a linearly polarized wave, a 2x2 subsystem of a planar antenna array with electrically coupled patches will be used (Fig. 18). The subsystem 200 consists of a dielectric plate 208 provided on its face with a patchwork of four battens 202, and an arrangement of four feed lines 204 electrically connected to battens 202, and provided with line terminals 206 at their entrances.

The planar array subsystem 220 shown in Fig. 19 2x2 is provided with a four-patch array 222 electrically coupled to four feeder array 224. Subsystem 220 is adapted for a circularly polarized wave. Each patch 222 with feed line 224 of each subsystem 220 is rotated relative to the previous by an angle of 90 [deg.] In the clockwise direction, or counterclockwise in the case of reverse circular polarization. Such rotation of successive feeder battens is known.

In the case of electromagnetic coupling (Fig. 12), the patches and the power lines are located on opposite surfaces of the dielectric plate according to the same principle. The 2x2 subsystem 240 of the flat patch antenna array with electromagnetically coupled patches shown in Fig. 20 is adapted for a linearly polarized wave. The four patch array 242 is on the face of the dielectric plate 244 and the four feed line array 246 with line connections is on the rear face of the dielectric plate 244.

Figure 21 shows a 2x2 260 flat patch antenna array with electromagnetically coupled patches adapted for a circularly polarized wave. Each patch 262 with feed line 264 is rotated relative to the former through an angle of 90 °.

Figure 22 shows the subsystem of a 2 x 2 280 plane array antenna with patches coupled by holes (Figure 14). The subsystem 280 is adapted for a linearly polarized wave. To illustrate the three planes of subsystem 280, the pattern of four battens 282 is shown in Figure 22 by a solid line pattern 284 - a dashed line and a pattern of four holes 286 - a dotted line. Shown in Fig. 23 The 2 x 2 290 flat patch array subsystem with patches coupled through the array of four holes 296 is adapted for a circularly polarized wave. Each patch 292 with feed line 294 is rotated relative to the previous through an angle of 90 °.

24, the first subsystem 2 × 2 300 of the top planar antenna array shown in FIG. 16 of a flat dual-frequency antenna system 90, consists of a first dielectric plate 96, equipped on its face with an arrangement of four patches 91 (ąb, c, d) with point terminals 94, and a second subsystem 2x2 310 - from a second dielectric plate 98, equipped with on its rear face in an arrangement of four feed lines 92a, 92b, 92c and 92d with point terminals 94'a, 94b, 94'c and 94'd, connected to their associated point terminals 94a, 94b, 94c and 94d of patches 91a, 91b, 91c, and 91d with the feed probes 95 shown in FIG. 16. This upper planar array subsystem is adapted to a linearly polarized wave.

25 of the top planar array of Fig. 25 of the top planar array 90 of Fig. 16 is adapted to a circularly polarized wave. Each staff 91 a, 91 b, 91 c and 91 d of subsystem 320 is with its point connection 94a, 94b, 94c and 94d rotated with respect to an axis passing through its center through an angle of 90 ° from the previous staff in a clockwise direction. In a similar manner, not shown in Fig. 25, point connections of the feed lines are arranged coaxial with point connections 94a, 94b, 94c 'and 94d of bars 91a 9Ib, 91c and 9ld. In the case of a circularly polarized wave, fed to

180 873 point-connections 941), 94'c and 94'd of AC feed lines 92b, 92c, and 92d have a phase lag of 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° relative to the point connection 94'a, respectively.

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0001.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0002.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0003.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0004.tif" />

F ig. 25

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0005.tif" />

F ig. 23

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0006.tif" />

F ig. 21

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0007.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0008.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0009.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0010.tif" />

Fig. 19

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0011.tif" />

Fig.17

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0012.tif" />

Fig. 14

<img file="PL180873B1_D0013.tif" />

F and g. 15

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0014.tif" />

Fig.10

<img file="PL180873B1_D0015.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0016.tif" />

Fig. 13

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0017.tif" />

Fig.7

<img file="PL180873B1_D0018.tif" />

Fig.8

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0019.tif" />

F ig. 4

<img file="PL180873B1_D0020.tif" />

Fig 5

32 33 34

<img file="PL180873B1_D0021.tif" />

Fig. 6

180 873

<img file="PL180873B1_D0022.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0023.tif" />

<img file="PL180873B1_D0024.tif" />

Publishing Department of the UP RP. Circulation of 70 copies. Price PLN 4.00.