Method of and apparatus for automated learing and self-estimation of effects achieved

The present invention relates to a method and a device for the automated teaching of a user of a group of learning items, especially used as teaching tools for teaching and training, and for assessing achievement.

There are many factors that influence the way people choose to learn. These factors include the way the information or material is presented (e.g., by the teacher), the way the subject processes and recalls information, the genetic predisposition to process information, the multiformity of the ability, the frequency of repetition with which the information is presented, the subject's perception. a database of information already known to the individual, and perhaps the most important of all factors, namely, an individual learning style and the assimilation of the material to be learned, taking into account emotions while learning and achieving achievements.

With this in mind, designing automated learning systems is particularly difficult. If such systems are to be applied to the general public with a different past and cultural differences, the problem actually becomes quite complex. The problem, however, is not closely related to school classroom situations, but to electronic games, military and vocational training, remedial teaching, training, and the myriad of teaching, selling, public education, teaching and therapy situations.

It is known in the art to use repetition for teaching purposes. Such methods are used to learn associated terms such as dictionary words, foreign names, and. Iic.zhv Each of the nnzvcii dn nanr7Pnin has a yellow color

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179 991 in pairs. In the prior art, material may be displayed either in print, or electronically as a set of flash cards, or displayed on question and answer (fact and definition) screen monitors, all in the form of a selected item and a paired answer.

In one known method using a set of flash cards, the flash cards are separated into separate groups or sets of flashcard portions for learning. One piece of information is learned at a time by simply studying cards and performing self-tests. Cards that are tested correctly are set aside, while cards that are tested incorrectly are repeated until they are learned. After one group or portion of material is acquired, another group is studied until that group is acquired. The process continues until all cards in all groups are learned.

In another known method, the learning items are separated by a test into groups of known and unknown items. The user focuses on studying and learning by repeating a self-test process of unknown items. When an unknown item is learned, it is transferred to the known items until all unknown items are learned.

As a result, there is a real need in this field for an automated learning system and a way of learning that adapts to the speed of learning, learning style, cultural differences and previously learned material, and which enables the learner to acquire the material over an extended period of time. periods of time.

There is also a need in this field for the possibility of reaching for any learning material and presenting it to the student or user in an organized form, in a manner adapted to his learning absorption and in a form easily digestible by him.

In addition, there is a need to provide a method that makes it possible to specifically quantify a student's confidence level and ambition for a particular material to be studied, irrespective of his / her knowledge of that material.

According to the invention, a method for automatically teaching a user of a group of items to be learned in which each of these items has a paired answer, is characterized by asking the user whether the item is to be realized as known or unknown, sorting each of these items into a first group. items realized as known items and the second group of items perceived as unknown items, generating a sequence of subjective positions including at least one position in the first group and one position in the second group, and then visualizing the sequence of subjective positions with the related paired response.

Preferably, the sequence of subjective items and paired responses are visualized differently depending on whether the item is taken from the first group or from the second group of items.

Preferably, items in the first group are depicted separately from the paired responses, and items in the second group are depicted together with the paired responses.

Preferably, it is further determined whether the user wishes to continue the process, and if, in the step of asking the questions to the user, the question is also asked whether the user is unsure whether the item is known or unknown.

Preferably, in the step of sorting the items into a first group of items and a second group of items, the items are included in the second group so that the user is unsure whether the item is known or unknown.

According to the invention, an apparatus for automatically teaching a user of a group of items to be learned is characterized in that it comprises a memory storing a file of the items to be learned, a display representing each item to the user, an input device receiving a response from the user for each item, and a microprocessor responsive to the user's response to sort. these items into groups of subjectively known items and subjectively unknown items, generating a list of at least one

179 991 a subjectively unknown item and at least one subjectively known item, and providing the list to the display.

Preferably, the list of subjectively known items and subjectively unknown items has one subjectively unknown item and a plurality of subjectively known items.

Preferably, subjectively known items are selected at random and the list has a predetermined order of subjectively unknown items and a series of subjectively known items.

Preferably, the list comprises at least one repetition of a subjectively unknown item.

Preferably, the microprocessor further provides a pairwise response for each item in the list to the display and displays the subjectively unknown item together with its pairwise response.

Preferably, the microprocessor shows first the subjectively known item and then presents its response in pairs.

Preferably, the display used in the device is a screen monitor or an audible display, and the input device has three switches to indicate whether the user knows a certain item, does not know the item, or is unsure whether the item is known or unknown, and the keyboard and furthermore a clock. measuring the time for the user to respond.

Preferably, the device further comprises an external memory containing a computer program for configuring the input device to ask the user whether the item is cognized as known or unknown. for configuring a microprocessor to sort each of the given items into a first group of known and a second group of known unknown and to generate a sequence of subjective items including at least one item from the first group and one item from the second group, and to configure the display for depicting this sequence of subjective items.

Preferably, the external memory is a flexible disk memory card, permanent memory, optical memory or an integrated circuit.

One of the technical advantages of the invention is that it provides a method of teaching a user of a group of items to be learned, each of the items being paired in relation to a specific answer. Another technical advantage of the method according to the invention is that the paired positions and their responses are sorted into groups of known and unknown material based on the subjective responses of the user, and that the material is visualized to the user in such a way that unknown items are presented with their responses. coupled at the same time, the known items are imaged first, while the pairwise response is imaged at a later time.

On the other hand, the technical advantage of the device according to the invention is that a group of learning items can be learned faster and more completely as a result of better memorization. Another technical advantage is that boredom is advantageously exploited in the learning process and that the user's absorbency is improved by using high repetition rates for newly learned facts. An additional technical advantage of the invention is that it provides a device that creates a pattern of known and unknown material and that adapts the pattern to suit individual users, and that it provides a device for individualized teaching from a single set of material, tailored to the individual student or user. that can be taught in the way that best enables the student to learn the material.

The method and the device according to the invention will be explained by way of example with reference to the device shown in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a prior art system using material repetition for training purposes, Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of one embodiment of the method according to the invention, Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention, Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an interrupted sequence used in connection with the method of the invention, figure 5 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of the method of the invention, figure 6 is a first embodiment of the device of the invention showing various representations

179 991 known and unknown learning positions according to the learning method of the invention, and Fig. 7 shows a second embodiment of a device according to the invention for practicing the methods of the invention.

In the known method shown in the form of a flowchart in Fig. 1, the group of items to be learned is separated by the initial test 2 into two groups of known items 4 and unknown items 6 based on the user's current knowledge, not his perceived knowledge. When the positions are separated into two groups, the sequence of known and unknown positions is generated in the sequence generator in step generate sequence 8. Each of the items in the sequence is then displayed on the display in step 10, and then tested in step 12, test.

The user is then presented with a test item and a request for a response in the request response step 13. The answer is evaluated at the decision point in the step asking if the item is known 14. If the answer is correct, the method proceeds along path 16 and this position is stored then in step store position at known positions 18 in the set of known positions 4, and the next position in sequence is enlarged in step next position 20 and the process continues.

If the answer judged at the decision point in the step of asking if the known item 14 is incorrect, the method proceeds along path 22 to the answer step 24 in which the user is provided with an answer or a pairwise response for that item. The process continues and in the step store position in unknown positions 26 the position is stored in the set of unknown positions 6. In the step, the next position 28 of the sequence is incremented and the next position of the sequence is displayed. Returning to the decision point of the step asking if the item is known 14, if the item is known, the method determines in step last item 30 whether the item is the last item to be learned. If this is the case, the process stops at step 32, while if it is not and there are items remaining, the process proceeds along path 34 and the next position in the sequence is incremented and the process continues.

In the embodiment of the present invention shown in Fig. 2, a method is provided that divides the items to be learned or to be used in performance measurement into three groups based entirely on the user's perception as to whether or not the item knows a given item based on whether the item is presently known or unknown. It should be understood that the terms known and unknown represent a relatively multi-level degree of knowledge and are not absolutely two-component knowledge. It should also be understood that any perceivable factor may be substituted for the known and unknown items described in the preferred embodiments. For example, the present invention can be used for use and non-use tests. A further improvement in the sorting process is to set a time limit for receiving a subjective user response. In this method, starting with the initial belief / time test step 40, the user is provided with an item and is given an initial test as to whether he believes he knows the answer or not. Also an invisible and unknown to the user clock is set, which sets the response time. It should be emphasized that in this test the user is asked whether or not he knows an item, but is not checked against that item. If the user determines that the answer is known, the process proceeds along path 42 and the stored position is in the conscious known positions step 44. If the user replies that the position is unknown, the process proceeds along path 46 and the stored position is in the learned unknown positions step 48 . If the user replies that he is not sure whether a given position is known or unknown, then the process proceeds along path 50 and that position is recorded in the realized uncertain positions 52 step.

It should also be noted that if the user does not give a response within a given period of time, the considered item is treated as an unknown item and is stored in the uncertain unknown items step 48. The items by step realized uncertain items 52 are combined with the items by step aware unknown items 48 and are called subjectively unknown items. The subjectively unknown items together with the conscious known items are directed to the sequence generator in step

179 991 generate a sequence 54 that produces a sequence or list of subjectively known and unknown items.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sequence will include at least one unknown position and a plurality of known positions selected randomly. Subjectively unknown items can be considered to be in the order of 1 through N, where N is the total number of subjectively unknown items. The sequence generator in the generate sequence step 54 selects a first subject not known position and combines it with a randomly selected subjectively known position to form the sequence. Once the sequence is created, the process proceeds along path 56 and the first item in the sequence is then visualized to the user by the display monitor in step 58. The method will continue to image each item in the sequence until the user terminates the process. A position can be visually or audibly visualized in many ways, including animation, color adaptation, repetition, position, dimensions, sound, and rhythm. Thus, the repetitive display of the subjectively unknown item continues along with randomly selected subjectively known items.

Now following path 59 to the step of asking if the user has interrupted 60 the process, the method determines whether the user has selected to interrupt the presentation. If not, the process proceeds along path 62 and returns to the display at step 58 to display sequence 58, which shows the next position in the sequence. If a user interruption was detected in the step asking if the user had interrupted the process, the process proceeds along path 64 to the decision block in step 66, where the method determines whether the user should continue the current sequence or shift to other activities. If the method continues the current sequence, the process proceeds along path 68 to the decision block in the querying step as to whether the item to be realized is known 70. Here the user is asked for a given item and whether the item is perceived as known or unknown, which is merely a subjective test. If the position is perceived as known, the method is along path 72 and the position is stored in the step of store the position in known positions 74 in the step of conscious known positions 44. After the position is stored at this stage, the method checks in the decision block in the query step as to whether it is the last unknown position 82 to check whether the unknown position is in fact the last unknown position. If the position is not the last unknown position, the method proceeds along a path 84 to a selector in the next unknown position 80 which selects the next unknown position, and proceeds to the sequence generator in generate sequence 54 to create a new sequence. Returning to the decision point in asking if this is the last unknown position 82, it should be noted that when the unknown position is the last unknown position, the process proceeds along path 86 and stops at step 88.

Returning to the decision point in the step with the question if the position is realized as known 70, when the position is realized as unknown or the user is not sure if the position is known or unknown, the process follows path 76 and the position is stored in the step store position in unknown positions 78 in step realized unknown positions 48. After this position is stored, the next unknown position is selected in the selector in the next unknown position 80, and a new sequence is generated by the sequential generator in the generate sequence 54 step.

Referring now to Fig. 3, an alternative embodiment of the method of the present invention is shown. In this method, each item in the group of items to be learned has an associated pairwise response. In an initial step of the initial belief / time 90 test, the user is asked if he believes he knows the item and its paired answer. At this point, the user is not requested to answer or provide a pairwise response. The response time is measured, and if the answer is not given within the given time T, then the item and its pairwise response are treated as the realized unknown item. If the user answers 7p? On ηητνηίρ i ϊρί τιαι-omi • Yrncss rrrzehtoim wzdhiż śriciżk; 07 a

179 991 the item with its paired response attached is stored in the conscious known items step 94. If there is no user response at time T or the user replies that the item is unknown, the process proceeds along path 96 and the item is stored in the learned unknown items step 98 . If the user replies that he is not sure whether the position is known or unknown, then the process proceeds along path 100 and the stored position is realized in uncertain positions 102 aware. The positions by step realized unknown positions 98 and realized uncertain positions 102 are combined into a single table. unknown items.

When all the items in the group of learning items have been divided into different tables, the process continues with the step of generating the sequence of subjective items. The sequencing generator 104 creates a sequence or list of conscious known items and. Realized unknown items. In a preferred embodiment, the sequence generally consists of a single conscious unknown item and a series of randomly selected conscious known items. Once the sequence has been generated by the sequence generator in the generate sequence 104 step, the first subjective position in the sequence is selected in the position selector in the step select position 106.

At any time after selecting the item, the user is allowed to abort the process, as shown in the step asking if the user has aborted 108 the process. If there has been a user interruption, a process runs along path 110 to determine whether the selected subjective item is a conscious known or a conscious unknown item in the questioning step 112. If the item is a conscious unknown item then the process proceeds along path 114 and both the item and its pairwise response are visualized to the user simultaneously on the display in the display step and the pairwise response 116. After in step display the item and answer joined in pairs 116, this item and its answer in pairs are displayed, the list of items in the sequence is enlarged and the next item is enlarged in the step next item 118. If the item selected in step select item 106 is conscious known position, the process proceeds along path 120. The realized known item is first visualized in the step display item 122, then the associated paired answer is visualized to the user in the step display paired answer 124. After displaying in step display the paired answer 124 the list of items in the sequence is enlarged by the next item in step next position 118. After magnifying the sequence, the process determines in the step of asking if the next sequence 126 whether the next sequence is completed, if not, the process proceeds along path 128 and the next item is displayed. If the position is the last position in the sequence, the process proceeds along path 130 and a new sequence of subjective positions is generated by the sequence generator in the generate sequence 104 step.

One of the unique features of the method of the present invention is a new method that allows the user to interrupt the learning process at any time. Further referring to Fig. 3, if a user interruption is detected in the step asking if the user has aborted 108, the system according to the method branches along path 132, and the rest of the process is shown with reference to Fig. 4. fig. 4, a unique feature for interrupting the process of the present invention is described. The decision point in the step asking whether the user has interrupted the process 140 is activated from the process site shown in FIG. 3 as the step of asking if the user has interrupted 108 the process. If the system determines that the user is currently activating the interrupt, the process proceeds along path 142 and the user is prompted at the decision point according to the step asking if a new sequence 144 has occurred.

If the user chooses to start a new sequence, the process branches via path 146 back to the sequence generator in the generate sequence 104 (FIG. 3). At this point, the sequence generator is activated to select a new unknown and to generate a new sequence to continue the method. If the utilities

179 991 the nik decides not to select a new sequence and answers NO, the process may proceed along path 148 and the user is asked in game step 150 if he wishes to be distracted. If so, the pibces branches out to a set of games that are specifically designed to help ease boredom, improve user attention, or teach some other aspects of pairing up, such as precise spelling. The games may be of any conventional type, such as Hangman (Kat), etc. If the user chooses not to select a game, the process proceeds along path 152 and the user is asked in step 154 ​​if he wants to use a different test or a different learning pattern, such as a performance evaluation, as illustrated in Figure 5. If the user answers YES, the process branches to a 'new Test. If the user answers NO then the method is stopped.

Returning now to the user interrupt of the process in the step asking if the user has interrupted 140, if it is determined that it was not the user who interrupted the process, the process continues along path 156 and determines in the query step 158 whether the timer has expired a fixed period of time. In one embodiment of the inventive method, a timer is provided to measure the response time of the user. The timer also functions when used in conjunction with a memorized digital computer and monitor for automatic pause and stop times in case the user is no longer working with the device. In another embodiment, the timer may be a counter used to measure cycles by counting the number of times the unknown has been repeated. If the user is cycling too fast, the method may automatically start a new sequence in a step asking if a new sequence 144 or other testing according to step 154. If the user is cycling too slow, the method may branch to step 150 or some other activity. If the timer has a dwell time, then the process proceeds along path 160 and returns to the decision point asking if a new sequence 144 and may ask the user if he wishes to select a new sequence. If it is determined that the timer has not stopped, then process proceeds along path 162 and the sequence is restarted at step, restart sequence 164 and the process continues.

Referring to Fig. 5, another embodiment of the method of the present invention is given which has been described directly with reference to the evaluation. Beginning with the step generate sequence of known items 180, a sequence of items is generated and the user is presented with one item at a time in the item test perception step 182. In this step, the user is asked if he knows the item, does not know the item, or is not sure that the item is currently known or unknown. Again, it must be emphasized that what the invention seeks to determine is not whether the item is actually known or unknown, but whether the user believes the item is known or unknown.

If the user replies in the item test perception step 182 that he does not know the items, the process proceeds along path 184. In a step, set the perception beacon to U 186, such beacon, when set to U, is for unknown items. If the user replies that he knows the position, the process proceeds along path 188 and the perception beacon is set to 1, K and refers to known positions, in step set the perception beacon to K 190. If the user replies that he is not sure whether the position is known or unknown, then the process proceeds along path 192 and the perception beacon is set to U for the unknown items in step set the perception beacon to U 194.

After the perception beacon is established, the position is presented to the user and he is asked regarding his current knowledge of the position. This occurs in the actual test items step 196 in which the user is prompted for an appropriate answer. If the answer is incorrect or wrong, the process proceeds along a path 198 where the perception beacon is checked in the test step of the perception beacon 200. If the signaling character has been set to U, the process continues

179 991 along path 202 and the UU counter register indicates an increment of one in the UU increment step 204. If the perception beacon is set to K, the process proceeds along path 206 and the KU counter register indicates an increment of one in the KU increment step 208.

Returning to the actual test items 196 step, if the user provides the correct response, the process proceeds along path 210 and the perception beacon is checked in the perception beacon test step 212. If the perception beacon has previously been set to K for known items, the process proceeds along path 214 and register of the KK counter, the increment of KK 216 is increased by one step. If the perception beacon is set to U, then the process runs along path 218 and the UK counter register is increased by one in step UK 220 increment. When the corresponding registers are incremented by one in steps: UU increment 204, KU increment 208, KK increment 216 and increment UK 220, the process determines if the item is the last item in the sequence in the numerator according to the query step if the last item to be tested 222. If it is the last item in the sequence, then the process is along path 224 to reach step 226. If the item is not the last item, the process is along path 228 and in the next step 230, the sequence of items is increased by one and returns along path 232 to the step test perception of item 182. One way to perform a calibration or evaluation is to divide the sum of registers from the steps: UU 204 increment and KK 216 increment by the sum of registers from the steps: UU 204 increment, KU 208 increment, KK 216 increment and UK 220 increment expressing the result as a percentage of the current measures of knowledge.

Another achievement score is calculated by subtracting from unity the sum of the registers from the steps: KU 208 increment and UK 220 increment divided by the sum of the registers from the steps: UU 204 increment, KU 208 increment, KK 216 increment and UK 220 increment expressed as a percentage of the measure achievement opportunities. Other performance pattern calculations are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring to Fig. 6, there is shown an apparatus for implementing the invention in the form of a handheld computer with a display. It is also known that the display can be either an audio paging indicator or a combination of a video and audio monitor. According to fig. 6, the improved teaching device is shown generally at 300 and consists of a housing 302, a display 304, connectors 306 and 308 that connect an external universal computer to an internal computer or microprocessor that has not been shown.

The function switch is used to control device functions such as ON / OFF. At 312, input devices are generally shown that may be standard pressure-sensitive switches, labeled switches 314 for the Unknown position, switches 316 for the Unreliable position, and switches 318 for the Known position.

In Fig. 6, not shown but well known to one of ordinary skill in the art is a conventional computer system or microprocessor having standard processing, memory and input / output functions. The memory stores lists or data files consisting of items or groups of items to be learned by the user. In the case at hand, display 304 shows two drug names, trade name and generic name (item and its answer in pairs). Display 304 shows item 320, in this case the word amoxil and the pairwise response 322 below that word, in this case the word penicillin.

After item 320 and its paired response 322 are displayed and shown on the display 304, switches 314, 316, and 318 are activated as means to receive responses from the user. If the user believes he knows the association between the terms amoxil and penicillin, he presses the switch 318 Known. However, if the user does not know the dependency, he presses switch 314 Unknown. If the user is unsure whether the relationship is known or unknown, he presses switch 316 Uncertain. Using standard computer techniques, input device 312 is powered by microprocessor logic which marks the position as a Known

179 991 if the user has triggered switch 318, or Unknown if one of switches 314 or 316 has been triggered. The system continues to image the various items 320 with an associated pairwise response 322 and queries the user for their perception until the list of items is complete. When the list or sequence is complete, the microprocessor, through its program stored in memory, generates a new list or sequence of items to be learned including at least one of each known and subjectively unknown items.

With further reference to Fig. 6, three separate displays 304A, 304B, and 304C are shown illustrating how the items 320 and the pairwise response 322 are presented in sequence to the user. Beginning with display 304A, unknown item 320 with its pairwise response 322 is shown on the display. At any time after the first unknown position is shown more than once, the user may activate one of the switches 314, 316, 318 of the input device 312 to interrupt the process. When unknown item 320 is shown with the paired response 322, the system shows the known item 326 on display 304B. After the appropriate time has elapsed, the pairwise response 328 to item 326 is displayed together and presented to the user on display 304C.

Referring to Fig. 7, an alternative embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention is shown, generally designated as computer 400. Similar to the computer shown in Fig. 6, the computer has a standard microprocessor with conventional internal arithmetic and logic functions, conventional input / output circuitry and memories. RAM, ROM or other suitable storage device. Since these items are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, they are not shown in the drawing. Computer 400 has a display 402, which in the preferred embodiment is a liquid crystal display for presenting to the user item 404 (e.g., Amoxil) and its pairwise response 406 (e.g., Amoxicillin penicillin). In this case, entry 404 is material unknown or believed to be unknown by the user and referred to as unknown material. In accordance with this embodiment, input device 408 comprises conventional push-button switches 410, 412, and 414 to receive a response from a user. Switch 410 indicates that the user realizes that he or she does not know the item. Switch 412 indicates that the user is unsure whether the item is known or unknown to him, and switch 414 indicates that the user realizes he knows the position. Also shown is a keyboard 416 consisting of a full set of alphanumeric keys as well as various control keys. The 416 keypad allows greatly enhanced user input. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, the user may interrupt the learning process at any time and start a game or other learning module. In another embodiment of the invention, by actuating the ENTER key 418, the item group display method will be stopped and the user will be asked if he wishes to continue the process, start a sequence, apply a new sequence, play a game, or engage in other activities.

In an alternative embodiment of the computer 400, the method of the present invention is contained in an external memory. The external memory can be of any type such as a flexible disk (both 5 1/4 and 3 1/2 in both variations), a card, or some other type of memory such as RAM or ROM. In this embodiment, it is provided that the computer 400 can be configured either to implement the teaching method or to evaluate user performance by presenting a group of items, just by using an external memory. The external memory includes a computer program for configuring the input device 408 to query the user as to whether a given item is made known or unknown, for configuring the microprocessor of the computer 400 to sort each item into a first group with the items made aware as known items and a second group with the learned items. as unknown entries, to configure the microprocessor of computer 400 for generation

179 991 a sequence of subjective items including at least one item from the first group and one item from the second group, and to configure the display 402 to display the sequence of subjective items. The described configurations are preferably realized by program instructions stored in memory, a fact that is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

The computer shown in Figs. 6 and 7 can operate according to stored instructions written in accordance with various embodiments of the illustrated method.

From the foregoing description, it will be understood that the method and apparatus of the ordinary skill in the art focuses on the user's perceived knowledge of the teaching item and does not require the user to have an up-to-date knowledge of the item. In this way, better results in terms of automated learning and performance assessment can be achieved. As the invention is applicable to microprocessor-based digital computers with stored programs or removable memory devices, a wide variety of different teaching methods can therefore be provided. The invention has in particular been shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, but it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes may be made to the solution without, however, departing from the spirit or scope of protection of the invention.

179 991

179 991

<img file="PL179991B1_D0001.tif" />

YES

<img file="PL179991B1_D0002.tif" />

179 991

YES

<img file="PL179991B1_D0003.tif" />

NO

UNCERTAIN 100

INITIAL TEST

BELIEF / TIME

<img file="PL179991B1_D0004.tif" />

102

YES

REALIZED KNOWN ITEMS

AWARE OF UNCERTAIN POSITIONS

UNKNOWN ITEMS REALIZED

104

DISPLAY THE ANSWER COVERED BY PAIRS

GENERATE SEQUENCE (RANDOM)

106

108

CHOOSE ITEM

<img file="PL179991B1_D0005.tif" />

YES

110

NO

OR USER

He was interrupted

122

112

120

VIEW ITEM

<img file="PL179991B1_D0006.tif" />

NO

WHETHER IT IS

UNKNOWN?

124

118

132

114

YES

<img file="PL179991B1_D0007.tif" />

TO FIG. 4

116

NEXT ITEM • aVIEW ITEM AND ANSWER PAIRED

NO

<img file="PL179991B1_D0008.tif" />

FIG. 3

179 991

<img file="PL179991B1_D0009.tif" />

179 991

180

184

GENERATE A SEQUENCE OF KNOWN POSITIONS

182

<img file="PL179991B1_D0010.tif" />

PERCEPTION

TEST POSITION

188

190

UNKNOWN

KNOWN

186

194

202

SET PERCEPTION BEEP ON U

192

UNCERTAIN

<img file="PL179991B1_D0011.tif" />

196

198

210

WRONG

212

200 ,214

206

218

208

SET PERCEPTION BEEP TO K

GROWTH OF UK

GROWTH OF UU

GROWTH OF KU

REAL

ITEMS

TEST

TEST

SIREN

PERCEPTION

TEST

SIREN

PERCEPTION

<img file="PL179991B1_D0012.tif" />

204

232

RIGHT

216

INCREASE OF KK

<img file="PL179991B1_D0013.tif" />

NEXT ITEM

WHETHER

FINAL

ITEM TO

TESTING?

<img file="PL179991B1_D0014.tif" />

224

YES

<img file="PL179991B1_D0015.tif" />

DO

CALIBRATION

230

179 991

<img file="PL179991B1_D0016.tif" />

UNKNOWN MATERIAL WITH ANSWERED PAIRS

KNOWN MATERIAL

KNOWN MATERIAL WITH PAIRED ANSWER

FIG. 6

179 991

400

<img file="PL179991B1_D0017.tif" />

FIG. 7

<img file="PL179991B1_D0018.tif" />

179 991

<img file="PL179991B1_D0019.tif" />

GENERATE SEQUENCES

<img file="PL179991B1_D0020.tif" />

VIEW POSITION

TEST POSITION

REQUEST ANSWER

<img file="PL179991B1_D0021.tif" />

<img file="PL179991B1_D0022.tif" />

<img file="PL179991B1_D0023.tif" />

<img file="PL179991B1_D0024.tif" />

YES

<img file="PL179991B1_D0025.tif" />

<img file="PL179991B1_D0026.tif" />

FIG. 1

STATE OF THE ART

YES

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NO

YES

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Publishing Department of the UP RP. Circulation of 70 copies. Price PLN 4.00.