Glass-making batch compositions
23 claims: 9 independent, 14 dependent
- 1Zastrzeżenia patentowe 1. Szkło sodowo-wapniowo-krzemionkowe absorbujące IR i UV o neutralnym zabarwieniu (jak zdefiniowano w opisie), znamienne tym, że zawiera związki żelazawe w ilości obliczonej według wzoru:% wagowych FeO 0,007 + gęstość optyczna - 0,036
- 22,3 i łącznie żelazo, w ilości wyrażonej w przeliczeniu na Fe2O3, w zakresie od 0,25 do 1,75% wagowych, przy czym szkło zabarwia się na kolor neutralny przy pomocy jednego lub kilku składników takich jak Se, CO3O4, NdiCh, NiO, MnO, ¥205, CeCh, T1O2, CuO i SnO, przy grubości 4 mm wykazuje ono przepuszczalność światła widzialnego co najmniej 32%, przepuszczalność UV nie większą niż 25%, przepuszczalność bezpośredniego ciepła słonecznego niższąo co najmniej 7% od przepuszczalności światła widzialnego, a także dominującą długość fali korzystnie niższą niż 570 nm;pod warunkiem, że gdy dominująca długość fali przekracza 570 nm i przepuszczalność światła widzialnego przekracza 60%, czystość koloru nie przekracza 4, a korzystnie 2, a gdy w szkle występuje Se, występuje także co najmniej jeden inny barwnik taki jak CO3O4, Nd2O3,NiO MnO, CuO, SnO, V2Os, CeO2 i T1O2, w ilości wagowej l ,5-krotme, a korzystnie dwukrotnie większej niż ilość Sc. 2. Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że przepuszczalność światła widzialnego wynosi do 60%, łączna zawartość żelaza w przeliczeniu na Fe 2 O 3 wynosi co najmniej 0,7%, a barwnikami jest połączenie Co 3 O 4 , NiO i Se.
- 3Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że przepuszczalność światła widzialnego wynosi co najmniej 60%, łączna zawartość żelaza w przeliczeniu na Fe 2 O 3 wynosi około 0,25% do 0,77% wagowych, a barwnikiem jest co najmniej jeden ze związków takich jak V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 , Se, Co 3 O 4 , NiO, SnO, Nd 2 O 3 i MnO.
- 4Szkło według zastrz. 3, znamienne tym, że łączna zawartość żelaza wynosi najwyżej 0,3% wagowych, a barwnikiem jest co najmniej jeden ze związków z grupy obejmującej V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 1 TiO 2 w połączeniu z co najmniej jednym związkiem z grupy obejmującej Se, Co 3 O 4 , NiO, Nd 2 O 3 i MnO.
- 5Szkło według zastrz. 3, znamienne tym, że łączna zawartość żelaza wynosi najmniej 0,3% wagowych, a barwnikiem jest co najmniej jeden ze związków z grupy obejmującej Se, Co 3 O 4 , NiO, Nd 2 O 3 1 MnO.
- 6Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że barwnikiem jest mieszanina co najmniej trzech ze związków z grupy obejmującej Se, Co 3 O 4 , Nd 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , TiO 2 , V 2 O 5 , NiO, MnO, SnO i CuO.
- 7Szkło według zastrz. 6, znamienne tym, że co najmniej jeden z trzech barwników wybiera się z podgrupy obejmującej V 2 O 5 , CeO 2 i TiO 2 , a co najmniej jeden z pozostałych związków wybiera się z grupy obejmującej Se, Co 3 O 4 , Nd 2 O 3 , NiO, MnO, SnO 1 CuO.
- 8Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, że Nd 2 O 3 występuje w ilości do 2,5% wagowych.
- 9Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, że MnO występuje w ilości do 1% wagowych.
- 10Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, że CeO 2 występuje w ilości od około 0,1% do 1% wagowych.
- 11Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, że V 2 O 5 występuje w ilości od około 0,05% do 0,2% wagowych. 178 725
- 12Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, że Se występuje w dości do 50 części na milion wagowo.
- 1313 Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, ze Co 3 O 4 występuje w ilości do 200 części na milion wagowo.
- 14Szkło według zastrz. 3 albo 4, albo 5, albo 6, albo 7, znamienne tym, że NiO występuje w ilości do 275 części na milion wagowo.
- 15Szkło według zastrz. 2, znamienne tym, że zawiera do 275 części na milion wagowo NiO, do 15 części na milion wagowo Se i do 130 części na milion wagowo Co 3 O 4 .
- 16Szkło według zastrz. 3, znamienne tym, że Se występuje w ilości do 5 części na milion wagowo.
- 17Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że przepuszczalność światła widzialnego wynosi do 60%, łączna zawartość żelaza w przeliczeniu na Fe 2 O 3 wynosi co najmniej 0,8% Wagowych, a barwnikiem jest połączenie Co 3 O 4 i Se.
- 18Szkło według zastrz. 17, znamienne tym, że zawiera do 150 części na milion wagowo Co 3 O 4 i do 15 części na milion wagowo Se.
- 19Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że łączna zawartość związków żelazawych wynosi co najmniej 18% łącznej zawartości żelaza.
- 2020 Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że przy grubości 4 mm wykazuje przepuszczalność bezpośredniego ciepła słonecznego niższą o co najmniej 10% od przepuszczalności światła widzialnego.
- 21Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że przy grubości 4 mm dominująca długość fali przekracza 570 nm;przepuszczalność światła widzialnego przekracza 60%, a czystość koloru wynosi mniej niż 2.
- 22Szkło według zastrz. 1, znamienne tym, że zawiera Se i co najmniej jeden z barwników takich jak Co 3 O 4 , Nd 2 O 3 , NiO i MnO w ilości wagowej co najmniej dwukrotnie wyższej od zawartości Se.
- 23Szkło absorbujące IR i UV o neutralnym zabarwieniu, znamienne tym, że opisano je w którymkolwiek z przykładów. * * *
Independent claims23
210 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbing soda lime silica glass compositions for use as glazing. More specifically, the invention relates to neutral tinted windows for use primarily, but not limited to, windows for vehicles such as automobiles.
Special glasses have been developed for use in cars with low direct solar heat transmittance (DSHT) and ultra-violet transmittance (UVT). These glasses are designed to reduce the problems associated with excessive heating of the car interior on sunny days and to protect the interior of the car from degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation. Glasses with good infrared absorption are usually made by reducing the iron contained in the glass to ferrous compounds or by adding copper. Such substances give the glass a blue color. The substances were added in order to obtain good ultraviolet absorption to Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Ce, Ti or V. The amounts of the substances added to provide the desired degree of absorption are such that the glass may turn yellow. So if good both IR and UV absorption are to be ensured, the color of such glass is almost inevitably green or blue. When the color of glass is defined in the CIELAB system, such industrial glasses with a thickness of 4 mm and a light transmittance of more than 60% are either very green (-a *> 8) or very blue (-6 ^ 7), with neither of these colors it is desirable for aesthetic reasons.
Attempts have been made to produce gray or brown car windows with good IR and UV protection, but such glass tends to exhibit a greenish-yellow tinge. For example, in French Patent No. 2672587, it is dominant
178 725, the wavelength (λϋ) of the exemplary glasses ranges from 571 to 580 nm, and the color purity ranges from 4.4 to 15.9%. These numbers indicate that such glasses have a green-yellowish tinge. ANTISUN Neutral Gray Glass (trademark of Pilkington Group) Gray, available from Piklington Glass Limited of St. Helens, England, has a dominant wavelength of 454 and a colom purity of 2.1% with a thickness of 4mm.
Applicants stated that there is a need for glasses with a neutral color, such that in the CIELAB system the glass has a * color coordinates from -6 to +5, b * from -5 to +5, if the visible light transmission is over 60% and a * from - 12 to +5, b * -5 to +10 if the visible light transmittance is below 60%. The term "neutral color" as used below denotes glasses with these color coordinates.
Applicants have also found a need for a neutral-tinted glass that has a visible light transmission of more than 32% (when 4 mm thick), but also has a direct solar heat transmission that is at least 7% (preferably 10%) less than visible light transmission. There are known glasses with a low transmittance of direct solar heat, but all of them show low transmittance of visible light, so they are generally of limited use in cars. Lenses meeting the above-mentioned requirements are expected to be used more widely in the field of automotive glass due to their higher light transmittance, since the lower transmittance of direct solar heat allows the interior temperature of the car to be kept lower despite the higher light transmittance.
Moreover, applicants believe that it would be desirable for the glass to exhibit ultraviolet transmission preferably lower than 25% as it can be expected that such low transmittance will minimize the harmful effects of ultraviolet transmission on materials and fabrics, especially in vehicles. On p. 5, lines 32 to 35 of French Patent No. 2,672,587 indicate that both CoO and NiO reduce visible light transmittance without contributing to ultraviolet and infrared absorption, so it is not advisable to add these ingredients. 0.005% is proposed as the upper limit of the CoO content, but the highest mentioned in the examples is 0.001%. This confirms the opinions from the description that these substances should not be used, and if they are present, they should be small amounts.
In French Patent No. 2,672,587, the amount of Se mentioned in the examples is the same as or greater than the dye content, except in example 9, where the Fe content<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3 </sub>is only 0.178 and the color purity has a high value of 9.6, indicating a clear deviation from the neutral tint of 4mm glass with a transmittance of more than 60%.
The field of stained glass is characterized in that a slight change can cause a significant change in color. As stated by one applicant, this is akin to looking for a needle in a haystack. The broad ranges described in prior art patents can cover many possibilities, and only the description in the individual examples can be the focal point for identifying the influence of particular colorings and the absorption ranges of ultraviolet and infrared radiation. It is evident that French Patent No. 2,672,587 does not mention the correct proportions of the ingredients to achieve non-coloration with an unacceptable dominate at a wavelength of about 570 nm. In order to achieve a low DSHT value, a large amount of FeO was used in the French specification, and it is not mentioned that, according to the present invention, it can be compensated by the addition of dyes without losing visible transmission.
Our invention is based on the surprising discovery that the inclusion of some relatively small amounts of a certain dye compensates for the green color produced in the presence of ultraviolet and infrared absorbing components.
According to the invention, the object of this invention is an IR and UV absorbing neutral colored soda lime silica glass (as defined in the description) with a ferrous content calculated according to the formula:
optical density - 0.036% w / w FeO> 0.007 + --------—------ 178 725 and the total iron content, expressed as Fe2O3, ranging from 0.25 to 1.75% w / w , the glass is neutrally tinted with one or more components such as Se, CO3O4, NdiCh, NiO, MnO, V20s, CeO2, T1O2, CuO and SnO, and with a thickness of 4 mm it has a visible light transmission of at least 32%, UV not more than 25%, direct solar heat transmittance is at least 7% less than visible light transmittance, with dominant wavelength preferably less than mz 570 nm; provided that when the dominant wavelength exceeds 570 nm and the visible light transmittance exceeds 60%, the color purity does not exceed 4, preferably 2, and when Se is present in the glass, there is also at least one other dye such as CO3O4, Nd2O3, NiO , MnO, CuO, SnO, V2Os, CeO2 and T1O2, in an amount by weight 1.5 times and preferably twice the amount of Se. Preferably the direct solar heat transmission is at least 10% lower than the visible transmission.
The amount of Se is preferably as low as possible to comply with the requirement to produce a neutral color. It is possible to obtain satisfactory results with less than 5 ppm Se and a visible light transmission greater than 60%.
For the purposes of the short description 1 of the claims, references to visible transmittance refer to light transmittance (LT) measured with the illuminant A CIE, references to UVT refer to transmittance according to the international standard ISO 9050 in the wavelength range 280 to 380 nm, References to direct solar heat transmittance (DSHT) refer to integrated solar heat transmittance over the wavelength range from 350 to 2100 nm according to the relative spectral distribution of Parry Moon sunlight for mass air 2, total solar heat transmittance (TSHT) equals DSHT plus absorbed 1 solar heat radiated in the direction of the sun's rays.
Several different types of compositions of particular interest are within the general scope of the invention.
Thus, in a preferred aspect of the present invention, the object is glass with a visible light transmission of up to 60% of the total iron expressed as Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> at least 0.7% and containing a combination of Co<sub>3</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub>, NiO and Se as coloring agents.
The use of nickel as a coloring agent is somewhat surprising. It has been known for a long time in the glass industry that the presence of nickel leads to NiS inclusions in the glass and the glass breaks during tempering. Moreover, nickel-containing glass compositions tend to change color during tempering, and in particular when bent. For this reason, most prior art methods consider that the use of nickel should be avoided. We have found that, for reasons not yet understood, it is possible to use nickel in relatively large amounts, up to 275 parts per million by weight, without encountering such difficulties.
The use of nickel has some unexpected benefits. First, if a series of nickel-containing glasses is manufactured, it is possible to easily phase transition from one melt to another. In other words, the amount of nickel used can be changed without producing too much waste glass containing the wrong amount of nickel. In addition, the use of selenium as a dye poses some problems. It is both volatile and poisonous, and it is difficult to achieve chemical retention in glass. In fact, up to 90% of the selenium introduced into the melt can leave the environment in the exhaust gases. In addition to its poisonous properties, selenium is also harmful to the environment because of its unpleasant odor, generally similar to that of rotten cabbage. It is also known that the more selenium is added to the glass melt, the more it escapes proportionally. By using nickel in combination with small amounts of selenium, we found that we can achieve essentially the same color as previously achieved by using large amounts of selenium in the absence of nickel. By doing so, the adverse environmental effects associated with the use of selenium are minimized.
In another preferred aspect of the invention, the invention relates to glass with a visible transmission of at least 60% of the total iron content, expressed as
178 725 on Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> from about 0.25% to 0.77% by weight and containing combinations of V<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, Se, Co<sub>3</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub>, NiO, SnO, Sun<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> and MnO as colorants.
In such a case, it is desirable that the total iron content is at most 0.3% by weight, the dye is at least one substance selected from V<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> in combination with at least one substances from the group consisting of Se, Co<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub>, NiO, Sun<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>1 MnO.
If the total iron content is at least 0.3% by weight, it is preferred that the dye is at least one substance selected from Se, Co<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub>, NiO, Sun<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> and MnO. If necessary, at least one substance from the group consisting of V may be added<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>.
Such glass compositions have surprising properties and are very useful. This is especially true when light transmittance is over 70%, as this value is currently the minimum allowable value for car windshields. As already mentioned, most glasses with the desired IR, visible and UV transmittance are colored green. Moreover, glasses with a high iron content tend to transmit little light. We have found that the green color can be easily changed by adding small amounts of other dyes, and in particular selenium, which is optically more active, especially when a large amount of iron is present as ferrous compounds. The high content of ferrous compounds means that small variations of one or two parts per million in the content of other dyes can represent significant differences in the color of the glass.
In the attached drawing there is one figure which is a plot of the transmittance (UV, heat and light) versus FeO content for a series of gray tinted glasses showing the improvement of the properties that can be achieved according to the invention by increasing the FeO content of a known glass (glass 1) and introducing dyes as described to maintain a neutral color. Glass 1 is a commercial gray glass with a DHST close to light transmission and a UV transmission of about 40%. In glasses 2, 3 and 4, the amount of ferrous ion was increased, which without compensating changes should lead to glass distortion and significantly reduce its transmittance. The UV transmittance has also decreased, which should normally introduce green into blue glass. The light transmittance and its neutral color were in fact maintained thanks to the correct balance of the cobalt, neodymium and selenium additives, while controlling the ratio of ferrous to ferrous compounds.
Selenium introduces a component of pink into the glass, complementing the blue of the glass and neutralizing its color. However, selenium is also present in colorless forms in oxidized glasses, while reduced glasses most likely contain brown or colorless polyselenides. The utlemame / reduction of the glass must therefore be carefully controlled in order to keep the selenium in a pink colored form.
Selenium retention is greatest at about 20% ferrous to ferric ratio, and significantly diminishes at a ratio of less than 10% or greater than 40%. In glasses that use selenium as a neutralizing agent, the ratio of ferrous to iron compounds should be between 10 and 40% for the most effective retention of selenium in the color form.
Although cobalt itself tints the glass blue, it is useful as a color neutralizer because it absorbs in the red portion of the visible spectrum, so it can be useful for reducing the effect of reduced infrared iron absorption at 1050 nm.
Neodymium oxide is also useful in a similar way, but is a better neutralizing agent than cobalt in that it is dichroic and produces a blue and pink tint depending on the type of lighting under which it is viewed. However, neodymium oxide is expensive, and the preferred neutralizing agent is cobalt in combination with selenium.
For glasses with a DSHT of at least 7% less than visible transmission and a UV transmission of less than 25% in 4 mm glass, the following additives are needed.
Total iron content, converted to Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> it should be 0.25-1.75%, typically 0.25-1.25%.
178 725
The minimum FeO content providing the desired DSHT value varies with the optical density according to the equation:
% FeO> 0.007 + optical density - 0.036
2,3 where optical density = log 10 T / 100, where T is the percentage of visible light transmission for 4 mm glass.
This roughly equals:
<td>Light transmittance</td><td>Minimum FeO content</td>
<td> 80%</td><td> 0,033%</td>
<td> 70%</td><td> 0,058%</td>
<td> 60%</td><td> 0,087%</td>
<td> 50%</td><td> 0,122%</td>
<td> 40%</td><td> 0,153%</td>
<td> 30%</td><td> 0,218%</td>
The absorption of ultraviolet is provided by iron oxide in the Fe state<sup>3+</sup>, possibly supplemented by V<sub>9</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub> and / or CoO<sub>2</sub> and / or TiO<sub>2</sub>. For most tints, a UV transmission of less than 25% is achieved simply by ferrous compounds. However, when less than 0.3% of such iron is present, calculated as Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>, the UV transmittance can be reduced below 25% with the addition of:
0.1 - 1.0 CeO<sub>2</sub> (if there is no vanadium)
0.05 - 0.2V<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub> (if there is no cerium)
Many glasses contain at least 0.3% ferrous ions converted to Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>and in addition some amounts of CeO<sub>2</sub> and v<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub>to improve protection against ultraviolet.
Preferably, the DSHT should be at least 10% less than the visible light transmittance: the minimum FeO content in the glass to satisfy this preferred condition is:
(optical density- 0.036)% FeO <0.012+
1,84
This roughly equals: Light Transmission 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30%
Minimum FeO content
0,045%
0,076%
0,113%
0,156%
0,208%
0,276%
In order to achieve the most neutral color, the ratio of ferrous to ferric compounds should not be less than 10% and preferably not less than 18%.
The desired color can be achieved by adding more Se, Co<sub>3</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub>, Sun<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>, NiO, MnO, CuO and SnO. The amount of dye and the type of dye selected for deinking will depend on the depth of the dye as indicated below. Se at up to 50 parts per million Se of Co left behind<sub>3</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub> up to 200 parts per million N / A<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> in an amount up to 2.5% by weight.
178 725
Manganese oxide can also be added to the glass to introduce a pink color due to the presence of the Mn ion<sup>3+</sup>however, its amount is preferably limited to at most 1% by weight because of the risk of discoloration due to solarization. Likewise, cerium and vanadium oxide absorbents should be used with caution as glass may discolor due to solarization.
Other ingredients that may be present in the glasses according to the invention include copper oxide, CuO, usually in an amount up to 0.1% by weight, which may under certain conditions reduce solar heat transmission.
The glasses according to the invention are useful both in architecture and in the automotive industry, so the invention also relates to glass windows according to the invention. Car windows can be not only windshields, but also other car windows. These may be, for example, rear side windows with a visible light transmission as low as 30% and similar rear windows.
The Examples, in addition to Comparative Example 1, illustrate the invention but do not limit it. In the examples, all parts and percentages are expressed by weight, and:
(a) the amount of Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>, FeO, Nd<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, V<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub>, SnO and MnO are expressed as a percentage, the amounts of Se, Co<sub>3</sub>ABOUT<sub>4</sub> and NiO in parts per million:
(b) the total iron content is expressed as ferric oxide;
(c) the total iron percentage as Fe<sup>2+</sup>is calculated from the spectral curve of the glass according to the expression:
<sub>% rcQ</sub>_ 115.2 (OD,<sub>000</sub> - 0.036) tx Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> where OD<sub>1000 </sub>t Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> = the optical density of the glass at 1000 nm;
= glass thickness in millimeters;
= total percentage of iron, converted to Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>in glass; and (d) the iron content is calculated from the equation% Fe% FeO = ----- x Fe, O, 100<sup>2 3</sup>
143.7 x --- 159.7
Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub> = total percentage of iron, converted to Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>in glass; and (143.7 is the molecular weight of 2 x FeO and 159.7 is the molecular weight of Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub>)
Examples
<td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">Including iron as Fe<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub></td><td rowspan="2">% FeO</td><td rowspan="2">% Fe<sup>2</sup>* · All iron</td><td colspan="7">Chemical additives</td>
<td>Se</td><td>CO3O4</td><td>Sun<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>3</sub></td><td>CeO<sub>2</sub></td><td>TiO<sub>2</sub></td><td>V<sub>2</sub>ABOUT<sub>5</sub></td><td>other</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td><td> 9</td><td> 10</td><td> 11</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 0,25</td><td> 0,043</td><td> 18</td><td> 11</td><td> 41</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 0,35</td><td> 0,082</td><td> 26</td><td> 3</td><td> 32</td><td> 0,15</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 0,38</td><td> 0,078</td><td> 23</td><td> 5</td><td> 32</td><td> -</td><td> 0,34</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 0,38</td><td> 0,099</td><td> 29</td><td> 2</td><td> 32</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 0,25</td><td> 0,038</td><td> 17</td><td> 9</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> 0,1</td><td> -</td>
<td> 6</td><td> 0,25</td><td> 0,065</td><td> 29</td><td> 3</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> 0,1</td><td> -</td>
178 725 continued
<td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td><td> 9</td><td> 10</td><td> 11</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 0,34</td><td> 0,098</td><td> 32</td><td> <2</td><td> 32</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 8</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,030</td><td> 7,5</td><td> 24</td><td> 18</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 9</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,093</td><td> 23</td><td> 5</td><td> 38</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 10</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,142</td><td> 35</td><td> < 2</td><td> 38</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 11</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,154</td><td> 38</td><td> < 2</td><td> 38</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 12</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,117</td><td> 29</td><td> < 2</td><td> -</td><td> 0,2</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 13</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,126</td><td> 31</td><td> <2</td><td> -</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 14</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,122</td><td> 30</td><td> < 2</td><td> -</td><td> 0,3</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td></td>
<td> 15</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,142</td><td> 35</td><td> <2</td><td> 38</td><td> -</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 0,25</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 16</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,134</td><td> 33</td><td> < 2</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 0,2</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 17</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,142</td><td> 35</td><td> < 2</td><td> -</td><td> 0,3</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>NiO 100 ppm</td>
<td> 18</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,146</td><td> 36</td><td> 5</td><td> -</td><td> 0,3</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 19</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,130</td><td> 32</td><td> 16</td><td> 25</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 20</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 0,104</td><td> 29</td><td> 8</td><td> 30</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 21</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,150</td><td> 37</td><td> 10</td><td> 38</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>SnO 1.0</td>
<td> 22</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 0,097</td><td> 27</td><td> 4</td><td> 18</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> 0,1</td><td> -</td>
<td> 23</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 0,124</td><td> 23</td><td> < 2</td><td> 20</td><td> -</td><td> 0,2</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 24</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,088</td><td> 14</td><td> < 2</td><td> -</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 1,0</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 25</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,157</td><td> 25</td><td> 7</td><td> 38</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 26</td><td> 0,77</td><td> 0,090</td><td> 13</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 1,0</td><td> 0,5</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 27</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 0,122</td><td> 27</td><td> 12</td><td> 76</td><td> -</td><td> 0,1</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 28</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,146</td><td> 36</td><td> 7</td><td> 80</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 29</td><td> 0,685</td><td> 0,213</td><td> 35</td><td> 9</td><td> 57</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 30</td><td> 1,23</td><td> 0,443</td><td> 40</td><td> 11</td><td> 104</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 31</td><td> 0,675</td><td> 0,182</td><td> 30</td><td> 14</td><td> 57</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 32</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,227</td><td> 36</td><td> 20</td><td> 80</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 33</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,227</td><td> 36</td><td> 20</td><td> 120</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 34</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,258</td><td> 41</td><td> 16</td><td> 120</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 0,675</td><td> 0,249</td><td> 41</td><td> 3</td><td> 57</td><td> -</td><td> 0,2</td><td> 1,0</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 36</td><td> 0,9</td><td> 0,300</td><td> 37</td><td> 10</td><td> 20</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 37</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,290</td><td> 46</td><td> 11</td><td> 0</td><td> 2,0</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 38</td><td> 0,8</td><td> 0,209</td><td> 29</td><td> 24</td><td> 81</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 39</td><td> 1,0</td><td> 0,225</td><td> 25</td><td> 14</td><td> 150</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 40</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 0,086</td><td> 16</td><td> -</td><td> 20</td><td> -</td><td> 0,4</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>MnO<sub>2</sub> 1,0</td>
178 725 continued
<td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td><td> 9</td><td> 10</td><td> 11</td>
<td> 41</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 0,162</td><td> 30</td><td> < 2</td><td> 20</td><td> 0,1</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 42</td><td> 0,7</td><td> 0,258</td><td> 41</td><td> 15</td><td> 120</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>NiO 275 ppm</td>
<td> 43</td><td> 1,0</td><td> 0,315</td><td> 35</td><td> 9</td><td> 20</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 44</td><td> 1,23</td><td> 0,277</td><td> 25</td><td> 12</td><td> 104</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 45</td><td> 1,40</td><td> 0,252</td><td> 20</td><td> 10</td><td> 104</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 46</td><td> 1,30</td><td> 0,257</td><td> 22</td><td> 5</td><td> 130</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>NiO 131 ppm</td>
<td> 47</td><td> 0,9</td><td> 0,186</td><td> 23</td><td> 6</td><td> 65</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>NiO 65 ppm</td>
<td> 48</td><td> 1,1</td><td> 0,346</td><td> 35</td><td> 13</td><td> 105</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>NiO 131 ppm</td>
<td> 49</td><td> 0,8</td><td> 0,173</td><td> 24</td><td> 12</td><td> 30</td><td> 0,5</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 50</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 0,167</td><td> 31</td><td> 11</td><td> 30</td><td> 0,5</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 51</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 0,157</td><td> 29</td><td> 17</td><td> 80</td><td> 1,0</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
<td> 52</td><td> 0,45</td><td> 0,146</td><td> 36</td><td> 7</td><td> 80</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> 0,05</td><td> -</td>
<td> 53</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 0,119</td><td> 22</td><td> 20</td><td> -</td><td> 1,0</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td>
Color transmitted
<td colspan="6"></td><td>dominant colom wavelength</td><td rowspan="2">cleanliness of colom</td>
<td></td><td>LT</td><td>DSHT</td><td>UVT</td><td>and*</td><td>b *</td><td>λΌ</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 40</td><td> -0,3</td><td> 1,1</td><td> 454</td><td> 2,1%</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 69</td><td> 61</td><td> 23</td><td> -1,9</td><td> -1,4</td><td> 485</td><td> 2,7%</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 68</td><td> 59</td><td> 21</td><td> -0,8</td><td> +2,0</td><td> 570</td><td> 1,2%</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 68</td><td> 56</td><td> 22</td><td> -2,4</td><td> -0,6</td><td> 489</td><td> 2,2%</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 82</td><td> 75</td><td> 17</td><td> -2,2</td><td> +4,9</td><td> 569</td><td> 3,9%</td>
<td> 6</td><td> 80</td><td> 69</td><td> 23</td><td> -4,5</td><td> +4,5</td><td> 558</td><td> 3,1%</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 73</td><td> 59</td><td> 25</td><td> -3,5</td><td> -3,2</td><td> 486</td><td> 4,9%</td>
<td> 8</td><td> 80</td><td> 72</td><td> 23</td><td> -1,4</td><td> +1,6</td><td> 547</td><td> 0,5%</td>
<td> 9</td><td> 64</td><td> 55</td><td> 20</td><td> -1,4</td><td> + 1,5</td><td> 547</td><td> 0,6%</td>
<td> 10</td><td> 64</td><td> 48</td><td> 22</td><td> -3,7</td><td> -1,9</td><td> 488</td><td> 4,0%</td>
<td> 11</td><td> 64</td><td> 46</td><td> 23</td><td> -4,9</td><td> -3,8</td><td> 487</td><td> 6,1%</td>
<td> 12</td><td> 72</td><td> 54</td><td> 20</td><td> -3,0</td><td> +2,2</td><td> 530</td><td> 0,9%</td>
<td> 13</td><td> 71</td><td> 55</td><td> 22</td><td> -4,0</td><td> -1,6</td><td> 489</td><td> 3,9%</td>
<td> 14</td><td> 73</td><td> 56</td><td> 22</td><td> -3,4</td><td> +0,6</td><td> 495</td><td> 1,7%</td>
<td> 15</td><td> 64</td><td> 47</td><td> 17</td><td> -4,3</td><td> -0,6</td><td> 492</td><td> 3,1%</td>
178 725
<td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td>
<td> 16</td><td> 74</td><td> 52</td><td> 20</td><td> -4,6</td><td> +3,0</td><td> 534</td><td> 1,6%</td>
<td> 17</td><td> 67</td><td> 49</td><td> 22</td><td> -4,5</td><td> +2,3</td><td> 515</td><td> 1,3%</td>
<td> 18</td><td> 65</td><td> 47</td><td> 18</td><td> -2,3</td><td> +3,7</td><td> 564</td><td> 2,8%</td>
<td> 19</td><td> 57</td><td> 46</td><td> 15</td><td> +1,0</td><td> +9,0</td><td> 553</td><td> 3,0%</td>
<td> 20</td><td> 64</td><td> 54</td><td> 20</td><td> -0,3</td><td> +3,8</td><td> 576</td><td> 3,4%</td>
<td> 21</td><td> 60</td><td> 47</td><td> 19</td><td> -1,9</td><td> -2,1</td><td> 553</td><td> 1,1%</td>
<td> 22</td><td> 69</td><td> 57</td><td> 18</td><td> -4,7</td><td> +4,3</td><td> 553</td><td> 3,0%</td>
<td> 23</td><td> 71</td><td> 54</td><td> 22</td><td> -3,8</td><td> + 1,0</td><td> 499</td><td> 1,5%</td>
<td> 24</td><td> 67</td><td> 58</td><td> 11</td><td> -2,0</td><td> +3,7</td><td> 566</td><td> 2,7%</td>
<td> 25</td><td> 61</td><td> 45</td><td> 21</td><td> -4,4</td><td> +0,5</td><td> 493</td><td> 3,3%</td>
<td> 26</td><td> 73</td><td> 60</td><td> 8</td><td> -5,7</td><td> +3,9</td><td> 536</td><td> 2,2%</td>
<td> 27</td><td> 48</td><td> 41</td><td> 18</td><td> -0,8</td><td> + 1,1</td><td> 552</td><td> 0,4%</td>
<td> 28</td><td> 51</td><td> 42</td><td> 22</td><td> -3,8</td><td> -2,1</td><td> 488</td><td> 2,8%</td>
<td> 29</td><td> 50</td><td> 35</td><td> 20</td><td> -4,0</td><td> -0,2</td><td> 493</td><td> 2,8%</td>
<td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 16</td><td> 9</td><td> -8,8</td><td> -4,1</td><td> 489</td><td> 10,3%</td>
<td> 31</td><td> 49</td><td> 36</td><td> 17</td><td> -2,5</td><td> +2,5</td><td> 553</td><td> 1,7%</td>
<td> 32</td><td> 39</td><td> 29</td><td> 13</td><td> -0,7</td><td> +4,9</td><td> 574</td><td> 5,6%</td>
<td> 33</td><td> 33</td><td> 25</td><td> 12</td><td>-ι, ο</td><td> +0,9</td><td> 511</td><td> 0,3%</td>
<td> 34</td><td> 37</td><td> 27</td><td> 16</td><td> -3,3</td><td> -4,3</td><td> 484</td><td> 6,9%</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 54</td><td> 36</td><td> 15</td><td> -7,4</td><td> -1,3</td><td> 492</td><td> 5,5%</td>
<td> 36</td><td> 51</td><td> 29</td><td> 16</td><td> -6,6</td><td> +3,3</td><td> 521</td><td> 2,1%</td>
<td> 37</td><td> 40</td><td> 28</td><td> 15</td><td> -3,5</td><td> -3,4</td><td> 486</td><td> 6,0%</td>
<td> 38</td><td> 36</td><td> 27</td><td> 9</td><td> +0,6</td><td> +8,4</td><td> 578</td><td> 10,9%</td>
<td> 39</td><td> 33</td><td> 26</td><td></td><td> -3,9</td><td> -5,0</td><td> 485</td><td> 8,3%</td>
<td> 40</td><td> 75</td><td> 60</td><td> 13</td><td> -6,0</td><td> +4,4</td><td> 543</td><td> 2,7%</td>
<td> 41</td><td> 60</td><td> 49</td><td> 23</td><td> -5,8</td><td> -2,5</td><td> 489</td><td> 5,4%</td>
<td> 42</td><td> 34</td><td> 25</td><td> 17</td><td> -4,0</td><td> + 1,4</td><td> 504</td><td> 1,7%</td>
<td> 43</td><td> 52</td><td> 28</td><td> 15</td><td> -9,5</td><td> +0,3</td><td> 496</td><td> 5,3%</td>
<td> 44</td><td> 36</td><td> 24</td><td> 7</td><td> -5,7</td><td> +0,4</td><td> 496</td><td> 3,6%</td>
<td> 45</td><td> 39</td><td> 27</td><td> 5</td><td> -7,4</td><td> +0,1</td><td> 496</td><td> 4,7%</td>
<td> 46</td><td> 35</td><td> 25</td><td> 7</td><td> -7,8</td><td>-ι, ο</td><td> 493</td><td> 6,3%</td>
<td> 47</td><td> 53</td><td> 38</td><td> 16</td><td> -6,7</td><td> -1,2</td><td> 492</td><td> 5,1%</td>
<td> 48</td><td> 32</td><td> 20</td><td> 9</td><td> -7,2</td><td> +0,8</td><td> 498</td><td> 4,3%</td>
<td> 49</td><td> 38</td><td> 26</td><td> 8</td><td> -3,5</td><td> +5,0</td><td> 563</td><td> 4,9%</td>
<td> 50</td><td> 41</td><td> 28</td><td> 13</td><td> -3,4</td><td> + 1,2</td><td> 501</td><td> 1,6%</td>
<td> 51</td><td> 35</td><td> 27</td><td> 9</td><td> -0,5</td><td> +4,6</td><td> 575</td><td> 5,4%</td>
<td> 52</td><td> 51</td><td> 42</td><td> 22</td><td> -3,8</td><td> -2,1</td><td> 487</td><td> 4,5%</td>
<td> 53</td><td> 40</td><td> 33</td><td> 8</td><td> +2,4</td><td> + 10,0</td><td> 581</td><td> 13%</td>
178 725
A few examples are given for glasses that are suitable for excellent architectural glazing of buildings, due to their excellent IR and UV absorption and neutral color. The properties of architectural glass are often reported for a thickness of 6 mm, and in addition to DSHT there is Total Solar Heat Transmission (TSHT). Some examples for architectural applications are given below.
Glass permeability 6 mm thick
<td>Example</td><td>permeability</td><td>DSHT</td><td>TSHT</td><td>UVT</td>
<td></td><td>lights</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 3</td><td> 58%</td><td> 48%</td><td> 60%</td><td> 15%</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 65%</td><td> 48%</td><td> 60%</td><td> 20%</td>
<td> 11</td><td> 55%</td><td> 36%</td><td> 51%</td><td> 17%</td>
<td> 13</td><td> 63%</td><td> 44%</td><td> 57%</td><td> 16%</td>
<td> 14</td><td> 65%</td><td> 44%</td><td> 57%</td><td> 16%</td>
<td> 23</td><td> 63%</td><td> 44%</td><td> 57%</td><td> 16%</td>
118 725
178 725
ABOUT.
Gray lenses with improved DSHT and WT effects
<img file="PL178725B1_D0001.tif" />
Permeability% FEO
Publishing Department of the UP RP. Circulation of 70 copies. Price PLN 4.00.
2 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2
71 members in 24 offices
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| 9302186 | United Kingdom | A | |
| 9302186 | United Kingdom | A | |
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| 9400141 | United Kingdom | W | |
| 9302186 | – | – | – |
| GB9400141 | – | – | – |
| GB19930002186 | – | – | – |
| WO1994GB00141 | – | – | – |
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| EP0721429A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| JPH09505797A | Japan | A | |
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| EP0682646B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
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| RU2118616C1 | Russian Federation | C1 | |
| ES2119169T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| DE69411543T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| AU699949B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| AU9046798A | Australia | A | |
| DK0682646T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| US5910460A | United States of America | A | |
| US5928974A | United States of America | A | |
| CN1044357C | China | C | |
| TW367312B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| AU715351B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| PL178725B1This record | Poland | B1 | |
| IN184251B | India | B | |
| EP1067098A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP0721429B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DE69520871D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| CN1073052C | China | C | |
| DE69520871T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| JP3253086B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US2002025899A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR100322760B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR100360628B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| EP1067098B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DE69530330D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| CZ292624B6 | Czechia | B6 | |
| ES2194674T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| DE69530330T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| DE69411543T4 | Germany | T4 | |
| JP2005047801A | Japan | A | |
| JP3731896B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US6998362B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP3769571B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| CA2154279C | Canada | C | |
| CA2172133C | Canada | C |
Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 178725
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL178725B
- Application
- 94310087
- Application, DOCDB
- 31008794
- Application, EPODOC
- PL19940310087
Titles2
- English
- GLASS-MAKING BATCH COMPOSITIONS
- Polish
- Szkło sodowo-wapniowo-krzemionkowe
Classification
- CPC, 7
- C03C3/087
- C03C4/082
- C03C4/085
- C03C1/10
- C03C4/02
- Y10S501/904
- Y10S501/905
- IPC, 4
- C03C3 087
- C03C1 10
- C03C4 02
- C03C4 08
