Method of selecting signal routing in signal transmission networks
Abstract
PCT No. PCT/EP94/02951 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 6, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 6, 1996 PCT Filed Sep. 6, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/07586 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 16, 1995Determining, in a transport network, a link between a source and a destination. The network is partitioned into subnetworks between which sublinks are determined. Each subnetwork has access points which indicate the transport capacity of the subnetwork between the access points. The sublinks, in each case, extend from a first access point to a second access point. In a network having a distributed control, the sublinks are determined successively between the link already determined and a remaining subnetwork. In this arrangement, the remaining subnetwork, in each case, includes an access point already associated with the destination and does not include an access point already associated with the link. Preferably, the access points, in each case, indicate the available capacity of a subnetwork.

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5 claims: 1 independent, 4 dependent
- 1Zastrzeżenia patentowe 1. Sposób określania w sieci przesyłowej połączenia pomiędzy źródłem a punktem przeznaczenia przez podział sieci na podsieci, znamienny tym, że powtarza się następujące czynności:przyporządkowuje się punkty dostępu (11s, 11d, 12s, 12d, 13s, 13d;21s, 21d, 22s, 22d) każdej podsieci (11,12,13;21,22), przy czym przez każdy punkt dostępu wskazuje się pojemność przesyłową poszczególnej podsieci pomiędzy jej punktami dostępu, określa się podłącza pomiędzy podsieciami, przy czym każde podłączę przeprowadza się od punktu dostępu pierwszej podsieci do punktu dostępu drugiej podsieci, korzystnie punktów dostępu (11d-12s;21d-21s), i dzieli się podsieci na następne podsieci.
- 2Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że w sieci mającej sterowanie rozproszone łączy się punkt dostępu (2s) źródła ze źródłem (S) i łączy się punkt dostępu (2d) przeznaczenia z punktem przeznaczenia (D), przy czym początkowo zrównuje się pierwszy punkt dostępu z punktem dostęDu źródła, po czym przeprowadza się powtarzalnie następujące czynności, aż pierwszy punkt dostępu zrównuje się z punktem dostępu (2d) przeznaczenia:zrównuje się drugi punkt dostępu z punktem dostępu podsieci, która wyłącza pierwszy punkt dostępu i włącza punkt dostępu przeznaczenia, a podsieć wybiera się tak, że podłączę określa się pomiędzy pierwszym punktem dostępu i drugim punktem dostępu, rejestruje się tak określone podłączę i zrównuje się drugi punkt dostępu z pierwszym punktem dostępu.
- 3Sposób według zastrz. 1, znamienny tym, że w sieci mającej sterowanie scentralizowane łączy się punkt dostępu (1s) źródła ze źródłem (S) i łączy się punkt dostępu (1d) przeznaczenia z punktem przeznaczenia (D), przy czym początkowo zrównuje się pierwszy punkt dostępu z punktem dostępu źródła i początkowo zrównuje się drugi punkt dostępu z punktem dostępu przeznaczenia, po czym przeprowadza się powtarzalnie następujące czynności, aż określa się nieprzerwany łańcuch podłączy pomiędzy punktem dostępu (1s) źródła i punktem dostępu (1d) przeznaczenia:wybiera się wzajemnie wyłączające się podsieci, z których każda ma pierwszy punkt dostępu i drugi punkt dostępu, ten wybór przeprowadza się tak, że określa się podłączę pomiędzy drugim punktem dostępu podsieci i pierwszym punktem dostępu następnej podsieci, rejestruje się tak określone podłączę i dzieli się podsieci na następne podsieci.
- 4Sposób według zastrz. 1 albo 3, znamienny tym, że stosuje się, przy łączeniu sieci (1) mającej sterowanie scentralizowane i sieci (2) mającej sterowanie rozproszone, podział funkcjonalny poszczególnych układów sterowania, stosując informację sterowania o uniwersalnej strukturze do wymiany pomiędzy układami sterowania.
- 5Sposób według zastrz. 2 albo 3, znamienny tym, że stosuje się punkt dostępu (11s;21s) reprezentujący dostępną, wolną pojemność przesyłową badanej podsieci (11;21).
Independent claims5
78 paragraphs in 2 sections, as filed
The subject of the invention is a method of determining the connection between a source and a destination in a transmission network.
The term network is used here in particular to refer to the transmission network for the transmission of information and / or goods. In this context, the transmission network is, for example, a telephone network consisting of infrastructure having links, nodes and exchanges, but also a goods transmission network, consisting of a number of transmission connections, such as rail connections, and transhipment stations. Below, a few terms will be explained with reference to examples from communications technology.
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In information transmission networks, i.e. communication networks, connections are established in principle in two ways: from a central point that oversees the entire network, i.e. through central or centralized network control, or from points located on a transmission connection, i.e. by distributed network control. In the case of central control in a central control system, in principle all subordinate connections from source to destination are determined and created from central control. Because information on the entire network is available for central control, an effective connection can be selected.
In the case of distributed control in a distributed control system, the control, and thus the information required for it, are spread over the network. Since in this case certain information, such as topological information, must be present simultaneously at different points, this entails duplication of information. In any case, the local control unit selects a subordinate connection based on the available information. An overall connection is created step by step from subordinate connections that are selected in each case between one connection point and the next connection point. In this context, the control units are relatively simple. As a result of information missing from the control units that applies to the entire network, in the case of distributed control, connections may generally be less effective.
Although more efficient connections are possible with central control that specify connections in relatively large centrally controlled networks, in practice it requires complex control. To specify connections in networks with different types of control, centralized control and distributed control require different types of control information, which complicates the coupling of networks with different types of control.
Various types of control in transmission networks are known. For example, European Patent No. 0 343 611 discloses a method of controlling high speed packet bonding systems as well as a telecommunications high speed packet bonding system. The network has a distributed control structure. Processing units that evaluate the total cost function only control part of the connections entered. This solution does not deal with networks with central control.
It is known from the article by Dimitrijevica D. et al. "Routing in multi-domain networks" IEEE Infocom, Bal Harbor, Florida, USA, Volume 1, April 1991, hierarchical management algorithm for multi-domain networks, each network consisting of from several domains controlled individually. The so-called Integrated Network Control Center manages the operation of the entire network based on a limited amount of information about the entire network. The disclosed algorithm is only applicable to networks having the type control mentioned above.
He is known from the article by Huang G. "A parallel textured algorithm for optimal routing in data networks", IEEE Globecom, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, vol. 3, December 1991, network targeting algorithm data. In the algorithm, the large-scale network is divided into several smaller networks, which in turn are organized on several levels containing independent subnets. This so-called textured algorithm is not appropriate for networks with central control.
It is known to operate subnetworks in communications technology, as described, for example, in CCITT (ITU) Recommendation G. 803. However, known network sharing is not about determining connections, but about the administrative division of a network to manage the network.
The method according to the invention consists in repeating the following operations: access points for each subnet are assigned, with each access point indicating the transmission capacity of a particular subnet between its access points, the connections between subnets are determined, each connection being carried out from the first subnet access point to the second subnet access point and subnets are divided into the following subnets.
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In a network with distributed control, the source access point is connected to the source and the destination access point is connected to the destination point, whereby the first access point is first aligned with the source access point, then the following steps are repeated repeatedly until the first access point is aligned with destination access point: the second access point is aligned with the subnet access point that turns off the first access point and turns on the destination access point, and the subnet is selected so that it connects between the first access point and the second access point, the so-defined connect and the second point is registered access with the first access point.
In a network with centralized control, the source access point is connected to the source and the destination access point is connected to the destination point, whereby the first access point is aligned with the source access point, and the second access point is initially aligned with the destination access point, followed by repeatedly until the uninterrupted chain of connections is established between the source access point and destination access point: mutually exclusive subnets are selected, each having a first access point and a second access point, this selection is carried out in such a way that the connection between the second access point of the subnet and the first access point of the next subnet is determined, the connection is thus defined and the subnets are divided on next subnets.
Preferably, when connecting networks having centralized control and networks having distributed control, functional division of individual control systems is used, using control information about the universal structure of exchange between control systems.
An access point shall be used that represents the available free transfer capacity of the subnet under test.
An advantage of the invention is to provide a method of determining connections in a network that provides a simple and effective connection determination so that simple control is used, greatly simplifies the process of connecting networks having central control and networks having distributed control, and is independent of the type of network or technique used.
The network used has a distributed or centralized control structure.
In practice, the process of triggering interoperability of centrally or distributed-controlled networks is complicated. The invention makes it possible to significantly simplify this interaction by using essentially the same connection selection method for both types of networks. In this case, the connections in centrally controlled networks are determined by continuing to divide the subnets into further subnets, which in each case do not overlap, after which the sub-connections between these subnets are determined.
The advantage is that the network is divided into subnets, so-called abstractions, whereby the state, in particular the transmission capacity of the connection to the neighboring network, of each subnet is indicated at so-called access points. At these access points, network properties are grouped, that is, network elements and their properties are represented in a functionally complex manner at a higher level of abstraction. With the help of a complex representation of network elements, it is possible to determine the right connection in a simple way, without the need to use detailed information about individual network elements when selecting a connection. As a result, significant control simplification can be achieved. The repeated splitting provides a substantially recursive procedure that advantageously simplifies the determination of subordinate connections.
Splitting subnets when determining the connection has the advantage that the determined sub-connection becomes smaller and as a result less control information is required to select the sub-connection. Preferably, the network is divided into subnets in a fixed manner, i.e. substantially constant, and each subnet is assigned to a control to determine connections in the subnet. Such control requires only a relatively small amount of control information and is simple. This subnet control is, for example, a part of the central control of a centrally controlled network that is reserved for controlling the subnet or control unit or part thereof in a network having distributed control.
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The implementation of the method according to the invention in each case ensures the best connection between the last access point established in the previous connection and the next subnet. In the process, subsequent subnets continue to shrink so that the last subnet ultimately only contains the destination access point.
In a network having central control, the invention ensures that the source access point is associated with the source and the destination access point is associated with the destination. In this way, it is possible to effectively determine connections in a network having centralized control, while at the same time a very high degree of analogy for determining connections in networks having distributed control is provided. The information exchanged between the control network and the controlled subnet is identical for both the centralized and distributed control model.
The invention avoids the situation in which the selected connection proves to be useless due to the high load. The access point preferably represents not only the available capacity, but also other factors such as load level, occupancy rate, delay and / or probability of blocking a particular subnet.
The subject of the invention is illustrated in the embodiments in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows how to determine a connection in a network having centralized control and Fig. 2 schematically how to determine a connection in a network having distributed control.
Figure 1 shows the transmission network at various levels of abstraction. At the highest level I - network 1 is considered as a single unit, i.e. a single network in which it is not possible to distinguish individual connections. Source S and destination D are associated with network access points 1s and 1d. In this arrangement, the source S and destination D are connected to the access points 1s and 1d only or connected directly to the access points 1s and 1d, as shown in Fig. 1. For accessibility, the source 1s access point is called the source access point. Similarly, access point 1d is called the destination access point. Through these two access points it is possible to create a connection between source S and destination D by means of network 1.
In the figures, the access points of other subnets are similarly marked with the letters s from the source side and from the destination side. Because in the examples shown, the term connection always occurs from left to right in the figures, the source access point is located on the left, and the destination access point is located on the right of the subnet or network element.
At level II of abstraction, network 1 is considered divided into three subnets 11, 12 and 13. Access point 11s of subnet 11 is represented at level I by access point 1s, while access point 13d of subnet 13 is represented at level I by access point 1d network 1. A 1d access point at level I creates an abstraction or mapping of a 13d access point at level II. Similarly, an access point 1s at level I creates an abstraction or mapping of an 11 d access point at level II. In a similar way, level II access points abstract the network elements at a lower level, as will be explained in more detail below. If required, other parallel subnet access points, not shown in Fig. 1, at lower levels of abstraction are additionally mapped at access points 1s and 1d.
At level III abstraction in this example, the physical network elements are schematically represented. In practice, more than three levels are often used so that it is possible to obtain at the next level a further separation of subnets presented at level II. Similarly, it is possible to use more than three subnets at level II or at another level. The network elements, presented at level III, subnets 11 contain the first, second and third network elements 111, 112 and 113, e.g. switching units interconnected by lines. Similarly, network elements presented as subnet 12 at level II contain at level III network elements 121, 122 and 123 interconnected by lines, and network elements of subnet 13 contain network elements 131, 132 and 133 interconnected by li6
174 837 nannies. Each of the subnets shown has more or alternatively less than three network elements and the lines between them are only examples.
In figure 1, network elements 111, 112, 113, 121, 122 etc., e.g. switching units, are like subnets equipped with access points. In this way, the access point 11d forms a mapping or abstraction of the access points 113d and 112d, as not indicated in Fig. 1. These access points of the network elements indicate the available capacity and other state parameters of the considered network elements.
The capacity of the line, i.e. the connection path that connects network elements 113 and 121, is marked together with the capacity of the line that connects network elements 112 and 122 of network at level II by access points 11d and 12s. The access point 12s further determines the capacity or more generally the state of the subnetwork 12. The access point thus forms, as previously stated, the abstraction of many of the lower network layer points grouped together. Access points also provide information that includes content such as load level, blocking probability, and delay, which enables replacement paths to be compared based on this information.
The word line is, for example, a network element that implements a branch of the physical transmission network. Network branches are also created by other network elements. In the field of communications technology, they take the form of radial connections and the like.
In order to determine and establish the connection between the source S and destination D using the network i, the connection request is sent to network 1. Network 1 then attempts to determine the correct connection, i.e. the connection having the correct capacity, between access points 1s and 1d. At level I, where the network is represented as a single entity, individual connections cannot be distinguished. In order to select the right connection, the above-mentioned subnets are conveniently used at a lower level of abstraction. Subnets form abstractions of parts of the transmission network. The use of abstractions in which essential details of the transmission network are omitted simplifies the choice of connection, which will be presented below.
The connection between source S and destination D, i.e. between access points 1s and 1d, is determined by first identification at level II of the subnet and access points. In the case of networks having central or centralized control, as in Fig. 1, the control of network 1 is informed about the subnet topology. Network 1 determines through which subnet the desired connection is selected.
The information required on the subnets to enable connection determination includes two relationships, namely the inclusion relationship and the connection relationship. The enable relationship determines which access points are contained in each subnet, while the enable relationship determines which access point can be connected to another access point. The information contained in these connections is preferably present in each network or subnet.
As explained above, access point 1s is a mapping, that is, a representation at the higher level of access point 11s of subnet 11. For this subnet, as for other subnets, a separate form of control is provided, e.g. in the form of a reserved portion of network control 1. Subnet 11 receives from the network 1 the command to select a connection from access point 11s to access point 11d. To this end, the subnet 11 in turn can output control signals to the network elements that are represented by the subnet 11, namely network elements 111,112 and 113. It is therefore possible for these network elements within the subnet 11 to create a current connection through one or more lines.
After determining and creating the desired connection at level III from access point 11s to access point 11d, subnet 11 at level II receives confirmation of this. This confirmation is routed back through the control system that was provided for subnet 11 to network 1 at level I. In this way, network control 1 indicates that the connection has been selected and probably created between access points 11s and 11d. Information is also routed back whether the selected connection goes through network elements 112 or 113 to provide information, whether it should be continued in subnetwork 12, through network elements 121 or 122.
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Then, network 1 issues subnet order 12 to select a connection on subnet 12, especially between access points 12s and 12d, with access point 12s indicating the status of subnet 12 and the network elements contained therein. Based on this state, in particular the available capacity, the desired connection is selected and created at level III using selected network elements.
It is therefore possible to create step by step the network 1 required connection between the source S and destination D. During this network is divided into subnets, and the state, for example, transmission capacity, subnets in each case is indicated at individual access points.
Selecting connections across multiple coupled networks can cause problems in known controlled networks. These problems are solved by the invention.
If the connection is selected by a network having central control, such as the network of Fig. 1, the information, namely control information, is exchanged between different networks or subnets in a vertical direction, i.e. between networks or subnets of different levels. If many such networks are connected at level I, control information should also be exchanged between these networks. In principle, this could be done through a higher level of abstraction, O level. However, this creates the problem that setting an additional level of abstraction, associated with central control, turns out to be impractical. According to the invention, the determination of an additional level of abstraction is avoided by exchanging control information in a horizontal direction between networks at level I. This is possible due to control information exchanged in the vertical direction, identical in terms of structure with the control information exchanged in the horizontal direction. It is possible to exchange, in order to choose the connection through a number of coupled centrally controlled networks, such as telephone networks of different countries, the same information or at least the same type of information between different networks.
Another problem arises if a network having central control is connected to a network having distributed control. In a network having decentralized or distributed control, the connection is not selected as above, but is selected and created from the network element, i.e. the switching unit, to another network element. In the process, control information is sent from the network element to the network element. Selecting connections in networks with central control therefore requires control information different from that of distributed control networks. The combination of different types of networks is therefore not very easy.
As mentioned above, the present invention provides a method that uses to select connections in networks having distributed control, control information having the same structure as to select connections in centrally controlled networks. This makes it possible to connect centrally controlled networks with distributed controlled networks, without having to process control information. With the method according to the invention, it also becomes possible to select connections in two types of said networks, with a certain amount of control information that is less than the sum of the required amount of control information that would be required for the two types of networks individually. It is particularly advantageous in communication technology for international connections through which telecommunications networks of different countries are connected. Telecommunications networks in some countries have a central control structure, while in other countries distributed control structure is used. The invention creates the possibility of effective cooperation of various telecommunications networks of this type.
Figure 2 explains in more detail the selection according to the invention of connections via a network having distributed control.
Figure 2 shows the network 2, which similarly to the network 1 in Fig. 1 is connected via individual access points 2s and 2d to the source S and destination D. However, the network 2 has a distributed control, which assumes that the topological structure of network 2 is not known in a central place , with central control, but it is distributed on network elements. So network 2 is not
174 837 able to determine from the above, as in the case of network 1 of Fig. 1, the subnets through which the desired connection must or can be selected. According to the invention, however, it is possible to select a connection in such a way that a very high degree of analogy with the centrally controlled case is achieved.
In a manner corresponding to the case of Fig. 1, the network 2 receives at the highest level and abstraction the order to select the connection between access point 2s and access point 2d. Now, however, according to the distributed control method, the connection is sought not from network 2, but from access point 2s. According to the invention, the network is also divided into subnets when it is used with distributed control in order to provide analogies with networks having centralized control, i.e. information on these networks and they are important in those networks. Therefore, only one subnet of network 2 is used at the highest level of II abstraction, while the subnets do not contain the source 2s access point, but the destination 2d access point. In this case, the subnets overlap, as in Figure 2, so that some network elements belong to both subnets. Both depicted subnets 21 and 22 include an access point 21d and 22d, which at level I corresponds to the destination 3d access point, but disables the source 2s access point. Subnet 21 includes access point 21s and access point 21d, with access point 21d corresponding to access point 2d of network 2. Similarly, subnet 22 includes a Hostenu point 22s and access point 22d, with access point 22d corresponding to access point 2d of network 2.
Access points 21s and 22s and possibly other points are identified by means of the enable association. From this set of identified access points, those points are selected that provide access to the desired 2d access point of destination. The connection connection is then used to determine the possible connection paths between the network element 201 and access points 21 s and 22 s. The connection relationship here represents the available capacity of the connections under consideration, and access points 21 s and 22s provide information on possible connections from access points 21d and 22d.
Controlling the network 2 causes dialing in this way, starting from the access point 2s, the correct connections to the point accessible from the subnet. At level II, the 2s access point is not represented as such, but as a network element 201, whose 2s access point at level I is an abstraction. The subordinate considered is now sought between access points 201d and 201d 'on the right side 201, not marked as such in Fig. 2 for clarity on the network element 201 and one of the access points 21s and 22s.
The access points 21s and 22s of the subnet do not specify the total capacity but instead the available capacity of the subnet being considered. Network elements that are mapped at access points 21s and 22s ask the individual subnet for the available transmission capacity and have the values of the considered capacity at their disposal. The network now chooses a connection that leads to a subnet that has the appropriate available transmission capacity, and generally has the correct status. The state also includes a cost aspect, e.g., transmission costs through the considered network, and the access point determines other parameters of the considered network or subnet status, such as load level, blocking probability and the like.
At the lower level of abstraction III, the selected connection is created using network elements 201 and 211, which are represented at higher levels by access points. In the example of Fig. 2, it was assumed that the connection was selected through subnet 21. Further connection is selected from the access point 21 s by considering subnet 21. The procedure is used recursively until the access point from which the connection is to be made corresponds to the access point 2d. Each time a subnet is selected that is contained within the previous network or subnet. Alternate subnets within each subnet overlap partially.
The complete determination of the connection of Fig. 2 requires more than the three levels shown, since at Level III there are still several subnets whose subnetwork elements involved in the connection have not yet been determined.
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The difference between the way in which centrally controlled networks and distributed control networks are divided is that in centrally controlled networks, the subnets of a particular network or subnets are mutually exclusive, i.e. the network or subnet is divided into subnetworks that do not overlap. In distributed-controlled networks, the network or subnet is divided into subnets that can overlap. In this case, the considered subnets are selected in such a way that they always contain the destination access point, whereas in networks with central control only some of the considered subnets contain the destination access point. In addition, in centrally controlled networks, the subnet access point from which the further connection is to be selected in each case forms part of the subnet being considered. In distributed controlled networks, the connection to the subnet is selected from an isolated access point.
The information that is exchanged between the considered subnets and the access points of the distributed network is largely equivalent to the information that is exchanged between different subnets in the case of a centrally controlled network. Just as a high degree of compatibility between two control methods is achieved.
Networking into subnets can be done when the connection is determined, but is preferably determined when controlling the network. When specifying subnets, it is possible to assign subnetwork control units, control systems, and controls to individual subnets. The information exchanged by the control systems and control elements according to the invention is identical for centrally controlled networks and distributed controlled networks.
Transmission networks include, for example, the rail network, but also transmission connections that are implemented, for example, by means of ships or aircraft. The invention is used to determine transmission connections having a given capacity in devices and assemblies through which goods are transferred, such as sorting devices, conveyor factories and the like.
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UP Department of Publications. Circulation of 90 copies Price PLN 4.00
Contents2
6 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6
22 members in 13 offices
Priority claims8
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9301544 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | A | |
| 9301544 | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | A | |
| 9402951 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 9402951 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 9301544 | – | – | – |
| EP9402951 | – | – | – |
| NL19930001544 | – | – | – |
| WO1994EP02951 | – | – | – |
Members22
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO9507586A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU7615594A | Australia | A | |
| NL9301544A | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | A | |
| FI961033A | Finland | A | |
| FI961033A7 | Finland | A7 | |
| HU9600566D0 | Hungary | D0 | |
| PL313318A1 | Poland | A1 | |
| EP0722644A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| CZ68496A3 | Czechia | A3 | |
| HUT74259A | Hungary | A | |
| EP0722644B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US5793765A | United States of America | A | |
| AT169436T | Austria | T | |
| ATE169436T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE69412274D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| PL174837B1This record | Poland | B1 | |
| DE69412274T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| DK0722644T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| HU216230B | Hungary | B | |
| CZ286500B6 | Czechia | B6 | |
| UA41372C2 | Ukraine | C2 | |
| FI114127B | Finland | B |
Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 174837
- Publication, EPODOC
- PL174837B
- Application
- 94313318
- Application, DOCDB
- 31331894
- Application, EPODOC
- PL19940313318
Titles2
- English
- METHOD OF SELECTING SIGNAL ROUTING IN SIGNAL TRANSMISSION NETWORKS
- Polish
- Sposób określania w sieci przesyłowej połączenia pomiędzy źródłem a punktem przeznaczenia
Classification
- CPC, 4
- H04L45/46
- H04L45/02
- H04L45/04
- H04L45/42
- IPC, 1
- H04L12 56