Apparatus for trimming and working edges of articles being flat at least on one side

The subject of the invention is a device for cutting and processing groats of heather, on one side, flat on the other side. The device is also suitable for cutting products in the form of plates and for processing edges of cut details.

For example, if a marble countertop is to be made for the wash basin, it is now proceeded in such a way that the marble slab has a large number of elements in the form, then cut along the outer contour of the countertop, after which a hole is cut in the center of the slab washbasin. Then the edges are processed along the perimeter and around the hole, and profiled with a profile cutter and further processed by grinding, polishing and the like. For this purpose, the top of the sink must be removed from the scaffolding and fixed in such a position that the edges are easily accessible to the profile cutter. If a computer-controlled machine tool is used, it must be set at one reference point fixed at the given table top position. From the rest of the marble slab, other countertops or objects are cut and processed in the same way.

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The same applies if products in the form of plates of various sizes and shapes are made of another starting material in the form of a plate, for example glass, wood, metal or plastic.

Trimming and processing the edges of such products therefore requires a lot of time and laborious manipulations, which additionally carry the risk of damage to the product.

The object of the invention is to simplify the cutting of products from the starting material in the form of a plate and the processing of the edges of the cut products.

The device according to the invention has a retaining element in the form of a plate with a large number of retractable and retractable, separately controlled pushers, the product cut for details is based on its flat side on the pushers in their retracted position and at least one of the cut out details can be moved away from the retainer in board form at a distance at least corresponding to the height of the processed edge, by the movement of the followers acting on it in an extended position relative to the other followers on the retainer.

Preferably, the pushers of the device are arranged uniformly on the retainer.

Preferably, the device for moving the pushers from their retracted to the extended position has a slider in the form of a plate movable relative to the retainer and a locking mechanism controlled separately for each pusher. To move the pushers pushing the cut and machined edges to their extended position, all pushers are first extended through the movement of the retaining element and the slider towards each other, activating the locking mechanisms of the pushing pins cut and machined on the edges of the detail and then the retaining element and the slider are moved away from each other .

Preferably the slider and / or retainer are movable.

Preferably the pushers at the pushing ends of the article are slip resistant.

Preferably, a grate is provided as a support for the product resting on the tappets in their retracted position, the tappets moving in the holes of the grate.

Preferably, a computer-controlled machine tool is used to trim the product and to process the edges of the parts, whose computer also controls the movement of the pushers.

The device according to the invention is intended primarily for trimming products in the form of plates. However, it can also be used to trim other products and their edges. It is important, however, that the product has at least one flat side and that side rests on pins.

The retainer in the form of a plate can be rectangular. Its size depends on the size of the base plate from which the products are cut. For marble and other stone slabs, an element with a length of 2 to 4 m and a width of 1 to 2 m is sufficient. The size of the retaining element depends on the size of the raw slab being processed.

The tappets are preferably arranged evenly on the retainer. To this end, they can be arranged in layers, i.e. at the intersection of rectangular coordinates, or along parallel, diagonal lines, along concentric circles, or according to another matrix or pattern.

The spacing between pushers depends on the size of the smallest cut product. This means that the distance between the pushers must be such that the smallest cut product comes into contact with at least three pushers, and is well supported by them, so that it can be slid out on the pushers relative to the rest of the plate of the starting material or adjacent, also cut from the material output of other products to make the machined edge available for processing.

In order to properly fix the product on the tappets when trimming and processing the edges, the tappets at the touching ends of the product are slip resistant. To achieve good product adhesion to the tappets, suction cups with a vacuum mechanism or a strong rubber pad can be used at the end of each pusher. When machining metal plates, magnetic holders are also possible, and for soft materials such as wood or plastic, pins that press into the surface of the plate.

For heavy products, the retainer in the form of a plate is basically constructed horizontally and therefore has the form of a table. When processing lighter materials, e.g. wooden or plastic panels, it can be positioned vertically. In this case, however, the cut board and

169 173 cut products must be supported by the tappets also in an upright position, which is possible e.g. thanks to the suction cup with vacuum mechanisms on the tappets. It is also possible to work in a hanging position with the product placed below.

Mostly, the device according to the invention cooperates with a computer or digital controlled machine tool for trimming and for processing edges of cut products. The device can also be controlled manually, e.g. via the control panel. The control of the pushers of the device according to the invention and the control of the machine tool can be carried out by means of a common computer. If several products are cut from the output plate and their edges are processed by a computer-controlled machine tool, it is enough to set the machine tool to one reference point on the output plate.

The machine's working head can be equipped with various tools, e.g. end mill, drills and profile cutters, for different widths and edge profiles, as well as grinding and polishing instruments. Cutting products from the output plate can be improved by using CAD.

The tappets of the device according to the invention are controlled separately and thus can be individually extended and retracted so that the product whose edges are to be processed can be moved away from the rest of the panel or from other cut products to such an extent that the remaining parts of the panel interfere with the processing of the edges of the product by the processing tool.

The tappets may be in the form of rods placed in sleeves located in the plate, but it is also possible for the tappets to be in the form of threaded shafts. The tappets can be operated pneumatically, hydraulically or electrically. In order not to require a separate sliding mechanism for each pusher, which would be quite expensive, the device according to the invention has a plate-shaped slide movable relative to the retaining element placed on its non-contacting side. In addition, a separately controlled locking mechanism is provided for each pusher.

To move the tappets coming into contact with the cut product to their extended position, you can first extend all tappets by pushing the slider retainer towards you. Locking mechanisms in contact with the product to be cut, the edges of which are to be machined, and then activated by moving the retainer and slide away from each other, so that the pushers whose locking mechanisms have not been activated return to the retracted position, e.g. under the influence of gravity or a spring etc.

This means that each mandrel - when it is extended with the retainer by sliding the slider or by lowering it by means of a slider - is locked in the extended position by means of a corresponding locking mechanism. Moving the tappets with a slider has the additional advantage that all tappets supporting the product, whose edges can be processed, are extended the same distance.

If output plates of different thicknesses are used, it is possible to construct pushers with a telescopic mechanism. With slabs of natural stones, it is often the case that the two surfaces of the slab are not parallel, but the slab at one end is thinner than at the other.

In this case, the stone slab is laid on the pins with the finished side, i.e. polished, so that it forms the profile of the edge adjacent to the polished surface on the edge profiling cutter.

Instead, it is also possible to place the panel on the retainer with its upward side. To set the finished side of the plate in a horizontal position, it is possible to use e.g. a stop in the form of a plate parallel to the retainer, and thus horizontal, to which the output plate is pressed so with the help of pushers that its finished side is set horizontally.

The subject of the invention is illustrated in the embodiment in the drawing, in which: Fig. 1 shows the plate of the device retainer with many cut products and with one whose edges are machined, shown schematically and with removed parts, in perspective view from above, Fig. 2 - side part of the device in cross section, Fig. 3 - two differently constructed push rods in cross section, Fig. 4 - two different cutters for the product.

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According to Fig. 1, a plate 2, e.g. of marble, is laid on the plate-shaped retainer 1 having the form of a table. Above the plate 2 there is a movable in the X, Y, Z directions working head 3 of the machine-controlled machine tool not clearly visible on the ysuukuu. The working eye 3 is equipped with various tools 4, 5 which by rotation about the axis 6 are set in working positions, wherein the tool 4 shown in Fig. 1 is a profile cutter.

From the marble slab 2, three parts 7, B, 9 were cut out with a stone milling machine. Detail 7 is an oval plate, detail B is the sink top and detail 9 is a rectangular plate. The top of the washbasin B has a round hole 10, and has a recess 11 at the edge around the hole 10.

While the trimmed parts 7 and 9 are on the same plane as the output plate 2, the detail B, i.e. the top of the wash basin is so raised in relation to the plate 2 relative to the adjacent parts 7 and 9, oh this profile cutter 4 can process the outer edges 12, and the inner edges 13. To this end, plate B must be raised by at least edge height 12, 13, and behind it at least at plate 2.

For lifting plate B or any lifting of one of the plates 7, B and 9 or the remaining part 10, the element in the form of plate 1 has a plurality of evenly spaced tappets 14, 14 '. While on the extended pushers 14 'there is a detail B raised from the element, all other pushers 14 are in the retracted position. Details 7, B, 9 do not have to be lifted one after the other in order to process their edges, on the contrary - parts spaced apart, such as 7 and 9, can be lifted simultaneously by the tappets 14 located underneath, because then the edges are easily accessible to the device 4.

For cutting parts 7, B, 9 from the output plate 2 and for processing edges of parts 7, B, 9, the computer-controlled machine tool only needs to be set once to one reference point 15.

So that each detail 7, B, 9 can be lifted freely, the tappets 14 are controlled separately, i.e. they can be extended from the element 1. According to Figs. 2 and 3, the tappets 14 are in the form of rods arranged in sleeves 16 and movable. Further under the retainer 1 a slider 17 is provided raised and lowered by means of a cylinder 1B, a mandrel or other sliding mechanism in the direction of arrow 19. if the slider 17 is raised from the lower position marked in Fig. 2 with dashed lines to the higher position marked in Fig. 2, all pushers 14 are moved to the extended position, therefore also the pusher 14 shown in Fig. 2 on the left. In order for the supporting pins 14 of FIG. 1 whose edges can be processed - to remain in the extended position when the slider 17 returns to the higher position, each pusher has a locking mechanism 21, shown in more detail in FIG. 3 on the right and consisting of e.g. . from a short stroke cylinder 22 operating on the basis of a pneumatic, hydraulic or electric mechanism whose lock 23 running transversely to the pusher 14 meshes with one of the plurality of annular grooves 24 of the pusher 14 when the pusher 14 is so lifted by the slider 17 that the groove 24 converges lock 23. This way the lock pusher 14 is in the higher position, i.e. remains in the extended position when the slider 17 together with the cylinder 1B is lowered, as shown in Fig. 2 from the right pusher 14. However, the unblocked pushers 14, when lowering the slider 17, return to the retracted position, as shown in Figure 2 on the left pusher 14. It is also possible to use one annular groove 24. More grooves 24, however, have the advantage that the pusher 14 can be locked at different heights.

To ensure good adhesion of details 7, B, 9 and other parts of the plate to the tappets 14, the tappets have a nozzle 25 at the upper end, operating via a vacuum suction line 26.

The retainer 1 is supported by means of legs or side walls 27 on the base plate 2B, on which the sliding mechanism 1B is also arranged.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 on the left, each pusher 14 is associated with a sliding mechanism 1B '.

Figure 4 shows the left side milling cutter 5 and the right side profile milling cutter 4 and the edge of the product.

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For laying the marble slab 2 on the retainer 1 with pushers, a grate 29 can be provided. It also serves as a pallet for the marble slab 2 which is to be laid on the retainer 1, and can be - as shown in Fig. 2 by shading positioned above the tappets 14 such that the tappets 14 when leaving the grate 29 extend through the holes 30 of the grate 29, as shown for the grate 29 indicated in Fig. 2 in dashed lines lying on the retainer 1. The grate 29 can be lowered onto the retainer 1 by means of a lifting frame 31 arranged around the retainer

1. Instead, the grate 29 can remain in the position shown in Fig. 2 by hatching, the pushers 14 must then be designed so that they can extend further.

In order to cut panels 7, 8, 9 from the marble slab 2 and be able to process their edges, it is possible thanks to the device according to the invention to proceed in such a way that the marble slab 2 is displaceable on the grate 29, e.g. by means of a roller guide for the extended lifting frame 31, wherein the lifting frame 31 and the grate 29 are lowered down with the marble plate 2, and all the tappets 14 extend through the holes 30. As a result, the marble slab 2 rests firmly on the tappets 14 having the suction cups 14, while the grate 29 rests on the retainer 1. Then the sliding mechanism 18 is activated to move the slider 17 to the elevated position by positioning 20, so that all the tappets 14 are moved to the extended position. Pusher 14 ', which according to Fig. 1 they are placed under detail 8, whose edges are to be processed, they are blocked by the locking mechanisms assigned to them 21. Finally, the slide 17 is lowered to its lowered position, which means that apart from the blocked tappets 14 'and detail 8 all other tappets 14 and plate 2, as well as blanks 7 and 9 and the remaining part 10 are lowered again. The edges 12, 13 of the blank 8 thus become available and can be machined with a profile cutter 4. After lifting the workpiece 8, the oval part 10 is usually cut with a finger mill 5 and then lowered so that the inner edges 14 can be machined with a profile mill 4.

To remove parts 7, 8, 9 and the remaining part 10 after machining of the edge from the table of the retainer 1, a sliding device having a lot of separately controlled suction cups can be located above the table, so that one or several blanks and other parts can be removed at the same time.

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UP Department of Publications. Circulation of 90 copies

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