Bank of ovens for coking coals without recuperation and method of coking coals without recuperation

The present invention relates to a furnace assembly for coal recovery without recovery and a method for coal recovery without recovery.

The production of metallurgical coke in the coking coal process without recovery has not been used for many years, but a by-product coking process was used during which coke oven gas and other chemicals are recovered and / or purified for further use. However, the high construction and operational costs of by-product coking equipment have recently led to a renewed interest in the non-recovery process and to making major improvements in both operating efficiency and controlling environmental pollution from non-recovery ovens. Examples of modern, fast-operating 168,840 coke ovens without recovery, with a single flue, now used in the United States of America are set out in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,287,024 and 4,344,820.

In all furnaces of the assembly described in the patents described above, it is difficult to achieve uniformly the same coking rate. Such furnaces usually have a coke chamber up to 15.24 m long and 3.66 m wide, and are filled to a depth of at least 1.52 m with raw coal at the beginning of the 48-hour coking cycle. Usually, eight or more adjacent furnaces are connected through a common flue to a single chimney, and no other means are used to change the draft of the individual furnaces than the amount of combustion air fed through the furnace inlets to the individual flues and the common duct. Because vertical fumes leading from one of the two flue systems under each of the two adjacent furnaces are connected through a common duct to the flue, regulation of the amount of combustion air of one furnace always resulted in draft to adjacent furnaces. Downpipes are also positioned outside the vertical smoke boxes, allowing combustion air to pass through the door inlets to the nearest downpipe so that insufficient air reaches the central portion of the top of the furnace, which reduces gas combustion and coking rate in this area. In contrast, excessive combustion air in the area close to the door inlets causes excessive combustion in this part of the furnace, resulting in loss of product. In addition, in the event of incomplete coking of the charge near the center of the furnace, excessive emission of pollutants into the atmosphere may occur when the glowing coke is ejected at the end of the cycle.

The basic object of the invention is to develop an improved coal coking plant without recovery and a method for carbonizing coal without recovery with its rapid coking, which will achieve a more uniform coking rate in all furnaces of the assembly.

Another goal is to develop a coking unit that allows you to control and control the draft to individual coke ovens in a set of ovens connected to a common chimney.

Another goal is to develop such a carbon coking assembly and method of carbon coking that allows for increased performance of high-quality coking of charged coal.

A set of non-recovery coking ovens combined with a draft control system, comprising a plurality of elongated coke ovens having open ends usually closed by a movable door and placed side by side, adjacent ovens being separated by common side walls, a separate arrangement of individual flue gas ducts one under each opposite end part of each furnace, many downpipes in each of the common side walls, connecting the top of each adjacent furnace with one of the single flue systems below this furnace, multiple vertical smoke boxes in each common side wall, including at least one smoke box, attached to one of the flue systems below each neighboring furnace, an elongated common outlet duct above and transversely to the ovens in the assembly, chimney attached to the exhaust duct and running upwards from it, as well as insulated duct elements connecting the exhaust duct with smoke towers to ensure a continuous path of gas flow from each furnace through downpipes, single flue systems, isolated smoke ducts, exhaust elements, exhaust duct and the chimney to the atmosphere, according to the invention is characterized by that the thrust control system contains separate isolated duct elements connected between the exhaust duct and at least one vertical smoke box connected to each single flue system, draft control valve assemblies connected to each isolated duct element each draft regulating valve assembly includes a movable valve member and a first drive assembly positioning a movable valve member for regulating the flow of hot exhaust gases to an exhaust duct and chimney draft regulators arranged thereon to limit the flow of hot gases from the chimney to the atmosphere, which contain components bushing and second driving unit opening and

165 840 closing culvert elements, thanks to which they control the draft in the exhaust duct, thanks to which the controlled, homogeneous draft is fed through the chimney through the exhaust duct to all insulated line elements in the assembly, and the flow of hot flue gas from each single flue system is regulated by these thrust valve control units by independently controlling the draft to each furnace and thereby independently controlling the rate of coking in individual furnaces.

Preferably, each of the insulated line elements comprises a metal conduit with refractory lining located above the ovens and the thrust regulating valve assembly includes a body with refractory lining disposed in the metal conduit and having a downward opening into which the movable valve member enters, the movable member the valve includes a refractory valve plate movably mounted for vertical sliding movement in the opening 72, while the first actuator comprises a hydraulic cylinder mounted independently of the insulated line elements and attached to the refractory valve plate, the hydraulic cylinder being actuated to raise and lower the refractory valve plate into the opening from the valve body controlling gas flow through the metal conduit.

Preferably the assembly includes sensor elements for continuously sensing the position of each refractory valve plate.

Preferably, the thrust regulating valve assembly further includes guiding elements mounted on the outside of the valve body and moving with it when the metal conduit with the refractory lining expands and contracts to keep the refractory valve plate aligned in the valve body.

Preferably the vertical smoke boxes are located between the falling ducts and the ends of the individual furnaces.

Preferably, the distance between the open ends of the elongated furnaces and the nearest downpipe is at least about 20% of the furnace length.

Preferably, the distance between the open ends of the elongated furnaces and the nearest downfall duct is at least about 25% of the length of the furnace.

Preferably, the transit elements comprise a pair of valve components mounted with the possibility of limited rotation in a space about a parallel axis located on each side of the chimney at its open apex, and the other drive assembly includes means for rotating the valve components around their rotational axis in the range from a horizontal position essentially closing the chimney to a raised position ensuring minimal restriction of flow through the chimney.

Preferably, each insulated conduit comprises a metal conduit with refractory lining, located above the furnaces, and the thrust regulating valve means comprise a valve body with refractory lining disposed in a metal conduit and a downwardly opening bore in the valve body, said valve member comprising a refractory valve plate making vertical sliding movement in the hole, and the first drive assembly includes a hydraulic cylinder supported independently of the conduit and attached to a refractory valve plate, the hydraulic cylinder being actuated by raising and lowering the refractory valve plate within the valve body and controlling the gas flow in the metal conduit.

Preferably, the assembly further includes sensor elements for continuously sensing the position of each refractory valve plate.

In another embodiment, the furnace assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the draft control system includes separate insulated duct elements connected between the exhaust duct and at least one rising duct connected to each single flue system and draft regulating elements included in each an insulated wire element, with each draft regulating valve element having a body with refractory lining, having a downwardly opening, movable valve member with a refractory plate, mounted with the option of making a vertical movement through the downward directed

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Ί bore, hydraulic cylinder supported independently of the line elements and attached to the valve member with refractory plate, the hydraulic cylinder being activated to raise and lower the refractory plate through the hole in the valve body and to control the gas flow independently through each insulated pipe.

Preferably, the assembly further includes sensor elements for continuously sensing the position of each refractory valve plate.

Preferably, the thrust regulating valve means further include guiding elements mounted on the outside of the valve body and moving with it when the metal conduit with the refractory lining expands and contracts to keep the refractory valve plate in line with the valve body.

Preferably, the distance between the open ends of the elongated furnaces and the nearest downpipe is at least about 20% of the furnace length.

Preferably, the distance between the open ends of the elongated furnaces and the nearest downpipe is at least about 25% of the furnace length.

A method of carbonization of coal without recovery in a furnace set comprising many elongated coke ovens having open ends normally closed by a movable door and placed next to each other, adjacent furnaces are separated by common side walls, two separate systems of individual flue gas ducts, one under each the end part of each furnace, many downpipes in each side wall, connecting the top of each of the adjacent furnaces with one of the single flue systems below this furnace, multiple vertical smoke boxes in each common side wall, including at least one rising duct, attached to one of the single flue systems below each adjacent furnace, elongated joint outlet tunnel running above and transversely to the furnaces in the assembly, chimney connected to the exhaust duct and running upwards from it, as well as insulated duct elements connecting the exhaust duct with rising ducts to ensure a continuous flow of gas from each furnace through downpipes, single flue systems, vertical smoke boxes isolated duct elements, exhaust tunnel and chimney to the atmosphere according to the invention consists in the introduction of a separate, insulated wire, connected between the exhaust duct and at least one rising duct, attached to each single flue system, a draft regulating valve is introduced, connected to each insulated duct and the position of the draft regulating valves is selectively adjusted, which regulates the flow of hot exhaust gases from the attached a single flue system to the exhaust duct and the coking rate in the furnaces is controlled.

Preferably, a temperature testing step is then carried out in each coke oven and the draft regulating valves are adjusted in response to the temperature tested.

Preferably, the step of introducing the forehead valve into the chimney is then carried out to limit the flow of hot gases from the chimney to the atmosphere, and the position of the throttle valve is controlled, thereby controlling the thrust fed through the chimney to the outlet tunnel.

An important feature of the invention is the use of multiple heated, non-recovery coking ovens, with a single flue, which are a set of ovens adjacent to each other, with two separate single flue systems, one under each end of the furnace. Vertical dumpers, located in the walls between adjacent furnaces, have outputs connected through a channel system having thrust control valve elements, activated to regulate the flow of hot flue gases through vertical smoke boxes from each single flue system. Thus, by testing the conditions in individual furnaces, e.g. peak temperature above the furnace charge or downpipe, the draft from individual flues into this furnace can be controlled to use as a result the temperature and then the coking speed, independent of other furnaces in team.

The system of ducts connected to the vertical smoke boxes of each single flue system is connected above the furnaces to the elongated, common combustion channel located

165 840 above and transverse to the furnaces in the assembly, while in turn a chimney directed upwards is attached to provide draft to all furnaces in the assembly.

"The assembly is used here to designate many furnaces connected to a common flue, although many such" assemblies can be constructed as a unit. For example, a single assembly may consist of 9 furnaces connected to each common duct and chimney, with many such assemblies being constructed as a single assembly unit, in which case the term "assembly may also be used in industry to refer to the entire device.

The chimney of each individual furnace assembly is equipped at the top with a wing-type thrust control valve or a throttle assembly with actuators actuated to move the valve between the fully open position ensuring substantially unobstructed flow of gas from the chimney and the completely closed position sealing the top of the chimney. During the coking operation, the position of the chimney draft control valve is normally kept fully open or close to it, while the valve can be adjusted to limit the gas flow from the chimney to provide the required draft in the common combustion channel. Chimney draft control affects the temperature and, as a result, the rate of coking.

During the coking process, the amount of combustion air is to the upper parts of individual ovens through adjustable inlets in the door that close the ends of the individual ovens. Because the downpipes have inlets located near the center of the furnaces, the combustion air and flue gas flow through the top of the batch, essentially across the entire length of the furnace to produce a more uniform coking rate than the top of the batch. This arrangement eliminates the likelihood of extracting combustion air from the door inlets directly through the downpipes and depleting the oven center, as was possible in known furnaces.

The subject of the invention is shown in the embodiments of the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a coal coking assembly according to the invention in a front elevational view, fig. 2 - part of the structure of fig. 1 in a vertical elevational view, fig. 3 the structures of Fig. 1 in longitudinal vertical section along lines 3-3, Fig. 4 - the structure of Fig. 1 in enlarged cross section along lines 4-4 in Fig. 3, Fig. 5 - the structure of Fig. 1 in enlarged partial section along line 5-5 of Fig. 3, Fig. 6 - the structure of Fig. 1 in section along the line 6-6 of Fig. 3, Fig. 7 - the structure of Fig. 1 in enlarged section along the line 7-7 of Fig. 3, Fig. 8 - top view of the chimney enlarged view showing the draft control valve in the chimney in a fully closed position, Fig. 9 - part of the chimney in an enlarged vertical projection, with the valve regulating the chimney in a different position and Fig. 10 - part of the valve assembly controlling the ascending duct.

The coal coking assembly 10 shown in detail in the drawing, according to the invention, has a plurality of furnaces 12 constructed to contact each other sideways. Adjacent ovens 12 have common side walls 14. The ovens 12 have an elongated coke chamber 16 surrounded by vertical side walls 14, usually arched vault 18 based on side walls and a horizontal floor 20 on which a coal load undergoing coking lies. The furnaces 12 have open ends that are closed during the coking cycle with substantially identical movable doors 22. Door 22 typically has a welded steel structure with a refractory cast liner with a plurality of adjustable air inlets 24 located in each of the doors 22.

It can be seen best in Figures 4 and 5 that floor 20 is supported on side walls 14 and a plurality of parallel, intermediate walls 30 made of refractory bricks that form the arrangement of elongated, single flue gas ducts described below. In the side walls 14 there are many vertical downpipes, i.e. channels 42, each of which has an inlet 44 connecting to the top of the respective coking chamber 16 and an outlet 46 leading to a single flue 32 near the side wall 14. In each of the common side walls 14 there are also many flues, i.e. vertical smoke boxes 48, each of which has an inlet 50 connecting to the adjacent single flue 32.

165 840 9 ducts 48 run up through walls 14 and are connected to a chimney or duct system, which will be described in more detail below.

Figure 3 shows two separate, single flue gas heating systems that are located below each furnace 12. Two individual flue gas systems below each furnace 12 are indicated by the dashed line in Figure 3, with individual flue gas systems arranged on each side of the area marked with a dashed line are essentially identical and are connected to adjacent ovens in the assembly. As can be seen, each side wall 14 has six downpipes 42 and four smoke ducts 48, with six downpipes 42 being spaced at equal intervals, three on each side of the center line pulling along the assembly, and preferably an external vertical smoke box offset from the longitudinal line middle distance not more than about 25%, and preferably less than about 20% of the total length of the individual furnace. In one construction unit, the total length of the furnace is approximately 46 feet 8 inches (14.22 m). The distance from the longitudinal center line of the assembly to the outer wall of the external downpipe is about 8 feet 3 inches (2.51 m). The vertical bubbles 48 are placed in the wall 14 outside the downpipes 42, the outer vertical smoke box 48 being preferably moved away from the end of the side wall 14 by a distance of at least about 20% and preferably about 25% of the total length of the furnace.

As shown in Figure 6, a series of partition walls 52 are perpendicular to the intermediate walls 30 and divide the individual single flues 32 into sections, insulated from each other at opposite ends of the furnace. Adjacent individual flue gas channel sections 32 are connected to each other at their opposite ends by connecting holes 54 arranged in the walls 30 to ensure a continuous flow of flue gas back and forth transverse to the width of the furnace at its one end, while adjacent single flue gas tube sections 32 at the other end are connected to each other at opposite ends by similar connecting holes 54, to ensure a continuous gas flow back and forth through the other end of the furnace.

In Figures 3, 4 and 7 it can be seen that the pair of vertical smoke boxes 48 is connected at one end to individual flues 32, and at the top of the wall 14 is connected to a common flue or pipe system 56. The duct 56 consists of an upwardly extended elongated transition segment 58 into which gases flow from two vertical smoke boxes 48, an elbow 60 and a horizontally running segment 62 attached to a common, elongated flue 64 running transversely and above the furnace vaults 12 in the assembly 10, the waste heat is removed. The pipe system 56 is made of a metal pipe usually of rectangular shape, lined with refractory lining. In the horizontal segment 62 there is a valve for draft regulation by means of a connected single flue system in the respective chamber 16 of the furnace.

In Figure 1, it is best seen that the common channel 64 is arranged along the entire length of the assembly 10 (which in the embodiment shown consists of 9 furnaces). A single common chimney 68 is connected to the central part of the flue 54, runs up and creates a draft in the common flue 64, and thus in a single flue system 32 below all ovens 12 in the assembly 10. A separate pipe system 56 is used to connect each individual exhaust channel system 32 to the common channel 64. Because these pipe systems are identical, only one system will be described in detail, and it is understood that the description applies to all such systems in the device.

The thrust control valve has a body 70 with a refractory liner incorporated into segment 62, the body 70 having a rectangular opening 72 in the bottom wall that the fireproof valve flap enters, or a damper valve 74. The slide 74 is moved vertically in the body 70 in either the upper position, in which position it is completely raised, and then the gas flow path through the conduit system is completely closed and the lower position, in which it is completely lowered and then the gas flows without obstructions. The refractory valve flap 74 is mounted on a horizontally arranged metal base plate 76 that projects laterally outwardly on each side of the valve body 70. The hydraulic cylinder 78 is used to move the valve flap 74 in the vertical direction. The hydraulic cylinder 78 is mounted in a fixed position on a structural beam 80 based on columns 81 at the top

165 840 of the wall 14. The end of its stem is pivotally attached by means of a spigot 82 to the base plate 76 and serves to move the valve flap 74 as described.

A pair of vertical rectangular tubular members 84 spaced relative to each other are welded to each external vertical sidewall of the valve body 70. They form guide channels in which pairs of guide rods 88 are mounted and projecting vertically upwards from the outwardly directed in opposite directions end portions of the base plate 76. Guide rods 88 perform vertical sliding movement in the guide channels of tubular members 84 to maintain the refractory valve plate 74 in exact alignment with the rectangular opening 72 located in the bottom of the body 70 with refractory lining. Outwardly on the opposite side faces of the guide pins 88 there are a plurality of guide rollers 90 that mate with the outwardly facing surface of the rectangular tubes 84 to hold the valve flaps 74 and base plate 76 exactly transverse to the opening 72. The bolt connection 82 is constructed in sufficient clearance to allow limited movement of the base plate 76 and valve flap 74 relative to the hydraulic cylinder 78 so that the valve body performs limited movement due to the expansion and contraction of the conduit arrangement during operation.

In Figure 10, it is best seen that one of the guide pins 88 has a rack 94 that engages with a pinion 96 mounted on the valve body 70. During the rotation of the pinion shaft 96, the rack 94 moves vertically. The pinion shaft 96 is connected to a position indicator switch or potentiometer 98, which provides a signal to the operator panel (not shown), constantly indicating the position of the thrust valve. This allows the operator to accurately position the hydraulic cylinder 78 of each draft control valve from a common control station to independently control the draft in individual furnaces 12, thereby maintaining the same coking speed throughout the entire assembly 10. Actually, the sensors, not shown, comprising temperature sensors located at the top of the furnace 12 or in a single flue 32 and pressure sensors at the top of the furnace 12, in the individual flues 32 or vertical smoke boxes 48 are used to determine the required position of the thrust valves. The signals from these sensors in combination with the signal from the valve position sensors 98 can be input into a computer or process control device to automatically maintain continuous control of the entire assembly.

Figures 1, 8 and 9 show a chimney 68 equipped with a thrust control throttle valve assembly 100, made of two substantially identical components 102, 104 mounted on opposite sides of the chimney 68, near its apex. Each subassembly 102, 104 has a semi-circular, refractory valve plate 106 rigidly mounted on a support frame 108 attached to rotate on a horizontal shaft 110. Shaft 110 is supported by a pair of journal bearings 112 located on outwardly oriented brackets 114 rigidly mounted, e.g. welded on a metal outer jacket of a chimney 68 lined with refractory lining. In the closed position, shown in Fig. 9, the two valve plates 106 cooperate to form an inverted lid resting on the open top of the chimney 68 and sealing it.

The structural frames 108 have a pair of transverse arms 116 protruding outwardly from the shaft 110 in the opposite direction to the plate 106. A heavy plate 118 of concrete or similar material is mounted on the arms 116 to balance the weight of the valve plate 106. The end of the hydraulic cylinder 120 is pivotally connected to bracket 122 on chimney 68, and the end of the piston rod is pivotally connected via bracket 124 to arms 116. In Fig. 9 it is shown that the hydraulic cylinder 120 is used to rotate the arms 116 in such a direction that the frame 108 rotates around the shaft 110 and the valve plates 106 move between the closed position, indicated by dashed lines, and the fully open position, marked by solid lines. In the closed position, the throttle control valve assembly 100 effectively seals the top of the chimney 68, cutting off the entire furnace string. In the fully open position, the plates 106 are essentially no obstacle to the gas stream, enabling such chimneys to induce maximum thrust in furnaces 12. It is understood

165 840, of course, that the coking furnace assembly 10 cannot produce coke when the chimney 68 is closed, and the thrust control valve assembly 100 is completely closed only when none of the furnaces 12 in the assembly 10 has a coke feed. The closure of the throttle valve assembly 100 prevents the cooling air from drawing through the furnaces 12 into the chimney 68 when the furnaces are not used for coke production, whereby the heat in the furnaces 12 is protected until the next coking cycle begins.

The valve assembly 100 controlling the chimney draft 68 functions as a throttle, limiting the thrust generated by the chimney 68 in common channel 64 and, consequently, in all furnaces 12 in assembly 10. By controlling the draft to maintain the negative pressure in common channel 64, the overall coking rate can be affected in the assembly and at the same time via control valve 66 for draft regulation. In vertical smoke box 48 it is possible to regulate the draft in individual furnaces 12, which is a requirement for a more homogeneous level of coking speed in the entire assembly 10.

By placing the vertical smoke box 48 closer to the ends of the furnaces 12, with downpipes 42 located only in the central section of the furnace walls 12, and by accurately controlling the draft to the individual furnaces 12, the conditions affecting the coconut rate in the furnaces 12 can be precisely controlled. This arrangement allows the furnaces 12 to be charged in accordance with the control schedule, preventing both the danger of opening the furnace in which the feed was not completely subjected to the coking operation and the loss of coke due to combustion after coking. Opening the furnace before the coking process is completed not only causes excessive emissions to the atmosphere, but also reduces the quality of the final product.

During operation of the coke oven assembly 10 according to the invention, the coal charge coking characteristics will to some extent determine the draft required for the furnaces to maintain the required burning rate of coke oven gas and distillation products. When the mixture used is homogeneous, it is possible to ensure a constant or standard setting of the degree of opening of the chimney draft control valve 100 and provide the required control by adjusting the control valve 66 for vertical fume only during the coking cycle. This standard setting of the degree of opening for the chimney draft valve 100 can be adjusted when the mix of coal forming the charge is changed or when other conditions make it impractical using only vertical fume thrust control.

Although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed and described in detail, it is believed that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although the invention has been described based on an assembly 10 consisting of 9 furnaces 12 connected to a common chimney, the number of furnaces in such an assembly could vary. Also, a number of such assemblies can be constructed as a single, assembly construction unit, with each assembly attached to its own common channel and chimney. Accordingly, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment, and that it is intended to include all embodiments that would be clear to a person skilled in the art and which would fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

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