Combustion system for dual fuel engine
Abstract
We provide a torch cell for a dual gas-liquid fuel engine, the torch cell has a torch cell nozzle at one end thereof and the other end having appropriate means to connect said torch cell to a fuel supply. A fuel injector is mounted in said torch cell at a predetermined angle to an axis of said torch cell. The torch cell has an auto-ignition chamber that is in operative communication with the injector by an injector nozzle passageway. The injector nozzle passageway enters the auto-ignition chamber at a predetermined angle relative to the cell axis. The torch cell provides an improved dual fuel engine and method for operating a dual fuel engine by use of its autoignition chamber. We also provide a cylinder head which can replace present dual fuel engine cylinder heads. Our cylinder head has at least one of our torch cells operatively connected to the cylinder head.

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18 claims: 12 independent, 6 dependent
- 1CONCLUSIES CONCLUSIONS 5 Engine suitable for two fuels, being a piston engine suitable for the use of both gaseous fuel and liquid fuel, characterized by an externally arranged torch cell (torch cell) (50) for the ignition of 5 1. Motor geschikt voor twee brandstoffen, zijnde een zuigermotor die geschikt is voor de toepassing van zowel gasvormige brandstof als ook van vloeibare brandstof, gekenmerkt door een uitwendig opgestelde toorts cel (torch cell) (50) voor de ontsteking van 10 the gaseous fuel. 10 de gasvormige brandstof.
- 4A dual fuel engine according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the torch cell (50) comprises externally energized heating means for increasing the temperature gradient in the inner surface of the torch cell, which 4. Motor geschikt voor twee brandstoffen volgens een van de conclusies 1-3, waarbij de toorts cel (50) uitwendig van energie voorziene verhittingsorganen omvat voor het verhogen van de temperatuurgradiënt in het inwendige oppervlak van de toorts cel, die 30 serve to start the ignition upon contact of the liquid fuel substance with the chamber surface of the torch cell. 30 dienst doen voor het starten van de ontsteking bij contact van de vloeibare brandstofsubstantie met het kameroppervlak van de toorts cel.
- 7Two-fuel engine according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the torch cell assembly (50) comprises an injection means (80) for introducing the liquid fuel into the chamber (100) of the torch cell, which injection means (80) below 7. Motor geschikt voor twee brandstoffen volgens een van de conclusies 1-6 waarbij het toorts cel samenstel (50) een inspuitmiddel (80) omvat om de vloeibare brandstof in de kamer (100) van de toorts cel binnen te voeren, welk inspuitmiddel (80) onder 30 an angle is arranged with respect to the axial diametrical placement of the chamber (100) of the torch cell. 30 een hoek is opgesteld met betrekking tot de axiale diametrale plaatsing van de kamer (100) van de toorts cel.
- 99 0 0 2 425 angle with respect to an axis of the torch cell, that one end of the self-ignition chamber generally has the shape (52) of 9 0 0 2 425 hoek ten opzichte van een as van de toorts cel vasthoudt, dat het ene einde van de zelfontstekingskamer in zijn algemeenheid de vorm (52) heeft van 5 a segment of a sphere in which the spherical portion is operatively connected to the passage (70) for the nozzle of the injection member, and at the other end a generally portion of a paraboloid shape (93) 5 een segment van een bol waarbij het bolvormige gedeelte werkzaam is verbonden met de doorgang (70) voor het mondstuk van het inspuitorgaan, en aan het andere einde een in zijn algemeenheid een gedeelte van een paraboloïde vorm (93)
- 1010 shows that is complementary to the end of the part of the sphere, for the purpose of forming a bulb-paraboloid-shaped self-igniting chamber (100) generally composed of parts and 10 vertoont die complementair is aan het uiteinde van het deel van de bol, ten behoeve van het vormen van een in zijn algemeenheid uit delen samengestelde bol-paraboloïde vormige zelfonstekingskamer (100) en 15 - that the passage (102) for the torch mouthpiece communicates with the self-ignition chamber (100) through the part face (95) of the part of a paraboloid. 15 - dat de doorgang (102) voor het mondstuk van de toorts in verbinding staat met de zelfontstekingskamer (100) door middel van het deelvlak (95) van het deel van een paraboloïde.
- 1113. Cylinder head (24) for an engine with a multitude 13. Cylinderkop (24) voor een motor met een veelheid 20 of cylinders and wherein at least one inlet valve and at least one outlet valve are operatively connected to each cylinder, characterized by means for mounting on it at least one of the torch cells of claims 11 or 12. 20 van cylinders en waarbij aan iedere cylinder tenminste een inlaatklep en tenminste een uitlaatklep werkzaam is verbonden, gekenmerkt door middelen voor het erop aanbrengen van tenminste een van de toorts cellen van de conclusies 11 of 12. 25 25
- 1214 14 Cylinder head according to claim 13 for engines suitable for two fuels, in particular gaseous liquid fuels, which has a plurality of cylinders and in which two inlet valves, two outlet valves and a first liquid fuel injection device are operatively connected to each cylinder head, characterized by:Cylinderkop volgens conclusie 13 voor motoren geschikt voor twee brandstoffen, met name gasvormigevloeibare brandstoffen, die een veelheid van cylinders vertoont en waarbij aan elke cylinderkop twee inlaatkleppen, twee uitlaatkleppen en een eerste inspuitorgaan voor vloeibare brandstof werkzaam zijn verbonden, gekenmerkt door: twee toorts cellen (50) voor vloeibare brandstof die werkzaam zijn verbonden met de cylinderkop (25) , welke toorts cellen (50) werkzaam zijn verbonden met de cylinderkop in de nabijheid van een omtrek van de cylinderkop en elk zijn aangebracht tussen een inlaatklep (26) en een uit5 laatklep (28), welke toorts cel een in zijn algemeenheid buisvormig inspuitlichaam (60) vertoont met een massief gedeelte (62) aan een einde ervan, terwijl het andere einde geschikte middelen two liquid fuel torch cells (50) operatively connected to the cylinder head (25), said torch cells (50) operatively connected to the cylinder head in the vicinity of a circumference of the cylinder head and each arranged between an inlet valve (26) ) and an outlet valve (28), which torch cell has a generally tubular injection body (60) with a solid portion (62) at one end thereof, while the other end appropriately means 10 has to seal the tubular body and to connect the tubular body to a liquid fuel supply, which has the solid portion a first and a second end, 10 heeft om het buisvormige lichaam af te sluiten en om het buisvormige lichaam te verbinden met een toevoer van vloeibare brandstof, dat het massieve gedeelte een eerste en een tweede einde vertoont,
- 1315 - which first end communicates with the tubular injection body, which has a passage (70) for an injection member formed in the solid part, which passage for an injection member has such a shape that it can hold a second liquid fuel injection member (80) retaining at a predetermined angle with respect to an axis of the tubular body, which second injection member (80) is arranged 15 - welk eerste einde in verbinding staat met het buisvormige inspuitlichaam, dat in het massieve gedeelte een doorgang (70) voor een inspuitorgaan is gevormd, welke doorgang voor een inspuitorgaan een zoda20 nige vorm heeft dat het een tweede inspuitorgaan (80) voor vloeibare brandstof kan vasthouden onder een vooraf bepaalde hoek ten opzichte van een as van het buisvormige lichaam, welke tweede inspuitorgaan (80) is aangebracht 25 in the tubular injection body (60) and in the passage (70) for the injection member, which second end defines a generally hemispherical cavity (52), which semicircular cavity (52) 25 in het buisvormige inspuitlichaam (60) en in de doorgang (70) voor het inspuitorgaan, welke tweede einde een in zijn algemeenheid half bolvormige holte (52) bepaalt, welke half bolvormige holte (52) een vooraf 30 has a certain volume and is generally symmetrical in relation to the axis of the tubular body, the second fuel injector having a nozzle (84), 30 bepaald volume heeft en in zijn algemeenheid symmetrisch is gevormd ten opzichte van de as van het buisvormige lichaam, dat het tweede brandstof inspuitorgaan een mondstuk (84) vertoont, 35 - which nozzle (84) of the injector through a passage (70) for the nozzle 35 - welk mondstuk (84) van het inspuitorgaan door middel van een doorgang (70) voor het mondstuk 25 15. 25 15. 25 15. 25 15. of the injection member is in operative communication with the hemispherical cavity (52), which passage (70) for the nozzle enters the hemispherical cavity at a predetermined angle with respect to said axis, that a nozzle (90) of the torch is sealably (104) connected to said second end, which nozzle (90) of the torch defines a cavity (93) of the nozzle formed from a part of a paraboloid which is adapted to the hemispherical cavity (52) to form a combined bulb-paraboloid self-ignition chamber generally composed of parts (100) and a passage (102) of the torch nozzle connecting the self-ignition chamber (100) at a predetermined angle to the upper interior portion of the cylinder head (24) and facing an interior portion of the cylinder head in which a tapered groove (121) is formed which is tapered from the passage (102) of the torch nozzle. van het inspuitorgaan in werkzame verbinding staat met de half bolvormige holte (52) , welke doorgang (70) voor het mondstuk de half bolvormige holte binnentreedt onder een vooraf bepaalde hoek met betrekking tot de genoemde as, dat een mondstuk (90) van de toorts afdichtbaar (104) is verbonden met het genoemde tweede einde, welke mondstuk (90) van de toorts een uit een deel van een paraboloïde gevormde holte (93) van het mondstuk bepaalt dat aangepast is aan de half bolvormige holte (52) ter vorming van een gecombineerde in zijn algemeenheid uit delen samengestelde bol-paraboloïde zelfontstekingskamer (100), en een doorgang (102) van het mondstuk van de toorts die de zelfontstekingskamer (100) onder een vooraf bepaalde hoek tot het bovenste inwendige gedeelte van de cylinderkop (24) verbindt en die is gericht naar een inwendig gedeelte van de cylinderkop waarin een tapse groef (121) is gevormd, die taps verloopt vanaf de doorgang (102) van het mondstuk van de toorts. Improved combustion method for a piston engine suitable for two fuels, showing the steps of introducing a gaseous fuel mixture into the chamber of a cylinder of the engine, compressing the gaseous fuel mixture by means of a reciprocating piston in the cylinder, igniting the compressed fuel mixture at the upper position of the compression stroke in the cylinder chamber, characterized by igniting the compressed fuel mixture using a torch cell Verbeterde werkwijze van verbranding voor een zuigermotor die geschikt is voor twee brandstoffen, vertonende de stappen van het invoeren van een gasvormig hrandstofmengsel in de kamer van een cylinder van de motor, het comprimeren van het gasvormige hrandstofmengsel door middel van een heen en weer gaande zuiger in de cylinder, het ontsteken van het gecomprimeerde hrandstofmengsel bij de bovenste positie van de compressieslag in de cylinderkamer, gekenmerkt door het ontsteken van het gecomprimeerde hrandstofmengsel met behulp van een toorts cel voor 900 900
- 1416. 16. 16. 16.
- 1517. 17. 17. 17.
- 1618. 18. 18. 18.
- 1719. 19. 19. 19. brandstof die uitwendig van de cylinder is opgesteld, welke toorts cel een zelfontstekingskamer bevat. fuel disposed externally of the cylinder, which torch cell contains a self-ignition chamber. Improved method according to claim 15, characterized by including the step of introducing a portion of the compressed gaseous mixture into the torch cell via a port means communicating with the cylinder chamber, and then introducing a liquid fuel for self-ignition into the cell, for igniting the liquid fuel on contact with the compressed mixture, and igniting the compressed gaseous mixture in the cylinder chamber via said port means. Verbeterde werkwijze volgens conclusie 15 gekenmerkt door het omvatten van de stap van 'het invoeren van een gedeelte van het gecomprimeerde gasvormige mengsel in de toorts cel via een poortmiddel dat in verbinding staat met de cylinderkamer, en het dan invoeren van een vloeibare brandstof voor zelfontsteking in de cel, ten behoeve van het ontsteken van de vloeibare brandstof bij contact met het gecomprimeerde mengsel, en het ontsteken van het gecomprimeerde gasvormige mengsel in de cylinder kamer via het genoemde poortmiddel. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that the gaseous mixture in the cylinder chamber consists of a low-fuel mixture to ensure complete combustion of this gaseous mixture. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 15 met het kenmerk, dat het gasvormige mengsel in de cylinderkamer bestaat uit een brandstofarm mengsel ter verzekering van volledige verbranding van dit gasvormige mengsel. Improved method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the engine has one or more cylinders and one or more torch cells, the amount of fuel for self-ignition introduced into the self-ignition chamber of the torch cell or cells being a fraction is from one percent to fifty percent of the total fuel used by the engine, depending on the relative dimensions, geometry and number of self-ignition chambers. Verbeterde werkwijze volgens conclusie 15 of 16, met het kenmerk, dat de motor een of meer cylinders vertoont en een of meer toorts cellen, waarbij de hoeveelheid van brandstof ten behoeve van zelfontsteking die wordt ingevoerd in de zelfontstekingskamer van de toorts cel of cellen een fractie is van een procent tot vijftig procent van de totale brandstof die door de motor wordt gebruikt, afhankelijk van de relatieve afmetingen, de geometrie en het aantal zelfontstekingskamers. A method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that the torch cell comprises a substantially spherical chamber, the gate means being arranged tangentially with respect to the chamber of the torch cell to obtain a swirl effect in the compressed gaseous mixture that is introduced into the chamber of the torch cell from the chamber of the cylinder, with the fuel in the compressed swirling gaseous mixture Werkwijze volgens een van de conclusies 15-17, met het kenmerk, dat de toorts cel een in wezen bolvormige kamer omvat, waarbij de poortmiddelen tangentiaal zijn opgesteld met betrekking tot de kamer van de toorts cel ter verkrijging van een wervel effect in het gecomprimeerde gasvormige mengsel dat wordt binnen gevoerd in de kamer van de toorts cel vanuit de kamer van de cylinder, waarbij de brandstof in het gecomprimeerde wervelende gasvormige mengsel 5 is introduced at a predetermined angle, to associate with its flow and to ensure complete combustion after ignition. 5 wordt binnengevoerd onder een vooraf bepaalde hoek, om zich te verenigen met de stroming daarvan en om na ontsteking volledige verbranding te verzekeren.
Independent claims12
66 paragraphs in 4 sections, as filed
60.77.1394
Cooper Industries, Inc., Houston, Texas, United States of America
IMPROVED COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR A ENGINE SUITABLE FOR
TWO FUELS
This invention relates to an improved combustion system for engines suitable for two fuels.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Stationary-running piston engines that use natural gas or other gaseous fuels for the ignition energy from a spark, or from a small amount of auxiliary fuel (typically 5% of the total amount of fuel) with a suitable cetane number (normal diesel oil fuel) that injected directly into the combustion chamber. Auxiliary fuel-fired engines meet a requirement of the main markets, as they exceed spark-ignition engines in durability and permissible power and are suitable for switching to and from full diesel fuel supply when in operation. These engines with ignition by means of an auxiliary fuel are referred to as gas-diesel engines or engines suitable for two fuels (dual fuel engines).
Typical engines suitable for two fuels are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,603,674 to Tamaka; 4,463,734 to Akeroyd; and 4,527,516 to Foster.
Control of engine exhaust gases, in particular NOx exhaust gases, is also in the spotlight, as is disclosed in US Patent Nos. 4,306,526 in the name of Schaub at al; and 4,524,730 to Doell et al.
.9002425
Although the auxiliary fuel ignition engine today represents the most efficient fuel consumption power tool in commercial use, these engines exhibit objectively high levels of exhaust gases that can be detected by analytical method and that can be visually perceived as yellow in color. Extensive work at the research level has linked the objectionable exhaust levels to the competition between the auxiliary liquid fuel and the primary gaseous fuel with regard to the available oxygen. This competition with regard to oxygen falls to the advantage of the gaseous fuel amount and disadvantages the fraction of the auxiliary fuel, which results in high exhaust levels from the liquid fuel.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to control the exhaust gases, i.e. the yellow mist at the setting suitable for two fuels, as well as in general to obtain an extension of the control of other exhaust gases. Another object of the present invention is to improve fuel consumption, to improve the quality of the power, and to increase the use of the engine suitable for two fuels. A further object of the present invention is to carry out the above objectives in a simple manner which is effective in cost control, which ensures the durability of the parts and which provides flexibility in the application of the invention.
The realization of these objects can be achieved by applying the present invention, which relates to the provision of an externally arranged, liquid fuel-fed torch cell assembly which communicates with the main chamber of the piston, which cell provides means for optimum ignition of the poor gaseous fuel mixture in the main chamber at the time of the maximum compression at the upper position during the compression stroke.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an external, independent torch cell assembly that can be used in a simple manner in situations where it is subsequently applied, as well as in the manufacture of original equipment.
Other purposes will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the description in conjunction with the drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 is an upright side view, partially in section, of a four-stroke V-type engine design designed for high power and continuous operation;
Figure 2 is an upright side view, partially in section, of a corresponding motor that is lighter in weight, for back-up service in offshore applications and for the marine, and which operates at a slightly higher speed;
Fig. 3 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber that includes the improved torch cell assembly, and which embodies the teachings of the present invention, for use in the gaseous fuel working setting, and a standard injection nozzle for use in the full diesel setting;
I
Figure 4 is an enlarged upright view of a portion of the torch cell of Figure 3,
Figure 5 is an upright side view of a cylinder head assembly of the type contemplated for the present invention;
Figure 6 is an upright bottom view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5 of the cylinder head with the lid removed;
Figure 7 is a partial sectional view taken on line 7-7 in Figure 6 showing the inserts for the valve seat;
Figure 8 is an upright sectional view of a piston of the type contemplated for use with the present invention; and
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a cylinder head of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
Referring to the drawings, in particular Figures 1 and 2, in which corresponding parts are designated with the same reference numerals, Figure 1 shows a characteristic motor 10 of the type with which the present invention is intended to be used, which motor comprises a base 12 which supports central frame 14, on which a number of cylinder blocks 16 are arranged which are arranged in an intermediate space <sup>11</sup>V arrangement with regard to the central frame. Preferably the base, the central frame and the number of cylinder blocks are each made from one part, in order to obtain a maximum strength
0 0 2 42 5 and be permanently aligned if they are interconnected. An axially arranged high-power crankshaft 18 is mounted in the central frame, supported in length by suitable bearings, and is connected by means of connecting rods 20 to additional pistons 22, each of which is placed in a bore of a cylinder block 16. Each cylinder is closed at its upper end with the aid of a suitable head 24, which normally comprises two inlet valves 26 and two outlet valves 28, the valve seats preferably being of the insert type and being made of a material with a high heat resistance. The valves are operated by appropriately adjustable camshafts 30 which are in contact with cam rollers 32, which have push rods 34 and which operate with the aid of toggle boots 36, or other suitable means, to adjust the valves in an adjusted ratio. In general, a fuel injection nozzle 40 is also placed on the axis of the cylinder head 24, between the valves 26 and 28, as is usual with standard diesel-type engines. The injection device 40 may further consist of an injection element with a plurality of openings, as shown in the still pending patent application of Helmeich entitled LOW EMISSION DUAL FUEL ENGINE AND METHOD OR OPERATING SAME. The added valve 42 is also present for starting the single-engine diesel engine, by moving the cylinders with compressed air until the compressive force of the cylinders will heat the air and the fuel mixture to the ignition point, where combustion will take place in a normally functioning institution. The different parts of the low-power motor in Figure 2 are indicated by the same reference numerals, with the addition of the suffix a.
The two-fuel engine of Figure 1 is an LSVB four-stroke engine and the two-fuel engine of Figure 2 is a KSV four-stroke engine. They are both manufactured by Cooper-Bessemer, a division of Cooper Industries, the assignee of this invention. The two-fuel engines include a plurality of cylinders, and are typically built with 12, 16 or 20 cylinders. The LSVB and KSV engine have been modified with our torch cell assembly 50 (Figures 3 and
4).
Our torch cell (torch cell) is essentially applicable for any type of large piston engine, both for stationary and for mobile design. The large engines provide the best economic effect of our invention with regard to the useful effect.
With reference to Figures 3, 4 and 9, our invention is illustrated by means of a cylinder of a four-stroke engine, which is normally fed with gaseous fuel and which is provided with two torch cell assemblies 50, which are ignited with the aid of a relatively small amount of an auxiliary liquid fuel.
The self-igniting chamber 100 of the torch cell generally has a shape built up from parts of a sphere and a paraboloid, and it is common for the volume to typically represent 1 to 5% of the volume of the main chamber 17 defined by the cylinder 22, the cylinder head
24 and the walls 16 of the cylinder at the upper position of the stroke of the cylinder; for small engines, the size of the self-ignition chamber 100 can be as high as 25% of the volume of the main cylinder chamber 17, with the stroke of the cylinder in its extreme position. Such a torch cell chamber 100 will provide an appropriate supply of thermally and chemically active type to ignite the fuel amount of a lean mixture contained in the main chamber 17. (Combustion using a lean mixture is an effective control mechanism for certain exhaust gases, including in particular oxides of nitrogen from gaseous fuel.)
Reference is now made to Figure 4 which is an enlarged view of the representation of the torch cell assembly 50 shown in Figure 3; the assembly 50 includes a generally tubular injection body 60 with a solid end portion 62 that is annularly separated into separate portions, such as at 64 and 68, to provide an annular shoulder 66 that forms a radial support 67 for purposes which will be hereafter be explained. The free end of the solid portion 62 is provided with a portion of a generally spherical cavity 52, the sub-surface 51 preferably being located in the center of the sphere, i.e. forming a hemispherical cavity, and a preformed cavity specific volume for the specific engine with which it is to be assembled. The cavity 52 is generally symmetrical with respect to the axis of the tubular body 60 and communicates with the interior of the tubular body 60 by means of an angled passage 70 that is drilled twice to a larger diameter such as at 72 and 74, and flows externally into the interior cavity or chamber 61 of the tubular body 60 remote from the cavity 52.
The geometry of the torch cell chamber can be given a shape that includes a dish or bag to control evaporation, mixing and igniting.
An injection member 80 is threaded into the enlarged bore 74, abutting a seal means 82 disposed at the bottom of the enlarged bore 72, and it includes a tap member or outlet nozzle 84 extending into the passageway 70. The injector 80 is somewhat skewed and is below
900242 an angled soot with respect to the coaxial placement of the body 60 and the cavity 52, so that the passage 70 enters the cavity 52 a little differently from the tangential placement, for the purposes explained below.
The injector may be an injector with a plurality of holes as shown in the pending Helmeich patent application entitled LOW EMISSION DUAL FUEL ENGINE AND METHOD OF OPERATING SAME; it may also consist of a nozzle consisting of a single hollow needle or of a nozzle design that is dictated by the nature of the igniting substances other than fuel oil.
A nozzle 90 with a longitudinal undercutting and a slanted head 92 forms a narrow rim-shaped edge 94 for sealing action as will be explained below, and comprises a cavity 93 formed by a part of a paraboloidal surface which at its straight paraboloidal end face 91 is adapted to the cavity 52, which has its end face 95 at its other end. The cavities 52 and 93 are combined to form a chamber 100 consisting essentially of a part of a sphere and a paraboloid.
The outer shape of the body of nozzle 90 extending at the bottom of the head 92 is tapered on two sides to form a frusto-conical portion 96 and a conical end 98. The cavity 93 communicates with the cone 98 through the passage 102, which is positioned substantially tangentially to the surface of the cavity 93 and essentially perpendicular to the descriptive surface of the cone 98.
The passageway 102 is a little upward from the tangential line that falls on the segmented spherical cavity formed in the end of the piston 22 when it is in its upper stroke position.
The nozzle 90 is connected to the free end of a solid portion 62 by means of a weld connection or solder connection 104 which fills the oblique outer edge of its cooperating ends and end faces.
The cylinder head 24 is provided with an angled passage 120, which contains an axially arranged seat 122 present in an enlarged bore in the passage 123, against which the head rim 94 of the nozzle will come into sealing contact, and is provided with a added axially spaced passage 124 for supporting and aligning the tubular body 60. The shoulder means 66 can be press-fit into the passage
123 and is preferably provided with suitable means (not shown) for orienting the passage 102 with respect to the main cylinder chamber 17. Similarly, the tapered portion 96 is supported on the sharp edge defined by the cut line of the passage 120 and the seat 122 of the enlarged bore.
A portion of the surface of the head 24 connected to the passage 120 has a shape that produces a tapered groove 121. The passage 102 of the nozzle is directed in the direction of the tapered groove 121.
The fuel cell 50 is a self-ignition fuel cell, i.e., a fuel cell that includes only a self-ignition chamber 100 and that does not use spark means (i.e., a spark plug) or a corresponding external ignition means that is in direct communication with the chamber 100.
<img file="NL9002425A_D0001.tif" />
Reference is now made to Figs. 5-7 and 9, wherein the cylinder head assembly 128 comprises a cover 129 which, when removed, shows the orientation of the gas inlet or supply valves 26 and of the outlet valves 28 with the torch cell assembly 50 in the placed in between. Hardened rings 130 and 132 are provided in the valve seats 26 and 28.
As best seen in Figure 8, the pistons 22 used in this invention in their upper end surface 23 preferably have a truncated spherical configuration. The piston may consist of a single casting, but may also be in the form of two parts, represented by a steel head 142 attached to the body 140 of the piston. Suitable sealing rings 144 are provided as well as an embodiment of a bearing 146 for the piston pin (not shown). This truncated spherical piston head 142 is the preferred design for engines that work entirely with gas. In Figure 3 this preferred embodiment is shown by means of a dotted line indicated by 23, while the solid line 23a indicates the piston head that is normally used for diesel fuel engines.
The diesel setting is normally applied when starting engines suitable for two fuels, even though the semi-spherical piston heads are not the most efficient variety at the diesel setting, they are acceptable for the function to which they are subjected, namely starting, heating and starting the engine at the diesel fuel setting. Even if the diesel setting is used for starting, warming up and obtaining full power, the liquid fuel torch cell is still in operation, to keep it clean although not necessary, but also to have the torch cell immediately available0002425 when the fuel source is switched to gaseous fuel.
This invention can be applied to both a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine. The diameter of the pistons used with such engines is generally in the order of 14 to 20 inches, the specific stroke not being of primary importance. The torch fuel cell is continuously ignited in operation at the gaseous setting. It is preferable to use a rich fuel mixture, which means a ratio of less than a 10 to 1 air to fuel, which means that a preferred ratio is 8 to 1. A lean mixture would have an air ratio of more than 10 to 1, which means about 12 to 1.
The cetane content of the liquid fuel must be such that it will ignite under a predetermined temperature and pressure. The ignition ratio of the gas is such that it will not ignite under such predetermined pressures, and therefore it is necessary to use the liquid fueled torch cell. The torch cell and its liquid fuel are designed to ignite due to the pressure of the materials being compressed in the upper chamber of the cell. When it is connected by means of the connecting bore 102 between the chamber 100 and the main chamber 17 of the piston, the torch cell receives the hot compressed gases from the compression stroke of the piston 22 and these are fed into the chamber 100 in a swirling movement due to the tangential arrangement of the bore 102, wherein the liquid fuel is introduced at an angle with respect to the flow of the compressed air, and will either ignite due to the heat of the air or will ignite if it comes into contact with the wall of room 100, and will immediately both <sup>12</sup> flow chemically and thermally from the bore 102 and serve to ignite the compressed gaseous fuel in the main chamber 17.
It is important to remember that the torch cell assembly 50 is external and does not form a part of the cylinder chamber, as a result, the torch cell can be used as a part of originally manufactured equipment, as well as available for relatively simple retrofitting for older ones engines for a single fuel, or as an improvement for other engines suitable for two fuels.
The torch cell will also provide for controlled fuel-rich combustion within the torch cell. (Combustion with a rich mixture is also an effective control mechanism for certain exhaust gases, including oxides of nitrogen and including liquid fuels.)
The torch cell will furthermore allow the use of a very small amount of liquid fuel, since the operation of the liquid fuel can now be focused on the simple ignition of the easily ignited controlled mixture of the torch cell.
By applying this invention, the power supply task for igniting the poor mixture in the main ignition chamber has shifted from the direct injection of auxiliary liquid fuel into the combustion chamber to a torch cell for controlled combustion, with energy predominantly provided by gaseous fuel and which can easily be ignited using a small amount of liquid auxiliary fuel.
The cleaning of the torch cell and the supply of gaseous fuel to the torch cell are effected by pressure changes within the cylinder of the engine during the expansion and compression strokes, but cleaning aids can be provided by controlled or uncontrolled operation of the valves and / or gates using common or separate sources of air and fuel related to the torch cell, which, however, are not shown in the drawings.
Ignition of the torch cell is normally effected by the injection of a quantity of fuel (ignition substance) with sufficient power for self-ignition (cetane number) to effect the start of the combustion after introduction into the air / fuel mixture of the torch cell, which has been raised to a certain temperature by the compression of a cylinder. Inflammation can also be triggered by contact of the inflammatory substance with the hot surface of the torch cell. It is also possible to use any of different types of external heating means.
Fuel oil with an acceptable cetane number is normally available for the ignition substance at an effective cost level, but other liquids or gases can be selected on the basis of their ignition capability, exhaust gas control characteristics and their economic performance. The small amount of inflammatory substance required by the torch cell can make the use of substances other than the now conventional combustion oil useful in practice.
An important further application of the invention is the possibility of being able to use lower compression ratios of the engine, in order to be suitable for sensitive fuel (with a low octane number). The source of ignition
<img file="NL9002425A_D0002.tif" />
(the torch cell) can be made more or less dependent on the heat generated by the compression and can therefore be adjusted to function for special applications. The possibilities for the removal of heat and the use of heating sources that are externally supplied with energy provide a great deal of flexibility.
The complete operation as a diesel engine is maintained with this invention by applying the conventional injection equipment 40 installed in the cylinder head 24, and can be provided with cooling, as is well known, to keep functional operation possible when operating as a reserve -institution. Switching to and from a full diesel setting operation during operation may include standard procedures that are generally available.
Other changes and mechanical equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art reading this disclosure in conjunction with the appended claims, and it is intended that the claims be read as broadly as is permitted from the prior art.
0 0 2 42 5
60.77.1394
Cooper Industries, Inc., Houston, Texas, United States of America
Contents4
9 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9
37 members in 10 offices
Priority claims4
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 43402389 | United States of America | A | |
| 43402389 | United States of America | A | |
| 434023 | – | – | – |
| US19890434023 | – | – | – |
Members37
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US4966103A | United States of America | A | |
| FI905494A0 | Finland | A0 | |
| IT9021997A0 | Italy | A0 | |
| CA2027875A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| DE4033843A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| DE4042324A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| DE4042325A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| FR2655089A1 | France | A1 | |
| NL9002425AThis record | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | A | |
| JPH03168320A | Japan | A | |
| ES2026780A6 | Spain | A6 | |
| IT9021997A1 | Italy | A1 | |
| US5117801A | United States of America | A | |
| FR2675848A1 | France | A1 | |
| CH681647A5 | Switzerland | A5 | |
| DE4042324C2 | Germany | C2 | |
| IT1243905B | Italy | B | |
| USRE34807E | United States of America | E | |
| FR2655089B1 | France | B1 | |
| FR2675848B1 | France | B1 | |
| DE4033843C2 | Germany | C2 | |
| JP2511180B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| DE9018149U1 | Germany | U1 | |
| CA2027875C | Canada | C | |
| FI990635A | Finland | A | |
| FI990635A0 | Finland | A0 | |
| FI990635L | Finland | L | |
| FI990636A | Finland | A | |
| FI990636A0 | Finland | A0 | |
| FI990636L | Finland | L | |
| DE4042324C3 | Germany | C3 | |
| FI107071B | Finland | B | |
| DE4042325C2 | Germany | C2 | |
| FI108069B | Finland | B | |
| FI108312B | Finland | B | |
| NL194620B | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | B | |
| NL194620C | Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | C |
5 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual feeLapsedV1 | V1 | |
| Assignments of patents or rights arising from examined patent applicationsSNR | SNR | |
| A request for examination has been filedBC | BC | |
| A search report has been drawn upBB | BB | |
| A request for search or an international-type search has been filedBA | BA |
Numbers
- Publication, DOCDB
- 9002425
- Publication, EPODOC
- NL9002425
- Application
- 9002425
- Application, DOCDB
- 9002425
- Application, EPODOC
- NL19900002425
Titles2
- Dutch
- VERBETERD VERBRANDINGSSYSTEEM VOOR EEN MOTOR GESCHIKT VOOR TWEE BRANDSTOFFEN.
- English
- IMPROVED COMBUSTION SYSTEM FOR A ENGINE SUITABLE FOR TWO FUELS.
Classification
- CPC, 16
- F02B69/02
- F02B3/06
- F02B7/06
- F02B19/14
- F02B23/0663
- F02B23/0675
- F02B23/0687
- F02B23/0696
- F02B75/22
- F02B2201/06
- F02B2201/064
- F02B2275/14
- F02F1/4214
- F02F2001/247
- F02F2200/06
- Y02T10/12
- IPC, 17
- F02B3 06
- F02B1 02
- F02B7 06
- F02B19 08
- F02B19 10
- F02B19 14
- F02B19 16
- F02B23 06
- F02B69 02
- F02B75 22
- F02D19 06
- F02D19 08
- F02F1 24
- F02F1 42
- F02M25 00
- F02M43 00
- F02M61 14