Hierarchical and distributed power grid control.
Abstract
A control node allows a distributed grid control. The control node monitors the power generation and energy demand at a common coupling point (PCC) between a grid of network power and all devices downstream of the PCC. The control node may have one or more consumption nodes, which may be or include the customer's facilities, and one or more downstream connected energy sources. The control node monitors and controls the interface through the PCC from the same side of the PCC as power generation and energy demand. The control may include setting the interface between the control node and the central address through the PCC grid to maintain compliance with the network regulations in the PCC.

Term
8.8 yearsleft in the term
Expires 6 July 2035.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
20 claims: 3 independent, 17 dependent
- 1REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un método para controlar una red de distribución de energía eléctrica, que comprende:supervisar la generación de potencia de un dispositivo de generación de 5 potencia local y la demanda de potencia de cargas locales en un punto de acoplamiento común (PCC) con una red de distribución de energía eléctrica de una empresa de servicio público tal como se ve en el PCC cuando se mira desde un lado del consumidor del PCC, en donde la supervisión se lleva a cabo por medio de un nodo de control del lado del consumidor del PCC eléctricamente a 10 través del PCC desde la administración central de la red, siendo el lado del consumidor un mismo lado del PCC que la generación de potencia y que la demanda de potencia·, y ajustar una operación de un convertidor de potencia en el lado del consumidor que controla un flujo de potencia entre el PCC y el dispositivo de 15 generación de potencia loca! y las cargas locales en respuesta a la supervisión por el nodo de control y una señal de control desde el nodo de control, para cambiar una relación de potencia activa y reactiva del flujo de potencia en el PCC tal como se ve desde el lado del consumidor del PCC y cambiar una característica eléctrica tai como se ve en el PCC desde un lado de la red del PCC para mantener el 20 cumplimiento con las normas de la red tal como se ve en el PCC desde el lado de la red.
- 2El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el PCC comprende una conexión de una instalación de cliente a la red 25 eléctricamente corriente abajo desde un medidor de red.
- 3Ei método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el PCC comprende una conexión a la red de una colonia que tiene varias instalaciones de cliente. 108
- 4El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el PCC comprende un transformador de la red.
- 5El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el PCC incluye por lo menos un PCC adicional corriente abajo desde la administración central de la red.
- 6El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque supervisar la generación de energía comprende supervisar la potencia generada por una fuente de energía renovable en una instalación de cliente.
- 7El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque ajustar la interfaz comprende ajustar un desfase de potencia reactiva en el PCC con un convertidor de potencia del nodo de control.
- 8El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque ajustar el desfase de la potencia reactiva comprende cambiar una cantidad de salida de potencia reactiva a través del PCC con la red desde los recursos de generación de potencia en el lado del consumidor del PCC,
- 9El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque ajustar la interfaz comprende ajustar una cantidad de salida de potencia activa a través del PCC con la red desde los recursos de generación de potencia en el lado del consumidor del PCC.
- 10El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque ajustar la operación en el lado del consumidor del PCC comprende además ajustar la operación en respuesta a información de la central recibida desde la administración de la red, 109
- 11Un equipo para controlar una red de distribución de energía eléctrica, que comprende:un conector de red para conectarse a la red de distribución de energía eléctrica en un punto de acoplamiento común (PCC) para un nodo de consumidor;5 un controlador para supervisar la generación de potencia de un dispositivo de generación de energía local y la demanda de potencia de cargas locales en el PCC tal como se ve desde un lado del consumidor del PCC que está en un mismo lado del PCC que el nodo de consumidor y electrónicamente a través del PCC desde la administración central de la red de la red de distribución de energía 10 eléctrica, siendo el lado del consumidor un mismo lado del PCC que la generación de potencia y la demanda de potencia;y un convertidor de potencia en el lado del consumidor para controlar un flujo de potencia entre el PCC y el dispositivo de generación de energía local y las cargas locales, incluyendo para cambiar una relación de potencia activa y reactiva 15 del flujo de potencia en el PCC tal como se ve desde el lado del consumidor del PCC y cambiar una característica eléctrica tal como se ve en el PCC desde un lado de la red del PCC a fin de mantener el cumplimiento con las normas de la red tal como se ve en el PCC desde el lado de la red. 20
- 12El equipo de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el PCC comprende un punto de conexión que incluye una conexión a la red de una instalación de cliente a la red, una conexión a la red de una subsección de la red que contiene varias instalaciones de cliente, una conexión de una colonia a la red, o un transformador de la infraestructura de la red.
- 13El equipo de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el controlador supervisa la generación de potencia, incluida la supervisión de la potencia generada por una fuente de energía renovable en el nodo del consumidor. 110
- 14El equipo de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el convertidor de potencia ajusta la interfaz, incluido el ajuste de un componente de potencia reactiva de la potencia según se ve desde la red de distribución de energía eléctrica en el PCC.
- 15El equipo de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el convertidor de potencia ajusta la interfaz, incluido el ajuste de un componente de potencia activa de la potencia según se ve desde la red de distribución de energía eléctrica en el PCC.
- 16Un dispositivo de medición de potencia, que comprende:un conector de red para conectarse a la red de distribución de energía eléctrica en un punto de acoplamiento común (PCC) para un nodo de consumidor;un controlador para supervisar la generación de potencia de un dispositivo 15 de generación de energía local y la demanda de potencia de cargas locales en el PCC tal como se ve desde un lado del consumidor del PCC que está en un mismo lado del PCC que el nodo de consumidor y electrónicamente a través del PCC desde la administración central de la red de la red de distribución de energía eléctrica, siendo el lado del consumidor un mismo lado del PCC que la generación 20 de potencia y la demanda de potencia;y E/S (entradas/salidas) para conectarse a un convertidor de potencia, el controlador para enviar una o más señales a través de las E/S al convertidor de potencia para hacer que el convertidor de potencia en el lado del consumidor controle un flujo de potencia entre el PCC y el dispositivo de generación de 25 energía local y las cargas locales, incluyendo para cambia una relación de potencia activa y reactiva del flujo de potencia en el PCC tal como se ve desde el lado del consumidor del PCC y cambiar una característica eléctrica tal como se ve en el PCC desde un lado de la red del PCC a fin de mantener el cumplimiento con las normas de la red tal como se ve en el PCC desde el lado de la red. 111
- 17El dispositivo de medición de potencia de conformidad con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque el PCC comprende un punto de conexión que incluye una conexión a la red de una instalación de cliente a la red, una conexión a la red de una subsección de la red que contiene varias instalaciones de cliente, una conexión de una colonia a la red, o un transformador de la infraestructura de la red.
- 18El dispositivo de medición de potencia de conformidad con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque el controlador supervisa la generación de potencia, incluida la supervisión de la potencia generada por una fuente de energía renovable en el nodo del consumidor.
- 19El dispositivo de medición de potencia de conformidad con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque el controlador envía una señal a través de las E/S para hacer que el convertidor de potencia ajuste la interfaz, incluido el ajuste de un componente de potencia reactiva de la potencia según se ve desde la red de distribución de energía eléctrica en el PCC.
- 20El dispositivo de medición de potencia de conformidad con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque el controlador envía una señal a través de las E/S para hacer que el convertidor de potencia ajuste la interfaz, incluido el ajuste de un componente de potencia activa de la potencia según se ve desde la red de distribución de energía eléctrica en el PCC.
Independent claims20
282 paragraphs in 7 sections, as filed
SUB-DIRECTOR OF DIVISIONAL PATENT FUND EXAM EXAMINATION
MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS AND UTILITY MODELS
PEDRO DAVID FRAGOSO LÓPEZ
Original string:
PEDRO DAVID FRAGOSO LCPEZ | 00001000000405457619 | Administration Service
Tax | 1052 || MX / 2019/67364 | MX / a / 2017/000207 | PCT patent title | 1223 | GAGV | Page (s) | hws14fACGtS0k8Od7DsJ36sEBM =
Digital stamp:
MEGyR5QD3m4m2CCWk8ULpQf / SCE3mXAXy + mxoZMTDkhsx / Z5TAUDLSFIItkD4KsqZYMZdRBiKPp1hskHzCpfc88OWo
G3s¡dia2qtWQfdHXI2OcwJvSJ549 / p90cqyweCceTTq + IAFmrxLfwWavOgxygctmshES9NzcNNIY6qkUboTnrF2w / n
US2o1SR2hmkX1qo0jmJlbXsPQqLqaGVDApfNSkQ + Fe + MXAOeftP01gLx7ZWm0ASPRCnW6obwjZI0dOSLDxGDsfL05S
HYWbl DEeVvhNrdf5PLnx + RZGmK8fnatjqF2bposmuor2mU0oQf2UWSACncf5dC02z4UgwMMA ==
<img file="MX367249B_D0001.tif" />
HIERARCHICAL AND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL FOR AN ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
FIELD
The embodiments of the invention are generally related to an electric power distribution network and, in particular, to a hierarchical and distributed control in an electric power distribution network.
NOTICE / PERMIT OF COPYRIGHT
Parts of the disclosure of this patent document may include material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection that anyone reproduces the patent document or the disclosure of the patent as it appears in the patent file or registration at the Patent and Trademark Office, but reserves all other coughs. Copyright. The copyright notice applies to all information described below and included in the diagrams that accompany this, and all software described below: Copyright © 2015, Apparent Inc., all rights reserved.
BACKGROUND
Traditional electricity distribution networks include a centralized power source (such as a coal thermoelectric power plant, a nuclear power plant, a hydroelectric power plant, a wind power plant or others) and centralized administration. The "network" can also be connected to other power sources so that it can be shared along the network infrastructure from the different power sources at a macro level. Traditionally, however, the network includes a considerable amount of infrastructure, such as transportation lines for public service companies, including the corresponding poles and towers, and, in addition, substations for power distribution. Traditionally, the network is based on an immense generator that can supply enough power to meet the peak demand of connected consumers. A consumer can be a home, a business, a cell phone tower or other service box, or another power user. Different consumers may have different peak demands, from the smallest power consumer to large companies that have high power demands for heavy industrial equipment.
The construction and maintenance of traditional network infrastructure are expensive. In addition, it is required to bring the energy from the central power source to consumers, which can be hundreds of kilometers away. Substations and other infrastructure, such as the transformers of the colonies, are controlled from the centralized administration to maintain in phase the tensions and the current that are supplied through the network, and to maintain the voltage levels at regulated levels. Usually, motorized equipment that uses network power will cause the network power factor to degrade. On a macro scale, the network administration has tried to control the alterations of the power factor in the network caused by these motorized equipment. The new designs of switching power supplies of modern electronic devices complicate the regulation of the power factor and the voltage of the network as they require reactive power and introduce noise into the network.
The power supplied through the network generally includes an active power component and a reactive power component. Active power is the power supplied when the voltage waveform and the current waveform are perfectly in phase. Reactive power is the power supplied when the voltage waveform and the current waveform are outdated. The reactive power can be advanced or delayed depending on the difference between the phase of the current waveform and the phase of the voltage waveform.
The power, from the point of view of the consumer, can be interpreted differently to calculate the power of the energy supplied itself.
Generally, the power is represented as W per h, or watts per hour. If the watts per hour are multiplied by the rate charged by the public service company, the amount of money that the consumer must pay the public service company is obtained. However, energy can be represented in different ways, and can be measured in many different ways. Some examples are: (VA) V by I (voltage vector multiplied by the current vector to obtain voltage by amps), V by I by fdp (voltage vector multiplied by the current vector multiplied by the power factor to obtain watts) and the square root of W<sup>TO</sup>two (square root of the square of the watts to obtain reactive voltamperios). The consumer generally sees the power in watts per hour, which provides the cost of the energy supplied to the facilities. Public service companies have also started measuring and charging reactive power consumption at user facilities.
There has been a significant increase in the number of network consumers who have added renewable energy sources locally, in the consumer's location, to generate energy. Renewable energy sources are generally from solar and / or wind energy, and a significant number of solar energy systems are being added. A limitation of the power sources of teeth is that they usually produce power at the same time and can generate more power than can be used in the network. Traditionally, the network infrastructure is a one-way system, and the active power that is sent from the teeth facilities to the central administration and to the central power source can cause problems with the control of the voltage of the network and with the instability of the reactive power of the network. These problems have caused the network operators to limit the amount of renewable energy that can be connected to the network. In some cases, additional equipment or network infrastructure is required at or near the tooth location to control the flow of energy that is returned to the network.
In addition to the problems caused by renewable energy sources, the increase in the use of air conditioning units and other loads that consume a lot of reactive power causes the network administration to work harder to maintain voltage levels at levels required Recent heat waves have resulted in successive decreases in voltage and interruptions in the power supply. On other occasions, there are temporary interruptions in the network when equipment interfaces are reset to respond to changes in loads when people return to their homes from work and consume more energy there. Traditionally, the central administration must maintain compliance with the network standards (such as voltage levels). Whenever an element connected to the network experiences an overvoltage, it disconnects from the network, which can cause an additional load on the surrounding areas, which causes areas of greater extension to be missing before the central administration can restore network stability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The following description deals with the figures that include exemplary illustrations of the implementations of the embodiments of the invention. Diagrams should be interpreted as examples and not as limiting. As used herein, references made to one or more "embodiments" should be interpreted as descriptions of a particular function, structure and / or feature included in at least one implementation of the invention. Therefore, phrases such as: "in one embodiment" or "in an alternative embodiment" that appear herein, describe various embodiments and implementations of the invention and do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. However, they are not necessarily mutually exclusive.
Figure 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system with stepped network control.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system with supervision and control at a common coupling point within a colony.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system with supervision and control at a common collection point between colonies,
Figure 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a distributed network system.
Figure 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that includes a tooth installation with a power source controlled by a converter by means of the supervision performed by a meter.
Figure 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that includes a converter that controls an installation of the tooth by means of the monitoring performed by a meter.
Figure 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that includes a meter that monitors the different energy signals describing complex current vectors,
Figure 8 is a graphic representation of an embodiment of the components of a current in a system in which the harmonic components of the current have angular displacements with respect to a main current component.
Figure 0 is a graphic representation of an embodiment of components of a current in a system in which a current vector is a combination of a main current component and harmonic current components.
Figure 10 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a measuring device that monitors power at a common coupling point (PCC).
Figure 11 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process for monitoring different energy signals describing complex current vectors.
Figure 12 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process for supplying the power requirements at a common coupling point depending on the monitored energy signals at the common coupling point.
Figure 13 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process for adjusting the active / reactive power consumption at a common coupling point.
Figure 14 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process to offer dynamic support to the network, which may include support for network saturation.
Figure 15 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that controls harmonic distortion by means of a software control subsystem of the feedback signal, connected to a hardware controller of the waveform.
Figure 16 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that transfers the power from a crazy source! to a load connected to the network with power factor conditioning.
Figure 17 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a node for a distributed electricity distribution network.
Figure 18 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process to provide distributed network control.
Below are descriptions of certain details and implementations, including a description of the figures, which may represent some or all of the embodiments described below, and may also discuss other possible embodiments or implementations of the inventive concepts included in the Present.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
As described herein, a control node allows distributed control of a network. Several independent control nodes can be distributed throughout the network. Control nodes can be organized hierarchically if multiple control nodes are connected to a common control node for different control nodes. Each control node manages a common coupling point (PCC) with the network. A PCC is an interconnection point where several loads and / or local power sources that are downstream are connected to the network. For the purposes of the present, each control node is connected to various loads and / or energy sources and, therefore, is related to a PCC. Because each control node manages its interface or interconnection with the network independently of any other control node, the intelligence of the network control can be distributed throughout the network.
In one embodiment, each control node operates independently of other control nodes, and monitors and manages the power generation and power demand in its PCC between an electric power distribution network of a public service company and all the devices connected downstream of the PCC or the control node. Devices connected downstream can include energy sources, such as solar and / or wind generators, loads, such as reactive and / or active power consumers (eg consumer nodes) and other PCCs or other control nodes. In one embodiment, each control node manages its interface or interconnection with the network to maintain compliance with the network rules. In one embodiment, the control node can have any number of consumer nodes and any amount of energy sources connected downstream. A consumer node can be the installation of a tooth. In one location, the installation of a tooth can include several consumer nodes. In one embodiment, a consumer node may include several client installations. In one embodiment, a control node manages several client installations. Each control node can monitor the power generation and power demand connected downstream and ensure that the network demand is within the accepted levels. The control node can provide network control by adjusting the interface between the control node and the central administration of the network through the PCC in order to maintain compliance with the network rules in the PCC.
In one embodiment, the control node adjusts the active power consumption comment below. In one embodiment, the control node adjusts the reactive power consumption downstream. In one embodiment, the control node adjusts the generation of reactive power downstream. In one embodiment, the control node adjusts the generation of active power downstream. In one embodiment, the control node controls the energy in the PCC to manage the amount and types of power that can be detected in the PCC from the network perspective (i.e., from the network side or watching from the central administration from the network or from the network infrastructure watching downstream through the PCC).
Figure 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system with stepped network control. System 100 represents an electric power distribution network with step control. In one embodiment, the system 100 includes a power plant 110 and a transport network 120, although in one embodiment, the step network can be implemented without connecting to a central network administration and a network power station. System 100 represents a network system in which power consumers are connected to each other and to the power sources.
The power plant 110 represents a large-scale power plant that supplies the transport network 120. Traditionally, the power plant 110 is a hydroelectric power station, a thermonuclear power plant, a coal thermoelectric power station or a large wind farm. Recently, large-scale wind farms have also been added. The transport network 120 includes towers, lines, transformers, substations and other infrastructure to interconnect consumers to the power plant 110. The transport network 120 includes the network infrastructure with high voltage transport lines that transfer power to the Over many kilometers. In practice, several power sources or power plants can be connected to the same transport network 120, but all are large-scale and are generally designed to generate the greatest amount of power and serve as many customers as possible. possible. Traditionally, the transport network 120 is designed to make the distribution of energy in one direction, from the power plant 110 to the consumers. A reference to “the network” or “the network of a public service company” may refer to the center! electricity 110 and the transport network infrastructure 120.
In one embodiment, the network can be considered as a grid that can be hierarchically divided into several different segments of the network. Each segment of the network can be controlled by means of a different control node. In one embodiment, the system 100 includes the control nodes 130, 140 and 150. Each control node can administer a PCC, or a common collection point, at which several charges and / or several subsegments of the network join. PCCs can connect each segment and subsegment between them and / or the network.
It will be understood that a CCP can be both an electrical equivalence point and, or instead of, a geographical connection. At the top of the illustrated hierarchy is the PCC [0], which directly connects all subsegments and downstream sections to each other. The PCC [0] can also connect all points downstream to the transport network 120. A reference to "downstream" refers to the devices or elements that are further along the distribution path. Thus, a home or a customer facility may be at a point in the network distribution path, and a customer facility later in the distribution path is downstream. It will be understood that other segments of the network with additional structures can be connected downstream from the PCC [0] because they are further away from the power plant 110 and, therefore, further along the distribution path, as seen from the administration central network.
The system 100 may be referred to as an electrical network, which may or may not include the transport network 120 and the power plant 110. The electrical network may be hierarchical since each PCC may add several lower levels of PCC. Each PCC offers a connection point for all downstream devices. The PCC [0] is at the top of the hierarchy of system 100. In one embodiment, several additional devices that are not shown can be connected to the PCC [0]. Such devices not shown would be connected in parallel with node 130 to the PCC [0]. It will be understood that the lowest maximum level of the power grid hierarchy is a control node in tooth facilities, such as node 162 in tooth facilities 160, with the PCC [3]. In one embodiment, there are one or more control nodes in a client facility. In one embodiment, there are client installations without any control node in system 100.
In the system 100, two client installations are illustrated, the client installation 160 and the client installation 180. Reference can also be made to client installations such as consumers or consumer nodes. In one embodiment, customer facilities may include homes, businesses, parks, charges, thermostats, pumps, vehicle charging stations and / or other power consumers. Each client installation includes one or more charges or devices that depend on the electrical power to operate. In one embodiment, the tooth installations 160 include a single control node, 162. In one embodiment, the client installations 180 include several control nodes, 182 and 184. There may be none or more control nodes in the client installations. . There can be many control nodes in a single customer installation, depending on the design of the power grid and the number of loads and power sources in the customer installation. Other client installations may be included in system 100. None or more of the client installations may include power generation, which is described in more detail below with respect to other diagrams.
In one embodiment, each PCC is related to a control node. The control node related to the PCC manages or controls the electrical operation in that control node. For example, in one embodiment, in system 100, control node 130 is related to PCC [1] and manages the load demand and power generation connected downstream from PCC [1], as seen in the PCC [1] from the network side. A reference to “view from the network side” or “look from the network side” refers to the net demand for power (be it required power or generated power) that exists at that point. View from the network side ”can also refer to the offset or the net reactive power that exists at that point by looking downstream from that point. CCPs are points of aggregation for generation and demand. A demand for net power can be a difference between the active and reactive power required, depending on the demand of the load, and between the active and reactive power generated within the same segment or area of the CCP. You can refer to “within the same segment” as “within” the PCC, which means within a downstream network connected to the PCC.
In one embodiment, each control node can independently control its own PCC. Thus, the control node 130 controls the PCC [1], the control node 150 controls the PCC [2], the control node 140 controls the PCC [4] and the control node 162 controls the PCC [3]. In one embodiment, independent control refers to the fact that each control node monitors and controls the operation in its PCC to keep the PCC as close to compliance with the network rules as possible. It may not always be possible for each control node to reach full compliance. In one embodiment, the control nodes operate based on the outputs of the adjacent control nodes, that is, the demand that is detected by facing the adjacent control node from the current control node. However, controlling the operation by observing the operation of another control node does not imply that the operation of each control node depends on the operation of another control node. On the contrary, in one embodiment, each control node seeks to ensure that the node as a whole (everything that is connected "below", or downstream from it) complies with all standards, regardless of the operation of others. . Observing the performance or operation of adjoining control nodes or adjoining PCCs may be a consideration in determining how to operate and whether support should be offered to the network comment above. In one embodiment, each control node is capable of receiving and responding to data inputs from a central information center and / or the central network administration, but can operate with or without said data inputs. Thus, each control node operates independently to control the operation of the net power as seen at its connection point.
In one embodiment, each control node includes a converter or an inverting device and a measuring device. In one embodiment, the converter is referred to as a power conversion device or simply as a conversion device. A reference to a converter can include one or more converters that can work together to control operation and / or an interface in a PCC. In one embodiment, the control node and the converter are separate devices. Therefore, the converter 132 may be part of the control node 130, or it may simply be connected to it in the PCC [1]. Similarly, converter 142 is related to control node 140, converter 152 is related to control node 150, converter 164 is related to control node 162, converter 192 is related to control node 182 and converter 194 is related to control node 184. Other network configurations are possible. It will be understood that the entire system 100 is not illustrated.
As mentioned, each client installation can be or can include a load. Client installation 160 includes one or more loads 172. Each load 172 consumes power. Loads 172 can generate a power demand that has an active power component for demand and a reactive power component for demand. Traditionally, reactive power has been supplied by the network, with the exception of heavy equipment (for example, capacitor banks and / or induction motors) in place at the customer's premises. The loads 172 can be any type of load, for example: lighting systems; computer equipment; entertainment devices; engines; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment; household appliances and appliances; or any other type of device that requires electricity to operate. Such devices may include rechargeable devices that are charged when connected to an outlet. Many of these devices generate a reactive demand. That demand for reactive power will be seen in the PCC for charging and can be seen upstream in other PCCs, to monkeys that the demand is met. In one embodiment, node 162 and converter 164 can provide reactive power for loads 172.
It will be understood that there are loads (which are not specifically shown) within the client installations 180. In one embodiment, the converter 164 is connected to the PCC [3] where the loads 172 are connected. In one embodiment, converter 192 and converter 194 may be connected between the loads and the PCC (PCC [2]). The converter 164 is connected to the PCC [3] and its operation can be configured to maintain certain performance parameters in the PCC [3]. In one embodiment, in practice, the converter 164 is connected between the PCC [3] and a meter of the control node 162. These performance parameters may be related to the active and reactive power control in the PCC. In one embodiment, when a converter is connected between the loads and the PCC, the converter is configured to keep the load or the loads specifically connected to it.
In one embodiment, each control node includes a measuring device or an energy meter that is integrated into, related to or is part of the control node. More details on the embodiments of a measuring device are provided below. The measuring device measures the energy used in the PCC and can determine a demand for net power or downstream power generation. In one embodiment, the measuring device allows monitoring of the operation of the power grid in the PCC. In one embodiment, the measuring device can measure the energy signals.
<img file="MX367249B_D0002.tif" />
Each converter can control the use of energy in the PCC. In one embodiment, the converter controls the use of active and / or reactive power in the PCC.
In one embodiment, the system hierarchy 100 may include one or more control nodes in a client facility, one or more control nodes within a colony, one or more control nodes in a substation, or another hierarchy. . Each control node in the hierarchy independently controls the operation below it and sends a report upstream. Thus, each control node can independently manage network compliance. If a segment of the electricity network has a fault, a node of higher level of the hierarchy or that is upstream may try to adjust the operation to prevent the fault from being seen or appearing outside the subnet under its PCC. Thus, a distributed network can recover faster and more efficiently from failures and can reduce the risk of other network segments presenting the failure. For example, each distributed control node of the power grid can dynamically adjust the reactive and active power consumption so that the connection in your PCC is maintained in compliance with the network connection rules.
In one embodiment, each distributed control node of the system 100 can control how the network or the electrical network views the network segment through the corresponding PCC. Thus, the control node 130 can control how the network sees all downstream from the PCC [1], the control node 150 can control how the network or the electrical network sees all downstream from the PCC [3], and thus successively. The ability to control how the network views a segment of the network through a PCC may allow for more adaptive behavior within a segment of the power grid. For example, considering that current regulations require that certain investors be disconnected for the violation of certain conditions (overvoltage, overheating, operation on the island and / or other condition (s)), controlling the connection of the PCC to the network allows the network view the segment only through the PCC. Thus, each control node can control its connection to the power grid in the PCC, which can allow investors to stay online for a longer time to try to reset. Each inverter downstream from the PCC, in theory, could temporarily violate the step requirements and / or the surge requirements for some time, if together, the devices connected to the PCC do not comply. In one embodiment, if the control node and the converter in the PCC can cause support from other converters, or a change in the behavior of those converters can alter the net condition in the PCC, similarly, each investor could Temporarily violate network conditions while the control mode keeps the PCC in compliance by changing the operation of other devices within the PCC.
In one embodiment, the distributed control or an electrical network or network includes the upstream transfer of the common coupling point in the event of an alteration in the network. Consider a problem in the PCC [2] that would generally cause a network failure at that point. In one embodiment, the control nodes 150 and 130 can detect the condition. The control node 150 may attempt to change the network condition in the PCC [2] by operating the converter 152, for example, by changing the control of the reactive power. The control node 150 can also notify the control node 130 of the condition. In one embodiment, control node 130 responds to the condition by sending a signal to control node 140 to change its operation (for example, through converter 142) in order to balance the net condition seen in the PCC [one]. The control node 130 can also change the operation of the converter 132 in response to the condition. Based on the operation of the control nodes, while the PCC [2] may present a fault condition for a period longer than the one allowed by the standard, the condition in the PCC [1j may comply with the standards and regulations Thus, the PCC [2] and its teams can remain online to try to correct the problem.
Thus, the distribution of the control nodes and the distribution of the control operations through those nodes can move the compliance point as high up, to the generator and / or the transport network, as possible to minimize the effects of a local alteration. Thus, in one embodiment, each point in a hierarchy of an electrical network 100 is an independent control point for compliance. In one embodiment, system 100 offers redundant compliance distributed up and down the hierarchy. In one embodiment, each control node attempts to function in a manner that meets the standards. Such operation, in general, can ensure that each segment and subsegment of the network works in a manner that meets the standards, but if there is a failure at some level, the network will not be disconnected if a higher level can do the correction. For example, if the control node 130 can adjust the operation in response to a failure in the PCC [2], then the control node 150 and all the elements downstream of it can remain in line to try to correct the error condition . With this operation, a segment of the network will not be disconnected unless, and until, there is a last point of control and compliance that cannot compensate for the condition.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system with supervision and control at a common coupling point within a colony. The system 200 includes an electrical network, and may be an example of an electrical network and / or a system according to an embodiment of the system 100 of Figure 1. The network 210 represents the network infrastructure, which may include a central generator or a power station and central control of the network (not specifically shown).
Colony 230 represents a segment or subsegment of the electricity grid. Colony 230 is connected to network 210 through PCC 220. PCC 220 has the corresponding control node 222. The control node 222 may be a control node in accordance with any embodiment described herein, and may include processing logic to control network performance in PCC 220. In one embodiment, control node 222 includes a converter to control the operation of the PCC. In one embodiment, the colony is a level within a distributed control hierarchy for system 200. Other levels of the hierarchy are not shown specifically. However, PCC 220 can be connected to network 210 through another PCC with distributed control nodes.
In one embodiment, colony 230 may be any segment and subsegment of the network. Colony 230 generally represents a set or group of network client installations. The group can be any arbitrary grouping controlled by a control node. In one embodiment, the grouping may be, for example, all customer installations powered by a transformer, a substation or any other grouping. In one embodiment, the colony can be a large customer installation, with several buildings and / or loads and power generation that is connected to the network 210 through a common point (PCC 220). In this context, there may be clusters within a single tooth installation. In one embodiment, all the elements connected to a control meter or downstream from the same control meter and / or control node can be independently controlled by other devices (loads) connected to a different control meter. Control meters can control the network connection of all connected loads.
Consider the tooth installations 240. In one embodiment, the tooth installations 240 include the meter 242, the converter 244, the charges 246 and the power source 248. The charges 246 may include any type and number of charges. The converter 244 can be a converter according to any embodiment described herein. The power source 248 can include any type of local power source. Solar and wind generation are common local power sources. These sources are generally referred to as “energy sources because they generate energy that can be used locally and / or returned to the network. However, traditional systems regulate the output of the sources, in terms of power, or voltage by the current (P = VI). This type of traditional operation does not consider that energy can be used more flexibly if it is not fixed at a specific current and / or voltage. Energy regulation necessarily results in wasted energy.
In contrast to traditional methods, converter 244 can convert the energy generated by source 248 to any type of power required by sources 246, be it active, reactive or a mixture. In addition, converter 244 can return power to network 210 through PCC 220 as active and / or reactive power. Thus, it is more correct to refer to source 248 as a source of "energy" in the context of system 200, since it transfers energy without regulating the output to specific voltages or currents. More details of this converter are given below.
Just as energy is limiting in the sense of generation, the measurement of power can be limiting in the sense of monitoring and measuring the operation of customer installations 240. There are different ways of measuring energy. In general, it will be assumed that it is possible to measure energy accurately without going into detail about the ways of performing energy measurement. Thus, the meter 242 can perform the energy measurement. In one embodiment, meter 242 is a control meter that measures energy instead of watts per hour (Wh). In one embodiment, the operation of the meter 242 can be used to control the energy consumption and energy transfer in the system 200. In one embodiment, the meter 242 can track the energy signals of the charges 246 to determine How to control a common coupling point. Although it is not specifically shown or labeled as such, it will be understood that the combination of the meter 242 and the converter 244 can offer a control node in the customer installations 240. Therefore, the connection point of the loads 246 to the converter 244 and meter 246 can be a PCC. The PCC of the client installations 240 includes the generation of power through the power source 248, in addition to the power consumption or the power demand of the loads 246.
In one embodiment, colony 230 includes an additional customer installation 250 which, in turn, includes meter 252, converter 254, loads 256 and power source 258. There is no requirement that the quantity and type of charges 256 and / or energy source 258 are the same as charges 246 or that of energy source 248. Instead, each tooth installation can have any number of charges and / or power generation. In one embodiment, colony 230 may have any number of customer installations with energy sources. In one embodiment, colony 230 may include one or more customer installations that do not have energy sources. In one embodiment, a client installation without a power source may even have a control node installed, such as a meter and a power converter, according to the additional details offered below.
Meters within colony 230 (for example, meter 242 and meter 252, and others) can communicate with each other to share measurement and / or control information. In one embodiment, said sharing of information between meters or between control nodes may allow the meters and / or control nodes to control how the common coupling point (PCC) of the colony (PCC 220) moves on the network or how it is carried out, through different PCC, the control in the network or electrical network as a whole. Any means can be used to communicate between the measurement nodes. The ability to share information with one another and / or with a central information center may allow the operation of the network or the electrical network to be adapted according to what is happening on the network. Thus, in one embodiment, the system 200 allows distributed monitoring and sharing of the data in real time. Other devices that receive the data may offer reactive power compensation to provide voltage support and / or change the operation of the active power under their control in order to change the net operation in the PCC.
As mentioned earlier, in one embodiment, one or more client installations connected to a PCC include a power source,
<img file="MX367249B_D0003.tif" />
Like a solar system As illustrated, the tooth installation 240 and the client installation 250 include the corresponding energy sources 248 and 258. Each client installation within the colony 230 that includes a power source may include the corresponding power converter 246 and 256 to control the distribution of energy from the source. In one embodiment, each converter allows customer installations to provide active and / or reactive power from the power source to local loads (such as 246 and 256). In one embodiment, each converter can supply active and / or reactive power from the power source to the network (for example, to network 210 through PCC 220 in which colony 230 is connected to the network). In one embodiment, the power supplied by a converter in a customer installation can affect the power consumption as seen in the PCC. For example, the energy that converter 244 in customer installation 240 generates for local consumption and / or to return to the network can modify the net consumption as seen in PCC 220 with meter 252 and converter 254. In one embodiment, each converter can offer support for the power consumption of an adjacent customer installation within the colony. Thus, each client installation 240 and 250 can operate in such a way that it is first self-sufficient, and extends its reach to colony 230, and later higher in hierarchy of the network to other colonies and / or the network 210 in its entirety.
Since energy can be supplied upwards in the hierarchy of the system 200, the system 200 can also be isolated at each different level of the hierarchy or organization of the electricity grid. In one embodiment, each meter 242 and 252 monitors local operation within the network segment downstream from the device itself and the local operation of the adjacent meters. For example, meters within colony 230 or within each hierarchy level of the network may share or distribute supervisory information, which may include information on power demand and power generation. Thus, each meter can listen to the local operation and know what is happening outside its local area. In one embodiment, said operation allows the system 200 to move the PCC according to what is happening throughout the network. Similar to what was mentioned above, if any device were disconnected within colony 230 or if an error condition arises, colony 230 can redirect the isolation to change the response of the network. Colony 230 can redirect the isolations through the individual operation of the control nodes within the colony, and through the control node 222. Such operation will allow the network to stay in line for longer. In one embodiment, colony 230 can effectively control reactive requirements within its subgroup of the network while possibly only consuming active power from the network as a whole. Such operation is possible through the aggregation of information in PCC 220 and in other PCCs within the hierarchy of the power grid. Thus, in one embodiment, colony 230 itself addresses the conditions of the network in PCC 220 without requiring or waiting for action from the exchange or that the network administration makes modifications to network 210. In one embodiment, the system 200 can dynamically redefine the scope of the PCC depending on the event (s) of the network.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system with supervision and control at a common coupling point between colonies. The system 300 includes an electrical network and can be an example of a network and / or electrical system according to an embodiment of the system 100 of Figure 1 and / or the system 200 of Figure 2. The network 310 represents the network infrastructure, which may include a central generator or power plant 302, and the central control of the network (not specifically shown). System 300 illustrates two colonies, 324 and 334, but it will be understood that any number of colonies can be included in system 300. As illustrated, colony 324 is located upstream of colony 334, since colony 324 is more near power station 302 that colony 334.
Each of colonies 324 and 334 represents any segment or sub-segment of the network according to any embodiment of a colony described herein. Colony 324 connects to network 310 through PCC 320, which has the corresponding distributed control node 322. Colony 334 connects to network 310 through PCC 330, which has the corresponding distributed control node 332. In one embodiment, colonies 324 and 334 have the same level of hierarchy within system 300. In one embodiment, colonies 324 and 334 have different levels of hierarchy; for example, either PCC 320 and / or PCC 330 can connect to network 310 through other PCCs, and not necessarily the same PCC number. In one embodiment where a colony provides support (e.g., tension support) to another, the colonies will have sufficient geographic or electrical proximity to allow control in one CCP to have an effect on the performance of another CCP as seen from the 310 network.
Control nodes 322 and 332 may be control nodes in accordance with any embodiment of a control node described herein. In one embodiment, control nodes 322 and 332 first seek to comply with the standards in their corresponding PCC, 320 and 330, and subsequently seek to assist with compliance with the network 310 as a whole. In one embodiment, each control node can be considered as a gateway device. The gateway device can control performance, power factor, load control and / or harmonic distortion in its corresponding PCC. . Each control node has a corresponding power converter to control the upstream power output and the downstream power consumption.
In one embodiment, control nodes 322 and 332 know their position within the electrical network. In one embodiment, each control node can know where it is in the hierarchy of the power grid. In addition, in one embodiment, each control node can know where it is in relation to the network from the power plant. For example, control node 322 may know where it is in the hierarchy of system 300 and may know that it is upstream of control node 332. In one embodiment, each node of each colony first attempts to manage the power consumption of your local colony, and you can also support the network depending on the conditions of the network (for example, what happens in other colonies). The network conditions may include any performance parameter, for example, voltage levels, power factor, harmonic distortion and / or other electrical parameters. Knowing its position allows the control node to take into account the conditions related to the operation of the upstream network to allow the control node to offer more specific support. In one embodiment, each control node can be enabled to provide support to the highest level PCC depending on what is happening within the network or the network conditions. Thus, for example, colony 334 can supply power to network 310 if colony 324 is not meeting the network's requirements. In this way, each control node can seek to guarantee local compliance and also offer support to achieve general compliance.
Colony 324 includes several power consumers: 342, 344, 350 and others that are not shown. Consumers 342, 344 and 350 may be any type of power consumer described herein. In one embodiment, a single consumer includes several customer installations. In one embodiment, a customer installation includes several consumers. In one embodiment, there is a one-to-one relationship between consumers and customer facilities. It will be noted that consumers 342 and 344 do not have local energy sources or local power generation. The consumer 350 includes the energy source 354, which is local power generation. In one embodiment, the consumer 350 includes the control node 352 to locally manage the use of locally generated energy and to manage the energy output that is returned to colony 324 and finally to network 310.
It is also illustrated that colony 334 includes several consumers, 348, 360, 370 and others. It will be understood that a colony can include any number of consumers, be less than those shown or many times more than those shown. In one embodiment, a colony may refer to a segment of energy consumers connected to the network that has independent control of the power consumption and the power returned to the network. As illustrated in colony 334, consumer 348 does not include local power generation, while consumer 360 includes local energy source 364 and consumer 370 includes local energy source 374. Consumers 360 and 370 also include corresponding control nodes 362 and 372.
It will be understood that colonies 324 and 334 may include any number of consumers that do not include local power generation and any number of consumers that do include local power generation. Thus, a colony can include any mix of consumers that include and do not include local power generation. In one embodiment, a consumer can include a control node without having local power generation, for example, consumer 344 that includes control node 346. In that configuration, local control node 346 can control reactive power consumption of consumer 344 even without a local energy source. Below are more details.
In one embodiment, a control node is not related to a PCC and / or is not a gateway device if it does not include disconnection management. For example, in one embodiment, colony 324 only has node 322 related to PCC 320, and there are no secondary PCCs within colony 324. In such an implementation, node 322 can be considered as a gateway device. In one embodiment, the disconnection administration is executed only on the gateway device. The gateway device shows all downstream devices to the network. In one embodiment, colony 324 may not have secondary PCCs, and colony 334 may have secondary PCCs (or vice versa). Even with secondary PCCs, node 332 can function as a gateway device for colony 334, and other secondary PCCs would be managed by secondary gateway devices within the colony, according to any hierarchical network structure that exists. in system 300.
Reference may be made to knowing the position within the network as serial position knowledge, which refers to a device
<img file="MX367249B_D0004.tif" />
Know your position on a number of network devices. Knowledge of the position can improve the functionality of a microinverter or other energy converter, by allowing it to offer support outside its own area. For example, microinverters or other power converters related to nodes 322 and 332 can offer better network support with position knowledge. In one embodiment, mass investors can use position knowledge to adjust their operation to have the desired general output. Mass inverters refers to inverters connected to each other in a star or waterfall configuration, or to another network configuration. Mass investors refers to a group of several investors that work together to offer control of a consumer and / or power generation. Thus, any instance of a control node can include one or more power converters. In one embodiment, the first of a series of devices is a gateway device and controls the connection of the entire series, for example, node 322 which is the first of a series of devices in colony 324 and node 332 which is the first of a series of devices colony 334. Said first device of the series can represent the entire series for the network.
Figure 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a distributed network system. The system 400 includes an electrical network and can be an example of a network and / or electrical system according to an embodiment of the system 100 of Figure 1 and / or the system 200 of Figure 2 and / or the system 300 of the Figure 3. System 400 may be only a segment or a part of one of the systems described above. In one embodiment, system 400 may be an alternative to one of the systems described above. In one embodiment, system 400 is an electrical network that operates without central network management. In one embodiment, the system 400 is an electrical network that operates without a power plant or other large-scale power source that supplies power to the entire network. In one embodiment, the system 400 is a virtual network and / or a modular network. In one embodiment, the system 400 is a virtual network that, however, can be connected to a traditional network as a separate segment. In one embodiment, the system 400 can be connected to other virtual and / or modular network segments.
System 400 illustrates colony 440 and colony 460, which can be colonies according to any embodiment described herein. More specifically, colonies 440 and 460 may have any number of consumers that may or may not include local energy sources, and may include any number of consumers that include, or not, local control nodes. Colony 440 connects to control node 432. Similarly, colony connects to control node 434. Control nodes 432 and 434 may represent control nodes in accordance with any embodiment described herein. Control nodes 432 and 434 are connected to each other through a certain infrastructure, which may be the same as the infrastructure of a network, or it may simply be a transport line with sufficient capacity to allow control nodes to connect with each other. and offer electrical support to each other.
In one embodiment, the control nodes are the PCCs. Thus, control node 432 may be PCC 422 and control node 434 may be PCC 424. In one embodiment, control nodes 432 and 434 are connected to a central information center 410. Information center 410 You can add information about the operation of several nodes distributed within the electrical network of system 400. Information center 410 is central since control nodes 432 and 434 send and receive information from the information center. In one embodiment, information center 410 includes processing and analysis engines that can determine what function each node should perform in response to network conditions. In one embodiment, the information center 410 is similar to the central network administration, but may be simpler. While the central administration of the network generally controls the interconnections or the interface of a power plant with the network and possibly the operation of a substation, the information center can provide information to the distributed nodes. Distributed nodes can function independently within their segment of the electricity network to respond to the conditions of the network. In one embodiment, the information center 410 offers information from the exchange to the distributed control nodes.
In one embodiment, colony 440 includes one or more consumers 442 that have no local energy sources. In one embodiment, colony 440 includes one or more consumers 450 that include local power sources 452 and a local control node 454. The power source and the local control node may be in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In general, colony 440 has a total load that represents the demand for power within the colony, and a total capacity that represents the generation of power within the colony. The load minus capacity can represent the net power demand, which can be positive or negative. A negative power demand may indicate that colony 440 generates more energy than will be consumed by local consumers. It will be understood that the demand for power fluctuates throughout the day and year since consumers use and generate different amounts of energy. The control node 432 can continuously monitor the net power demand of the corresponding colony 440.
In one embodiment, colony 460 includes one or more consumers 462 who do not have local energy sources, and one or more consumers 470 who have local energy sources 472 and a local control node 474. The description of colony 440 may apply. similarly to colony 460. Colony 460 also has a total load that represents the demand for energy within the colony, and a total capacity that represents the generation of energy within the colony, which may be completely different from those in colony 440.
In one embodiment, one or both colonies may include local energy storage. For example, colony 440 is illustrated with energy storage 444, and colony 460 is illustrated with energy storage 464. In one embodiment, at least one colony does not include energy storage. In one embodiment, all colonies include energy storage. Energy storage 444 and 464 represent any type of energy storage that may exist within the colonies. Energy storage 444 and 464 may represent the sum of all local energy storage resources of individual consumers within the colony. In one embodiment, one or more colonies include an energy storage of the colony. The energy storage of the colony may be an additional or alternative storage of the tocal energy storage of individual consumers.
In one embodiment, energy stores 444 and 464 may include battery resources, which may include any type of batteries. A battery is a device that stores energy through a chemical and / or electrical medium that can be used later. However, energy storage is not limited to batteries. For example, in one embodiment, an energy storage, whether local to a consumer or shared between several consumers or between the entire colony, includes a mechanism that works to convert active energy into potential energy, which can later be recovered by converting it back from potential energy to active energy. For example, consider a water storage system as an energy storage. When there is excess capacity within a consumer and / or a colony, the system can operate a pump to operate with excess energy and pump water "uphill", basically so that it is pumped against gravity. Energy recovery may include allowing water to flow downhill due to gravity and operating a generator or minigenerator in order to generate energy. Another alternative may be to use energy to compress air and subsequently run a generator with air by decompressing it. It will be understood that other examples could also be used when energy storage is not limited to traditional battery resources.
In one embodiment, system 400 is a segment of a network that includes distributed control. In that context, each node within a power grid hierarchy can manage its own conditions in the PCC in order to meet performance standards or expectations. In one embodiment, each node can also provide electrical support to adjacent segments or CCPs, when it sees that the performance of the side of the power grid (upstream of its segment) is reduced. In one embodiment, each node can offer electrical support to the adjacent segments or PCCs in response to receiving information from information center 410, other nodes, and / or from the central or central administration control information.
In one embodiment, the system 400 includes one or more power sources 412 connected to supply power to the power grid. One or more sources of power 412 may be additional to the local energy sources of the consumers. In one embodiment, no single power source 412 has sufficient capacity to meet the power demands of consumers. For example, instead of a commercial or industrial scale power plant, one or more power sources 412 may be included locally in a segment of the network. The segment may be within a colony or may be shared between several colonies. Power sources 412 may include smaller-scale generators that would be smaller than an implementation on the size of a commercial scale, but larger than would generally be used in a consumer or in customer facilities. The power sources 412 of a colony can be directly related to a control node (for example, the power source 412 can be connected and controlled by the control node 432). The control node can manage the output of the power source.
Without a large-scale power plant, but with a smaller-scale power generator (for example, a colony generator, a solar colony installation, a small-scale hydroelectric generator or other power sources), an electrical network can be install with a minimum of infrastructure compared to current networks. Said modular power grid can allow expansion from a network based on current requirements and subsequently interconnect to other independent power grid segments. Each segment can continue to operate independently, but subsequently can benefit from the possibility of better distributing power generation and power demand based on availability to and from adjacent segments. Each interface or interconnection may include one or more control nodes, which may include one or more power converters to control the power consumption and the power that can be displayed upstream. Thus, a local power grid can be built and subsequently connected to another local power grid when another level of the power grid hierarchy is added to interconnect the two independent segments.
In one embodiment, consider that colony 440 has several tooth installations 450 that have local energy sources 452. Traditionally, the networks are designed and constructed to be unidirectional, since they are designed to supply power from a single large power plant Scale consumers. With power generation in the tooth 450 installation, the colony 440 and the like upwards, through a connected network, can, in fact, become a bidirectional system in which power from the central power source can be supplied to consumers, but then consumers can also generate excess capacity that can be returned to the network. If the power generation of the colony and the adjacent colonies exceeds the demand for instantaneous power, the generated power will be sent up the network to the power plant. This condition can be a challenge for the network infrastructure.
Network operators (for example, utility companies) generally set limits on the amount of local power generated can be connected to the network, in order to reduce the risk of a scenario in which significant amounts of energy are sent to up the network to the power plant. This limit is generally referred to as saturation, where there is a limit amount of the capacity that is allowed to connect to the network. If the saturation limit is reached, a consumer generally has to pay for additional network infrastructure (additional equipment) that will allow the utility to disconnect power generation from the network selectively. These scenarios also conflict with consumers and public service companies because consumers fail to see the same levels of cost reduction because the network cannot use power generation and, therefore, the network operator does not compensates the consumer for that power.
In one embodiment, system 400 may offer an alternative mechanism to deal with network saturation. In one embodiment, distributed control of system 400 may offer dynamic control over power demand and power generation as seen in the PCC and / or as seen in a customer installation or anywhere downstream from the node. of control. In one embodiment, the control node includes a power converter to control the demand for active and reactive power and the generation of active and reactive power. More specifically, the control node can adjust the operation to influence an active power component of the power as seen downstream from the PCC, and an active power component as seen upstream from the PCC. The control node can adjust the operation to influence a power reactive power component as seen downstream from the PCC, and a reactive power component as seen upstream from the PCC. In one embodiment, the control node may include one or more inverters or one or more microinverters as power converters to exercise control over demand and generation.
In one embodiment, node 432 includes a network connection to connect upstream in an electrical network. The network connection may include known connectors and high voltage and low voltage signal lines. Node 432 is, or is connected to, a PCC (PCC 422) for the segment of the electrical network of colony 440. Node 432 includes control logic, for example, a controller or a microprocessor or other logic to determine how function. In one embodiment, node 432 determines that a saturation limit has been reached within colony 440. Said determination may be the result of dynamic supervision to determine that power generation exceeds energy demand. Such determination may be a response to a notification from an information center or the central network administration. Such determination may be a response to the data of other distributed control nodes. In one embodiment, each energy source 452 in colony 440 is related to a control node 454 within a colony. In one embodiment, each control node 454 is configured with information about the capacity of the energy source 452 that corresponds to you. In one embodiment, each local control node 454 is registered with control node 432, which may allow node 432 to know the total capacity of colony 440.
In one embodiment, node 432 knows the total peak active power demand of colony 440, for example, by configuration and / or dynamic identification through communication with meters or other equipment distributed to consumers. In one embodiment, there is a limit percentage for the total peak active power demand that identifies an active power value, and when the active power generation capacity exceeds the value, the colony is considered saturated. In response to the saturation condition, in one embodiment, node 432 dynamically adjusts the operation of the power converter (s) to adjust the interface between colony 440 and the network. In one embodiment, node 432 adjusts a relationship between active power and reactive power for colony 440 as seen from upstream of PCC 422 (for example, as seen from PCC 424 and / or as seen from central administration of the network or another part of the electricity network).
In one embodiment, node 432 receives information from the information center 410 or from the central network administration indicating a network saturation level for colony 440. In one embodiment, node 432 receives information from the current connected elements. below, for example, through meters and / or the node (s) 454 indicating the saturation levels of the network comment below from PCC 422. In one embodiment, node 432 adjusts at least an amount of active power generation with colony 440, for example, when communicating with control nodes 454 comment below in order to adjust its active power output. In one embodiment, node 432 may communicate downstream to cause control nodes 454 to change a relationship between reactive power output and active power upstream. In one embodiment, node 432 adjusts the generation and / or demand of active and / or reactive power in PCC 422 to adjust electrical conditions as seen upstream from PCC 422. In one embodiment, node 432 and / or node (s) 454 adjust their operation to divert at least part of the active and / or reactive power to the energy storage 444.
In one embodiment, system 400 represents a virtual network or a virtual network segment. As a virtual network, the 400 system does not require the traditional infrastructure, a power plant or a central network administration, elements common to the networks of traditional public service companies. The system 400 can be a virtual network as long as in one embodiment, each colony 440 or 460 can generate energy locally and independently meet other local demand. Despite being independent, colonies 440 and 460 can connect with each other to allow each colony to offer and / or receive support from the other colony. The interconnection between colonies 440 and 460 can be minimal compared to a traditional network that requires a lot of infrastructure.
In one embodiment, nodes 432 and 434 are connected to each other as a PCC and / or can be considered to be connected to each other through another PCC. In one embodiment, PCC 422 and PCC 424 will be connected to each other through PCC 426, which will have a separate control node (not shown specifically). The PCC 426 can be considered to be higher in a power grid hierarchy from PCCs 422 and 424. The PCC 426 can be managed from the perspective of a control node that seeks to control the operation of all downstream connections and manage the upstream connections. In one embodiment, nodes 432 and 434 connect to each other, but not through PCC 426, but are at a maximum level of the power grid hierarchy and can communicate and offer network support to each other. In one embodiment, any power generation that is available within colony 440, although sufficient to meet its own peak power demand, is not sufficient to meet the peak power demands of colonies 440 and 460. The same could be true. regarding the power generation of the 460 colony.
Control nodes 432 and 434 independently manage their local power sources. From the perspective of each colony, the colony as a whole seems to have a "source of energy" while the power generation resources within the colony can generate power. Nodes 432 and 434 control the distribution of locally generated power, each from its corresponding colony. It will be understood that although reference is made to colonies, the same principles apply to two different consumers, each with local power generation and each with a control node. By connecting the two consumers to each other, a virtual network can be generated. Thus, the virtual network can operate at the level of individual consumers or large groups of consumers and colonies. In one embodiment, each control node operates based on local power demand and local power generation, and based on supervision and / or communication regarding the power demand and power generation of the connected colony or consumer. .
In one embodiment, one or more segments of a virtual power network may be connected to an electric power distribution network of a public service company. In one embodiment, one or more additional consumers or colonies may be connected to each other as a virtual network with consumers or colonies that are connected to each other. In one embodiment, each control node includes communication and control logic to discover the structure of the network. In one embodiment, a control node within system 400 may function as a master node, for example, node 432. A master control node may have one or more slave nodes connected. For example,
<img file="MX367249B_D0005.tif" />
node 434 could be a slave node of node 432. In a master slave context, control node 432 can control the operation of node 434 so that node 434 controls its local resources or downstream according to one or more commands or requests generated by master node 432. Thus, node 432 can offer control over its local segment and over one or more subsegments connected as slave segments. In that context, node 432 may be responsible for ensuring that each segment of the electricity network complies with the standards or requirements. Node 432, therefore, can control power distribution and power demand through system 400.
In one embodiment, a system 400 electrical network can be adjusted modularly in size. Since each colony 440, 460, ..., in the electrical network can independently control colonies, consumers and / or other segments or groups of the network, it can be added and / or removed from the electricity network dynamically. For example, in a developing area, a first 440 colony can be built with a power generation system to try to meet the demand of its consumers. In one embodiment, a power source 412 may be connected, but by itself insufficient to meet the peak demand of colony 440. Power source 412 can supply energy in response to demand when local energy sources are insufficient. To meet the demand. In one embodiment, colony 460 may be more developed, and then be connected to colony 440 (for example, coupling nodes 432 and 434). Other colonies can be added similarly, through a PCC and a higher level control node and / or by connecting colony control nodes. In one embodiment, the power source 412 may then offer service to the two colonies by distributing through the control nodes, and the colonies would generally depend on the local power generation, but may receive power from the source. of power 412 as a support power source. In one embodiment, the power of source 412 is used when local power generation, including power conversion of energy stores, does not meet the demand. In one embodiment, one control node offers support to the other control node by adjusting the output of the reactive power to modify the voltages and the power flow in the interconnection of the colonies. Modifying the reactive power or the offset of the power generated and / or consumed locally in the colony can cause an electrical condition that will cause the energy to flow in a different direction, depending on whether the other colony needs to receive additional power or discharge it.
Figure 5 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that includes a customer installation with a power source controlled by a converter by means of the supervision performed by a meter. System 500 represents elements of an electrical network. The system 500 offers an example of the elements of an embodiment of an electrical network that can be in accordance with one or more of the systems: system 100, system 200, system 300 and / or system 400. System 500 includes meter 522, which represents a power meter that can be in accordance with an embodiment of Figure 10.
In one embodiment, the system 500 includes the consumer 530, which is connected to the node 520. The node 520 includes hardware to connect to the network 510, which may be an electric power distribution network of a public utility, a network virtual, or an embodiment of an electrical network. Node 520 includes the meter 522, which represents a power measurement device, which monitors the downstream power (for example, the net power demand of the consumer 530 and potentially other consumers). In one embodiment, node 520 includes external I / O (inputs / outputs) 524 to connect to information center 540. Information center 540 represents a central information bank of network 510. In one embodiment, the information center 540 provides information from the exchange to the meter 522 / node 520. The node 520 represents a control node, and can be an example of a control node according to any embodiment described herein.
Meter 522 allows node 520 to monitor power demand and power generation. One or more energy sources, for example, energy source 536, can generate power. Consumer 530 includes charges 540 [0; (N-1)]. The charges 540 can be any type of charges. In one embodiment, the consumer 530 includes the converter 532, which represents a power converter and can be, for example, a microinverter. In one embodiment, the consumer 530 does not include the converter 532. The meter 522 includes a controller or processor to control its operation. In one embodiment, the meter 522 monitors the power demand and controls one or more converters, 526 and / or 532.
The converter 526 represents a local power converter at node 520. In one embodiment, each control node includes a meter 522 and a power converter 526. In one embodiment, each node is virtual and includes a meter 522 connected to a converter 532. In one embodiment, node 520 is virtual and represents an abstraction of the control supplied by the meter 522 and power converter. In one embodiment, the 532 converter is not necessarily within a client installation, but controls the power distribution for a client installation. The converter 526 may be a power converter for the PCC 512. The control of the power distribution may refer to distributing power downstream to a consumer and distributing the power generated by a tooth installation upstream. In one embodiment, meter 522 is responsible for representing compliance with the network standards in PCC 512. In one embodiment, meter 522 determines that an adjustment to the relationship between active power and reactive power is required to maintain compliance. in PCC 512, due to the changing conditions of network 510. In one embodiment, meter 522 sends commands or requests to converter 526 and / or converter 532 to adjust operation. The converter 532 can adjust the operation with respect to the consumer 530. The converter 526 can adjust the operation with respect to several consumers, among which is the consumer 530.
In one embodiment, the meter 522 can determine that the power factor as seen in the PCC 512 must be adjusted. In one embodiment, the meter
522 it can determine that more active power is required in the PCC 512. In one embodiment, the meter 522 can determine that more reactive power is required in the PCC 512, and can determine whether the power should be advanced or delayed in relation to a form of mains voltage wave 510. The meter 522 can make decisions based on the measurement of energy in the PCC 512. In one embodiment, the meter 522 can respond to information indicating saturation conditions in the network 510 and / or in the connected devices comment below from the PCC 512. Thus, the meter 522 can respond to the information of the network center 510 and / or the information center information 540.
Figure 6 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that includes a converter that controls an installation of the tooth by means of the monitoring performed by a meter. System 600 represents elements of an electrical network. The system 600 offers an example of an embodiment of the elements of an electrical network that can be according to one or more of the systems: system 100, system 200, system 300 and / or system 400. System 600 is similar to system 500 of Figure 5, but does not include power source resources in tooth facilities. Even without local power generation, customer installations can benefit significantly through the dynamic and intelligent control offered by a power converter and a control node as described herein.
System 600 includes consumer 630, which represents a power consumer in accordance with any embodiment described herein. Consumer 630 is connected to node 620. Node 620 includes hardware to connect to network 610 through PCC 612. Network 610 can be an electric power distribution network of a public utility, a virtual network or any other realization of an electrical network. Node 620 includes the meter 622, which represents a power measurement device, which monitors the downstream power (for example, the net power demand of the consumer 630 and potentially other consumers). In one embodiment, node 620 includes external I / O (inputs / outputs) 624 to connect to information center 640. E! Information center 640 represents a central information bank of the 610 network. In one embodiment, the information center 640 offers information from the exchange to the meter 622 / node 620. The node 620 represents a control node, and can be an example of a control node according to any embodiment described herein.
The meter 622 allows node 620 to monitor the power demand of the consumer 630 and possibly other consumers. Consumer 630 includes charges 634 [0: (N-1)]. The loads 634 can be any type of loads. In one embodiment, the consumer 630 includes the converter 632, which represents a power converter and can be, for example, a microinverter. The 622 meter includes a controller or processor to control its operation. In one embodiment, the meter 622 monitors the power demand and controls the operation of the converter 632. In one embodiment, the converter 632 is part of node 620. In one embodiment, node 620 is virtual and represents an abstraction of the control supplied by the 622 meter and the 632 converter. In one embodiment, the converter 632 is not necessarily located within a customer installation, but controls the power distribution for a tooth installation.
The converter 632 controls the distribution of power to the consumer 630. Because the consumer 630 does not include power generation, the control of the power distribution refers to distributing the power downstream to the consumer and may include demand control of consumer power. In one embodiment, the 622 meter is responsible for representing compliance with the network standards in the PCC 612. In one embodiment, the meter 622 determines that an adjustment to the relationship between active power and reactive power is required to maintain compliance in the PCC 612, due to the changing conditions of the 610 network. In one embodiment, the meter 622 sends commands or requests to the 632 converter to adjust the operation. The converter 632 can adjust the operation with respect to the consumer 630.
In one embodiment, the meter 622 may determine that the consumer 630 requires reactive power in addition to or active power, or instead. Traditionally, a consumer is required to obtain all reactive power from the network. Thus, all the reactive power requirements of the consumer 630 would be provided by the 610 network. In one embodiment, the converter 632 can change an interface in the PCC 612 either by the operation observed from upstream or by the operation seen downstream. The operation observed upstream includes how the power factor, active power, reactive power and others are controlled as seen from the 610 network. The converter 632 can change the operation by managing the power demand as seen from the 610 network. In one embodiment, the converter 632 can change an interface depending on the needs of the consumer 630 and the availability of power in the network 610.
Consider a scenario in which the consumer 630 requires active power to supply the loads 634. Traditionally, for the consumer's active power requirements, the consumer would be required to generate locally active power and / or consume active power from the 610 network. In one embodiment, if the network 610 can benefit from reactive power being consumed (for example, for the voltage support to the network when consuming the advanced or delayed current network with respect to the network voltage), the converter 632 it can change an interface with the network and consume reactive power of the network 610, while changing an interface with respect to the loads 634 in order to supply active power of the reactive power consumed. Similarly, in one embodiment, the converter 632 can operate in such a way that it consumes active power from the network 610 and supplies reactive power to the loads 634. Such operation may require that the converter 632 change a lag of an input impedance for the loads and / or a lag of an input impedance for the network (for example, through the 622 meter, or according to its supervision).
<img file="MX367249B_D0006.tif" />
Thus, node 620 and / or meter 622 and converter 632 can offer a benefit to a consumer who does not have a power source. The consumer 530 of Figure 5 can supply at least a portion of its own power, and the meter 522 and the converter 526/532 can determine by means of calculations how much power must be created from the locally generated power. The consumer 630 does not include a power source, but the meter 622 and the converter 632 can control how the power of the network 610 is used in the consumer 630. In one embodiment, based on the energy signals measured by the meter 622 For various loads (the energy signals are explained in more detail below), the meter 622 can calculate how to use the power of the network 610. In one embodiment, converter 632 can only obtain active power from network 610, but subsequently create reactive power for use by loads 634. Thus, converter 632 can supply the reactive power needs of consumer 630 from power only. active obtained from the network. Thus, network 610 will not detect that consumer 630 is using reactive power, but only active power. In some cases, reactive power is less expensive than active power. However, if there is a condition in which reactive power consumption is preferred, even temporarily, the converter 632 can obtain reactive power and produce active power for loads 634 to consume. In one embodiment, in general, the converter 632 can obtain any combination of reactive and active power from the network 610, and provide any combination of active and reactive power required by loads 634. Such operation can be modified by the information sent from the center of information 640, and / or can provide information to the information center 640.
In one embodiment, a consumer includes the local power converter 632. The converter 632 can perform one or more operations to administer or control an interface. In one embodiment, the interface represents the interconnection of a device to a PCC. In one embodiment, the interface represents the electrical interconnection or the electrical coupling of a device to another point. For example, the converter 632 can operate in such a way that it adjusts an interface between the PCC and one or more local loads, for example, by changing how power or energy is transferred between the network and the load. In one embodiment, the converter 632 may operate in such a way that it adjusts an interface between a local power source and a local load, for example, to supply power to the load from a local power source. In one embodiment, the converter 632 can operate in such a way that it adjusts the interface between a local power source and a PCC, for example to supply power to the network from a power source from the consumer side of a PCC. In one embodiment, the converter 632 can operate in such a way that it adjusts an interface between an energy storage and the PCC and / or a power source, for example, to change the energy storage and / or supply power from the storage of energy for the load and / or the network to use.
Figure 7 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that includes a meter that monitors the different energy signals that describe complex current vectors. System 700 represents elements of a control node connected to loads. System 700 may be an example of a control node according to any embodiment described herein. More specifically, system 700 includes meter 710 and converter 740. In one embodiment, the meter 710 and the converter 740 perform the monitoring and control functions of a control node. In one embodiment, the system 700 monitors and controls the power consumption according to the energy signals.
In one embodiment, meter 710 monitors power consumption in customer installations or other downstream devices. In one embodiment, the converter 740 provides control over the power generation and / or over the power consumption according to the supervision performed by the meter 710. The converter 740 can control the power generation by controlling what type of power is generated, even from a source that only produces active power. The converter 740 can control the power consumption by controlling what type of power is made available to the loads, even when the loads require a different mixture of reactive and active power than is available; The 740 converter can generate the appropriate active and reactive power components to meet the power demands of the loads.
In one embodiment, the meter 710 includes storage and processing elements. For example, meter 710 may include built-in memory to store information. The 710 meter may include a processor and / or an integrated computing card to perform calculations and control operation. In one embodiment, the meter 710 stores the signals 712. The signals 712 represent complex vector vectors of one or more charges. Complex current vectors are compound currents that are consumed when a load is active. In one embodiment, the meter 710 stores M signals, which may be greater or less than the number of loads N 730 monitored by the meter 710. When M is less than N, the meter 710 may fail to store the signals of the loads that are infrequent or that do not deviate from active power for more than a certain limit, for example. In one embodiment, the meter 710 stores signals based on the time of day instead of using specific charges, which can result in a number of energy signals different from the number of charges.
In one embodiment, load 730 (0] has a corresponding current or current signal, Current [0] .In addition, load 730 (1] has a corresponding current or current signal, Current [1], and so on up to that load 730 [N-1] has a corresponding current or current signal, Current [N-1]. Each of the current signals, Current [0: (N-1)], can be a complex vector current, with an active power component and a reactive power component. More details are given below with respect to Figures 8 and 9. The composite current 720 is a complex current vector that includes the complex current vectors of various charges. Each current vector of a load, Comment [0: (N-1) J, can itself be complex by having an apparent power component and harmonic components that change the power actually used by the load. In one embodiment, the meter 710 can track the signals and modify the operation of the converter 740 if it is detected that specific loads are connected or disconnected from the line.
In one embodiment, the meter 710 includes a processor for performing vector calculations and / or vector analysis of the monitored currents. Thus, the meter 710 can identify and track various energy signals or current signals. The signals 712 can be referred to as current signals, referring to the fact that when the various loads are active or in operation, there will be a specific current vector and identify it related to the load that is connected in line. The signals 712 can be referred to as energy signals, referring to the fact that the complex vectors themselves are representations of the complex use of the energy that the charges make when they are active,
It is known that traditional systems monitor the so-called “energy profile that includes a representation of how much energy a charged device consumes, on average over a period. Signals 712 can extend the concept of a traditional energy profile, with improved or modified information. More specifically, signals 712 can represent not only the medial power component of the energy of a load, but can also include information on harmonics or harmonic noise. Thus, in one embodiment, the meter 710 can add information on harmonic cough and measurable energy consumption. The resulting representation of signals 712 is not a power vector as previously known. Instead, the resulting representation of signals 712 includes harmonic cough information. In one embodiment, knowing the harmonics can provide information on the operation of the converter 740 to adjust an interface with a power supply to suppress the harmonics.
Consider that system 700 offers an example of a control node of a client installation connected to an electrical network, and the client installation
<img file="MX367249B_D0007.tif" />
It includes a solar source or other energy source that provides power to the power grid. The control node includes the meter 710 and the converter 740, which can be an intelligent inverter. The power grid can include an information center, which offers information and can perform the traditional function of a public service company. Instead of the information center controlling the distribution of centralized power, the information center can provide distributed information for distributed control of distributed power. In one embodiment, the information center can send information and control the generators of the power grid, control the operation of the distributed control nodes, control the operation of the energy storage and / or perform other functions.
In one embodiment, the converter 740 can control the power generated by the energy sources in the tooth installations. The meter 710 is a device that can monitor the activities of the client facilities in terms of energy consumption. In one embodiment, the meter 710 and / or the converter 740 can receive information from the information center. The control node can also provide information to the Information center. The 740 converter can specifically generate the power required for customer installations and / or for the network. In one embodiment, the public service company may offer preferential rates to generate certain types of energy. As an example, consider an engine connected to the network. Traditionally it would be connected to a capacitor bank to prevent reactive noise from returning to the network. Not only engines tend to generate reactive noise that returns to the network, but LED luminaires (light-emitting diode), flat-screen TVs, computing devices (especially power supplies of electronic equipment, such as switching power supplies) and other electronic equipment also introduce noise into the network. The devices generate noise in the network according to their resonance or magnetic feature that generates an impedance and / or heat that the system must compensate. Thus, the current to supply power to the loads and / or the power of the client installations to the network must be sent or obtained through magnetic resonance, which requires more energy to carry the current. More energy is required to transport the same amount of current through the magnetic resonance field compared to transporting the current through a line where there is no magnetic resonance.
A reference to creating reactive power can refer to the generation of a comment that has phase and waveform properties that compensate for harmonic distortion. Thus, the meter 710 can calculate and store the signals 712 in order to use them to determine how to interconnect with the network. The 710 meter can measure and monitor which signals are present at any time. For example, usually, the meter 710 can continuously monitor the consumer's power demand. Continuous supervision will be understood as a regular cycle that samples the input and / or output lines and determines what is the composite current 720. The meter 710 can tell the converter 740 to change its input and / or output impedance, and / or to change the generation of an output current waveform to supply an output signal as close to the ideal as possible. More details are given below with respect to Figures 15 and 16.
In one embodiment, the converter 740 adjusts its operation to reduce a harmonic component as seen by the network. Thus, the operation of the converter 740 can cause the power demand and / or the power generation, as shown to the network in the PCC, to be "free" of harmonics. Thus, the system 700 can be interconnected much more efficiently, resulting in a better transfer of energy to and from the network, in addition to being able to offer support to the network and correcting the conditions of the network. In one embodiment, network support and / or network conditions are a factor in the calculation of how converter 740 should generate output power, either output to the load as received from the network and / or output towards the network as supplied by the client facilities.
In one embodiment, in response to signals 712 and / or information sent from an information center or a network operator (for example, from the central network administration) and / or the energy monitoring performed by a meter, the 700 system allows the control of reactive power in the PCC and / or in a consumer. The reactive power can be referred to as VAR (reactive voltamper). In one embodiment, meter 710 measures the current used by a load, including current harmonics. The load may include one of several different devices electrically connected to the network, which consume energy. In one embodiment, the meter 710 generates an energy signal by calculating a current vector of the measured current. The energy signal will be unique for the load or for the condition of the load (assuming the aggregation of several distinguishable charging devices that generate the load current). The energy signal includes a complex comment vector for the operating load. In one embodiment, the meter 710 identifies an active power component and a reactive power component for the main current, and an active power component and a reactive power component for one or more harmonics of the load. In one embodiment, the energy signal 712 includes an angular displacement of the harmonics in relation to the main current. The meter 710 controls the operation of the converter 740 (for example, by providing information to the converter) in order to control the contribution of noise from the load due to harmonics as seen in the PCC. The converter can adjust an interface with the PCC to compensate, and therefore reduce the noise introduced to the network from the load.
Again, in one embodiment, converter 740 adjusts a reactive power component of the power output of a local power source. In one embodiment, the converter 740 adjusts a reactive power component of the load power demand. In one embodiment, the converter 740 adjusts (for example, reduces or increases) a frequency of the load operating voltage. In one embodiment, the converter 740 is on the same side of the PCC as the loads 730 and controls an interface from within, or internal to, the PCC. In a
<img file="MX367249B_D0008.tif" />
embodiment, the converter 740 is on one side of the PCC network in relation to the loads 730, controls the interface from the network side of the PCC and adjusts how the network sees the demand and / or the power generation by looking towards the PCC from the consumer.
In one embodiment, the meter 710 monitors an electrical and / or network performance condition. In one embodiment, the meter 710 receives information from the panel or other distributed information indicating a network condition. In one embodiment, the meter can be considered to receive information from the panel when measuring a network condition in the PCC. In one embodiment, the meter 710 is on the same side of the network as the local charges 730. In one embodiment, the converter 740 is on the same side of the network as the local loads 730. In one embodiment, the meter 710 calculates and stores the signals 712. In one embodiment, the meter 710 is preconfigured with the signal information. In one embodiment, the meter 710 has the information of the signals 712 of the specific loads 730 that are connected to it. In one embodiment, the meter 710 calculates and stores the signals 712 as different charging conditions that occur over a day. In one embodiment, compound comment 720 is considered the same when the vector is within a predefined range of the signal, or it is determined that a signal exists when compound comment 720 is within a defined range of signal 712. In one embodiment, the meter 710 sends specific parameters for the operation of the converter 740 based on a specifically identified signal 712.
In one embodiment, the meter 710 identifies a unique energy signal 712 at one or more charges 730 or load conditions according to the measurement and calculation of the composite comment 720. In one embodiment, the charges 730 represent the conditions of the charge (a context in which several loads are active simultaneously), instead of identifying a particular device. The meter 710 can identify a complex current vector of the load 730, including the identification of an active power component and a reactive power component of the main current, and an active power component, a reactive power component and a displacement angle of the harmonics, in relation to the main current. Again, the meter 710 can cause the converter 740 to operate in such a way that it reduces or minimizes the noise introduced to the network based on the load.
In one embodiment, the meter 710 receives information from the power plant central indicating that the power grid requires voltage support in the PCC administered by the control node to which the meter 710 belongs. In one embodiment, the converter 740 supplies positive reactive power to the power grid to provide voltage support. In one embodiment, converter 740 supplies negative reactive power to the network to provide voltage support. The converter 740 can supply positive reactive power in response to a need for a node of the downstream mains that requires voltage support. The converter 740 can supply negative reactive power in response to a need for a node of the upstream mains that requires voltage support. If the meter 710 includes position knowledge, the control node through the meter 710 can determine whether upstream or downstream voltage support is required, and take appropriate measures.
In one embodiment, the meter 710 can calculate or process different charge energy signals even when other charges are present. For example, consider a composite current that is already present in system 700. The addition of another load 730 that connects to the line will change the total composite current. In one embodiment, the meter 710 calculates a difference between the new composite current and the previous composite current to determine the energy signal of the new load / s. In this way, the meter 710 can identify the specific load and determine to make a change in the operation within the system 700 in order to meet the power demands of the specific load 730. It will be understood that such calculations may require vector analysis and / or calculations to distinguish specific loads.
Figure 8 is a graphic representation of an embodiment of the components of a current in a system in which the harmonic components of the current have angular displacements with respect to a main current component. Diagram 810 offers a representation of a complex current vector. A vector has a magnitude and a direction. Instead of simply measuring the power as was traditionally done, in one embodiment, a meter and / or a control node can monitor the power as an energy signal including a representation of a complex power vector. In one embodiment, each signal identifies characteristics to define and / or "name" the signal. Each signal includes a representation of a complex vector that provides a vector for the mainstream and a vector for one or more harmonics.
Vector 820 is the mainstream vector. In a typical representation, the X coordinate is the vector component that goes from left to right on the page. The Y component goes from the bottom up on the page. It will be understood that although it is not shown herein for reasons of simplicity, a vector may have a negative Y component. The X and Y coordinates define the final end of the vector. Now consider that the X and Y coordinates of vector 820 of the mainstream define a plane. The most correct way of conceiving harmonics, according to the research and the work done by the inventors, is to represent the harmonics as a three-dimensional vector. Thus, if the X and Y coordinates of vector 820 define a reference plane, one or more of the harmonics may have an angular displacement relative to the vector plane of the main comment.
For example, consider the example in diagram 810. The first harmonic is illustrated with vector 830, which includes an X component and a Y component, in which the magnitudes of the components can be any magnitude with respect to the components of the mainstream. In addition to the X and Y coordinates, the vector 830 of the first harmonic includes a coordinate component Z, which defines the angular displacement 852 of the vector with respect to the reference plane of the vector 820 of the mainstream · It will be understood that the starting points of the main current and harmonics are the same. Thus, the third dimension of the vectors of harmonics or complex vectors is not necessarily an absolute Z coordinate component, but an angular displacement relative to the main current.
As illustrated, the vector 840 of the third harmonic also has an X component and a Y component, and an angular displacement 854, which may be different (greater or less than) from the angular displacement 852 of the vector 830 of the first harmonic. The angular deviation of the angular displacements represents a magnetic effect on the current. The inventors have detected perceptible effects on power consumption up to harmonic 40. Thus, the contribution of harmonic displacements should not be underestimated. Harmonics move with respect to angular displacement by the different resonance effects of a magnetic flux when trying to transport a current. Vector 820 of the mainstream is the current that the consumer expects to see. However, harmonic components can add significant (measurable) energy consumption. Harmonic shifts can shift the two-dimensional simple current vector that is expected to a three-dimensional current vector (complex current vector). The traditional power triangle does not fully consider the consumer's power consumption, since additional power will be required to counteract the magnetic components that represent the displaced or deviated harmonic components.
Figure 9 is a graphic representation of an embodiment of components of a current in a system in which a current vector is a combination of a main current component and harmonic current components. Diagrams 910, 920, 930 and 940 illustrate the parts of the components of a complex current vector in accordance with an embodiment of diagram 810 of Figure 8. As illustrated, diagram 910 represents vector 912 of the main stream. The mainstream includes the X and Y components, and defines a frame of reference for harmonics.
Diagram 920 represents vector 922 of the first harmonic, which includes the components X and Y, and angular displacement 924. Diagram 930 represents vector 932 of the third harmonic, which includes components X and Y, and angular displacement 934. Diagram 940 represents vector 942 of the fifth harmonic, which includes the components X and Y, and angular displacement 944. Each of the main currents 912 and several harmonics (922, 932, 942) are shown as representations of a “triangle of two-dimensional power, which is what is traditionally expected for each. However, as mentioned above, harmonics are generally in angular displacement with respect to the vector of a component of the main current and, therefore, the vector of the resulting composite current is not in the same plane as vector 912 of mainstream
Instead, consider the power triangle of the composite current vector as a triangle in a three-dimensional box. Diagram 950 shows a simple illustration of this concept. It will be noted that the vector 912 of the main current is one side of the three-dimensional box of diagram 950. The harmonics push the triangle of the composite current "inward" of the box in a certain way. The vector 952 of the composite stream is larger both in magnitude and angular displacement relative to the vector 912 of the mainstream. The offset 954 represents the angular offset. It will be understood that vector 912 of the main stream and vector 952 of the composite stream define the "box shape. Depending on the amount of the harmonics contribution, the shape of the box will be different. The vector 952 of the composite current can be a signal stored by the measuring device. The reference plane of the main current 912 can be defined as a plane of the power of the network (referring to the condition of the power as seen in the network from the PCC).
In relation to the noise and harmonics generated, it will be understood that there are standards for switching power supplies and for MRI in general. Each device is tested to verify compliance (for example, with UL certification). When each device or load individually works according to its design and the test, each will comply with the standards as required. However, when there are several loads and / or devices connected to each other, they usually generate unexpected resonance. The inventors have detected contributions to the energy triangle from the first harmonic to the harmonic 40. Thus, there is usually a significant amount of harmonic noise in the transport lines. Traditionally, harmonic suppression includes filters intended for certain specific noise components. However, the noise components may continue to vary as different devices are connected or disconnected, and the structure of the grid's electrical resonance changes continuously. In one embodiment, the meter 710 detects the characteristics of each load or group of charges. Characteristics can be referred to as a harmonic signal.
In one embodiment, the power meter or the energy meter can detect such displacements as the angular displacements of the harmonic current vectors, by measuring the energy contributions. The power converter can compensate for the actual composite current by supplying the reactive power necessary to match the load and / or the PCC to the network. Thus, the converter can adjust the current in the load to align the compound current with the network, not simply in terms of the power factor, but also in terms of the complex vector. Such a function will naturally eliminate or at least reduce the harmonic distortion caused by the load on the network.
In one embodiment, what is described in relation to the load can also be done in relation to the generation of energy. In one embodiment, the meter can determine an energy signal in the PCC and calculate how much current would be needed to balance the network with the desired displacement (if a power factor other than that of the unit is desired) and / or to match it to the of the network in case a unit power factor is desired. The converter can adjust the operation to adjust the power output not only to match the needs of the reactive power, but also the displacement of the complex current vector to more efficiently match the network interface with the elements connected downstream from the PCC .
It will be understood that the energy triangle represented in diagram 950 can be represented as a mathematical representation of the effect seen when the current component used by a load or a consumer is observed. The effect is wasted energy, which normally manifests as heat. Traditionally, the problem is that the systems are not well balanced, and there are too many noise components. In one embodiment, a control node is balanced not only with the impedance, but also with the correction of noise or harmonics in order to provide a connection to the network with a specific energy signal. Thus, the control node can offer a "cleaner" connection to the power grid in relation to the power interface, whether it sends power to the network or receives power from the network.
Figure 10 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a measuring device that monitors the power at a common coupling point (PCC). The measuring device 1000 may be a power meter or an energy meter in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In one embodiment, the measuring device 1000 is a control node, or part thereof, in accordance with any embodiment described herein. The device 1000 includes hardware components for interconnection to the electricity network, whether it is connected upstream and / or with adjacent network nodes. In one embodiment, the device 1000 includes hardware components for interconnecting with one or more loads and / or with other devices or nodes connected downstream from the power meter. It will be understood that the device 1000 may be a device separate from a meter used by the network to measure and change the power supplied by the network. There may be many 1000 devices that connect to a single network meter.
The device 1000 includes the charging interface 1020. The charging interface 1020 provides hardware elements for interconnecting with devices connected downstream. The device 1000 monitors the power consumption of the devices connected downstream. In one embodiment, the device 1000 includes the voltage detection hardware 1024 and the current detection hardware 1022. The current detection hardware 1022 can measure the current used by the loads and can include hardware capable of measuring the harmonic components of the power demand. The current detection 1022 may include magnitude, offset (for example, power factor), frequency and / or other electrical properties of a current used by a load or group of charges. In one embodiment, the device 1000 can generate energy signals and compare the calculations of said energy signals with the stored energy signals. The device 1000 can also store the new calculated energy signals. The voltage detection hardware 1024 can measure a voltage, including phase, frequency, magnitude and / or other electrical property of the voltage waveform.
The processor 1010 represents the control logic or a controller of the device 1000. The processor 1010 can be configured or programmed to perform power monitoring. The processor 1010 can be configured to perform calculations in order to calculate the energy signals and / or compare the current and voltage readings with the energy signals. In one embodiment, the processor 1010 determines how the current can be adjusted to compensate for harmonics. , a network condition or other condition for the PCC to comply with the standards, and / or to offer support to compensate for a failure in another control node. The processor 1010 can perform functions and may include hardware and / or control logic to track the power consumption of the electricity network segment below the device 1000, and determines how to make the compensation so that the local network segment Electric below meets the standards. Although not shown, the measuring device 1000 works together with a power converter in order to supply the necessary reactive power indicated by the supervision.
The device 1000 includes the external I / O 1040 in order to allow the device 1000 to connect to other measuring devices or control nodes, and to connect to an information center or other central information device. In one embodiment, the external I / O 1040 allows the device 1000 to connect to the network administration of a traditional electric power distribution network of a public service company. In one embodiment, external I / O 1040 allows device 1000 to send or receive data from a central information center. The external I / O 1040 can receive information from the exchange for the device 1000. The external I / O 1040 can include any type of communication interface, including the known wired and / or wireless communication mechanisms. In one embodiment, the external I / O 1040 includes client and / or proprietary communication mechanisms, which may include wired or wireless communication platforms, including hardware and software stacks or other processing logic in order to send and receive the comunications.
The network interface 1050 represents the hardware that allows the device 1000 to connect to the electrical network. In one embodiment, network interface 1050 allows device 1000 to determine a network condition in the PCC corresponding to device 1000. In one embodiment, network interface 1050 represents the hardware that allows device 1000 to connect to a source of local energy In one embodiment, the network interface 1050 and / or another interface of the device 1000 allows the device 1000 to determine what type of power support (how much) can be supplied from the devices connected downstream. For example, device 1000 can determine how much energy the local energy source / s is producing. The power converter adjusts the interface with the network in the PCC to adjust its operation, including the comment waveform that appears in the PCC.
In one embodiment, the device 1000 includes storage resources, for example, memory and / or hard drives or solid state storage. The storage 1030 represents the memory resources of the device 1000. In one embodiment, the device 1000 stores several signals 1032 that will be used to monitor and control the loads. In one embodiment, each signal 1032 is a complex current vector that represents a condition of a current waveform used by several charges. In one embodiment, the processor 1010 can generate and store the signal 1032. In one embodiment, the signals 1032 are preloaded on the device 1000. In one embodiment, the processor 1010 calculates the information of the composite current waveforms to compare with 1032 signals. Depending on the balance with the signals, the processor 1010 can calculate the shape and phase of the current waveform that are desired for a given load context (power demand) and / or for a power generation context.
In one embodiment, processor 1010 has access to one or more elements of compliance information 1034. In one embodiment, compliance information 1034 is stored in storage 1030. In one embodiment, compliance information 1034 is received through 1040 external I / O. In one embodiment, processor 1010 calculates the shape and phase of a desired current waveform for a context of a given power demand and / or for a power generation context, based on compliance information 1034. Thus, the compliance information 1034 can influence the operation of the device 1000. In one embodiment, the external I / O 1040 allows the device 1000 to be connected to a corresponding converter or converters. Based on the calculations made by the 1010 processor, the device can send a signal to the converter to indicate how to operate in order to achieve the desired current. In one embodiment, the device 1000 simply tells the converter the desired current, and this in turn can then calculate separately how to generate the current. In one embodiment, the device 1000 calculates specific parameters, such as the input to a converter device, so that the device adjusts its operation for the desired current waveform in the PCC.
In one embodiment, the measuring device 1000 is compatible with the position knowledge, in accordance with the position knowledge mentioned above. Thanks to position knowledge, in one embodiment, the processor 1010 can determine its location. Thus, based on the conditions measured or received for the network interface 1050, the processor 1010 can calculate the necessary reactive power based on the location detection. External I / O 1040 can send a signal to the corresponding converter (s) so that it generates the power. The device 1000 can detect and determine whether it will provide upstream voltage support to the generator or to the central administration of the power grid by making the control node in the PCC offer negative or delayed phase reactive power support. The device 1000 can detect and determine whether it will provide downstream voltage support in the opposite direction to the generator or to the central administration of the power grid by making the control node in the PCC offer positive or advanced phase reactive power support. It will be understood that advanced phase support refers to a current waveform with advanced phase in relation to a network AC voltage. Similarly, delayed phase support refers to a current waveform with delayed phase in relation to a network AC voltage.
Figure 11 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process for monitoring different energy signals describing complex current vectors. In one embodiment, for the process 1100 to monitor different energy signals, it includes operation performed by an embodiment of a measuring device and / or by a power converter. In one embodiment the meter measures the current used by one or more loads, including the harmonic determination of the main current, 1102. In one embodiment, the meter measures the energy instead of the power (Wh). As mentioned earlier, harmonics can have an angular displacement relative to the main current and, therefore, create a complex current vector.
In one embodiment, the meter generates an energy signal for the load or loads or for the condition of the load that is exclusive to the load, 1104. In one embodiment, the meter stores the energy signal to subsequently analyze the energy consumption. in the system. In one embodiment, the meter generates the energy signal to compare with the stored energy signals in order to determine what loads the system exists. In one embodiment, the energy signals are stored temporarily and are used to dynamically generate a compensation current. The compensation current can be generated dynamically or on the fly with calculations, and / or it can be generated based on the stored information.
In one embodiment, the meter identifies the main current and harmonics 1106. In one embodiment, as a practical solution, the system can use a voltage from the electrical network in which it is connected and simply measure a composite current with angular displacement relative to the plane of reference, without having to identify specifically and separately each one of the harmonics and the main current. In one embodiment, the meter measures a composite current, which may indicate the main comment and harmonics. The meter sends commands to a converter to make the converter configure an interface with the mains to make the settings for the measured composite current and / or the main current and the measured harmonics, if measured separately, 1108. In one embodiment, the converter changes an interface with respect to the load / s in order to modify how power is supplied to the load / s. In one embodiment, the converter changes an interface with the power grid to modify how the power of the power grid is returned and / or used.
In one embodiment, the meter can obtain information from the exchange, 1110. In one embodiment, the power grid can obtain information from the exchange, for example, when the central administration or an information center sends information to the local control node. In one embodiment, the control panel information can be obtained by measuring the conditions of the power grid through the meter. In one embodiment, the meter identifies a reactive power component for a local load, 1112. The reactive power component may be an amount of reactive power necessary for the operation of the local load. In one embodiment, the meter can control or send commands to a controller to change operation by changing an interface with the mains and / or loads. The interface change may include changing the frequency, a reactive power component, an active power component and / or another aspect of the electrical interface with the network through the PCC. Thus, the converter can control the noise contribution of the load related to the harmonics as seen in the PCC by adjusting the operation to compensate for the harmonic distortion generated by the reactive component of the load / s, 1114.
Figure 12 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process for supplying the power requirements at a common coupling point depending on the monitored energy signals at the common coupling point. In one embodiment, for the process 1200 to supply the energy requirements in the PCC based on the monitoring of the energy signal, it includes functions performed by an embodiment of a measuring device and / or a power converter. Although © I process 1200 refers to the supervision of energy signals, it will be understood that the energy signals may refer to monitoring the operation of the network in the PCC and the demand and power generation of the connected loads and devices downstream from the PCC. The PCC can be a gateway PCC. The PCC can be at any level of the hierarchy within the electricity grid. Supervision may include any determination that causes a PCC control node to change a PCC interface in order to provide specific power requirements in the PCC. In a particular embodiment, process 1200 incorporates any implementation in which downstream devices include the ability to generate power. In one embodiment, process 1200 incorporates any implementation in which a converter can modify the
<img file="MX367249B_D0009.tif" />
reactive power consumption and / or convert active power to reactive power to be consumed by the load / s. The charges may include other nodes or levels of the power grid hierarchy downstream from the PCC in which the operations are performed.
In one embodiment, the meter or control node may obtain information from the exchange, 1202. In one embodiment, the information from the exchange may be obtained from the power grid itself, for example, when the central administration or an information center sends information to the local control node. In one embodiment, the information from the plant can be obtained by measuring the conditions of the power grid through the meter. In one embodiment, the meter identifies a unique energy signal for a local load, 1204. The energy signal may be an embodiment of an energy signal referred to herein. The energy signal identification may be in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In one embodiment, the meter identifies an energy signal from one or more devices or elements downstream from the PCC. Just as a meter can monitor energy signals from individual loads at a hierarchy level directly connected to a consumer, a hierarchy level that connects to different PCCs can identify energy signals from the various control nodes listed below.
In one embodiment, the meter identifies a main current and harmonics of the load based on the energy signal, 1206. In one embodiment, the identification includes separately identifying the main current and one or more harmonics. In one embodiment, identification includes identifying a compound current. In one embodiment, the meter can control or send commands to a controller to change operation by changing an interface with the mains and / or loads. The interface change may include changing the frequency, a reactive power component, an active power component and / or another aspect of the electrical interface with the network through the PCC. Thus, the converter can control the noise contribution of the load related to the harmonics as seen in the PCC by adjusting the operation to compensate for the harmonic distortion generated by the reactive component of the load / s, for example, with base in energy signal 1208.
In one embodiment, obtaining the information from the plant includes receiving information that indicates that a node in the electricity distribution network of a utility company requires voltage support. In one embodiment, the control node, including the measuring device and the converter, can obtain information from the panel indicating that it is required to offer support to the power grid, and the meter can determine the location of its control node with respect to to the node of the electricity network that requires support. In one embodiment, the control node determines that the PCC is downstream in the electric power distribution network of a public utility company in relation to the node of the electric power distribution network of a public service company that Requires tension support. In one embodiment, the control node determines that the PCC is upstream in the electric power distribution network of a public utility company in relation to the node of the electric power distribution network of a public service company that Requires tension support. The converter can supply positive or negative reactive power to offer network support.
Figure 13 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process for adjusting the active / reactive power consumption at a common coupling point. In one embodiment, for the process 1300 to offer support to the network from the PCC, it includes operation performed by an embodiment of a measuring device and / or by a power converter. In one embodiment, process 1300 can be applied to the power used by a local load. In one embodiment, process 1300 can be applied to the power used by any element downstream from the PCC, which may include several loads and / or several nodes or other devices.
In one embodiment, a meter measures the energy supplied by an electrical network in a PCC, 1302. The electrical network may be an electrical energy distribution network of a public utility or any other electrical network as described herein. In one embodiment, the meter measures the reactive power component of the load in response to the control information received by the measuring device from a mains controller. The controller may include the central administration of the network of an electric power distribution network of a public service company and / or may include an information center of an electrical network. In one embodiment, based on the measurements © I meter determines that the load uses reactive power from the power grid, 1304. In one embodiment, determining that the load uses reactive power includes identifying a unique energy signal for the load. In one embodiment, in addition to determining that the load uses reactive power, the meter can determine what type of reactive power the load uses, for example, advanced or delayed reactive power.
In one embodiment, a meter controls a converter to change an interface in order to use active power from the power grid, 1306. The converter can now change the active power used from the power grid to reactive power for use by the load. , 1308. The converter can convert the active power to the type of reactive power (for example, advanced or delayed) that the load needs. In one embodiment, the converter uses some active power and some reactive power from the power grid. In one embodiment, the converter uses only active power from the mains and supplies all the reactive power needs of the load by converting the active power into reactive power.
Although the example described in process 1300 refers specifically to the active power used from the power grid and to the reactive power supplied, it will be understood that if there were favorable conditions under which it would be preferred to use reactive power from the network, the converter could use power reactive network to convert it to reactive and / or active power for the load or loads. In general, the meter can measure the reactive and active power needs of a load or loads. In response to the measurements, the converter can operate to use the power available in the PCC and to supply any necessary power downstream of the PCC.
Figure 14 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process to offer dynamic support to the network, which may include support for network saturation. In one embodiment, for the process 1400 to provide dynamic control of an electrical network includes operation performed by an embodiment of a measuring device and / or by a power converter. In one embodiment, a segment of a network generates a power output, 1402. In one embodiment, the power output comes from local energy sources at the customer premises. In one embodiment, the power output comes from colony power sources that supply power, but do not have sufficient capacity to meet the peak demand of consumers in the colony.
In one embodiment, a control node determines that there is a saturation condition, 1404. In one embodiment, there is a saturation condition when the ability to generate active power from local energy sources of a segment or colony of the power grid exceeds a limit percentage of the demand for peak active power of the colony. In one embodiment, the control node receives information from the central of the central administration of the network or from an information center to indicate the saturation condition. In one embodiment, the control node receives information that other distributed control nodes of the electricity network share. The saturation limit can be set at a specific percentage as determined by the utility company, when the power grid includes a connection to an electric power distribution network of a utility company. The percentage may be, for example, 10, 15, 20 or 25 percent or some other percentage. Some networks may have the ability to support percentages of 50 percent or more.
In one embodiment, the control node determines another reason for offering dynamic control to the network, for example, a condition related to the needs of reactive power in the network and / or in the load / s, a fault condition in a node of the electricity network, a connection of the segment of the network to another segment of the network, information from the exchange requesting support from the network or other reasons. The converter can adjust the power output as seen from the colony to reduce the active power of the local source, 1406. Normally, local power sources are designed to generate active power by matching the grid voltage with a factor of power close to the unit. Instead of connecting to the network always with a power factor of the unit, the converter can determine a lag to generate reactive power. In one embodiment, the converter supplies power based on a complex current vector not only to supply reactive power, but to supply power that has an angular displacement that compensates for harmonic distortion in the PCC.
In one embodiment, a customer or colony installation may include energy storage, which may be any energy storage described herein. If there is local storage, 1408 option YES, in one embodiment, the converter can direct part or all of the power towards local energy storage, 1410. Directing power to energy storage can reduce the total active power generated at the local power source that would otherwise be sent out to the power grid. If there is no local storage, 1408 NO option, in one embodiment, the converter can determine whether a VAR or reactive power setting would improve the saturation condition or other electrical condition detected in the network, 1412.
In one embodiment, the meter and / or the converter determine that adjusting the reactive output would not improve the condition of the network, 1414 option NO. In one embodiment, if there is no local storage and VAR control would not improve the condition of the network, and no active power should be transported out to the network, the control node can disconnect power generation from the power grid, 1418, thus preventing power from being transported to the power grid. In one embodiment, the meter and / or the converter determines that adjusting the reactive power output would improve the condition of the network, 1414 option YES, the converter can modify its behavior to adjust an interface with the power grid, which may include changing a reactive power output to the mains, 1416. In one embodiment, the behavior change may include an adjustment to the relationship between active power and reactive power downstream from the PCC.
Figure 15 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that controls harmonic distortion by means of a software control subsystem of the feedback signal, connected to a hardware controller of the waveform. System 1500 includes power source 1504, load 1506 and converter 1502 to generate the output and control an interface between the source and the load. In one embodiment, converter 1502 complies with that described in US Patent Application No. 12 / 708,514, called “POWER TRANSFER ADMINISTRATION FOR LOCAL ENERGY SOURCES OF A NETWORKED LOAD” filed on February 18, 2010. In one embodiment, the power conversion may comply with US Patent Application. no. 11 / 849,242, called "SYSTEMS OF VARIOUS SOURCES AND VARIOUS LOADS WITH POWER EXTRACTION" presented on August 31, 2007. System 1500 may be an example of a system that includes a converter for a control node according to any embodiment described herein.
The power path 1510 represents the power path from the source 1504 to the load 1506, as controlled by the converter 1502. The converter 1502 includes an input power converter 1520 to receive the input power from the source 1504 and convert it to another form (for example, CC to AC). The input power converter 1520 includes hardware components to receive a power signal to be converted, and may include the appropriate power components. In one embodiment, the input power converter 1520 implements the dynamic impedance adaptation, which allows the electronic input elements to transfer the maximum power from the source 1504. Dynamic impedance adaptation includes constant monitoring of a maximum power point and control of an input power connection (for example, a transformer) in order to keep the power slope as flat as possible (for example, a slope of zero). The input power converter 1520 can receive signals or control information from the controller 1530 and provide information on the operation of the converter. In one embodiment, the dynamic impedance adaptation includes switching high frequencies of the input power through a transformer or inductor to change an internal node of the converter 1502. The internal node can then function as a reserve of energy for the High frequency switching of an output through another transformer or inductor to allow a load to use the power it requires. Thus, the input power converter 1520 can provide unregulated energy transfer from an input to an output.
Advance feeding of input 1512 provides the controller 1530 with information on the source energy (for example, the maximum power value; the frequency, as appropriate: or other information for controlling the hardware of the input power converter). The controller 1530 controls the input power converter 1520 according to the input information of the input power. Controller 1530 represents any type of processor controller that can be incorporated into converter 1502. Controller 1530 can be or can include any type of microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), logic matrix or other control logic. In addition, the controller 1530 may include suitable memory or storage components (eg, random access memory, read-only memory (ROM), registers and / or Flash memory) for storing code or values generated or obtained during time operation of execution or precalculated.
Controller 1530 controls the programmable waveform generator 1540 to generate the desired output waveform. The generator 1540 is also in the power path 1510 and receives the input power from the input power converter 1520 to the output.
Although the power can be transferred, it does not necessarily come out with the same waveform that is received. For example, a DC signal can be output as a sinusoidal signal. Other power conversions can be achieved in a similar way. In one embodiment, generator 1540 includes pulse width modulation (PWM) to generate an output waveform. Generator 1540 receives control signals and information from controller 1530 and can provide status and operation information or feedback to controller 1530. The output waveform may be current or voltage. In one embodiment, the output is a current that has a phase shift and angular displacement relative to a voltage waveform of a load to allow harmonic-free output.
The 1502 converter has the ability to incorporate time, phases and other frequency specific information to generate the output waveform. This time, phase and other frequency information may be referred to as "input synchronization information". In one embodiment, said input synchronization information arrives from the real-time information of the load, in which case it can be referred to as "load synchronization input". The load synchronization input or the input synchronization information indicates information necessary to determine the synchronization signal mentioned above. This information is indicated on the converter 1502 as sync. output 1514. In a system in which the output can be anticipated (for example, when connected to a power grid), certain voltage, time and other information (for example, 120V at 60 Hz) can be expected and an initial estimate can be expected program or the system can do it at startup. Based on the load synchronization information, the initial estimate can be adjusted.
The controller 1530 also measures the output feedback 1516 of the power path 1510 to determine the actual output generated by the generator 1540. The actual output is compared with an ideal reference to determine if the desired output is being generated. In one embodiment, the output feedback 1516 is an abstraction to represent the measurement of the output made by the controller 1530 and this does not include separate components. In one embodiment, output feedback 1516 includes a sampling mechanism or other information selection mechanism to make the comparison with the reference signal of the ideal. The reference signal of the ideal can be an idealized representation of a desired output waveform. The output converges on the idealized waveform instead of the target waveform of the load or the network itself. If the output feedback 1516 includes components separately from the controller 1530, it can be controlled by the controller 1530, and receive comparison information from the controller 1530 and provide error or feedback information. In one embodiment, output feedback 1516 is understood to include at least the hardware components necessary to interconnect a feedback control process with the output lines. Additionally, output feedback 1516 may include other hardware elements to perform measurements, calculations and / or processing.
Both the sync. output 1514 and output feedback 1516 can be considered feedback circuits. It will be understood that the sync. Output 1514 and output feedback 1516 are not the same and have different purposes. The sync Output 1514 indicates how the ideal reference signal should look, as stored in Table 1532 of the reference waveform. Output feedback 1516 indicates the variation of the actual output compared to the reference signal. Update table 1534 represents the information generated in response to output feedback 1516. In one embodiment, the sync. Output 1514 is based on the output voltage information of the power path 1510, on the contrary, the output feedback 1516 is based on the output current generated at the output of the power path 1510.
Based on the sync. output 1514 (or based on an initial estimate of the output sync), converter 1502 stores and / or generates table 1532 of the reference waveform, which represents an ideal shape of the output waveform desired that the generator 1540 should generate. Table 1532 of the reference waveform can be stored as a table or other set of points (or reference points) that reflect how "output waveform 5" should look. The reference waveform can be any periodic waveform. In one embodiment, the reference waveform is represented as a series of points that have an amplitude and a position. Therefore, convergence in the reference waveform may include controlling an output waveform generator to match the output points 10 mastered to the reference points representing the reference waveform. Alternatively, table 1532 of the reference waveform can be referred to as a reference waveform source.
Based on the output feedback 1516, the converter 1502 generates the update table 1534. The update table 1534 includes 15 inputs or points indicating how to modify the operation of the generator 1540 in order to provide an output that more closely matches the shape waveform of table 1532 of the reference waveform. Although it is mentioned as a table, the update table 1534 may be a stored table that is modified at certain intervals (for example, each entry is updated as necessary to reflect the measured error data) or may be generated again in each update interval Alternatively, reference to update table 1534 can be referred to as a source of update information. The "updates" may be modifications of old values, the replacement of values or may be stored in different locations in a memory to which the 1530 controller has access. In one embodiment, for each of a set of points, each value of the update table 1534 indicates "up," down "or unchanged. These values are applied to the hardware that controls the output of the 1540 generator to make the output signal converge on the ideal waveform desired.
From a perspective, the converter 1502 can be considered to have five functions or components. Although these functions are described in the 1500 system through certain block diagrams, it will be understood that different configurations and a variety of different components can be used to implement one or more of these functions. To argue, and not by way of limitation, these functions are described below with references such as "Function 1", "Function 2", and so on. It will be understood that said convention is simply an abbreviated form to refer to the subject matter of the described function or component, and does not necessarily indicate any order or relevance.
Function 1 may include means for incorporating specific information of time, phases or other frequency information. The means include hardware and / or software to generate and receive the synchronization input information or the synchronization input of the load referred to above, which is based on the sync. Departure 1514. Function 2 includes table 1532 of the reference waveform, which may include a data table or an equation within a software that represents the ideal form of the output waveform 1508. Function 3 includes the 1530 controller , which may be or may include a software algorithm that compares the actual output waveform generated by the generator 1540 with the ideal tabular representation as shown in Table 1532 of the reference waveform. Function 4 includes an algorithm within the controller 1530 that calculates or otherwise selects and generates the update information represented in the update table 1534. Function 5 includes the generator 1540 that uses the update information of the update table 1534 to generate the output waveform 1508 with the desired shape, proportion, time and phase.
In relation to Function 1, the specific time, phase and other frequency information provides synchronization information to the comparison and update algorithms of the 1530 controller. The information may come from a table, equation, sample © of the signals monitored in real time by means of hardware or another source.
In relation to Function 2, the information representing the reference waveform can be of any size and of any format, whole or non-integer, if it is within a table. Said table can be generated dynamically during runtime or can be rigidly coded during compilation time. The ideal shape of the represented waveform can be sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal. The waveform may be represented with data values regularly spaced or not regularly spaced in time, forward or backward in time or with any combination. Alternatively, the waveform could be represented with frequency values, and could be organized in any way. The data may be compressed or uncompressed. The data can be represented by an equation instead of calculated data reference points, or partly by an equation and partly by a table. In one embodiment, the reference points stored in a table are the calculated results of an equation. The data can be modified during processing during runtime to change the shape of the ideal waveform to a different ideal. The values in table 1532 of the reference waveform can be modified or replaced with different values if they are modified during runtime. The data may be aligned so that they are in exact phase with the input waveform or may be outdated.
In relation to Function 3, the 1530 controller can include any traditional or standard comparison algorithm. A control algorithm compares the data values that represent the output waveform, sampled by means of hardware and transformed into software data values by means of standard or non-standard mastering techniques. In one embodiment, the controller compares the reference points of the ideal of the table or the calculations of the equation with the synchronization information, point by point, and generates error information, point by point. In one embodiment, the controller can process several points at once instead of point by point.
In relation to Function 4, controller 1530 includes a selection algorithm that creates or generates new data by means of any standard or non-standard technique. In one embodiment, the selection algorithm includes performing calculations. Alternatively, the selection algorithm can simply select data without processing or without calculations. The selection algorithm can replace data values in a reference point table, or leave the data values in the table when preferring to use another storage area. The selection algorithm can transform the data from time to frequency and vice versa as part of its selection process. The algorithm provides an error update mechanism (for example, algorithm) since it identifies data values that will correct the output waveform when applied. Thus, after the application of the data values, the output waveform looks more like the waveform of the ideal that is preferred.
In relation to Function 5, the new data values represented by update table 1534 are applied to the hardware in generator 1540 through standard processes to control the generation of the output waveform. In one embodiment, the new data values are applied through a pulse width modulation mechanism (PWM) or through any other mechanism that transforms discrete data values into an analog output form.
Figure 16 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a system that transfers the power from a local source to a load connected to the network with power factor conditioning. The 1600 system illustrates a converter connected to the network that connects to a power source, a load and the network. The converter 1620 of the system 1600 represents a converter for a control node, which can be according to any embodiment described herein. The system 1600 represents a power system that includes the metastable power source 1610, the converter 1620, the load 1602 and the electric power distribution network of a public utility 1630, The load 1602 represents a consumer connected to the network 1630. Network 1630 may be an embodiment of an electrical network described herein. The metastable source 1610 (for example, solar cells / panels, wind generator or other source of ecological energy or variable production) and the converter 1620 are local for load 1602, being on the same side of a PCC, and supply power to the load In one embodiment, the metastable source 1610 produces a variable / unstable DC power source. The source can be of time-varying production and / or availability of changing power due to ambient conditions. The 1620 converter represents a dynamic power extraction and inversion equipment.
The 1610 source is a variable or unstable energy source. The 1600 system includes the 1620 converter, which includes the 1622 DC / DC converter, connected to the 1624 DC / AC inverter, both connected to, and controlled by the 1640 controller (CPU). Additionally, the S1626 switching device (by For example, a relay) selectively connects the inverter to load 1602 and network 1630. Under normal operating conditions, the DC power is obtained from the source 1610 and the converter 1620 dynamically extracts, inverts and processes it in order to produce the maximum AC current relatively without harmonic distortion and without variability, and in a desired phase in relation to an AC voltage signal of the 1630 network. Putting the AC current in phase with the AC voltage of the network produces AC power with a power factor near or in the unit in relation to the load 1602, which means that all the reactive power used by the load It comes from the 1630 network. If the source 1610 produces enough energy to meet the active power requirements of the load 1602, the converter can make the only AC power that the load uses from the 1630 network exclusively or almost exclusively reactive power. When the source 1610 is unable to produce enough DC power to fully meet the power demand of the load 1602, the converter 1620 can adjust an interface to allow active power to flow from the network 1630 to the load 1602.
In one embodiment, the converter 1620 can intentionally generate AC current out of phase to some extent in relation to the AC voltage signal of the network. Thus, the only converter 1620 can supply power at any desired power factor to compensate for the power conditions in the power grid 1630. In one embodiment, several 1620 converters can operate in parallel on the same interface, and each can generate power with the same power factor, or each can be dynamically configured to generate different combinations of active and reactive power.
When the power source 1610 generates enough power to satisfy the load 1602, the inverter current and the network current will flow to the network 1630. In general, the power can be returned to the network, and the consumer can be adequately compensated by the power supplied to the network. In one embodiment, a return context may include supplying power to a consumer in a colony, in accordance with any embodiment described herein.
In one embodiment, the power meter 1632 represents a meter for measuring active power consumed by the load 1602. In one embodiment, the VAR meter 1634 represents a meter for measuring the reactive power consumed by the load 1602. In one embodiment, the 1632 power meter and the 1634 VAR meter can be combined physically and / or functionally through a meter. The meter can be on the side of the 1630 network. In one embodiment, the meter (combination of meters 1632 and 1634) is located together with a PCC to connect to the network and is part of a control node with the converter 1620. Said meter may be in accordance with any embodiment described in the present. In one embodiment, the meter 1632 generally measures the voltage and current and calculates the power from those measurements. It will be understood that in the case that only reactive power is used from the network 1630, the power meter 1632 will not measure any power consumption that is carried out by the load 1602. The VAR meter 1634 can measure and calculate the reactive power used, by For example, when measuring the phase of the current and the voltage of the power of the network in the load, and making calculations based on the measured values.
As mentioned above, in one embodiment, the power factor supplied by the converter 1620 to the load 1602 is, or is close to, 1.0 in relation to the network 1630. Thus, the converter 1620 can perform power factor correction. . In one embodiment, converter 1620 can provide correction of harmonic distortion. In one embodiment, the converter 1620 provides harmonic distortion correction according to a table. Prior harmonic distortion techniques use a hardware method or a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) method. The method based on a table implemented in a processor or controller reduces the cost per inverter and can be expanded more easily than typical implementations by means of hardware, and can be in accordance with what is described for the 1500 system.
The inverter 1624 of the converter 1620 generates an output according to a desired power factor (of the unit or a different one). In one embodiment, the inverter 1634 monitors the operating conditions at the point of connection to the load 1602 and supplies the maximum power from the source 1610 dynamically and in real time with changes in the power source and the current load. . Thus, if the amount of energy generated by the source 1610 changes, the converter 1620 can modify the output based on said source in real time. In addition, if the resistive conditions of the load 1602 change (for example, if an induction motor such as that of a vacuum cleaner is started), the converter can automatically generate changes to the power output to track the needs of the load. All these changes can be made in real time as conditions change. In one embodiment, the converter 1620 can provide output settings that offer full control of harmonic distortion for harmonic distortion, more efficiently than standards require, and thus comply with standards and improve system performance when adjusted. dynamically to variable and unstable energy sources, and a changing load.
It will be understood that if the voltage and the output current of the converter 1620 have the same phase in relation to each other and to the network voltage (for example, through a phase-synchronized circuit or through a mechanism of mastering and power generation feedback), all the necessary reactive power will be obtained from the network. The more active power supplied by the source 1610, the greater the phase and the current lag of the locative network in load 1602. If all locally active power is supplied, the current and voltage of the network will be out of phase 90 degrees locally on load 1602, which will cause the active power contribution of the network to fall to 0 (remember that Preal = (Vmax * lmax / 2) cos (Vphase-lphase)).
In one embodiment, the DC to DC converter 1622 of the power converter 1620 includes an input part and an output part, as represented by the broken line that separates the device into two parts. The part connected to the source 1610 can be referred to as the input part, and the part connected to the DC to AC inverter 1624 can be referred to as the output part. In one embodiment, the operation of the converter 1622 is to modify the input impedance and the output impedance to transfer power from the source 1610 to the inverter 1624. In one embodiment, the converter 1622 can be referred to as a power extractor.
The converter 1622 can match the impedance in order to change the input interface to maximize the transfer of energy from the source 1610 without setting the voltage or current to specific values. Instead, the input may allow the power to float at any voltage produced by source 1610, and the comment will match it depending on the total power being produced. Similarly, at the output, the converter 1622 will match the impedance in order to change the interface of the output to allow the load (in this case, the inverter 1624) to use whatever power is necessary at any voltage to which it is Operating the inverter. Thus, the output of the converter 1622 can float to equalize the voltage of the inverter 1624 and generate current to equalize the total power. The converter 1622 can generate an output current waveform, in which the magnitude is determined by how much energy is already available to the voltage of the inverter 1624. Thus, the output floats to equalize the load and is not fixed as to current or tension. An internal node within the converter 1622 can function as an energy store, in which equalization of the input impedance allows efficient loading of the internal node, and equalization of the output impedance allows the load to use energy from the internal node . Both the input and the output are connected to the internal node through inductors and / or transformers to isolate the input and output from each other and the internal node.
The 1640 controller can monitor the AC current. that leaves the DC / AC inverter 1624 and the voltage generated from the network 1630, which appears along the load 1602. The controller 1640 controls at least one electrical parameter of the interfaces of the converter 1622 to control its operation. Parameters 1642 and / or 1644 represent the control performed by the controller 1640 to control the operation of the converter 1622 within the converter 1620. In one embodiment, parameters 1642 and / or 1624 may be a duty cycle of a switching signal of the power extraction, which changes the equalization of the input and / or output impedance, which in turn controls the loading and unloading of the internal node. The modification of each parameter may depend on the quality of the current and the voltage monitored. The controller 1640 also controls the switching device S1626 to connect the load to the power produced (by the converter 1622 and the inverter 1624 of the source 1610) when there is adequately conditioned power available for use by load 1602.
In one embodiment, converter 1620 includes tables 1650, which provide a method based on a table for controlling the power factor in order to adjust the operation of converter 1620 to generate reactive power as desired. The tables may include inputs that are obtained depending on the input conditions measured from the system to achieve the desired mixture of active and reactive power. Feedback from the node connected to the network may include information about zero crossing of voltage, voltage amplitude and current waveform. With such information, the controller 1640 uses the tables 1650 to adjust the operation of the converter 1622 and / or the inverter 1624. The tables may include reference points that provide the idealized output signals that the system attempts to create. By matching the output performance with an idealized representation of the input power, it is possible to obtain a better system performance than simply trying to filter and adjust the output in some traditional way.
In one embodiment, the system 1600 can be used without a specific power source 1610. For example, converter 1620 can be connected to receive power from network 1630 and generate an output for load 1602 that supplies any mixture of active and reactive power that load 1602 needs. In one embodiment, converter 1622 can be adjusted so that Receive an AC entry. In one embodiment, a connection to converter 1622 can be configured with hardware to generate DC power from the network, such as an AC to DC converter. However, it will be understood that such conversion may cause some inefficiency. In one embodiment, the converter 1622 may be impregnated with an input transformer that will allow the connection between the network power and the internal node.
Figure 17 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a node for a distributed electricity distribution network. Node 1700 represents a control node and can be an example of a control node according to any embodiment described herein. Node 1700 includes several hardware elements to allow its operation. In general, the hardware can be described as the processor 1710, the power distribution hardware 1720 and the power monitoring hardware 1730. Each of these elements may include specific types and functionality of hardware, some of which may be represented by means of other elements of Figure 17.
The processor 1710 represents one or more controllers or processors within node 1700. In one embodiment, node 1700 includes a power meter, a power converter and control hardware to interconnect the two elements and connect them to the network. In one embodiment, each element separately includes a controller, such as a controller within a measuring device and a controller within the power converter. The power converter may include a power extraction controller, an inverter controller and another controller to manage them. Thus, controller 1710 can represent several controllers or control logic elements that allow control node 1700 to monitor and supply power.
The 1710 processor manages and controls the operation of the hardware within node 1700, including any hardware mentioned above. The processor 1710 may become operational to provide modern network intelligence (MGi) for node 1700. In one embodiment, processor 1710 executes logic to provide at least some of the functions described in relation to node 1710. To the extent that the described functions are supplied by hardware, it can be considered that the processor 1710 is a controller for controlling the operation of the hardware. In one embodiment, processor 1710 executes a control node operating system for node 1700. In one embodiment, the operating system is MGIOS (intelligent operating system for modern networks): Grid Intelligent Operating System Modero. MGIOS can provide capabilities and benefits, including at least some of the following.
MGIOS can offer computer support and general control over the operation of node 1700. In one embodiment, MGIOS allows the node to collect information and make decisions to send information outside the node. In one embodiment, MGIOS may use the information to control the local system, such as local elements connected to the same side of a PCC. In one embodiment, MGIOS also sends information for use by external elements, for example, an administrator of a public service company and / or other nodes in the electrical network.
In one embodiment, MGIOS controls the exchange information function for node 1700. This exchange information function may include providing and receiving information, and especially alerts, used to determine how to distribute the power. In one embodiment, MGIOS can activate the information function of the autonomous central, which allows the nodes of the electricity network to share information between them that controls the operation of the network. The information function of the autonomous exchange refers to the fact that it is not necessary to have a central operator of the network to generate or distribute the information of the exchange.
In one embodiment, MGIOS allows the control function. The control can be done by a person or it can be through the cloud and / or through automated control logic. In one embodiment, MGIOS allows node 1700 to function independently as an independent node and / or work in conjunction with other control nodes in an electrical network. The independent operation of each one can allow the distributed network to operate without a power plant and / or with minimal central network administration.
In one embodiment. MGIOS can activate autonomous start operation (black start). Autonomous boot operation is when node 1700 can restore its network segment when it is de-energized. Such operation may occur autonomously from the central network administration, for example, for each node 1700 of an electrical network that independently monitors the conditions upstream and downstream along the electricity grid. Thus, node 1700 can be energized when conditions permit, without having to wait for a network operator to control the distribution of energy downstream to the node. Thus, node 1700 can intelligently restore its node segment by controlling the flow of power to and from the network, and can thus avoid starting problems.
In one embodiment, modern network intelligence allows node 1700 to supply several line voltages. In one embodiment, the network interface 1780, which can be by means of the control logic of the processor 1710, can be configured for several different switching point voltages. Each switching point voltage can offer a different control event. Each control event can cause the processor 1710 to perform control functions to adjust an interface of the control node. The interface can be with a load and / or with the power grid.
In one embodiment, modern network intelligence can economize interconnections within the power grid. In one embodiment, node 1700 controls the return flow to the power grid by limiting the return flow and / or adjusting the output to change the type of power that is presented to the network. In one embodiment, node 1700 provides control functions of a public service company that is traditionally performed by the network administration of a public service company that controls the flow of power from a power plant. Node 1700 can provide the network control functions to allow a distributed power network.
The power distribution hardware 1720 includes transmission lines, connectors, phase-synchronized circuits, error correction circuits, protection or isolation of interfaces, such as transformers and / or other hardware that allows the control node to transfer energy from a point to another, in order to control interfaces to control how power flows in the network, or other functions. In one embodiment, a power converter may be included in a power distribution hardware. A power converter can be an intelligent inverter or microinverter and can be in accordance with what is described in relation to the 1500 and 1600 systems.
The power monitoring hardware 1730 includes connectors, signal lines, sampling hardware, feedback circuits, computational hardware and / or other hardware that allows the control node to monitor one or more network conditions and / or network conditions. load. The network conditions may be or include voltage levels, phases, frequencies and other parameters of the network operation. The load conditions may be or include voltage, current, phase, frequency and other parameters of the power demand of the loads.
In one embodiment, node 1700 includes network control 1740. The network control represents hardware and logic (eg, logic by means of software / firmware, configurations) to control an interface with the power grid. In one embodiment, the network interface 1780 represents electrical network interfaces. The network control 1740 may include the active power control 1742 and the reactive power control 1744. The active and reactive power control may be in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In one embodiment, the active power control 1742 includes logic (by means of hardware and / or software) to supply active power to the network. In one embodiment, the reactive power control 1744 includes logic to supply reactive power to the network. Providing power to the network may include changing an interface to make the desired type and mixture power flow to the network.
In one embodiment, node 1700 includes local control 1750. Local control represents hardware and logic (eg, logic via software / hardware, configurations) to control an interface with the load or with downstream elements from a connected PCC to the power grid. Local control 1750 may include active power control 1752 and reactive power control 1754. The active and reactive power control may be in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In one embodiment, the active power control 1752 includes logic (by means of hardware and / or software) to supply active power to a load. In one embodiment, the reactive power control 1754 includes logic for supplying reactive power to a load. Providing power to the load may include changing an interface to make the desired power and type of mixture flow from the local energy source and / or from the network to the load.
It will be understood that an electric power distribution network of a public service company has tariff structures based not only on the amount of use but also on the hours of use. For example, a network of a public service company may have different levels of rates. In one embodiment, processor 1710 includes information on the tariff structure that allows it to include information on the tariff structure when calculating how to change an interface with the control network 1740 and / or with the local control 1750. The inclusion of the Rate structure information may include determining what type of power (active or reactive) has more value in a given context. Thus, processor 1710 can maximize the value of energy production and / or minimize the cost of energy consumption. In an implementation in which there are tariff structures of different levels, the processor 1710 can send instructions to the network control 1740 and / or to the local control 1750 based on how to keep consumption at the lowest possible level and supply power in the highest possible rate. In one embodiment, the processor 1710 considers the requirements of a utility company or the power grid when controlling the operation of the network control 1740 and / or the local control 1750. For example, the network may have rationing or other conditions that they affect how power should be supplied and / or used. In one embodiment, node 1700 can adjust the power output while the loads are connected or disconnected from the network dynamically. For example, local control 1750 can reduce the output when the loads are disconnected and can increase the output when the loads are connected to the network.
The meter 1760 represents the measurement capacity of node 1700 and may include a meter in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In one embodiment, the meter 1760 may include the load control meter 1762. The load control 1762 may include logic to monitor the power demand of the load. In one embodiment, the meter 1760 may include the signal manager 1764. Signal Manager 1764 includes logic to create, store and use energy signals when monitoring what happens to loads. More specifically, the signal manager 1764 can administer the energy signals including the complex current vectors according to any embodiment described herein.
Traditionally, the use of a net energy meter was required to connect to the network. However, the latest rules may prohibit connections to the network unless certain capabilities are met. The meter 1760 may allow node 1700 to control an inverter or converter to respond to specific loads and / or specific energy signals identified in the line. Based on what the meter 1760 detects, node 1700 can offer real-time control over energy production and load consumption.
In one embodiment, node 1700 includes data interface 1770. In one embodiment, data interface 1770 includes data manager 1772 to control the data that will be sent to an information center or to data management, and received data from the information center or from data management. The 1772 data manager can collect data by sending a request to the information center or a similar data source. In one embodiment, the data interface 1770 includes the external administrator 1774, which can administer the interface with an information center, with the central administration of the network, with other nodes in the electrical network and / or with other data sources. In one embodiment, data manager 1772 receives data in response to sending data from a data source. In one embodiment, external administrator 1774 makes a request for data from a data source. The request can be in accordance with any number of standard and / or patented communication protocols. The medium for communication can be any medium that connects node 1700 with the data source for communications. In one embodiment, external administrator 1774 communicates with a data source at regular intervals. In one embodiment, the external administrator 1774 communicates with the data source in response to an event, for example, when more data is available, either by receiving an indication that more data is available, or when the data manager 1772 indicates that local data is ready to be sent. Data interface 1770 can allow real-time data to be used for the market. In one embodiment, data interface 1770 offers data collection, which can be used in one embodiment to identify energy signals in currents.
In one embodiment, node 1700 includes the network interface 1780. In one embodiment, the network interface 1780 includes the interface with a public service company 1782 for connecting to a network of a public service company. In one embodiment, network interface 1780 includes virtual interface 1784 for connecting to a distributed electrical network. The operation of the network interface can be referred to as modern network intelligence (MGI), referring to MGIOS running on the 1710 processor. The 1780 network interface can include any type of interface that connects node 1700 to the network infrastructure, be it a traditional network infrastructure of a public service company and / or distributed power networks. In one embodiment, network interface 1780 may allow node 1700 to know the power address. In one embodiment, the power grid supplies information from the plant, for example, it provides a signal from a rush to indicate the power direction. Node 1700 can manage its operation based on the direction of power flow in the power grid. The network interface 1780 can also dynamically monitor changes in the direction of power flow.
In one embodiment, MGIOS allows node 1700 to adjust the operation of one or more elements connected downstream from a PCC to reduce network operation. Consider the example of air conditioners connected downstream from a PCC. In one embodiment, MGIOS can detect that a power grid is experiencing high loads and may determine to reduce the operation of all air conditioners in order to relieve the network from 5 to 10 minutes. Therefore, the devices do not need to stop, and the network does not have to disconnect power to any segment. Instead, the power can be reduced for a period of time to certain loads to allow the network to recover on its own. Thus, MGIOS can control the load and / or sources. This operation can reduce or avoid voltage decreases or continuous power interruptions, for example, by reducing the power demand instead of disconnecting the power supply completely.
It will be understood that node 1700 requires a certain amount of power to operate. The power absorbed by node 1700 can be referred to as a loss in vacuum, which indicates how much power the control devices absorb when the node is not generating power. In one embodiment, node 1700 includes a standby state function to reduce the loss in a vacuum. For example, a node that controls a metastable energy source, for example a solar source, can enter standby mode when there is no sun and can be reactivated when the sun rises. In one embodiment, the node can by default enter a low power state and reactivate in response to a signal from a solar detector, a power via Ethernet or some other trigger signal that reactivates it. In one embodiment, a node can be reactivated during a standby cycle at night to perform updates or some other auxiliary service.
Figure 18 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a process to provide distributed network control. In one embodiment, for process 1800 to offer distributed control of the network includes functions performed by an embodiment of a measuring device and / or a power converter. In one embodiment, a control node includes measurement functions and measures the energy supplied by an electrical network in a PCC, 1802. The electrical network may be any electrical network described herein. In one embodiment, the electrical network includes an electric power distribution network of a public service company or includes a connection to an electric power distribution network of a public service company. The measurement can be in accordance with any embodiment described herein. In one embodiment, the control node monitors the power demand from downstream of the PCC, 1804. In one embodiment, the downstream connected devices include local power sources or other power sources, and the control node monitors the generation of downstream power of the PCC, 1806. The energy sources may be local power sources in the facilities. customer and / or may include colony power sources that are within a colony.
In one embodiment, the control node determines whether the network node of the PCC complies with the network rules, 1808. The network rules may include restrictions regarding overvoltage conditions (eg, magnitude of overvoltage and / or voltage time), waveform, frequency, power factor and / or other conditions. The control node may include controls for the standards configured within a controller and / or stored so that a control node controller can use them. The rules may include parameters sent to the control node from the power grid.
In one embodiment, if the PCC node complies with the rules, 1810 option YES, the control node can update the information and continue monitoring, 1812. Said continuous monitoring can be resumed in 1802. In one embodiment, the information update may include the generation of a record or report information for local storage and / or for transmission to the electricity grid. In one embodiment, the information update may include sending data to a central information center of the power grid, which may include information shared by other nodes. In one embodiment, the control node has access to information center data to determine the conditions of other nodes in the electricity network. Although compliance with the standards in the PCC can be independent of other nodes in the power grid, in one embodiment, a control node can make a determination to adjust its operation based on the non-compliance of another node in the network. power grid
Thus, either by its own lack of compliance with the standards or by the lack of compliance with the network rules of another node, in one embodiment, the
<img file="MX367249B_D0010.tif" />
Control node determines that there is a lack of compliance in the power grid that can be modified through the control of the operation in the PCC, option 1810 NO. In one embodiment, the control node determines to adjust an interface with the network as seen from the network in the PCC, 1814. Control of an interface may include changing the electrical conditions as seen in the PCC from the network side. PCC power (for example, looking back through the PCC). The electrical conditions as seen from the network side of the interface are not necessarily the same as how they would look from within the PCC due to the way in which the connection to the network affects how power flows through the PCC. Interface control refers to controlling how power flows through the PCC. The control may include changing the operation in the PCC itself by means of a control node and / 'or changing the operation of one or more control nodes connected downstream to change the power flow through the PCC, which will change the effect aggregate of the power flow through the PCC between the network segment and the power grid.
In one embodiment, the control node determines how to adjust the interface with the network to comply with the standards. Again, in one embodiment, compliance can be in a different node of the power grid by means of dynamic control in the local node of the PCC to support a node of a different PCC. Thus, the control node can calculate the adjustments to be made in the local interface to achieve compliance in the target PCC, 1816. In one embodiment, the target PCC is the local node of the PCC. In one embodiment, the target PCC is a PCC node connected upstream (which means upstream in the hierarchy). In one embodiment, the target PCC is a node closer to a power plant of a network of a public service company and, therefore, can be considered to be upstream in the network of the public service company. In one embodiment, the target PCC is a farthest node from a power plant of a network of a public service company and, therefore, can be considered to be downstream in the network of the public service company, even if it is not found downstream inside the local PCC node. Therefore, downstream and upstream can have two meanings, where upstream in the network refers to nodes that are closer to a power plant of a public service company and downstream refers to nodes that are physically further away of a power plant of a public service company. Downstream and upstream in relation to a CCP may refer to any element connected to a CCP at a lower level of the distributed network hierarchy (comment below) or to any node at a higher level of the distributed network hierarchy (current above). Thus, upstream in the sense of a traditional network refers to an element being closer to a power plant, and upstream in a distributed network refers to a higher level of distributed hierarchical control. Likewise, downstream in the sense of a traditional network refers to the fact that an element is more roofs of a power plant, and downstream in a distributed network refers to a lower level of distributed hierarchical control.
If a control node must adjust the local reactive power, 1818 REACTIVE option, the control node can have a power converter adjust its output and / or reactive power demand to have an impact on the local PCC, 1820. In one embodiment , the converter can adjust the reactive power generation of local energy sources. In one embodiment, the converter can adjust the reactive power consumption in relation to the loads. In one embodiment, adjusting the reactive power may refer to adjusting a current waveform in relation to a complex current vector. If the control node must adjust the local active power, 1818 ACTIVE option, the control node can have the power converter adjust its output or active power demand to adjust the local PCC, 1822. In one embodiment, the power converter power adjusts the active power and the reactive power in the PCC. After adjustment, the control node can continue monitoring its operation in 1802.
In one aspect, the method of controlling an electrical network includes: supervising the generation of power and the demand for power at a common coupling point (PCC) with an electrical energy distribution network of a public service company by means of a control node, on the same side of the PCC as the power generation and the power demand, and on the opposite side of the PCC as the central network administration; and adjust an interface between the control node and the central administration of the network through the PCC in order to maintain compliance with the standards of the network in the PCC.
In one aspect, a device for controlling an electric power distribution network includes: a network connector for connecting to the electric power distribution network at a common coupling point (PCC) for a consumer node; a controller for monitoring power generation and power demand in the PCC on the consumer node side of the PCC; and a power converter to adjust an interface between the equipment and the central administration of the network through the PCC in order to maintain compliance with the network rules in the PCC on the PCC side of the consumer node.
In one aspect, a power measurement device includes: a network connector for connecting to the electrical power distribution network at a common coupling point (PCC) for a consumer node; a controller to monitor power generation and power demand in the PCC on the PCC side of the consumer node; and I / O (inputs / salldas) to connect the controller to a power converter in order to send one or more signals through the I / O to the power converter so that the power converter adjusts an interface between the equipment and the central administration of the network through the PCC in order to maintain compliance with the network standards in the PCC on the PCC side of the consumer node in response to the supervision of the power measurement device.
For the method, the equipment and / or the power measurement devices of the three preceding paragraphs, the following embodiments offer examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, the PCC consists of a connection of a tooth installation to the network. In one embodiment, the PCC consists of a network connection of a colony that has several client installations. In one embodiment, the PCC consists of a network transformer. In one embodiment, the PCC includes at least one additional PCC downstream of the network. In one embodiment, the supervision of the power generation consists of the supervision of the power generation of a renewable energy source in tooth facilities. In one embodiment, adjusting the interface consists of adjusting a lag of reactive power in the PCC. In one embodiment, adjusting the lag of the reactive power consists of changing, through the PCC, an amount of reactive power output to the network from the power generation resources on the same side of the PCC. In one embodiment, adjusting the interface consists of adjusting, through the PCC, an amount of active power output to the network from the power generation resources on the same side of the PCC. In one embodiment, the supervision consists of receiving information from the control panel from the network administration.
In one aspect: a method for network control includes: measuring, by means of a measuring device; the energy supplied by an electrical network at a common coupling point (PCC) to which a load is connected, and in which the measuring device on the same side of the PCC as the load is located; determine that the load uses reactive power from the power grid; obtain active power from the power grid by means of an energy conversion device on the same side of the PCC as the load and that the measuring device; and convert, by means of the conversion device, the active power of the electrical network into reactive power on the same side of the PCC to supply it to the load.
In one aspect, a control node distributed within an electrical network system includes: a network connector for connecting a load to the electrical network; a measuring device located on the same side of a common coupling point (PCC) with the power grid that charges it, the measuring device measures the energy supplied by the power grid in the PCC and determines that the load uses reactive power from the power grid; and an energy conversion device on the same side of the PCC as the load and that the measuring device in order to obtain active power from the electrical network in response to an instruction of the measuring device and in order to convert the active power of the network electrical in reactive power of the same side of the PCC to supply it to the load.
In one aspect, a power grid system includes: several charges electrically connected to the same side of a common coupling point (PCC); a control node connected to the various loads in the same PCC, the control node includes a measuring device to measure the energy supplied from an electrical network in the PCC and to determine that at least one of the loads uses reactive power of the power grid; and an energy conversion device so that it obtains active power from the electrical network in response to an instruction of a measuring device and so that it converts the active power of the electrical network into reactive power on the same side of the PCC to Supply it to at least one load.
For the method, the distributed control node and / or the power grid system of the three preceding paragraphs, the following embodiments provide examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, the electricity network consists of an electricity distribution network of a public service company. In one embodiment, the load is one of several charges connected to the PCC. In one embodiment, determining that the load uses reactive power further comprises: identify a single energy signal for the load, which includes a complex current vector of the load in operation that identifies, for the main current, an active power component and a reactive power component, and that identifies, for harmonics , an active power component, a reactive power component and an angular displacement in relation to the main current. In one embodiment, determining that the load uses reactive power further comprises: determining whether the load requires advanced or delayed reactive power; and where to convert the active power into reactive power comprises: generating advanced or delayed power based on the determination. In one embodiment, using the active power of the electrical network comprises: using only active power of the electrical network and supplying all the needs of reactive power of the load from the conversion of active power to reactive power. In one embodiment, measuring the power supplied in the PCC and determining that the load uses reactive power from the power grid comprises: making the measurement and determination in response to the control information received in the measuring device from the information center of the power grid In one embodiment, measuring and determining in response to the control information received from the information center comprises: receiving information from a central administration controller of an electric power distribution network of a public service company.
In one aspect, a method for interconnecting with an electric power distribution network includes: generating local active power with a local power source connected to a consumer's side of a common coupling point (PCC) with the power grid; identify a condition of the power grid that can be adjusted by supplying reactive power to the power grid; convert, with an energy conversion device on the consumer side of the PCC, the active power into reactive power on the consumer side of the PCC; and supply the reactive power to the power grid through the PCC.
In one aspect, a consumer node within an electrical network system includes: a network connector for connecting the consumer node to the electrical network on a consumer side of a common coupling point (PCC); a local power source connected to the consumer side of the PCC to generate active power; and a consumer-side power conversion device in the PCC to convert the active power from the local power source into reactive power on the consumer side in the PCC, and to supply the reactive power to the power grid through the PCC .
In one aspect, an electric power distribution network system includes: a local power source connected to a consumer side of a common coupling point (PCC) with an electrical network of the electric power distribution system, the local energy source generates active power; a control node connected to the local power source in the PCC, the control node includes a measuring device to identify a condition of the power grid that can be adjusted by supplying reactive power to the power grid; and an energy conversion device for converting the active power of the local energy source into reactive power on the consumer side of the PCC, and supplying the reactive power to the power grid through the PCC.
For the method, the consumer node and / or the power grid system of the three preceding paragraphs, the following embodiments offer examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, the electricity network consists of an electricity distribution network of a public service company. In one embodiment, generating the local active power with the local energy source comprises generating an active power output in a solar energy system. In one embodiment, generating the local active power with the local energy source comprises generating an active power output with a power source of a customer installation. In one embodiment, identifying the condition further comprises: measuring the network conditions in the PCC with a measuring device on the consumer side of the PCC. In one embodiment, identifying the condition further comprises: receiving information from the exchange from one side of the PCC network. In one embodiment, receiving the information from the exchange comprises: receiving information from the exchange from a distributed control node of the power grid. In one embodiment, receiving information from the exchange comprises: receiving information from the exchange from an information center. In one embodiment, receiving the information from the plant comprises: receiving the information from the plant from a controller of an electric power distribution network of a public service company. In one embodiment, converting active power to reactive power on the consumer side of the PCC comprises: converting active power to advanced reactive power. In one embodiment, converting the active power into reactive power on the consumer side of the PCC comprises: converting the active power into delayed reactive power.
In one aspect, a method for controlling the network includes: measuring the current used by a load, including the harmonics of the current, with a measuring device located on the same side of a common coupling point (PCC) with the electrical network than the load, where the load includes one or more different devices electrically connected on the same side of the PCC; generate a single energy signal for the load including the registration of a complex current vector for the load in operation, identifying for the main current an active power component and a reactive power component, and identifying for the harmonics a power component active, a reactive power component and angular displacement relative to the mainstream; and control the contribution of noise from the load by the harmonics as seen in the PCC, in order to reduce the noise introduced to the mains from the load.
In one aspect, a control node distributed within an electrical power distribution network system includes: a network connection to connect a load to the electrical power distribution network system, and the load includes one of several different connected devices. electrically on the same side of a common coupling point (PCC); a measuring device located on the same side of the PCC with the power grid as the load, the measuring device for measuring the current used by the load; a controller for generating a single energy signal for the load including the registration of a complex current vector for the load in operation, identifying for the main current an active power component and a reactive power component, and identifying for harmonics a active power component, a reactive power component and angular displacement relative to the mainstream, The controller also controls the contribution of noise from the load by the harmonics as seen in the PCC, in order to reduce the noise introduced to the mains from the load.
<img file="MX367249B_D0011.tif" />
In one aspect, an electrical power distribution network system includes: several charges electrically connected to the same side of a common coupling point (PCC); and a control node connected to the various loads in the PCC, the control node includes a measuring device located on the same side of the PCC with the power grid as the load, the measuring device measures the current used by at least one of the charges, generate a single energy signal for at least one load including the registration of a complex current vector for the load in operation, identifying for the main current an active power component and a reactive power component, and identifying for the harmonics an active power component, a reactive power component and an angular displacement relative to the main current; and a power converter to control the noise contribution of at least one load by the harmonics as seen in the PCC, in order to reduce the noise introduced to the power grid from the load.
For the method, the distributed control node and / or the power grid system of the three preceding paragraphs, the following embodiments provide examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, controlling the noise contribution of the load harmonics further comprises: adjusting an output reactive power component of a local power source connected to the same side of the PCC as the load. In one embodiment, controlling the noise contribution of the load harmonics further comprises: adjusting a reactive current component supplied to the load, in order to create a reactive current that compensates for the load's energy signal. In one embodiment, controlling the noise contribution of the load harmonics further comprises: reducing a frequency of a load operating voltage. In a reaiization, the method further comprises: sending the current consumption information of the load to a control device in the electrical network that is not on the same side of the PCC as the load. In one embodiment, sending the current consumption information of the load to a control device comprises: sending the current consumption information to a network controller. In one embodiment, sending the current consumption information of the load to a control device comprises: sending the Current consumption information to a control node different from the electrical network.
In one aspect, a method for monitoring power at a node of the electrical power distribution network includes: obtaining the information from the control panel at a local network control device located on the same side of a common coupling point (PCC ) with the electrical network that the local load, the information of the central indicates an electrical condition of the electrical network in the PCC; identify a single energy signal for the local load, the electrical signal includes a complex current vector for the load in operation identifying, for the main current, an active power component and a reactive power component and identifying, for harmonics, an active power component, a reactive power component and an angular displacement relative to the main current; and control a contribution of noise from the load by the harmonics as seen in the PCC in order to reduce the noise introduced into the electrical network from the load.
In one aspect, a control node distributed within an electrical power distribution network system includes: a network connector to connect a load to the electrical network of the electrical power distribution system, in which the load , includes one of several different electrically connected devices on the same side of a common coupling point (PCC); a controller to obtain information from the exchange indicating an electrical condition of the electrical network in the PCC; identify a single energy signal from the local load, the energy signal includes a complex current vector for the operating load that identifies, for the main current, an active power component and a reactive power component, and that identifies, for harmonics, an active power component, a reactive power component and an angular displacement relative to the main current; and control a contribution of noise from the load by the harmonics as seen in the PCC in order to reduce the noise introduced into the electrical network from the load.
In one aspect, an electrical power distribution network system includes: a load electrically connected to a common coupling point (PCC); a control node connected to the load on the same side of the PCC as the load, the control node includes a controller to obtain information from the exchange indicating an electrical condition of the power grid in the PCC; identify a single energy signal for local charging; The energy signal includes a complex current vector for the operating load that identifies, for the main current, an active power component and a reactive power component, and which identifies, for harmonics, an active power component, a reactive power component and angular displacement relative to the mainstream; and a power converter to control a noise contribution of at least one load per harmonics as seen in the PCC in order to reduce the noise introduced into the power grid from the load.
For the method, the distributed control node and / or the power grid system of the three preceding paragraphs, the following embodiments provide examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, obtaining the information from the exchange comprises: receiving load information from another control device of the local network located in the electrical network on a different side of the PCC. In one embodiment, obtaining the information from the exchange comprises: receiving information from a controller of a public service company. In one embodiment, obtaining the information from the plant also includes: receiving information indicating that a node in the electricity network requires voltage support; and also includes: determining that the PCC is downstream in the electrical network in relation to the node of the electrical network that requires voltage support; and supply positive reactive power to the power grid. In one embodiment, obtaining the information from the plant also includes: receiving information indicating that a node in the electricity network requires voltage support; and also includes:
determine that the PCC is upstream in the power grid in relation to the power grid node that requires voltage support; and supply negative reactive power to the power grid. In one embodiment, controlling the noise contribution of the load harmonics further comprises: adjusting an output reactive power component of a local power source connected to the same side of the PCC as the load. In one embodiment, controlling the noise contribution of the load harmonics further comprises: adjusting a reactive current component supplied to the load, in order to create a reactive current that compensates for the load's energy signal.
In one aspect, a method of controlling an electric power distribution network includes: determine that a segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds the saturation limit, in which the capacity for active power generation of local energy sources at the consumer nodes connected to the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds a limit percentage of peak active power demand for the segment of the electricity distribution network; and dynamically adjust an interface between the segment of the electricity distribution network and the central network administration to adjust a relationship between the active power and the reactive power for the segment of the electricity distribution network as Go from the central network administration.
In one aspect, a device for controlling an electrical power distribution network includes: a network connector for connecting a segment of the electric power distribution network to the electrical network at a common coupling point (PCC), where the segment The electricity distribution network includes several consumer nodes and several local energy sources in the consumer nodes; a controller to determine that the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds a saturation limit, where the capacity of active power generation of local energy sources for the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds a limit percentage of the peak active power demand for the network segment of
100 electric power distribution; and a power converter to dynamically adjust an interface between the segment of the electricity distribution network and the central network administration to adjust a relationship between the active power and the reactive power for the distribution network segment of electrical energy as seen from the central network administration.
In one aspect, a power measurement device includes: a network connection to connect a segment of the power distribution network to the power grid at a common coupling point (PCC), where the distribution network segment Electric power includes several consumer nodes and several local energy sources in the consumer nodes; a controller to determine that the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds a saturation limit, where the capacity of active power generation of local energy sources for the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds a limit percentage of the peak active power demand for the segment of the electricity distribution network; and I / O (inputs / outputs) to connect to a power converter, The controller sends one or more signals through the I / O to! power converter to make the power converter dynamically adjust an interface between the segment of the electricity distribution network and the central network administration to adjust a relationship between the active power and the reactive power for the power segment the electricity distribution network as seen from the central network administration.
For the method, the equipment and / or the measuring device of the three preceding paragraphs, the following embodiments offer examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, determining that the segment of the electric power distribution network exceeds the saturation limit comprises: receiving information from the central at a control node for the segment of the electric power distribution network from the central administration of the net. In one embodiment, determine that the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds
101 The saturation limit includes: sharing information between distributed control nodes. In one embodiment, determining that the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds the saturation limit comprises: determining that the capacity of active power generation of the segment of the electricity distribution network exceeds the demand of ten percent active peak power. In one embodiment, adjusting the relationship between active power and reactive power comprises: converting at least part of the active power generation of the segment of the electric power distribution network into reactive power generation. In one embodiment, converting the active power generation into reactive power generation comprises: converting the active power generation into a common coupling point (PCC) for the segment of the electric power distribution network. In one embodiment, converting the active power generation into reactive power generation comprises: converting the active power in the control nodes distributed within the segment of the electric power distribution network to change the relationship between active power and reactive power in a Common coupling point (PCC) of distributed control nodes. In one embodiment, adjusting the relationship between active power and reactive power comprises: diverting at least a portion of active power to the local energy storage of the segment of the electric power distribution network.
In one aspect, an electrical power distribution network system includes: a first consumer node that has a first local power source that is local to the first consumer node, the first consumer node is connected to a coupling point common (CCP); a second consumer node that has a second local power source that is local to the second consumer node, the second consumer node is connected to the PCC; a first control node connected between the PCC and the first consumer node; a second control node connected between the PCC and the second consumer node; where the first and second control nodes control the power distribution from the first and second sources of
102 Oral power based on the local power demand of each corresponding consumer node, and also based on the power distribution from the other corresponding control node.
In one aspect, a control node distributed in an electrical power distribution network system includes: a network connector to make a connection between a common coupling point (PCC) and a first consumer node having a first source of local power that is local to the first consumer node and to make a connection through the PCC with a second consumer node that has a second local power source that is, local to the second consumer node; a controller for controlling the power distribution from the first local power source based on the local power demand of the first consumer node, and also based on the power distribution from the second control node.
In one aspect, a method of controlling an electric power distribution network includes: supervise, in a control node, the generation of power from a first local power source of a first control node, the operation of a second control node and the power demand of the first consumer node, where the first and the second consumer nodes and the control node connect to each other at a common coupling point (PCC), where the second consumer node has a second local power source that is local to the second consumer node; and dynamically control the power distribution from the first local power source based on the local power demand of the first consumer node, and also based on the power distribution from the second control node.
In one aspect, an electrical power distribution network system includes: several consumer nodes connected to each other as a network segment through a common coupling point (PCC); a first and a second power sources for the network segment connected to each other and to the various consumer nodes through the PCC, where neither the first nor the second power sources have sufficient generating capacity by themselves to
103 meet the peak demand of several consumer nodes; and at least a first control node connected to the first power source and at least a second control node connected to the second power source, the first and second control nodes control the power distribution from the first and the second power sources to the various consumer nodes based on the power demand of the various consumer nodes and based on the operation of the other corresponding power source.
In one aspect, a control node distributed within an electrical power distribution network system includes: a network connector for connecting to several consumer nodes and a first and second power sources at a common coupling point (PCC) , where neither the first nor the second power sources have sufficient generation capacity by themselves to meet the peak demand of several consumer nodes; a controller for controlling the distribution of power from the first power source to the various consumer nodes based on the power demand of the various consumer nodes and based on the operation of the second power source.
In one aspect, a method of controlling an electric power distribution network includes: supervise, in a control node, the power generation of a first power source, the operation of a second power source and the power demand of several consumer nodes, where the various consumer nodes, the first and second power sources and the control node are connected to each other at a common coupling point (PCC) and where neither the first nor the second power sources have sufficient generating capacity by themselves to meet the peak demand of the various consumer nodes; and dynamically control the distribution of power from the first power source to the various consumer nodes based on the power demand of the various consumer nodes and based on the operation of the second power source.
For Sos electric power distribution network systems, the distributed control nodes and / or the methods of the previous six paragraphs, the following
104 embodiments offer examples of embodiments that can be implemented, and are by way of illustration and not limitation. In one embodiment, each consumer node comprises a client installation. In one embodiment, a consumer node comprises several client installations. In one embodiment, a single client installation comprises several consumer nodes. In one embodiment, the PCC also connects to an electric power distribution network of a public service company that has a central management system and a central power source. In one embodiment, the PCC also connects to a third power source, where the first and second power sources are on the same side of the PCC, and where the third power source is on a different side of the PCC in relation to The first and second power sources. In one embodiment, the first control node and the second control node are connected as master and slave, where one of the control nodes controls the power distribution within the PCC as a master and the other control node distributes power as a slave. under the instructions of the teacher. In one embodiment, the first and second control nodes must control the power distribution including local control of the reactive power generation of the first and second power sources. In one embodiment, a control node further comprises: a local power converter for the control node. In one embodiment, which further comprises a central storage of information connected to the first and second control nodes, the storage of the information center stores and sends information on the power generation and on the power demand within the PCC. In one embodiment, which also comprises a central energy storage connected to the first and second power sources through the PCC, the central energy storage is capable of storing the energy generated by the first and / or the second power sources as a control response performed by the first and / or the second control nodes. In one embodiment, which also comprises at least one power source of a client installation in a client node, the power source of the installation
105 Tooth generates energy at the tooth facilities, where the first and second control nodes will control the power distribution of the first and second power sources to the various consumer nodes based on the power demand of the various nodes of consumer and based on the operation of the other corresponding power source and based on the power generation of the power source of the customer installation.
Flowcharts as illustrated herein provide examples of sequences of different process steps. Flowcharts can indicate functions that will be executed through software or firmware routines, as well as physical functions. In one embodiment, a flowchart can illustrate the state of a finite state machine (FSM), which can be implemented by means of hardware and / or software. Even if it is shown in a particular sequence or order, unless otherwise specified, the order of the steps can be modified. Thus, the embodiments shown should be understood only as an example and the process can be performed in a different order, and some steps can be performed in parallel. In addition, in several embodiments one or more steps can be omitted; therefore, not all steps are required in all embodiments. Other process flows are possible.
To the extent that the different operations or functions are described herein, they can be described or defined as code, instructions, configuration and / or software data. The content can be directly executable (in the form of “object” or “executable”), source code or code “delta” or “patch”, code that offers a difference in relation to previous versions. The software content of the embodiments described herein may be provided through a manufactured article that includes the content, or through the operation of a communication interface for sending data through it. A machine-readable storage medium can enable a machine to perform the described functions or operations and includes any mechanism that stores information in a way that is accessible to a machine (for example, a computing device, an electronic system,
106 etc.), such as recordable or non-recordable media (for example, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, Flash memory devices, etc.) . A communication interface includes any mechanism that connects to any wireless, wireless, optical media, etc. to communicate with another device, such as a memory bus interface, a processor bus interface, an Internet connection, a disk controller, etc. The communication interface can be configured by providing configuration parameters and / or sending signals to prepare the communication interface to provide a data signal describing the content of the software. The communication interface can be accessed through one or more commands or signals sent to the communication interface.
Several components described herein may be a means to perform the operations or functions described. Each component described herein includes software, hardware or a combination of these. The components can be implemented as software modules, hardware modules, hardware for specific purposes (for example, application-specific hardware, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), digital signal processors (DSP), etc.), integrated controllers, wired circuits, etc.
In addition to what is described herein, several modifications can be made to the embodiments and implementations of the invention that have been disclosed, without departing from its scope. Therefore, the illustrations and examples herein should be considered as illustrative and not limiting. The scope of the invention should be measured only in relation to the following claims.
Contents7
27 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27
74 members in 11 offices
Priority claims5
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62021085 | United States of America | – | |
| 201462021085 | United States of America | P | |
| 14791429 | United States of America | – | |
| 201514791429 | United States of America | A | |
| 2015039230 | United States of America | W |
Members74
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2954188A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2954190A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2016004432A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2016004433A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2016079752A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016079757A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087432A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087433A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087434A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087436A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087439A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087440A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087441A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087442A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016087522A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016204606A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016204610A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AU2015283878A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| AU2015283879A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| KR20170026619A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR20170027829A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| MX2017000200A | Mexico | A | |
| MX2017000207A | Mexico | A | |
| EP3164924A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP3164925A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| JP2017521033A | Japan | A | |
| JP2017521034A | Japan | A | |
| CN107112762A | China | A | |
| CN107112763A | China | A | |
| BR112017000117A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| BR112017000119A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| MA39560A1 | Morocco | A1 | |
| EP3164924A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| EP3164925A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| US9960601B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US10003196B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US10063055B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2018264131A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| US10158232B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2019200738A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| US2019074694A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| MX367249BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| US2019267804A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR102019255B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR102019172B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR20190104461A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR20190105662A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| CN107112763B | China | B | |
| US10686314B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2020204639A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| AU2019200738B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| US10784684B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN107112762B | China | B | |
| US10879695B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| MA39560B1 | Morocco | B1 | |
| MA39561B1 | Morocco | B1 | |
| US11063431B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| KR102279503B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| US2021296892A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR102304039B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| AU2020204639B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| JP7123557B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US11462908B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2022344969A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2022352749A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2023009060A | Japan | A | |
| JP7292004B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| BR112017000117B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| CA2954190C | Canada | C | |
| US11984722B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CA2954188C | Canada | C | |
| JP7627674B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| MX382844B | Mexico | B | |
| US12255451B2 | United States of America | B2 |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Grant or registrationFG | FG |
Numbers
- Publication
- 367249
- Application
- 207
Titles2
- Spanish
- CONTROL JERÁRQUICO Y DISTRIBUIDO PARA UNA RED DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA.
- English
- HIERARCHICAL AND DISTRIBUTED CONTROL FOR AN ELECTRICAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK.
Classification
- CPC, 17
- H02J3/381
- H02J13/1337
- H02J3/01
- H02J3/1892
- Y02E40/40
- Y02E40/70
- Y04S10/22
- Y02E40/30
- H02J13/333
- G01R11/48
- Y04S10/12
- G05F1/66
- G06G7/635
- H02J13/00
- H02J2101/24
- H02J2105/12
- H02J3/00
- IPC, 2
- H02J3 38
- H02J3 00