Method and apparatus for adjusting a mode of communication in a communication network.
Abstract
Aspects of the description may include, for example, a waveguide system for detecting a condition that adversely affects a propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by the waveguide system on a wire surface, and adjustment of electromagnetic wave characteristics. generated by the waveguide system to reduce adverse effects caused by the condition. Other modalities are described.

Term
9 yearsleft in the term
Expires 14 September 2035.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
23 claims: 4 independent, 19 dependent
- 1Un método, caracterizado porque comprende:detectar, por un primer sistema de guia de onda que comprende un procesador, un impedimento, en donde el impedimento afecta de forma adversa una propagación de ondas electromagnéticas sobre una superficie de un primer alambre;ajustar, por el primer sistema de guia de onda, un modo de comunicación para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas sobre la superficie del primer alambre para mitigar un efecto adverso del impedimento;y notificar, por el primer sistema de guia de onda, a un segundo sistema de guia de onda del ajuste del modo de comunicación para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas. 2. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el ajuste del modo de comunicación comprende ajustar un modo de propagación de onda para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 23. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque el ajuste del modo de propagación de 169 onda comprende ajustar una longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 34. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas genera ondas electromagnéticas ajustadas, y en donde las ondas electromagnéticas ajustadas son menos susceptibles a atenuación cuando se propagan a través del impedimento en el primer alambre.
- 45. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende incrementar la longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 56. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el segundo sistema de guía de onda recibe las ondas electromagnéticas del primer sistema de guía de onda de acuerdo con el modo de comunicación ajustado por el primer sistema de guía de onda.
- 67. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque el segundo sistema de guía de onda se acopla al primer alambre y se coloca después del impedimento del primer alambre.
- 78. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque el segundo sistema de guía de onda recupera contenido de las ondas electromagnéticas recibidas 170 del primer sistema de guia de onda y retransmite el contenido a otros sistemas de guia de onda con base en otras ondas electromagnéticas que utilizan un modo diferente de comunicación.
- 89. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el ajuste del modo de comunicación comprende re-encaminar las ondas electromagnéticas para omitir el impedimento del primer alambre.
- 910. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque el re-encaminamiento de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende encaminar las ondas electromagnéticas a un segundo alambre.
- 1011. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque comprende además:detectar, por el primer sistema de guia de onda, que se ha modificado el impedimento;y restaurar, por el primer sistema de guia de onda, un modo original de comunicación utilizado por el primer sistema de guía de onda para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1112. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el impedimento se modifica por colocación de un puente entre extremos del impedimento, en donde el puente permite que las ondas electromagnéticas 171 omitan el impedimento al propagarse sobre una superficie del puente. 13. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el impedimento se modifica por colocación de un manguito alrededor del impedimento, en donde el manguito permite que las ondas electromagnéticas omitan el impedimento al propagarse sobre una superficie del manguito.
- 1214. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el impedimento se modifica con una aplicación de un material aislante o conductor sobre el impedimento, en donde el material aislante o conductor permite que las ondas electromagnéticas omitan el impedimento al propagarse sobre una superficie del material conductor o aislante.
- 1315. Un sistema de guia de onda, caracterizado porque comprende:una guia de onda, en donde la guía de onda se coloca con respecto a un alambre, en donde la guía de onda facilita transmisión o recepción de ondas electromagnéticas que se propagan a lo largo de una superficie del alambre;una memoria;y un procesador acoplado a la memoria, en donde el procesador está configurado para llevar a cabo operaciones, que comprenden: 172 detectar una condición que afecta de forma negativa una propagación de las ondas electromagnéticas sobre la superficie del alambre;ajustar un medio de propagación de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas transmitidas o recibidas por la guía de onda para reducir un efecto adverso provocado por la condición;y notificar a otro sistema de guía de onda del ajuste del medio de propagación de onda para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1416. El sistema de guía de onda de conformidad con la reivindicación 15, caracterizado porque el ajuste del modo de propagación de onda comprende ajustar una longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1517. El sistema de guía de onda de conformidad con la reivindicación 15, caracterizado porque el ajuste del modo de propagación de onda comprende ajustar un modo fundamental de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1618. El sistema de guía de onda de conformidad con la reivindicación 15, caracterizado porque el ajuste del modo de propagación de onda comprende ajustar un modo asimétrico de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1719. Un dispositivo leíble por máquina, caracterizado porque comprende un método, en donde el método incluye llevar 173 a cabo, mediante un procesador, los pasos de:detectar una fuente de degradación de señal que afecta adversamente una propagación de ondas electromagnéticas generadas por un sistema de guía de onda sobre una superficie de un alambre;ajustar una característica de las ondas electromagnéticas generadas por el sistema de guía de onda para reducir un efecto adverso provocado por la fuente de degradación de señal;y notificar a otro sistema de guía de onda del ajuste de la carácter!stica de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1820. El dispositivo leíble por máquina de conformidad con la reivindicación 19, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la característica de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende ajustar una longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 1921. El dispositivo leíble por máquina de conformidad con la reivindicación 20, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende incrementar la longitud de onda de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 2022. El dispositivo leíble por máquina de conformidad con la reivindicación 19, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la característica de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende ajustar un modo de propagación de las ondas 174 electromagnéticas .
- 2123. El dispositivo leíble por máquina de conformidad con la reivindicación 19, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la característica de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende ajustar un modo fundamental de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 2224. El dispositivo leíble por máquina de conformidad con la reivindicación 19, caracterizado porque el ajuste de la característica de las ondas electromagnéticas comprende ajustar un modo asimétrico de las ondas electromagnéticas.
- 2325. Un método, caracterizado porque comprende:detectar, por un sistema de guía de onda que comprende un procesador, un impedimento, en donde el impedimento afecta adversamente una propagación de ondas electromagnéticas sobre una superficie de un alambre;ajustar, por el sistema de guia de onda, un modo de comunicación para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas sobre la superficie del alambre para mitigar un efecto adverso del impedimento;detectar, por el sistema de guia de onda, que se ha modificado el impedimento;y restaurar, por el sistema de guía de onda, un modo original de comunicación utilizado por el sistema de guia de onda para transmitir o recibir las ondas electromagnéticas.
Independent claims23
565 paragraphs in 10 sections, as filed
METHOD AND APPLIANCE TO ADJUST A COMMUNICATION MODE IN A
COMMUNICATION NETWORK
FIELD OF DESCRIPTION
The description refers to a method and apparatus for setting a communication mode in a communication network.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As smartphones and other portable devices become increasingly universal, and data usage increases, macrocell base station devices and existing wireless infrastructure in turn require more bandwidth capacity to address demand increased To provide additional mobile bandwidth, small cell deployment is being sought, with micro-cells and peak-cells that provide coverage for much smaller areas than traditional macro-cells.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Reference will now be made to the attached figures, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and where:
The figure is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a waveguide communication system according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupler and transceiver according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 6 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a dual dielectric waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a bi-directional dielectric waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 8 illustrates a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a bidirectional dielectric waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 9 illustrates a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a bidirectional repeater system according to different aspects described herein.
Figures 10A, 10B, and 10C are block diagrams illustrating non-limiting embodiments, for example of a grooved waveguide coupler according to different aspects described herein.
<td>Figure 11 is a diagram of</td><td>blocks</td><td>what</td><td>illustrates</td><td>a</td>
<td colspan="2">non-limiting mode, example of</td><td>a</td><td>system</td><td>from</td>
<td>waveguide coupling</td><td>agreement</td><td>with</td><td colspan="2">different</td>
<td>aspects described herein.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Figure 12 is a diagram of</td><td>blocks</td><td>what</td><td>illustrates</td><td>a</td>
<td colspan="2">non-limiting mode, example of</td><td>a</td><td>system</td><td>from</td>
<td>waveguide coupling</td><td>agreement</td><td>with</td><td colspan="2">different</td>
aspects described herein.
Figure 13 illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a method for transmitting a transmission with a dielectric waveguide coupler as described herein.
Figure 14 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a waveguide system according to different aspects described herein.
Figures 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15E, 15F, and 15G illustrate non-limiting embodiments, for example sources for disturbances detectable by the waveguide system of Figure 14 as described herein.
Figure 16 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting mode, for example of a system for managing a power grid communication system according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 17A illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, for example of a method for detecting and mitigating disturbances that occur in a communication network of the system of Figure 16.
Figure 17B illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, for example of a method for detecting and mitigating disturbances that occur in a communication network of the system of Figure 16.
Figure 18A illustrates a non-limiting embodiment, for example to mitigate a disturbance detected by the waveguide system of Figure 14 as described herein.
Figure 18B illustrates another non-limiting embodiment, for example to mitigate a disturbance detected by the waveguide system of Figure 14 as described herein.
Figure 19 illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, an example of a method for mitigating communication failures in a communication system of Figure 20.
Figure 20 is a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a communication system according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 21 illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, for example of a method for setting a communication mode in a communication system.
Figures 22A-22B are block diagrams of non-limiting modalities, for example of a waveguide system that adjusts a communication mode according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 23 is a block diagram of a non-limiting mode, for example of a computing environment according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 24 is a block diagram of a non-limiting mode, for example of a mobile network platform according to different aspects described herein.
Figure 25 is a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a communication device according to different aspects described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One or more modalities are now described with reference to the figures, where similar reference numbers are used to refer to similar elements at all times. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, several details are set forth in order to provide a complete understanding of the different modalities. It is clear, however, that different modalities can be practiced without these details (and without referring to any particular norm or environment in a particular network).
To provide network connectivity to additional base station devices, the redirection network that links the communication cells (eg, micro cells and macro cells) to network devices in the core network is expanded accordingly. Similarly, to provide network connectivity to a distributed antenna system, an extended communication system that links base station devices to its distributed antennas is desirable. A waveguide communication system can be provided to allow for alternative, increased or additional network connectivity and a waveguide coupling system can be provided to transmit and / or receive guided wave communications (e.g., surface wave) on a wire, such as a wire that operates as a single-wire transmission line (for example, a public service line), that operates as a waveguide and / or that operates in another way to guide the transmission of an electromagnetic wave.
In one embodiment, a waveguide coupler that is used in a waveguide coupling system can be made of a dielectric material, or other low loss insulator (e.g., Teflon, polyethylene and etc.), or even It can be made of a conductive material (for example, metallic, non-metallic, etc.), or any combination of the above materials. The reference throughout the detailed description to the dielectric waveguide is for illustration purposes and does not limit the dielectric modalities. In others build only from modal materials, other insulating or dielectric materials are possible. It will be appreciated that a variety of transmission media with guided wave communications can be used without departing from the example embodiments.
Examples of these transmission means may include one or more of the following, either separately or in one or more combinations: wires, whether isolated or not, and either single-wire or multi-wire; conductors of other shapes or configurations that include bundles of wires, cables, rods, rails, tubes; non-conductive such as dielectric tubes, rods, rails, or other dielectric members; combinations of conductors and dielectric materials; or other means of transmitting guided waves.
For these and / or other considerations, in one or more embodiments, an apparatus comprises a waveguide that facilitates propagation of a first electromagnetic wave at least in part on a waveguide surface, where the waveguide surface does not surrounds a wire surface of a wire in its entirety or in a substantial part, and, in response to the waveguide that is placed with respect to the wire, the first electromagnetic wave is coupled at least in part to the wire surface and travels at least partially around the wire surface as a second electromagnetic wave, and where the second wave
<td>electromagnetic has</td><td>to the</td><td>less a way of</td><td>propagation</td><td>from</td>
<td>propagation wave</td><td>from</td><td>longitudinal form</td><td>along</td><td>of the</td>
<td>wire.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>In another mode,</td><td>a</td><td>apparatus comprises</td><td colspan="2">a waveguide</td>
having a waveguide surface defining a cross-sectional area of the waveguide where a wire is placed outside the cross-sectional area of the waveguide such that a first electromagnetic wave, which travels at long of the wire at least partly on the wire surface, it is coupled at least partly to the waveguide surface and travels at least partially around the waveguide surface as a second electromagnetic wave.
In one embodiment, a method comprises emitting, by a transmission device, a first electromagnetic wave that propagates at least in part on a waveguide surface of a waveguide, where the waveguide does not align so Coaxial with a wire. The method may also include configuring the waveguide in proximity to the wire to facilitate the coupling of at least a portion of the first electromagnetic wave to a wire surface, which forms a second electromagnetic wave that propagates longitudinally along wire and at least partially around the wire surface.
In another embodiment, an apparatus comprises, in one or more embodiments, a waveguide having a groove formed by opposite groove surfaces that are not parallel, wherein the opposing groove surfaces are separated by a distance that allows insertion of a wire in the groove, where the waveguide facilitates propagation of a first electromagnetic wave at least in part on a waveguide surface, and, in response to the waveguide that is placed with respect to the wire, the first electromagnetic wave is coupled at least in part to a wire surface of the wire and travels at least in part around the wire surface as a second electromagnetic wave to longitudinally spread to
<td>wire length,</td><td>Y</td><td>in</td><td colspan="2">where the</td><td>second wave</td>
<td>electromagnetic has</td><td>to the</td><td>less</td><td>a</td><td>mode of</td><td>spread of</td>
<td>wave.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>In another mode,</td><td>a</td><td colspan="2">apparatus</td><td>understands,</td><td>in one or more</td>
<td>modalities, a guide</td><td>from</td><td>wave,</td><td>in</td><td>where the</td><td>waveguide</td>
it comprises a material that is not electrically conductive and is suitable for propagation of electromagnetic waves on a waveguide surface of the waveguide, wherein the waveguide facilitates propagation of a first electromagnetic wave at least in part on the surface of waveguide, and, in response to the waveguide that is placed with respect to a wire, the first electromagnetic wave is coupled at least in part to a wire surface of the wire and travels at least in part around the wire surface as a second electromagnetic wave, and wherein the second electromagnetic wave has at least one propagation mode of Wave for longitudinal propagation along the wire.
One embodiment of the description includes an apparatus that has a waveguide that facilitates transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves along a surface of a wire of an electrical network that also facilitates distribution of electrical energy to devices. The apparatus may further include one or more sensors that facilitate detection of a disturbance that is adverse to the waveguide, the wire, the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that propagate along the waveguide surface or surface. , or any combination thereof.
One embodiment of the description includes a method for transmission, by an apparatus having a waveguide and a sensor, of electromagnetic waves that propagate along a surface of a wire that facilitates distribution of electrical energy to devices, and to detect , by the sensor, a disturbance that is adverse to the electromagnetic waves that propagate along the surface.
One embodiment of the description includes a machine-readable storage medium (for example, computer readable, processor readable, etc.), which has executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate operation performance, including inducing with or through a waveguide, electromagnetic waves guided along a surface of a transmission medium, and collecting detection data from a sensor, the detection data associated with a disturbance that is adverse to the electromagnetic waves guided along the surface of the transmission medium.
One embodiment of the description includes an apparatus that has a processor and a memory. The processor can carry out an operation of receiving telemetry information from a waveguide system coupled to a sensor, detecting from the telemetry information a disturbance that is adverse to one of waveguide system operations, the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves along the wire surface or waveguide surface, or a combination thereof, and report the disturbance. The waveguide system may comprise a waveguide that can be placed with respect to a wire of an electrical network that facilitates distribution of electrical energy to devices. The waveguide can also facilitate transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves along a wire surface of the wire, while the sensor can facilitate detection of adverse disturbances to electromagnetic waves.
One embodiment of the description includes a method for receiving, by a network element comprising a processor, telemetry information of a waveguide system, determining, by the network element, a disturbance from the included detection data. in the telemetry information, and transmit, by the network element, instructions to the waveguide system to adjust a route of the electromagnetic waves to avoid or compensate for the determined disturbance. The waveguide system can facilitate transmission of electromagnetic waves along a surface of a wire of an electrical network and detection of adverse disturbances to the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves.
One embodiment of the description includes a machine-readable storage medium (for example, computer readable, processor readable, etc.), which has executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate operations performance, which include receiving telemetry information from an apparatus that includes electromagnetic waves on a surface of a wire of an electrical network for distribution of communication signals to a receiving communication device coupled to the electrical network, and detecting a disturbance from the information telemetry that is adverse to a distribution of the communication signals to the receiving communication device.
One embodiment of the description includes a waveguide system comprising a first waveguide, a second waveguide, and a memory that includes instructions executable by a processor. The first waveguide can be placed with respect to a first wire of an electrical network that facilitates distribution of electrical energy to devices. The first waveguide facilitates transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that propagate along a first surface of the first wire to carry communications data. The second waveguide can be placed with respect to a second wire of the electrical network to facilitate transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that propagate along a second surface of the second wire. In an exemplary embodiment, the first wire corresponds to a main communication link of the electricity network, while the second wire corresponds to a secondary communication link of the electricity network. The processor can carry out operations that include detecting a communication failure in the main communication link that is adverse to the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves carrying the communication data, and redirecting the transmission or reception by the second waveguide of electromagnetic waves that carry the communication data to the secondary communication link in response to the detection of the communication failure.
One embodiment of the description includes a communication system comprising a plurality of waveguide systems and a memory that includes instructions executable by a processor. Each of the plurality of waveguide systems can facilitate transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that carry communications data directed to a receiving device and propagate along surfaces of a first wire or a second wire of an electrical network. . In an exemplary embodiment, the first wire of the power grid is used as a main communication link, while the second wire of the power grid is used as a backup communication link. The processor may carry out operations that include instructing a first waveguide system of the plurality of waveguide systems to redirect transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that carry the communication data to the backup communication link in response to the detection of a communication failure in the main communication link.
One embodiment of the description includes a method to detect a communication failure in a first wire of an electrical network that affects a transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that transport data and propagate along surfaces of the first wire, select a medium of backup communication of a plurality of backup media according to selection criteria, and redirect the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that transport the data to the backup communication medium to avoid communication failure.
One embodiment of the description includes a method for detecting an impediment, the impediment that negatively affects a propagation of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a wire, and adjusting a communication mode for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves on the surface of the wire to mitigate the impediment.
One embodiment of the description includes a waveguide system that includes a waveguide that facilitates transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that propagate along a surface of a wire, memory that stores instructions, and a processor coupled to the same. The processor can carry out operations that include detecting a condition that negatively affects a propagation of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a wire, and adjusting a wave propagation mode of the electromagnetic waves transmitted or received by the waveguide to reduce effects Adverse caused by the condition.
One embodiment of the description includes a machine readable device, which includes instructions. In response to the execution of the instructions, a processor may carry out operations that include detecting a signal degradation cable source that adversely affects a propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by a waveguide system on a surface of a wire, and adjust characteristics of the electromagnetic zones generated by the waveguide system to reduce adverse effects caused by the source of signal interference.
Several embodiments described herein refer to a waveguide coupling system for launching and extracting guided wave transmissions (for example, surface wave communications that are electromagnetic waves) of a wire. At millimeter wave frequencies (for example, 30 300 GHz), where the wavelength can be small compared to the size of the equipment, transmissions can be propagated as waves guided by a waveguide, such as a strip or length of dielectric materials or other coupler. The electromagnetic field structure of the guided wave can be inside and / or outside the waveguide. When this length is placed in proximity with a wire (for example, a public service line or other transmission line), at least a portion of the guided waves are decoupled from the waveguide and coupled to the wire, and continue to propagate as guided waves, such as surface waves around the wire surface.
According to an example embodiment, a surface wave is a type of guided wave that is guided by a wire surface, which may include an outer or outer surface of the wire, or another wire surface that is adjacent to or exposed to another type. of medium having different properties (for example, dielectric properties). In fact, in an exemplary embodiment, a wire surface that guides a surface wave can represent a transition surface between two different types of media. For example, in the case of a bare or uninsulated cable, the wire surface may be the outer or outer conductive surface of the bare or uninsulated wire that is exposed to air or free space. As another example, in the case of insulated wire, the wire surface may be the conductive portion of the wire that meets the insulating portion of the wire, or it may otherwise be the insulating surface air or readable space, or it may be region of material between the wire and the conductive portion with the insulating portion of the wire that is otherwise exposed to be any insulating surface of the wire that is found wire, depending on the relative differences in properties (for example, dielectric properties) of the insulator, air, and / or the conductor and dependent in addition to the frequency and mode or modes of propagation of the guided wave.
According to an exemplary embodiment, guided waves such as surface waves can be compared with radio transmissions through free space / air or conventional propagation of electrical energy or signals through the wire conductor. In reality, with guided wave systems or surface waves described herein, conventional electrical signals or energy can still be propagated or transmitted through the wire conductor, while guided waves (which include surface waves and other electromagnetic waves ) can be propagated or transmitted around the wire surface, according to an example embodiment. In one embodiment, a surface wave may have a field structure (for example, an electromagnetic field structure) that is primarily or substantially outside the line, wire, or transmission medium that serves to guide the surface wave.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the electromagnetic waves that travel along the wire and around the outer surface of the wire are induced by other electromagnetic waves that travel along a waveguide in proximity to the wire. The induction of the electromagnetic waves can be independent of any electrical potential, charge or current that is adjacent or is otherwise transmitted through the wires as part of an electrical circuit. It will be appreciated that while a small current can be formed in the wire in response to the propagation of the electromagnetic wave along the wire, this may be due to the propagation of the electromagnetic wave along the surface of the wire, and is not formed in response to the potential, charge or electrical current that is adjacent to the wire as part of an electrical circuit. Electromagnetic waves that travel over the wire therefore do not require a circuit to propagate along the wire surface. The wire is therefore a single wire transmission line that is not part of a circuit. Also, in some embodiments, a wire is not necessary, and electromagnetic waves can propagate along a single-line transmission medium that is not a wire.
According to an example embodiment, the term around a wire used in conjunction with a guided wave (for example, surface wave) may include fundamental wave propagation modes and other guided waves that have a circular or substantially circular field distribution ( for example, electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, etc.), at least partially around a wire or other means of transmission. In addition, when a guided wave propagates around a wire or other transmission medium, it can do so in accordance with a wave propagation mode that includes not only the fundamental modes of wave propagation (for example, zero order modes) but in addition or alternatively other non-fundamental wave propagation modes such as higher order guided wave modes (for example, 1-mode modes<sup>er</sup> order, modes 2<sup>do</sup> order, etc.), asymmetric modes and / or other guided waves (eg, surface) that have non-circular field distributions around a wire or other transmission medium.
For example, these non-circular field distributions may be unilateral or multilateral with one or more axial lobes characterized by relatively greater field strength and / or one or more null or null regions characterized by relatively low field strength, zero intensity field intensity. substantially zero field.
In addition, the field distribution may vary in another way as a function of an axial orientation such that an electric around greater than axial, one or longitudinal around the wire plus regions of the orientation of such an axial wire or magnetic one or more agreements with of one they have a combination field strength that is other regions of the example modality orientation. It will be appreciated that the relative positions of the wave modes or asymmetric guided modes travel along the
With reference now of greater order they can vary according to the wire wave.
The figure shows a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting example of
The system surrounding an example waveguide communication wave communication system 100 in which dielectric waveguide coupling can be used.
The communication system comprises a first case of one includes one or more guiding devices 100.
represents a guided wave system 100 may distributed system 150 which base station (for example, base station device 104) communicatively coupled to a central office 101 and / or a macro23 cell 102 site, The device Base station 104 can be connected by a wired connection (for example, fiber and / or cable), or by a wireless connection (for example, wireless by microwave) to the macro-cell site 102 and the central office 101. A second case of distributed system 160 can be used to provide wireless voice and data services to mobile device 122 and residential and / or commercial establishments 142 (hereinafter referred to as establishments 142). System 100 may have additional cases of distribution systems 150 and 160 to provide voice and / or data services to mobile devices 122-124 and establishments 142 as shown in Figure 1.
The macro-cells such as the macro-cell site 102 may have dedicated connections to the mobile network and the base station device 104 may share and / or otherwise use the macro-cell site connection 102. The head office 101 it can be used to distribute multimedia content and / or provide internet service provider (ISP) services to mobile devices 122-124 and establishments 142. The central office 101 may receive multimedia content from a constellation of satellites 130 (one of which is shown in Figure 1) or other content sources, and distribute this content to mobile devices 122-124 and establishments 142 through the first and second cases of the distribution system 150 and 160. The central office 101 can also be connected communicatively to the Internet 103 to provide service
<td>internet data</td><td colspan="2">to mobile devices</td><td>122-124 and</td>
<td>establishments 142.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The device of</td><td>Base station</td><td>104 can</td><td>ride on</td>
<td>or join the post</td><td>of service</td><td>public 116.</td><td>In others</td>
modalities, the base station device 104 may be near transformers and / or other locations located near a power line. The base station device 104 may facilitate connectivity to a mobile network by mobile devices 122 and 124. Antennas 112 and 114, mounted on or near public service poles 118 and 120, respectively, can receive signals from the base station device 104 and transmit those signals to mobile devices 122 and 124 across a much wider area than if the antennas 112 and
114 they will be placed on or near the base station device 104.
It is noted that Figure 1 represents three public service posts, in each case of distribution systems 150 and 160, with a base station device, for simplicity purposes. In other embodiments, the public service post 116 may have more base station devices, and more public service posts with distributed antennas and / or connections attached to establishments 142.
A dielectric waveguide coupling device 106 can transmit the signal from the base station device 104 to antennas 112 and 114 through electrical or utility lines connecting public service poles 116, 118 and 120. To transmit the signal, the coupler and / or radio source 106 raises the frequency of the signal (for example, through frequency mixing) of the base station device 104 or otherwise converts the signal of the base station device 104 to a millimeter waveband signal and the dielectric waveguide coupling device 106 throws a millimeter waveband wave that propagates as a guided wave (e.g., surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) that travels along the public service line or other wire. On the public service post 118, another dielectric waveguide coupling device 108 receives the guided wave (and optionally can be amplified as necessary or desired or operated as a digital repeater to receive and regenerate it) and sends it forward as a guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) in the public service line or other wire. The dielectric waveguide coupling device
108 you can also extract a signal from the guided wave of the millimeter wave band, reduce it in frequency or convert it to its original cell band frequency (for example,
1.9
GHz or other defined cell frequency) or other cell band (or non-cell) frequency. An antenna 112 can transmit (for example, wirelessly transmit) the reduced frequency signal to the mobile device 122. The process can be repeated by the dielectric waveguide coupling device 110, antenna 114 and mobile device 124, as necessary or desirable.
Transmissions of mobile devices 122 and 124 can also be received by antennas 112 and 114 respectively. Repeaters in the dielectric waveguide coupling devices 108 and 110 can raise the frequency or otherwise convert the cellular band signals to the millimeter waveband and transmit the signals as guided wave transmissions (e.g., surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) through the power lines to the base station device 104.
The multimedia content received by the central office 101 can be supplied to the second case of the distribution system 160 through the base station device 104 for distribution to mobile devices 122 and establishments 142. The dielectric waveguide coupling device 110 may be attached to establishments 142 by one or more wired connections or a wireless interface. The one or more wired connections may include, without limitation, an electrical line, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber cable, a twisted pair cable, or other wired means suitable for distribution of multimedia content and / or to provide internet services . In an exemplary embodiment, the wired connections of the waveguide coupling device 110 can be communicatively coupled to one or more very high bit rate (VDSL) digital subscriber line modems located in one or more area interfaces. corresponding service (UPS not shown), each UPS that provides services to a portion of the establishments
142. VDSL modems can be used to selectively distribute multimedia content and / or provide internet services to gateways (not shown) located in establishments 142. UPSs can also be communicatively coupled to establishments 142 through such a wired medium such as a power line, a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, a twisted pair cable, or other suitable wired means. In other exemplary embodiments, the waveguide coupling device 110 can be communicatively coupled directly to establishments
142 without intermediate interfaces such as UPS.
In another example mode, the system
100 you can use diversity routes, where two or more public service lines or other wires are strung between the public service posts 116, 118, and 120 (for example, two or more wires between the posts 116 redundant transmissions of the base station 104 as guided waves down the surface of public service lines or other wires. The public service lines or other wires can be either isolated or non-isolated, and depending on the environmental conditions that cause transmission losses, the coupling devices can selectively receive signals from the public, isolated or non-isolated or other service lines. wires Selection based on measurements of the signal to noise ratio of the wires, or based on the determined environmental / climatic conditions (for example, humidity detectors, weather forecasts, etc.). The use of diversity routes with the system 100 may allow for alternate routing capabilities, load balancing, increased load handling, concurrent synchronous or bidirectional communications, spread spectrum communications, etc., (see Figure 8 for more illustrative details).
It is noted that the use of the dielectric waveguide coupling devices 106, 108 and 110 in Figure 1 are by way of example only, and that other uses are possible in other embodiments. For example, dielectric waveguide coupling devices can be used in a re-routing communication system, which provides network connectivity to base station devices. Dielectric waveguide coupling devices can be used in many circumstances where it is desirable to transmit guided wave communications through a wire, either isolated or non-isolated. Dielectric waveguide coupling devices are improvements with respect to other coupling devices due to lack of contact or electrical and / or physical contact limited with wires that can carry high voltages. With dielectric waveguide coupling devices, the apparatus can be placed away from the wire (for example, separated from the wire) and / or placed on the wire as long as it is not electrically in contact with the wire, since the dielectric acts as an insulator, which allows economical, easy installation, and / or less, however, as previously indicated, complex or non-dielectric conductive couplers. They cannot be used for example in configurations where the wires correspond to a telephone network, cable television network, data service
<td>broadband system</td><td>communications</td><td>from</td><td colspan="2">fiber optic or other</td>
<td>network that employs low</td><td>voltages or</td><td>what</td><td>It has lines</td><td>from</td>
<td>isolated transmission.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>It is also noted,</td><td>that in both</td><td>what</td><td>the device</td><td>from</td>
Base station 104 and macro-cell site 102 are illustrated in one embodiment, other network configurations are equally possible. For example, devices such as access points or other wireless gateways can be employed in a similar manner to extend the reach of other networks such as a wireless local area network, a wireless personal area network or other wireless network that operates According to a communication protocol such as an 802.11 protocol, WIMAX protocol, ultra-wideband protocol, Bluetooth protocol, Zigbee protocol, or other wireless protocols.
Turning now to Figure 2, a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupling system 200 in accordance with different aspects described herein. The system 200 comprises a dielectric waveguide 204 having a wave 206 that propagates as a guided wave around a waveguide surface of the dielectric waveguide 204. In one embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 204 is curved, and at least a portion of the waveguide 204 may be placed near a wire 202 in order to facilitate coupling between waveguide 204 and wire 202, as It is described herein. The dielectric waveguide 204 can be positioned such that a portion of the curved dielectric waveguide 204 is parallel or substantially parallel to the wire 202. The portion of the dielectric waveguide 204 which is parallel to the wire may be an apex of the curve, or any point where a tangent of the curve is parallel to the wire 202. When the dielectric waveguide 204 is positioned or positioned in this way, the wave 206 that travels along the dielectric waveguide 204 is coupled at least in part to the wire 202, and propagates as a guided wave 208 around or near the wire surface of wire 202 and longitudinally along the wire
202. The guided wave 208 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave, although other types of guided waves 208 can also be supported without departing from the example embodiments. A portion of the wave 206 that does not engage the wire 202 is provided as a wave 210 along the dielectric waveguide 204.
It will be appreciated that the dielectric waveguide 204 can be configured and arranged in a variety of positions with respect to wire 202 to achieve a desired level of coupling or non-coupling of wave 206 to wire 202. For example, the curvature and / or length of the dielectric waveguide 204 that is parallel or substantially parallel, as well as its separation distance (which may include zero separation distance in one embodiment), to wire 202 can be varied without separate from example modalities. Similarly, the arrangement of the dielectric waveguide 204 with respect to the wire 202 can be varied based on considerations of the respective intrinsic characteristics (eg, thickness, composition, electromagnetic properties, etc.), of the wire 202 and the dielectric waveguide 204, as well as the characteristics (for example, frequency, energy level, etc.), of waves 206 and 208.
Guided wave 208 remains parallel or substantially parallel to wire 202, even as wire 202 bends and flexes. Wire bends 202 can increase transmission losses, which are also dependent on wire diameters, frequency, and materials. If the dimensions of the dielectric waveguide 204 are chosen for efficient energy transfer, most of the energy in wave 206 is transferred to wire 202, with little energy remaining in wave 210. It will be appreciated that guided wave 208 can still be multimodal by nature (discussed herein), which includes that it has modes that are not fundamental or asymmetric, while traveling along a route that is parallel or substantially parallel to the wire. 202, with or without a fundamental transmission mode. In one embodiment, non-fundamental or asymmetric modes can be used to minimize transmission losses and / or obtain increased propagation distances.
It is noted that the parallel term is generally a geometric construction that is often not exactly achievable in real systems. Consequently, the parallel term as used in the description represents an approximation rather than an exact configuration when used to describe modalities described in the description. In one embodiment, substantially parallel can include approximations that are within 30 degrees of true parallel in all dimensions.
In one embodiment, wave 206 may exhibit one or more wave propagation modes. The dielectric waveguide modes may be dependent on the shape and / or design of the waveguide 204. The one or more wavelength waveguide modes of the wave 206 may generate, influence, or impact one or more modes. of wave propagation of the guided wave 208 that propagates along the wire 202. In one embodiment, the wave propagation modes on the wire 202 may be similar to the dielectric waveguide modes since both waves 206 and 208 propagate around the outside of the dielectric waveguide 204 and wire 202 respectively. In some embodiments, as wave 206 is coupled to wire 202, the modes may change shape, or new modes may remain or be created or generated, due to the coupling between dielectric waveguide 204 and wire 202. For example, differences in size, material, and / or impedances of the dielectric waveguide 204 and wire 202 may create additional modes not present in the dielectric waveguide modes and / or suppress some of the waveguide modes. dielectric The wave propagation modes may comprise the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode (Quasi-TEMoo), where only small electric and / or magnetic fields extend in the direction of propagation, and the electric and magnetic fields extend radially outward as long as that the guided wave propagates along the wire. This guided wave mode can be donut-shaped, where few of the electromagnetic fields exist within the dielectric waveguide 204 or wire
202.
The waves 206 and 208 may comprise a fundamental TEM mode where the fields extend radially outward, and also comprise other non-fundamental modes (eg, asymmetric, of greater than particular wave propagation modes are discussed above, others are equally possible Wave propagation modes such as transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes, based on the frequencies used, the dielectric waveguide design
204, the dimensions and composition of the wire
202, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc. It should be noted that, depending on the frequency, the electrical and physical characteristics of the wire 202 and the particular wave propagation modes that are generated, the guided wave 208 can travel along the conductive surface of an oxidized non-insulated wire, a non-oxidized non-insulated wire, an insulated wire and / or along the insulating surface of an insulated wire.
In one embodiment, a diameter of the dielectric waveguide 204 is smaller than the diameter of the wire 202. For the millimeter band wavelength that is used, the dielectric waveguide 204 supports an individual waveguide mode that conforms wave 206. This individual waveguide mode can change as wire 202 is coupled as surface wave 208. If the dielectric waveguide 204 is larger, more than one waveguide mode may be supported, but these additional waveguide modes may not engage the wire 202 so efficiently, and greater coupling losses may result. However, in some alternative embodiments, the diameter of the dielectric waveguide 204 may be equal to or larger than the diameter of the wire 202, for example, where greater coupling losses are desirable or when used in conjunction with other techniques to reduce otherwise coupling losses (eg impedance coupling with reduction, etc.).
In one embodiment, the wavelength of waves 206 and 208 are comparable in size, or smaller than a circumference of the dielectric waveguide 204 and wire 202. In one example, if wire 202 has a diameter of 0.5 cm, and a corresponding circumference of about 1.5 cm, the transmission length is about 1.5 cm or less, corresponding to a frequency of 20 GHz or more. In another mode, an adequate frequency of the transmission and the carrier wave signal is in the range of 30-100 GHz, maybe around 30-60 GHz, and about 38 GHz in an example · In one mode, when the circumference of the dielectric waveguide 204 and the wire 202 is comparable in size with, or greater than, a transmission wavelength, waves 206 and 208 may exhibit multiple wave propagation modes that include fundamental and / or non-fundamental modes (symmetric and / or asymmetric) that propagate over sufficient distances to support different communication systems described herein. The waves 206 and 208 can therefore comprise more than one type of electric and magnetic field configuration. In one embodiment, as the guided wave 208 propagates through the wire 202, the electric and magnetic field configurations will remain the same from end to end of the wire 202. In other embodiments, as the guided wave 208 encounters interference or loses energy due to losses. For transmission, the electric and magnetic field configurations may change as guided wave 208 propagates through wire 202.
In one embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 204 may be composed of nylon, Teflon, polyethylene, a polyamide, or other plastics. In other embodiments, other dielectric materials are possible. The wire surface of the wire 202 may be metallic with either a bare metal surface, or it may be insulated using plastic, dielectric, insulator or other coating. In one embodiment, a dielectric or otherwise non-conductive / insulated waveguide can be matched with either a bare / metallic wire or insulated wire. In other embodiments, a metallic and / or conductive waveguide can be paired with a bare / metallic wire or insulated wire. In one embodiment, an oxidation layer on the bare metal surface of the wire 202 (for example, resulting from exposure of the bare metal surface to oxygen / air) can also provide insulation or dielectric properties similar to those provided by some insulators or coatings .
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 206, 208 and 210 are simply presented to illustrate the principles that wave 206 induces or otherwise launches a guided wave 208 on a wire 202 that operates, for example, as a transmission line of single wire Wave 210 represents the portion of wave 206 that remains in dielectric waveguide 204 after generation of guided wave 208. The actual magnetic and electric fields generated as a result of this wave propagation may vary depending on the frequencies employed, the particular wave propagation mode or modes, the design of the dielectric waveguide 204, the dimensions and composition of the wire 202, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
It is noted that the dielectric waveguide 204 may include a termination circuit or regulator 214 of the end of the dielectric waveguide 204 that can absorb excess radiation or wave energy 210. The termination circuit or regulator 214 may prevent and / or minimize the excess radiation or wave 210 energy that is reflected back to the transmitter circuit 212. In one embodiment, the termination circuit or regulator 214 may include termination resistors, and / or other components that perform impedance coupling to attenuate the reflection. In some embodiments, if the coupling efficiencies are sufficiently high, and / or the wave 210 is sufficiently small, it may not be necessary to use a termination circuit or regulator 214. For simplicity, this transmitter and termination circuits or regulators 212 and 214 are not represented in the other figures, but in those embodiments, the transmitter and termination circuits or regulators may possibly be used.
In addition, as long as an individual dielectric waveguide 204 is presented which generates an individual guided wave 208, multiple dielectric waveguide 204 can be used placed at different points along the wire 202 and / or at different axial orientations around the wire. to generate and receive multiple guided waves 208 at the same or different frequencies, at the same or different phases, in the same or different wave propagation modes. The guided wave or waves 208 can be modulated to transport data through a modulation technique such as phase shift modulation, frequency shift modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation, amplitude modulation, multi-carrier modulation and through techniques of multiple access such as frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing code division multiplexing, multiplexing through different wave propagation modes and through other modulation and access strategies.
Turning now to Figure 3, a block diagram of a non-limiting mode is illustrated, for example of a gui coupling system; according to different aspects system 300 comprises a wire guide 302 having a guided wave wave around a wire 302. In a mode i of the dielectric wave 300 described herein. The dielectric wave 304 and a
<td>306 that is</td><td colspan="2">propagate as</td><td>a</td>
<td>surface</td><td>from</td><td>wire</td><td>of the</td>
<td>as an example,</td><td>the</td><td>wave 30 6</td><td>I know</td>
It can characterize as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave.
In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 304 is curved or otherwise has a curvature, and can be placed near a wire 302 such that a portion of the curved dielectric waveguide 304 is parallel or substantially parallel to wire 302. The portion of dielectric waveguide 304 that is parallel to the wire can be an apex of the curve, or any point where a tangent of the curve is parallel to wire 302. When the dielectric waveguide 304 is near the wire, the guided wave 306 that travels along the wire 302 can be coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 and propagated as a guided wave 308 around the dielectric waveguide 304. A portion of the guided wave 306 that is not coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 is propagated as guided wave 310 (e.g., surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) along the wire 302.
Guided waves 306 and 308 remain parallel to wire 302 and dielectric waveguide 304, respectively, even as wire 302 and dielectric waveguide 304 flex and bend. Push-ups can increase transmission losses, which are also dependent on wire diameters, frequency, and materials. If the dimensions of the dielectric waveguide
304 they are chosen for efficient energy transfer, the majority of the energy in the guided wave 306 is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 and low in the guided wave 310.
In one embodiment, a receiver circuit may be placed at the end of waveguide 304 in order to receive wave 308. A termination circuit may be placed at the opposite end of waveguide 304 in order to receive guided waves. traveling in the opposite direction to the guided wave 306 that are coupled to the waveguide 304. The termination circuit would thus help to prevent and / or minimize the reflections received by the receiving circuit. If the reflections are small, the termination circuit may not be necessary.
It is noted that the dielectric waveguide 304 can be configured in such a way that the selected polarizations of the surface wave 306 are coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 as guided wave 308. For example, if the guided wave 306 is composed of waves Guided or wave propagation modes with respective polarizations, dielectric waveguide 304 may be configured to receive one or more guided waves of selected polarizations. The guided wave 308 that is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 is therefore the set of guided waves that correspond to one or more of the selected polarizations, and in addition the guided wave 310 can comprise the guided waves that do not couple to Selected polarizations.
The dielectric waveguide 304 can be configured to receive guided waves of a particular polarization based on an angle / rotation around the wire 302 where the dielectric waveguide 304 is placed. For example, if the guided wave 306 is polarized from horizontally, most of the guided wave 306 is transferred to the dielectric waveguide as wave 308. As dielectric waveguide 304 is rotated 90 degrees around wire 302, although, most of the energy of guided wave 306 would remain coupled to the wire as guided wave 310, and only a small portion would be coupled to wire 302 as wave 308.
It is noted that waves 306, 308, and 310 are shown using three circular symbols in Figure 3 and in other figures in the specification. These symbols are used to represent a general guided wave, but do not imply that waves 306, 308, and 310 are necessarily circularly polarized or otherwise circularly oriented. In fact, waves 306, 308, and 310 may comprise a fundamental TEM mode where the fields extend radially outward, and also comprise other non-fundamental modes (eg, higher level, etc.). These modes can be asymmetric (for example, radial, bilateral, trilateral, quadrilateral, etc.), by nature as well.
It is also noted that wire guided wave communications can be duplex, which allow simultaneous communications in both directions. Waves that travel in one direction can pass through waves that travel in an opposite direction. Electromagnetic fields can be canceled at certain points and for a short time due to the principle of superposition as applied to waves. Waves traveling in opposite directions propagate as if the other waves were not there, but the composite effect for an observer can be a stationary wave pattern. As guided waves pass through each other and are no longer in a state of overlap, interference decreases. As a guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) is coupled to a waveguide and moves away from the wire, any interference due to other guided waves (for example, surface waves or another electromagnetic wave) decreases. In one embodiment, as guided wave 306 (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) approaches dielectric wave guide 304, another guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) (not shown) traveling from left to
<img file="MX366100B_D0001.tif" />
right on wire 302 passes causing local interference. As guided wave 306 is coupled to dielectric waveguide 304 as wave 308, and moves away from wire 302, any interference due to the through guided wave decreases.
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 306, 308 and 310 are presented simply to illustrate the principles that guided wave 306 induces or otherwise launches a wave 308 on a dielectric waveguide 304. Guided wave 310 represents the portion of guided wave 306 that remains on wire 302 after wave generation 308. The actual magnetic and electric fields generated as a result of this guided wave propagation may vary depending on one or more of the shape and / or design of the dielectric waveguide, the relative position of the dielectric waveguide to the wire, the frequencies used, the design of the dielectric waveguide 304, the dimensions and composition of the wire 302, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
Turning now to Figure 4, a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupling system 400 in accordance with different aspects described herein. The system 400 comprises a dielectric waveguide 404 having a wave 406 that propagates as a guided wave around a waveguide surface of the dielectric waveguide 404. In one embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 404 is curved, and one end of the dielectric waveguide 404 can be mechanically attached, attached, or coupled to a wire 402. When the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 is attached to the wire 402, the end of dielectric waveguide 404 is parallel or substantially parallel to wire 402. Alternatively, another portion of the dielectric waveguide may be held beyond one end or coupled to the wire 402 such that the fastened or coupled portion is parallel or substantially parallel to the wire 402. The coupling device 410 may be a nylon cable tie or other non-conductive / dielectric material that is either separated from the dielectric waveguide 404 or constructed as an integrated component of the dielectric waveguide 404. The dielectric waveguide 404 may be adjacent to the wire 402 without circling the wire 402.
When the dielectric waveguide 404 is positioned with the end parallel to the wire 402, the guided wave 406 that travels along the dielectric waveguide 404 is coupled to the wire 402, and propagates as a guided wave 408 around the surface wire wire 402. In an exemplary embodiment, guided wave 408 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave.
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 406 and 408 are presented simply to illustrate the principles that wave 406 induces or otherwise launches a guided wave.
408 on a wire 402 that propagates, for example, as a single wire transmission line. The actual electric magnetic fields generated as a result of this wave propagation may vary depending on one more of the shape and / or design of the dielectric waveguide, the relative position of the dielectric waveguide to the wire, the frequencies employed, the dielectric waveguide design
404, wire dimensions and composition
404, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
In one embodiment, one end of the dielectric waveguide 404 may tape to the wire 402 in order to increase coupling efficiencies. In fact, the decrease in the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 may provide impedance coupling to the wire 402, in accordance with an example embodiment of the description. For example, one end of the dielectric waveguide 404 can be tapered gradually so as to obtain a desired level of coupling between waves 406 and 408 as illustrated in Figure 4.
In one embodiment, the coupling device 410 can be positioned such that there is a short length of the dielectric waveguide 404 between the coupling device 410 and one end of the dielectric waveguide 404. Efficiencies of Maximum coupling when the length of the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 that is beyond the coupling device 410 is at least several wavelengths long for any frequency that is transmitted.
Turning now to Figure 5, a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated, for example of a dielectric waveguide coupler and transceiver system 500 (collectively referred to herein as system 500) according to different aspects described in the present. The system 500 comprises a transmitter / receiver device 506 that releases and receives a wave (for example, guided wave 504 in the dielectric waveguide 502). Guided waves 504 can be used to carry signals received from and sent to a base station 520, mobile devices 522, or a building 524 by means of a communication interface 501. Communication interface 501 can be a part
<img file="MX366100B_D0002.tif" />
integral of the system 500. Alternatively, the communication interface 501 may be attached to the system 500. The communication interface 501 may comprise a wireless interface to interface with the base station 520, mobile devices 522, or building 524 using any of different Wireless signaling protocols (for example, LTE, WiFi, WiMAX, IEEE 802.xx, etc.). The communication interface 501 may also comprise a wired interface such as a fiber optic line, coaxial cable, twisted pair, or other wired means suitable for transmitting signals to the base station 520 or building 524. For modalities where the system
<td colspan="5">500 works as a repeater, the communications interface</td>
<td> 501</td><td colspan="2">It may not be necessary.</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>The signs of</td><td>exit</td><td>(for example, Tx)</td><td>of the interface</td>
<td>from</td><td>communications</td><td>501 se</td><td>can combine</td><td>with a wave</td>
Millimeter wave carrier generated by a local oscillator 512 in the frequency mixer 510. The frequency mixer 510 heterodination communications may use techniques of other frequency frequency techniques.
<td>from</td><td>Change of</td><td>frequency</td><td>to change</td>
<td>the</td><td>signals of</td><td>departure from</td><td>the interface</td>
<td> 501.</td><td>For example,</td><td colspan="2">the signals sent to and</td>
that of communications
the interface
501 they can be modulated signals such as frequency division multiplexed, orthogonal (OFDM) signals in a format according to a wireless Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol or other 3G, 4G, 5G wireless protocol or superior voice and data protocol , a Zigbee, WIMAX, Ultra Wideband or IEEE 802.11 wireless protocol or other wireless protocol. In an example mode, this frequency conversion can be performed in the analog domain, and as a result, the frequency change can be performed without taking into account the type of communication protocol used by the base station 520, mobile devices 522, or devices in building 524. As new communications technologies are developed, the communications interface 501 can be updated or replaced and the transmission and frequency change apparatus can remain, simplifying the updates. The power wave can then be sent to a power amplifier (PA) 514 and can be transmitted through the receiver / transmitter device 506 through the diplexer 516.
The signals received from the transmitter / receiver device 506 that are directed to the communication interface 501 can be separated from other signals through the diplexer 516. The transmission can then be sent to the low noise amplifier (LNA) 518 for amplification. A frequency mixer 521, with the help of local oscillator 512, can reduce the transmission frequency (which is in the millimeter wave band or about 38 GHz in some modes) to the native frequency. The communication interface 501 can then receive the transmission at an input port (Rx).
In one embodiment, the transmitter / receiver device 506 may include a cylindrical or non-cylindrical metal (which, for example, may be hollow in one mode, but is not necessarily drawn to scale) or another conductive or non-conductive waveguide and a end of the dielectric waveguide 502 can be placed in or in proximity to the waveguide or the transmitter / receiver device 506 such that when the transmitter / receiver device 506 generates a transmission, the guided wave is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 and propagated as a guided wave 504 around the waveguide surface of the dielectric waveguide 502. Similarly, if the guided wave 504 is incoming (coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 of a wire), the guided wave 504 can then be introduced to the transmitter / receiver device cylindrical wave or waveguide transmitter / receiver device a separate waveguide
506 and attaches to the driver guide. While the
506 It is shown that includes can use an antenna, cavity resonator, klystron, magnetron, wave tube
<img file="MX366100B_D0003.tif" />
progressive, or other radiator element to induce a guided wave in waveguide 502, without the separate waveguide.
In one embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 502 can be constructed entirely of a dielectric material (or other suitable insulating material), without any metallic material or other material other conductive therein. The dielectric waveguide 502 may be composed of nylon, Teflon, polyethylene, a polyamide, other plastics, or other materials that are not conductive and suitable to facilitate the transmission of electromagnetic waves on an outer surface of these materials. In another embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 502 may include a core that is conductive / metallic, and has an outer dielectric surface. Similarly, a transmission medium that is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 for propagation of electromagnetic waves induced by the dielectric waveguide 502 or for the supply of electromagnetic waves to the dielectric waveguide 502 can be constructed entirely of a dielectric material (or other suitable insulating material), without any metallic or other conductive material therein.
It is noted that although Figure 5 shows that the opening of the receiver / transmitter device 506 is much wider than the dielectric waveguide 502, it is not to scale, and that in other embodiments the width of the dielectric waveguide 502 is comparable or slightly smaller than the hollow waveguide opening. Also not shown, but in one embodiment, one end of the waveguide 502 that is inserted into the transmitter / receiver device 506 is tapered downward in order to reduce reflection and increase coupling efficiencies.
The transmitter / receiver device 506 can be communicatively coupled to a communication interface 501, and alternatively, the transmitter / receiver device 506 can also be communicatively coupled to the one or more distributed antennas 112 and 114 shown in the Figure 1. In other embodiments, the transmitter / receiver device 506 may comprise part of a repeater system for a redirection network.
Before coupling to the dielectric waveguide 502, the one or more waveguide modes of the guided wave generated by the transmitter / receiver device 506 may be coupled to one or more wave propagation modes of the guided wave 504. The Wave propagation modes may be different from hollow metal waveguide modes due to the different characteristics of the hollow metal waveguide and dielectric waveguide. For example, the wave propagation modes may comprise the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode (Quasi-TEMoo), where only small electric and / or magnetic fields extend in the direction of propagation, and the electric and magnetic fields extend radially outward of the 502 dielectric waveguide while the guided waves propagate along the 502 dielectric waveguide. The fundamental transverse electromagnetic wave propagation mode does not exist within a waveguide that is hollow. Therefore, the hollow metal waveguide modes that are used by the transmitter / receiver device 506 are waveguide modes that can effectively and efficiently be coupled to the wave propagation modes of the dielectric waveguide. 502
Turning now to Figure 6, a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting mode is illustrated, for example of a dual-dielectric waveguide coupling system 600 in accordance with different aspects described herein. In one embodiment, two or more dielectric waveguides (for example, 604 and 606) can be placed around a wire 602 in order to receive guided wave 608. In one embodiment, guided wave 608 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave. In one embodiment, a dielectric waveguide is sufficient to receive the guided wave 608. In that case, the guided wave
608 it is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 604 and propagated as a guided wave 610. If the field structure of the guided wave 608 oscillates or undulates around the wire 602 due to different external factors, then the dielectric waveguide 606 can be placed such that the guided wave 608 is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 606. In some embodiments, four or more dielectric waveguides may be placed around a portion of the wire 602, for example, at 90 degrees or other separation from each other, in order to receive guided waves that can oscillate or rotate. around the wire 602, which have been induced to different axial orientations or that have non-fundamental or higher order modes that, for example, have lobes and / or nulls or other asymmetries that are dependent on the orientation. However, it will be appreciated that there may be less or more than four dielectric waveguides placed around a portion of the wire 602 without departing from the example embodiments. It will also be appreciated that while some exemplary embodiments have presented a plurality of dielectric waveguides around at least a portion of a wire 602, this plurality of dielectric waveguides can also be considered as part of a single guidance system of dielectric wave that has multiple subcomponents of dielectric waveguide. For example, two or more dielectric waveguides can be manufactured as a single system that can be installed around a wire in an individual installation such that the dielectric waveguides are either pre-positioned or adjustable one with respect to to the other (either manually or automatically) according to the individual system. Receivers coupled to dielectric waveguides 606 and 604 can use diversity combination to combine signals received from both dielectric waveguides 606 and 604 in order to maximize the signal quality. In other embodiments, if one or the other of a dielectric waveguide 604 and 606 receives a transmission that is above a predetermined threshold, the receivers can use selection diversity when deciding which signal to use.
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 608 and 610 are presented simply to illustrate the principles that guided wave 608 induces or otherwise launches a wave
610 on a dielectric waveguide 604. The actual magnetic and electric fields generated by this wave propagation can vary as a result of depending on the frequencies employed, the design of the dielectric waveguide
604, wire dimensions and composition
602, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
Turning now to Figure 7, a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated, for example of a bi-directional, dielectric waveguide coupling system 700 according to different aspects described herein. In the system 700, two dielectric waveguides 704 and 714 can be placed near a wire 702 such that the guided waves (e.g., surface waves or other electromagnetic waves) that propagate along the wire 7 02 are they couple the dielectric waveguide 704 as waves 706, and then they are augmented or repeated by the repeater device 710 and launched as a guided wave 716 to the dielectric waveguide 714. The guided wave 716 can then be coupled to the wire 702 and continues to propagate along the wire 702. In one embodiment, the repeater device 710 can receive at least a portion of the energy used for augmentation or repetition through the magnetic coupling with wire 702, which can be an electric line.
In some embodiments, the repeater device 710 may repeat the transmission associated with wave 706, and in other embodiments, the repeater device 710 may be associated with a distributed antenna system and / or base station device located near the repeater device 710.
The receiving waveguide 708 can receive wave 706 from the dielectric waveguide 704 and the transmitting waveguide 712 can launch the guided wave 716 to the dielectric waveguide 714. Between the receiving waveguide 708 and the transmitting waveguide 712, the signal can be amplified to correct signal loss and other inefficiencies associated with guided wave communications or the signal can be received and processed to extract the data contained in the same and regenerate for transmission. In one embodiment, a signal can be extracted from the transmission and processed and broadcast in another way to nearby mobile devices through distributed antennas communicatively coupled to the repeater device 710. Similarly, signals and / or communications received by the antennas Distributed can be inserted into the transmission that is generated and launched to the dielectric waveguide 714 by the transmitter waveguide 712. Accordingly, the repeater system 700 shown in Figure 7 may be comparable in function with the dielectric waveguide coupling device 108 and 110 in Figure 1.
It is noted that although Figure 7 shows transmissions of guided waves 706 and 716 entering the left side and leaving the right side respectively, this is simply a simplification and is not intended to be limiting. In other embodiments, the receiver waveguide 708 and the transmitter waveguide 712 can function as transmitters and receivers respectively, which allows the repeater device 710 to be bidirectional.
In one embodiment, the repeater device 710 may be placed in locations where there are discontinuities or obstacles in the wire 702. These obstacles may include transformers, connections, utility poles, and other power line devices. The repeater device 710 can help guided waves (for example, surface waves) to jump over these obstacles in the line and increase the transmission power at the same time. In other embodiments, a dielectric waveguide can be used to jump over the obstacle without the use of a repeater device. In that mode, both ends of the dielectric waveguide can be attached or attached to the wire, thus providing a route for the guided wave to travel without being blocked by the obstacle.
Turning now to Figure 8, a block diagram of a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated, for example of a bidirectional dielectric waveguide coupler 800 according to different aspects described herein. The bi-directional dielectric waveguide coupler 800 can employ diversity routes in the case when two or more wires are strung between public service poles. Since guided wave transmissions have different transmission efficiencies and coupling efficiencies for insulated wires and non-insulated wires based on weather, precipitation and atmospheric conditions, it can be advantageous to selectively transmit either on an insulated wire or non-wire. Isolated at certain times.
In the mode shown in Figure 8, the repeater device uses a receiver waveguide 808 to receive a guided wave that travels along the non-insulated wire 802 and repeats the transmission using the transmitter waveguide 810 as a wave guided to along the insulated wire 804. In other embodiments, the repeater device can switch from isolated wire 804 to non-insulated wire 802, or it can repeat transmissions along the same routes, repeater device 806 can include sensors, or be in communication with sensors that indicate conditions that indicate They can affect the transmission. Based on the feedback received from the sensors, the repeater device 806 can determine whether to maintain the transmission along the same wire, or transfer the transmission to the other wire.
Turning now to Figure 9, a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting mode is illustrated, for example of a two-way repeater system 900. The two-way repeater system 900 includes waveguide coupling devices 902 and 904 that receive and transmit transmissions of other coupling devices located in a distributed antenna system or re-addressing system.
In different embodiments, the waveguide coupling device 902 can receive a transmission from another waveguide coupling device, wherein the transmission has a plurality of subcarriers. Diplexer 906 can separate the transmission from other transmissions, and direct the transmission to the low noise amplifier (LNA) 908. A frequency mixer 928, with the help of a local oscillator 912, can reduce the frequency of the transmission (which is in the band of millimeter waves or about 38 GHz in some modes) to a lower frequency, if it is a band cellular (~ 1.9 GHz) for a distributed antenna system, a native frequency, or another frequency for a redirection system. An extractor 932 can extract the signal on the subcarrier that corresponds to the antenna or other output component 922 and directs the signal to the output component 922. For signals that are not extracted at this antenna location, the extractor 932 can redirect them to another 936 frequency mixer, where the signals are used to modulate a carrier wave generated by the local oscillator 914. The carrier wave, with its subcarriers, is directed to a power amplifier (PA) 916 and is retransmitted by the waveguide coupling device 904 to another repeater system, through the diplexer 920.
In the output device 922 (antenna in a distributed antenna system), a PA 924 can increase the signal for transmission to the mobile device. An LNA 926 can be used to amplify weak signals that are received from the mobile device and then send the signal to a multiplexer
934 which combines the signal with signals that have been received from the waveguide coupling device
904.
The signals received from the coupling device 904 have been divided by the diplexer 920, and then passed through the LNA 918, with frequency reduction by the frequency mixer
938.
When the signals are combined by the multiplexer 934, they are increased in frequency by the frequency mixer 930, and then increased by the PA 910, and transmitted again to the launcher or another repeater by the waveguide coupling device 902 In one embodiment, the bidirectional repeater system 900 may be only a repeater without the antenna / output device
922.
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, a bidirectional repeater system 900 can also be implemented using two separate and separate unidirectional repeaters. In an alternative embodiment, a bidirectional repeater system 900 can also be an amplifier or otherwise carry out retransmissions without reduction and increase in frequency. In fact, in the mode of. For example, retransmissions can be based on receiving a guided signal or wave and carrying out some guided wave or signal processing or
<td>reformation,</td><td>filtration,</td><td>and / or amplification, before</td><td>of the</td>
<td>retransmission</td><td>Of the signal</td><td>or guided wave.</td><td></td>
<td>Getting back</td><td>now to</td><td>Figures 10A, 10B, and</td><td>10C, it</td>
illustrate block diagrams of non-limiting modalities, for example of a slotted waveguide coupler system 1000 according to different aspects described herein. In Figure 10A, the waveguide coupler system comprises a wire 1006 that is positioned with respect to a waveguide 1002, such that the wire 1006 fits into or near a groove formed in the waveguide 1002 that extends longitudinally with respect to wire 1004. Opposite ends 1004a and 1004b of waveguide 1002, and waveguide 1002 itself, circle less than 180 degrees of the wire surface of wire 1006.
In Figure 10B the waveguide coupler system comprises a wire 1014 that is positioned with respect to a waveguide 1008, such that the wire 1014 fits into or near a groove formed in the waveguide 1008 that is extends longitudinally with respect to the wire 1004. The groove surfaces of the waveguide 1008 may not be parallel, and two different example embodiments are shown in Figure 10B. In the first, the groove surfaces 1010a and 1010b may be non-parallel and point outward, slightly wider than the width of the wire 1014. In the other embodiment, the groove surfaces 1012a and 1012b may still be non-parallel, but narrow. to form a slot opening smaller than a width of the wire 1014. A range of angles of non-parallel groove surfaces is possible, of which these are two example embodiments.
In Figure 10C, the waveguide coupler system shows a wire 1020 that fits into a groove formed in the waveguide 1016. The groove surfaces 1018a and 1018b in this exemplary embodiment may be parallel, but the axis 1026 of wire 1020 does not align with axis 1024 of waveguide 1016. Waveguide 1016 and wire 1020 therefore do not align coaxially. In another embodiment, shown, a possible position of the wire at 1022 also has an axis 1028 that does not align with the axis.
<td>1024 of the</td><td>waveguide</td><td> 1016.</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>It goes</td><td>to appreciate</td><td>that while</td><td>three</td><td>modalities</td>
<td>different</td><td>that show</td><td>a) surfaces of</td><td>guide</td><td>wave that</td>
they circle less than 180 degrees of the wire, b) non-parallel groove surfaces, and c) waveguide and non-coaxially aligned wires were shown separately in Figures 10A, 10B and 10C, in different embodiments, various combinations are possible of the listed features.
Turning now to Figure 11, a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated, for example, of a waveguide coupling system 1100 according to different aspects described herein. Figure 11 represents a cross-sectional representation of the wire and waveguide modalities shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, etc.
<td>As you can see in</td><td> 1100,</td><td>the</td><td colspan="3">1104 wire</td><td colspan="2">can place</td>
<td>directly next</td><td>of y</td><td colspan="2">touching the</td><td>guide</td><td>from</td><td>wave 1102.</td><td>In</td>
<td>other modalities,</td><td>how</td><td>I know</td><td>shows</td><td>in</td><td>the</td><td>system</td><td>from</td>
Waveguide coupling 1200 in Figure 12, the wire 1204 can still be placed nearby, but without actually touching the waveguide strip 1202. In both cases, the electromagnetic waves that travel along the waveguides can induce other electromagnetic waves on the wires and vice versa. Also, in some embodiments, wires 1104 and 1204 are positioned outside the cross-sectional area defined by the outer surfaces of waveguides 1102 and 1202.
For the purposes of this description, a waveguide does not substantially surround a wire surface of a wire when the waveguide does not circle an axial region of the surface, when viewed in cross-section, of more than 180 degrees. For the avoidance of doubt, a waveguide does not substantially surround a surface of a wire when the waveguide circles an axial region of the surface, when viewed in cross-section, of 180 degrees or less.
It will be appreciated that while Figures 11 and 12 show wires 1104 and 1204 that have a circular shape and waveguides 1102 and 1202 that have rectangular shapes, this does not mean that it is limiting. In other embodiments, wires and waveguides may have a variety of shapes, sizes, and configurations. The shapes may include, but are not limited to: ovals or other ellipsoid shapes, octagons, quadrilaterals or other polygons with either sharp or rounded edges, or other shapes. In addition, in some embodiments, the wires 1104 and 1204 may be stranded wires comprising wires of smaller caliber, such as a helical wire, braid or other coupling of individual wires in a single wire. Any of the wires and waveguides shown in the figures and described throughout this description may include one or more of these modalities.
Figure 13 illustrates a process in connection with the aforementioned systems. The process in Figure 13 can be implemented, for example, by the systems 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 illustrated in Figures 1-9 respectively. While for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the process is shown and described as a series of blocks, it will be understood and appreciated that the claimed matter is not limited by the order of the blocks, since some blocks may be presented in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks of what is represented and described herein. In addition, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described hereafter.
Figure 13 illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a method for transmitting a transmission with a dielectric waveguide coupler as described herein. Method 1300 can begin in 1302 where a first electromagnetic wave is emitted by a transmission device such as a guided wave that propagates at least a part on a waveguide surface of a waveguide, where the guide surface of Waveguide wave does not completely or partially surround a wire surface of a wire. The transmission generated by a transmitter can be based on a signal received from a base station device, access point, network, a mobile device, or other signal source.
In 1304, based on the configuration and positioning of the waveguide in proximity to the wire, the guided wave then couples at least a portion of the first electromagnetic wave to a wire surface, which forms a second electromagnetic wave (for example, a surface wave) that propagates at least partially around the wire surface, where the wire is in proximity to the waveguide. This can be done in response to the positioning of a portion of the dielectric waveguide (for example, a tangent of a curve of the dielectric waveguide) near and parallel to the wire, where a length of the electromagnetic wave is smaller than a wire circumference and the dielectric waveguide. The guided wave, or surface wave, remains parallel to the wire even as the wire bends and flexes. Push-ups can increase transmission losses, which are also dependent on wire diameters, frequency, and materials. The coupling interface between the wire and the waveguide is also
<td>can set</td><td colspan="2">to achieve</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">desired level of</td>
<td>coupling as</td><td>I know</td><td>describe in</td><td>the</td><td>Present,</td><td>which can</td>
<td>include decrease</td><td>from</td><td>an extreme</td><td>from</td><td>the guide of</td><td>wave for</td>
<td>improve coupling</td><td>from</td><td>impedances</td><td colspan="2">between the guide</td><td>wave and</td>
<td>the wire.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The broadcast</td><td colspan="2">that is issued</td><td>by</td><td colspan="2">the transmitter can</td>
display one or more waveguide modes. Waveguide modes may be dependent on the shape and / or design of the waveguide. The propagation modes in the wire may be different from the waveguide modes due to the different characteristics of the waveguide and the wire. When the circumference of the wire is comparable in size with, or greater than, a transmission wavelength, the guided wave exhibits multiple modes of wave propagation. The guided wave can therefore comprise more than one type of electric and magnetic field configuration. As the guided wave (for example, surface wave) propagates through the wire, the electric and magnetic field configurations can remain substantially the same from end to end of the wire or vary as the transmission passes through the wave by rotation, dispersion, attenuation or other effects.
Figure 14 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting embodiment, for example of a waveguide system 1402 according to different aspects described herein.
The waveguide system 1402 may comprise sensors
1404, an energy management system
1405, a waveguide 1406,
The power line system according to an understanding mode shows on one of everything and a communications interface
1408.
waveguide 1402 can be coupled to a
1410 to facilitate data communications modalities described in the description. In an example, or a part of Figure 5, for surface of the system guide inducing wave waves 1406 can
500, such as electromagnetic power line 1410 that longitudinally propagate power line 1410 as the surface of the description is described.
Non-limiting techniques for waveguide coupling
1406 to and 6. The guideline repeater for the same power line 1410 shown in wave 1406 can also retransmit electromagnetic electric waves 1410 between lines Figures 2-4 serve as an electromagnetic over the or to route electric waves 1410 as shown in Figures 7-8.
The communication interface 1408 may comprise the communication interface 501 shown in Figure 5, in an exemplary embodiment. Communication interface 1408 is coupled to waveguide 1406 to raise the frequency of signals operating at an original frequency to electromagnetic waves operating at a carrier frequency that propagate on a surface of a coupling device of the guide wave 1406, such as the dielectric 502 of Figure 5, and inducing corresponding electromagnetic waves that propagate on a surface of the power line 1410. The power line 1410 can be a wire (for example, single-wire or multi-wire) having a conductive surface or insulated surface. Communication interface 1408 can also receive signals from waveguide 1406 that have been reduced in frequency from electromagnetic waves operating at a carrier frequency to signals at their original frequency.
The signals received by the communication interface 1408 for frequency elevation may include without limitation signals supplied by a central office 1411 through a wired or wireless interface of the communications interface 1408, a base station 1414 through a wired interface or wireless communications interface 1408, wireless signals transmitted by mobile devices 1420 to the base station 1414 for distribution via the wired or wireless interface of the communications interface 1408, signals supplied by communication devices inside buildings
1418 via the wired or wireless interface of the supplied communications interface 1408, and / or wireless signals to the communications interface 1408 by mobile devices 1412 that span a wireless communication interval of the communications interface
1408. In embodiments where the waveguide system 1402 functions as a repeater, as shown in the figures
7-8, communications interface 1408 may not be included in waveguide system 1402.
Electromagnetic waves that propagate along the surface of power line 1410 can be modulated and formatted to include packets or frames of data that include a load of data and also include network information (such as information header to identify one or more target waveguide systems
1402). The network information may be provided by the waveguide system 1402 or a source device such as the central office 1411, the base station 1414, mobile devices 1420, or devices inside buildings 1418, or a combination of the same.
In addition, modulated electromagnetic waves may include error correction data to mitigate signal disturbances.
The network information and error correction data may be used by a destination waveguide system 1402 to detect transmissions directed thereto, and for frequency reduction and processing with error correction data transmissions that include signals from voice and / or data directed to receiving communication devices communicatively coupled to the destination waveguide system 1402.
With reference now to the sensors 1404 of the waveguide system 1402, the sensors 1404 may comprise one or more of a temperature sensor 1404a, a disturbance detection sensor 1404b, an energy loss sensor 1404c, a noise sensor 1404d, a vibration sensor 1404e, an environmental sensor (for example, weather) 1404f, and / or an image sensor 1404g. The temperature sensor 1404a can be used to measure ambient temperature, a waveguide temperature 1406, a power line temperature 1410, temperature differentials (for example, compared to a set or reference point, between 1046 and 1410, etc.), or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, temperature metrics can be collected and reported periodically to a network management system 1601 through base station 1414.
The disturbance detection sensor 1404b can perform measurements on the power line 1410 to detect disturbances such as signal reflections, which may indicate a presence of a downstream disturbance that can prevent the propagation of electromagnetic waves on the power line 1410. A signal reflection may represent a distortion that results from, for example, an electromagnetic wave transmitted on the power line 1410 by the waveguide 1406 which is reflected in whole or in part again to the waveguide 1406 from a disturbance in power line 1410 located downstream of waveguide 1406.
Signal reflections can be caused by obstructions in power line 1410. For example, a tree branch shown in Figure 15 (A) can cause electromagnetic wave reflections when the tree branch is on power line 1410, or is in close proximity to power line 1410 which can cause a corona discharge 1502. Other illustrations of obstructions that may cause electromagnetic wave reflections may include without limitation an object 1506 that has become entangled in the power line 1410 as shown in Figure 15 (C) (e.g., clothing, a shoe tangled around a line electrical 1410 with a shoelace, etc.), a corroded accumulation 1512 on the electrical line 1410 as shown in Figure 15 (F), or an ice accumulation
The components of
1514 as shown in figure 15 (G).
power grid can also interfere with the surface transmission of the components reflections of lines network signals
<td colspan="3">electromagnetic waves</td><td>on</td><td>the</td>
<td>electric</td><td> 1410.</td><td colspan="2">Illustrations</td><td>from</td>
<td>electric</td><td>what</td><td>they can</td><td colspan="2">to provoke</td>
<td>include</td><td>without</td><td colspan="2">limitation</td><td>a</td>
and a transformer junction 1504 illustrated in the figure
1510 to connect spliced power lines as illustrated in line 15 (E). An acute angle 1508 on a power line 1410, as shown in Figure 15 (D), can also cause reflections of electromagnetic waves.
The disturbance detection sensor 1404b may comprise a circuit for comparing magnitudes of electromagnetic wave reflections with original electromagnetic wave magnitudes transmitted by waveguide 1406 to determine the amount that a disturbance downstream in power line 1410 attenuates transmissions. The 1404b disturbance detection sensor
<td colspan="2">can understand</td><td>further</td><td>a</td><td>circuit</td><td>analyzer</td><td>spectral</td><td>for</td>
<td>carry</td><td>cape</td><td colspan="2">finished</td><td>analysis</td><td>spectral</td><td>in the</td><td>waves</td>
<td>reflected.</td><td>The</td><td>data i</td><td colspan="2">spectral</td><td colspan="3">generated by the circuit</td>
<td>analyzer</td><td colspan="2">spectral</td><td>I know</td><td>they can</td><td>compare</td><td colspan="2">with profiles</td>
<td>spectral</td><td>to</td><td>through</td><td>from</td><td>recognize</td><td>imiento de</td><td>patterns</td><td>, a</td>
<td colspan="2">expert system,</td><td>adjustment</td><td>from</td><td>curves,</td><td>filtration</td><td>coupled u</td><td>other</td>
artificial intelligence, classification or comparison technique to identify a type of disturbance based on, for example, the spectral profile that closely matches the spectral data. The spectral profiles can be stored in a memory of the disturbance detection sensor 1404b or can be remotely accessible by the disturbance detection sensor 1404b. The profiles may comprise spectral data modeling different disturbances that can be found on power lines 1410 to allow the disturbance detection sensor 1404b to identify disturbances locally. An identification of the disturbance if known can be reported to the network management system 1601 by means of the base station 1414. The disturbance detection sensor 1404b can also use the waveguide
1406 to transmit electromagnetic waves as test signals to determine an electromagnetic wave time. Travel time for a trip reflection measured by the disturbance detection sensor
1404b can be used to calculate a distance traveled by the electromagnetic wave to a point where reflection takes place, which allows the disturbance detection sensor 1404b to calculate a waveguide distance
1406 to the disturbance downstream in the power line
1410.
The calculated distance can be reported to the network management system 1601 by means of the base station 1414. In one embodiment, the location of the waveguide system 1402 on the power line 1410 can be known by the network management system 1601 , which the network management system 1601 can use to determine a location of the disturbance in the power line 1410 based on a known topology of the electrical network. In another embodiment, the waveguide system 1402 can provide its location to the network management system 1601 to assist in determining the location of the disturbance in the power line 1410. The location of the waveguide system 1402 can be obtaining waveguide system 1402 from a preprogrammed location of waveguide system 1402 stored in a memory of waveguide system 1402, or waveguide system 1402 can determine its location
<td colspan="2">using a GPS receiver</td><td>(do not</td><td>shown)</td><td>included in the</td>
<td>system</td><td>of waveguide 1402.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The</td><td>management system</td><td>from</td><td>Energy</td><td>1405 provides</td>
<td>Energy</td><td>to the components</td><td colspan="2">previously</td><td>mentioned from</td>
waveguide system 1402. The energy management system 1405 can receive power from solar cells, or from a transformer (not shown) coupled to the power line
1410, or by inductive coupling to power line 1410 or other nearby power line. The energy management system 1405 may also include a backup battery and / or a super-capacitor or other capacitor circuit to provide the waveguide system 1402 with temporary energy. The energy loss sensor 1404c can be used to detect when the waveguide system 1402 has a condition of loss of some other malfunction.
energy and / or incidence
For example, the energy loss sensor 1404c can detect when there is a loss of energy due to defective solar cells, an obstruction in the solar cells that causes them to malfunction, loss of energy in the power line
1410, and / or when the backup power system is malfunctioning due to the expiration of a backup battery, or a detectable defect in a supercapacitor.
When there is a malfunction and / or loss of energy, the energy loss sensor
1404c can notify the network management system 1601 through the base station 1414.
The noise sensor 1404d can be used to measure noise on the power line 1410 that can negatively affect the transmission of electromagnetic waves on the power line 1410. The noise sensor 1404d can detect unexpected electromagnetic interference, noise bursts, or other sources of disturbances that can interrupt the transmission of modulated electromagnetic waves on a surface of a power line 1410. A burst of noise can be caused by, for example, a corona discharge, or other noise source. The noise sensor 1404d can compare the measured noise with a noise profile obtained by the waveguide system 1402 from an internal database of noise profiles or from a remotely located database that stores noise profiles at through pattern recognition, an expert system, curve fitting, coupled filtration or other artificial intelligence, classification or comparison technique. From the comparison, the noise sensor 1404d can identify a noise source (for example, corona discharge or otherwise) based on, for example, the noise profile that provides the closest match to the measured noise. The noise sensor 1404d can also detect how noise affects transmissions by measuring transmission metrics such as bit error rate, packet loss rate, jitter, packet retransmission requests, etc. The noise sensor 1404d can report to the network management system 1601 through the base station 1414 the identity of noise sources, their incidence time, and transmission metrics, among other things.
Vibration sensor 1404e may include accelerometers and / or gyroscopes to detect 2D or 3D vibrations in power line 1410. The vibrations can be compared with vibration profiles that can be stored locally in the waveguide system 1402, or obtained by the waveguide system 1402 from a remote database through pattern recognition, a system expert, curve fitting, coupled filtration or other artificial intelligence, classification or comparison technique. Vibration profiles can be used, for example, to distinguish fallen trees from wind gusts based on, for example, the vibration profile that provides the closest match to the measured vibrations. The results of this analysis can be reported by the vibration sensor 1404e to the network management system 1601 through the base station 1414.
The environmental sensor 1404f may include a barometer for measuring atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature (which can be provided by the temperature sensor 1404a), wind speed, humidity, wind direction, and rain, among other things. The environmental sensor 1404f can collect unprocessed information and process this information by comparing it with environmental profiles that can be obtained from a memory of the waveguide system 1402 or a remote database to predict weather conditions before they arise through recognition of patterns, an expert system, knowledge-based system or other artificial intelligence, classification or other time modeling and prediction technique. The environmental sensor 1404f can report raw data as well as its analysis to the network management system 1601.
The 1404g image sensor can (for example, a charging device be a coupled digital camera or image former)
CCD, infrared camera, images in a vicinity of the waveguide system 1402. The 1404g image sensor may include an electromechanical mechanism to control the actual position movement or focal points / approaches) of the camera to inspect the power line 1410 from multiple perspectives (for example, upper surface, lower surface, left surface, right surface etc.). Alternatively, the image sensor 1404g can be designed in such a way that no electromechanical mechanism is needed in order to obtain multiple perspectives. The collection and recovery of image data generated by the image sensor 1404g can be controlled by the network management system 1601, or can be collected and reported autonomously by the image sensor 1404g to the network management system 1601.
Other sensors that may be suitable for collecting telemetry information associated with waveguide system 1402 and / or power lines 1410 for purposes of detecting, predicting and / or mitigating disturbances that may prevent electromagnetic wave transmissions on power lines 1410 ( or any other form of an electromagnetic wave transmission medium) can be used by the waveguide system 1402.
Figure 16 is a block diagram illustrating a non-limiting mode, for example of a system 1600 for managing an electrical network 1603 and a communications system 1605 incorporated therein according to different aspects described herein. The communication system 1605 comprises a plurality of waveguide systems 1402 coupled to power lines 1410 of the power grid 1603. At least a portion of the waveguide systems 1402 used in the communication system 1605 may be in direct communication with a base station 1414 and / or the network management system 1601. Waveguide systems 1402 not directly connected to a base station 1414 or the network management system 1601 can be coupled in communication sessions with either of a base station 1414 or the network management system 1601 by means of other systems downstream waveguide 1402 connected to a base station 1414 or network management system 1601.
The network management system 1601 can be communicatively coupled to equipment of a public service company 1602 and equipment of a communications service provider 1604 to provide each entity with status information associated with power network 1603 and the system of communication 1605, respectively. The 1601 network management system, the 1602 public service company team, and the communication service provider 1604 may access communication devices used by personnel of the public service company 1606 and / or communication devices used by communications service provider personnel 1608 for purposes of providing status information and / or to detect this personnel in the management of the 1603 electricity network and / or 1605 communication system.
Figure 17A illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, for example of a method 1700 for detecting and mitigating disturbances that occur in a communication network of the system 1600 of Figure 16. The method 1700 may begin with step 1702 where a waveguide system 1402 transmits and receives messages incorporated in, or that are part of, modulated electromagnetic waves or other types of electromagnetic waves that travel along a surface of a line electric 1410. The messages may be voice messages, streaming video, and / or other data / information exchanged between communication devices communicatively coupled to the communication system 1605. In step 1704 the sensors 1404 of the waveguide system 1402 may Collect detection data. In one embodiment, the detection data can be collected in step 1704 before, during, or after the transmission and / or reception of messages in step 1702. In step 1706 the waveguide system 1402 (or the sensors 1404 themselves) can determine from the detection data a real or predicted incidence of a disturbance in the communication system 1605 that can affect communications originating from ( for example, transmitted by) or received by the waveguide system 1402. The waveguide system 1402 (or sensors 1404) can process temperature data, signal reflection data, energy loss data, noise data, vibration data, environmental data, or any combination thereof to perform This determination. Waveguide system 1402 (or sensors 1404) can also detect, identify, estimate or predict the source of the disturbance and / or its location in communication system 1605. If a disturbance is neither detected / identified nor predicted / estimated in step 1708, the waveguide system 1402 may proceed to step 1702 where it continues to transmit and receive messages incorporated in, or that are part of, electromagnetic modulated waves gue they travel along a surface of power line 1410.
If in step 1708 a disturbance is detected / identified or predicted / estimated, the waveguide system 1402 proceeds to step 1710 to determine whether the disturbance affects negatively (or alternatively, is likely to affect negatively or the extent to which it may adversely affect) the transmission or reception of messages in the communication system 1605. In one embodiment, a duration threshold and an incidence frequency threshold can be used in step 1710 to determine when a disturbance negatively affects communications in communication system 1605. For illustration purposes only, it is assumed that set a duration threshold to 500 ms, while adjusting an incidence frequency threshold to 5 disturbances that occur in an observation period of 10 seconds. Therefore, a disturbance that has a duration greater than 500 ms will activate the duration threshold. In addition, any disturbance that occurs more than 5 times in a 10-second time interval will activate the incidence frequency threshold.
In one embodiment, a disturbance can be considered to negatively affect the signal integrity in communication systems 1605 when the separate duration threshold is exceeded. In another embodiment, a disturbance can be considered as negatively affecting signal integrity in communication systems 1605 when both the duration threshold and the incidence frequency threshold are exceeded. This last modality is therefore more conservative than the first modality for classifying disturbances that negatively affect the signal integrity in the communication system 1605. It will be appreciated that many other algorithms and associated parameters and thresholds can be used for step 1710 according to example modalities.
With reference again to method 1700, if in step 1710 the disturbance detected in step 1708 does not meet the condition for affected communications d negatively (for example, neither exceeds the duration threshold nor the incidence frequency threshold), the Waveguide system 1402 can proceed to step 1702 and continue processing messages.
For example, if the disturbance detected in step 1708 has a duration of 1 ms, with an individual incidence in a period of 10 seconds, then no threshold will be exceeded. Consequently, this disturbance can be considered as having a nominal effect on signal integrity in communication system 1605 and therefore would not be marked as a disturbance that requires mitigation. Although not marked, the incidence of the disturbance, its incidence time, its incidence frequency, spectral data, and / or other useful information, can be reported to network management system 1601 as telemetry data for monitoring purposes.
With reference again to step 1710, if on the other hand the disturbance satisfies the condition for negatively affected communications (for example, it exceeds either or both thresholds), waveguide system 1402 can proceed to step 1712 and report the incidence to the network management system 1601. The report may include unprocessed detection data collected by the sensors 1404, a description of the disturbance if known by the waveguide system 1402, a time of incidence of the disturbance, a frequency of incidence of the disturbance, a location associated with the disturbance, parameter readings such as bit error rate, packet loss rate, retransmission requests, fluctuation, latency, etc. If the disturbance is based on a prediction by one or more sensors of the waveguide system 1402, the report may include an expected type of disturbance, and if predictable, an expected temporary incidence of the disturbance, and an expected incidence frequency of the predicted disturbance when the prediction is based on historical detection data collected by the sensors 1404 of the waveguide system 1402.
In step 1714, the network management system 1601 may determine a mitigation, avoidance, correction technique, which may include directing the waveguide system 1402 to re-route the traffic to avoid disturbance if the location can be determined of the disturbance. In one embodiment, the waveguide system
1402 which detects the disturbance can direct a repeater
1802 such as that shown in Figure 18A to connect the waveguide system 1402 of a main power line 1804 affected by the disturbance to a secondary power line 1806 to allow the waveguide system 1402 to re-route the traffic to a Different transmission medium and avoid 1801 disturbance. In an embodiment where the waveguide system 1402 is configured as a repeater, such as a repeater 1802, the waveguide system 1402 can itself carry out the re-routing of traffic from the main power line 1804 to the power line secondary 1806. It is further noted that for bidirectional communications (e.g., half-duplex or duplex communications), repeater 1802 can be configured to re-route traffic from secondary power line 1806 back to main power line 1804 for processing by the guidance system. wave 1402.
In another embodiment, waveguide system 1402 can redirect traffic by instructing a first repeater 1812 placed upstream of the disturbance and a second repeater 1814 placed downstream of the disturbance to redirect traffic from a main power line 1804 temporarily to a secondary power line 1806 and again to the main power line 1804 in a manner that prevents disturbance 1801 as shown in Figure 18B. It is further noted that for bidirectional communications (eg, half-duplex or duplex communications), repeaters 1812 and 1814 can be configured to re-route the traffic of the secondary power line 1806 back to the main power line 1804.
To avoid interruption of existing communication sessions that occur on a secondary power line
1806, the network management system 1601 may direct the waveguide system 1402 (in the modes of Figures 18A-18B) to instruct the repeaters to use unused time slots and / or frequency bands of the secondary power line 1806 to redirect data and / or voice traffic away from the main power line 1804 to avoid 1801 disturbance.
In step 1716, while the traffic is rerouted to avoid disturbance, the network management system 1601 can notify the public service company 1602 team and / or communications service provider 1604 team, which in turn, it can notify the personnel of the public service company 1606 and / or personnel of the communications service provider 1608 of the detected disturbance and its location if known. Field personnel from anywhere can attend to resolve the disturbance at a particular location of the disturbance. Once the disturbance is removed or otherwise mitigated by the public service company personnel and / or communications service provider personnel, these personnel can notify their respective companies and / or network management system 1601 using field equipment (for example, a laptop, smartphone, etc.), communicatively coupled to the 1601 network management system, and / or equipment of the public service company and / or the communications service provider. The notification may include a description of how to mitigate the disturbance and any changes to the power lines 1410 that a topology of the communication system 1605 can change.
Once the disturbance has been resolved, the network management system 1601 can direct the waveguide system 1402 in step 1720 to restore the pre-routing configuration used by the waveguide system 1402 or route traffic accordingly with a new routing configuration if the restoration strategy used to mitigate the disturbance resulted in a new network topology of the communication system 1605. In another embodiment, waveguide system 1402 can be configured to monitor disturbance mitigation by transmitting test signals on power line 1410 to determine when the disturbance has been removed. Once the waveguide 1402 detects an absence of the disturbance, it can autonomously restore its routing configuration without assistance by the network management system 1601 if it determines that the network topology of the communication system 1605 has not changed, or You can use a new routing configuration that adapts to a new detected network topology.
Figure 17B illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, for example of a method 1750 for detecting and mitigating disturbances that occur in a communication network of the system 1600 of Figure 16. In one embodiment, method 1750 may begin with step 17 52 where a network management system 1601 receives from the public service company 1602 or communications service provider 1604 equipment maintenance information associated with a maintenance program . The network management system
1601 You can identify in step 1754 from the maintenance information, maintenance activities that will be carried out during the maintenance program. From these activities, the network management system 1601 can detect a disturbance resulting from maintenance (for example, scheduled replacement of a power line 1410, scheduled replacement of a waveguide system 1402 on power line 1410, reconfiguration programming of power lines 1410 in power grid 1603, etc.).
In another embodiment, the network management system 1601 can retrieve in step 1755 telemetry information from one or more waveguide systems 1402. The telemetry information may include, among other things, an identity of each waveguide system 1402 that sends the telemetry information, measurements taken by sensors 1404 of each waveguide system 1402, information related to predicted, estimated, or actual disturbances. detected by sensors 1404 of each waveguide system 1402, location information associated with each waveguide system 1402, an estimated location of a detected disturbance, an identification of the disturbance, etc. The network management system 1601 can determine from the telemetry information a type of disturbance that can be negative to waveguide operations, transmission of electromagnetic waves along the wire surface, or both. The network management system 1601 can also use telemetry information from multiple waveguide systems 1402 to isolate and identify the disturbance. In addition, the network management system 1601 may request telemetry information from waveguide systems 1402 in a neighborhood of an affected waveguide system 1402 to triangulate a disturbance location and / or validate a disturbance identification to the receive similar telemetry information from other waveguide systems 1402.
In yet another embodiment, the network management system 1601 can receive in step 1756 a report of unscheduled activity of the maintenance field personnel. Unscheduled maintenance may occur as a result of unplanned field visits or as a result of unexpected field problems discovered during field visits or scheduled maintenance activities. The activity report may identify changes to a topology configuration of the power grid 1603 resulting from field personnel addressing problems discovered in the communication system 1605 and / or power grid 1603, changes to one or more waveguide systems 1402 (such as replacement or repair thereof), mitigation of disturbances carried out if any, etc.
In step 1758, the network management system 1601 can determine from the reports received in accordance with steps 1752 to 1756 whether a disturbance will occur based on a maintenance schedule, or if a disturbance has occurred or predicts that it will be presented based on telemetry data, or if a disturbance has occurred due to unplanned maintenance identified in a field activity report. From any of these reports, the network management system 1601 can determine whether a detected or predicted disturbance requires traffic rerouting by the affected waveguide systems 1402 or other waveguide systems 1402 of the
<img file="MX366100B_D0004.tif" />
communication system 1605.
When a disturbance is detected or predicted in step 1758, the network management system 1601 can proceed to step 17 60 where it can direct one or more waveguide systems 1402 to re-route the traffic to avoid the disturbance in a similar manner. to the illustrations of figures 18A or 18B. When the disturbance is permanent due to a permanent topology change of the power grid 1603, the network management system 1601 can proceed to step 1770 and skip steps 1762, 1764, 1766, and 1772. In step 1770, the network management system 1601 can direct one or more waveguide systems 1402 to use a new routing configuration that adapts to the new topology, however, when the disturbance has been detected from Telemetry information supplied by one or more waveguide systems 1402, the management system
<td>to the staff</td><td colspan="2">of maintenance</td>
<td>public 1606</td><td colspan="2">or the provider of</td>
<td>1608 of one</td><td>Location</td><td>of the</td>
<td>disturbance</td><td colspan="2">if known, e</td>
<td>can be</td><td>useful for</td><td>what</td>
<td>disturbance.</td><td>When</td><td>wait</td>
Network 1601 may notify the service company of disturbance communications services, a type of related information that this staff mitigates the disturbance due to maintenance activities, the network management system
1601 You can direct one or more waveguide systems 1402 to reconfigure traffic routes in a given program (consistent with the maintenance program) to avoid disturbances caused by maintenance activities during the maintenance program.
Returning now to step 1760 and after completion, the process can continue with step 1762. In step 1762, the network management system 1601 can monitor when disturbances have been mitigated by field personnel. Mitigation of a disturbance can be detected in step 1762 by analyzing field reports issued to the network management system 1601 by field personnel through a communications network (for example, cellular communication system) using field equipment ( for example, a laptop or computer / portable device). If the field staff has reported that a disturbance has been mitigated, the network management system 1601 can proceed to step 1764 to determine from the field report whether a change of topology was necessary to mitigate the disturbance. A topology change may include re-routing of a power line 1410, reconfiguration of a waveguide system 1402 to use a different power line 1410, otherwise using an alternative link to skip the disturbance etc. If a topology change has taken place, the network management system 1601 may direct in step 1770 one or more waveguide systems 1402 to use a new routing configuration that adapts to the new topology.
If, however, no change of topology has been reported by the field staff, the network management system 1601 may proceed to step 1766 where it may direct one or more waveguide systems 1402 to send test signals to test. a routing configuration that had been used before the detected disturbances. Test signals can be sent to affected waveguide systems 1402 in a neighborhood of the disturbance. Test signals can be used to determine if signal disturbances (eg, electromagnetic wave reflections) are detected by any of the waveguide systems 1402. If the test signals confirm that a previous routing configuration is no longer subject to previously detected disturbances, then the network management system 1601 may in step 1772 direct the affected waveguide systems 1402 to restore a previous routing configuration . If, however, the test signals analyzed by one or more waveguide systems 1402 and reported to the network management system 1601 indicate that the disturbances or new disturbances are present, then the network management system 1601 will proceed to the step 1768 and will report this information to field staff to address additional field issues. The network management system 1601 can in this situation continue monitoring the mitigation of disturbances in step 1762.
In the aforementioned modalities, waveguide systems 1402 can be configured to adapt to changes in power grid 1603 and / or to mitigate disturbances. That is, one or more affected waveguide systems 1402 can be configured to self-monitor disturbance mitigation and reconfigure traffic routes without requiring instructions to be sent to them by the network management system 1601. In this mode, the one or more waveguide systems 1402 that are self-configuring can inform the network management system 1601 of their routing selections such that the network management system 1601 can maintain a macro-level view of the communication topology of the 1605 communication system.
While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks in Figures 17A and 17B, respectively, it will be understood and appreciated that the subject matter claimed is not limited by the order of the blocks , since some blocks may be presented in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks of what is represented and described herein. In addition, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein.
Figure 19 illustrates a flow chart of an example non-limiting embodiment of a method 1900 for mitigating faults in a communication system of Figure 20.
<td colspan="2">The method</td><td> 1900</td><td colspan="2">You can start</td><td>in</td><td>step</td><td> 1902</td><td>where</td><td>a</td>
<td>system</td><td>from</td><td>guide</td><td>from</td><td>wave as</td><td>I know</td><td>shows</td><td>in the</td><td>figure</td><td> 14</td>
<td>detect</td><td colspan="3">A fail</td><td>in a link</td><td>from</td><td colspan="2">communication</td><td colspan="2">principal</td>
represented as reference 2030 of Figure 20 (here called as the main communication link 2030). For long-range communications, the main communication link 2030 may represent a high-voltage power line (for example, 100kV-138kV), an additional high-voltage power line (for example, 230kV-800kV), or a power line of ultra-high voltage (for example,> 800kV) of the power grid. In general, these power lines are placed at a high altitude on public service poles in a modality for safety reasons and to reduce a likelihood of tree branch obstructions. For short-range communications (for example,
100 urban, suburban, or rural areas), the main communication link 2030 may represent a medium voltage power line (for example 4kV to 69kV), which are usually placed above the lower voltage power lines, telephone lines , and / or coaxial cable lines. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the main communication link 2030 may include non-high-voltage power lines (for example, medium or low voltage) also in different positions in public service poles without departing from example modalities.
However, tree branch obstructions can occur with these power lines, which as previously described can be detected by sensors of the waveguide system described in Figure 14. In general, a fault can represent any disturbance detected or perceived by the sensors of the waveguide system that can negatively affect the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves that carry data and propagate on a surface of the main communication link 2030. A non-limiting illustration of data may include voice communication services, internet services, broadcast video services, control data to control content distribution and / or to establish voice and / or data communication sessions,
101 voice or data communications from other networks, or other types of data services in any combination thereof.
In step 1904, waveguide system 1402 can report the failure, or information associated therewith, to a network management system 1601 as shown in Figures 14 and 16. For example, waveguide system 1402 can identify a type of fault, a location of the fault, quality metrics (described herein) and / or other communication parameter information associated with a fault that includes signal strength , signal loss, latency, packet loss, etc. In one embodiment, network management system 1601 may take evasive action by instructing waveguide system 1402 to select in step 1906 one or more backup communication means or links that provide backup communication services in the case. of a failure in the main communication link 2030. In another embodiment, waveguide system 1402 can autonomously take evasive action to maintain active communication services by selecting in step 1906 one or more backup communication means or links. Waveguide system 1402 can be configured to select a backup communication medium or link based on selection criteria. Selection criteria may include quality metrics that can be
102 use to verify that the backup communication medium is suitable for backup communication services. Quality metrics can include without limitation a desired communications bandwidth, a desired Quality of Service (QoS), a desired signal to noise ratio, a desired bit error rate performance, a desired packet loss performance , a desired data throughput, a desired fluctuation performance, a desired latency performance, etc.
The waveguide system, which may be represented by any of the references 2006, 2008, or 2010 of Figure 20 (herein referred to as waveguide systems 2006, 2008, or 2010) may have multiple options to initiate backup communication services. For example, the waveguide system 2006 may have an antenna 2012 that can be coupled to a communications interface such as reference 1408 of Figure 14 to allow the waveguide system
2006 is coupled in wireless communications (e.g. emp1o,
LTE,
WiFi, 4 / 5G, or with a 2002 base station, base station
2004, or other waveguide systems such as waveguide system
2008 which implements a wireless communications interface with a 2012 antenna. The waveguide system
2006 can therefore redirect the data to the station
103 2002 base through a first wireless link. The base station 2002 can in turn redirect the data to the waveguide system 2008 through a wireless secondary link. The 2008 waveguide system can then retransmit the data using electromagnetic waves that propagate on the main 2030 link.
Similarly, the waveguide system 2006 can redirect data to the base station 2004 through a first wireless link. The base station 2004 in turn can redirect the data to a terrestrial network 2020 through a high-speed wired link 2013 (for example, fiber optic). The 2020 terrestrial network can also redirect the data to a local base station 2014 (for example, a microcell) through another high-speed link 2013. The local base station 2014 can then supply the data to the 2010 waveguide system that retransmits the data using electromagnetic waves that propagate on the main communication link 2030. In addition, the 2006 waveguide system can redirect the data to the system. of waveguide 2008 through a wireless link. The 2008 waveguide system can then retransmit the data using electromagnetic waves that propagate on the main communication link 2030.
In each of the previous example modalities,
104 the data is sent by the waveguide system 2006 to the backup communication medium or link, which redirects them back to a portion of the main communication link 2030 unaffected by the failure. The unaffected portions of the main communication link 2030 can be identified by the network management system 1601. The network management system 1601 can in turn coordinate the traffic flow with communication nodes of the backup communication medium selected by the waveguide system 2006 to redirect data back to unaffected portions of the main communication link 2030 .
Using a wireless link to connect to any of the backup or link communication means can, however, in some modalities result in less bandwidth than the original bandwidth capacity of the affected main communication link 2030. In these modalities, a 2006 waveguide system may need to adjust the bandwidth of the data to adapt the retransmission through a selected backup media as addressed by the 1900 method in steps 1920, 1922 and 1924. To reduce or eliminate the need for bandwidth adjustments, the 2006 waveguide system can select multiple wireless backup media to mitigate the need to adjust
105 the bandwidth of the data when distributing portions of the data among the selected backup media.
In addition to the wireless backup links, the 2006 waveguide system can use a 2005 waveguide (incorporated in the 2006 waveguide system) that can be coupled to an unaffected line in its vicinity such as the 2040 line, which can serve as a secondary communication link (referred to herein as a 2040 secondary communication link) to provide backup communication services. For long-range communications, the secondary communication link 2040 may represent another high voltage power line if more than one high voltage power line is available, or if a medium voltage power line is available. For short-range communications (for example, urban, suburban, or rural areas), the secondary communication link 2040 may represent a low-voltage power line, for example, less than 1000 volts, such as 240V) to distribute electric power to commercial and / or residential establishments, telephone lines, or coaxial cable lines. For purposes of illustration, line 2040 will be assumed to be an electric line, and therefore referred to herein as a 2040 power line. Without
106 IMM '' however, it is noted that line 2040 may be a non-line
<td>electric</td><td>such as a telephone line, or a coaxial cable</td>
<td>accessible</td><td>to the waveguide system 2006. It is also indicated</td>
that the low voltage power line, telephone lines, or coaxial cable lines are generally placed below the medium voltage power line and therefore may be more susceptible to obstructions such as tree branches that can cause a disturbance that affects negatively the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves on a surface of the secondary communication link 2040.
The secondary communication link 2040 allows the waveguide system 2006 to communicate with the waveguide system 2008, which also has a 2009 waveguide incorporated therein and coupled to the secondary communication link 2040. In this configuration , the secondary communication link 2040 can be used to prevent a failure in the primary communication link 2030 that
<td>can occur</td><td>between</td><td>the guide system</td><td>cool</td><td>2006 and</td><td>the</td>
<td>guide system</td><td>wave</td><td>2008. In this illust</td><td>ration,</td><td colspan="2">the system</td>
<td>waveguide</td><td> 2008</td><td>can reset</td><td colspan="2">services</td><td>from</td>
<td>communication of</td><td>new</td><td>to a serving</td><td>of the</td><td>link</td><td>from</td>
main communication 2030 that is not affected by the fault detected by the waveguide system 2006. However, if the failure in the main communication link 2030
<img file="MX366100B_D0005.tif" />
107 affects both the 2006 waveguide system and the 2008 waveguide system, the 2006 waveguide system can use the secondary communication link 2040 to communicate with the local base station 2014, which can be configured with its own system waveguide as shown in Figure 14 to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves that carry the data and propagate on a surface of the secondary communication link 2040. The local base station 2014 in turn can supply the data to the waveguide system 2010 which can redirect its transmission to the main communication link 2030 to downstream waveguide systems (not shown).
It is further pointed out that the data can be redirected to the secondary communication link 2040 in several ways. In one embodiment, electromagnetic waves that propagate over the main communication link 2030 can be redirected to the secondary communication link 2040. This can be achieved by connecting one end of the waveguide 2005 to the secondary communication link 2040 and the other end of the waveguide 2005 to an unaffected portion of the main communication link 2030. In this configuration, the electromagnetic waves that flow in the main communication link 2030 can be redirected by the waveguide 2005 to the secondary communication link 2040, and
108 Electromagnetic waves flowing in the secondary communication link 2030 can be redirected by the waveguide 2005 to the main communication link 2040.
In one embodiment, the electromagnetic waves that propagate through the waveguide 2005 in one direction of the main communication link 2030 or in one direction of the secondary communication link 2040 may be unamplified. For example, the waveguide 2005 may be a passive dielectric waveguide device coupled to both ends of the primary and secondary communication links 2030 and 2040, respectively, which have no active circuit to modify the electromagnetic waves flowing to through the 2005 waveguide in any direction. Alternatively, one or more amplifiers may be added to the 2005 waveguide to amplify the electromagnetic waves that propagate through the 2005 waveguide in one direction of the main communication link 2030 and / or in one direction of the communication link. secondary 2040. For example, the waveguide 2005 may include active circuits that amplify the electromagnetic waves that propagate in a direction of the main communication link 2030 and / or active circuits that amplify electromagnetic waves that propagate in a direction of the secondary communication link 2040 .
109
In yet another embodiment, the waveguide device 2005 can be represented by a repeater as shown in Figure 8 which can use active circuitry as shown in Figure 9 to extract the data included in the electromagnetic waves that are they propagate on the main communication link 2030, and it retransmits the same data with new electromagnetic waves that are sent to the secondary communication link 2040. Similarly, the circuitry of Figure 9 can be used to extract data included in the electromagnetic waves that propagate in the secondary communication link 2040, and that retransmits the same data with new electromagnetic waves that are sent to the main communication link 2030
In yet another embodiment, the waveguide system 2006 may also include a link 2007 that couples the waveguide system 200 6 to an example, a micro-cell). a local base station communication link 2015 (for
The 2007 link may represent high speed such as a fiber optic link that allows the 2006 waveguide system to redirect data to the local base station 2015, which in turn can direct data to a terrestrial network 2020 that at its Once it supplies the data to another 2014 local base station that can present these signals to the guidance system of
110 2010 wave to redirect the data back to the main communication link 2030.
Based on the illustrations above, the waveguide system 2006 has several options for selecting in step 1906 one or more media or backup communication links depending on your bandwidth needs, which include: (1) a wired connection to the local base station 2015 through the high-speed link 2007 that allows the waveguide system 2006 to redirect the data back to the main communication link 2030 through the waveguide system 2010 , (2) a connection to secondary communication link 2040 through the waveguide 2005 of the waveguide system 2006 which allows the waveguide system 2006 to redirect data back to the main communication link 2030 through the system of waveguide 2008, (3) a connection to secondary communication link 2040 through the waveguide 2005 of the waveguide system 2006 which also allows the waveguide system 2006 to redirect data back to the main communication link 2030 through the system 2010 waveguide using the 2014 local base station, (4) a wireless link to the base station 2002 that allows the waveguide system 2006 to redirect data back to the main communication link 2030 through the guidance system
111 wave 2008, (5) a wireless link to the base station 2004 that allows the waveguide system 2006 to redirect data back to the main communication link 2030 through the waveguide system 2010 using the local base station 2014, and ( 6) a wireless link to the waveguide system 2008 that can redirect data back to the main communication link 2030.
Once the 2006 waveguide system has selected one or more backup communication links, you can proceed to step 1908 where you can determine whether a particular backup communication link is part of the electrical network or otherwise (for example, wireless link or wired link to a local base station). Since it is possible that more than one backup communication link can be selected by the waveguide system 2006, steps 1910 and 1914 can be invoked simultaneously or in sequence for each case of a backup link of the power grid , a wireless backup link, and / or a wired backup link to a local base station.
For backup links of the mains, the waveguide system 2006 can be configured to transmit electromagnetic wave test signals on the secondary communication link 2040. The electromagnetic wave test signals can be received by the guide system from
112 wave 2008 and / or local base station 2014 (assuming it has an integrated waveguide system). The test signals can be analyzed by the waveguide system 2008 and / or the local base station 2014. Test signals can be measured, for example, for signal-to-noise ratio, data throughput, bit error rate, packet loss rate, jitter, latency, and other metrics that can be compared to the selection criteria. by the 2006 waveguide system. The test results can be transmitted again in step 1912 to the waveguide system 2006 by the waveguide system 2008 and / or by the local base station 2014 via the secondary communication link 2040, or in the case of the 2008 waveguide system through a wireless link, and in the case of the local base station 2014 through wired links 2013 and 2011. In addition to analyzing the test results sent back from the waveguide system 2008 and / or local base station 2014 according to the selection criteria, the waveguide system 2006 can also carry out autonomous tests on the link 2040 secondary communication such as measurements of signal reflections and other measurements described in the description.
For non-mains backup links, the 2006 waveguide system can send test signals
113 appropriate for the type of transmission medium used. In the case of wired links, the 2006 waveguide system can send wireless test signals to the 2002 base station, 2004 base station, and / or 2008 waveguide system. The waveguide system 2006 can determine an indication of received signal strength (RSSI) for each wireless link, signal to noise ratios for each wireless link, data throughput, bit error rates, packet loss rates, and other measurements applicable to the selection criteria to determine the relevance of each wireless link. The test results can also be received in step 1912 by the waveguide system 2006 of the base station 2002, 2004, and / or waveguide system 2008 through the wireless link. In the case of a wired (non-mains) link such as the 2007 link, the 2006 waveguide can send test signals to test communications with the 2010 waveguide system. Similarly, test results can be received again from the 2010 waveguide system and / or intermediate nodes (for example, terrestrial network 2020 and / or local base station 2015) for comparison with the selection criteria.
In step 1916, the 2006 waveguide system can assess whether a backup link is suitable for services
114 of backup communication according to the selection criteria used by the waveguide system 2006. If a backup link is not available or is not suitable for backup communication services, the waveguide system 2006 can proceed to step 1918 and report this problem to the network management system 1601 through an available backup link, and proceed to select another backup link (if available) in step 1906. If another backup link is selected, the 2006 waveguide system can perform steps 1908-1912 as previously described. If it has been verified that one or more backup links is adequate in step 1916 for backup communication services, then the 2006 waveguide system can proceed to step 1920 to determine if the backup links provide sufficient bandwidth to support the bandwidth that is used in the main communication link 2030 to transport the data.
If the backup links cannot support the bandwidth originally used for data transmission on the main communication link 2030, the waveguide system 2006 may proceed to step 1922 to adjust the bandwidth of the data of such way that is suitable for backup links. If real-time transmissions are present, for example, video signals or
115 Real-time audio, a transcoder can transcode these signals in real time to reduce the bit rate to fit the adjusted bandwidth.
In another mode, the speed of signal transmission not in real time can be reduced to preserve the quality of service associated with the data. In this step, you can inform the system of a band link to report, the fault must be adapted to the system in real-time signals included in the network management system 2006 waveguide 1601 through available backup that will adjust the data width The network management system 1601 can a mode, to the devices affected by adjusting the bandwidth of the communications of the change devices in which for waveguide affected services
Once
1922, the system
1924 and start backup. If no guidance system has redirected backups. Alternatively,
2006 You can notify them through the band backup links.
adjusted the bandwidth in the guide step to redirect it is necessary wave 2006 can proceed to the passage of data through the links the bandwidth adjustment, wave 2006 can proceed to step 1926 of the data according to its width of original band. In another mode, if the width capacity of
116 The backup link band cannot support the bandwidth originally used for data transmission on the main communication link 2030, the waveguide system 2006 can proceed to step 1906 to select a different backup link.
In one embodiment, backup links (i.e. secondary communication links) can be shared with other communication devices (for example, waveguide systems or other communication nodes). In one embodiment, the waveguide system 2006 can be configured to select an operating frequency for transmitting and receiving data through the backup links that differ from the operating frequency used by the other communication devices. In another embodiment, the waveguide system 2006 can be configured to select time slot assignments to transmit and receive data through backup links that differ from the time slot assignments used by the other communication devices. In yet another embodiment, the waveguide system 2006 can be configured to select a combination of one or more operating frequencies and one or more time slot assignments to transmit and receive data through backup links that differ from one or more
117 operating frequencies and one or more time slot assignments used by the other communication devices.
In cases where the backup links have communication access to the power grid at a point where the main communication link 2030 is not affected by the failure, the waveguide system 2006 can instruct in step 1928 one or more nodes in the backup links to redirect the data back to the main communication link 2030 at an unaffected location in the electrical network determined by the guidance system of wave 2006 or in an unaffected location identified by the network management system 1601 and transported to the waveguide system 2006, thus avoiding the fault.
While the backup links are in use, the network management system 1601 may direct the personnel of a utility or communications company to resolve the fault as previously described in the description. Once the fault has been resolved in step 1930, the network management system 1601 can instruct the waveguide system 2006 (and other communication nodes in the backup links) in step 1932 to restore or reconfigure the routing of data according to a mitigation strategy
118 used to solve the fault. Alternatively, the 2006 waveguide system can monitor the power grid for fault mitigation, and autonomously determine if routing configuration will appreciate that due energy detectable in waveguide can reuse a current configuration.
<td colspan="3">previous or if you must</td><td colspan="2">use</td><td colspan="2">a new</td>
<td>from</td><td>routing</td><td>with</td><td>base</td><td>in</td><td colspan="2">change</td>
<td>the</td><td>Network topology</td><td>from</td><td>the net</td><td colspan="2">electric</td><td>I know</td>
<td>the</td><td>failures detected</td><td>by</td><td>one or</td><td>plus</td><td>system</td><td>from</td>
<td colspan="2">2006 may be the</td><td colspan="2">Outcome</td><td>from</td><td>cuts</td><td>from</td>
<td>ia</td><td colspan="2">power lines</td><td>broken</td><td colspan="2">caused</td><td>by</td>
Bad transformers with climatic conditions, operating conditions, or otherwise. The network management system
1601 It can also be used to coordinate the mitigation of power outages based on fault messages sent to the network management system 1601 by one or more waveguide systems 2006. It is also appreciated that secondary communication links (for example, backup link) can also be represented by underground transmission means such as conduits, underground power lines, etc.
While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the respective processes are shown and described as a series of blocks in Figure 19, it will be understood and appreciated that the subject matter claimed is not limited by the
119 order of the blocks, since some blocks may be presented in different orders and / or concurrently with other blocks than is represented and described herein. In addition, not all illustrated blocks may be necessary to implement the methods described herein. It is further noted that the processes of Figure 19 can be modified further to carry out any of the modalities described in the description, such as, for example, modalities with respect to evasion of disturbances in an electrical network as shown. in figures 18A and 18B.
Figure 21 illustrates a flow chart of a non-limiting mode, for example of a method 2100 for setting a communication mode in a communication system such as communication system 1605 of Figure 16. Method 2100 can begin with the step 2102 in which a condition is detected in a power line 1410 by a waveguide system 1402, the condition that adversely affects electromagnetic wave communications in power line 1410. Conditions that may adversely affect electromagnetic wave (EM) communications on power line 1410 may include, without limitation, impediments detectable by sensors 1404 of waveguide system 1402 such as obstructions.
120 shown in Figure 15, scheduled maintenance of power line 1410 by field personnel, adhoc maintenance carried out by field personnel, or other conditions detectable or determinable by waveguide system 1402 and / or management system network 1601.
When system system the step is detected guide guide
2104 to the management of de or determine adverse conditions by wave wave system the
1402 (hereinafter referred to as affected 1402), network management 1601 may be reported by the in the affected network system 1402 and possibly by other waveguide systems near the same conditions.
In step 2106 it is possible to communicate autonomously by affected wave detected that detect selecting the system determine a waveguide mode
1402 according to the adverse condition that has been determined in step 2102, or the affected guidance system 1402 can communicate based on the adverse condition management system, the field personnel materially material the affected waves are not selected network select the con instructions
1601 In given mode cases where you can remedy without repairs and the communications condition between the
1402 and other systems of de por por por affects the guide system of severe and waveguide (for example, a power line down), the type of mode
121 Communication selected in step 2108 may be a skip mode to avoid the affected power line 1410, or portion thereof, completely. The skip mode can be implemented according to the 1900 method of Figure 19, in which a secondary communication link (or backup link) is used to omit the adverse condition detected in step 2102. If, however, the adverse condition can be remedied at least in part by the affected waveguide system 1402 without an omission mode (eg, EM adjustment mode), the waveguide system 1402 may instead select a communication mode in step 2106 that involves adjusting characteristics of electromagnetic waves transmitted or received by the affected waveguide system 1402 (which includes adjusting characteristics of the waveguide system 1402 that carries out the transmission or reception).
Figure 22A illustrates by way of example an obstruction 2210 (for example, a joint for connecting spliced power lines) that can degrade or impair transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves 2208 that propagate on an outer surface of the power line 1410. As described herein, when the waveguide system 1402 is in an operational mode that involves transmitting electromagnetic waves, begins with the
122 generation of electromagnetic waves 2206 that propagate on an outer surface of waveguide 2204 which in turn is coupled to an outer surface of power line 1410 to form electromagnetic waves 2108. On the other hand, when the waveguide system 1402 is in an operational mode to receive electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves 2208 that propagate on the power line 1410 are coupled to an outer surface of the waveguide 2204 to form electromagnetic waves 2206 also described herein.
In each mode of operation, the obstruction 2210 shown in the figure
22A can adversely affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves by attenuating electromagnetic waves, causing reflections of electromagnetic waves, or degrading, damaging by otherwise altering the electromagnetic waves in a way that can cause propagation losses, other harmful effects that may reduce quality of communication services in communication system 1605 in the figure
16. To remedy these effects, the waveguide system affected
1402 It can be configured to adjust the characteristics of the received electromagnetic waves or form. For example, the affected waveguide system 1402 may adjust a propagation mode of
<img file="MX366100B_D0006.tif" />
123 wave of electromagnetic waves transmitted or received in this way. In one embodiment, the affected waveguide system 1402 can adjust the wave propagation medium
<td>when adjusting one</td><td colspan="2">length</td><td>from</td><td>wave</td><td>from</td><td>the waves</td>
<td>electromagnetic</td><td>(Y</td><td>by</td><td>the</td><td>so much,</td><td>the</td><td>frequency</td>
<td>correspondent)</td><td>for</td><td colspan="2">generate</td><td>waves</td><td colspan="2">electromagnetic</td>
adjusted 2216 in waveguide 2204 which in turn is coupled to the outer surface of power line 2202 as electromagnetic waves 2218 having similar wavelengths. The affected waveguide system 1402, for example, can increase the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to make the electromagnetic waves that propagate on the power line 1410 less susceptible to attenuation by the impediment 2210 as shown in the figure 22B.
It will be appreciated that due to multiple effects caused by the impediment 2210 there may be circumstances when the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that can improve the propagation of the electromagnetic waves through the impediment 2210 is decreased. The waveguide system affected 1410 by Therefore, it can be used to test whether the increase or decrease in the wavelength of electromagnetic waves improves communications.
It will also be appreciated that the waveguide system
124 affected 1402 can also be configured to adjust the propagation mode of electromagnetic waves by adjusting a fundamental mode of electromagnetic waves, one or more asymmetric modes of electromagnetic waves, spatial orientations of the one or more asymmetric modes (for example, non-modes fundamental) of electromagnetic waves, or any combination thereof. The adjustment of the fundamental mode, asymmetric modes, or spatial orientations of the asymmetric modes may further include adjusting the wavelength of these modes. In addition, other characteristics of the electromagnetic waves can be adjusted by the affected waveguide system 1402 such as, for example, amplitude, phase, energy level, carrier frequency, modulation techniques, etc. Similarly, error correction techniques used in conjunction with data carried by electromagnetic waves can be adjusted by the affected waveguide system 1402 to improve the ability to reconstruct portions of data damaged by the impediment 2210. Therefore, any combination of the aforementioned adjustments of the electromagnetic waves of adjustments in error correction schemes can be carried out by the affected waveguide system 1402 to mitigate, eliminate and / or reduce adverse conditions detected in the Step 2102
125
To validate any of the above settings, the affected waveguide system 1402 can be configured to transmit electromagnetic wave test signals on the power line 1410 to determine, for example, whether the increase or decrease of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves, the adjustment of the fundamental and / or asymmetric modes, the adjustment of the error correction scheme, and / or the adjustment of other wave / signal characteristics improve communications in the affected power line 1410. The test can be carried out in coordination with a downstream waveguide system using closed loop techniques whereby, by For example, the downstream waveguide system feeds back the test signals sent by the affected waveguide system 1402 such that the affected waveguide system 1402 can analyze these signals. Alternatively, the downstream waveguide system can change its termination impedance to intentionally cause signal reflections of the test signals allowing the waveguide system 1402 to analyze these signals. In yet another embodiment, the downstream waveguide system can carry out measurements and communicate these measurements again to the affected waveguide system 1402 as feedback data for analysis. In other modalities, the analysis is also
126 You can use it based on the analysis of the non-reception of test signals, or loss associated with them. In addition, inferential analysis or predictive analysis can be used in the analysis of the reception or non-reception of the test signals, or information associated therewith.
Now returning to Figure 21, once the waveguide system 1402 has chosen a mitigation strategy to adjust the electromagnetic waves based on the above tests, the affected waveguide system 1402 can inform the guidance system of downstream wave in step
2110 As proposed transmit signals.
The warning provided to the downstream waveguide system (eg, a configuration, protocol, and / or exchange signal) may include information associated with electromagnetic wave parameters that are adjusted by the affected waveguide system 1402 ( for example, changes to wavelength, fundamental mode, asymmetric modes, spatial orientation of asymmetric modes, carrier frequency, magnitude, phase, error correction, Once this information has been communicated to or otherwise coordinated with the downstream waveguide system, the affected waveguide system
1402 can start in step
2112 to transmit receive the adjusted electromagnetic waves, therefore resuming
127 communications with the waveguide system downstream in step 2114.
In one embodiment, if the downstream waveguide system is located after impediment 2210, the downstream waveguide system can receive the adjusted electromagnetic waves of the affected waveguide system 1402 and then retransmits data recovered from electromagnetic waves adjusted with a different mode of communication to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves with other waveguide systems. The communication mode chosen by the downstream waveguide system to communicate with other waveguide systems may be similar or the same as the communication mode previously used by the affected waveguide system 1402. It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, the downstream waveguide system can also retransmit data to other waveguide systems using the same communication mode as that received with adjusted electromagnetic waves. Actually, the adjustment in step 2110 can be applied to multiple downstream or nearby waveguide systems without departing from the example embodiments.
While the affected waveguide system 1402 uses the new communication mode to mitigate the
128 adverse condition detected in step 2102, the affected waveguide system 1402 can be monitored periodically in step 2116 if the adverse condition detected in step 2102 has been mitigated. This step may be the result of the network management system 1601 that receives information from the field staff indicating that the condition has been addressed, removed, removed, modified or otherwise mitigated, and then that informs the waveguide system affected 1402 this change. Alternatively, or in combination, the affected waveguide system 1402 may carry out tests (by test signals sent in this way) to determine whether the condition has been addressed, removed, removed, modified or otherwise mitigated. adverse. If the adjusted communication mode used by the affected waveguide system 1402 restores a quality of communication services that is considered satisfactory by the network management system 1601, then steps 21162118 may not be necessary, and any alarm condition produced by the affected waveguide system 1402 can be removed locally and in the network management system 1601.
When a source of degradation, interruption or impediment on line 1410, such as impediment 2210, which requires repair, field personnel may use a
129 Passive waveguide that does not have active circuits (for example, a cylindrical or rectangular tape of dielectric material) to address or remedy the effects of impediment 2210. The opposite ends of the passive waveguide can be coupled to unaffected portions of the power line 1410 located at opposite ends of the impediment 2210 to cause electromagnetic waves to omit the impediment 2210 and therefore propagate on an outer surface of the passive waveguide Alternatively, a repeater 710 having active circuits can be placed as shown in Figures 7 and 9 at opposite ends of the impediment 2210 to omit the impediment. In yet another embodiment, a dielectric sleeve may be placed around the impediment 2210 such that electromagnetic waves travel over an outer surface of the sleeve. In another embodiment, field personnel may apply dielectric material in impediment 2210 with a spray that emits a dielectric material that adheres to impediment 2210, or by manually applying a composite of dielectric material that adheres to impediment 2210. you will appreciate that other materials that can be applied to impediment 2210 can be used to reduce propagation losses or reflections of electromagnetic waves when they pass through
130 of impediment 2210. For example, a material having a suspension of conductive particles in a binder can be used. It will also be appreciated that an impediment can also be repaired by field personnel with metal bridges. It will also be appreciated that if the impediment is not caused by the affected power line 1410, such as a fallen tree branch or other obstructions, then the removal of the obstruction would be the mitigation strategy probably chosen by the field staff.
Once the adverse condition detected in step 2102 has been addressed, removed, removed, modified or otherwise mitigated by any of the techniques described in the description, the affected waveguide system 1402 can be restored in step 2118 a original mode of communication used by the affected waveguide system 1402 to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves, or a new mode of communication can be chosen by the affected waveguide system 1402 as a result of the mitigation strategy that requires a modification of the characteristics of electromagnetic waves and / or a communications path in the power grid 1603. The change in the communication mode it can be determined by the tests carried out by the affected waveguide system 1402 and / or in response to instructions
131 provided by the network management system 1601 to the affected waveguide system 1402.
It will be appreciated that other conditions may negatively affect electromagnetic wave communications in a transmission medium such as an electric line. For example, water droplets can accumulate on an uninsulated power line (ie bare wire) due to rain and / or excessive humidity. Water drops may be present on an upper or lower side of an outer surface of the uninsulated power line. The accumulated drops in turn can cause an attenuation of the electromagnetic waves that travel on the outer surface of the non-insulated power line and / or cause other distortions that can result in propagation losses and / or signal distortions. The modalities of the method 2100 of Figure 21 can be used to reduce the adverse effects of water droplets, such as, for example, by adjusting the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves. The affected waveguide system 1402 can also adjust the phase and / or magnitude of the electromagnetic waves individually or in combination with the wavelength adjustment.
In general, electromagnetic waves in a non-isolated power line are symmetric electromagnetic waves
132 They operate according to a fundamental way. However, water droplets can cause asymmetric modes to arise. The affected waveguide system 1402 can take advantage of asymmetric modes and utilize multiple cases of dielectric waveguides 2204 having different spatial positions (e.g., northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest) to in turn cause spatial positioning of the asymmetric modes in a way that can avoid water droplets located on an upper and / or lower side of the uninsulated power line. The affected waveguide system 1402 can test one dielectric waveguide 2204 at the same time, or multiple dielectric waveguides 2204 simultaneously. The affected waveguide system 1402 can also use an electromechanical system that has, for example, linear motors that can rotate the multiple dielectric waveguides 2204 around the non-insulated power line. Additionally, a downstream waveguide system may have the same or similar configuration as the affected waveguide system 1402 (eg, multiple rotating dielectric waveguides 2204). The affected waveguide system 1402 can communicate with the downstream waveguide system and coordinate any of the above tests when exchanging messages through a communication channel.
133 control of the affected power line 1410 (if possible), a wireless link between waveguide systems shown in Figure 20, or through the base station
2002.
Other similar techniques or techniques described in the description can be used to mitigate conditions that may be adverse to the transmission and / or reception of electromagnetic waves that propagate on a surface of a transmission medium such as, without limitation, an insulated wire or not insulated, underground wires, conduits above or below ground with a dielectric surface, etc. It will be appreciated that a detectable condition, impediment, or degradation may result in an adverse effect on the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a transmission medium. However, the terms condition, impairment, and degradation as used in the description in some modalities may differ from each other and in other cases lead to a similar result.
For example, a condition can be detected that identifies a future maintenance program, a predicted change in climatic conditions, or that is otherwise expected to negatively affect the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a medium of
134 transmission. Therefore, a condition can negatively affect the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a transmission medium at a future time, not necessarily a current moment. An impediment, on the other hand, can be caused by a source of disturbance that continuously (or at periodic or random intervals) negatively affects the transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a transmission medium. A degradation can lead to an impediment, but not necessarily an impediment from its inception. For example, a deterioration of an insulator in the transmission medium, a slow accumulation of water droplets, etc., can degrade performance factors associated with transmission or reception of electromagnetic waves on a surface of a transmission medium.
However, this degradation can be considered insufficient to be classified as an impediment if the data and / or voice communication services remain unaffected or impact on a nominal basis.
Referring now to Figure 23, a block diagram of a computing environment according to different aspects described herein is illustrated. In order to provide additional context for different modalities of the modalities described herein, Figure 23 and
135 The following analysis is proposed to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment 2300 in which the different modalities of the description can be implemented. While the modalities have been described above in the general context of computer executable instructions that can be executed on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the modalities can also be implemented in combination with other program modules and / or as a combination of hardware and software.
In general, the program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., which perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, minicomputers, central computers, as well as personal computers, portable computing devices. , programmable or microprocessor-based consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
The terms first, second, third, etc., as
136 It is used in the claims, unless it is otherwise clear from the context, they are only for clarity and do not indicate otherwise or imply any order in time. For example, a first determination, a second determination, and a third determination, do not indicate or imply that the first determination is to be made before the second determination, or vice versa, etc.
The illustrated modalities of the modalities herein can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are carried out by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be placed on both local and remote memory storage devices.
Computing devices conventionally comprise a variety of media, which may comprise computer readable storage media and / or communications media, the two terms of which are used herein differently from each other as follows. Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and comprises both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. Way of
137 For example, and without limitation, computer readable storage media can be implemented together with any method or technology for information storage such as computer readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data.
The computer readable storage media may comprise, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology , compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, Magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and / or non-transient media that can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the tangible or non-transitory terms hereby as they apply to storage, memory or computer readable media, will be understood to exclude only transient signals that propagate per se as modifiers and do not waive rights to all standard storage, memory or computer readable media that are not just transient signals that propagate per se.
138
The media can be accessed by computer by one or more readable storage computing devices, local or remote, for example, through access requests, queries or other data recovery protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.
The communication means conventionally incorporate computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, for example, a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, It includes any means of transport or distribution of information.
The term "modulated data signal" or "signals" refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics established or changed in such a way that it encodes information in one or more signals. By way of example, and without limitation, communication means may comprise wired media, such as wired network or direct wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic media,
RF, infrared and other wireless media.
Referring again to Figure 23, the example environment 2300 for transmitting and receiving signals through or at least part of a base station (for
139 for example, base station devices 102, 104, or 520) or central office (for example, central office 101, 1411, or 2000). At least a portion of the sample environment 2300 can also be used for repeater devices (eg, repeater devices 710, or 806). The exemplary environment may comprise a computer 2302, computer 2302 comprising a processing unit 2304, a system memory 2306 and a system bus 2308. System bis 2308 couples system components that include, but are not limited to, system memory 2306 to processing unit 2304. Processing unit 2304 can be any of different commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architectures such as processing unit 2304 can also be used.
The system bus 2308 can be any of several types of bus structure that can be additionally interconnected to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus that uses any of a variety of commercially available bus architectures. System memory 2306 comprises ROM 2310 and RAM 2312. A basic input / output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, program read-only memory, erase (EPROM), EEPROM, whose BIOS contains the basic routines to help
140 transfer information between items inside computer 2302, such as, during startup. RAM 2312 may also comprise a high speed RAM such as static RAM for data storage in cache memory.
Computer 2302 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 2314 (eg, EIDE, SATA), whose internal hard disk drive 2314 can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a drive magnetic floppy disk (FDD) 2316, (for example, to read from or write to a removable floppy disk 2318) and an optical disk drive 2320, (for example, that reads a CD-ROM disk 2322 or, to read from writing to another high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 2314, magnetic disk drive 2316 and optical disk drive 2320 can be connected to the system bus 2308 via a hard disk drive interface 2324, a magnetic disk drive interface 2326 and a drive interface 2328 optical disk, respectively. Interface 2324 for external unit implementations comprises at least one or both of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface technologies and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 1394. Other external unit connection technologies are within the contemplation of the modalities described herein.
The drives and their associated computer readable storage media provide non-volatile storage
Π1 data, data structures, computer executable instructions, etc. For the 2302 computer, the drives and storage media adapt the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of the above readable storage media by computer refers to a disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic floppy disk, and a removable optical medium such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storage media that are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, they can also be used in the example operating environment, and furthermore, that any of these storage media may contain computer executable instructions for carrying out the methods described herein.
Several program modules can be stored in the units and
RAM
2312, which comprise an operating system
2330, one or more application programs 2332, other program modules
2334 and program data
2336 All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and / or data can be stored in cache memory in RAM
2312 The systems and methods described herein can be implemented using different commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems. Examples of 2332 application programs that can be implemented 2304 diversity led processing
142 or otherwise executed by the unit include the determination of selection of performed by the repeater device 806.
The base station device 508 shown in the figure
5, it has also stored in memory many applications programs that can be executed by the processing unit 2304 in this example computing environment
2300.
A user can enter commands and information to computer 2302 through one or more wired / wireless input devices, for example, a 2338 keyboard and a pointing device, such as a 2340 mouse. Other input devices (not shown) may comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a joystick, a video game controller, a pen, touch screen or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 2304 through an input device interface 2342 that can be coupled to the system bus 2308, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a video game port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an IR interface, etc.
A monitor 2344 or other type of display device can also be connected to the system bus 2308 through an interface, such as a video adapter 2346. It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, a
143 Monitor 2344 can also be any display device (for example, another computer that has a screen, a smartphone, a tablet computer, etc.), to receive display information associated with the 2302 computer through any means of communication , which includes over the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to monitor 23
44, a computer conventionally comprises other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.
Computer 2302 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections through wired and / or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 2348. The remote computers 2348 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, laptop, microprocessor-based entertainment device, a peer device or other common network node, and conventionally comprises many or all of the elements described with respect to computer 2302, although, for brevity purposes, only one memory / storage device 2350 is illustrated. The logical connections represented comprise wired / wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 2352 and / or larger networks, for example, a wide area network (WAN) 2354. These LAN and WAN network environments are common in offices
144 and companies, and provide computer networks for the entire company, such as Intranets, all of which can
<td colspan="2">connect to a</td><td>communications network</td><td colspan="2">global,</td><td>by</td><td>example,</td>
<td>Internet.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>When</td><td>I know</td><td colspan="2">use in an environment</td><td>from</td><td>net</td><td>LAN, the</td>
<td>computer</td><td> 2302</td><td>can be connected to</td><td>the</td><td>net</td><td>local</td><td>2352 a</td>
via a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 2356. The adapter 2356 can facilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 2352, which can also comprise a wireless AP placed therein to communicate with the wireless adapter 2356.
When used in a WAN network environment, computer 2302 may comprise a modem 2358 or may be connected to a communications server on WAN 2354 or has other means for establishing communications through WAN 2354, such as by means of Internet. The modem 2358, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 2308 through the input device interface 2342. In a networked environment, program modules represented with respect to the computer 2302 or portions thereof, can be stored remotely 2350. They are shown to be established in the storage / memory device it should be appreciated that the example network connections and Other means of communication can be used between the computers.
145
Computer 2302 can be operable to communicate with any wireless device or entity operatively placed in wireless communication, for example a printer, scanner, desktop and / or laptop computer, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (for example, a kiosk, newspaper stand, bathroom), and telephone. This can include wireless wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH technologies<sup>MR</sup>. Therefore, the communication can be a predefined structure as with a conventional network or
<td>simply a communication</td><td>ad</td><td>hoc</td><td>between</td><td>to the</td><td>less</td><td>two</td>
<td>devices.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Wi-Fi can allow</td><td colspan="2">Connection</td><td colspan="3">to the Internet from</td><td>a</td>
<td>sofa in the home, a bed in</td><td>a</td><td colspan="2">room</td><td>from</td><td>hotel or</td><td>a</td>
Conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in cellular telephony that allows these devices, for example, computers to send and receive data inside and outside; wherever within the reach of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, etc.), to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands without
146 license for example or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so that the networks can provide real performance similar to the wired, lOBaseT, basic Ethernet networks used in many offices.
Figure 24 represents an example embodiment 2400 of a mobile network platform 2410 that can either implement and take advantage of one or more aspects of the subject matter described herein. In one or more modes, the mobile network platform 2410 can generate and receive transmitted signals and
<td>received</td><td>by</td><td colspan="2">seasons</td><td>base</td><td>(for example,</td><td>Devices</td>
<td>station</td><td>base</td><td> 102,</td><td>104 or</td><td> 520) ,</td><td colspan="2">central office (for example,</td>
<td>office</td><td colspan="2">central</td><td> 101,</td><td> 1411,</td><td>or 2000),</td><td>or devices</td>
repeaters (for example, 710 repeater devices, or
806) associated with the matter described. In general, the wireless network platform 2410 may comprise components, for example, nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or various platforms, which facilitate both packet switching (PS) traffic (eg, Internet Protocol (IP) ), frame retransmission, asynchronous circuit transfer mode (ATM) such as example switching traffic, voice and data), as well as control generation for wireless network telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, the wireless network platform
2410 it may be included in networks of telecommunications operators, and operator side components can be considered as discussed elsewhere in the
147 present, the mobile network platform · 2410 comprises CS 2412 gateway nodes that may be in interface with CS traffic received from legacy networks such as 2440 telephone networks (eg, public switched telephone network (PSTN), or land mobile network public (PLMN)) or a signaling system network # 7 (SS7) 2470. The circuit switching gateway nodes 2412 can authorize and authenticate traffic (eg, voice) arising from these networks. In addition, the CS 2412 gateway nodes can access mobility, or roaming data generated through the SSC7 2470 network; for example mobility data stored in a visited location register (VLR), which may reside in memory 2430. In addition, the CS 2412 gateway nodes are in interface with PS gateway and traffic-based signaling and traffic nodes. in CS 2418. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, CS 2412 gateway nodes can be implemented at least in part on the GPRS gateway (GGSN) support nodes. It should be appreciated that the specific functionality and operation of the CS 2412 gateway nodes, PS 2418 gateway nodes and 2416 service nodes, is provided and dictated by the radio technologies used by the 2410 mobile network platform to telecommunication.
In addition to receiving and processing signaling and switching traffic of CS circuits, PS 2418 gateway nodes can authorize and authenticate based data sessions
148 on PS with mobile devices serviced. The data sessions may comprise traffic, or content, exchanged with networks external to the 2410 wireless network platform, such as 2450 wide area networks (WAN), 2470 business networks, and 2480 service networks, which can be incorporated into the networks local area (LAN), can also be interfaced with the mobile network platform 2410 through PS 2418 gateway nodes. It will be noted that WAN 2450 and 2460 enterprise networks can incorporate, at least in part, service networks as an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). Based on the radio technology layers available in the 2417 technology resources, packet switching gateway nodes 2418 can generate packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established; Other data structures that facilitate routing of packed data can also be generated. To that end, in one aspect, the PS 2418 gateway nodes may comprise a tunnel interface (eg, tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in 3GPP UMTS networks (not shown)) that can facilitate communication packaged with various wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi networks.
In the 2400 mode, the wireless network platform 2410 also comprises service nodes 2416 which, based on the radio technology layers available within 2417 technology resources, carry the different
149 packed streams of data streams received through PS 2418 gateway nodes. It will be noted that for technology resources 2417 that rely primarily on CS communication, server nodes can distribute traffic without reliance on gate nodes. PS link 2418; for example, the server nodes may at least partly incorporate a mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, the service nodes 2416 can be incorporated into the service GPRS support nodes (SGSN).
For radio technologies that take advantage of packaged communication, servers 2414 on the wireless network platform 2410 can run several applications that can generate multiple flows or streams of different packaged data, and manage (for example, schedule, line up, format ...) these flows. These applications may comprise additional features to standard services (for example, provisioning, billing, customer support ...) provided by the 2410 wireless network platform. Data streams (for example, content that is part of a voice call or data session) can be transported to PS 2418 gateway nodes for authorization / authentication and initiation of a data session, and to service nodes 2416 for communication after that. In addition to the application server, servers 2414 may comprise service servers
150 public, a public service server may comprise a provisioning server, an operation and maintenance server, a security server that can at least partly implement a certificate and firewall authority as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In one aspect, the security servers ensure the communication served through the wireless network platform 2410 to ensure the operation and integrity of network data in addition to authorization and authentication procedures that the CS 2412 gateway nodes and nodes Gateway PS 2418 can represent. In addition, provisioning servers can provision external network services such as networks operated by a diverse service provider; for example, WAN 2450 or Global Positioning Systems (GPS) networks (not shown). Provisioning servers can also provision coverage through networks associated with the 2410 wireless network platform (for example, implemented and operated by the same service provider), such as the distributed antenna networks shown in Figure 1 that improve the Wireless service coverage by providing more network coverage. Repeater devices such as those shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 also improve network coverage in order to improve the subscriber's service experience via UE 2475.
It will be noted that 2414 servers can
151 comprise one or more processors configured to at least partially confer the functionality of the 2410 macro network platform. To that end, the one or more processors can execute code instructions stored in memory 2430, by way of example. It should be appreciated that 2414 servers
<td>they can understand a</td><td colspan="2">manager</td><td>content 2415,</td><td>what</td><td>Opera</td>
<td>substantially of</td><td>the</td><td>same</td><td>way I know</td><td colspan="2">described</td>
<td>previously.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>In the mode</td><td>from</td><td>example</td><td>2400, memory</td><td> 2430</td><td>may</td>
store information related to the operation of the 2410 wireless network platform. Other operational information may include provisioning information of mobile devices served through the wireless platform network 2410, subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes, for example, promotional rates, fixed rate programs, coupon campaigns; technical specifications consistent with telecommunications protocols for operation of various layers of radio, or wireless technology; etc. Memory 2430 can also store information from at least one of the telephone networks 2440, WAN 2450, business networks 2460, or network SS7 2470. In one aspect, for example, memory 2430 can be accessed as part of a storage component data or as a memory store connected remotely.
In order to provide a context for the different
152 Aspects of the subject described, it is proposed that Figure 24, and the following analysis, provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the different aspects of the subject described can be implemented. While the matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and / or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the subject matter described can also be implemented in combination. with other program modules. In general, the program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., which perform particular tasks and / or implement particular abstract data types.
Figure 25 represents an illustrative embodiment of a communication device 2500. The communication device 2500 can serve as an illustrative mode of devices such as mobile devices and devices inside buildings referred to by the description (for example, in Figures 1 and 14).
The communication device 2500 may comprise a wired and / or wireless transceiver 2502 (in the present transceiver 2502), a user interface (UI) 2504, a power supply 2514, a location receiver 2516, a motion sensor 2518, an orientation sensor 2520, and a controller 2506 to manage operations thereof.
153
The 2502 transceiver can support short-range or long-range wireless access technologies such as Bluetooth<sup>MR</sup>, ZigBee<sup>MR</sup>, WiFi, DECT, or other cellular communication technologies, to mention just a few (Bluetooth<sup>MR </sup>and ZigBee<sup>MR</sup> are trademarks of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group<sup>MR</sup> and the ZigBee Alliance<sup>MR</sup>, respectively). Cellular technologies may include, for example, CDMAIX, UMTS / HSDPA, GSM / GPRS, TDMA / EDGE, EV / DO, WiMAX, SDR, LTE, as well as other next-generation wireless communication technologies when they arise. Transceiver 2502 can also be adapted to support wired circuit switching access technologies (such as PSTN), wired packet switching access technologies (such as TCP / IP, VoIP, etc.), and combinations thereof.
The UI 2504 may include an oppressive or touch-sensitive keyboard 2508 with a navigation mechanism such as a roller ball, a joystick, a mouse, or a navigation disk for manipulating operations of the communication device 2500. The keyboard 2508 can be an integral part of a housing assembly of the communication device 2500 or an independent device operatively coupled thereto by a related wired interface (such as a USB cable) or a wireless interface that supports, for example, Bluetooth<sup>MR</sup>. The 2508 keypad can represent a numeric keypad commonly used by phones, and / or a QWERTY keypad with keys
154 alphanumeric The UI 2504 may also include a 2510 screen such as monochrome or color LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) or other display technology suitable for transporting images to an end user of the 2500 communication device. an embodiment where the screen 2510 is touch sensitive, a portion of or all of the keyboard 2508 can be presented by means of the screen 2510 with navigation features.
The 2510 screen can use touch screen technology to also serve as a user interface to detect user input. As a touch screen, the communication device 2500 can be adapted to present a user interface that has graphical user interface (GUI) elements that can be selected by a user with a touch of a finger. The touchscreen
<td>2510 can</td><td>to be</td><td colspan="2">equipped</td>
<td>resistive u</td><td>other</td><td>shapes</td><td>from</td>
<td>detect the</td><td colspan="2">amount of</td><td>area</td>
User has been placed on with capacitive technology, sensing technology to surface the finger of a portion of the touch screen. This detection information can be used to control the manipulation of GUI elements or other functions of the user interface. The screen 2510 may be an integral part of the housing assembly of the communication device 2500 or an independent device communicatively coupled thereto by a related wired interface (such as a cable) or a
<img file="MX366100B_D0007.tif" />
155 wireless interface
The UI 2504 may also include an audio system 2512 that uses audio technology to carry low-volume audio (such as audio heard in close proximity to a human ear) and high-volume audio (such as speaker for hands-free operation). The 2512 audio system may also include a microphone to receive audible signals from an end user. The 2512 audio system can also be used for voice recognition applications. The UI 2504 may further include an image sensor 2513 such as a docking device (CCD) camera for capturing static or moving images.
The power supply 2514 replaceable and rechargeable common energy management technologies, technologies can use such as supply regulation batteries, and / or charging system technologies to supply power communication to the components of the device
2500 to facilitate long-range or short-range portable communications. Alternatively, or in combination, the charging system may use external power sources such as CD power supplied through a physical interface such as a USB port or other suitable connection technologies.
The 2516 location receiver can use location technology such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver with assisted GPS capability to identify
156 a location of the communication device 2500 based on signals generated by a constellation of GPS satellites, which can be used to facilitate location services such as navigation. The motion sensor 2518 may use motion detection technology such as an accelerometer, gyroscope, or other motion detection technology suitable for detecting movement of the communication device 2500 in three-dimensional space. The orientation sensor 2520 can use orientation detection technology such as a magnetometer to detect the orientation of the communication device 2500 (north, south, west, and east, as well as combined orientations in degrees, minutes, or other suitable orientation metrics ).
The communication device 2500 can use the transceiver 2502 to also determine a proximity to a cellular access point, WiFi, Bluetooth<sup>MR</sup>, or other wireless access point by detection techniques such as using a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and / or measurements of signal arrival time (TOA) or flight time (TOF). Controller 2506 may use computational technologies such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), programmable gate arrangements, application specific integrated circuits, and / or a video processor with associated storage memory such as Flash, ROM , RAM, SRAM, DRAM, or others
157 storage technologies to execute computer instructions, control, and process data supplied by the aforementioned components of the communication device 2500.
Other components not shown in Figure 25 can be used in one or more embodiments of the description. For example, the communication device 2500 may include a slot for adding or removing an identity module such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card or Universal Integrated Circuit Card (UICC). SIM or UICC cards can be used to identify subscriber services, run programs, store subscriber data, etc.
In the specification, the terms such as storage, storage, data warehouse, data storage, database, and substantially any other information storage component relevant to the operation and functionality of a component, refer to memory components, or entities incorporated in a memory or components comprising the memory.
It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may comprise both volatile and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and without limitation, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, storage of disk, and memory storage. In addition, nonvolatile memory
158 it can be included in read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may comprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and without limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM ), DRAM Synchlink (SLDRAM), and RAM Rambus direct (DRRAM). In addition, the described memory components of systems or methods herein are proposed to understand, without being limited to understanding, these and any other types of memory.
In addition, it will be indicated that the subject matter described can be practiced with other computer system configurations, which comprise single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computer devices, central computers, as well as personal computers, portable computing devices (for example , PDA, phone, watch, tablet computers, netbooks ...), programmable or microprocessor-based industrial or consumer electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed using remote processing devices that are linked through
159 of a communications network; however, some but not all aspects of the description can be practiced in autonomous computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be placed on both local and remote memory storage devices.
Some of the modalities described herein may also employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate the automation of one or more features described herein. For example, artificial intelligence can be used to determine positions around a wire that dielectric waveguides 604 and 606 should be placed in order to increase the maximum transfer efficiency. Modalities (for example, in connection with the automatic identification of acquired cell sites that provide a maximum value / benefit after the addition to an existing communication network) may employ different AI-based schemes to carry out different modalities of the same. In addition, the classifier can be used to determine a classification or priority of each cell site in the acquired network. A classifier is a function that maps a vector of input attributes, x = (xl, x2, x3, x4,..., Xn), to a trust that the input belongs to a class, that is, f (x) = trust (class). This classification can use an analysis
160 statistical and / or probabilistic (for example, factorization in the costs and utilities of analysis) to predict or infer an action that a user wishes to perform automatically. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be used. The SVM operates by finding a hyper-surface in the space of possible entries, which the hyper-surface attempts to divide the activation criteria from the non-activation criteria. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct to test the data that is close, but not identical to the training data. Other approaches to classification of directed and non-directed models include, for example, Naive Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification models that provide different patterns of independence can be employed. The classification as used herein is also inclusive of statistical regression that is used to develop priority models.
As will be readily appreciated, one or more of the modalities may employ classifiers that are explicitly trained (for example, by generic training data), as well as implicitly trained (for example, by observing EU behavior,
161 operator preferences, historical information, reception of extrinsic information). For example, SVMs can be configured through a training or learning phase within a classifier constructor and feature selection module. Therefore, classifiers can be used to automatically learn and perform different functions, which include, but are not limited to determination according to a predetermined criterion of which of the acquired cell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and / or which of the acquired cell sites will add a minimum value to the existing communication network coverage, and so on.
As used in some contexts in this application, in some embodiments, the terms component, system and the like are proposed to refer to, or understand, a computer related computer entity or an entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, where the entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or running software. As an example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process that runs on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, computer-executable instructions, a program, and / or a computer Way of
162 illustration and not limitation, both an application that runs on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and / or thread of execution and a component may be placed in a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers.
In addition, these components can be executed from different computer readable media that have different data structures stored therein. Components can communicate via local and / or remote processes such as according to a signal that has one or more data packets (for example, data from a component that interacts with another component in a local system, distributed system, and / or through a network such as the Internet with other systems through the signal). As another example, a 15. component may be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electrical or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least 20 a part of the software or firmware application.
As yet another example, a component may be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components may comprise a processor therein.
163 to run software or firmware that at least partially confers the functionality of electronic components. While different components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from the example embodiments.
In addition, different modalities can be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using engineering techniques and / or standard programming to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement the described matter. The term manufacturing article as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any device readable by computer or storage readable by computer / media. For example, computer readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical discs (e.g., compact disk (CD), disk Versatile digital (DVD)), smart cards and flash memory devices (for example, card, memory card, key unit). Of course, those experts in
164 The technique will recognize that many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the different modalities.
In addition, the words example and example are used herein in the sense that they act as an instance or illustration. Any modality or design described herein as an example or example is not necessarily considered as preferred or advantageous with respect to other designs or modalities. On the contrary, the use of the word example or example is proposed to present concepts in a concrete way. As used in this application, the term or is proposed to mean one or inclusive rather than one or exclusive. That is, unless specified in a way or clearly by context,
X uses A or
B is proposed to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X uses A; X uses B; or X uses both A and B, so X uses A or B is satisfied under any of the previous instances. In addition, articles one and one as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be considered to mean one or more unless otherwise specified or clearly by the context that is directed to a singular form.
In addition, the terms such as user equipment,
165 mobile station, subscriber station, access terminal, terminal, headphones, mobile device (and / or terms that represent similar terminology) may refer to a wireless device used by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or transfer data , control, voice, video, sound, games or substantially any data stream or signal stream. The above terms are used interchangeably herein and with reference to the related figures.
In addition, the terms user, subscriber, consumer, customer and the like are used interchangeably throughout the description, unless the context justifies particular distinctions between the terms. It should be appreciated that these terms may refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (for example, an ability to make inference based, at least, on complex mathematical formalisms), which provides simulated vision, sound recognition, etc. .
As used herein, the term "processor" may refer to substantially any computer processing unit or device that comprises, but is not limited to comprising, single core processors;
166 processors with multiple software execution capabilities; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with multiple software execution capabilities; multi-core processors with multi-wire hardware execution technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor may refer to an integrated circuit, a specific application integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC) , a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can take advantage of nano-scale architectures, such as, but not limited to, quantum or molecular transistors, switches and gates to optimize space usage or improve user equipment performance. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.
As used herein, terms such as data storage, database, and substantially any other information storage component
167 Relevant to the operation and functionality of a component, it refers to memory components, or entities incorporated into a memory or components that comprise the memory. It will be appreciated that the computer readable memory components or storage media described herein may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
What has been described above includes simple examples of different modalities. Of course, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing these examples, but a person skilled in the art can recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of the present modalities are possible. Consequently, the modalities described and / or claimed herein are proposed to cover all these modifications, alterations and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. In addition, to the extent that the term includes used in either the detailed description or in the claims, it is proposed that this term be inclusive in a manner similar to the term that it comprises as being understood is interpreted when used as a transition word in a claim.
168
NEW OF THE INVENTION
Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, what is contained in the following is claimed as property.
CLAIMS
Contents10
33 sheets
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29 members in 9 offices
Priority claims3
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14513246 | United States of America | – | |
| 201414513246 | United States of America | A | |
| 2015049928 | United States of America | W |
Members29
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2016105255A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2963788A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2016060761A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2016365943A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR20170072249A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR20170072249A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| MX2017004830A | Mexico | A | |
| MX2017004830A | Mexico | A | |
| CN107005270A | China | A | |
| EP3207384A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| JP2017534199A | Japan | A | |
| US9847850B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US9973299B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BR112017007642A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| US2018248652A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP6393417B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| KR20180118247A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR20180118247A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR101913108B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR101913108B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| JP2018198457A | Japan | A | |
| CA2963788C | Canada | C | |
| MX366100BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| US10367603B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2019296853A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US10644831B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP3207384B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| JP6858736B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| CN107005270B | China | B |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Grant or registrationFG | FG |
Numbers
- Publication
- 366100
- Application
- 4830
Titles2
- Spanish
- METODO Y APARATO PARA AJUSTAR UN MODO DE COMUNICACION EN UNA RED DE COMUNICACION.
- English
- METHOD AND APPLIANCE TO ADJUST A COMMUNICATION MODE IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK.
Classification
- CPC, 12
- H04B3/52
- H02J13/1323
- H04L1/0025
- H04B3/54
- H04B2203/5425
- Y04S40/121
- Y02E60/00
- Y04S40/124
- H02J13/1311
- G01R31/08
- H04W72/0453
- G01R31/58
- IPC, 7
- H04L25 00
- G01R31 02
- G01R31 08
- H01P3 10
- H02J13 00
- H04B3 52
- H04B3 54