Guided-wave transmission device with non-fundamental mode propagation and methods for use therewith.
Abstract
Aspects of the disclosure of the subject matter may include, for example, a coupler that includes a tapered collar surrounding a transmission cable; a coaxial coupler that surrounds at least a portion of the transmission cable guides an electromagnetic wave to the tapered collar; the tapered collar couples the electromagnetic wave to propagate along an outer surface of the transmission cable; other modalities are disclosed.

Term
9.3 yearsleft in the term
Expires 29 January 2036.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
14 claims: 10 independent, 4 dependent
- 1Un dispositivo de transmisión que comprende:una interfaz de comunicaciones que recibe una señal de comunicación que incluye datos;un transceptor, acoplado a la interfaz de comunicaciones, que genera una onda electromagnética basada en la señal de comunicación para transmitir los datos de acuerdo con al menos un modo electromagnético, EM, seleccionado;y un acoplador, acoplado al transceptor, configurado para recibir y acoplar la onda electromagnética a un medio de transmisión que tiene una superficie, en donde el acoplador incluye un anillo conductor y un collar ahusado que rodea el medio de transmisión, en donde el anillo conductor guia la onda electromagnética al collar ahusado, y en donde el collar ahusado acopla la onda electromagnética a ser guiada por el medio de transmisión para propagación a lo largo del medio de transmisión de acuerdo con dicho al menos un modo EM seleccionado, caracterizado porque dicho al menos un modo EM 126 seleccionado incluye un modo EM no fundamental que es guiado por una superficie exterior del medio de transmisión, y en donde el modo EM no fundamental genera un patrón de campo EM con un mínimo local en una orientación azimutal alrededor del medio de transmisión que corresponde a una orientación esperada de una formación de gotitas de agua.
- 2El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el acoplador forma un intervalo entre el anillo conductor y el medio de transmisión que incluye un primer elemento dieléctrico.
- 3El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, caracterizado porque el collar ahusado incluye un segundo elemento dieléctrico.
- 4El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el modo EM no fundamental tiene una frecuencia de corte, y en donde una frecuencia portadora de la onda electromagnética es seleccionada con base en la frecuencia de corte.
- 5El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la frecuencia portadora está dentro de una banda de frecuencia de microondas. 127
- 6El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque la frecuencia portadora está dentro de una banda de frecuencia de onda milimétrica.
- 7El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque dicho al menos un modo EM seleccionado es seleccionado de una pluralidad de modos EM que incluyen:el modo EM no fundamental, un modo EM fundamental, y un modo de combinación que incluye el modo EM no fundamental y el modo EM fundamental.
- 8El dispositivo de transmisión de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el medio de transmisión incluye una camisa aislante y en donde la onda electromagnética es guiada por el medio de transmisión para propagación a lo largo de una superficie exterior de la camisa aislante.
- 9Un método que comprende:recibir, a través de una interfaz de comunicaciones, una señal de comunicación que incluye datos;generar, a través de un transceptor, una onda electromagnética basada en la señal de comunicación para transmitir los datos de acuerdo con al menos un modo electromagnético, EM, seleccionado;y 128 acoplar, a través de un acoplador, la onda electromagnética a un medio de transmisión que tiene una superficie, en donde el acoplador incluye un anillo conductor y un collar ahusado que rodea el medio de transmisión, en donde el anillo conductor guia la onda electromagnética al collar ahusado, y en donde el collar ahusado acopla la onda electromagnética a ser guiada por el medio de transmisión para propagación a lo largo del medio de transmisión de acuerdo con dicho al menos un modo EM seleccionado, en donde dicho al menos un modo EM seleccionado incluye un modo EM no fundamental que es guiado por una superficie exterior del medio de transmisión, y caracterizado porque el modo EM no fundamental genera un patrón de campo EM con un mínimo local en una orientación azimutal alrededor del medio de transmisión que corresponde a una orientación esperada de una primer elemento dieléctrico.
- 1011. El método de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 9 o 10, caracterizado porque el collar ahusado incluye un segundo elemento dieléctrico. 129
- 1112. El método de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 9 I a 11, caracterizado porque el modo EM no fundamental tiene una frecuencia de corte, y en donde una frecuencia portadora de la onda electromagnética es seleccionada con base en la frecuencia de corte.
- 1213. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 12, caracterizado porque la frecuencia portadora está dentro de una banda de frecuencia de microondas.
- 1314. El método de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 9 y el modo EM fundamental. no fundamental
- 1415. El método de conformidad con las reivindicaciones 9 a 14, caracterizado porque el medio de transmisión incluye una camisa aislante y en donde la onda electromagnética es guiada por el medio de transmisión para propagación a lo largo de una superficie exterior de la camisa aislante.
Independent claims14
388 paragraphs in 5 sections, as filed
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
<td>The figure</td><td>1 is a block diagram illustrating a</td>
<td>mode no</td><td>exemplary limitation of a system of</td>
<td>communications</td><td>guided wave according to various</td>
aspects described here.
Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a dielectric waveguide coupler in accordance with various aspects described herein.
Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a dielectric waveguide coupler in accordance with various aspects described herein.
Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a dielectric waveguide coupler in accordance with various aspects described herein.
<td>The</td><td>figures 5A and</td><td>5B</td><td>they are diagrams</td><td>of blocks</td><td>what</td>
<td>illustrate</td><td>modalities</td><td colspan="3">non-limiting copies of</td><td>a</td>
<td colspan="2">guide coupler</td><td>wave</td><td>dielectric and</td><td>transceiver</td><td>from</td>
<td>agreement</td><td colspan="2">with various aspects</td><td>described here.</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The</td><td>figure 6 is a</td><td colspan="2">blocks diagram</td><td>that illustrates</td><td>a</td>
exemplary non-limiting mode of a dual dielectric waveguide coupler according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 7 is an exemplary non-limiting modality block bidirectional dielectric wave diagram illustrating one of a guide coupler according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 8 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary non-limiting mode of a bidirectional dielectric waveguide coupler according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 9 illustrates a block diagram showing an exemplary non-limiting mode of a bidirectional repeater system according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 10 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary non-limiting mode of a method for transmitting a transmission with a dielectric waveguide coupler as described herein.
Figure 11 is a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting mode of a computing environment according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 12 is a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting mode of a mobile network platform according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a coupler according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a coupler according to various
<img file="MX364592B_D0001.tif" />
aspects described here.
Figure 15 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a guided wave communication system according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 16 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a transmission device according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 17 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of an electromagnetic distribution according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 18 is a diagram illustrating exemplary non-limiting modalities of various electromagnetic distributions in accordance with various aspects described herein.
Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating exemplary non-limiting modalities of various electromagnetic distributions in accordance with various aspects described herein.
Figures 20a and 20b are a diagram illustrating exemplary non-limiting modalities of a transmission medium according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 21 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a transmission device according to various aspects described herein.
Figure 22 illustrates non-limiting mode selecting a frequency
<td>a</td><td>diagram</td><td>from</td><td>flow</td><td>of a</td>
<td colspan="2">copy of</td><td>a</td><td colspan="2">method for</td>
<td>from</td><td>carrier</td><td>such</td><td>how</td><td>here I know</td>
describe.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One or more modalities are now described with reference to the drawings, where similar reference numbers are used to refer to similar elements in the document. In the following description, for explanation purposes,
<td>are set</td><td>numerous</td><td>details</td><td>for</td><td>provide</td><td>a</td>
<td colspan="2">complete understanding of</td><td colspan="2">the various</td><td>modalities</td><td>Without</td>
<td>however it turns out</td><td>evident</td><td>that the</td><td colspan="2">various modalities</td><td>I know</td>
<td>can practice</td><td>without these</td><td>details</td><td>(and without</td><td colspan="2">apply to some</td>
norm or particular network environment).
To provide network connectivity to additional base station devices, the backhaul network that links the communication cells (for example, micro cells and macro cells) to the network devices of the core network expands accordingly. Similarly, to provide network connectivity to a distributed antenna system, an extended communication system that links the base station devices and their distributed antennas is desirable. A guided wave communication system can be provided to allow for alternate, increased or additional network connectivity and a waveguide coupling system can be provided to transmit and / or receive guided wave communications (e.g., surface wave ) on a cable, such as a cable that operates as a single-wire transmission line (for example, a utility line), that operates as a waveguide and / or that otherwise operates to guide the transmission of an electromagnetic wave.
In one embodiment, a waveguide coupler that is used in a waveguide coupling system may be made of a dielectric material, or other low loss insulator (e.g., Teflon, polyethylene, etc.) or may even be made of a conductive material (for example, metallic, non-metallic, etc.), or any combination of the above materials. The reference in the detailed description to the dielectric waveguide is for illustration purposes and does not limit the modalities to be constructed solely of dielectric materials. In other embodiments, other dielectric or insulating materials are possible. It will be appreciated that a variety of transmission media with guided wave communications can be used without departing from exemplary modalities. Examples of said transmission means may include one or more of the following, either alone or in one or more combinations: cables, either isolated or not, and either single-stranded or multiple stranded; conductors of other shapes or configurations including cable ties, wires, bars, rails, pipes; non-conductive such as dielectric pipes, bars, rails or other dielectric elements; combinations of conductors and dielectric materials; or other means of guided wave transmission.
One embodiment of the subject matter disclosure includes a coupler that includes a tapered collar surrounding a transmission cable. A coaxial launcher that surrounds the transmission cable and guides an electromagnetic wave to the tapered collar. The tapered collar couples the electromagnetic wave to propagate along an outer surface of the transmission cable.
One embodiment of the disclosure of the subject matter includes a transmission device that includes a communications interface that receives a communication signal that includes data. A transceiver generates an electromagnetic wave based on the first communication signal to transmit the data according to at least one selected electromagnetic mode (EM). A coupler is configured to receive and couple the electromagnetic wave to a transmission medium that has an outer surface. The coupler includes a conductive ring and a tapered collar that surrounds the transmission medium. The conductive ring guides the electromagnetic wave to the tapered collar. The tapered collar couples the electromagnetic wave
<td>to spread to</td><td>the</td><td>along the</td><td>surface</td><td colspan="2">Exterior</td><td>of the</td>
<td>transmission medium</td><td>to</td><td>through</td><td>at least</td><td>a</td><td>mode</td><td>EM</td>
<td>selected.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>A modality of</td><td>the</td><td>divulgation</td><td colspan="2">Of the mattery</td><td>suj eto</td><td>I know</td>
It focuses on a method that includes generating an electromagnetic wave to transmit the data according to a non-fundamental mode that has an electromagnetic field (EM) pattern with a local minimum in an azimuthal orientation. The method further includes coupling the electromagnetic wave to propagate on an outer surface of a transmission medium in a desired orientation with respect to the transmission medium, such as a desired orientation that aligns with an expected orientation of the droplet formation of Water from the transmission medium.
Various modalities described herein relate to a waveguide coupling system for launching and extracting guided wave transmissions (for example, surface wave communications that are electromagnetic waves) from a cable. At millimeter wave frequencies (for example, 30 to 300 GHz) or lower microwave frequencies (for example, 3 to 30 GHz), where the wavelength can be small compared to the size of the equipment, transmissions can be propagate as waves guided by a waveguide, such as a strip or length of dielectric material or another coupler. The structure of the electromagnetic field of the guided wave can be inside and / or outside the waveguide. When this waveguide is approached to a cable (for example, a utility line or other transmission line), at least a part of the guided waves is decoupled from the waveguide and coupled to the cable, and continues to propagate like guided waves, such
<td>like waves</td><td colspan="2">Of surface</td><td colspan="2">around</td><td>Of the surface</td><td>of the</td>
<td>cable.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="2">In accordance with</td><td>a</td><td colspan="2">modality</td><td>exemplary, a wave</td><td>from</td>
<td>surface</td><td>is a guy</td><td>from</td><td>wave</td><td colspan="2">guided which is guided by</td><td>a</td>
<td>surface</td><td>of the cable,</td><td>the</td><td>which one</td><td>may</td><td colspan="2">include a surface</td>
<td>outside or</td><td>external</td><td colspan="2">cable, u</td><td>other</td><td>cable surface</td><td>what</td>
it is adjacent to or exposed to another type of medium that has different properties (for example, dielectric properties). In fact, in an exemplary embodiment, a cable surface that guides a surface wave can represent a transition surface between two different types of media. For example, in the case of a non-insulated or bare cable, the surface of the cable may be the outer or outer conductive surface of the bare or non-insulated cable that is exposed to the air or free space. As another example, in the case of the insulated cable, the surface of the cable may be the conductive portion of the cable that meets the insulating portion of the cable, or otherwise it may be the insulating surface of the cable that is exposed to air or space free, or otherwise it may be any region of material between the insulating surface of the cable and the conductive portion of the cable that meets the insulating portion of the cable, depending on the relative differences in the properties (for example, dielectric properties) of the insulator, air and / or the conductor and also depending on the frequency and mode or modes of propagation of the guided wave.
According to an exemplary embodiment, guided waves such as surface waves can be contrasted with radio transmissions over free space / air or conventional propagation of electrical power or signals through the cable conductor. In fact, with the surface wave or guided wave systems described herein, conventional electrical power or signals can continue to propagate or be transmitted through the cable conductor, while guided waves (including surface waves and other waves electromagnetic) can be propagated or transmitted around the surface of the cable, according to an exemplary mode. In one embodiment, a surface wave may have a field structure (for example, an electromagnetic field structure) that lies principally or substantially outside the line, cable or transmission medium that serves to guide the surface wave.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the electromagnetic waves that travel along the cable and around the outer surface of the cable are induced by other electromagnetic waves that travel along a waveguide near the cable. The induction of electromagnetic waves can be independent of any electrical potential, charge or current that is injected or otherwise transmitted through the wires as part of an electrical circuit. It will be appreciated that although a small current can be formed in the cable in response to the propagation of the electromagnetic wave along the cable, this may be due to the propagation of the electromagnetic wave along the surface of the cable, and not It is formed in response to the electrical potential, charge or current that is injected into the cable as part of an electrical circuit. The electromagnetic waves that travel over the cable then do not require a circuit to propagate along the surface of the cable. Therefore, the cable is a single-wire transmission line that is not part of a circuit. Also, in some embodiments, a cable is not necessary, and electromagnetic waves can propagate along a single-line transmission medium that is not a cable.
According to an exemplary embodiment, the term around a cable used in conjunction with a guided wave (for example, surface wave) may include fundamental wave propagation modes and other guided waves that have a circular or substantially circular field distribution (for example, electric field, magnetic field, electromagnetic field, etc.) at least partially around a cable or other means of transmission. In addition, when a guided wave propagates around a cable or other transmission medium, it can do so in accordance with a wave propagation mode that includes not only the fundamental wave propagation modes (for example, zero order modes) , but also additionally or alternatively other non-fundamental wave propagation modes such as higher order guided wave modes (e.g., order reading modes, 2nd order modes, etc.), asymmetric modes and / or other guided waves (for example, surface) that have non-circular field distributions around a cable or other transmission medium.
For example, said non-circular field distributions may be unilateral or multilateral with one axial lobes characterized by a resistance of or more relatively higher field and / or one or more null or null regions with local minima characterized by a relatively low field resistance, zero field resistance substantially zero field resistance. In addition, the field distribution may otherwise vary as a function of the azimuthal orientation around the cable so that one or more regions of the orientation around the cable have an electric or magnetic azimuthal field resistance (or combination thereof) which is superior to one or more different regions of azimuthal orientation, according to an exemplary modality. It will be appreciated that the relative positions of the higher wave order modes or asymmetric modes may vary as the guided wave travels along the cable.
Referring now to Figure 1, a block diagram is shown illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a guided wave communication system 100. The guided wave communication system 100 shows an exemplary environment in which a transmission device, coupler or coupling module.
The guided wave communication system 100 may be a distributed antenna system that includes one or more base station devices (eg, base station devices 104) that are communicatively coupled to a macrocell site 102 or other connection of net. The base station device 104 can be connected via a wired (for example, fiber and / or cable) or wireless connection (for example, microwave wireless) to the macrocell site 102. Macro cells such as the macrocell site 102 may have dedicated connections to the mobile network and the base station device 104 may share and / or otherwise use the connection of the macrocell site 102. The base station device 104 may be mounted at a public service pole 116 or you can join it. In other embodiments, the base station device 104 may be nearby transformers and / or other locations located near a power line.
The base station device 104 can facilitate connectivity to a mobile network for mobile devices 122 and 124. Antennas 112 and 114, mounted at or near the public service poles 118 and 120, respectively, can receive signals from the mobile device. base station 104 and can transmit those signals to mobile devices 122 and 124 over a much wider area than if antennas 112 and 114 were located at or near the base station device 104.
It is noted that Figure 1 displays three public service poles, with a base station device, for simplicity purposes. In other embodiments, the public services pole 116 may have more base station devices, and one or more public service poles with distributed antennas are possible.
□ n a transmission device, such as a dielectric waveguide coupling device 106, can transmit the signal from the base station device 104 to the antennas 112 and 114 through utility or power lines connecting the poles of public services 116, 118 and 120. To transmit the signal, the radio source and / or coupler 106 converts the signal upwards (for example, by frequency mixing) from the base station device 104 or otherwise converts the signal from the base station device 104 to a millimeter or microwave waveband signal that has at least one carrier frequency in the millimeter or microwave wave frequency band. The dielectric waveguide coupling device 106 releases a millimeter waveband wave that propagates as a guided wave (eg, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) that travels along the utility line or other cable At the utility pole 118, another transmission device, such as the dielectric waveguide coupling device 108, receives the guided wave (and can optionally amplify it as required or desired or can operate as a digital repeater to receive and regenerate it) and send it forward as a guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) over the utility line or other cable. The dielectric waveguide coupling device 108 can also extract a signal from the guided wave of the millimeter wave band and can shift it down in frequency or otherwise convert it to its original cell band frequency (e.g. 1.9 GHz or another defined cellular frequency) or another frequency of cellular (or non-cellular) band. An antenna 112 can transmit (for example, can transmit wirelessly) the signal shifted down to the mobile device 122. The process can be repeated by another transmission device, such as the dielectric waveguide coupling device 110, the antenna 114 and mobile device 124, as necessary or desirable.
<img file="MX364592B_D0002.tif" />
Transmissions from mobile devices 122 and 124 can also be received by antennas 112 and 114 respectively. The repeaters in the dielectric waveguide coupling devices 108 and 110 can shift up or otherwise convert the cell band signals into a millimeter or microwave waveband and can transmit the signals as guided wave transmissions (for example , surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) on the power lines to the base station device 104.
In an exemplary embodiment, the system 100 may employ diversity paths, where two or more utility lines or other cables are threaded between the utility poles 116, 118 and 120 (for example, two or more wires between the poles 116 and 120) and redundant transmissions from base station 104 are transmitted as guided waves down the surface of utility lines or other cables. Public utility lines or other cables can be isolated or non-isolated, and depending on the environmental conditions that cause transmission losses, coupling devices can selectively receive signals from isolated or non-isolated public service lines or other cables. The selection can be based on measurements of the signal to ratio<sup>-</sup>noise of the cables, or based on the determined climatic / environmental conditions (for example, humidity detectors, weather forecasts, etc.). The use of diversity paths with the system 100 may allow for alternate routing capabilities, load balancing, increased load handling, simultaneous two-way or synchronized communications, scattered spectrum communications, etc. (See figure 8 for more illustrative details).
It is noted that the use of the dielectric waveguide coupling devices 106, 108 and 110 in Figure 1 are by way of example only, and that in other embodiments other uses are possible. For example, dielectric waveguide coupling devices can be used in a backward communication system, providing network connectivity to base station devices. Dielectric waveguide coupling devices can be used in many circumstances where it is desirable to transmit guided wave communications over a cable, whether isolated or non-isolated. Dielectric waveguide coupling devices are improvements over other coupling devices because there is no contact or there is limited physical and / or electrical contact with cables that can carry high voltages. With dielectric waveguide coupling devices, the apparatus can be located away from the cable (for example, separated from the cable) and / or located on the cable as long as it is not electrically in contact with the cable since the dielectric acts as an insulator, allowing an economical, simple and / or less complex installation. However, as previously observed, conductive or non-dielectric couplers can be used, particularly in configurations where the cables correspond to a telephone network, cable television network, broadband data services, fiber optic communications system or other network that uses low voltages or that has isolated transmission lines.
Furthermore, it is noted that although the base station device 104 and the macrocell site 102 are illustrated in an exemplary mode, other network configurations are also possible. For example, devices such as access points or other wireless doors can be used in a similar way to extend the reach of other networks such as a wireless local area network, a wireless personal area network or other wireless network that operates accordingly. with a communication protocol such as an 802.11 protocol, WIMAX protocol, Ultra Wide Band protocol, Bluetooth protocol, Zigbee protocol or other wireless protocol.
Turning now to Figure 2, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a dielectric waveguide coupling system 200 is illustrated in accordance with various aspects described herein. The system 200 comprises a dielectric waveguide 204 having a wave 206 that propagates as a guided wave around a waveguide surface of the dielectric waveguide 204. In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 204 is curved, and at least a portion of the dielectric waveguide 204 can be placed near a wire 202 to facilitate coupling between the dielectric waveguide 204 and the wire 202, as described here. The dielectric waveguide 204 may be positioned such that a portion of the curved dielectric waveguide 204 is parallel or substantially parallel to the wire 202. The portion of the dielectric waveguide 204 that is parallel to the cable may be an apex of the curve, or any point where a tangent of the curve is parallel to the wire 202. When the dielectric waveguide 204 is placed or positioned therefrom. Thus, the wave 206 that travels along the dielectric waveguide 204 engages, at least in part, the wire 202, and propagates as the guided wave 208 around the surface of the wire 202 and longitudinally along the wire 202. The guided wave 208 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave, although other types of guided waves 208 can also be supported without departing from the exemplary modalities. A portion of the wave 206 that does not engage the cable 202 is propagated as the wave 210 along the dielectric waveguide 204. It will be appreciated that the dielectric waveguide 204 can be configured and accommodated in a variety of positions relative to cable 202 to achieve a desired level of coupling or non-coupling of wave 206 to cable 202. For example, the curvature and / or length of the dielectric waveguide 204 that is parallel or substantially parallel, as well as its separation distance (which may include a zero separation distance in an exemplary embodiment), to the cable 202 may be modified without departing from exemplary modalities. Similarly, the arrangement of the dielectric waveguide 204 in relation to the cable 202 can be modified based on considerations of the respective intrinsic characteristics (eg, thickness, composition, electromagnetic properties, etc.) of the wire 202 and the guide of the dielectric wave 204 as well as the characteristics (for example, frequency, energy level, etc.) of the waves 206 and 208.
Guided wave 208 propagates in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to cable 202, even as cable 202 bends and flexes. The bends in the cable 202 can increase transmission losses, which also depend on the cable diameters, frequency and materials. If the dimensions of the dielectric waveguide 204 are chosen for efficient power transfer, most of the power in wave 206 is transferred to cable 202, with little power remaining in wave 210. It will be appreciated that the guided wave 208 can remain multi-modal in nature (analyzed here), including having modes that are non-fundamental or asymmetric, while traveling along a path that is parallel or substantially parallel to the cable 202, with or without a fundamental transmission mode. In an exemplary mode, non-fundamental or asymmetric modes can be used to minimize transmission losses and / or obtain increased propagation distances.
It is noted that the parallel term is generally a geometric construction that often cannot be achieved accurately in real systems. Therefore, the parallel term, as used in the disclosure of the subject matter, represents an approximation rather than an exact configuration when used to describe modalities disclosed in the disclosure of the subject matter. In an exemplary, substantially parallel embodiment, it can include approximations that are within 30 degrees of the actual parallel in all dimensions.
In an exemplary mode, wave 206 may show one or more wave propagation modes. The dielectric waveguide modes may depend on the shape and / or design of the dielectric waveguide 204. One or more dielectric waveguide modes of the wave 206 may generate, influence or impact one or more propagation modes of wave of the guided wave 208 that propagates along the wire 202. In an exemplary embodiment, the wave propagation modes on the wire 202 may be similar to the dielectric waveguide modes because both waves 206 and 208 propagate around the outside of the dielectric waveguide 204 and the wire 202 respectively. In some embodiments, as wave 206 couples cable 202, the modes may change shape due to the coupling between dielectric waveguide 204 and cable 202. For example, differences in size, material and / or impedances of the dielectric waveguide 204 and the cable 202 may create additional modes not present in the dielectric waveguide modes and / or may suppress some of the waveguide modes. dielectric The wave propagation modes may comprise the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode (Almost-TEMoo), where only small electric and / or magnetic fields extend in the direction of propagation, and the magnetic electric fields extend radially outward while the wave Guided propagates along the can have a dielectric electromagnetic 204 or form the cable wire exist. This donut, within mode where the guided wave few waveguide fields comprise a mode extend modes not superior, radially
202. Waves 206 and
Fundamental TEM where
208 They can fields be out, and also comprise other fundamentals (for example, asymmetric, level etc.). Although particular guided wave propagation modes were analyzed, from transverse wave propagation (TE) modes the dielectric frequencies
202, well isolation
204, as and magnetic equally are possible others such as transverse electric (TM) modes, based on used, the waveguide design its optional, dimensions and characteristics the composition properties of the surface cable, electromagnetic its of the surrounding environment, etc. It should be noted that, depending on the frequency, the electrical and physical characteristics of the cable
202 and the particular wave propagation modes that are generated, the guided wave 208 can be moved along the conductive surface of a cable
<img file="MX364592B_D0003.tif" />
rusty non-insulated, a non-rusted non-insulated cable, an insulated cable and / or along the insulating surface of an insulated cable
In an exemplary embodiment, a diameter of the dielectric waveguide 204 is smaller than the diameter of the wire 202. For the millimeter or microwave band wavelength being used, the dielectric waveguide 204 supports a guiding mode. single wave that constitutes wave 206. This single waveguide mode can change as it is coupled to cable 202 as surface wave 208. If the dielectric waveguide 204 is larger, then more than one waveguide mode can be supported, but these additional waveguide modes may not be coupled to the cable 202 so efficiently, and losses may result. Top coupling. However, in some alternative embodiments, the diameter of the dielectric waveguide 204 may be equal to or larger than the diameter of the wire 202, for example, in the case where higher coupling losses are desirable or when used in conjunction with other techniques to otherwise reduce coupling losses (eg impedance matching with taper, etc.).
In an exemplary embodiment, the wavelength of waves 206 and 208 are comparable in size, or smaller than
6 a circumference of the dielectric waveguide 204 and the cable 202. In one example, if the cable 202 has a diameter of 0.5 cm, and a corresponding circumference of approximately 1.5 cm, the transmission wavelength is approximately 1.5 cm or less, corresponding to a frequency of 2 GHz or greater. In another embodiment, a convenient frequency of the transmission and the carrier wave signal is in the range of 30-100 GHz, probably around 30-60 GHz, and around 38 GHz in one example. In an exemplary embodiment, when the circumferences of the dielectric waveguide 204 and the cable 202 are comparable in size to, or greater than a transmission wavelength, waves 206 and 208 can show multiple wave propagation modes including fundamental and / or non-fundamental modes (symmetric and / or asymmetric) that propagate over sufficient distances to support various communication systems described herein. The waves 206 and 208 can then comprise more than one type of electric and magnetic field configuration. In an exemplary embodiment, as the guided wave 208 propagates down the wire 202, the electric and magnetic field configurations will remain the same end to end of the wire 202. In other embodiments, as the guided wave 208 encounters interference or loses energy due to transmission losses, the electric and magnetic field configurations may change as the guided wave 208 propagates down the cable 202.
In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 204 may be composed of nylon, Teflon, polyethylene, a polyamide or other plastics. In other embodiments, other dielectric materials are possible. The surface of the cable 202 may be metallic with either a bare metal surface, or it may be insulated using plastic, dielectric, insulator or other coating. In an exemplary embodiment, a dielectric or otherwise non-conductive / insulated waveguide can be paired with a bare / metallic wire or insulated wire. In other embodiments, a metallic and / or conductive waveguide can be paired with a bare / metallic cable or insulated cable. In an exemplary embodiment, an oxidation layer on the bare metal surface of the wire 202 (for example, resulting from exposure of the bare metal surface to oxygen / air) can also provide insulation or dielectric properties similar to those provided by some insulators or coatings.
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 206, 208 and 210 are presented simply to illustrate the principles that wave 206 induces or otherwise launches a guided wave 208 on a cable 202 that operates, for example, as a line of single cable transmission. Wave 210 represents the portion of wave 206 that remains in dielectric waveguide 204 after generation of guided wave 208. The actual electric and magnetic fields generated as a result of said wave propagation may vary depending on the frequencies employed, the particular wave propagation mode or modes, the design of the dielectric waveguide 204, the dimensions and composition of the wire 202 , as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
It is noted that the dielectric waveguide 204 may include a termination or damper circuit 214 at the end of the dielectric waveguide 204 that can absorb radiation or surplus energy from wave 210. The termination or damper circuit 214 can prevent and / or minimize the excess radiation of the wave 210 by reflecting it towards the transmitter circuit 212. In an exemplary embodiment, the termination circuit or damper 214 may include termination resistors, and / or other components that execute impedance matching to attenuate the reflection. In some embodiments, if the coupling efficiencies are high enough, and / or the wave 210 is small enough, it may not be necessary to use a termination or damper circuit 214. For simplicity purposes, these transmitter and termination circuits or dampers 212 and 1214 are not shown in the other figures, but in those embodiments, transmitter and termination circuits or dampers may possibly be used.
In addition, although there is a single dielectric waveform 204 that generates a single guided wave 208, multiple dielectric waveguides 204 placed at different points along the cable 202 and / or at different axial orientations around the cable can be used. generate and receive multiple guided waves 208 at the same or different frequencies, at the same or different phases, and / or in the same or different wave propagation modes. The guided wave or waves 208 can be modulated to transmit data through a modulation technique such as phase shift, frequency phase shift, quadrature amplitude modulation, amplitude modulation, multi-carrier modulation and through multiple access techniques such as frequency division multiplexing, time division multiplexing, code division multiplexing, multiplexing through different wave propagation modes and through other strategies
0 of modulation and access.
Turning now to Figure 3, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a dielectric waveguide coupling system 300 is illustrated in accordance with various aspects described herein. The system 300 implements a coupler comprising a dielectric waveguide 304 and a cable 302 having a wave 306 that propagates as a guided wave around a surface of the cable 302. In an exemplary embodiment, wave 306 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave.
In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 304 is curved or otherwise has a curvature, and can be placed near a cable 302 so that a portion of the curved dielectric waveguide 304 is parallel or substantially parallel to the cable 302. The portion of the dielectric waveguide 304 that is parallel to the cable may be an apex of the curve, or any point where a tangent of the curve is parallel to the cable 302. When the dielectric waveguide 304 is near the cable, the guided wave 306 that travels along the cable 302 can couple the dielectric waveguide 304 and can be propagated as the guided wave 308 around the dielectric waveguide 304 A portion of the guided wave 306 that does not couple the dielectric waveguide 304 propagates as the guided wave 310 (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) along the cable 302.
Guided waves 306 and 308 remain parallel to cable 302 and dielectric waveguide 304, respectively, even as cable 302 and dielectric waveguide 304 bend and flex. Folds can increase transmission losses, which also depend on cable diameters, frequency and materials. If the dimensions of the dielectric waveguide 304 are chosen for efficient power transfer, the majority of the energy in the guided wave 306 is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 and little remains in the guided wave 310.
In an exemplary embodiment, a receiver circuit may be placed at the end of the dielectric waveguide 304 to receive wave 308. A termination circuit may be placed at the opposite end of the dielectric waveguide 304 to receive guided waves. that move in the opposite direction to the guided wave 306 that couple the
<td>guide</td><td>from</td><td>dielectric wave 304.</td><td>The</td><td>circuit</td><td>from</td><td>termination</td>
<td colspan="2">so</td><td colspan="2">could avoid and / or reduce</td><td>to the minimum</td><td>the</td><td>reflections</td>
<td>gue</td><td colspan="2">are being received by</td><td>the</td><td>circuit</td><td>from</td><td>receiver. Yes</td>
<td>the</td><td colspan="2">reflections are small,</td><td>the</td><td>circuit</td><td>from</td><td>termination</td>
It may not be necessary.
It is noted that dielectric waveguide 304 can be configured so that the selected polarizations of surface wave 306 are coupled to dielectric waveguide 304 as guided wave 308. For example, if guided wave 306 is made of Guided waves or wave propagation modes with respective polarizations, dielectric waveguide 304 may be configured to receive one or more guided waves of selected polarizations. The guided wave 308 that couples the dielectric waveguide 304 is then the set of guided waves corresponding to one or more of the selected polarizations, and in addition the guided wave 310 may comprise the guided waves that do not match the selected polarizations.
The dielectric waveguide 304 can be configured to receive guided waves of a particular polarization based on an angle / rotation around the cable 302 in which the dielectric waveguide 304 (the axial orientation of the coupler) and the axial pattern is placed of the field structure of the guided waves. For example, if the coupler is oriented to feed the guided waves along the horizontal access and if the guided wave 306 is polarized horizontally (i.e., the structure filled with the guided waves is concentrated on the horizontal axis), the Most of the guided wave 306 is transferred to the dielectric waveguide as wave 308. In another case, if the dielectric waveguide 304 is rotated 90 degrees around the cable 302, the majority of the energy of the guided wave 306 would remain coupled to the cable as the guided wave 310, and only a small portion would be coupled to the cable 302 like wave 308.
It is noted that waves 306, 308 and 310 are shown using three circular symbols in Figure 3 and in other figures in the specification. These symbols are used to represent a general guided wave, but do not imply that waves 306, 308 and 310 are necessarily circularly polarized or otherwise circularly oriented. In fact, waves 306, 308 and 310 may comprise a fundamental TEM mode where the fields extend radially outward, and may also comprise other non-fundamental modes (eg, higher level, etc.). These modes can be asymmetric (for example, radial, bilateral, trilateral, quadrilateral, etc.) in nature as well.
It is also observed that the guided wave communications on cables can be full duplex, allowing simultaneous communications in both directions. Waves that move in one direction can pass through 'Yes
one. »* · Waves moving in an opposite direction. Electromagnetic fields can be canceled at certain points and for short periods due to the principle of superposition as applied to waves. Waves that travel in opposite directions propagate as if the other waves were not there, but the composite effect for an observer can be a wave pattern that remains stationary. As the guided waves pass through each other and are no longer in a state of overlap, interference is eliminated. As a guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) is coupled to a waveguide and moves away from the cable, any interference caused by other guided waves (for example, surface waves or other electromagnetic waves) decreases In an exemplary embodiment, as the guided wave 306 (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) approaches dielectric waveguide 304, another guided wave (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic wave) ( not shown) that moves from left to right on cable 302 passes causing local interference. As the guided wave 306 is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 304 as the wave 308, and moves away from the cable 302, any interference caused by the passage of the guided wave is eliminated.
It is noted that the graphic representations of electromagnetic waves 306, 308 and 310 are simply presented to illustrate the principles that guided wave 306 induces or otherwise launches a wave 308 in a dielectric waveguide 304. Guided wave 310 represents the portion of the guided wave 306 that remains on the cable 302 after the generation of wave 308. The actual electric and magnetic fields generated as a result of said guided wave propagation may vary depending on one or more of the shape and / or design of the dielectric waveguide, the relative position of the dielectric waveguide to the cable, frequencies used, the design of the dielectric waveguide 304, the dimensions and composition of the cable 302, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
Turning now to Figure 4, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a dielectric waveguide coupling system 400 according to
<td>with various</td><td>aspects</td><td>here</td><td>described.</td><td>The system</td><td> 400</td>
<td>implement a</td><td>coupler</td><td>what</td><td colspan="2">comprises a guide of</td><td>wave</td>
<td>404 dielectric</td><td>what's wrong with it</td><td>a</td><td>wave 40 6 that</td><td>it spreads</td><td>how</td>
<td>a guided wave</td><td>around</td><td>from</td><td>a surface</td><td>of guide of</td><td>wave</td>
of the dielectric waveguide 404. In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 404 is curved, and one end of the dielectric waveguide 404 can be attached, clamped or otherwise mechanically coupled to a cable 402. When the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 is attached to the cable 402, the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 is parallel or substantially parallel to the cable 402. Alternatively, another portion of the dielectric waveguide beyond one end may be attached or coupled to the flat cable 402 so that the fastened or coupled portion is parallel or substantially parallel to the cable 402. The coupling device 410 may be a bundle of
<td>cable</td><td>nylon</td><td>or</td><td>another type</td><td>from</td><td colspan="2">material no</td>
<td colspan="2">conductor / dielectric</td><td>what</td><td>is separated</td><td>from</td><td colspan="2">the waveguide</td>
<td>dielectric</td><td>404 or</td><td>is</td><td>constructed</td><td>how</td><td>a</td><td>component</td>
<td>integrated of</td><td colspan="2">the guide of</td><td colspan="2">dielectric wave</td><td> 404.</td><td>In others</td>
<td>modalities,</td><td>The Guide</td><td>from</td><td colspan="2">dielectric wave</td><td> 404</td><td>can be</td>
<td>mechanically</td><td colspan="2">decoupled i</td><td>of cable 402</td><td colspan="2">leaving a</td><td>space of</td>
air between the coupler and the cable 402. The dielectric waveguide 404 may be adjacent to the cable 402 without surrounding the cable 402.
When the dielectric waveguide 404 is placed with the end parallel to the cable 402, the guided wave 406 that travels along the dielectric waveguide 404 couples the cable 402, and propagates as the guided wave 408 around
<img file="MX364592B_D0004.tif" />
of the surface of the cable 402. In an exemplary embodiment, the guided wave 408 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave.
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 406 and 408 are presented simply to illustrate the principles that wave 406 induces or otherwise launches a guided wave 408 on a cable 402 that operates, for example, as a single transmission line. of cable. Actual electrical and magnetic fields generated as a result of such wave propagation may vary depending on one or more of the shape and / or design of the dielectric waveguide, the relative position of the dielectric waveguide to the cable, the frequencies employed, the design of the dielectric waveguide
404, cable dimensions and composition
402, as well as its surface characteristics, its optional insulation, the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
In an exemplary embodiment, one end of the dielectric waveguide 404 can be tapered towards the cable 402 to increase coupling efficiencies. In fact, tapering the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 can provide impedance matching with the cable 402, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure of the subject matter. For example, one end of the dielectric waveguide 404 may be gradually tapered to obtain a desired level of coupling between waves 406 and 408 as illustrated in Figure 4.
In an exemplary embodiment, the coupling device 410 may be positioned such that there is a short length of the dielectric waveguide 404 between the coupling device 410 and one end of the dielectric waveguide 404. The maximum coupling efficiencies are obtained when the length of the end of the dielectric waveguide 404 that is beyond the coupling device 410 is at least several wavelengths long for any frequency that is being transmitted, however lengths are possible shorter.
Turning now to Figure 5A, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting mode of a dielectric waveguide coupler and transceiver system 500 (collectively referred to herein as the system 500) is illustrated in accordance with various aspects described herein. System 500 comprises a transmitter / receiver device 506 that releases and receives waves (for example, guided wave 504 on dielectric waveguide 502). Guided waves 504 can be used to transport signals received from and sent to a base station 520, mobile devices 522, or a building 524 via an i * interface. - - «k * communications 501. The communications interface 501 may be an integral part of the system 500. Alternatively, the communications interface 501 may be attached to the system 500. The communications interface 501 may comprise a wireless interface for interface connection to the base station 520, mobile devices 522, or a building 524 using any of the various wireless signaling protocols (eg, LTE, WiFi, WiMAX, IEEE 802 .xx, etc.). The communication interface 501 may also comprise a wired interface such as a fiber optic line, coaxial cable, twisted pair or other wired means suitable for transmitting signals to the base station 520 or the building 524. For modes where the system 500 functions as a repeater, communications interface 501 may not be necessary.
The output signals (for example, Tx) of the communication interface 501 can be combined with a millimeter wave carrier wave generated by a local oscillator 512 in the frequency mixer 510. The frequency mixer 510 can use heterodynamic or other techniques. frequency shift techniques to change the frequency of the output signals of the communication interface 501. For example, the signals sent to and from the communications interface 501 may be modulated signals such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) signals formatted according to a wireless Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol or other voice protocol and 3G, 4G, 5G or higher wireless data, a Zigbee wireless protocol, WIMAX, Ultra Wide Band or IEEE 802.11 or other wireless protocol. In an exemplary mode, this frequency conversion can be performed in the analogous domain, and as a result, frequency offset can be performed without taking into account the type of communications protocol used by the base station 520, mobile devices 522 or 524 integrated devices. As new communication technologies are developed, the communications interface 501 can be updated or replaced and the frequency shift as well as the transmission apparatus can remain simplifying updates. The carrier wave can then be sent to a power amplifier (PA) 514 and can be transmitted through the transmitter / receiver devices 506 via the diplexer 516.
The signals received from the transmitter / receiver device 506 that are directed to the communication interface 501 can be separated from other signals to
<img file="MX364592B_D0005.tif" />
via diplexer 516. The transmission can then be sent to the low noise amplifier (LNA) 518 for amplification. A frequency mixer 521, with the help of local oscillator 512, can shift the transmission down (which is in the millimeter wave band or around 38 GHz in some modes) to the native frequency. The communication interface 501 can then receive the transmission at an input port (Rx).
In one embodiment, the transmitter / receiver device 506 may include a cylindrical or non-cylindrical metal (which, for example, may be hollow in one mode, but is not necessarily drawn to scale) or other conductive or non-conductive waveguide and one end of the dielectric waveguide 502 may be placed at or near the waveguide or the transmitter / receiver device 506 so that when the transmitter / receiver device 506 generates a transmission, the guided wave is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 and propagates as a guided wave 504 around the waveguide surface of the dielectric waveguide 502. In some embodiments, the guided wave 504 can be partly propagated over the outer surface of the dielectric waveguide 502 and partly within the dielectric waveguide 502. In other embodiments, the guided wave 504 may propagate substantially or completely on the outer surface of the dielectric waveguide 502. In still other embodiments, the guided wave 504 may propagate substantially or completely within the dielectric waveguide 502. In this latter embodiment, the guided wave 504 can radiate at one end of the dielectric waveguide 502 (such as the tapered end shown in Figure 4) for coupling to a transmission medium such as a cable 402 of the figure Four. Similarly, if the guided wave 504 is entering (coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 from a cable), the guided wave 504 then enters the transmitter / receiver device 506 and is coupled to the cylindrical waveguide or guide conductive wave Although the transmitter / receiver device 506 is shown including a separate waveguide, an antenna, cavity resonator, Klistron, magnetron, displacement wave tube or other irradiation element can be used to induce a guided wave in the guidance guide. 502 wave, without separate waveguide.
In one embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 502 can be completely constructed of a dielectric material (or other suitable insulating material), without some metallic material or otherwise conductive materials therein. The 502 dielectric waveguide may be composed of nylon, Teflon, polyethylene, a polyamide, other plastics, or
3 other materials that are non-conductive and convenient to facilitate the transmission of electromagnetic waves at least in part on an outer surface of said materials. In another embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 502 may include a core that is conductive / metallic, and may have an outer dielectric surface. Similarly, a transmission medium that is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 to propagate electromagnetic waves induced by the dielectric waveguide 502 or to deliver electromagnetic waves to the dielectric waveguide 502 can be completely constructed of a dielectric material (or other convenient insulating material), without some metallic material or otherwise conductive materials therein.
It is noted that although Figure 5A shows that the aperture of the transmitter / receiver device 506 is much wider than the dielectric waveguide 502 this is not to scale, and that in other embodiments the width of the dielectric waveguide 502 is comparable or slightly smaller than the hollow waveguide opening. They are also not shown, but in one embodiment one end of the waveguide 502 that is inserted into the transmitter / receiver device 506 is tapered downward to reduce reflection and increase coupling efficiencies.
The transmitter / receiver device
506 it can be communicatively coupled to a communication interface 501, and alternatively, the transmitter / receiver device
506 It can also be communicatively coupled to one or more distributed antennas 112 and 114 shown in Figure 1. In other embodiments, the transmitter / receiver device 506 may comprise part of a repeater system for a backhaul network.
Prior to coupling to the dielectric waveguide 502, one or more waveguide modes of the guided wave generated by the transmitter / receiver device 506 can be coupled to the dielectric waveguide 502 to induce one or more propagation modes wave of the guided wave 504. The wave propagation modes of the guided wave 504 may be different from the hollow metal waveguide modes due to the different characteristics of the hollow metal waveguide and the dielectric waveguide. For example, the wave propagation modes of the guide wave 504 may comprise the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode (Near-TEMoo), where only small electric and / or magnetic fields extend in the direction of propagation, and the electric and magnetic fields they extend radially outward from the dielectric waveguide 502 while the guided waves propagate along the dielectric waveguide 502. The wave propagation mode of the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode may not exist within a hollow waveguide. Therefore, the hollow metal waveguide modes that are used by the transmitter / receiver device 506 are waveguide modes that can be effectively and efficiently coupled to the wave propagation modes of the waveguide. 502 dielectric wave.
It will be appreciated that another transmitter / receiver is possible
506 and the 502 dielectric waveguide. For example, a dielectric waveguide
502 'can be placed tangentially or in parallel (with or without an interval) with respect to an outer surface of the hollow metal waveguide of the transmitter / receiver device
506 '(corresponding circuit reference 500' shows by modality, not shown by the
502 'can be placed inside reference 500', not shown) of the figure
<td>such</td><td>how</td>
<td>5B.</td><td>In c</td>
<td>the</td><td>guide c</td>
<td>b the</td><td>guide</td>
The hollow metal wave dielectric wave of the transmitter / receiver device 506 'without an axis of the 502' dielectric waveguide is coaxially aligned with an axis of the hollow metal waveguide of the transmitter / receiver device 506 ' . In any of these modalities, the guided wave generated by the transmitter / receiver device 506 'can be coupled to a surface' i
V of the dielectric waveguide 502 'to induce one or more wave propagation modes of the guided wave in the dielectric waveguide 502' including a fundamental mode (eg, a symmetric mode) and / or a non-fundamental mode (for example, asymmetric mode).
In one embodiment, the wave partly on the dielectric surface 502 'and partly dielectric 502'. In another it can propagate substantial exterior of the guide of dielectric substantial modalities
504 'can guided dielectric 504' outside from within it can be guided by modality, the guided wave propagate from wave wave or completely on the surface dielectric wave 502 '. In still others, the guided wave 504 'is or completely within the
502 '. In irradiate such as a cable 402
In addition, constructions of the latter modality are constructed, at one end of the as the tapered end coupling to a means of Figure 4.
you will appreciate that they are device
For example, a waveguide can propagate waveguide the waveguide guided waveguide shown transmission possible other transmitter / receiver 506.
Hollow metal of a transmitter / receiver device
506 '' (corresponding circuitry not shown), shown in Figure 5B as reference 500 '', can be placed tangentially or
<img file="MX364592B_D0006.tif" />
in parallel (with or without an interval) with respect to an outer surface of a transmission medium such as the cable 402 of Figure 4 without the use of the dielectric waveguide 502. In this mode, the guided wave generated by the transmitter / receiver device 506 '' can be coupled to a surface of the cable 402 to induce one or more wave propagation modes of a guided wave 408 in the cable 402 including a fundamental mode (for example, a symmetric mode) and / or a non-fundamental mode (for example, asymmetric mode). In another embodiment, the cable 402 can be placed within a hollow metal waveguide of a transmitter / receiver device 506 '' (corresponding circuitry not shown) so that an axis of the cable 402 is coaxially (or not coaxially) aligned with an axis of the hollow metal waveguide without the use of the 502 dielectric waveguide, see figure 5B, reference 500 '' '. In this mode, the guided wave generated by the transmitter / receiver device 506 '' 'can be coupled to a surface of the cable 402 to induce one or more wave propagation modes of a guided wave 408 in the cable including a fundamental mode (for example, a symmetric mode) and / or a non-fundamental mode (for example, asymmetric mode).
In the 500 '' and 500 '' modes, the guided wave 408 can be propagated partly on the outer surface of the cable 402 and partly inside the cable 402. In another embodiment, the guided wave 408 can propagate substantially or completely on the outer surface of the cable 402. The cable 402 can be a bare conductor or a conductor with an insulated outer surface.
Turning now to Figure 6, a block diagram is illustrated showing an exemplary non-limiting mode of a dual dielectric waveguide coupling system 600 in accordance with various aspects described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, a coupling module is shown with two or more dielectric waveguides (for example, 604 and 606) placed around a cable 602 to receive the guided wave 608. In an exemplary embodiment, guided wave 608 can be characterized as a surface wave or other electromagnetic wave. In an exemplary embodiment, a dielectric waveguide is sufficient to receive the guided wave 608. In that case, the guided wave 608 is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 604 and propagated as the guided wave 610. If the field structure of the guided wave 608 oscillates or undulates around the cable 602 due to various external factors, then the dielectric waveguide 606 can be positioned such that the guided wave 608 couples the dielectric waveguide 606. In some embodiments, four or more dielectric waveguides may be placed around a portion of the cable 602, for example, at 90 degrees or other separation from each other, to receive guided waves that can oscillate or rotate around the cable 602, that have been induced to different axial orientations or that have higher or non-fundamental modes of order that, for example, have lobes and / or nulls or other asymmetries that depend on the orientation. However, it will be appreciated that there may be less than four or more than four dielectric wave cysts placed around a portion of the cable 602 without departing from the exemplary modalities. It will also be appreciated that although some exemplary embodiments have presented a plurality of dielectric waveguides around at least a portion of a cable 602, this plurality of dielectric waveguides can also be considered as part of a single dielectric waveguide system It has multiple subcomponents of dielectric waveguide. For example, two or more dielectric guides can be manufactured as a single system that can be installed around a cable in a single installation so that the dielectric waveguides are previously placed or adjustable relative to each other (either manually or automatic) according to the simple system. The receivers coupled to the dielectric waveguides 606 and 604 can use diversity combination to combine signals received from both dielectric waveguides 606 and 604 to maximize the signal quality. In other embodiments, if one or the other of a dielectric waveguide 604 and 606 receives a transmission that is above a predetermined threshold, the receivers can use select diversity when deciding which signal to use.
It is noted that the graphical representations of waves 608 and 610 are presented simply to illustrate the principles that guided wave 608 induces or otherwise launches a wave 610 in a dielectric waveguide 604. The actual electric and magnetic fields generated as a result of said wave propagation may vary depending on the frequencies used, the design of the dielectric waveguide 604, the dimensions and composition of the cable 602, as well as its surface characteristics, its Optional insulation, electromagnetic properties of the surrounding environment, etc.
Turning now to Figure 7, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a bidirectional dielectric waveguide coupling system 700 is illustrated in accordance with various aspects described herein. Said system 700 implements a transmission device with a coupling module that includes two dielectric waveguides 704 and 714 that can be placed near a cable 7 02 so that the guided waves (for example, surface wave or other electromagnetic waves ) that propagate along cable 702 are coupled to dielectric waveguide 704 as wave 706, and then they are potentialized or repeated by the repeater device 710 and launched as a guided wave 716 on the dielectric waveguide 714. The guided wave 716 can then be coupled to the cable 702 and can continue to propagate along the cable 702. In an exemplary embodiment, the repeater device 710 can receive at least a portion of the power used for enhancement or repetition through the magnetic coupling with the cable 702, which can be a power line.
In some embodiments, the repeater device 710 may repeat the transmission associated with wave 706, and in other embodiments, the repeater device 710 may be associated with a distributed antenna system and / or a base station device located near the device. Repeater 710. The receiving waveguide 708 can receive wave 706 from the dielectric waveguide 704 and the transmitting waveguide 712 can launch the guided wave 716 onto the dielectric waveguide 714. Between the receiver waveguide 708 and the transmitter waveguide 712, the signal can be amplified to correct the signal loss and other inefficiencies associated with the guided wave communications or the signal can be received and processed to extract the data contained therein. and can be regenerated for transmission. In an exemplary embodiment, a signal may be extracted from the transmission and may be processed and otherwise transmitted to nearby mobile devices through the distributed antennas communicatively coupled to the repeater device 710. Similarly, the signals and / or communications received by the distributed antennas can be inserted into the transmission that is generated and launched on the dielectric waveguide 714 by the transmitter waveguide 712. Accordingly, the repeater system 700 shown in Figure 7 may be comparable in function to the dielectric waveguide coupling device 108 and 110 in Figure 1.
It is noted that although Figure 7 shows guided wave transmissions 706 and 716 entering from the left and leaving to the right respectively, this is simply a simplification and is not intended as a limitation. In other embodiments, the receiver waveguide 708 and the transmitter waveguide 712 can also function as transmitters and receivers respectively, allowing the repeater device 710 to be bidirectional.
In an exemplary embodiment, the repeater device 710 may be placed in locations where there are discontinuities or obstacles in the cable 702. These obstacles may include transformers, connections, utility poles and other power line devices of this type. The repeater device 710 can help guided waves (for example, surface) to jump over these obstacles in the line and potentiate the transmission power at the same time. In other embodiments, a dielectric waveguide can be used to jump over the obstacle without the use of a repeater device. In that mode, both ends of the dielectric waveguide can be attached or attached to the cable, thus providing a path in which the guided wave travels without being blocked by the obstacle.
Turning now to Figure 8, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting mode of a bidirectional dielectric waveguide coupler 800 is illustrated in accordance with various aspects described herein. The bidirectional dielectric waveguide coupler 800 implements a transmission device with a coupling module that can employ diversity paths in the case where two or more cables are twisted between utility poles. Because guided wave transmissions have different transmission efficiencies and coupling efficiencies for insulated and non-insulated cables based on weather, precipitation and atmospheric conditions, it may be convenient to selectively transmit on any of an insulated cable. or cable not insulated at certain times.
In the mode shown in Figure 8, the repeater device uses a receiver waveguide 808 to receive a guided wave that travels along the non-insulated cable 802 and repeats the transmission using the transmitter waveguide 810 as a wave guided along the insulated cable 804. In other embodiments, the repeater device can switch from the insulated cable 804 to the non-insulated cable 802, or it can repeat the transmissions along the same paths. The repeater device 806 may include sensors, or may be in communication with sensors that indicate conditions that may affect transmission. Based on the feedback received from the sensors, the repeater device 806 can make the determination as to whether it maintains the transmission along the same cable, or if it transfers the transmission to the other cable.
Turning now to Figure 9, a block diagram is illustrated comprising an exemplary non-limiting mode of a two-way repeater system 900. The two-way repeater system 900 implements a transmission device with a coupling module that includes coupling devices of Waveguide 902 and 904 that receive and transmit transmissions from other coupling devices located in a distributed antenna system or recoil system.
In various embodiments, the waveguide coupling device 902 can receive a transmission from another waveguide coupling device, wherein the transmission has a plurality of subcarriers. The diplexer 906 can separate the transmission from other transmissions, for example by filtration, and can direct the transmission to the low noise amplifier (LNA) 908. A frequency mixer 928, with the help of a local oscillator 912, can shift down the transmission (which is in the millimeter wave band or approximately 38 GHz in some modes) to a lower frequency, whether it is a cellular band (~ 1.9 GHz) for a distributed antenna system, a native frequency or another frequency for a recoil system. An extractor 932 can extract the signal on the subcarrier that corresponds to the antenna or other output component 922 and can direct the signal to the output component
922 For signals that are not being extracted at this antenna location, the extractor 932 can redirect them to another frequency mixer 936, where the signals are used to modulate a carrier wave generated by the local oscillator 914. The carrier wave, with its subcarriers , is directed to a power amplifier (PA) 916 and is retransmitted by the waveguide coupling device 904 to another repeater system, through the diplexer 920.
In the output device 922, a PA 924 can boost the signal for transmission to the mobile device. An LNA 926 can be used to amplify weak signals that are received from the mobile device and then can send the signal to a multiplexer 934 which merges the signal with signals that have been received from the waveguide coupling device 904. The output device 922 can be coupled to an antenna in a distributed antenna system or other antenna through, for example, a diplexer, duplexer or a transmission / reception switch that is not specifically shown. The signals received from the coupling device 904 have been divided by the diplexer 920, and then passed through the LNA 918, and shifted down in frequency by the frequency mixer 938. When the signals are combined by the multiplexer
934, these are moved up in frequency by the frequency mixer
930, and then driven by the
PA 910, and another repeater transmitted by the waveguide coupling device transmitted back to the launcher
902 In an exemplary embodiment, the bidirectional repeater system 900 can only be a repeater without the antenna / output device
922 It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, a bidirectional repeater system
900 It could also be implemented using two separate unidirectional repeaters.
In an alternative embodiment, a bidirectional repeater system 900 could also be an enhancer or otherwise could perform retransmissions without downward and upward displacement.
In fact, in an exemplary mode, retransmissions can be based on the reception of a guided signal or wave and on the execution of certain processing or resizing, filtering and / or amplification of the guided signal or wave, prior to the signal retransmission or guided wave.
Figure 10 illustrates a process in connection with the aforementioned systems. The process in Figure 10 can be implemented for example by systems 100, 200, 300,
400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 that are illustrated in fiquras
1-9 respectively. Although for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methods are shown and described as a series of blocks, it will be understood and appreciated that the subject matter disclosed is not limited by the order of the blocks, since some blocks may occur in different orders. and / or simultaneously with other blocks of what has been shown and described here. In addition, not all illustrated blocks may be required to implement the methods described hereafter.
Figure 10 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary non-limiting mode of a method for transmitting a transmission with a dielectric waveguide coupler as described herein. Method 1000 may begin at 1002 where a first electromagnetic wave is emitted by a transmission device that is propagated at least in parts on a waveguide surface of a waveguide, where the waveguide surface of the guide Wave does not completely or partially surround a surface of a cable. The transmission that is generated by a transmitter can be based on a signal received from a base station device, access point, network or a mobile device.
In 1004, based on the waveguide configuration near the cable, the guided wave then couples at least a portion of the first electromagnetic wave to a surface
<img file="MX364592B_D0007.tif" />
X of the cable, forming a second electromagnetic wave (for example, a surface wave) that propagates at least partially around the surface of the cable, where the cable is close to the waveguide. This can be done in response to the positioning of a portion of the dielectric waveguide (for example, a tangent of a dielectric waveguide curve) near and parallel to the cable, where a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is smaller than a circumference of the cable and the dielectric waveguide.
The guided wave, surface wave, remains parallel to the cable even as the cable bends and flexes. Folds can increase transmission losses, which also depend on cable diameters, frequency and materials. The coupling interface between the cable and the waveguide can also be configured to achieve the desired level of coupling, as described herein, which may include tapering one end of the waveguide to improve impedance matching. between the waveguide and the cable.
The transmission that is emitted by the transmitter can show one or more waveguide modes. Waveguide modes may depend on the shape and / or design of the waveguide. The propagation modes in the cable may be different from the waveguide modes due to the different characteristics of the waveguide and the cable.
When the cable circumference is comparable in size with, or greater than a transmission wavelength, the guided wave shows multiple modes of wave propagation.
The guided wave can then comprise more than one type of electric and magnetic field configuration. As the guided wave (for example, surface wave) propagates down the cable, the magnetic electric field configurations may remain substantially the same from end to end of the cable or may vary as the transmission passes through the wave by rotation , dispersion, attenuation or other effects.
Referring now to Figure 11, the block diagram of a computing environment illustrates an agreement with various aspects described herein. To provide additional context for various modalities described herein, Figure 11 and the following analysis are intended to provide a brief general description of a convenient computing environment 1100 in which the various modalities described herein can be implemented. Although the modalities have been described before in the general context of the computer executable instructions that can run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art
<img file="MX364592B_D0008.tif" />
recognize that the modalities can also be implemented in combination with other program modules and / or as a combination of hardware and software.
Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that execute particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, mini computers, server computers, as well as personal computers, portable computing devices, programmable or microprocessor-based consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
The terms first, second, third, and so on, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, are for clarity only and in no way indicate or imply any order in time. For example, a first determination, a second determination, and a third determination, do not indicate or imply that the first determination will be executed before the second determination, or vice versa etc.
The modalities illustrated here can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are executed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communication network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on memory storage devices, local and remote.
Computing devices typically comprise a variety of media, which may comprise computer readable storage media and / or communications media, where the two terms are used here differently from one another as indicated below. Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed through the computer and comprise both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storing information such as computer readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data.
Computer readable storage media may comprise, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology , compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, Magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and / or non-transient media that can be used to store desired information. In this sense, the terms tangible or non-transitory as they apply for storage, memory or computer-readable media, it will be understood that they exclude only transient propagation signals properly as modifiers and do not waive the rights of all standard storage, memory or computer readable media that are not only transient propagation signals themselves.
Computer readable storage media can be accessed through one or more local or remote computing devices, for example, through access requests, queries or other data recovery protocols, for a variety of operations with regarding the information stored by the medium.
Media typically incorporates
<img file="MX364592B_D0009.tif" />
computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, for example, a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and comprise any means of delivery or information transport. The term "modulated data signal" or "signals" refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics established or changed in a way to encode information into one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, the communication means comprise wired media, such as a wired network or direct wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
With reference again to Figure 11, the exemplary environment 1100 for transmitting and receiving signals through the base station (for example, base station devices 104 and 508) and repeater devices (for example, repeater devices 710, 806 and 900) comprises a computer 1102, computer 1102 comprising one or processing unit 1104, a system memory 1106 and a system bus 1108. System bus 1108 couples system components including, but not limited to, system memory 1106 to processing unit 1104.
Processing unit
1104 It can be any of several commercially available processors.
Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures can also be used as the processing unit 1104.
System bus 1108 can be any of several types of bus structure that can be interconnected to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of architecture architectures. commercially available bus.
System memory 1106 comprises ROM 1110 and RAM 1112. A basic input / output system (BIOS) can be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, in which the BIOS contains the basic routines that help transfer information between items within the 1102 computer, such as during startup. RAM 1112 can also comprise a high speed RAM such as static RAM for data caching.
The computer 1102 further comprises an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 1114 (eg, EIDE, SATA), whose internal hard disk drive 1114 can also be configured for external use in a convenient chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1116, (for example, to read from or write to a removable floppy disk 1118) and an optical disk drive 1120 (for example, reading a CD ROM disk 1122 or, to read from or write on another high capacity optical medium such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 1114, magnetic disk drive 1116 and optical disk drive 1120 can be connected to the system bus 1108 through a hard disk drive interface 1124, a magnetic disk drive interface 1126 and a computer interface. optical unit 1128, respectively. The interface for external unit implementations comprises at least one or both of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) and interface technologies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 1394. Other external unit connection technologies are within contemplation of the modalities described here.
The units and their associated computer readable storage media provide nonvolatile data storage, data structures, computer executable instructions and so on. For computer 1102, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in a convenient digital format. Although the description of the above computer readable storage medium refers to a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic floppy disk, and a removable optical medium such as a CD or DVD, those skilled in the art should appreciate that other media Storage that are computer readable, such as zip drives, flash memory cards, cartridges can be used in the environment in addition, that any medium can contain instructions
<img file="MX364592B_D0010.tif" />
those types of by a magnetic cassettes, and similar also exemplary operative, and of this type of storage executable by computer to execute the methods described here.
A number of program modules can be stored in the units and RAM 1112, comprising an operating system 1130, one or more application programs 1132, other program modules 1134 and program data 1136. All or portions of the operating system, applications , modules and / or data can also be cached in RAM 1112. The systems and methods described herein can be implemented using various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems. Examples of application programs 1132 that can be implemented or otherwise executed through the processing unit 1104 include determining the diversity selection executed by the repeater device 806. The base station device 508 shown in Figure 5 also has stored in memory many applications and programs that can be executed by the processing unit 1104 in this exemplary computing environment 1100.
A user can enter commands and information on the computer 1102 through one or more wired / wireless input devices, for example, a keyboard 1138 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 1140. Other input devices (not shown ) may comprise a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a lever, a game cushion, a stylus pen, a touch screen or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 1104 through an input device interface 1142 that can be coupled to the system bus 1108, but can be connected through other interfaces, such as a port parallel, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, an IR interface, etc.
A monitor 1144 or other type of deployment device can also be connected to the system bus 1108 through an interface, such as a video adapter 1146. It will also be appreciated that in alternative modes, a monitor 1144 can also be any display device (for example, another computer that has a screen, a smartphone, a tablet computer, etc.) to receive display information associated with the computer. 1102 through any means of communication, including through the Internet and cloud-based networks. In addition to the monitor 1144, a computer typically comprises other peripheral output devices (not shown) such as speakers, printers, etc.
Computer 1102 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections through wired and / or wireless communications to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 1148. The remote computers 1148 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, a laptop, a microprocessor-based entertainment device, a peer device or other common network node, and typically comprises many or all the elements described in relation to the computer 1102, although for purposes of brevity, only a memory / storage device 1150 is illustrated. The logical connections shown include wired / wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1152 and / or larger networks, for example, a wide area network (WAN) 1154. Such LAN and WAN network connection environments are somewhat common in offices and companies, and facilitate business-level computer networks, such as intranets, which can be connected to a global communications network, for example, the Internet.
When used in a LAN network environment, the computer 1102 can be connected to the local network 1152 through a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 1156. The adapter 1156 can facilitate wired communication or wireless to LAN 1152, which may also comprise a wireless AP placed thereon for communication with the wireless adapter 1156.
When used in a WAN network connection environment, computer 1102 can comprise a modem 1158 or can be connected to a communications server on WAN 1154 or has other means for establishing communications on WAN 1154, such as by means of the Internet. The modem 1158, which can be internal or external and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the system bus 1108 through the input device interface 1142. In a networked environment, the program modules shown in relation to the computer 1102 or parts thereof, can be stored in the remote storage / memory device 1150. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are examples and that They can use other means to establish a communications link between computers.
Computer 1102 can operate to communicate with any wireless devices or entities operatively placed in wireless communication, for example, a printer, scanner, desktop and / or laptop, portable data assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or location associated with a wirelessly detectable label (for example, a kiosk, magazine stand, toilet), and telephone. This may include Wireless Fidelity Technologies (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH®. Therefore, the communication may be a predefined structure with respect to a conventional network or simply a purposeful communication for the occasion between at least two devices.
Wi-Fi can allow connection to the Internet from the armchair of a house, a bed in a hotel room or a conference room at work, without cables. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, for example computers, to send and receive data indoors and outdoors; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, etc.) to provide fast, secure and reliable wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). WiFi networks operate in the unauthorized 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands for example or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so that the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic wired Ethernet networks used. In many offices.
Figure 12 presents an exemplary embodiment 1200 of a mobile network platform 1210 that can implement and exploit one or more aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein. In one or more modes, the mobile network platform 1210 can generate and receive signals transmitted and received by the base stations (for example, base station devices 104 and 508) and repeater devices (for example, repeater devices 710, 806 and 900) associated with the subject matter disclosed.
Generally, wireless network platforms 1210 may comprise components, for example, nodes, gates, interfaces, servers or disparate platforms, which facilitate switched packet (PS) traffic (eg, Internet protocol (IP), frame retransmission , asynchronous transfer mode
<img file="MX364592B_D0011.tif" />
(ΑΤΜ)) and switched circuit (CS) traffic (eg voice and data) as well as the generation of control for networked wireless telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, the wireless network platform 1210 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks, and can be considered as carrier side components as discussed in another section of this document. The mobile network platform 1210 comprises CS 1212 gate nodes which can be connected in interface with CS traffic received from legacy networks such as 1240 telephone networks (eg, public switched telephone network (PSTN), or mobile network public terrestrial (PLMN)) or a signaling system network # 7 (SS7) 1260. Switched circuit gate nodes 1212 can authorize and authenticate traffic (eg, voice) that arises from such networks. Additionally, CS 1212 gate nodes may have access to mobility data, or tracking, generated through the SS7 1260 network; for example, mobility data stored in a visited location register (VLR) which may reside in memory 1230. In addition, CS 1212 gate nodes connect CS-based traffic and signaling and PS 1218 gate nodes in the interface. . As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, the CS 1212 gate nodes can be performed at least in part on gate GPRS support nodes (GGSN). It should be appreciated that the specific functionality and operation of the CS 1212 gate nodes, PS 1218 gate nodes and 1216 service nodes, are provided and dictated by the radio technologies used by the mobile network platform 1210 for telecommunication.
In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched signaling and traffic, PS 1218 gate nodes can authorize and authenticate PS-based data sessions with mobile devices receiving service. The data sessions may comprise traffic or content exchanged with networks external to the wireless network platform 1210, such as wide area networks (WANs) 1250, business networks 1270, and service networks 1280, which can be incorporated into networks of Local area (LANs), can also be connected in interface with the mobile network platform 1210 through the PS 1218 gate nodes. It will be noted that WANs 1250 and business networks 1270 can incorporate, at least in part, service networks such as IP multimedia systems (IMS). Based on the radio technology layers available in the technology resources, the 1218 switched packet gate nodes can generate packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established; Other data structures that facilitate routing of packetized data can also be generated. To that end, in one aspect, the PS 1218 gate nodes may comprise a tunnel interface (e.g., tunnel termination gate (TTG) in 3GPP UMTS networks (not shown)) which can facilitate packetized communication with disparate wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi networks.
In the 1200 mode, the wireless network platform 1210 also comprises service nodes 1216 which, based on the radio technology layers available within the technology resources, transmit the various packetized streams of data streams received through the PS 1218 gate nodes. It will be noted that for technology resources that are primarily based on CS communication, server nodes can deliver traffic without relying on PS 1218 gate nodes; for example, the server nodes may at least partly incorporate a mobile switching center. As an example, in a 3GPP UMTS network, service nodes 1216 can be incorporated into GPRS support nodes in service (SGSN).
For radio technologies that exploit packetized communication, servers 1214 on the wireless network platform 1210 can run numerous applications that can generate multiple streams or streams of disparate packetized data, and can manage (for example, - - «k * program , queue, format ...) these flows. Such applications may comprise features added to standard services (for example, provisioning, billing, customer support ...) provided by the 1210 wireless network platform. Data streams (for example, content that is part of a voice call or data session) can be transmitted to PS 1218 gate nodes for authorization / authentication and initiation of a data session, and to 1216 service nodes for subsequent communication. In addition to the application server, servers 1214 may comprise public service servers, a public service server may comprise a provisioning server, an operation and maintenance server, a security server that can at least partly implement a certificate authority and firewalls as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In one aspect, the security servers guarantee the communication provided through the wireless network platform 1210 to ensure the operation and integrity of the network data in addition to the authorization and authentication procedures that may arise from the gate nodes CS 1212 and the PS 1218 gate nodes. In addition, provisioning servers can provide services from external networks such as networks operated by a disparate service provider; for example, WAN 1250 or Global Positioning System (GPS) networks (not shown). Provisioning servers can also provide coverage through networks associated with the wireless network platform 1210 (for example, deployed and operated by the same service provider), such as the distributed antenna networks shown in Figure 1 which Improve wireless service coverage by provisioning more network coverage. Repeater devices such as those shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 also improve network coverage to improve the subscriber's service experience through the UE 1275.
It will be noted that the servers 1214 may comprise one or more processors configured to at least partially confer the functionality of the macro-network platform 1210. For that purpose, one or more processors may execute code instructions stored in memory 1230, for example . It should be appreciated that servers 1214 may comprise a content manager, which operates substantially in the same manner as described hereinbefore.
In exemplary mode 1200, memory 1230 can store information related to the operation of the wireless network platform 1210. Other operational information may include provisioning information of mobile devices that receive service through the wireless platform network 1210, subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes, for example, promotional rates, flat rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specifications consistent with telecommunications protocols for the operation of layers of disparate radio or wireless technology; and so on. The memory 1230 can also store information from at least one of the telephone networks 1240, WAN 1250, business networks 1270 or network SS7 1260. In one aspect, for example, memory 1230 can be accessed as part of a data storage component or as a remotely connected memory storage.
To provide a context for the various aspects of the subject matter disclosed, Figure 12, and the following analysis, are intended to provide a brief general description of a convenient environment in which the various aspects of the subject matter disclosed may be implemented. Although the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer executable instructions of a computer program running in a<sup>1</sup> vs w - fc * computer and / or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the subject matter disclosed can also be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules comprise routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that execute particular tasks and / or implement particular abstract data types.
Turning now to Figure 13, a diagram is presented illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a coupler according to various aspects described herein. In particular, a diagram 1300 of a coupler 1310 is presented which is implemented as part of a transmission device to launch electromagnetic waves on an outer surface of a transmission medium, such as the insulated medium voltage cable 1302 shown. The coupler 1310 includes a tapered collar 1304 that surrounds the insulated medium voltage cable 1302 (however, other conductive cables can be used). Tapered collar 1304 can be constructed of a dielectric or non-conductive material. The conductive ring 1306 also surrounds the insulated medium voltage cable 1302 in its entirety, substantially or in part creating an interval 1308 such as an air gap or other interval (whether filled with a portion of tapered collar 1304, another dielectric material or not) between the conductive ring 1306 and the insulated medium voltage cable 1302 to form a coaxial caster 1312. For example, the conductive ring 1306 can be filled or substantially filled with a dielectric material that fuses with the larger diameter end of the tapered collar 1304 that is constructed of the same dielectric material. In this way, the dielectric material within the conductive ring 1306 and the dielectric material that forms the tapered collar 1302 can be constructed from a single dielectric element. The conductive ring 1306 can be constructed of a metallic ring, a ring coated with metal or other conductive material.
In operation, the coupler 1310 receives, at an open end of the conductive ring 1306 or another structure of the coaxial launcher 1312 that is coupled to a transmitter or transceiver to launch an electromagnetic wave from a transmitter or transceiver as part of a transmission and guide device the electromagnetic wave to the tapered collar 1304. The tapered collar 1304 couples the electromagnetic wave to propagate along an outer surface of the insulated medium voltage cable 1302. Although the conductive ring 1306 is shown as being not tapered and having a particular shape, in other examples the ring Driver can taper. In addition, although the conductive ring 1306 and the tapered collar 1304 are shown as having a circular outer perimeter, similarly shapes such as ellipsoidal shapes, polygonal shapes or other shapes could be employed. The coupler 1310 can be installed on the MV 1302 cable through a splitting device that is configured with the tapered ends described above. Alternatively, the coupler 1310 can be constructed in a clam-like configuration with two or more pieces that are joined together to surround the MV 1302 cable, can be constructed of a flexible material and can have a grooved bottom that can be opened and wrapped around the MV 1302 cable for easy installation or can be configured for installation in other ways.
Turning now to Figure 14, a diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a coupler according to various aspects described herein is presented. In particular, in diagram 1400, the coupler 1310 of Figure 13 is shown again in greater detail. As shown, the coupler 1310 is coaxially aligned with the insulated medium voltage cable 1302. The conductive ring 1306 (with optional dielectric material in the interval between the metal ring and the MV 1302 cable) being like a coaxial launcher 1312 to receive and / or guide an electromagnetic wave with a selected EM mode structure
X
two (such as a TEM mode, a TE mode or a TM mode). This selected EM mode structure may be the fundamental mode only, it may include only one or more non-fundamental modes, or a combination of the fundamental mode and one or more non-fundamental modes. Tapered collar 1304 preserves the mode structure between coaxial launcher 1312 and insulated medium voltage cable 1302, to launch the electromagnetic wave over the outer surface of insulated medium voltage cable 1302 with the selected mode structure.
By selectively launching a desired EM wave mode, coupler 1310 can be used to launch EM waves at a modal scan point that improves the propagation of the electromagnetic wave along an isolated transmission medium and reduces the loss of extreme transmission. -to-extreme. In this particular mode, EM waves are partially incorporated in the insulator and partially move over the outer surface of the insulator. In this way, EM waves are lightly coupled to the insulator to allow propagation of EM waves over long distances with low propagation loss. Additional details with reference to this propagation mode, including various optional functions and features, will be analyzed in conjunction with Figures 17-19.
In a further example, by selectively launching a desired EM wave mode, coupler 1310 can be used to release EM waves that mitigate or prevent the effects of water droplets. In particular, an EM wave mode can be selected to have a local (or null) minimum in the orientation of the expected rain droplet formation while most of the electromagnetic energy is oriented at the dry points (or dryer) in The isolated line. Additional details with reference to this example, including several optional functions and features, will be analyzed in conjunction with Figures 20a and 20b.
Although the coupler 1310 is shown for use with the insulated medium voltage cable 1302, said coupler could also be used in conjunction with other transmission means including other transmission cables, other single cable transmission systems and other transmission means without cables. In particular, although Figures 13 and 14 show an insulated medium voltage cable 1302 having a circular shape and a coupler 1310 having a corresponding circular shape, this is not intended as a limitation. In other embodiments, cables and couplers may have a variety of shapes, sizes and configurations. Shapes may include, but are not limited to: ovals or other elliptical shapes, octagons, quadrilaterals, or other polygons.
4 with sharp or rounded edges, or other shapes. Additionally, in some embodiments, the transmission medium may include braided cables comprising smaller gauge cables, such as a helical, stranded, strapped wire or other coupling of individual wires in a single wire or cable tie.
Turning now to Figure 15, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a guided wave communication system 1550 is shown. In operation, a transmission device 1500 receives one or more communication signals 1510 from a network of communication or other communications device that includes data and generates guided waves 1520 to transmit the data through transmission medium 1525 to transmission device 1502. The transmission device 1502 receives the guided waves 1520 and converts them into communication signals 1512 that include the data for transmission to a communications network or other communication device. The communication network or networks may include a wireless communication network such as a mobile data network, a cellular data and voice network, a wireless local area network (e.g., Wi-Fi or an 802.xx network), a satellite communications network, a personal area network or other wireless network. The communication network or networks may include a wired communication network such as a telephone network, an Ethernet network, a local area network, a wide area network such as the Internet, a broadband access network, a network cable, a fiber optic network, or other wired network. Communication devices may include a network edge device, bridge or home gate device, a decoder, broadband modem, telephone adapter, access point, base station or other fixed communication device, a communication device mobile such as an automotive gate, laptop computer, tablet, smartphone, cell phone or other communication device.
In an exemplary embodiment, the guided wave communication system 1550 may operate in a bidirectional manner where the transmission device 1502 receives one or more communication signals 1512 from a communication network or device that includes other data and generates guided waves 1522 for transmit the other data through the transmission medium 1525 to the transmission device 1500. In this mode of operation, the transmission device 1500 receives the guided waves 1522 and converts them into communication signals 1510 that include the other data for transmission to a network or communications device.
The transmission means 1525 may include a cable or other conductor or inner portion having at least one inner portion surrounded by a dielectric material such as an insulator or other dielectric sheath, coating or other dielectric material, the dielectric material having an outer surface and a corresponding circumference. In an exemplary embodiment, transmission means 1525 operates as a single cable transmission line to guide the transmission of an electromagnetic wave. When the transmission medium 1525 is implemented as a single cable transmission system, it may include a cable. The cable can be insulated or non-insulated, and can be single braided or multi-braided (for example, interwoven). In other embodiments, the transmission medium 1525 may contain conductors of other shapes or configurations including cable ties, wires, bars, rails, pipes. In addition, the transmission means 1525 may include non-conductive materials such as dielectric pipes, bars, rails or other dielectric elements; combinations of conductors and dielectric materials, conductors without dielectric materials or other means of guided wave transmission. It should be noted that the transmission means 1525 could otherwise include any of the transmission means previously analyzed in conjunction with Figures 1-14.
According to an exemplary embodiment, guided waves 1520 and 1522 can be contrasted with radio transmissions over free space / air or conventional propagation of electrical power or signals through the conductor of a cable. In particular, guided waves 1520 and 1522 are surface waves and other electromagnetic waves that surround all or a portion of the surface of the transmission medium and propagate with low loss along the transmission medium from the transmission device 1500 to the device. of transmission 1502, and vice versa. Guided waves 1520 and 1522 may have a field structure (for example, an electromagnetic field structure) that lies principally or substantially outside the transmission medium 1525. In addition to the propagation of guided waves 1520 and 1522, the transmission medium 1525 may optionally contain one or more cables that propagate electrical power to other communication signals in a conventional manner as a part of one or more electrical circuits.
Turning now to Figure 16, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a transmission device 1500 or 1502 is shown. Transmission device 1500 or 1502 includes a communications interface (I / F) 1600, a transceiver 1610 and a coupler
1620.
<img file="MX364592B_D0012.tif" />
In an example of operation, the communication interface 1600 receives a communication signal 1510 or 1512 that includes data. In various embodiments, the communications interface 1600 may include a wireless interface to receive a wireless communication signal in accordance with a wireless standard protocol such as LTE or other voice and cellular data protocol, Wi-Fi or 802.11 protocol, WIMAX protocol, Ultra Wideband protocol, Bluetooth protocol, Zigbee protocol, direct transmission satellite (DBS) or other satellite communication protocol or other wireless protocol. In addition or in the alternative, the communications interface 1600 includes a wired interface that operates in accordance with an Ethernet protocol, Universal Serial Bus protocol (USB), a cable data service interface (DOCSIS) specification protocol, a protocol digital subscriber line (DSL), a firewall protocol (IEEE 1394), or other wired protocol. In addition to the standards-based protocols, the communications interface 1600 can operate in conjunction with another wired or wireless protocol. In addition, the communications interface 1600 may optionally operate in conjunction with a protocol stack that includes multiple protocol layers.
In an example of operation, transceiver 1610 generates an electromagnetic wave based on communication signal 1510 or 1512 to transmit the data. The electromagnetic wave has at least one carrier frequency and at least one corresponding wavelength. The carrier frequency may be within a millimeter wave frequency band of 30 GHz-300 GHz or a lower frequency band of 3 GHz-30 GHz in the microwave frequency band, but it will be appreciated that the other carrier frequencies are possible in other modalities. In one mode of operation, the transceiver 1610 simply converts up the communication signal or signals 1510 or 1512 for transmission of the electromagnetic signal in the millimeter or microwave waveband. In another mode of operation, the communications interface 1600 either converts the communication signal 1510 or 1512 into a baseband or almost baseband signal or extracts the data from the communication signal 1510 or 1512 and the transceiver 1610 modulates a high frequency carrier with the data, the baseband or almost baseband signal for transmission.
In an example of operation, the coupler 1620 couples the electromagnetic wave to the transmission medium 1525.
The coupler 1620 can be implemented through a coupler dielectric waveguide coupler 1310 or any of the other couplers and coupling devices described in conjunction with Figures 1-14. In an exemplary mode, the transmission medium
1525 It includes a cable or other inner element surrounded by a dielectric material that has an outer surface.
The dielectric material may include an insulating jacket, a dielectric coating or other dielectric material on the outer surface of the transmission means 1525. The inner portion may include a dielectric or other insulator, a conductor, air or other gas or vacuum, or one or More drivers
While the previous description has focused on the operation of the transceiver 1610 as a transmitter, the transceiver 1610 can also operate to receive electromagnetic waves that transmit other data from the simple cable transmission means through the coupler 1620 and to generate signals from communications 1510 or 1512, through the communications interface 1600 which includes the other data. Consider modalities where an additional electromagnetic wave transmits other data that also propagates along the outer surface of the dielectric material of the transmission medium 1525. The coupler 1620 can also couple this additional electromagnetic wave from the transmission means 1525 to the transceiver 1610 to reception.
Turning now to Figure 17, a diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of an electromagnetic field distribution is shown. In this embodiment, a transmission means 1525 in the air includes an inner conductor 1700 and an insulating jacket 1702 of dielectric material, which is shown in cross section. The diagram includes different gray scales that represent different electromagnetic field intensities generated by the propagation of the guided wave that has an asymmetric mode.
In particular, the distribution of the electromagnetic field corresponds to a modal scanning point that improves the propagation of the electromagnetic wave along an isolated transmission means and end-to-end transmission. In this, the EM waves are guided by means of reducing the particular mode loss, transmission 1525 to propagate along an outer surface of the transmission means, in this case, the outer surface of the insulating jacket 1702. EM waves are partially incorporated into the insulator and partially radiate on the outer surface of the insulator. In this way, EM waves are lightly coupled to the insulator to improve EM wave propagation over long distances with low propagation loss.
As shown, the guided wave has a field structure that lies principally or substantially outside the transmission means 1525 that serves to guide the wave. The regions within the 1700 conductor have little or no field. Similarly, regions within the insulating jacket 1702 have a low field strength. The majority of the intensity of the electromagnetic field is distributed in the lobes 1704 on the outer surface of the insulating jacket 17 02 and near it. The presence of an asymmetric guided wave mode is shown by the high electromagnetic field intensities at the top and bottom of the outer surface of the insulating jacket 1702, as opposed to very small field intensities on the other sides of the insulating jacket 1702
The example shown corresponds to a 38 GHz wave guided by a cable with a diameter of 1.1 cm and a dielectric insulation with a thickness of 0.36 cm. Because the electromagnetic wave is guided by the transmission means 1525 and most of the field strength is concentrated in the air outside the insulating jacket 1702 within a limited distance from the outer surface, the guided wave can propagate from Longitudinal downward form of the transmission medium 1525 with very little loss. In the example shown, this limited distance corresponds to a distance from the outer surface that is less than half of the largest cross-sectional dimension of the transmission means 1525. In this case, the largest cross-sectional dimension of the cable corresponds to the general diameter of 1.82 cm, however, this value may vary with the size and shape of the 1525 transmission medium. For example, if the transmission medium is rectangular in shape with a height of 0.3 cm and a width of 0.4 cm, the largest cross-sectional dimension would be the diagonal of 0.5 cm and the corresponding limited distance would be 0.25 cm.
In an exemplary embodiment, this particular asymmetric propagation mode is induced in the transmission medium 1525 by an electromagnetic wave that has a frequency that falls within a limited range (such as Fe at Fc + 25%) of the lower trimming frequency. Faith in the asymmetric mode, that is, the lowest frequency that can be supported by a particular asymmetric or fundamental mode. For modalities
<td>how I know</td><td>show</td><td colspan="2">that include a</td><td colspan="2">driver</td><td>interior 1</td><td> 700</td>
<td>surrounded</td><td>by a</td><td>shirt</td><td>insulating</td><td> 1702,</td><td>is</td><td>frequency</td><td>from</td>
<td>cutout</td><td colspan="2">may vary</td><td>with base</td><td>in</td><td>the</td><td>dimensions</td><td>Y</td>
<td colspan="2">properties of the</td><td>shirt</td><td>insulating</td><td> 1702</td><td colspan="2">and potentially</td><td>the</td>
dimensions and properties of the inner conductor 1700 and can be determined experimentally to have a pattern of desired mode. However, it should be noted that similar effects can be found for a hollow insulator or dielectric without an inner conductor. In this case, the trimming frequency may vary based on the dimensions and properties of hollow dielectric or insulator.
At frequencies below the lower trimming frequency, the asymmetric mode is difficult to induce in the transmission medium 1525 and does not propagate for all distances except for trivial distances. As the frequency increases above the limited range of frequencies around the cutoff frequency, the asymmetric mode changes more and more into the jacket
<td>insulating</td><td> 1702.</td><td colspan="2">At frequencies a lot</td><td>bigger than</td><td>the</td>
<td>frequency</td><td>from</td><td>cutout,</td><td>The intensity</td><td>from the field no longer</td><td>I know</td>
<td>concentrates</td><td>outside</td><td>of the</td><td>insulating shirt</td><td colspan="2">but mainly</td>
<td>within</td><td>the</td><td>shirt</td><td>1702 insulator.</td><td>Although the middle</td><td>from</td>
Transmission 1525 provides a strong guide to the electromagnetic wave and propagation is still possible, the ranges are more limited by increased losses due to the propagation within the insulating jacket 1702, as opposed to the surrounding air.
Turning now to Figure 18, a diagram illustrating exemplary non-limiting modalities of the various electromagnetic field distributions is shown. In particular, a cross-sectional diagram 1800, similar to Figure 17 is shown with common reference numbers used to refer to similar elements. The example shown in cross section 1800 corresponds to a 60 GHz wave guided by a cable with a diameter of 1.1 cm and a dielectric insulation of thickness of 0.36 cm. Because the wave frequency is above the limited range of the trimming frequency, the asymmetric mode has shifted inward of the insulating jacket 1702. In particular, the field strength is mainly concentrated within the insulating jacket 1702. While the transmission medium 1525 provides a strong guide to the electromagnetic wave and propagation is still possible, the ranges are more limited when compared to the mode of Figure 17, due to the increased losses due to propagation within the 1702 insulating shirt.
Diagrams 1802, 1804, 1806 and 1808 also present modes of a 1525 airborne transmission medium that include an inner conductor and an insulating jacket of dielectric material, similar to diagram 1800, but shown in longitudinal cross-section and in scale smaller. These diagrams include different gray scales that represent different electromagnetic field intensities generated by the propagation of the guided wave that has an asymmetric mode at different frequencies.
At frequencies below the lower trimming frequency, represented by diagram 1808, the electric field is not strongly coupled to the surface of the transmission medium 1525. The asymmetric mode is difficult to induce in the transmission medium 1525 and does not propagate to all distances except trivial distances along the transmission medium. At frequencies within the limited range of the trimming frequency, represented by diagram 1806, while part of the electric field strength is within the insulating jacket, the guided wave has a field structure that lies principally or substantially outside the insulating jacket and outside the 1525 transmission medium that serves to guide the wave. As analyzed in conjunction with Figure 17, regions within conductor 1700 have little or no field and propagation is supported over a reasonable distance and with lower propagation losses, when compared to other frequency ranges. As the frequency increases above the limited frequency range around the cut-off frequency, represented by diagram 1804, the asymmetric mode changes further and further into the insulating jacket of the transmission medium 1525 increasing the χ
propagation losses and reducing effective distances traveled. At frequencies much larger than the trimming frequency, represented by diagram 1802, the field strength is no longer concentrated outside the insulating jacket, but mainly within the insulating jacket 1702. While the transmission medium 1525 provides strong guidance to the electromagnetic wave and propagation is still possible, the ranges are more limited by increased losses due to propagation within the insulating jacket 1702, as opposed to the surrounding air.
Figure 19 is a diagram illustrating exemplary non-limiting modalities of various electromagnetic distributions in accordance with various aspects described herein. In particular, diagram 1900 depicts a graph of end-to-end loss (in dB) as a frequency function, coated with 1910, 1920 and 1930 electromagnetic field distributions at three points for an isolated medium voltage cable of 200 cm The boundary between the insulator and the surrounding air is represented by the reference number 1925 in each electromagnetic field distribution.
In particular, the 1920 to 6 GHz electromagnetic field distribution falls within the previously analyzed modal scan point that improves the electromagnetic wave propagation along an isolated transmission medium and reduces the loss of end-to-end transmission. In this particular mode, EM waves are partially incorporated into the insulator and are partially radiating over the outer surface of the insulator. In this way, EM waves are lightly coupled to the insulator to allow propagation of EM waves over long distances with low propagation loss.
At lower frequencies represented by the distribution of the 1910 electromagnetic field at 3 GHz, the asymmetric mode radiates more heavily generating higher propagation losses. At higher frequencies represented by the 1930 to 9 GHz electromagnetic field distribution, the asymmetric mode shifts more and more towards
<td>inside the</td><td>shirt</td><td>insulating</td><td>providing too much</td>
<td colspan="2">absorption again</td><td>generand or</td><td>propagation losses</td>
<td>superior.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The figures</td><td>20 A</td><td>and 20B are</td><td>diagrams illustrating</td>
exemplary non-limiting modalities of a transmission medium according to various aspects described herein. Figure 20A presents a diagram 2000 showing an accumulation of water droplets 2002 on a transmission medium 1525. Water droplets 2002 can accumulate due to climatic conditions such as condensation, dew, moisture and rain or conditions made by the man such as spraying irrigation systems. As shown, water droplets 2002 can be expected to accumulate, due to gravity, in an orientation corresponding to the lower side of transmission line 1525. The presence of said water droplets 2002 may interfere with the propagation of Guided electromagnetic waves on a surface of the 1525 power line.
As previously analyzed, a transmission device may include a coupler, such as coupler 1310, that selectively releases EM waves that mitigate or surround the effects of water droplets. In particular, an EM wave mode can be selected to have a local (or null) minimum in the orientation of the expected rain droplet formation while most of the electromagnetic energy is oriented at the dry points (or dryer) on The isolated line.
Figure 20B presents an electromagnetic distribution 2010 for said EM wave operating within the previously analyzed modal scanning point that improves the propagation of electromagnetic wave along an isolated transmission means and reduces the loss of end-to-end transmission. As shown, the distribution of the electromagnetic field 2010 includes a local minimum that is
100 alienated with the expected orientation of the formation of water droplets 2012, at the bottom of the transmission medium 1525 such as an insulated or bare cable. Thus, the presence of water droplets 2002 has little effect on the propagation of EM waves, because most of the energy in the EM field is in other orientations around the transmission medium. It should also be noted that the distribution of the electromagnetic field 2010 is bilaterally symmetric and also includes a local minimum at the top of the transmission medium 1525. The presence of this second local minimum can mitigate the effects of any accumulations of water, ice or other matter at the top of the transmission medium 1525.
Turning now to Figure 21, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a transmission device is shown. In particular, a diagram similar to Figure 16 is presented with common reference numbers used to refer to similar elements. The transmission device 1500 or 1502 includes a communication interface 1600 that receives a communication signal 1510 or 1512 that includes data. The transceiver 1610 generates a first electromagnetic wave based on the communication signal 1510 or 1512 to transmit the first data, the first electromagnetic wave has the
101 minus a carrier frequency. A coupler 1620 couples the first electromagnetic wave to the transmission medium 1525 having at least one inner portion surrounded by a dielectric material, the dielectric material having an outer surface and a corresponding circumference. The first electromagnetic wave is coupled to the transmission medium to form a second electromagnetic wave that is guided to propagate along the outer surface of the dielectric material through at least one guided wave mode.
The transmission device 1500 or 1502 includes an optional training controller 2100. In an exemplary mode, the training controller 2100 is implemented by a stand-alone processor or a processor that is shared with one or more different components of the transmission device 1500 or 1502 . The training controller 2100 selects at least one carrier frequency based on the feedback data received by the transceiver 1610 from at least one remote transmission device coupled to receive the second electromagnetic wave.
In an exemplary, electromagnetic mode transmitted by a third wave a remote transmission device 1500 or 1502 transmits second data that
102 they are also propagated along the outer surface of the dielectric material of a transmission medium 1525. The second data can be generated to include the feedback data. In operation, the coupler 1620 also couples the third electromagnetic wave from the transmission means 1525 to form a fourth electromagnetic wave.
<td colspan="2">and the transceiver receives</td><td>the fourth wave</td><td>electromagnetic</td><td>Y</td>
<td>process</td><td>the fourth wave</td><td>electromagnetic</td><td colspan="2">to extract the</td>
<td>seconds</td><td>data.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>In</td><td>a modality</td><td>exemplary</td><td>controller</td><td>from</td>
2100 training operates based on feedback data to evaluate a plurality of candidate frequencies and / or transmission modes to select the carrier frequency and / or transmission mode to improve performance, such as output, signal strength, reduce the loss of spread, etc.
Consider the following example: a transmission device 1500 begins operation under the control of training controller 2100 by sending a plurality of guided waves as test signals such as pilot waves in a corresponding plurality of candidate frequencies and / or candidate modes directed to a remote transmission device 1502 coupled to the transmission medium 1525. Guided waves may include, in addition or in the
103 alternative, test data. Test data may indicate the particular candidate frequency and / or the EM mode of the signal. In one embodiment, the training controller 2100 in the remote transmission device 1502 receives the test signals and / or test data from any of the guided waves that were properly received and determines the best candidate frequency and / or EM mode , a set of acceptable candidate frequencies and / or EM modes, or a range of candidate frequency ranges and / or EM modes. This selection of candidate frequencies and / or EM modes are generated by the training controller 2100 based on one or more optimization criteria such as the received signal strength, bit error rate, packet error rate, signal-to-ratio ratio. a-noise, loss of propagation, etc.
The training controller
2100 generates feedback data that indicates the selection of candidate frequencies and / or modes
EM sends the feedback data to the transceiver
1610 for transmission to the transmission device 1500.
The transmission device
1500 and 1502 can then communicate data with another based on the selection of candidate frequencies and / or EM modes.
In other embodiments, the electromagnetic waves that contain the test signals and / or test data are
104 reflected back, repeated or otherwise looped back by remote transmission device 1502 to transmission device 1502 for reception and analysis by training controller 2100 of the transmission device
1502 That started these waves. For example, the transmission device 1502 can send a signal to the remote transmission device 1502 to initiate a test mode where a physical reflector is turned on the line, a termination impedance is changed to cause reflections, a loopback circuit is turned on to couple electromagnetic waves back to the 1502 source transmission device, and / or a repeater mode is enabled to amplify retransmitting the electromagnetic waves back to the source transmission device 1502.
The training controller
2100 in the source transmission device 1502 it receives the test signals and / or test data from any of the guided waves that were received appropriately and determines the selection of candidate frequencies and / or EM modes.
While the above procedure has been described in a startup or initialization mode of operation, each transmission device 1500 or 1502 can send test signals, can evaluate candidate frequencies or EM modes to
<img file="MX364592B_D0013.tif" />
105 Through non-testing such as normal transmissions or otherwise you can evaluate candidate frequencies or EM modes at other times or continuously as well. In an exemplary mode, the communication protocol between transmission devices 1500 and 1502 may include a periodic test mode where any of the complete test or more limited test of a subset of candidate frequencies and EM modes is tested or evaluated. In other modes of operation, re-entry into said test mode may be triggered by performance degradation due to disturbance, weather conditions, etc. In an exemplary embodiment, the bandwidth of the receiver in the transceiver 1610 is wide enough to include all candidate frequencies or can be selectively adjusted by the training controller 2100 to a training mode where the bandwidth of the receiver in the 1610 transceiver is wide enough to include all candidate frequencies.
Turning now to Figure 22, a flow chart 2200 illustrating an exemplary non-limiting mode of a method is shown. The method can be used in conjunction with one or more functions and features described in conjunction with Figures 1-21. Step 2202 includes generating an electromagnetic wave to transmit the data.
106 . w - fc * according to a non-fundamental mode that has an EM field pattern with a local minimum in an azimuthal orientation. Step 2204 includes the coupling of the electromagnetic wave to propagate on an outer surface of a transmission medium without altering the azimuthal orientation of the local minimum, or otherwise to align the local minimum in a desired orientation with respect to the transmission medium. For example, the local minimum can be generated and / or aligned so that the azimuthal orientation aligns with an expected orientation of the formation of water droplets from the transmission medium. In one embodiment, the non-fundamental mode has a cutoff frequency, and where a carrier frequency of the electromagnetic wave is selected based on the cutoff frequency. The carrier frequency may be within a microwave frequency band. The electromagnetic wave can be coupled to propagate on an outer surface of the transmission medium without altering the non-fundamental mode of the electromagnetic wave and without introducing additional electromagnetic propagation modes (either Fundamental or non-Fundamental) of the electromagnetic wave. As referenced above, a propagation mode is a mode that propagates for more than one trivial distance in the longitudinal direction along
107 of the transmission medium.
The transmission means may include an insulating jacket and the outer surface of the transmission means may correspond to the outer surface of the insulating jacket. The transmission medium may be a single cable transmission medium.
Electromagnetic waves, as described in the disclosure of the subject matter, can be affected by the presence of a physical object (for example, a bare wire or other conductor, a dielectric, an insulated wire, a conduit or other element hollow, a bundle of insulated wires that are coated, covered or surrounded by a dielectric or insulator or other wire tie, or other form of solid transmission medium, liquid or otherwise non-gaseous) to be at least partially linked to or guided by the physical object and thus propagate along a path of transmission of the physical object. Said physical object can operate as a transmission means that guides, by means of an interface of the transmission medium (for example, an outer surface, inner surface, an inner portion between the outer and inner surfaces or another boundary between elements of the means of transmission), the propagation of electromagnetic waves (guided electromagnetic waves), which in turn can
108 carry energy and / or data along the transmission path from a sending device to a receiving device.
Unlike the propagation of free space of wireless signals such as unguided (or non-delimited) electromagnetic waves that decrease in intensity inversely by the square of the distance traveled by unguided electromagnetic waves, guided electromagnetic waves can be propagated to along a transmission medium with less loss in magnitude per unit distance than that experienced by unguided electromagnetic waves.
Unlike electric signals, guided electromagnetic waves can be propagated from a sending device to a receiving device without requiring a separate electrical return path between the sending device and the receiving device. As a consequence, guided electromagnetic waves can be propagated from a sending device to a receiving device along a transmission medium that has no conductive components (eg, a dielectric strip) through a transmission medium that does not It has more than one conductor (for example, a single bare cable or insulated cable). Even if
109 a transmission means includes one or more conductive components and the guided electromagnetic waves that propagate along the transmission medium generate currents that flow in one or more conductive components in a direction of the guided electromagnetic waves, said guided electromagnetic waves can be propagated along the transmission medium from a sending device to a receiving device without requiring a flow of opposite currents on an electrical return path between the sending device and the receiving device.
In a non-limiting illustration, consider electrical systems that transmit and receive electrical signals between sending and receiving devices through conductive means. Such systems are generally based on electrically separate return and return paths. For example, consider a coaxial cable that has a central conductor and a grounding that are separated by an insulator. Typically, in an electrical system, a first terminal of a sending (or receiving) device may be connected to the central conductor, and a second terminal of the sending (or receiving) device may be connected to the ground liner. If the sending device injects an electrical signal into the central conductor through the first terminal, the electrical signal is
110 it will propagate along the central conductor causing forward currents in the central conductor, and return currents in the grounding. The same conditions apply for a two-terminal receiving device.
In contrast, consider a waveguide system as described in the disclosure of the subject matter, which can use different modes of a transmission medium (including among others a coaxial cable) to transmit guided electromagnetic waves without a trajectory of electric return In one embodiment, for example, the waveguide system of the disclosure of the subject matter can be configured to induce guided electromagnetic waves that propagate along an outer surface of a coaxial cable. Although guided electromagnetic waves will cause forward currents in the grounding, guided electromagnetic waves do not require return currents to enable guided electromagnetic waves to propagate along the outer surface of the coaxial cable. The same can be said of other transmission means used by a waveguide system for the transmission of guided electromagnetic waves. For example, guided electromagnetic waves induced by the guidance system of
111 Wave on an outer surface of a bare wire, or an insulated wire can propagate along the bare wire or insulated wire without an electrical return path.
In consecuense, The electrical systems that require two or more conductors to carry forward and reverse currents in separate conductors to allow the propagation of electrical signals injected by a sending device are different from the waveguide systems that induce guided electromagnetic waves over an interface of a transmission medium without the need for an electrical return path to enable the propagation of guided electromagnetic waves along the transmission medium interface.
Furthermore, it is observed that the guided electromagnetic waves, as described in the disclosure of the subject matter, may have an electromagnetic field structure that lies principally or substantially outside a transmission means to be delimited to or guided by the transmission means and thus propagating in non-trivial distances on an outer surface of the transmission medium or along it. In other embodiments, guided electromagnetic waves may have an electromagnetic field structure that lies primarily or substantially within a transmission medium to be linked to or
112 guided by the transmission medium and thus spread over nontrivial distances within the transmission medium. In other embodiments, guided electromagnetic waves may have an electromagnetic field structure that lies partially within and partially outside a transmission medium to be linked to or guided by the transmission medium and thus propagate for nontrivial distances along the medium. of transmission.
In the specification of the subject matter, terms such as storage, storage, data storage, data storage, database, and substantially any other information storage component relevant to the operation and functionality of a component, refer to components of memory or entities incorporated in a memory or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein may be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may comprise both volatile and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, disk storage and storage of memory. In addition, nonvolatile memory can be included in read-only memory (ROM) programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. The
113 Volatile memory may comprise random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronized RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronized DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM ), Synchronized Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and RAM Rambus Direct (DRRAM). Additionally, the memory components disclosed in the systems or methods herein are intended to understand, without being limited to understanding, these and any other convenient types of memory.
In addition, it will be noted that the subject matter disclosed can be practiced with other computer system configurations, comprising single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, mini-computing devices, server computers, as well as personal computers, portable computing devices ( for example, PDA, phone, watch tablet computers, netbook computers, programmable industrial or consumer electronic devices based on microprocessor, and the like.
The illustrated aspects can be practiced in distributed computing environments where remote processing tasks that are linked through a
114 communications network; However, some, if not all, aspects of the disclosure of subject matter can be practiced in autonomous computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on local and remote memory storage devices.
Some of the modalities described herein may also employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate the automation of one or more features described herein. For example, artificial intelligence can be used to determine positions around a cable in which dielectric waveguides 604 and 606 should be placed to maximize transfer efficiency. The modalities (for example, in connection with the automatic identification of acquired cell sites that provide a maximum value / benefit after the addition to an existing communication network) can employ various AI-based schemes to carry out various modalities of the same. In addition, the classifier can be used to determine a classification or priority of each cell site in the acquired network. A classifier is a function that maps an input attribute vector, x = (xl, x2, x3, x4, ..., xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is, f (x ) = confidence (class).
χ
115
Such classification may employ an analysis based on probability and / or statistical analysis (utilities and costs of analysis) to predict in inferring an action that a user wishes to be executed automatically. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be used.
The SVM operates by finding a hypersurface in the space of possible entrances, where the hypersurface tries to divide the trigger criteria for non-trigger events. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for the test data, that is, close to the training data but not identical. Other approaches to classification of directed and unidirected model include, for example, Bayes, networks
Bayesian, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models and probabilistic classification models that provide different impedance patterns that can be used. The classification as used here is also inclusive of the statistical regression that is used to develop priority models.
As you can easily see, one or more of the modalities can use classifiers that are explicitly trained (for example, through generic training data) as well as implicitly trained
V
116 (for example, through observation of the behavior of the UE, operator preferences, historical information, extrinsic reception information). For example, SVMs can be configured through a learning or training phase within a classifier constructor and feature selection module. Therefore, the classifiers can be used to automatically learn and execute a number of functions, including but not limited to the determination according to a predefined criterion of which of the acquired cell sites will benefit a maximum number of subscribers and / or which of the acquired cell sites will add minimum value to the existing communication network coverage.
As used in some contexts in this application, in some modalities, the terms component, system and the like are intended to refer to, or understand a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operating device with one or more specific functionalities. , where the entity can be hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software or software running. As an example, a component can
<td>be but</td><td>do not</td><td>is limited</td><td>a, a process</td><td>running in</td><td>a</td>
<td>processor,</td><td>a</td><td>processor,</td><td>an object, a</td><td>executable,</td><td>a</td>
<td>sequence</td><td>from</td><td>execution,</td><td>instructions</td><td>eg equibles</td><td>by</td>
117 computer, a program and / or a computer.
By way of illustration and not limitation, both an application that runs on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and / or sequence of execution and a component may be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can run from various computer readable media that have various data structures stored therein. Components can communicate through local and / or remote processes such as according to a signal that has one or more data packets (for example, data from a component that interacts with another component in a local system, distributed system and / or through a network such as the Internet with other systems through the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electrical or electronic circuits, which are operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, where the processor can be internal or external to the device and run at least part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through
118 In electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components may comprise a processor therein to execute software or firmware that at least partially confers the functionality of the electronic components. Although various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from exemplary modalities.
In addition, the various modalities can be implemented as a method, apparatus or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware or any combination thereof to control a computer in order to implement the subject matter. disclosed. The term manufacturing article as used herein is intended to cover a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or computer-readable communications / storage media. For example, the computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, flexible disk, magnetic strips), optical discs (e.g., compact disk (CD), disk versatile digital (DVD)),
b. **,
119
<td>cards</td><td>smart and flash memory devices (for</td>
<td>example,</td><td>card, stick, key unit). Of course,</td>
<td>those</td><td>Those skilled in the art will recognize that they can</td>
<td>perform</td><td>many modifications to this configuration without</td>
<td>depart</td><td>of the scope or spirit of the various modalities.</td>
In addition, the words example and example are used here to indicate that it serves as a case or illustration. Any modality or design described herein as an example or example will not necessarily be construed as preferred or convenient over other modalities or designs. Rather, the use of the word example or example is intended to
<td>present</td><td>concepts in a concrete way. As it</td>
use in this application, the term or is intended to mean an or inclusive rather than an exclusive one. It is
<td>say to</td><td>unless otherwise specified or that the</td>
<td>context</td><td>clearly indicate, X uses A or B is</td>
<td>destined</td><td>to mean any of the permutations</td>
natural inclusive. That is, if X uses A; X uses B; or X uses both A and B, so X uses A or B is satisfied under any of the above cases. In addition, article one and one as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to indicate one or more unless otherwise specified or the context clearly 1c
120 Indicate to address a singular form.
In addition, terms such as user equipment, mobile, mobile station, subscriber station, access terminal, terminal, equipment, mobile device (and / or terms representing similar terminology) may refer to a wireless device used by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or transmit data, control, voice, video, sound, games or substantially any data stream or signaling stream. The above terms are used interchangeably here and with reference to the related drawings.
In addition, the terms user, subscriber, customer, consumer and the like are used interchangeably unless the context guarantees particular distinctions between the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms may refer to human entities or automated components supported through artificial intelligence (for example, an ability to make an inference based on at least complex mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, recognition of Sound and so on.
As used herein, the term "processor" may refer substantially to any unit of
121 computer processing or device comprising, but not limited to understanding, single core processors;
simple processors with multisequence software execution capability;
multicore processors;
multicore processors with multisequence software execution capability; multicore processors with multisequence hardware terminology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory.
Additionally, a processor may refer to an integrated circuit, an application integrated circuit (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD) , a discrete or transistor logic gate, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum point-based transistors, switches and gates, to optimize space usage and improve user equipment performance. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.
As used herein, the term "millimeter wave"
122 it can refer to electromagnetic waves that fall within the millimeter wave frequency band of 30 GHz to 300 GHz. The term microwave can refer to electromagnetic waves that fall within the microwave frequency band of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. It is appreciated that wireless signals, electrical signals, and guided electromagnetic waves as described in the disclosure of subject matter can be configured to
<td>operate at any</td><td colspan="2">desirable frequency range,</td><td>such</td><td>how,</td>
<td>for example, to fre</td><td>things inside</td><td>from above</td><td>from</td><td>or by</td>
<td>under bands</td><td>of frequency</td><td>microwave</td><td>and / or</td><td>wave</td>
<td>millimeter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Just like here</td><td>is used, the</td><td>term antenna</td><td>I know</td><td>may</td>
refer to a device that is part of a transmission or reception system to radiate or receive wireless signals.
In addition, a flowchart may include an indication to start and / or continue. The indications to start and continue reflect that the steps presented optionally can be incorporated or otherwise used in conjunction with other routines. In this context, start indicates the beginning of the first step presented and may be preceded by other activities not shown specifically. In addition, the indication to continue reflects that
123 The steps presented can be executed multiple times and / or can be followed by other activities not shown specifically. In addition, although a flowchart indicates a particular order of steps, other arrangements are equally possible as long as the principles of causality are maintained.
As may also be used herein, the terms operatively coupled to, coupled to, and / or coupled includes direct coupling between elements and / or indirect coupling between elements through one or more intermediate elements. Such intermediate elements and elements include, but are not limited to, crossings, communication paths, components, circuit elements, circuits, functional blocks and / or devices. As an example of indirect coupling, a signal transmitted from a first element to a second element can be modified by one or more intermediate elements by modifying the form, nature or format of the information in a signal, while one or more elements of the Information in the signal is nonetheless transmitted in a way that can be recognized by the second element. In a further example of the indirect coupling, an action in a first element can cause a reaction in the second element, as a result of actions and / or reactions in one or more intermediate elements.
124
What has been described above includes simple examples of various modalities. Of course, it is not possible to describe every possible combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing these examples, but one skilled in the art can recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of the present embodiments are possible. Therefore, the modalities disclosed and / or claimed here are intended to cover all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. In addition, to the extent that the term includes is used in either the detailed description or the claims, said term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term comprising and understanding that it is interpreted when used as a transition word in a claim.
125
NEW OF THE INVENTION
Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, what is contained in the following is claimed as property:
Contents5
33 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31 Sheet 32 Sheet 33
22 members in 9 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14627322 | United States of America | – | |
| 201514627322 | United States of America | A | |
| 201514627322 | United States of America | A | |
| 2016015501 | United States of America | W | |
| 2016015501 | United States of America | W | |
| 14627322 | – | – | – |
| PCTUS2016015501 | – | – | – |
| US201514627322 | – | – | – |
| WO2016US15501 | – | – | – |
Members22
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2977034A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| US2016248165A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016248509A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2016133672A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| KR20170120643A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| MX2017010658A | Mexico | A | |
| CN107466430A | China | A | |
| EP3259850A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US9876570B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US9876571B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP2018511216A | Japan | A | |
| US2018145756A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| BR112017017782A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| JP6445177B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| EP3259850B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US10200126B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| MX364592BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| US2019158181A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR102008137B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| CA2977034C | Canada | C | |
| CN107466430B | China | B | |
| US10812189B2 | United States of America | B2 |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Grant or registrationFG | FG |
Numbers
- Publication
- 364592
- Publication, DOCDB
- 364592
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX364592
- Application
- 2017010658
- Application, DOCDB
- 2017010658
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20170010658
Titles2
- Spanish
- DISPOSITIVO DE TRANSMISION DE ONDA GUIADA CON PROPAGACION DE MODO NO FUNDAMENTAL Y METODOS PARA USO CON EL MISMO.
- English
- GUIDED WAVE TRANSMISSION DEVICE WITH NON-FUNDAMENTAL MODE PROPAGATION AND METHODS FOR USE WITH THE SAME.
Classification
- CPC, 4
- H01Q13/26
- H04B3/36
- H04B10/25759
- H04B10/40
- IPC, 4
- H04B3 36
- H01P3 10
- H04B5 48
- H01P5 08