Quasi-optical coupler.

(54) Title: QUASI-OPTICAL COUPLER. (54) Title: QUASI-OPTICAL COUPLER.

(57) Summary

A quasi-optical coupling system emits and extracts surface wave communication transmissions from a wire. At millimeter wave frequencies, where the wavelength is small compared to the macroscopic size of the equipment, millimeter wave transmissions can be transported from one place to another and can be deflected by means of lenses and reflectors, the mostly as visible light. Transmitters and receivers can be positioned next to telephone and power lines, and reflectors placed on or next to cables can reflect transmissions on or off cables. The lenses in the transmitters are focused and the reflectors are positioned so that the reflected transmissions are guided waves on the surface of the cables. Reflectors can be polarization sensitive, where one or more than one set of guided wave modes can be reflected off the wire depending on the polarization of the guided wave modes and the polarization and orientation of the reflector.

(57) Abstract

A quasi-optical coupling system launches and extracts surface wave communication transmissions from a wire. At millimeter-wave frequencies, where the wavelength is small compared to the macroscopic size of the equipment, the millimeter-wave transmissions can be transported from one place to another and diverted via lenses and reflectors, much like visible light. Transmitters and receivers can be positioned near telephone and power lines and reflectors placed on or near the cables can reflect transmissions onto or off of the cables. The lenses on the transmitters are focused, and the reflectors positioned such that the reflected transmissions are guided waves on the surface of the cables. The reflectors can be polarized sensitive, where one or more of a set of guided wave modes can be reflected off the wire based on the polarization of the guided wave modes and polarized and oriented of the reflector.

PATENT TITLE No. 360656

Owner (s): AT&T INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY I, LP

Address: 675 W. Peachtree Street, Suite 4000, Atlanta, Georgia, 30308, USA

Denomination: QUASI-OPTICAL COUPLER.

Classification

Inventors):

CIP: H01Q13 / 26; H01Q1 / 46

CPC: H01Q13 / 26; H01Q1 / 46; H01Q19 / 10; H04B3 / 52; H04B3 / S4; H04B3 / 56;

H04B2203 / 5483

PAUL SHALA HENRY; DONALO J. BARNICKEL; PARRAD BARZEGAR; ROBERT BENNETT; IRWIN GERSZBERG; THOMAS M. WILLIS, III

Number:

MX / a / 2016/006494

REQUEST

International Presentation Date:

October 2014

PRIORITY

Country: Date: Number:

US December 10, 2013 14 / 101,567

Validity: Twenty years

Expiration Date: October 21, 2034 Issue Date: November 12, 2018

The reference patent is granted based on articles 1. 2 · fraction V, 6th fraction lil. and 59 of the Industrial Property Law

In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, this patent has a validity of twenty non-extendable years, counted from the date of filing of the international application and will be subject to the payment of the fee to keep the rights in force. .

Whoever subscribes to this title does so based on the provisions of articles 6 ('actions III and 7 “bis 2 of the Industrial Property Law (Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF) 06/27/1991. Reformed o! 08/02/1994, 10/25/1996, 12/26/1997, 05/17/1999. 01/20/2004, 16/00/2005, 01/25/2006, 05/06/2008, 06/01/2010, 06/18/2010, 08/28/2010, 01/27/20 * 2, 04/09 / 2012,01 / 06/2016 and 03/13/2018); Articles 1- ', 3' section V naso a), 4 ° and 12 'sections I and III of the Regulations of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 14/1?,' 1999, amended on 01 (07/200 ?. 07/15/2004. 07/28/2004 and 09/07/2007); articles 1, 3, 4 ", 5 'section V, subsection a), 16 sections I and til and 30 of the Organic Statute of the Mexican Institute dle Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999. reformed or! 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007); 1 ”, 3 'and 5 subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Joint Directors General. Georo nado- Divisional Directors, Holders of the Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and others' ¡..nr.ltornoü de: liyj¡:,.; O Móxic.: - iú :: n · »Propeda: ·: lr:; i; s'-¡a. (DtO.F. 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).

This letter is signed with an advanced electronic signature (FIEL), based on articles 7 BIS 2 of the Industrial Property Law; 3rd of its Regulations, and 1 section III, 2 section V. 26 SIS and 26 TER of! Agreement establishing the guidelines for the use of the Electronic Payment and Services Portal (PASE) of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, in the. procedures that are indicated.

THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS

NAHANNY CANAL REYES

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NAHANNY MARISOL CANAL REYES | 00001QQQQQ0403252793 | Tax Administration Service | 1695 | jMX / 2019/1355 | MX / a / 2016/006494 | Patent title PCT¡ 1223 GAGV | Pág (s) 1 | TBusvTlQnh2quFXXVT3Lq2sjEj

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Arenal No. 550, Floor. 1, Pueblo Sarita Marta Tepepan, Mexico City, (65) 63340700 www.gob..rnx / irnpi

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Field of the Invention

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, for example, the provision of connectivity to base stations and distributed antennas using millimeter wavelength surface wave communications.

Background of the Invention

As smartphones and other handheld devices become increasingly oblique and aerial rockets, macrocell base stations and existing wireless data usage infrastructure are being overwhelmed. To provide additional mobile bandwidth, small cell deployment is being pursued, with microcells and picocells providing coverage to much smaller areas than traditional macrocells, albeit at a high cost.

Brief Description of the Figures

A block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a surface wave communication system in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 2 shows a block diagram illustrating an example non-limiting embodiment of a

Ref. 265971 '3 3

O 3 3 quasi-optical transmitter according to various aspects described herein.

A block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a quasi-optical receiver in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown in Figure 3.

A block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a bidirectional quasi-optical transmitter in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown in Figure 4.

A block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a quasi-optical repeater in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown in Figure 5.

A block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of the reflector in a quasi-optical coupling system in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown in Figure 6.

A block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a polarization sensitive quasi-optical coupling system in accordance with various aspects described herein is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 8 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method that transmits a transmission with a quasi-optical coupler as described herein.

A flow chart of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method receiving a transmission with a quasi-optical coupler as described herein is illustrated in FIG. 9.

Figure 10 shows a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a computing environment in accordance with various aspects described herein.

Figure 11 shows a block diagram of an example non-limiting embodiment of a mobile network platform in accordance with various aspects described herein.

Detailed description of the invention

Next, one or more modalities are described with reference to the figures, where the same reference numbers are used to refer to the same elements throughout all the figures. In the following description, for explanation purposes, numerous specific details are pointed out for the purpose of providing detailed understanding of various modalities. However, it is evident that various modalities can be practiced without these specific details (and without application to any particular interconnected environment or standard).

In order to provide network connectivity to

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AXW Jt A Jt fjj, ............ institute μεχκανο ^ χΐρβΛΟί additional base stations, the terrestrial eniace network that then links the microcells and macrocells with the central network expands, so correspondent. Similarly, in order to provide network connectivity to a distributed antenna system, the communication system linking the base stations and their distributed antennas is expanded accordingly. A surface wave communication system can be provided to allow for increased network connectivity, and a quasi-optical coupling system can be provided to transmit and receive surface wave communications on a wire.

For these considerations, as well as other considerations, in one or more embodiments, an apparatus includes a transmitter that emits a transmission, wherein a wavelength of the transmission corresponds to a millimeter waveband. The apparatus also includes a reflector, positioned relative to a wire, such that the reflector reflects transmission in a direction that is substantially parallel to the wire whereby a reflected transmission originates, where the reflected transmission is a guided wave which is guided depending on the surface of the wire.

In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a reflector, positioned relative to a wire, such that the i

reflector reflects an arrival transmission wheel of the wire, where the arrival transmission is a guided wave that is guided as a function of the surface of the wire traveling in a direction substantially parallel to the wire. The apparatus also includes a receiver that receives the incoming transmission, wherein a wavelength of the incoming transmission corresponds to a millimeter waveband.

In another embodiment, one method includes emitting, by means of a transmission device, a transmission towards a first side of the reflector that is close to a wire, where the transmission comprises a wavelength corresponding to a millimeter wave band. The method also includes reflecting the transmission in a direction that is substantially parallel to the wire that causes a reflected transmission, where the reflected transmission is a guided wave on the surface of the wire.

Various modalities that are described herein refer to a quasi-optical coupling system for the emission and extraction of surface wave communication transmissions from a wire. At millimeter wave frequencies, where the wavelength is small compared to the macroscopic size of the equipment, millimeter wave transmissions can be transported from one place to another and can be deflected by means of lenses and '3 3

Or 3 3 3 reflectors, most as visible light. Transmitters and receivers can be positioned next to telephone and power lines and reflectors placed on or next to cables can reflect transmissions on or off cables. The lenses in the transmitters are focused and the reflectors are positioned so that the reflected transmissions become guided waves on the surface of the cables. Reflectors can be polarization sensitive, where one or more than one set of guided wave modes can be reflected off the wire depending on the polarization of the guided wave modes and the polarization and orientation of the reflector.

Next, with reference to Figure 1, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a surface wave communication system 100 is shown. The surface wave communication system 100 depicts an example environment in which can be used a quasi-optical coupling system.

The surface wave communication system 100 may be a distributed antenna system that includes one or more base stations (eg, base station device 104) that are communicatively coupled to a macrocell site 102 u another network connection. The base station device 104 can be connected by fiber and / or cable, or by a wireless microwave connection to the mact uCtíiua ± uz site. Macrocells, such as macrocell site 102, may have dedicated connections to the mobile network, and base station device 104 may cascade out of macrocell site 102 connection. Base station device 104 may be mounted, or coupled with utility pole 116. In other embodiments, base station device 104 may be nearby transformers and / or other locations located near a power line.

Base station device 104 can facilitate connectivity to a mobile network to mobile devices 122 and 124. Antennas 112 and 114, mounted on or next to utility poles 118 and 120 can receive signals from the station device Base 104 and can transmit these signals to mobile devices 122 and 124 over a much wider area than if antennas 112 and 114 were located on or next to base station device 104.

It will be appreciated that Figure 1 shows three utility poles, with a base station device, for simplicity purposes. In other embodiments, utility pole 116 may have more base station devices and one or more utility poles with distributed antennas are possible.

i

A quasi-optical coupling device iub can transmit the signal from base station device 104 to antennas 112 and 114 through power lines connecting utility poles 116, 118, and 120. To transmit the signal, the source and / or radio coupler 106 upconverts the signal (via frequency mixing) from the base station device 104 to a millimeter waveband signal and the quasi-optical coupling device 106 emits a millimeter wave band surface wave (through the modalities shown in Figures 2, 4, and 5) that propagates as a guided wave that travels along the wire. At utility pole 118, another quasi-optical coupling device 108 receives the surface wave (eg, Figure 3) and can amplify it and send it forward on the power line. Quasi-optical coupling device 108 can also extract a signal from the millimeter wave band surface wave and move it down in frequency to its original cellular band frequency (eg 1.9 GHz or other cellular frequency). An antenna 112 can transmit the down-shifted signal to mobile device 122. The process can be repeated by quasi-optical coupling device 110, antenna 114, and mobile device 124.

Transmissions from mobile devices 122 and

124 they can also be received by the ± ± ¿and ne antennas, respectively. Repeaters in quasi-optical coupling devices 108 and 110 can shift the cell band signals up to the millimeter wave band and can transmit the signals as surface wave transmissions through the power lines to the base station device 104.

In one embodiment, system 100 may employ a variety of pathways, where two or more wires are routed between utility poles 116, 118, and 120 and redundant transmissions from base station 104 are transmitted as downward guided waves from the surface of the wires. The wires can be both insulated and non-insulated and depending on the environmental conditions causing transmission losses, the coupling devices can selectively receive the signals from the insulated or non-insulated wires. Selection may be based on measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio of the wires, or may be based on determined climatological / environmental conditions (eg, humidity detectors, weather forecasts, etc.).

It will be appreciated that the use of the quasi-optical coupling devices 106, 108, and 110 in Figure 1 is exemplary and that in other embodiments, other uses are possible.

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For example, quasi-optical coupling devices can be used in a terrestrial link communication system, which provides network connectivity to base stations. Quasi5 optical coupling devices can be used in any circumstance where it is desirable to transmit surface wave communications through an insulated or non-insulated wire. Quasi-optical coupling devices are improvements over other coupling devices due to limited contact with the wires. Usually, when working with medium or high voltage power cables, specially trained technicians are required, although with quasi-optical coupling devices, the apparatus is located outside the wire, allowing for cheap and easy installation.

Next, referring to Figure 2, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a quasi-optical transmitter according to various aspects described herein is illustrated. System 200 includes a transmitter 202 that generates and outputs a transmission that is in a millimeter wave band. The transmission that is generated by transmitter 202 can be based on a signal received from base station device 104 or mobile devices 122 or 124. Lens 204 can focus the millimeter wave transmission towards a reflector 208 that is positioned, from so that the reflected transmission travels in one direction, substantially parallel to wire 206. The reflected transmission that propagates as a guided wave travels along wire 206. The guided wave, or surface wave, will remain parallel to wire 206, even when wire 206 bends and flexes. Bends can increase transmission losses, which also depend on wire diameters, frequency, and materials.

In one embodiment, transmitter 202 is positioned and lens 204 is focused, so that the emitted transmission is focused on where reflector 208 and wire 206 coincide. The focal point (ie, the center portion of the beam) may be larger than the wire diameter 206

<td colspan="2">although as</td><td>the broadcast</td><td>is reflected,</td><td>the</td>

<td>transmission</td><td>reflected</td><td colspan="3">spreads in one direction</td>

<td colspan="2">substantially parallel</td><td>to wire 206,</td><td>in this way,</td><td>I know</td>

<td>emit the wave</td><td>superficial</td><td> 210.</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Will be</td><td>appreciated</td><td>that the word</td><td>parallel is</td><td>a</td>

Mathematical term of the technique that means that the parallel lines are lines in the plane that do not intersect or touch at any point. The parallel term as a mathematical construction often cannot be achieved in real systems due to various electrical, mechanical, or other interfering forces. In this description, the i IVI Γ 1 '”fto

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FROM THE PROPERTY ® | 11 | M terms parallel and substantially parallel even uLinzaaos such that they include the mathematical definition of parallel as well as minor deviations from it where for purposes or practical purposes, a parallel feature has been achieved.

Lens 204 may be a dielectric lens (eg, a Luneburg lens). Transmitter 202 may be a millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit with a power illuminating lens 204.

In one embodiment, the transmission that is broadcast by transmitter 202 may have one or more waveguide modes. Waveguide modes may be dependent on the shape and / or design of the waveguide. After reflection by reflector 208, one or more of the waveguide modes may be coupled with one or more surface wave modes of the guided surface wave 210. The surface wave modes may be different from the waveguide modes due to the different characteristics of the waveguide and the wire. For example, surface wave modes may include the fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode (Quasi-TEMoo), where only very small electric and / or magnetic fields extend in the direction of propagation and the fields extend in the radial outward direction. This surface wave mode does not exist within a waveguide that is hollow. Therefore, the waveguide modes that are used by transmitter 202 are ae-ae-onaa modes that can be coupled, effectively and efficiently, with the surface wave modes of wire 206.

It will be appreciated that the guided surface wave 210 is shown using three circular symbols in Figure 2. These symbols are used to represent a general surface wave, although they do not imply that the surface wave 210 is circularly polarized or otherwise circularly oriented. In fact, the surface wave 210 can include a fundamental TEM mode where the fields extend radially outward and also include other higher level modes.

In one embodiment, the transmission wavelength is comparable in size, or smaller than the circumference of wire 206. In one example, if wire 206 has a diameter of 0.5 cm and a circumference

<td>correspondent</td><td colspan="3">about 1.5 cm, the</td><td>length</td><td>cool</td><td>of</td>

<td>the broadcast</td><td>is</td><td>around</td><td>of 1.5</td><td>cm or</td><td>less,</td><td>than</td>

<td>correspond with</td><td>a</td><td>frequency</td><td colspan="2">2 0 GHz or more</td><td>big.</td><td>In</td>

<td>another modality,</td><td>a</td><td>frequency</td><td>ideal of</td><td colspan="2">transmission and</td><td>the</td>

carrier wave signal is around 38 GHz. In experimental results, when the circumference of wire 206 is comparable in size, or is larger than a transmission wavelength, surface wave 210 exhibits a plurality of surface wave modes . Therefore, the i

Surface wave 210 may comprise more than one type of field configuration of the electric and magnetic type. As the surface wave 210 propagates down the wire 206, the plurality of magnetic and electric field configurations will remain the same from end to end of wire 206.

Next, referring to Figure 3, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a quasi-optical receiver system 300 is illustrated. The quasi-optical receiver system 300 includes a receiver 302 that receives a transmission that is reflected. from a reflector 308 positioned on or next to a wire 306. The transmission that is reflected off the reflector 308 may be from a guided wave surface wave 310 traveling along the wire 306 until it is reflected by the reflector 308. A lens 304 can focus the reflected transmission on a guide feed of wave associated with receptor 302.

The surface wave 310 can be a guided wave that was transmitted by a transmitter (as shown in Figure 2) and the surface wave 310 can have one or more modes that are associated with the surface waves on a wire. After reflection by reflector 308, one or more of the surface wave modes can be coupled with one or more waveguide modes that are dependent on the design and configuration of the waveguide supply on the i VI Γ I ΒΐϊΐβΒ '' ”« ο

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DELAMOHmAD, Π · 1 |, Β «Β receiver 302. Waveguide modes can aei li ± itxeiiLeb from surface wave modes due to the different characteristics of the wire and the waveguide.

An exemplary surface wave mode of the surface wave 310 may be a fundamental transverse electromagnetic mode (Quasi-TEMoo), where only small electric and magnetic fields extend in the direction of propagation and the fields extend in a radially outward direction. The mode pattern is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of wire 306. If the mode pattern is symmetrical, it does not matter in which orientation around wire 306 in which reflector 308 and receiver 302 are positioned relative to each other. However, according to experimental results, when the 3 06 wire circumference is comparable in size, or is larger than a transmission wavelength, the behavior of multiple modes is presented and at least one of the modes present is asymmetric, since minimal addition signals are experienced when receiver 302 and reflector 308 are rotated around wire 306 with respect to the transmitter that originated the transmission.

Next, referring to Figure 4, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a quasi-optical bidirectional transmitter is illustrated. System 400 includes two transmitters 408 and 406 that generate and '3&gt; 3 3 3 emit transmissions that are in a millimeter oanaa ae onaa. The transmission that is generated by transmitters 406 and 408 may be based on a signal received from a base station or mobile device (eg, base station device 104 or mobile devices 122 or 124). Transmissions from transmitters 406 and 408 are reflected off of reflector 404 and propagate down wire 402 in opposite directions like surface wave transmissions 412 and

410, respectively.

In one embodiment, the surfaces on both sides of reflector 404 are reflective, allowing a single reflector to be used with transmitters 406 and 408 being positioned opposite and / or on opposite sides of the wire.

402. In other embodiments, multiple reflectors can be used and positioned, so that transmitters 406 and 408 can be positioned with each other in many different positions and orientations. In an exemplary embodiment, reflector 404 may be substantially V-shaped or similar in that it allows transmitters 406 and 408 to be positioned close to each other and oriented such that the transmissions generated by transmitter 406 and 408 are reflected off reflector 404, so that surface wave transmissions 410 and 412 travel in opposite directions on opposite sections of wire 402.

In an alternate embodiment, transmitters 406 and 408 can also include receivers and can be configured to receive surface wave transmissions that are reflected off of wire 402 by reflector 404. Reflected transmissions can be lens focused on guide guide feeds. wave associated with receivers / transmitters 406 and 408.

Next, referring to Figure 5, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a quasi-optical repeater system 500 is illustrated. The repeater system 500 includes a transmitter 506 and a receiver 508 that receives a wave transmission. surface 510 and retransmits it as the 512 surface wave transmission along a 502 wire.

In one embodiment, the surface wave 510 can propagate along wire 502 and can be reflected off the wire by reflector 504 toward receiver 508. Receiver 508 can then pass the transmission over communication link 514 to the transmitter 506.

Transmitter 506 generates another transmission based on the transmission received by receiver 508. The new transmission can be output to reflector 504, so that the reflected transmission is in a direction substantially parallel to wire 502 and propagates as a transmission 512 waveguided surface wave.

Between receiver 508 and transmitter 506, along link 514, the signal can be amplified to correct signal loss and other inefficiencies associated with surface wave communications. In one embodiment, a signal can be extracted from the transmission and can be processed and otherwise broadcast to mobile devices 122 and 124 by means of antennas 112 and 114. Similarly, the signals and / or communications received by the antennas 112 and 114 of the mobile devices 122 and 124 can be inserted into the transmission that is generated by the transmitter 506. Accordingly, the repeater system 500 that is represented in the Figure 5 may be comparable in function to the quasi-optical coupling devices 108 and 110 in Figure 1.

It will be appreciated that although Figure 5 shows the surface wave transmissions 510 and 512 entering from the left and exiting to the right, respectively, this is merely a simplification and is not intended to be limiting. In other embodiments, receiver 508 and transmitter 506 can also function as transmitters and receivers respectively, allowing repeater system 500 to be bidirectional. It will also be appreciated that while reflector 504 reflects to and from receiver 508 and transmitter 506, in other modes

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Next, with reference to Figure 6, a block diagram illustrating an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a reflector 604 in a quasi-optical coupling system 600 is depicted. Reflector 604 reflects a transmission 602 that was emitted by a transmitter (eg, transmitter 202) substantially parallel to wire or cable 608, so that the reflected transmission 612 propagates down the wire / cable 608 as a guided wave surface wave. In particular, transmission 602 is coupled with a guided wave mode 614 that is associated with surface wave modes along a wire.

The transmitter and a lens (eg, lens 204) on the transmitter focus transmission 602, so that the focal point is at the intersection of wire 608 and

<td>the reflector</td><td> 604,</td><td>as it is shown</td><td>by</td><td>the focal plane 606.</td><td>Of</td>

<td>this way,</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">transmitter focuses</td><td>transmission in</td><td>the</td>

<td>intersection</td><td>of the</td><td>wire 608 and</td><td>the</td><td>reflector 604 and</td><td>the</td>

reflected transmission propagates along wire 608

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When transmission 602 is reflected in surface wave 610, there may be coupling inefficiencies causing loss of transmission. These coupling inefficiencies can be reduced by ensuring that the focal plane 606 of the lens is at the intersection of the reflector and the wire. Coupling inefficiencies can also be reduced by matching the size of the intersection area along focal plane 606 with the size of mode 614 on the wire.

Next, referring to Figure 7, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a polarization sensitive quasi-optical coupling system 700 is illustrated. The polarization sensitive quasi-optical coupling system 700 includes a polarized and / or polarization sensitive reflector 704 that reflects to a receiver 708 a polarized portion 706 of the surface wave transmission 710, while allowing another portion 712 (polarized differently) continue to propagate down wire 702.

In one embodiment, the surface wave transmission 710, as it propagates along wire 702, may contain one or more guided wave modes that are polarized. Polarization can include circular polarization modes as well as polarization modes

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In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, reflector 704 may be comprised of a closely spaced series of straight metal wires (although other reflector polarization means are known to those of ordinary skill in the art) that they are oriented horizontally, pointing in and out of the diagram. The surface wave transmission 710 can have guided wave modes, one oriented towards the diagram, while the other is vertically polarized. The horizontally polarized mode is polarized parallel to the reflector polarization vector 704 and is therefore reflected back to receiver 708 as reflected transmission 706. Meanwhile, since component 712 is not polarized in parallel to the reflector polarization vector 704, it passes through the reflector 704.

In this way, different components or modes of the wire can be selectively received by a

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DE LA MQHEDAD IQj |||, g |) f® plurality of receivers that are located in the surface wave communication system. For example, referring to Figure 1, the quasi-optical coupling device 108 may receive a particular component or mode of surface wave transmission, while the quasi-optical coupling device 110 receives a different component or mode of transmission surface wave.

In other embodiments, receiver 708 can be replaced or supplemented with a transmitter that can transmit polarized transmissions. Transmissions that are polarized parallel to the wire (horizontally polarized) can be reflected by reflector 704 and propagate like surface waves to the left along wire 702. Transmissions that are not horizontally polarized can pass through the reflector. 704 without being reflected.

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a process in connection with the systems mentioned above. The processes in Figures 8 and 9 can be implemented, for example, by means of the systems 200 and 300 that are illustrated in Figures 2-3, respectively. While for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methods are shown and described as a series of blocks, it will be understood and appreciated that the subject matter claimed is not

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Figure 8 illustrates a flow diagram of an exemplary non-limiting embodiment of a method that transmits a transmission with a quasi-optical coupler as described herein. Method 800 may start at 802 where a transmission is emitted by a transmission device to a first side of the reflector that is close to a wire, where the transmission comprises a wavelength corresponding to a millimeter waveband. The transmission that is generated by the transmitter may be based on a signal received from a base station device or a mobile device. A lens, dielectric or otherwise, can focus millimeter wave transmission into a reflector.

In 804, the transmission is reflected in a direction substantially parallel to a wire causing a reflected transmission, where the reflected transmission is a guided wave on the surface of the wire. The reflected transmission that propagates as a guided wave travels along the wire. The guided wave, or the surface wave,

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it will remain parallel to the wire even as the wire bends and flexes. Bends can increase transmission losses, which are also dependent on wire diameters, frequency, and materials.

The transmission that is emitted by the transmitter may have one or more waveguide modes. Waveguide modes may be dependent on the shape and / or design of the waveguide. After reflection by the reflector, one or more of the waveguide modes can be coupled with one or more surface wave modes of the guided surface wave. The surface wave modes may be different from the waveguide modes due to the different characteristics of the waveguide and the wire. In experimental results, when the wire circumference is comparable in size, or is larger than the transmission wavelength, the surface wave has a plurality of surface wave modes. Therefore, the surface wave can comprise more than one type of magnetic and electric field configuration. As the surface wave propagates down the wire, the plurality of magnetic and electric field configurations will remain substantially the same from end to end of the wire.

Next, with reference to Figure 9, a flow chart of a non-limiting embodiment is illustrated.

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FROM THE PROPERTY ilSlSls a, J ° I ..... b of an example of a method for receiving a transmission with a quasi-optical coupler as described herein. In 902, an arrival transmission is reflected off the wire, where the arrival transmission is a guided wave on the surface of the wire. The surface wave can be a guided wave that was transmitted by a transmitter (as shown in Figure 2) and the surface wave can have one or more modes that are associated with surface waves on a wire.

In 904, the arrival transmission is received at a receiver, where the wavelength of the arrival transmission corresponds to the millimeter waveband. After reflection by the reflector, one or more of the surface wave modes can be coupled with one or more waveguide modes that are dependent on the design and configuration of the waveguide supply at the receiver. Waveguide modes may be different from surface wave modes due to the different characteristics of the wire and the waveguide.

Next, with reference to Figure 10, a block diagram of a computing environment 1000 is illustrated in accordance with various aspects described herein.

In order to provide additional context to various modalities of the modalities that are described herein, it is intended that Figure 10 and the following

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Discussion provide a brief overview of a suitable 1000 computing environment in which various modalities of the modality described herein can be implemented. While the modalities have been described above in the general context of computer executable instructions that can be executed on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the modalities can also be implemented in combination with other program modules and / or or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally speaking, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular types of extraction data. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the inventive methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single or multi-processor computer systems, minicomputers, main computers, as well as personal computers, portable devices. computing, microprocessor based or programmable consumer electronics and the like, each of which can be docked, operatively, with one or more associated devices.

The terms first, second, third and so on, which are used in the claims, unless otherwise clear by context, are for clarity only and do not otherwise indicate or imply any order of time. For example, a first determination, a second determination, and a third determination do not indicate or imply that the first determination will be made before the second determination or vice versa, etc.

The illustrated modalities of the modalities herein can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on both local and remote memory storage devices.

Typically, computing devices include a variety of media, which may include storage media capable of being read by computer and / or communication media, in which two terms are used herein differently from each other as follows . Storage media capable of being read by the computer can be any available storage media that can be entered by the computer and include volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and nonremovable media. By way of example and without limitation, computer-readable storage media may be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storing information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data or unstructured data.

Storage media capable of being read by a computer may include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a read only memory that can be programmed and erased. electronics (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassettes, a magnetic tape, a magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and / or non-transient means that can be used to store the desired information. In this regard, the terms tangible or non-transitory herein as applied to storage media, memory or capable of being read by computer, will be understood to exclude only the transitory propagation signals known as modifiers and do not waive the rights to all the standard means of

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storage, memory or capable of being reused by computer that are not only the transitory propagation signals themselves.

Storage media capable of being read by a computer may be entered by one or more local or remote computing devices, for example, through access requests, queries or other data recovery protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to to the information stored by the medium.

Typically, the communication media includes computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, for example, a carrier wave. or other transport mechanism, and include any means of supplying or transporting information. The term modulated data signal or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed such that they encode the information in one or more signals. By way of example and without limitation, the media includes wired media, such as a wired network or direct wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media.

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Referring once again to Figure 10, the example environment 1000 for implementing various modalities of the aspects described herein includes a computer 1002, the computer 1002 in turn includes a processing unit 1004, a system memory 1006 and a system bus 1008. System bus 1008 couples system components including, but not limited to, system memory 1006 with processing unit 1004. Processing unit 1004 can be any of several commercially available processors. Dual microprocessor architectures and other multi-processor architectures can also be employed as the 1004 processing unit.

System bus 1008 can be any of several types of bus structures that can further interface with a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of commercially available structures. bus. System memory 1006 includes ROM 1010 and RAM 1012. A basic input / output system (BIOS) can be stored in non-volatile memory such as ROM, the read-only memory that can be programmed and erased (EPROM), the EEPROM, in which the BIOS contains the basic routines that help transfer information between items within the 1002 computer, such as during startup. RAM 1012 can also include high-speed RAM such as static RAM for cache data.

The 1002 computer also includes a 1014 internal hard disk drive (HDD) (for example, EIDE, SATA), the 1014 internal hard disk drive can also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), one drive magnetic floppy disk (FDD) 1016, (for example, to read or write to a removable floppy disk 1018) and an optical disk drive 1020, (for example, to read a 1022 CD-ROM disc, or for reading or writing on other high-capacity optical media such as DVD). Hard disk drive 1014, magnetic disk drive 1016, and optical disk drive 1020 can be connected to system bus 1008 by means of a hard disk drive interface 1024, a magnetic disk drive interface 1026, and an optical drive interface 1028, respectively. The 1024 interface for external drive deployments includes at least one or both of the Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 994 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are found within of the contemplated of the modalities that are described in the present.

Drives and their associated readable storage media provide non-volatile storage data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so on. For the 1002 computer, the storage drives and media adapt the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the above description of computer readable storage media refers to a hard disk drive (HDD), a removable magnetic disk, and a removable optical medium such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art in the art than other types of storage media that can be read by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, they can also be used in the example operating environment and in addition, that any storage medium can contain the instructions executable by computer for the realization of the methods that are described herein.

A number of program modules may be stored in the drives and RAM 1012, including the operating system 1030, one or more application programs 1032, other program modules 1034, and program data 1036. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules and / or data can also be on a data computer, i IVI Γ 1 '”fto

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PROPERTY IHlllO »® cached in RAM 1012. The LciiLda and lueLuuus systems described herein can be implemented using various commercially available operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

The user may enter commands and information to computer 1002 through one or more wired / wireless input devices, for example, a 1038 keyboard and a pointing device, such as a 1040 mouse. Other input devices (not shown ) may include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a game lever, a game pad, an electronic pen, a touch screen, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 1004 through an input device interface 1042 that can be coupled with the system bus 1008, although they can be connected through other interfaces, such as a parallel port. , an IEEE 1394 serial port, a gaming port, a universal serial bus (USB) port, an IR interface, etc.

A monitor 1044 or other type of display device can also be connected to the system bus 1008 via an interface, such as a 1046 video adapter. In addition to monitor 1044, a computer typically includes other peripheral devices. output (not shown), such as speakers, printers, iVl Γ 1 Rl · * '' 'Άο * AWJ1. Jt A .........................

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etc.

Computer 1002 can operate in an interconnected environment using logical connections via wired and / or wireless communications with one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 1048.

Remote 1048 computers can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, a laptop, a microprocessor-based entertainment device, an end device, or other network node, and include, in Typically, most or all of the items described in relation to computer 1002, although, for brevity, only the memory / storage device is illustrated. The logical connections that are represented include wired / wireless connectivity to a 1052 local area network (LAN) and / or larger networks, for example, a 1054 wide area network (WAN). These LAN and WAN interconnect environments are Common in offices and companies, they facilitate extensive networks of business computers, such as internal networks, all of which can connect to a global communications network, for example, the Internet.

When used in an interconnected environment

LAN, computer 1002 can be connected to local network 1052 through a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 1056. The i IVI adapter Γ 1 · 8βιβ *^:: '”« Ο

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1056 It can facilitate wired or wireless communication with the 1052 LAN, which can also include a wireless AP located in it for communication with the 1056 wireless adapter.

When used in an interconnected environment

WAN, computer 1002 can include a 1058 modem or can be connected to a communication server on the WAN

1054 or have other means to establish communications through WAN 1054, such as through the Internet.

Modem 1058, which can be internal or external, and a wired or wireless device can be connected to system bus 1008 via interface input device 1042. In an interconnected environment, the program modules that are represented relative to computer 1002, or portions thereof, may be stored in remote memory / storage device 1050. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and that other means of establishing a communication link between computers may be used.

Computer 1002 can be operated to communicate with any type of wireless devices or entities operatively located in wireless communication, for example, a printer, a scanner, a desktop and / or laptop type computer, a

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hotel room or conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi technology is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables these devices, for example, computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b, g, n, ac, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, and fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other with the Internet and to wired networks (which can use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in 2.4 and 5 GHz unlicensed radio bands, at a data rate of 11 Mbps (802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b), for example, or with products that contain both bands (dual band ), so networks can provide real-world performance similar to lOBaseT wired Ethernet networks that are used in many offices.

An example embodiment is presented in Figure 11.

1100 of a mobile network platform 1110 that can implement and exploit one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter that is described herein. Generally, the wireless network platform 1110 may include disparate components, eg, nodes, gateways, interfaces, servers, or platforms, that facilitate packet switched (PS) traffic (eg, the protocol for

Internet (IP), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)) and circuit switched (CS) traffic (eg voice and data), as well as generation of control for wireless interconnected telecommunication. As a non-limiting example, the wireless network platform 1110 can be included in telecommunications carrier networks and can be considered as the carrier-side components as discussed elsewhere herein. The mobile network platform 1110 includes the CS 1112 gateway nodes that can interconnect CS traffic received from legacy networks such as 1140 telephony networks (for example, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), the land mobile network (PLMN)) or Signaling System Network # 7 (SS7) 1170.

Circuit-switched gateway nodes 1112 can authorize and authenticate the traffic (eg, voice) that is generated from these networks. Additionally, the CS 1112 gateway nodes can access the mobility or roaming data that is generated through the SS7 1170 network; for example, mobility data stored in a visited location record (VLR), which may reside in memory 1130. In addition, CS 1112 gateway nodes interconnect CS traffic and base signaling and ΡΞ 1118 gateway nodes. As an example, in a 3 GPP UMTS network, CS 1112 gateway nodes can be realized at least in part on the gateway GPRS support nodes (GGSN). It should be appreciated that the specific functionality and operation of the CS 1112 gateway nodes , the PS 1118 gateway nodes, and the 1116 service nodes are provided and enforced by radio technologies that are used by the mobile network platform 1110 for the telecommunication.

In addition to receiving and processing CS-switched traffic and signaling, PS 1118 gateway nodes can authorize and authenticate PS base data sessions with served mobile devices. Data sessions may include traffic or content exchanged with networks outside the network platform

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DE LA MÍIHEDAD wireless 1110, such as 1150 wide area networks (WAN), 1170 business networks and 1180 service networks, which can be included in local area networks (LAN), can also be interconnected with the platform mobile network 1110 through the PS 1118 gateway nodes. It will be appreciated that WAN 1150 and enterprise networks 1160 may include, at least in part, service networks such as the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Based on the radio technology layers available in technology resources 1117, packet switched gateway nodes 1118 can generate packet data protocol contexts when a data session is established; Other data structures that facilitate routing of packet data can also be generated. For this purpose, in one aspect, PS 1118 gateway nodes may include a tunnel interface (eg, a tunnel termination gateway (TTG) in 3 GPP UMTS networks (not shown)) that can facilitate communication. packet with disparate wireless networks such as Wi-Fi networks.

In mode 1100, the wireless network platform 1110 also includes service nodes 1116 that transport, depending on the available layers of radio technology within technology resources 1117, the different packet streams of the received data streams through the PS 1118 gateway nodes. It will

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Service GPRS (SGSN).

For radio technologies that exploit packet communication, servers 1114 on wireless network platform 1110 can run numerous applications that can generate multiple disparate packet or stream data streams and can handle or manage (eg, schedule, query , format ...,) these flows.

These applications may include additional features to the standard services (for example, provisioning, billing, customer support ...), which are provided by the 1110 wireless network platform.

Data streams (eg content that is part of a voice call or data session) can be transmitted to PS 1118 gateway nodes for authorization / authentication and initiation of a data session and to service nodes 1116 for subsequent communication. In addition to the application server, the servers

1114 may include utility servers, a server

The utilities may include a provisioning server, an operations and maintenance server, a firewall that can implement at least in part a certified authority and firewall, as well as other security mechanisms, and the like. In one aspect, firewalls secure the communications served through the 1110 wireless network platform to ensure network operation and data integrity in addition to the authorization and authentication procedures that can be performed by CS gateway nodes 1112 and the PS 1118 gateway nodes. In addition, provisioning servers can provide services from external networks such as networks operated by a trigger service provider; for example, WAN 1150 or Global Positioning System (GPS) networks (not shown). Provisioning servers can also provide coverage through networks associated with the 1110 wireless network platform (for example, deployed and operated by the same service provider), such as femto-cell networks (not shown) that improve wireless service coverage within confined interior spaces and off-load RAN resources for the purpose of enhancing the subscriber's service experience within a home environment or business through EU 1175.

It will be noted that 1114 servers can

I include one or more processors configured to confer at least in part the functionality of the 1110 macro network platform. For this purpose, one or more of the processors may execute code instructions that are stored, for example, in memory 1130. It should It should be appreciated that servers 1114 may include a content handler 1115 that operates in substantially the same manner as described herein above.

In example mode 1100, memory 1130 can store information related to the operation of wireless network platform 1110. Other operational information may include the provisioning information of the mobile devices served through the 1110 wireless platform network, the subscriber databases; application intelligence, pricing schemes, eg promotional rates, uniform programs, coupon campaigns; the technical specifications consistent with the telecommunication protocols for the operation of the radio shoot, or the layers of wireless technology; and so on. Memory 1130 can also store information from at least one of the 1140 telephony networks, the WAN 1150, the corporate networks 1160, or the SS7 1170 network. In one aspect, memory 1130 may be entered, for example, as part of a data storage component or as memory storage i ίVI Γ 1 · * ιΐΒ ^^:: '”« Or j. x »a chi λ. j / inca

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In order to provide the context for the different aspects of the subject matter described in Figure 11 and in the following discussion, it is intended to provide a brief overview of the appropriate environment in which the different aspects of the subject matter described can be implemented. While the subject has been previously described in the general context of the computer-executable instructions of a computer program running on a computer and / or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the described subject may also be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally speaking, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks and / or implement particular types of extract data.

In this specification, terms such as warehouse, storage, data warehouse, data warehouse, database, and substantially any other information storage component relevant to the operation and functionality of a component, refer to components memory, or entities included in a memory or the components that comprise the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components that are described herein can be either

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DE LA MOHEDA!) A volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory or may include both volatile memory and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration and without limitation, a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, a disk storage and a memory storage. Additionally, nonvolatile memory can be included in a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or a memory flash type. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as an external cache memory. By way of illustration and without limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as Synchronous RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Dual Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) , Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronized Link DRAM (SLDRAM), and Rambus Direct RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the written memory components of the systems or methods herein are intended to understand, without being limited to, understanding these and any other suitable types of memory.

Furthermore, it will be noted that the subject matter described may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single or multi-processor computer systems, mini computing devices, main computers, as well as personal computers, portable computing devices ( for example, PDA, phone, watch, tablet computers, 'notebook' type laptops, ...), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronic devices and the like. The aspects that are illustrated can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the present disclosure can be practiced on separate computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located on both local and remote memory storage devices.

The modalities described herein may employ artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate the automation of one or more of the features that are described herein. The modalities (for example, in connection with the acquired automatic identification cell sites then provide a maximum value / benefit after being added to an existing communication network) may employ various AI base schemes for performing the various modalities of the same. Furthermore, the classifier can be used to determine the classification or priority of each cell site in the acquired network. A classifier is a function that maps an input attribute vector, x = (xl, x2, x3, x4, ..., xn), with an acceptance to which the input belongs to the class that is, f ( x) = acceptance (class). This classification can use a probabilistic and / or statistical based analysis (for example, factoring in profits and costs) to forecast or infer an action that the user wants to be performed, automatically. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be used. SVM operates by searching for a hyper surface in the space of possible inputs, in which the hyper surface tries to divide the activation criteria of the non-activation events. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for the data test that is nearby, although these are not identical to the training data. Other direct and indirect model classification procedures may be employed include, for example, native Bayes networks, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, confusing logic models, and probabilistic classification models that provide different patterns of independence. The classification as used herein is also inclusive of the regression

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As will also be readily appreciated, one or more of the modalities may employ classifiers that are explicitly trained (eg, through generic training data) as well as implicitly trained (eg, via from observing UE behavior, operator preferences, historical information, extrinsic reception information). For example, SVMs can be configured through a learning or training phase within a classifier constructor and feature selection module. In this way, classifiers can be used to automatically learn and perform a number of functions, including but not limited to determining according to a predetermined criterion which of the acquired cell sites will benefit the maximum number. of subscribers and / or which of the acquired cell sites will add the minimum value to existing coverage of the communication network, etc.

As used in this application, in some embodiments, the terms component, system, and the like are intended to refer to or include a computer-related entity or an operating device-related entity with one or more specific functionality, i ÍVI i 1 w »·¹* «Or

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DE LA MONEDAD ΐΟΐΙΐ, Β · * ® where the entity can be the entire hardware, a combination of hardware and software, the software, or the running software. As an example, a component could be, but is not limited to being a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a running thread, computer-executable instructions, a program, and / or a computer. By way of illustration and without limitation, both the application running on a server and on the server may be a component. One or more components could reside within a processor and / or thread of execution and a component could be located on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. Furthermore, these components can be run from various computer readable media that have various data structures stored on them. The components could communicate by means of local and / or remote processes such as according to a signal that has one or more data packets (for example, data from a component that interacts with another component in a local system, in a distributed system and / or through a network such as the Internet with other systems through the signal). As another example, a component may be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by a set of electrical or electronic circuits, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, where the processor may be internal or external to the device and can run at least part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component may be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, electronic components may include a processor therein to run the software or firmware that at least partially confers the functionality of electronic components. While various components have been illustrated as separate components, it will be appreciated that multiple components can be implemented as a single component, or that a single component can be implemented as multiple components, without departing from the example embodiments.

In addition, the various modalities can be implemented as a manufacturing method, apparatus, or article that uses standard programming and / or design techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof in order to control a computer to implement the material. described. The term article of manufacture as used herein is intended to include a computer program accessible from any device capable of being read by computer or storage / communication media&gt; i&gt;

capable of being read by computer. For example, computer readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (eg, a hard drive, floppy disk, magnetic strips), optical discs (eg, a compact disc (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD)), smart cards, and memory devices (for example, a card, a self-hold, a code unit). Obviously, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications can be made to this configuration without departing from the scope or spirit of the various modalities.

Furthermore, example and example words are used herein that mean the service as an instance or illustration. Any modality or design that is described herein as exemplary or exemplary will not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other modalities or designs. Rather, it is intended that the use of the word example or example presents the concepts in a concrete way. As used in this application, the term o is intended to mean an or of inclusion rather than an or of exclusion. That is, unless otherwise specified or clarified from the context, the term X employs A or B is intended to mean any of the natural permutations of inclusion. That is, if X uses A; X employs Β; or X uses both A and B, so X uses

A or B is satisfied according to any of the previous instances. In addition, Articles one and one as used in this application and the appended claims are to be interpreted, generally, to mean one or more unless otherwise specified or clarified from the context so as to be addressed in a singular manner. .

In addition, terms such as user equipment, mobile station, mobile, subscriber station, access terminal, terminal, handset, mobile device (and / or terms that represent similar terminology) may refer to a wireless device used by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or transmit a data stream, control, voice, video, sound, games or substantially any data stream or signaling stream. The above terms are used herein, interchangeably and with reference to related figures.

Furthermore, the terms user, subscriber, customer, consumer and the like are used interchangeably throughout the text, unless the context guarantees particular differences between the terms. It should be appreciated that these terms may refer to human entities or automatic components that are supported through artificial intelligence (for example, the ability to make an inference based on at least complex mathematical formalisms), which can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so on.

As used herein, the term processor may refer, in any substantial way, to any computing processing unit or device that it comprises, but is not limited to comprising single core processors; unique processors with multi-tasking software execution capabilities; multi-core processors capable of multi-tasking software execution; multi-core processors with multi-area hardware technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor may refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate series (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC) , a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate, or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or any combination thereof that are designed to perform the functions described in the

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DE LA MQHEDAD üB ||||, g | rC) present. Processors can exploit hand-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular-based and quantum-point transistors, switches, and gates, for the purpose of optimizing space usage or improving user equipment performance. A processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.

As used herein, terms such as data storage, data storage, database, and substantially any other information storage component relevant to the operation and functionality of a component, refer to the components of memory, or entities included in a memory or components that comprise the memory. It will be appreciated that the computer readable memory components or storage media, which are described herein, may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile memory and nonvolatile memory.

What has been previously described includes simple examples of. Obviously, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for the purpose of describing these examples, although a person of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many additional combinations and permutations of

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DE LA MOHEDAD ÑB ||||, g | rC) the present modalities. Accordingly, the embodiments described and / or claimed herein are intended to include all alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term includes is used either in the detailed description or in the claims, this term is intended to be inclusive in a similar way as the term "comprising" since the term "comprising" is interpreted when used as a transition word in a claim.

It is noted that in relation to this date, a better method known by the applicant to put the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.

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