Systems and methods for assembling redox flow battery reactor cells.

(54) Title: SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING REDOX FLOW BATTERY REACTOR CELLS.

(54) Title: SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING REDOX FLOW BATTERY REACTOR CELLS.

(57) Summary

A reactor assembly for a redox flow battery system is described. The steering assembly can include a plurality of outer frames, a plurality of lower frames, and a rib and channel interlocking system integrated into the plurality of outer frames and the plurality of inner frames. In certain embodiments, the rib and channel interlocking system can be configured to create a plurality of seal systems spanning an outer circumference of an electrolyte compartment when the plurality of outer frames and the plurality of inner frames are compressed together in one configuration stack.

(57) Abstract

A reactor assembly for a redox flow battery system is disclosed. The reactor assembly may inelude a plurality of outer trames, a plurality of inner trames, and a rib and channel interlock system integrated in the plurality of outer trames and the plurality of inner trames. In certain embodiments, the rib and channel interlock system may be configured to create a plurality of seal systems enclosing an outer circumference of an electrolyte compartment when the plurality of outer trames and the plurality of inner trames are compressed together in a stack configuration.

IMPI. : r. ·.

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PATENT TITLE No. 358374

Owner (s): JD HOLDING INC.

Home:

Scotia Center, 4th Floor, KY1-1112, George Town, Grand Cayman, CAYMAN ISLANDS

<td>Denomination:</td><td>SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING REDOX FLOW BATTERY REACTOR CELLS.</td>

Classification

Inventor (s):

CIP: H01M8 / 20 · '-:

CPC: HOWI8 / 20; H01M8 / 188 RICKY BLACKÉR; GARY LEPP. **^;£

<img file="MX358374B_D0002.tif" />

Number:

MX / a / 2014/003414

Country;

US

International:

í '

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I laughed

... Λ '

Expiration Date *, September 14, 2032: '-M

Issue Date: 16-Dec 2018 '' AP / * · „'

The patent of referenoia, so, q0 ^ ga based on articles 1 and "M" the kpf of Industrial Property.

In accordance with arfealo 2B of the Law of Pro ^ íed ^ tjn ^^ la, g [gyíe peléate tjdhujpá 4genc »de twenty ^ f ^ tpforrogables, counted from the date of presentsirfb 48 the solidtM'inteeqacKW and estarJlfl | eB ^ payment ^ JOFritai ^^ úgftteeier vigerl |; sl ^ htetechos.

Who subscribes the present title lomacéÍcen fundMtiépto en loflahuesí ».fwUaU idÚlÓs 6 °. traocioqg £ III and 7 ° Sis 2-de latéy of Industrial Property (Official Gazette of the Federation <0® ^) -. 27/08/1991 reformed on '¿2B8Í1994, ¢ / 10 ^ 896, 12/26/1897 , 17/85/1999, 01/26/2004, 06/16/2005, 01/25/2006, 06/05/2009, 06/01/2010, 1§ ^ / 40O, ¿8 / O6 / 2O.lOf 27 /S|/2012.®Sp4í2012, βΐ / Ο§ ^ ββ and 13¿03pqm ¿rticjáos 1 “. 3 'fraction V subsection a). 4^orand 12 “fractions I and III of the Regulation d ^ Mristd ^ to Ü® | ieanod ^ J # Pro | fleSadJncH | ^ iár (D.uT. 1 ^ 2/1 ^ 87jamed on 07/01/2002, 07/15/2007 2004, 07/28/2004 and 09/07/2007); articles 1 “, 3 °, 4« 7 jMracoifc Wnciso aJ * W> »awteltgt I yJMlStdel ^ atu« /> Organic of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 27/12/1999, reftWnadn ^ f'ltfWÍW ^ eTyyO ^ -₃or _{and 5}or _{lncjs0 a) of}| Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy Directors General, OficinasνΛ s Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors,

Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates ¿felAwttWté Méxlqsnoje,. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000,

07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007)? . ·" , one

This letter is signed with an advanced electronic signature (FIEL), based on articles 7 BIS 2 of the Industrial Property Law; 3 of its Regulations, and 1 section III, 2 section V, 26 BIS and 26 TER of the Agreement establishing the guidelines for the use of the Electronic Payment and Services Portal (PASE) of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, in the procedures indicated.

Validity: Twenty years

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THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS

NAHANNY CANAL REYES

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Original string:

NAHANNY MARISOL CANAL REYES | 00001000000403252793 | Administration Service

Tax | 1695 || MX / 2018/70140 | MX / a / 2014/003414 | PCT patent title | 1223 | GAGV | Page (s) | 0E Y7QY96GEj180eJwjpJ UhS0xSk =

Digital Stamp lproujVqV3LOI7tZMxmvas3v7EROEwuj3b5KFRsmDY / v1YepHsbWUaFOGQOOtlkho3if8L2uflCGFIvsDY6kQblOqV

RU3FxPJx6QMMj4x6KR3ZvWmDoinMIWu6TAZ + LkSxyuHuk + / + ZI6B0cfmSsCOyPf1Ox0nXO6JldlsApexxidHeTcAmln and bO¡Ejsuuy3yamCVm / HMInlYykOsOi7JV7 + o6NWNIt43bD4XVDaW3HMcfOi5xhcoR88HREwwqZbztZun + 67mMoa2w xRSyN7WmtqJbCD4VP / M9borvXZGuLir885gKVLI6mvQlvkBsokCSVVoVHa1KpuP85pR2tsSblw ==

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Arenal No. 550. roso>. lO / ebio Santa Mana fepepan, Xochimilco 16020.

Αίΐιιί.ίίΐ from Mexico

1555,, 13411/00 vAw.gob.mx/impi

MX / 2018/70140

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SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING REACTOR CELLS

3583-9^

REDOX FLOW BATTERY

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This description relates to redox flow battery systems and, more particularly, to a design for a redox flow battery energy storage system reactor cell.

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive modalities of the description are described, including various modalities of the description with reference to the figures, where:

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a redox battery energy storage system consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 2 illustrates an exploded view of a reactor cell assembly of a redox flow battery energy storage system consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 3 illustrates a plurality of reactor stack cells consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of a multiple sealing system consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 5 illustrates a top perspective view of a portion of an outer frame of a stack of

Ref. 247298

IMPI

<img file="MX358374B_D0009.tif" />

a cross-sectional view of a reactor including modality seals described herein.

Figure 6 illustrates a plurality of reactor stack cells including consistent integrated seals.

Figure 7 upper of a reactor box including an illustrates an exterior perspective view of an interior O-ring channel stack cell consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an outer frame of a reactor stack cell including an inner O-ring channel consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 9 illustrates a bottom perspective view of an outer frame of a reactor stack cell including an outer O-ring channel consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an outer frame of a reactor stack cell including an outer O-ring channel consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an assembled flow cell battery including a plurality of reactor cells consistent with embodiments described herein.

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

DF. THE PXOHSOAD

INDUSTRIAL

<img file="MX358374B_D0010.tif" />

Figure 12 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled flow cell battery including a plurality of reactor cells consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 13 illustrates a perspective view of negative electrolyte flow through a reactor cell stack consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 14 illustrates a perspective view of positive electrolyte flow through a reactor cell stack consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 15 illustrates an interior frame of a reactor stack cell including flexible corners consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 16 illustrates a cross sectional view of a membrane securing design for a reactor stack cell consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 17 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electrode lock design for a reactor cell stack consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 18 illustrates a perspective view of an outer frame of a reactor stack cell including guides for positioning other reactor stack cell components consistent with embodiments described herein.

Figure 19 illustrates a perspective view of an inner frame of a reactor stack cell including t

<img file="MX358374B_D0011.tif" />

IMPI (NSTfTUTO MEXICANO L'E Ln PROPERTY

IN. '.' USTFJAL guides for placing other reactor stack cell components consistent with modalities described herein.

Figure 20 illustrates a perspective view of a packaging system for sealing areas of a reactor stack cell consistent with modalities described herein.

The modalities of the description will be better understood by reference to the figures. It will be readily understood that the components of the disclosed embodiments, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the modalities of the systems and methods of the description are not intended to limit the scope of the description, as claimed, but is merely representative of possible modalities of the description. Furthermore, the steps of a method do not necessarily need to be executed in any specific order, or even sequentially, nor do the steps need to be executed only once, unless otherwise specified.

In some cases, well-known features, structures, or operations are not shown or described in detail. Furthermore, the described features, structures or operations can be combined in any suitable way in one or more modalities. It will also be easily understood that the components of the modalities as

IMPI

<img file="MX358374B_D0012.tif" />

Generally described and illustrated in the figures here they could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Energy storage systems such as rechargeable batteries are an important part of electrical power systems, particularly electrical power systems supplied by wind turbine generators, photovoltaic cells, or the like. They fear energy storage systems can be used to enable power arbitrage to sell and buy power during low-demand conditions, such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), in power quality applications, and to provide power backup. Redox flow battery energy storage systems, and particularly vanadium redox flow battery energy storage systems (VRB-ESS), can be used in such electrical power systems. A redox flow battery energy storage system can quickly respond to loads

<td>changeable,</td><td>how</td><td>is required</td><td>conventionally</td><td>at UPS and</td>

<td>Applications</td><td>of</td><td>quality of</td><td colspan="2">energy, and also can</td>

<td>conf igure</td><td>for</td><td>have a great</td><td>capacity like</td><td>is required</td>

conventionally in power arbitration and backup power applications.

A battery energy storage system

<img file="MX358374B_D0013.tif" />

<img file="MX358374B_D0014.tif" />

Redox flow generates electrical energy by passing anolyte and catholyte electrolyte solutions through reactor cells. Anolyte and catholyte solutions can be collectively described herein as reactants or reactant electrolytes. A redox flow battery energy storage system can include one or more reactor cells depending on the energy demands of the system and, consistent with the modalities described here, can use varying amounts of electrolytic solution based on the capacity needs of system power. In certain embodiments, the number and cross-sectional area of ​​the reactor cells within the redox flow battery energy storage system can determine the amount of instantaneous energy that the system is capable of producing. In addition, the volume of anolyte and catholyte electrolyte solutions available to the redox flow battery energy storage system can determine its energy storage and production capacity.

Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a redox flow battery energy storage system 100 and, more specifically, a VRB-ESS, consistent with embodiments described herein. The redox flow battery energy storage system 100 may include one or more

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reactor 102

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a

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has

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compartment

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Negative 104 with a negative electrode 108 and a positive compartment 110 with a positive electrode 112. Negative compartment 104 may include an anolyte solution 114 in electrical communication with negative electrode 108. In certain embodiments, anolyte solution 114 is an electrolyte containing specified redox ions that are in a reduced state and are to be oxidized during the discharge procedure from cell 102, or are in an oxidized state and are to be reduced during the procedure of charging a cell 102, or that they are a mixture of these last reduced ions and the ions to be reduced. Positive compartment 110 contains a catholyte solution 116 in electrical communication with positive electrode 112. Catolyte solution 116 is an electrolyte containing specified redox ions that are in an oxidized state and are to be reduced during the discharge procedure of a cell 102, or in a reduced state, and will be oxidized during cell 102 charging procedure, which are a mixture of these oxidized ions and the ions to be oxidized. In certain embodiments, the anolyte and catholyte solutions 114, 116 can be prepared consistent with the disclosure of US Patent Nos. 4,786,567, 6,143,443, 6,468,688, and 6,562,514, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, or by other known techniques . Although the flow battery energy storage system

<img file="MX358374B_D0020.tif" />

&lt;

Redox illustrated in Figure 1 is described herein for illustrative purposes as being a Vanadium based system, other reactant solutions may be used.

Each cell 102 of the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 may include an ionically conductive separator 118 (eg, a membrane) disposed between the positive negative compartments 104, 110 and in contact with the anolyte and catholyte solutions 114, 116 to provide ionic communication between them. In certain embodiments, separator 118 can serve as a proton exchange membrane.

In some embodiments, additional anolyte solution 120 may be retained in one in storage tank with fluid communication from negative compartment 104 through an anolyte supply line 112 and an anolyte return line 1

124. The anolyte storage tank

120 It can include a tank, bladder, or any other similar storage container. Anolyte supply line 122 can communicate with a pump 126 and a heat exchanger 128. Pump 126 can allow fluid movement of anolyte solution 114 through supply line 122 from anolyte reservoir 120, negative compartment 104 , and return line 124. In some embodiments, pump 126 may have a variable speed to allow for variance in

<img file="MX358374B_D0021.tif" />

the flow rate generated. Heat exchanger 128 can be configured to transfer heat generated from anolyte solution 114 to a fluid or gas medium. In some embodiments, supply line 122 may include one or more supply line valves 130 to control the volume flow of anolyte solution 114. Return line 124 may communicate with one or more return line valves 132 that control the volumetric return flow.

In some embodiments, additional catholyte solution 116 may be retained in a catholyte storage tank 134 that is in fluid communication with positive compartment 110 through a catholyte supply line 136 and a catholyte return line 138. The line Catolyte supply 136 can communicate with a pump 134 and a heat exchanger 142. Pump 14 0, which in some embodiments may be a variable speed pump to allow for variance in the generated flow rate, may allow movement or fluid in the catholyte solution 116 through the catholyte reservoir 134, supply line 136, positive compartment 110, and return line 138. Heat exchanger 142 can be configured to transfer heat generated from the catholyte solution 116 to a fluid or gas medium. In some embodiments, supply line 136 may include one or

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<img file="MX358374B_D0022.tif" />

plus supply line valves 144 for —controlling— the volumetric flow of catholyte solution 116. Return line 138 may communicate with one or more return line valves 146 that control the return volumetric flow.

The negative and positive electrodes 108, 112 may be in electrical communication with a power source 148 and a load 150. A power source switch 152 may be arranged in series between the power source 14 8 and each negative electrode 108. Similarly, a load switch 154 may be arranged in series between box 150 and each negative electrode 108. Alternative configurations are possible, and the specific configuration of the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 illustrated in Figure 1 is provided as an illustrative configuration of many possible configurations consistent with embodiments described herein.

While the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 is charging, the power source switch 152 can be closed and the charging switch 154 can be opened. Pump 126 can pump the anolyte solution 114 through the negative compartment.

104 and the anolyte storage tank 120 through anolyte supply and return lines 122, 124.

Simultaneously, pump 140 can pump the catholyte solution 116 through positive compartment 110 and

<img file="MX358374B_D0023.tif" />

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE INCCSTkLA PROflEDAO '.

Catolyte storage tank 134 via catolite return supply lines 136, 138. Each cell 102 of the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 can be charged by supplying electrical power from power source 148 to the electrodes negative and positive 108, 112, for example, by supplying divalent vanadium ions in the anolyte 114 solution and equivalent pentavalent vanadium ions in the catholyte 116 solution.

Electricity can be drawn from each reactor cell 102 of the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 by closing the load switch 154 and opening the power source switch 152. This causes the load 150, which is in communication electric with negative and positive electrodes 108, 112, extracts electrical energy when anolyte and catholyte solution are pumped through cell 102 respectively. In certain embodiments, the operation of the various components of the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 can be controlled by an electronic monitoring and control system (not shown). In addition, energy drawn from the redox flow battery energy storage system 100 may be conditioned using conditioning equipment (not shown) before being supplied to the load 150. In certain embodiments, it may also be incorporated,_sflushing a power conversion system (not shown) to convert DC power output from reactor cell 102 to AC power required by load 150.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of a reactor cell assembly 2 00 of a redox flow battery energy storage system consistent with embodiments described herein. As illustrated, the reactor stack assembly 200 may comprise an outer frame 202, filter sheets 204, an ionic separator

<img file="MX358374B_D0024.tif" />

certain inner frame 208, and an electrode 210. In embodiments, the components

<img file="MX358374B_D0025.tif" />

200 level reactor can be included in a prime account

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materials.

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Thus, the

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before reactor can

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components

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procedure allowing fewer components

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more modern manufacturing.

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reactor

<img file="MX358374B_D0034.tif" />

can be assembled in the order shown in Figure 2. A sheet of felt 204 can be placed within the outer frame 202, thereby creating a permeable compartment (eg, a negative or positive compartment) between a membrane 206 placed on top of felt sheet 204 and a bi-pole from another stack assembly (not shown). Inner frame 208 can then be placed on top of

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<img file="MX358374B_D0035.tif" />

an inner edge of the outer frame 2CL2 — and — utá.-ürzar'se to ™ secure the membrane 206 between the outer frame 202 and the inner frame

208. In some modalities, the outer frame

202 and inner frame 208 can be coupled using one or more channel ribs, as described in detail below. A second sheet of felt 204 can then be placed over the assembly, defining another permeable compartment (eg, the positive negative compartment) between the membrane 206 and an electrode 210 (eg, an anode or a cathode). In some embodiments, components 202-210 can be aligned in the reactor cell assembly

200 using guides or other devices integrated in the outer frame 202 and the inner frame 208, as described below. In preferred embodiments, components 202-210 of reactor cell assembly 200 can be configured to be coupled in series with other reactor cell assemblies, thereby creating a multi-cell redox flow battery energy storage system.

In some embodiments, the outer frame 202 and the inner frame 208 may be composed of a plastic and / or polymer material.

In certain embodiments, the outer frame 202 and the inner frame 208 may be composed of a material that does not degrade significantly under normal operation of the

<img file="MX358374B_D0036.tif" />

IMPI (NSTiTime mujo no

D £ UA PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAD — ftrrfts — íedóX 'battery energy storage. For example, outer frame 202 and inner frame 208 may be composed of a material that does not degrade significantly over time resulting in contact with the electrolytic solution.

In certain embodiments, outer frame 202 and inner frame 208 can be manufactured using an injection molding process. In some embodiments, the outer frame 202 and the inner frame 208 can be constructed such that the material wall thickness of any part of the frames 202, 208 is substantially similar to allow for consistent molding of the frames 202, 208. In certain embodiments, ribs and channels integrated in the outer frame 202 and / or bottom frame 208 can be configured to interlock when the outer frame 202 is engaged with the inner frame 208. By interlocking ribs and channels integrated in the outer frame 202 and / or or inner frame 208, thicker and / or structural frame portions can be created. In certain embodiments, the outer frame 202 and / or the inner frame 208 can comprise polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and / or other similar materials. In additional embodiments, the outer frame 202 and / or the inner frame 208 can be configured using a turning procedure.

Felt sheets 204 can be configured to define compartments (eg, negative or positive compartments) in reactor cell assembly 200 that are permeable by electrolytic solutions (eg, anolyte and / or catholyte solutions). Felt sheets

<img file="MX358374B_D0037.tif" />

204 they can also be configured to provide a conductive path between bipole electrodes (eg, electrode 210) and electrolytic solution. In some embodiments, the felt sheets 204 may comprise a plurality of conductive fibers. In certain embodiments, when saturated with electrolytic solution, the felt sheets 204 can allow a uniform flow of electrolytic solution through the defining cell compartments. Felt sheets 204 may comprise, for example, materials including graphite and / or carbon fibers.

Membrane 206 can be an ionically conductive spacer configured to provide ionic communication between anolyte and catholyte electrolyte solutions arranged on each side of

<td>modalities,</td><td>the</td><td>membrane</td><td> 206</td>

<td>membrane of</td><td colspan="2">exchange</td><td>of</td>

<td>modalities,</td><td>the</td><td>membrane</td><td> 206</td>

prevent membrane 206. In certain it can be configured as a proton. In addition, in some it may be configured for mixing electrolytic solutions (for example, anolyte and catholyte solutions) arranged on either side of membrane 206.

<img file="MX358374B_D0038.tif" />

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

THE PKOPIPOAD

Electrode 210 can. configured to provide a conductive path between each cell in a stacked assembly. In some embodiments, electrode 210 may be comprised of a conductive metallic material. Furthermore, electrode 210 can be configured to prevent mixing of electrolyte solutions arranged on either side of electrode 2 10 between cells. In certain embodiments, electrode 210 may be comprised of graphite and / or carbon powder, fibers, and / or flakes bonded with a polymer material designed not to degrade significantly when exposed to the electrolytic solution. In some embodiments, the polymer material can comprise ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, epoxy, and / or other similar materials.

Figure 3 illustrates a plurality of reactor stack cells 300 consistent with embodiments described herein. As discussed above, in preferred embodiments, components 202-210 10 of reactor cell assembly 200 illustrated in Figure 2 can be configured to be coupled in series with other reactor cell assemblies. Thus, as shown in Figure 3, the individual reactor cell assemblies 200 comprising an outer frame 202, a felt sheet 204, a membrane 206, an inner frame 208, another felt sheet

<img file="MX358374B_D0039.tif" />

204, and an electrode 210 can be stacked in series with any number of other reactor cell assemblies to form a multiple cell stack.

In some embodiments, the outer frames 202 and the inner frames 208 can be coupled using one or more rib and channel connections integrated into the frames 202, 208, thereby securing other components of the stack assembly (eg, felt sheets 204, membranes 206, and electrodes 210) within frames 202, 208. The rib and channel connections integrated into the frames 202, 208 can further function to align the components 202210 of the reactor cell assemblies 200 included in the reactor stack cells 300. In certain embodiments, using rib and channel connections can also allow reactor stack cells 300 to be securely attached using a mechanical fastening system (not shown) or other mechanical means rather than using adhesives between frames 202, 208. Using a mechanical clamping system can, in some embodiments, allow for modernized fabrication of reactor stack cells 300 and reduce fabrication time associated with adhesive curing.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of a multiple sealing system 400 consistent with embodiments described herein. In some modalities, the sealing system

IMPI

Mf MICA INSTITUTE ΗΟ

<img file="MX358374B_D0040.tif" />

400 illustrated may be integrated into outer frame 212 and / or inner frame 208 and used to substantially confine electrolytic solution within a negative and / or positive compartment of a reactor cell assembly 200. That is, the illustrated sealing system 400 It can be used to prevent external leakage of electrolytic solution from a reactor cell assembly.

As shown, the sealing system 400 may include a primary seal 402 encompassing a primary compartment 406 which, consistent with modalities described herein, may contain an electrolytic solution (eg, anolyte or catholyte solution) and functions as a negative compartment or positive from a reactor cell. In certain embodiments, this primary compartment 406 may be at a higher pressure than the surrounding compartments and / or external atmospheric pressure. Accordingly, the primary seal 402 can be a high pressure seal configured to contain electrolytic solution at high pressures. In some embodiments, the higher pressure may be attributable to electrolytic solution that is pumped through primary compartment 406 during operation of the redox flow battery energy storage system. Electrolytic solution may be pumped into primary compartment 406 through one or more electrolyte inlet manifolds (not shown). Similarly, the solution

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE ΠΕ U HROMDAr fNDU> 'T «U / -i

<img file="MX358374B_D0041.tif" />

Electrolytic may be pumped out of primary compartment 406 through one or more electrolytic solution outlet manifolds (not shown).

A secondary seal 404 can span primary seal 402, thereby creating a secondary compartment 708 between primary seal 402 and secondary seal 404. In some embodiments, secondary seal 404 can be configured to capture electrolytic solution that leaks through the seal Primary 402 and store the filtered electrolyte solution in the secondary compartment 408. In this way, the secondary compartment 408 can function as a drip tray for any leakage from the primary seal 402. In certain embodiments, the secondary compartment

408 it can be configured to capture an amount of electrolyte solution that corresponds to several filtered drops of electrolyte solution per day over a long period (for example, a period of months).

In additional embodiments, the secondary compartment 408 may be to the primary compartment 406, the possibility of lower pressure leaking than thereby reducing the electrolytic solution through the secondary seal 404. In some embodiments, the secondary compartment 408 may be at external ambient or atmospheric pressure.

*

<img file="MX358374B_D0042.tif" />

can

A selectively sealable access port 410 integrates within the secondary seal 404 which provides external access to the secondary compartment 408.

In some embodiments, access port 410 may allow access to the electrolytic solution that has leaked through primary seal 402 into secondary compartment 408 through a valve system or the like. Through access port 410, this filtered electrolyte solution can be removed (i.e. drained) from secondary compartment 408 and discarded. Alternatively, the filtered electrolytic solution removed from secondary compartment 408 through access port 410 can be recycled and reintroduced to the redox flow battery energy storage system.

A rib and channel interlocking design can be used to form the primary seal 402, the secondary seal 404, and / or other structures included in the reactor cell assembly 200. Furthermore, as discussed above, the integrated rib and channel interlocks within outer frame 202 and inner frame 208 can be used to mechanically couple reactor cell assemblies 200 in conjunction with a mechanical clamping system, to create more frame portions thick and / or structural, and to align components 202-210 of reactor cell assemblies 200 during assembly.

t

<img file="MX358374B_D0043.tif" />

A rib and channel interlocking system may comprise a channel consisting of two channel ribs integrated into a first frame portion (eg, outer frame 402 and / or inner frame 208) and a sealing rib integrated into a second frame portion (eg, outer frame 202 and / or inner frame 208). The sealing rib may be disposed within the channel formed by the two channel ribs and, when force is applied (eg 300 KN) to the first frame portion including the sealing rib which compresses the first frame portion against the second frame portion including channel ribs, can be secured within the channel. In certain embodiments, securing the sealing rib between the channel ribs can support the sealing rib and reduce the possibility of the sealing rib bending when compressed in the channel. In addition, the channel ribs can support the sealing rib and prevent the sealing rib from being overcompressed within the channel. The sealing rib may include a tip which, when pressed against the bottom of the channel formed by the channel ribs, forms a seal that can substantially prevent the electrolyte solution from passing through the seal.

Figure 5 illustrates a top perspective view of a portion 500 of an outer frame 202 of a *

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INSTITUTO MÉXiCANO Di LA PROt (EOAX) INDUSWAL

<img file="MX358374B_D0044.tif" />

reactor stack including integrated seals — íüT) —TUT) —5ΌΤ consistent with modalities described here. As discussed above, outer frame 202 may include a primary seal 402 configured to encompass a primary compartment (eg, negative or positive compartment) of an electrolytic solution containing reactor cell (eg, anolyte or catholyte solution). In certain embodiments, a primary seal 402 can be formed when two frame portions are coupled using a rib and channel interlocking design.

The electrolyte solution can be pumped into the primary compartment through one or more electrolyte inlet manifolds 504. Similarly, the electrolyte solution can be pumped out of the primary compartment through one or more electrolyte solution outlet manifolds (not shown). Primary seal 402 can be configured to surround and / or isolate inlet manifolds 504 and / or outlet manifolds. Furthermore, the primary seal 402 can define an inlet channel 508 that runs from an inlet manifold to the primary compartment, allowing the electrolytic solution to be pumped into the primary compartment to one or more specific locations. Similarly, primary seal 402 can define an outlet channel that runs from an outlet manifold to the primary compartment, allowing the

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<img file="MX358374B_D0045.tif" />

electrolytic solution outside the primary compartment at one or more specific locations.

In some embodiments, the outer frame 202 further includes a secondary seal 404 configured to encompass the primary seal 402 and create a secondary compartment 408 between the primary seal 402 and the secondary seal 404. In certain embodiments, a secondary seal 404 may be formed when two frame portions are coupled using a rib and channel interlocking design. In some embodiments, the secondary seal 404 can be configured to capture electrolytic solution that is filtered through the primary seal 402 and store the filtered electrolytic solution in the secondary compartment 408. The electrolytic solution contained in the secondary compartment 408 can be removed for disposal and / or or recycling in the system through an access port (not shown). In certain embodiments, the secondary compartment 408 may be at a lower pressure than the primary compartment, thereby reducing the possibility of the electrolyte solution leaking through the secondary seal 404.

A bypass channel 506 can be defined by one or more bypass channel seals 502 integrated into the outer frame 202. A bypass channel seal 502 can be formed when two frame portions are coupled using

IMPI

<img file="MX358374B_D0046.tif" />

a rib interlacing and ™ heat design: 'In certain modalities, the bypass channel 506 may be designed to increase the electrical resistance between cells of the reactor cell assembly by increasing its length and / or by decreasing its cross-flow section. In this way, bypass channel 506 can reduce bypass electrical currents flowing between reactor cells. In some embodiments, by integrating bypass channel seals 502 independent of primary seal 402, the integrity of primary seal 402 can be increased.

Figure 6 illustrates a cross section view 600 of a plurality of reactor stack cells including integrated seals 402, 404 consistent with embodiments described herein. As shown, individual reactor cell assemblies comprising an outer frame 202, a felt sheet 204, a membrane 206, an inner frame 208, another felt sheet 204, and an electrode 210 may be stacked in parallel with any number of other reactor cell assemblies to form a multiple cell stack. Outer frame 202 may include a primary seal 402 configured to encompass a primary compartment (eg, negative compartment or modalities, may be permeable filled with a positive cell) which, in some with a felt sheet 204 reactor containing electrolytic solution ( for example, anolyte or catholyte solution).

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IMPI MEXICAN INSTITUTE nr iA xtowtOAO INDUSTRIAL

<img file="MX358374B_D0047.tif" />

As shown, a primary seal -402- can be formed - two frame portions are coupled using a rib and channel interlocking design.

The outer frame 202 may further include a secondary seal 404 spanning the primary seal 402, thereby creating a secondary compartment 408 between the primary seal 402 and the secondary seal 404. In certain embodiments, the secondary compartment 408 can be configured to capture electrolytic solution that seeps through the primary seal 402. The electrolyte solution contained in secondary compartment 408 can be removed for disposal and / or recycling back into the system through an access port (not shown). As shown, a secondary seal 404 can be formed when two frame portions are coupled using a rib and channel interlocking design.

FIG. 7 illustrates a top perspective view 700 of an outer frame 202 of a reactor stack cell including an inner O-ring channel consistent with embodiments described herein. In certain embodiments, the inner O-ring channel, illustrated in more detail in Figure 8, can be integrated within the outer frame 202 and used in conjunction with an appropriately dimensioned O-ring (eg, a rubber O-ring or the like) to sealing an outer frame of terminal 2 02 of a multi-cell reactor stack assembly

<img file="MX358374B_D0048.tif" />

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Ot LA MORIOAD! F &lt;»WSTMAl (eg reactor stack cells 300) against a rigid structural compartment. In this way, the inner O-ring channel can be used in conjunction with an O-ring to create an external seal against a rigid compartment placed over the terminal ends of a multi-cell reactor stack assembly included in an energy storage system. of redox flow battery. In certain embodiments, the inner O-ring channel can be used in conjunction with an O-ring to seal an end frame at one end of a multi-cell reactor stack that receives and / or provides electrolytic solution from / to storage tanks (en say, an input / output and / or power end).

Figure 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view 800 of an outer frame 202 of a reactor stack cell including an inner o-ring channel or 702 consistent with embodiments described herein. As shown, the inner O-ring channel 702 can define a channel that encloses the inner periphery of the outer frame 202 configured to retain and / or secure an appropriately sized O-ring. In certain embodiments, the O-ring can be dimensioned such that when a rigid frame is pressed against the O-ring in the inner O-ring channel 702, a seal is created containing

IMPI

<img file="MX358374B_D0049.tif" />

substantially electrolytic solution

to. pumping pressures.

Figure 9 illustrates a bottom perspective view 900 of an outer frame 202 of a reactor stack cell including an outer o-ring channel consistent with embodiments described herein. In certain embodiments, the outer O-ring channel, illustrated in more detail in Figure 10, can be integrated into the outer frame 202 and used in conjunction with an appropriately dimensioned O-ring (eg, a rubber O-ring or the like) to sealing a terminal outer frame 202 of a multi-cell reactor stack assembly (eg, reactor stack cells 300) against a rigid structural compartment. In this way, the outer O-ring channel 902 can be used in conjunction with an O-ring to create an external seal against a rigid compartment placed over the terminal ends of a multi-cell reactor stack assembly included in a fuel storage system. redox flow battery power. In certain embodiments, the outer O-ring channel 902 can be used in conjunction with an O-ring to seal an end frame at one end of a multi-cell reactor stack.

FIG. 10 illustrates a cross sectional view 1000 of an outer frame 202 of a reactor stack cell.

<img file="MX358374B_D0050.tif" />

including an outer 902 o-ring channel tuii'ü'íütente with modalities described herein. As shown, the outer O-ring channel 902 can define a channel encompassing the outer periphery of the outer frame 202 configured to retain and / or secure an appropriately sized O-ring. In certain embodiments, the O-ring can be dimensioned such that when a rigid frame is pressed against the O-ring in the outer O-ring channel 902, a seal is created that contains substantially electrolytic solution at pumping pressures.

Figure 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an assembled flow cell battery 1100 that includes a plurality of reactor cells 1102 consistent with embodiments described herein. The plurality of reactor cells 1102 can include several reactor cell assemblies (ie, reactor cell assembly 200 illustrated in Figure 2), each including components 202-210, coupled in series. Thus, individual reactor cell assemblies comprising an outer frame 202, a felt sheet 204, a membrane 206, an inner frame 208, another felt sheet 204, and an electrode 210 can be stacked in series with other assemblies. reactor cell to form a multiple cell stack including a plurality of reactor cells 1102.

The plurality of reactor cells 1102 can

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<img file="MX358374B_D0051.tif" />

secure together using a mechanical S'lyLeina-de-eugerLión (not shown) in conjunction with one or more rigid structural end plates 1104. As shown, end plates 1104 can be placed on each end of the plurality of cells of reactor 1102 and can function to secure, align, and retain the plurality of reactor cells 1102. When used in conjunction with a mechanical fastening system, end plates 1104 can function to create seals and other structural frame portions using rib and channel interlocking integrated into outer frames 202 and inner frames 208 in the plurality of cells reactor 1102.

Rigid insulators 1106 may be included between the rigid structural end plates 1104 and the plurality of reactor cells 1102 in the assembled flow cell battery 1100. Rigid insulators 1106 can be configured to provide a flat surface for end plates 1104 to interface with outer frames 202 and / or inner frames 208 of terminal cell assemblies of the plurality of reactor cells 1102, thereby allowing uniform compression through the outer frames 202 and the inner frames 208 when a mechanical clamping system (not shown) is used to secure the reactor cells 1102. In this way, as illustrated in Figure 11, rigid insulators 1106 can *

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE

DF THE PROPERTY!> L '«¡TRIA l

<img file="MX358374B_D0052.tif" />

use channels and / or ribs g ^ a ^ g ___ to interconnect with any of the ribs and / or channels of terminal outer panels 202 and / or inner panels 208 of the assembled plurality of reactor cells 1102. In addition, insulators 1106 can be configured to provide electrical insulation of electrically active components and metal end plates and / or damping system. Accordingly, insulators 1106 may comprise a non-conductive material.

One or more input / output collector adapters 1108 can be configured to interface with electrolyte input collectors 504 or output collectors of the outer panels 202 of reactor cells 1102.

External pumping mechanisms (not shown) can pump electrolytic solution into primary compartments of the reactor cells through the electrolyte inlet manifolds 504 of the outer frames 202 of the reactor cells 1102 through the inlet manifold adapters 1108. Similarly, the electrolyte solution can be pumped from the primary compartments of the reactor cells through the electrolyte outlet manifolds of the outer frames 202 of the reactor cells 1102 through outlet manifold adapters 1108.

As discussed above with reference to the

Figure 7 and Figure 8, an O-ring can be arranged

<img file="MX358374B_D0053.tif" />

Inner (not shown) in an annulus-tor-ic-e-sensor channel 702 included in outer frame 202 at a terminal end of reactor cell stack 1102. The inner o-ring can be configured to seal the terminal outer frame 202 of the reactor cell stack 1102 (i.e. the upper outer frame 202 of the reactor cell stack 1102 illustrated in Figure 11) against an end plate 1104 and / or rigid insulator 1106. Similarly, an outer O-ring 1112 may be provided in an outer O-ring channel 902 included in the outer frame 202 at the other terminal end of the reactor cell stack 1102. The outer o-ring 1112 can be configured to seal the other end outer frame 202 of the reactor cell stack 1102 (i.e., the lower outer frame 202 of the reactor cell stack 1102 illustrated in Figure 11) against a plate of end 1104 and / or rigid insulator 1106. In certain embodiments, the input / output manifold adapters 1108 can also be sealed against an outer frame 202 using an input / output connector adapter O-ring 1114 as shown.

Figure 12 illustrates a perspective view of an assembled flow cell battery 1200 including a plurality of reactor cells 1102 consistent with embodiments described herein. As illustrated, the plurality of reactor cells 1102 can be secured together

IMPI

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using a mechanical clamping system · 123¾ — B1 aiafettma · mechanical clamping 1202 can be configured to apply substantially uniform compression across the plurality of reactor cells 1102. In certain embodiments, end plates 1104 may be used in conjunction with the mechanical grip 1202 to apply uniform compression across the plurality of reactor cells 1102.

As illustrated, the mechanical fastening system 1202 may comprise rigid members arranged parallel to the end plates 1104 on each side of the plurality of reactor cells 1102. The mechanical fastening system 1202 may further comprise cross members extending perpendicularly to the plurality of reactor cells 1102. The cross members can be coupled to the rigid members arranged parallel to the end plates 1104 on each side of the plurality of reactor cells 1102. Consistent with some embodiments, the cross members can be used to apply a compressive force between the rigid members and / or end plates 1104. In certain embodiments, the cross members may use a bolting mechanism, expansion screw, or the like to apply such a compression force. Although the illustrated 1202 mechanical clamping system uses rigid members and cross members to apply a comprehensive force, any mechanical system configured to provide a force *

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Comprehensive to the plurality of putide reactor cells 1TU2 used in the assembled flow cell battery 1200.

Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view 1300 of the negative electrolyte flow through a reactor cell stack consistent with modalities described herein.

As illustrated, electrolytic solution defined in part by outer frame 2 02 can be pumped into a primary compartment through an electrolyte inlet manifold 504. In certain embodiments, the electrolytic solution can be pumped into the primary through a channel. bypass, as described above with reference to Figure 5, and enter the primary compartment through an inlet channel 508.

In some embodiments, integrated power channels along the inner periphery of outer frame 202 and / or inner frame 208 defining the edges of the primary compartment can be configured to provide a more uniform flow of electrolytic solution through the primary compartment after to enter from the input channel 508. Accordingly, as illustrated, the electrolyte solution can be fed into the primary compartment through inlet channel 508 and distributed along one edge of the primary compartment via supply channels, allowing

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it a substantially uniform flow^- from 'Ta ~ sbTudifiH. electrolytic through the primary compartment.

Under certain circumstances, during operation of the redox flow 5 battery energy storage system, the electrolyte solution may tend to flow around the outer edges of the primary compartment rather than uniformly through the primary compartment. For example, under pumping pressures, the electrolytic solution may tend to flow through the primary compartment 10 through lower flow resistance paths such as the interface between the felt sheets 204 and the outer frames 202 and / or outer frames 208. To compensate for these effects, the felt sheets 204 may be dimensioned slightly larger than the size of the primary compartment defined by the outer frames 202 and / or inner frames 208. For example, in certain embodiments, the felt sheets 204 can be cut slightly wide to fit snugly within a primary compartment. By compressing the oversized felt 20 204 sheets within the narrowest compartment, the flow resistance along the edges of the primary compartment can increase, thereby decreasing the tendency for the electrolyte solution to flow more easily along the edges of the primary compartment 25.

<img file="MX358374B_D0057.tif" />

Integrated feed channels along the inner periphery of outer frame 202 and / or inner frame 208 that define the edges of the primary compartment can be configured to collect electrolytic solution flowing through the primary compartment and direct the electrolytic solution to a outlet channel 1302. In certain embodiments, the electrolyte solution can then pass through a bypass channel and out

<td>of</td><td>the cell</td><td>reactor across</td><td>of a</td><td colspan="2">outlet collector</td>

<td colspan="2"> 1304 .</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>XjcL</td><td>Figure 14 illustrates a</td><td>view</td><td>in</td><td>perspective 1400</td>

<td>of the</td><td>flow of</td><td>positive electrolyte</td><td colspan="2">through</td><td>from a cell of</td>

reactor stack consistent with modalities described herein. The flow of positive electrolyte solution through a primary compartment may be similar to the flow of negative electrolyte solution through a primary compartment, as described above with reference to Figure

13. As illustrated in Figure 14, the positive electrolyte solution can flow through a primary compartment through an inlet collector 504, a bypass channel, an inlet channel, supply channels, an outlet channel 1302, other bypass channel, and an outlet manifold 1304. In some embodiments, frame structures used in directing the flow of positive electrolyte solution may be arranged

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IMPI on the opposite side of the outer and / or inner frames

202, 208, that the framework structures used in directing the flow of negative electrolyte solution.

Ls.

Figure 15 illustrates a perspective view 1500 of a frame including dimensional arrangements interior 208 interior corners here

08 of a flexible described.

cell frame minors

1502 reactor stack consistent with

Due to exterior variations 202 and / or frame introduced during manufacturing, it is difficult to secure the interior frame 208 to the

Accordingly, the corners 1502 of the can rigid that the frame frame can be exterior interior

208 be configured to be flexible so that the sides of the inner frame inner frame 208 suits minor fabrication of the inner frame (i.e. less to variations in

208 and / or the outer frame some inner corners

202 when

208 they can be secured at the corners designed to the outer frame 202. In flexible frame 1502 integrate portions of the

1502 of the inner frame 208 which are thinner less rigid than the sides of the inner frame 208.

me

In certain embodiments, the inner frame 208 and / or the outer frame 202 can be heated to increase minor flexibility.

of frames 208,

202 and allow the frames to fit securely despite dimensional variations

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Figure 16 illustrates a cross sectional view 1600 of a membrane securing design for a reactor cell stack consistent with embodiments described herein. As illustrated, the membrane

206 can be secured between outer frame 202 and inner frame 208. In certain embodiments, a raised rib

1602 Integrated within inner frame 208 and / or outer frame 202 can be configured to press into the edges of membrane 206 when compressed between outer frame 202 and inner frame

208, thereby securing the membrane

206 between outer frame 202 and inner frame 208. In some embodiments, raised rib 1602 can create a seal between the outer frame

202, the inner frame 208, and the edges of the membrane

206.

In certain embodiments, the seal may be a low pressure seal capable of containing low pressure or sub-kilopascal differentials (eg, 5 kPa or 15 kPa)

Figure 17 illustrates a cross-sectional view

1700 of an electrode belay design 210 for a reactor stack cell consistent with modalities described herein.

As illustrated, electrode 210 can be secured between the outer frame

202 and inner frame 208. In certain embodiments, a raised rib (not shown) integrated within inner frame 208 and / or outer frame 202 can be configured to press the edges of electrode 210 when compressed between outer frame 202 and frame

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF PIIOPILTY 'V: τ \ ·> £

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inner 208, thereby securing electrode 210 between outer frame 202 and inner frame 208. In some embodiments, the raised rib can create a seal between outer frame 202, inner frame 208, and the edges of electrode 210. In In certain modalities, the seal may be a low pressure seal capable of containing low pressure or sub-kilopascal differentials. In certain other embodiments, a sealant can be used between the interfaces of the outer frame 202, the inner frame 208, and the edges of the electrode 210 to create a seal.

Figure 18 illustrates a perspective view 1800 of an outer frame 202 of a reactor stack cell including guides 1802 for positioning other reactor stack cell components consistent with embodiments described herein. As shown, the outer frame 202 can include integrated guides 1802 configured to guide, align, and / or position components 202-210 of the reactor cell during assembly. The illustrated guides 1802 may be particularly configured to guide, align, and / or position the membrane 206 during assembly of the reactor cell stack. Using guides 1802 can allow for more efficient assembly of the reactor cell stack by reducing the likelihood that components 202-210 will become misaligned which can potentially result in disassembly and realignment.

Figure 19 illustrates a 1900 perspective view

<img file="MX358374B_D0061.tif" />

of an inner frame 208 of a reactor cell cell ** including guides 1902 for positioning other reactor cell cells components consistent with modalities described herein. As shown, inner frame 208 can include integrated guides 1902 configured to guide, align, and / or position components 202-210 of the reactor cell during assembly. The illustrated guides 1902 may be particularly configured to guide, align, and / or position electrode 210 during assembly of the reactor cell stack. Using 1902 guides can allow for more efficient assembly of the reactor cell stack by reducing the chance of components 202-210 being misaligned which can potentially result in disassembly and realignment.

Figure 20 illustrates a perspective view 2000 of a packaging system 2002 for sealing areas of a reactor stack cell consistent with modalities described herein. As illustrated above with reference to Figure 13 and Figure 15, frame structures used in directing the flow of positive electrolyte solution may be arranged on the opposite side of the outer and / or inner frames 202, 208, than the frame structures used in directing the flow of negative electrolyte solution. In certain modalities, 2002 gaskets (for example, rubber gaskets or the like) configured to secure over the t

IMPI

INSTITUTO MUICAHO DE LA PRÜHEDAD INDUSTRIA!

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Inner Frame 2 08 and / or Outer Frame 2ΤΓ2 - can be used to direct the flow of electrolytic solution in conjunction with integrated frame structures. For example, as illustrated, 2002 gaskets can be used to create substantially impervious seals between a positive electrolyte inlet channel and a negative electrolyte inlet channel defined in outer frame 202 and / or inner frame 208. In certain other embodiments, adhesive and / or non-adhesive sealants can be used to create similar seals without the use of different 2002 gaskets.

Many changes can be made to the details of the modalities described above without departing from the underlying principles of this description. The scope of the present invention therefore should be determined only by the following claims.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to put the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.

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