Apparatus and method for audio signal envelope encoding, processing and decoding by modelling a cumulative sum representation employing distribution quantization and coding.
Abstract
An apparatus for generating an audio signal envelope from one or more coding values is provided. The apparatus comprises an input interface (1610) for receiving the one or more coding values, and an envelope generator (1620) for generating the audio signal envelope depending on the one or more coding values. The envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate an aggregation function depending on the one or more coding values, wherein the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, wherein each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an aggregation value, wherein the aggregation function monotonically increases, and wherein each of the one or more coding values indicates at least one of an argument value and an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Moreover, the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the audio signal envelope such that the audio signal envelope comprises a plurality of envelope points, wherein each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value, and wherein an envelope point of the audio signal envelope is assigned to each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function such that the argument value of said envelope point is equal to the argument value of said aggregation point. Furthermore, the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the audio signal envelope such that the envelope value of each of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope depends on the aggregation value of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function.

Term
7.7 yearsleft in the term
Expires 10 June 2034.
- Priority
- Filed
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17 claims: 6 independent, 11 dependent
- 1CLAIMS REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un aparato para generar una envolvente de la señal de audio a partir de uno o más valores de codificación, que comprende:one. An apparatus for generating an envelope of the audio signal from one or more encoding values, comprising: an input interface (1610) to receive the one or more encoding values and an envelope generator (1620) to generate the envelope of the audio signal depending on one or more encoding values, wherein the envelope generator (1620 ) is configured to generate an aggregation function, depending on the one or more encoding values, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an aggregation value, where the aggregation function is increased monotonically and where each of the one or more encoding values indicates at least one of the argument value and the aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, wherein the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal such that the envelope of the audio signal comprises a plurality of envelope points, wherein each of the envelope points comprises a value of una interfaz de entrada (1610) para recibir el uno o más valores de codificación y un generador de envolvente (1620) para generar la envolvente de la señal de audio dependiendo de uno o más valores de codificación, en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar una función de agregación, dependiendo del uno o más valores de codificación, en donde la función de agregación comprende una pluralidad de puntos de agregación, en donde cada uno de los puntos de agregación comprende un valor de argumento y un valor de agregación, en donde la función de agregación se incrementa monotónicamente y en donde cada uno del uno o más valores de codificación indica por lo menos uno del valor de argumento y el valor de agregación de uno de los puntos de agregación de la función de agregación, en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar la envolvente de la señal de audio de tal manera que la envolvente de la señal de audio comprende una pluralidad de puntos de envolvente, en donde cada uno de los puntos de envolvente comprende un valor de 120 120 IMPie IMPie INSTITUTO MEXICANO r MEXICAN INSTITUTE r DK LA PRC-HEDAD <* · DK LA PRC-HEDAD <*· INDUSTRIAL ** argument and an envelope value and where, for each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, one of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope is assigned to such an aggregation point, such such that the argument value of such an envelope point is equal to the argument value of such an aggregation point and where the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the envelope value of each of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope depends on the aggregation value of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function. INDUSTRIAL **argumento y un valor de envolvente y en donde, para cada de los puntos de agregación de la función de agregación, uno de los puntos de envolvente de la envolvente de la señal de audio es asignado a tal punto de agregación, de tal manera que el valor de argumento de tal punto de envolvente es igual al valor de argumento de tal punto de agregación y en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar la envolvente de la señal de audio, de tal manera que el valor de envolvente de cada uno de los puntos de envolvente de la envolvente de la señal de audio depende del valor de agregación de por lo menos un punto de agregación de la función de agregación.
- 4El aparato de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar la función de agregación, dependiendo de los valores de codificación, de tal manera que la función de agregación tiene una primera derivada continua. Four. The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the aggregation function, depending on the encoding values, such that the aggregation function has a continuous first derivative.
- 5The apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the envelope generator (1620) is configured to determine the envelope of the audio signal by determining the ratio of a first difference and a second difference, the first difference being a difference enter a first value of 5. El aparato de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para determinar la envolvente de la señal de audio al determinar la proporción de una primera diferencia y una segunda diferencia, la primera diferencia es una diferencia entre un primer valor de de la función de agregación y un segundo valor de argumento (f(k - 1);f(k)) del segundo de los puntos de agregación de la función de agregación. of the aggregation function and a second argument value (f (k - 1);f (k)) of the second of the aggregation points of the aggregation function.
- 8The apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the input interface (1610) is configured to receive one or more division values as the one or more encoding values, wherein the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the aggregation function, depending on the one or more division values, where each of the division values indicates the aggregation value of one of the aggregation function's aggregation points, wherein the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal 8. El aparato de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en donde la interfaz de entrada (1610) está configurada para recibir uno o más valores de división como el uno o más valores de codificación, en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar la función de agregación, dependiendo del uno o más valores de división, en donde cada uno de los valores de división indica el valor de agregación del uno de los puntos de agregación de la función de agregación, en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar la envolvente de la señal de audio 124 124 IMPI tí · MEXICAN INSTITUTE IMPI tí·INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROPIEDAD * ..... OF THE PROPERTY * ..... INDUSTRIAL __ . INDUSTRIAL __. reconstructed such that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the audio signal, wherein a predefined allocation rule defines a value of the signal envelope portion for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions depending on such signal envelope portion and where the Envelope Generator (1620) is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, an absolute value of its signal envelope portion value is greater than half the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of each of the other signal envelope portions. reconstruida, de tal manera que el uno o más puntos de división dividen la envolvente de la señal de audio reconstruida en dos o más porciones de envolvente de la señal de audio, en donde una regla de asignación predefinida define un valor de la porción de envolvente de la señal para cada porción de envolvente de la señal de la dos o más porciones de envolvente de la señal dependiendo de tal porción de envolvente de la señal y en donde el generador de envolvente (1620) está configurado para generar la envolvente de la señal de audio reconstruida de tal manera que, para cada una de las dos o más porciones de envolvente de la señal, un valor absoluto de su valor de porción de envolvente de la señal es mayor que la mitad del valor absoluto del valor de la porción de envolvente de la señal de cada una de las otras porciones de envolvente de la señal.
- 9An apparatus for determining one or more encoding values for encoding an envelope of the audio signal, comprising:9. Un aparato para determinar uno o más valores de codificación para codificar una envolvente de la señal de audio, que comprende: an aggregator (1710) to determine an aggregation function comprising a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an aggregate value, where the aggregation function increases monotonically, where the aggregator is configured to determine the value un agregador (1710) para determinar una función de agregación que comprende una pluralidad de puntos de agregación, en donde cada uno de los puntos de agregación comprende un valor de argumento y un valor agregado, en donde la función de agregación incrementa monotonicamente, en donde el agregador está configurado para determinar el valor 125 aggregate for each of a plurality of argument values, wherein the plurality of argument values are arranged such that a first argument value of the plurality of argument values either precedes or succeeds a second argument value of the plurality of argument values, when such a second argument value is different from the first argument value, where an envelope value is assigned to each of the argument values, where the envelope value of each of the argument values depends on the envelope of the audio signal and where the aggregator (1710) is configured to determine the aggregate value for each argument value of the plurality of argument values depending on the envelope value of such an argument value and depending on the envelope value of each of the plurality of argument values that precede such an argument value and an encoding unit (1720) to determine one or more encoding values, depending on the one or more aggregate values of the plurality of argument values. 125 agregado para cada uno de una pluralidad de valores de argumento, en donde la pluralidad de valores de argumento son ordenados de tal manera que un primer valor de argumento de la pluralidad de valores de argumento ya sea precede o sucede a un segundo valor de argumento de la pluralidad de valores de argumento, cuando tal segundo valor de argumento es diferente del primer valor de argumento, en donde se asigna un valor de envolvente a cada uno de los valores de argumento, en donde el valor de envolvente de cada uno de los valores de argumento depende de la envolvente de la señal de audio y en donde el agregador (1710) está configurado para determinar el valor agregado para cada valor de argumento de la pluralidad de valores de argumento dependiendo del valor de envolvente de tal valor de argumento y dependiendo del valor de envolvente de cada uno de la pluralidad de valores de argumento que preceden a tal valor de argumento y una unidad de codificación (1720) para determinar uno o más valores de codificación, dependiendo del uno o más valores agregados de la pluralidad de valores de argumento.
- 15Un método para generar una envolvente de la señal de audio de uno o más valores de codificación, que comprende:fifteen. A method of generating an envelope of the audio signal of one or more encoding values, comprising: receiving the one or more encoding values and generating the envelope of the audio signal, depending on the one or more encoding values, recibir el uno o más valores de codificación y generar la envolvente de la señal de audio, dependiendo del uno o más valores de codificación, 128 wherein the generation of the audio signal envelope is carried out by generating an aggregation function depending on the one or more encoding values, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an aggregation value, where the aggregation function is increased monotonically and where each of the one or more encoding values indicates at least one of the argument value and the aggregation value of one of the aggregation function's aggregation points, in where the generation of the envelope of the audio signal is carried out in such a way that the envelope of the audio signal comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value and where, for each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, one of the envelope points of the envelope of the signal of audio is assigned to the aggregation point, such that the argument value of the envelope point is equal to the argument value of the aggregation point and where the generation of the envelope of the audio signal is carried out in such a way that the envelope value of each of the points of the envelope of the 128 en donde la generación de la envolvente de la señal de audio se lleva a cabo al generar una función de agregación dependiendo de los uno o más valores de codificación, en donde la función de agregación comprende una pluralidad de puntos de agregación, en donde cada uno de los puntos de agregación comprende un valor de argumento y un valor de agregación, en donde la función de agregación se incrementa monotónicamente y en donde cada uno de los uno o más valores de codificación indica por lo menos uno del valor de argumento y el valor de agregación de uno de los puntos de agregación de la función de agregación, en donde la generación de la envolvente de la señal de audio se lleva a cabo de tal manera que la envolvente de la señal de audio comprende una pluralidad de puntos de envolvente, en donde cada uno de los puntos de envolvente comprende un valor de argumento y un valor de envolvente y en donde, para cada uno de los puntos de agregación de la función de agregación, uno de los puntos de envolvente de la envolvente de la señal de audio es asignado al punto de agregación, de tal manera que el valor de argumento del punto de envolvente es igual al valor de argumento del punto de agregación y en donde la generación de la envolvente de la señal de audio se lleva a cabo de tal manera que el valor de envolvente de cada uno de los puntos de la envolvente de la 129 to ινχ jr 1 INST'lyri'M £ x |CAN <'ff *' ot THE «UPIEDaÓ r- <'ndustkial audio signal depends on the aggregation value of by T <5' minus one aggregation point of the aggregation function. 129 a ινχ jr 1 INST'lyri'M£x|CAN< ‘ff* ' ot LA «UPIEDaÓ r-< 'ndustkial señal de audio depende del valor de agregación de por T<5‘ menos un punto de agregación de la función de agregación. 15. Un método para determinar uno o más valores de codificación para codificar una envolvente de la señal de audio, que comprende: fifteen. A method of determining one or more encoding values to encode an envelope of the audio signal, comprising: determinar una función de agregación que comprende una pluralidad de puntos de agregación, en donde cada uno de los puntos de agregación comprende un valor de argumento y un valor agregado, en donde la función de agregación incrementa monotonicamente, y determinar el valor agregado para cada uno de una pluralidad de valores de argumento, en donde la pluralidad de valores de argumento son ordenados de tal manera que un primer valor de argumento de la pluralidad de valores de argumento ya sea precede o sucede a un segundo valor de argumento de la pluralidad de valores de argumento, cuando tal segundo valor de argumento es diferente del primer valor de argumento, en donde se asigna un valor de envolvente a cada uno de los valores de argumento, en donde el valor de envolvente, de cada uno de los valores de argumento depende de la envolvente de la señal de audio y en donde el agregador (1710) está configurado para determinar el valor agregado para cada valor de argumento de la pluralidad de valores de argumento dependiendo del valor de envolvente del valor de argumento y dependiendo del valor de envolvente de cada uno de la pluralidad de valores de argumento que preceden a tal determine an aggregation function that comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an added value, where the aggregation function increases monotonically, and determine the added value for each of a plurality of argument values, wherein the plurality of argument values are ordered such that a first argument value of the plurality of argument values either precedes or succeeds a second argument value of the plurality of argument values, when such a second value of argument is different from the first argument value, where an envelope value is assigned to each of the argument values, where the envelope value, of each of the argument values depends on the envelope of the audio signal and where the aggregator (1710) is configured to determine the aggregate value for each argument value of the plurality of argument values depending on the envelope value of the argument value and depending on the envelope value of each of the plurality of argument values that precede such 130 130 IMPie IMPie INSTITUTO MEXICANO 1Γ DE LA PROPIEDAD V INDUSTRIAL argument value and determine one or more encoding values depending on the one or more of the aggregate values of the plurality of argument values. INSTITUTO MEXICANO 1Γ DE LA PROPIEDAD V INDUSTRIAL valor de argumento y determinar uno o valores de codificación dependiendo del uno o más de los valores agregados de la pluralidad de valores de argumento.
Independent claims6
962 paragraphs in 63 sections, as filed
(54) Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CODING, PROCESSING AND DECODING OF THE AUDIO SIGNAL ENVELOPE THROUGH MODELING OF A SUM CUMULATIVE REPRESENTATION USING DISTRIBUTION AND CODING QUANTIFICATION.
(54) Title: APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AUDIO SIGNAL ENVELOPE ENCODING, PROCESSING AND DECODING BY MODELING A CUMULATIVE SUM REPRESENTATION EMPLOYING DISTRIBUTION QUANTIZATION AND CODING.
(57) Summary
An apparatus is provided to generate an audio signal envelope from one or more encoding values. The apparatus comprises an input interface (1610) to receive the one or more encoding values and an envelope generator (1620) to generate the envelope of the audio signal, depending on the one or more encoding values. Envelope generator 1620 is configured to generate an aggregation function depending on the one or more encoding values, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises a argument value and an aggregation value, where the aggregation function increases monotonically and where each of the one or more encoding values indicates at least one of an argument value and an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Furthermore, the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the envelope of the audio signal comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value and where an envelope point of the envelope of the audio signal is assigned to each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, such that the argument value of such an envelope point is equal to the argument value of such an aggregation point. Furthermore, the envelope generator 1620 is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the envelope value of each of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope depends on the aggregation value. of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function.
(57) Abstract
An apparatus for generating an audio signal envelope from one or more coding values provided. The apparatus comprises an input interface (1610) for receiving the one or more coding values, and an envelope generator (1620) for generating the audio signal envelope depending on the one or more coding values. The envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate an aggregation function depending on the one or more coding valúes, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument valué and an aggregation valué, where the aggregation function monotonically increases, and where each of the one or more coding valúes ¡ndicates at least one of an argument valué and an aggregation valué of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Moreover, the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the audio signal envelope such that the audio signal envelope comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value, and where an envelope point of the audio signal envelope is assigned to each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function such that the argument valué of said envelope point is equal to the argument valué of said aggregation point. Furthermore, the envelope generator (1620) is configured to generate the audio signal envelope such that the envelope value of each of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope depends on the aggregation value of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function.
IMPI
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PATENT TITLE No. 353042
<td>Headlines):</td><td>FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV</td>
<td>Home:</td><td>Hansastrasse 27C, 80686, Munich, GERMANY</td>
D nomination:
Classification:
Inventor (s):
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PROCESSING AND AUDIO THROUGH
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CODING, DECODING OF MODELED SIGNAL ENVELOPE OF A SUM CUMULATIVE REPRESENTATION USING DISTRIBUTION AND CODING QUANTIFICATION.
CIP: G10L19 / 06; G10L19 / 032; G10L19 / 03
CPC; G10L19 / 06; G1 OLÍ 9/032, Ó1.0L19 / 0204
TOMBACKSTRÓM; BENJAMIN SCHUBERJ; | S / IÁRKUS MULTRUS; SASCHA DISCH; KONSTANTIN SCHMIDT; GRZEGORZ PIETkÉYK
Number:
MX / a / 2015/016984
REQUEST
Date tte ^ réétMrtacióft International:
June 2014
PRIORITY June 10, 2013 May 5, 2014
Number:
13171314.1
14167070.3
Validity: Twenty years
Expiration Date: June 10, 2034 - ' <sup>:</sup>
Expedition Date: December 18, 2017
The reference patent is granted based on articles 1 ·; 2 · section V, 6 »fixing Hí» and 59 of the Industrial Property Law.
In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, the present patent has a non-extendable term of twenty years, counted from the date of filing of the international application and will be subject to the payment of the fee to maintain the rights in force.
Whoever subscribes to this title does so based on the provisions of articles 6 ° llll and 7 ° bis 2 of the Industrial Property Law (Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF.) 06/27/1991, amended on 02 / 08/1994, 25/10/19 ^ 6, 12/26/1997, 05/17/1999, 01/26/2004, 06/16/2005, 01/25/2006, 05/06/2009, 06.06 / 01/2010, 06/18/2010, 06/28 / 2010,27 / 01/2012 and 04/09/2012), articles 1, 3<sup>or</sup>fraction V subsection a), 4<sup>or</sup> and 12th fractions I and III of the Regulations of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (D, Q, F 14/1 ^ 1Wk ^> ta »dO ^. 01/078002, 07/15/2004, 07/28/2004 and 09/07/2007); Articles 1, 3, 4, 5, fraction V, subsection a), 16 fractions'lyltl and 30 peí Csf | tutíi ^ bR | iá ^ | (xi, „ddl'íhsti, Mexican Industrial Property Act (DOF) 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007 ^ 1¾. ^<sup>6</sup> and 5 'mged ^' of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy Directors General, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Titles "Regional Wicinas, Divisional Deputy Directors, Coordinators
Departmental and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).
This document is signed with an advanced electronic signature (FIEL), based on articles 7 BIS 2 of the Industrial Property Law: 3rd of its Regulations, and 1 section III, 2 section V, 26 BIS and 26 TER of the Agreement establishing the guidelines for the use of the Electronic Payment and Services Portal (PASE) of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, in the procedures indicated.
THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS
NAHANNY CANAL REYES
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Original string:
NAHANNY MARISOL CANAL REYES | 00001000000403252793 | Administration Service
Tax | 1695 || MX / 2018/1113 jMX / a / 2015/016984 | PCT patent title | 1223 | GAGV | Page (s) 1 | / skGF4 / m7URe + GiztFg7QmbJnw8 =
Digital stamp:
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Xochimilco, 16020 'nx / impi
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MX / 2018/1113
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CODING, PROCESSING AND
DECODING THE AUDIO SIGNAL ENVELOPE THROUGH
353047
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MÜXICAN-J INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
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MODELING OF A SUM CUMULATIVE REPRESENTATION USING DISTRIBUTION AND CODING QUANTIFICATION
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is concerned with an apparatus and method for encoding the audio signal envelope, processing and decoding and in particular, with an apparatus and method for encoding the audio signal envelope, processing and decoding employing quantization. distribution and coding.
Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) is a classic tool for modeling the central bandwidth spectral envelope in voice codes. The most common domain for quantifying LPC models is the line spectrum frequency domain (LSF). It is based on the decomposition of the LPC polynomial into two polynomials, whose roots are in the unit circle, in such a way that they can be described by their angles or frequencies only.
The object of the present invention is to provide improved concepts for encoding and decoding the envelope of the audio signal. The object of the present invention is solved by the apparatus according to claim 1, by the apparatus according to claim 9, by the
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method according to claim 15, by the method according to claim 16 and by a computer program according to claim 17.
An apparatus is provided to generate an envelope of the audio signal from one or more encoding values. The apparatus comprises an input interface to receive the one or more encoding values and an envelope generator to generate the envelope of the audio signal depending on the one or more encoding values. The envelope generator is configured to generate an aggregation function depending on the one or more encoding values, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an aggregation value, where the aggregation function increases monotonically and where each of the one or more encoding values indicates at least one of an argument value and an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Furthermore, the envelope generator is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal such that the envelope of the audio signal comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value and where the point of
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I η \
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The envelope of the audio signal is assigned to each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, such that the argument value of such an envelope point is equal to the argument value of such an aggregation point. Furthermore, the envelope generator is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the envelope value of each of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope depends on the aggregation value of at least minus one aggregation point of the aggregation function.
According to one embodiment, the envelope generator may, for example, be configured to determine the aggregation function by determining one of the aggregation points for each of the one or more encoding values, depending on such encoding value and by applying interpolation to obtain the aggregation function, depending on the point of each of the one or more aggregation encoding values.
In one embodiment, the envelope generator may, for example, be configured to determine a first derivative of the aggregation function at a plurality of the aggregation function's aggregation points.
According to one embodiment, the envelope generator may, for example, be configured to generate the aggregation function, depending on the encoding values, of
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ΤΓ
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INDUSTRIAL such that the aggregation function has a continuous first derivative.
In one embodiment, the envelope generator may, for example, be configured to determine the envelope of the audio signal by applying where tilt (k) indicates the derivative of the aggregate signal envelope at the k-th value encoding, where c (k) is the aggregate value of the k-th aggregate point of the aggregation function and where f (k) is the argument value of the k-th aggregate point of the aggregation function.
According to one embodiment, the input interface may be configured to receive one or more division values such as the one or more encoding values. The envelope generator may be configured to generate the aggregation function, depending on the one or more division values, where each of the one or more division values indicates the aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Furthermore, the envelope generator may be configured to generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal,
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL MONEDAD
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such that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the audio signal, where a predefined allocation rule defines a value of the envelope portion of the signal , for each envelope portion of the signal, of the two or more envelope portions of the signal, depending on such envelope portion of the signal. In addition, the envelope generator may be configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that, for each of the two signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its signal envelope portion value is greater than half the absolute value of the signal envelope portion of each of the other signal envelope portions.
Furthermore, an apparatus is provided for determining one or more encoding values to encode an envelope of the audio signal. The apparatus comprises an aggregator for determining an aggregate value for each of a plurality of argument values, wherein the plurality of argument values are arranged such that a first argument value of the plurality of argument values is either precedes or succeeds a second argument value of the plurality of argument values, when such a second argument value is different from the first argument value, where an envelope value is assigned to
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<img file="MX353042B_D0018.tif" />
each of the argument values, where the envelope value of each of the argument values depends on the envelope of the audio signal and where the aggregator is configured to determine the aggregate value for each argument value of the plurality of argument values, depending on the envelope value of such an argument value and depending on the envelope value of each of the plurality of argument values preceding that argument value. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a coding unit for determining one or more values depending on one or more of the aggregate values of the plurality of argument values.
According to one embodiment, the aggregator can, for example, be configured to determine the aggregate value for each argument value of the plurality of argument values by adding the envelope value of the argument value and the envelope values of the values of argument preceding that argument value.
In one embodiment, the envelope value of each of the argument values may, for example, indicate the energy value of the envelope of the audio signal that has the envelope of the audio signal as the envelope of the signal.
According to one modality, the envelope value of each of the argument values may, for example, indicate an nth power of a spectral value of a
<img file="MX353042B_D0019.tif" />
envelope of the audio signal that has the envelope of the audio signal as the signal envelope, where n is an integer greater than zero.
In one embodiment, the envelope value of each of the argument values may, for example, indicate the nth power of an amplitude value of an audio signal envelope, which is represented in a time domain and has the envelope of the audio signal as the signal envelope, where n is an even integer greater than zero.
According to one embodiment, the encoding unit may, for example, be configured to determine the one or more encoding values, depending on one or more of the aggregate values of the argument values and depending on the number of encoding values that indicates how many values are to be determined by the encoding unit as the one or more encoding values.
In one embodiment, the encoding unit may be configured, for example, to determine the one or more encoding values according to:
where c (k) indicates the k-th coding value to be determined by the coding unit, where j indicates
IMPBS
MEXICAN INSTITUTE \ DE LA PKOZIEOAU? INDUSTRY'.
, 7 the j-th argument value of the plurality of argument values, where a (j) indicates the aggregate value that is assigned to the j-th argument value, where max (a) indicates the maximum value that is one of the aggregate values that are assigned to one of the argument values, where none of the aggregate values that are assigned to one of the argument values is greater than the maximum value and where <sub>F</sub> .v max (a) indicates the minimum value that is one of the argument values for which:
<img file="MX353042B_D0020.tif" />
max (o) k -----—. V is minimal.
In addition, a method is provided to generate an audio signal envelope from one or more encoding values. The method comprises
- Receive the one or more encoding values and
Generate the envelope of the audio signal, depending on the one or more encoding values.
The generation of the audio signal envelope is
<img file="MX353042B_D0021.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0022.tif" />
leads to when generating an aggregation function, depending on the one or more encoding values, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and a value of aggregation, where the aggregation function increases monotonically and where each of the one or more encoding values indicates at least one of an argument value and an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Furthermore, the generation of the envelope of the audio signal is carried out in such a way that the envelope of the audio signal comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value and where an envelope point of the audio signal envelope is assigned to each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, such that the argument value of such an envelope point is equal to the argument value of such an aggregation point. Furthermore, the generation of the audio signal envelope is carried out in such a way that the envelope value of each of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope depends on the aggregation value of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function.
In addition, a method is provided to determine one or more
<img file="MX353042B_D0023.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0024.tif" />
encoding values to encode an envelope of the audio signal. The method comprises:
determine an aggregate value for each of a plurality of argument values, wherein the plurality of argument values are arranged such that a first argument value, of the plurality of argument values either precedes or succeeds a second argument value of the plurality of argument values, when such a second argument value is different from the first argument value, where an envelope value is assigned to each of the argument values, where the envelope value of each of the argument values depends on the envelope of the audio signal and where the aggregator is configured to determine the aggregate value for each argument value of the plurality of argument values, depending on the envelope value of such an argument value and depending on the envelope value of each of the plurality of argument values preceding such an argument value and
Determine one or more encoding values, depending on one or more of the aggregate values of the plurality of argument values.
In addition, a computer program is provided to implement one of the methods described above when run on a computer or signal processor.
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A decoding apparatus is provided to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal. The apparatus comprises a signal envelope reconstructor to generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal, depending on one or more split points and an output interface to output the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal. The signal envelope reconstructor is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that the one or more split points divide the reconstructed audio signal envelope into two or more signal envelope portions. audio, where a predefined allocation rule defines the value of the signal envelope portion for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions, depending on the envelope portion of the signal. Furthermore, the signal envelope rebuilder is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its portion value signal envelope value is greater than half the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of the portion of each of the other signal envelope portions.
According to one modality, the reconstructor of
<img file="MX353042B_D0025.tif" />
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE 1> KC? I £ UA1? INfUSTillAL signal envelope can be configured, for example, to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its Signal envelope portion is greater than 90% of the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of each of the other signal envelope portions.
In one embodiment, the signal envelope rebuilder may be configured, for example, to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the value The absolute value of its signal envelope portion value is greater than 99% of the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of each of the other signal envelope portions.
In another embodiment, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 may be configured, for example, to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the two or more signal envelope portions is equal to the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the other signal envelope portions of the two or more signal envelope portions.
According to one embodiment, the value of the envelope portion of the signal, of each envelope portion of the
<img file="MX353042B_D0026.tif" />
The signal from the two or more envelope portions of the signal may, for example, depend on one or more energy values or one or more power values from such an envelope portion of the signal. Or, the value of the signal envelope portion, of each signal envelope portion, of the two or more signal envelope portions, depends on any other appropriate value to reconstruct an original or target level of the surround of the audio signal.
Envelope scaling can be implemented in several ways. Specifically, it can correspond to the energy signal or spectral mass or the like (an absolute size) or it can be a scaling or gain factor (a relative size). Thus, it can be encoded as an absolute or relative value or it can be encoded by a difference with a previous value or with a combination of previous values. In some cases, scaling can also be irrelevant or deduced from other available data. The envelope must be rebuilt to its original state or a target level. So in general, the value of the envelope portion of the signal depends on any appropriate value to reconstruct the original or target level of the envelope of the audio signal.
In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise, for example, a split point decoder for decoding one or more encoded points, according to a
IΜ<img file="MX353042B_D0027.tif" />
INSTITUTO MEXICANi> fc · ···
D € VA NLOKtDAI! ' '-one
INDUSTRIAL <sup>K</sup>'A_ 7L-C-' · '' decoding rule, to obtain the position of each of the one or more division points. The division point decoder may be configured, for example, to analyze the number of total positions that indicates the total number of possible division point positions, the number of division points that indicates the number of the one or more division points, and the state number of split points. Furthermore, the split point decoder may be configured, for example, to generate an indication of the position of each of the one or more split points using the number of total positions, the number of split points, and the status status of split points.
According to one embodiment, the signal envelope rebuilder may be configured, for example, to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, depending on the total energy value indicating the total energy of the audio signal envelope reconstructed or depending on any other appropriate value for the reconstruction of an original level or a target level of the audio signal envelope.
Furthermore, a decoding apparatus is provided to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal according to another embodiment. The apparatus comprises a signal envelope reconstructor to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, depending on one or more points
<img file="MX353042B_D0028.tif" />
INSTITUTO MEXICAN.J
OF THE INDUSTRIAL FROEIEL'AD
<td>division</td><td>and</td><td>a</td><td>Interface</td><td>of</td><td>departure</td><td>to issue</td><td>the</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>signal</td><td>of</td><td>Audio</td><td>reconstructed.</td><td>The</td>
Signal Envelope Rebuilder is configured to generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal, such that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the reconstructed audio signal. audio, where a predefined allocation rule defines the value of the signal envelope portion, for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions, depending on the envelope portion of the signal. A predefined envelope portion value is assigned to each of the two or more envelope portions of the signal. The signal envelope rebuilder is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that, for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of the value of the envelope portion of the signal, of such envelope portion of the signal is greater than 90% of the absolute value of the predefined envelope portion value that is assigned to such envelope portion of the signal and such that the absolute value of the envelope portion value of the signal of such a signal envelope portion is less than 110% of the absolute value of the value of the
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE PE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX353042B_D0029.tif" />
predefined envelope portion that is assigned to such envelope portion of the signal.
In one embodiment, the signal envelope rebuilder is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the two or more envelope envelope portions of the signal is equal to the predefined envelope portion value that is assigned to such envelope portion of the signal.
In one embodiment, the predefined envelope portion values of at least two of the signal envelope portions differ from each other.
<td>In other</td><td colspan="3">modality,</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">serving value</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td>
<td>predefined</td><td>of</td><td>every</td><td>a</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td colspan="3">envelope portions of the</td>
<td colspan="2">signal differs</td><td>of the</td><td colspan="2">value</td><td>of</td><td>Serving</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td>
<td>predefined</td><td>of</td><td>every</td><td>a</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>other portions</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td>
Of the signal.
In addition, an apparatus for reconstructing an audio signal is provided. The apparatus comprises a decoding apparatus according to one of the modalities described above, to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal of the audio signal and a signal generator to generate the audio signal, depending on the envelope of the audio signal of the audio signal and depending in addition to an additional signal characteristic
<img file="MX353042B_D0030.tif" />
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROHÉDAD INDUSTRIAL of the audio signal, the additional signal characteristic is different from the envelope of the audio signal.
In addition, an apparatus is provided for encoding an envelope of the audio signal. The apparatus comprises an audio signal envelope interface for receiving the audio signal envelope and a split point determiner for determining, depending on a predefined allocation rule, the value of the signal envelope portion for at least a portion of the audio signal envelope of two or more envelope portions of the audio signal for each of at least two split point configurations. Each of the at least two split point configurations comprises one or more split points, where the one or more split points of each of the two or more split point configurations divide the envelope of the signal signal. audio in the two or more envelope portions of the audio signal. The split point determiner is configured to select one or more split points from one of the at least two split point settings such as one or more selected split points to encode the envelope of the audio signal, where the split point determiner is configured to select the one or more split points, depending on the value of the signal envelope portion of each of
<img file="MX353042B_D0031.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0032.tif" />
the at least one envelope portion of the audio signal of the two or more envelope portions of the audio signal of each of the at least two split point configurations.
According to one embodiment, the value of the signal envelope portion of each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions may, for example, depend on one or more energy values or one or more power values of such envelope portion of the signal. Otherwise, the value of the signal envelope portion of each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions depends on any other appropriate value to reconstruct an original or target level of the envelope of the audio signal.
As already mentioned, envelope scaling can be implemented in several ways. Specifically, it can correspond to the signal energy or spectral mass or the like (an absolute size) or it can be a scaling or gain factor (a relative size). Thus, it can be encoded as an absolute or relative value or it can be encoded by a difference with a previous value or a combination of previous values. In some cases escalation may also be irrelevant or inferred from other available data. The envelope must be rebuilt
<img file="MX353042B_D0033.tif" />
at its original level or a target level. So, in general, the value of the envelope portion of the signal depends on any appropriate value to reconstruct the original or target level of the envelope of the audio signal.
In one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise, for example, a division point encoder to encode a position of each of the one or more division points, to obtain one or more encoded points. The division point encoder may be configured, for example, to encode a position of each of the one or more division points by encoding the state number of division points. In addition, the division point encoder may be configured, for example, to provide a number of total positions, indicating the total number of possible division point positions, and a number of division points, indicating the number of the one or more split points. The division point status number, the number of total positions, and the number of division points together indicate the position of each of the one or more division points.
According to one embodiment, the apparatus may further comprise, for example, an energy determiner, for determining the total energy of the envelope of the audio signal and for encoding the total energy of the envelope of the audio signal. Or, the device may also be
<img file="MX353042B_D0034.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0035.tif" />
configured, for example, to determine any other appropriate value to reconstruct an original or target level of the audio signal envelope.
In addition, an apparatus for encoding an audio signal is provided. The apparatus comprises an encoding apparatus, according to one of the embodiments described above, for encoding an envelope of the audio signal of the audio signal and a secondary signal characteristic encoder for encoding an additional signal characteristic of the signal. audio, the additional signal characteristic is different from the envelope of the audio signal.
In addition, a decoding method is provided to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal. The method comprises:
Generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal, depending on one or more split points and
Output the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal.
Generation of the reconstructed audio signal envelope is carried out in such a way that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the audio signal, where a predefined allocation rule defines the value of the signal envelope portion for each signal envelope portion of the two or more portions
<img file="MX353042B_D0036.tif" />
INSTITUTO MEXICAN <DE LA PROPIEDAT INDUSTRIAL of signal envelope, depending on such portion of signal envelope. Furthermore, the generation of the reconstructed audio signal envelope is carried out in such a way that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its signal envelope portion value is greater than half the absolute value of the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the other signal envelope portions.
In addition, a decoding method is provided to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal. The method comprises:
Generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal, depending on one or more split points and
Output the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal.
Generation of the reconstructed audio signal envelope is carried out in such a way that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the audio signal, in where a predefined allocation rule defines the value of the signal envelope portion for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions, depending on such signal envelope portion. An envelope portion value
<img file="MX353042B_D0037.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0038.tif" />
Preset is assigned to each of the two or more signal envelope portions. Furthermore, the generation of the reconstructed audio signal envelope is carried out in such a way that, for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of the value of the signal envelope portion of such a signal envelope portion is greater than 90% of the absolute value of the predefined envelope portion value that is assigned to such a signal envelope portion and of such that the absolute value of the value of the signal envelope portion of such a signal envelope portion is less than 110% of the absolute value of the predefined envelope portion value that is assigned to such a portion of signal envelope.
In addition, a method of encoding an envelope of the audio signal is provided. The method comprises:
Receive the envelope of the audio signal.
- Determine, depending on a predefined allocation rule, the value of the envelope portion of the signal for at least one envelope portion of the audio signal of two or more envelope portions of the audio signal, for each of at least two split point configurations, wherein each of the at least two split point configurations comprises one or more split points, wherein the one or more split points
<img file="MX353042B_D0039.tif" />
Τ Μ
A JL v Λ
<img file="MX353042B_D0040.tif" />
each of the two or more split point settings divide the envelope of the audio signal into the two or more envelope portions of the audio signal and
- Select one or more split points from one of the at least two split point settings, such as one or more selected split points to encode the envelope of the audio signal, wherein the selection of the one or more split points is carried out depending on the value of the signal envelope portion of each of at least one audio signal envelope portion of the two or more portions of audio signal envelope of each of the at least two split point settings.
In addition, a computer program is provided to implement one of the methods described above when run on a computer or signal processor.
A heuristic but somewhat inaccurate description of Line Spectrum Frequency 5 (LSF5) is one that describes the energy distribution of the signal along the frequency axis. With a high probability, the LSF5 will reside at frequencies where the signal has a large amount of energy. The modalities are based on the finding of taking this heuristic description literary and quantifying the real distribution of the signal energy. Since the LSF apply this idea only approximately,
<img file="MX353042B_D0041.tif" />
According to the modalities, the LSF concept is omitted and instead the frequency distribution is quantified, such that a smooth or smooth envelope shape can be constructed from that distribution. This concept of the invention is referred to in the following as distribution quantification.
The modalities are based on the quantification and coding of spectral envelopes to be used in the coding of voice and audio. The modalities can, for example, be applied both to central bandwidth envelopes and also to bandwidth extension methods.
According to the modalities, standard envelope modeling techniques, such as, scale factor bands [3,4] and linear predictive models [1] can, for example, be replaced and / or improved.
One object of the modalities is to obtain a quantification, which combines the benefits of both linear predictive procedures and scale factor band-based procedures, while omitting their drawbacks.
According to the modalities, concepts are provided, which have a smooth but quite precise spectral envelope, on the one hand, but on the other hand they can be encoded with a low number of bits (optionally with iMPir:
MEXICAN INSTITUTE <· -Di LA · '
INRUCTRIAL a fixed bit rate) and also performed with reasonable computational complexity.
In the following, embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail with reference to the figures, in which:
The figure illustrates a decoding apparatus for obtaining an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal according to one embodiment,
Figure 2 illustrates a decoding apparatus according to a further embodiment, wherein the apparatus further comprises a split point decoder,
The figure illustrates an apparatus for encoding an envelope of the audio signal according to one embodiment,
The figure illustrates an apparatus for encoding an envelope of the audio signal according to another embodiment, wherein the apparatus further comprises a split point encoder,
Figure 5 illustrates an apparatus for encoding an envelope of the audio signal according to another embodiment, wherein the apparatus for encoding an envelope of the audio signal further comprises an energy determiner,
Figure 6 illustrates three signal envelopes that are described by constant energy blocks according to the modalities.
<img file="MX353042B_D0042.tif" />
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE PP.OIEP.
INDUSTRIAL
Figure 7 illustrates a cumulative representation of the spectra of Figure 6 according to the modalities and
Figure 8 illustrates an interpolated spectral mass envelope, both in an original representation and in a cumulative mass domain representation,
Fig. 9 illustrates a decoding process for decoding split point positions according to one embodiment,
Figure 10 illustrates a pseudocode that implements the decoding of split point positions according to one embodiment,
Figure 11 illustrates a coding process for encoding split points according to one embodiment,
Figure 12 illustrates a pseudocode that implements split point encoding in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure 13 illustrates a split point decoder according to one embodiment,
Figure 14 illustrates an apparatus for encoding an audio signal according to one embodiment,
Fig. 15 illustrates an apparatus for reconstructing an audio signal according to one embodiment,
Figure 16 illustrates an apparatus for generating an envelope of the audio signal from one or more encoding values according to one embodiment,
<img file="MX353042B_D0043.tif" />
FIG. 17 illustrates an apparatus for determining one or more encoding values for encoding an envelope of the audio signal in accordance with one embodiment,
<td>The</td><td>figure</td><td>18 illustrates a</td><td>function</td><td>of</td><td>aggregation</td><td>of</td>
<td>agreement</td><td>with a</td><td>first example and</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The</td><td>figure</td><td>19 illustrates a</td><td>function</td><td>of</td><td>aggregation</td><td>of</td>
<td>agreement</td><td>with a</td><td>second example.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The</td><td>figure</td><td>3 illustrates a</td><td colspan="2">apparatus for</td><td>encode</td><td>a</td>
surround of the audio signal according to a modality.
The apparatus comprises an interface of the audio signal envelope 210 to receive the envelope of the audio signal.
Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a split point determiner 220 for determining, depending on a predefined allocation rule, the value of the envelope portion of the signal for at least one envelope portion of the audio signal of two or plus envelope portions of the audio signal for each of at least two split point settings.
Each of the at least two split point configurations comprises one or more split points, wherein the one or more split points of each of the two or more split point settings divide the envelope of the signal from audio in the two or more envelope portions of the audio signal. The determiner of the point of
<img file="MX353042B_D0044.tif" />
MEXICAN MSTITUTO Ot LA PROHEiJAil industrial division 220 is configured to select the one or more division points of one of the at least two division point configurations as one or more selected division points, to encode the envelope of the audio signal , wherein the split point determiner 220 is configured to select the one or more split points, depending on the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the at least one audio signal envelope portion of the two or more audio signal envelope portions of each of the at least two split point settings.
A split point configuration comprises one or more split points and is defined by its split points. For example, an envelope of the audio signal may comprise 20 samples, 0,. . ., 19 and a configuration with two division points can be defined by its first division point at sample site 3 and by its second division point at sample site 8, for example the configuration of the division can be indicated by tupia (3; 8). If only one split point will be determined, then a single split point indicates the split point setting.
One or more appropriate division points will be determined as one or more selected division points. For this purpose, each of at least two is considered
<img file="MX353042B_D0045.tif" />
i * split point configurations comprise one or more split points. The one or more split points of the most appropriate split point setting are selected. Whether one split point setting is more appropriate than another is determined depending on the value of the determined signal envelope portion which in turn depends on the predefined allocation rule.
Modalities, where each division point configuration has N division points, each possible division point configuration with division points can be considered. However, in some embodiments, not all possible split point configurations, but only two possible split point configurations are considered, at the split point of the most appropriate split point configuration they are chosen as the one or more selected split points.
In modes where only a single split point will be determined, each split point configuration comprises only a single split point. In modes where two split points will be determined, each split point setting comprises two split points. Likewise, in modalities, where N division points will be determined, each division point configuration comprises N division points.
A split point configuration with a single
<img file="MX353042B_D0046.tif" />
Split point divides the envelope of the audio signal into two envelope portions of the audio signal. A split point setting with two split points splits the envelope of the audio signal into three envelope portions of the audio signal. A split point setting with N split points splits the envelope of the audio signal into N + 1 envelope portions of the audio signal.
There is a predefined allocation rule, which assigns the value of the envelope portion of the signal to each of the envelope portions of the audio signal. The predefined allocation rule depends on the envelope portions of the audio signal.
In some embodiments, split points are determined such that each of the envelope portions of the audio signal resulting from the one or more split points that divide the envelope of the audio signal has a value of the portions of signal envelope assigned by the predefined allocation rule which is approximately the same. Thus, since the one or more division points depend on the envelope of the audio signal and the allocation rule, the envelope of the audio signal can be estimated in a decoder, if the allocation rule and the division points they are known in the decoder. This is illustrated, for example, in Figure 6:
IMPI
MEX1CAN OR INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY INSTITUTE
<img file="MX353042B_D0047.tif" />
In Fig. 6 (a), a single split point will be determined for a signal envelope 610. Thus, in this example, the different possible split point configurations are defined by a single split point. In the embodiment of Figure 6 (a), split point 631 is found as the best split point. Split point 631 divides the audio signal envelope 610 into two signal envelope portions. Rectangular block 611 represents the energy of a first signal envelope portion defined by split point 631. Rectangular block 612 represents the energy of a second signal envelope portion defined by split point 631. In the Example of Figure 6 (a), the upper edges of blocks 611 and 612 represent an estimate of the envelope of signal 610.
Such an estimate can be made in a decoder, for example, using the division point 631 as information (for example, if the only division point has the value s = 12, then the division point s is located at position 12) , the information about where the signal envelope begins (in this case at point 638) and the information about where the signal envelope ends (in this case at point 639). The signal envelope can start and can end in fixed values and this information can be available as fixed information in the receiver.
<img file="MX353042B_D0048.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0049.tif" />
Otherwise, this information can be transmitted to the receiver. On the decoder side, the decoder can reconstruct an estimate of the signal envelope, such that the envelope portions of the signal, resulting from split point 631, divide the envelope of the audio signal, obtaining the same assigned value of the predefined allocation rule. In Figure 6 (a), the signal envelope portions of the signal envelope that is defined by the upper edges of blocks 611 and 612 obtain the same value assigned by the allocation rule and represent a good estimate of the signal envelope 610. Instead of using split point 631, the value 621 can also be used as a split point. Furthermore, instead of the starting value 638, the value 628 can be used as the starting value and instead of the ending value 639, the ending value 629 can be used as the ending value. However, not only the encoding of the abscissa value, but also the ordinate value requires more encoding resources and is not necessary.
In Figure 6 (b), three split points will be determined for an envelope of signal 640. Thus, in this example, the different possible split point configurations are defined by three split points. In the embodiment of Figure 6 (b), the division points 661, 662,
<img file="MX353042B_D0050.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0051.tif" />
663 They are found as best split points. Split points 661, 662, 663 divide the 640 audio signal envelope into four signal envelope portions. Rectangular block 641 represents the energy of a first envelope portion of the signal defined by the split points. The rectangular block
642 represents the energy of a second envelope portion of the signal defined by the split points. The rectangular block
643 represents the energy of a third portion of signal envelope defined by the split points. And the rectangular block 644 represents the energy of a fourth defined by the envelope points of the signal portion of
<td>division.</td><td>In</td><td>the</td><td>example of</td><td>the</td><td>figure</td><td>6 (b), the edges</td>
<td>superiors</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>blocks 641,</td><td> 642</td><td> , 643,</td><td>644 represent a</td>
<td>estimate</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>envelope of</td><td>the</td><td>signal</td><td>640. Such an estimate</td>
example, using as you can do in a decoder, for information the division points 661,
662, 663, information about where the signal envelope begins (in this case at point and information about where the signal envelope ends (in this case at point 669).
The signal envelope may start may end in fixed values and this information may be available as fixed information in the receiver.
Otherwise, this information can be transmitted to the receiver. On the decoder side, the decoder can reconstruct a
<img file="MX353042B_D0052.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0053.tif" />
estimation of the signal envelope, such that the signal envelope portions, which result from the split points 661, 662, 663 that divide the audio signal envelope, obtain the same assigned value from the rule predefined allocation. In Figure 6 (b), the signal envelope portions of a signal envelope that is defined by the top edges of blocks 641, 642, 643, 644 obtain the same value assigned by the allocation rule and represent a good estimate of the signal envelope 64 0. Instead of using the split point 661, 662, 663, the values 651, 652, 653 can also be used as split points. Also, instead of the starting value 668, the value 658 can be used as the starting value and instead of the ending value 669, the ending value 659 can be used as the ending value. However, not only the encoding of the abscissa value, but also the ordinate value, requires more encoding resources and is not necessary.
In Figure 6 (c), four split points for a signal envelope 670 will be determined. Thus, in this example, the different possible split point configurations are defined by four split points. In the mode of Figure 6 (c), the division points 691, 692, 693, 694 are found as the best division points. Division points 691, 692, 693, 694 divide the
<img file="MX353042B_D0054.tif" />
670 audio signal envelope in five signal envelope portions. Rectangular block 671 represents the energy of a first envelope portion of the signal defined by the split points. Rectangular block 672 represents the energy of a second envelope portion of the signal defined by the split points. Rectangular block 673 represents the energy of a third envelope portion the signal defined by the split points. Rectangular block 674 represents the energy of a fourth envelope portion of the signal defined by the split points. And rectangular block 675 represents the energy of a fifth envelope portion of the signal defined by the split points. In the example of Figure 6 (c), the top edges of blocks 671, 672, 673, 674, 675 represent an estimate of signal envelope 670. Such estimation can be done in a decoder, for example, using as information the division points 691, 692, 693, 694, the information about where the signal envelope begins (in this case at point 698) and the information where the signal envelope ends (in this case at point 699). The signal envelope can start and can end in fixed values and this information can be available as fixed information in the receiver. Otherwise, this information can be transmitted to the receiver. On the decoder side, the
<img file="MX353042B_D0055.tif" />
decoder can reconstruct an estimate of the signal envelope, such that the signal envelope portions, which result from the split points 691, 692, 693, 694 that divide the audio signal envelope, obtain the same assigned value of the predefined allocation rule. In Figure 6 (c), the signal envelope portions of a signal envelope that is defined by the top edges of blocks 671, 672, 673, 674 obtain the same value assigned by the allocation rule and represent a good estimate of signal envelope 670. Instead of using split point 691, 692, 693, 694, values 681, 682, 683, 684 can also be used as split points. Also, instead of the initial value 698, the value 688 can be used as the starting value and instead of the final value 699, the final value 689 can be used as the final value. However, not only the abscissa encoding, but also the ordinate value, requires more encoding resources and is not necessary.
As a further particular embodiment, the following example can be considered:
A signal envelope that is represented in a spectral domain will be encoded. The signal envelope may comprise, for example, n spectral values, (eg employ, n = 33).
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Different portions of the signal envelope can now be considered. For example, a first signal envelope portion may comprise the first 10 spectral values v¿ (i = 0,..., 9; i is an index of the spectral value) and the second signal envelope portion may comprise the last 23 spectral values (i = 10,..., 32).
In one embodiment, a predefined allocation rule may be, for example, that the value of the envelope portion of the signal p (m) of an envelope portion of the spectral signal m with spectral values v<sub>0</sub>, Saw, . . . , V<sub>s</sub>_i is the energy of the envelope portion of the spectral signal, eg upper limit p (m) = V v?
i = inferier where lower limit is the value of the lower limit of the envelope portion of signal m and where upper limit is the value of the upper limit of the envelope portion of signal m.
The value of the envelope portion of the signal 110 can assign a value of the envelope portion of the signal according to a formula to one or more of the envelope portions of the audio signal.
<img file="MX353042B_D0056.tif" />
Split point determiner 220 is now configured to determine one or more values of the envelope portion of the signal, in accordance with the predefined allocation rule. In particular, the split point determiner 220 is configured to determine the one or more values of the envelope portion of the signal, depending on the allocation rule, such that the value of the envelope portion of the signal of each of the two or more envelope portions of the signal is (approximately) equal to the value of the envelope portion
<td>of the</td><td>signal of</td><td>every</td><td>a</td><td>of the</td><td colspan="2">other envelope portions</td>
<td>of the</td><td>signal of</td><td>the</td><td>two</td><td>or more</td><td>envelope portions of</td><td>the</td>
<td>signal.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="3">For example,</td><td>in</td><td>a</td><td>particular modality,</td><td>the</td>
Split point determiner 220 may be configured to determine a single split point only. In such an embodiment, two signal envelope portions, for example, signal envelope portion 1 (m = 1) and signal envelope portion 2 (m = 2) are defined by the split point s For example, according to the formulas:
<img file="MX353042B_D0057.tif" />
INSTITUTO Μ de La ps
<img file="MX353042B_D0058.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0059.tif" />
it where n indicates the number of samples of the envelope of the audio signal, for example, the number of spectral values of the envelope of the audio signal. In the example above, n can be, for example, n = 33.
The determiner of the value of the envelope portion of the signal 110 can assign such a value of the envelope portion of the signal p (l) to the envelope portion of the audio signal 1 and such a value of the envelope portion of the the signal p (2) to the envelope portion of the audio signal
2.
In some embodiments, both values of the signal envelope portion p (l), p (2) are determined. However, in some embodiments, only one of both values of the envelope portion of the signal is considered. For example, if the total energy is known. Then, it is sufficient to determine the division point, such that p (l) is approximately 50% of the total energy.
In some embodiments, s (k) can be selected from a set of possible values, for example, from a set
<img file="MX353042B_D0060.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0061.tif" />
of integer index values, for example {0; one; 2; . . .; 32}. In other embodiments, s (k) can be selected from a set of possible values, for example, from a set of frequency values indicating a set of frequency bands.
In modalities, where more than one division point will be determined, a formula representing the accumulated energy can be considered, which accumulates the sample energies until just before the division point s
<img file="MX353042B_D0062.tif" />
If N division points are to be determined, then the points
<td>division</td><td>s (l), s (2),. . . , s (N) are determined, so</td>
<td>Way that:</td><td>rf # -<sup>1</sup> , Total energy and <sub>Vj</sub>7 H.H ------------ S ^ + 1</td>
where total energy is the total energy of the signal envelope.
In one embodiment, the division point s (k) can be chosen, so that
<img file="MX353042B_D0063.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0064.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0065.tif" />
is minimal.
Thus, according to one embodiment, the splitter point determiner 220 may be configured, for example, to determine the one or more split points s (k), such that
<img file="MX353042B_D0066.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0067.tif" />
is minimal, where total energy indicates total energy and where k indicates the k-th division point of the one or more division points and where N indicates the number of the one or more division points.
In another embodiment, if split point determiner 220 is configured to select only one split point s, then split point determiner 220 can test all possible split points s = 1, ..., 32.
In some embodiments, split point determiner 220 may select the best value for split point s, for example split point s, where
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF? ROHEDAL · INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX353042B_D0068.tif" />
rf = | pp) - p (l | =
<img file="MX353042B_D0069.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0070.tif" />
teO is minimal.
According to one embodiment, the value of the signal envelope portion of each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions may, for example, depend on one or more energy values or one or more power values of such envelope portion of the signal. Otherwise, the value of the signal envelope portion of each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions may, for example, depend on any other appropriate value to reconstruct an original level or a target level of the audio signal envelope.
According to one embodiment, the envelope of the audio signal may, for example, be represented in a spectral domain or in a time domain.
The figure illustrates an apparatus for encoding the envelope of the audio signal according to another embodiment, wherein the apparatus further comprises a split point encoder 225 for encoding the one or more split points, for example, according to a encoding rule, to get one or more encoding
<img file="MX353042B_D0071.tif" />
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Division point encoder 225 may, for example, be configured to encode a position of each of the one or more division points, to obtain one or more encoded points. Division point encoder 225 may, for example, be configured to encode a position of each of the one or more division points by encoding a state number of division points. In addition, the division point encoder 225 may, for example, be configured to provide a number of total positions indicating the total number of possible division point positions and the number of division points indicating the number of one or more. split points. The division point status number, the number of total positions, and the number of division points together indicate the position of each of the one or more division points.
Fig. 5 illustrates an apparatus for encoding an envelope of the audio signal, according to another embodiment, wherein the apparatus for encoding an envelope of the audio signal further comprises an energy determiner 230.
According to one embodiment, the apparatus may, for example, further comprise an energy determiner (230) for determining the total energy of the signal envelope
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE rkOflEUAL ·
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX353042B_D0072.tif" />
audio and to encode the total energy of the audio signal envelope.
In another embodiment, however, the apparatus may, for example, be further configured to determine any other appropriate value for reconstructing an original or target level of the audio signal envelope. Instead of the total energy, a plurality of other values are appropriate to reconstruct an original level or a target level of the envelope of the audio signal. For example, as already mentioned, envelope scaling can be implemented in various ways and since it can correspond to the energy signal or spectral mass or the like (an absolute size) or it can be a scaling factor or gain factor (a relative size), it can be encoded as an absolute or relative value or it can be encoded by a difference with a previous value or a combination of previous values. In some cases, the escalation may also be irrelevant or inferred from other available data. The envelope will be rebuilt to its original level or target level.
Figure 14 illustrates an apparatus for encoding an audio signal. The apparatus comprises an encoding apparatus 1410, according to one of the embodiments described above for encoding an envelope of the audio signal from the audio signal, by generating one or more signal points.
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE M LA RROHEDAI? INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX353042B_D0073.tif" />
division and a secondary signal characteristic encoder 1420 to encode an additional signal characteristic of the audio signal, the additional signal characteristic is different from the envelope of the audio signal. The person skilled in the art is aware that, from an envelope of the signal of an audio signal and an additional signal characteristic of the audio signal, the audio signal itself can be reconstructed. For example, the signal envelope may indicate, for example, the power of the audio signal samples. The additional signal feature may indicate, for example, for each sample of, for example, a time domain audio signal, whether the sample has a positive or negative value.
Figure 1 illustrates a decoding apparatus for obtaining an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal according to one embodiment.
The apparatus comprises signal envelope reconstructor 110 to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope depending on one or more split points.
Furthermore, the apparatus comprises an output interface 120 for outputting the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal.
The signal envelope reconstructor 110 is configured to generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal, such that the one or more points of
<img file="MX353042B_D0074.tif" />
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THE MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY divides the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the audio signal.
A predefined allocation rule defines a value of
<td>Serving</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td><td>Of the signal</td><td>for each serving</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal</td><td>Of the two</td><td>or more servings</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal,</td><td>depending</td><td>of the portion</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
Furthermore, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its signal envelope portion is greater than half the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of each of the other signal envelope portions.
With respect to the absolute value a of a value of the envelope portion of the signal x means:
If x 0, then a = x;
If x <0, then a = -x;
If all the values of the envelope portion of the signal are positive, this formulation above means that the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal is generated
IMPIA® /
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF THE PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL in such a way that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, its value of the signal envelope portion is greater than half the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the other envelope portions of the signal.
In a particular embodiment, the value of the portion of
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal</td><td>decade</td><td>a</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>servings</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td colspan="2">the signal is the same</td><td colspan="2">to value</td><td>of</td><td>Serving</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the sign of</td><td colspan="2">each of</td><td>the</td><td>other</td><td>s portions</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal</td><td>of the</td><td>two</td><td>or</td><td>plus</td><td>servings</td><td>of</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
However, in the more general embodiment of Figure 1, the envelope of the audio signal is reconstructed such that the values of the signal envelope portion of the signal envelope portions do not have to be exactly the same. . Instead, a certain degree of tolerance (a certain margin) is allowed.
The formulation such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its signal envelope portion value is greater than half the absolute value of the signal envelope value. signal envelope of each of the other signal envelope portions, for example, can be understood to mean that, while the largest absolute value of all values of the signal envelope portion
<img file="MX353042B_D0076.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0077.tif" />
does not have twice the size of the smallest absolute value of all the values of the envelope portion of the signal, the required condition is satisfied.
For example, a set of four values of the envelope portion of the signal {0.23; 0.28; 0.19; 0.30} satisfies the previous requirement, since 0.30 <2 0.19 = 0.38. Another set of four values of the envelope portion of the signal, however, {0.24; 0.16; 0.35; 0.25} does not satisfy the required condition, since 0.35> 2 · 0.16 = 0.32.
On the decoder side, the signal envelope rebuilder 110 is configured to reconstruct the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that the envelope portions of the audio signal resulting from the split points dividing the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal have values of the envelope portion of the signal that are approximately equal. Thus, the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the two or more signal envelope portions is greater than half the value of
<td>Serving</td><td colspan="3">signal envelope of each</td><td colspan="2">of the others</td>
<td>servings</td><td>of</td><td>signal envelope</td><td>the</td><td>two or</td><td>plus</td>
<td>servings</td><td colspan="2">signal envelope.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="2">In such</td><td>modalities, the values of</td><td>the</td><td>portion</td><td>of</td>
signal envelope the signal envelope portions will be approximately equal but do not have to be
<img file="MX353042B_D0078.tif" />
exactly the same.
The requirement that the values of the signal envelope portion of the signal envelope portions be fairly equal indicates to the decoder how the signal will be reconstructed. When the envelope portions of the signal are reconstructed such that the values of the envelope portion of the signal are exactly the same, the degree of freedom in the reconstruction of the signal on the decoder side is severely restricted.
The more the envelope envelope portion values of the signal can deviate from each other, the more freedom the decoder has to adjust the envelope of the audio signal, according to the specification on the decoder side. For example, when an envelope of the spectral audio signal is encoded, some decoders may prefer to put more, for example, energy in the lower frequency bands, while other decoders may prefer to put more, for example, energy in the bands. higher frequencies. Furthermore, by allowing some tolerance, a limited number of rounding errors, eg caused by quantization and / or dequantization, may be allowable.
In one embodiment, in signal envelope 110 where the reconstructor is rebuilding fairly accurately, the signal envelope reconstructor 110
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<img file="MX353042B_D0079.tif" />
It is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its signal envelope portion value is greater than 90%. of the absolute value of the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the other signal envelope portions.
According to one embodiment, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 may, for example, be configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions , the absolute value of your signal envelope portion value is greater than 99% of the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of each of the other signal envelope portions.
In another embodiment, however, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 may, for example, be configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the two or more signal envelope portions is equal to the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the other signal envelope portions of the two or more signal envelope portions.
<img file="MX353042B_D0080.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0081.tif" />
In one embodiment, the value of the signal envelope portion of each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions may depend, for example, on one or more energy values or one or more power values of such a signal envelope portion.
According to one embodiment, the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal may, for example, be represented in a spectral domain or in a time domain.
Fig. 2 illustrates a decoding apparatus according to a further embodiment, wherein the apparatus further comprises a split point decoder 105 for decoding one or more encoded points, according to a decoding rule for obtaining the one or more points. division.
In accordance with one embodiment, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 may, for example, be configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, depending on the total energy value indicating the total energy of the signal envelope envelope. reconstructed audio or depending on any other appropriate value to reconstruct an original level or a target level of the audio signal envelope.
Now, to illustrate the present invention in more detail, particular embodiments are provided.
According to a particular modality, a concept is
<img file="MX353042B_D0082.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0083.tif" />
divide the frequency band into two parts, so that both halves have equal energy. This idea is illustrated in Figure 6 (a), where the envelope, that is, the general shape, is described by blocks of constant energy.
The idea can then be applied recursively, such that both of the two halves are further divided into two halves, which have equal energy. This procedure is illustrated in Figure 6 (b).
More generally, the spectrum can be divided into N blocks, such that each block has 1 / N-th of the energy. In Figure 6 (c), this is illustrated with N = 5.
To reconstruct these constant spectral envelopes from block to block in the decoder, the frequency boundaries of the blocks and for example the overall energy can for example be transmitted. The energy boundaries then correspond, but only in a heuristic sense, to the LSF representation of the LPC.
Until now, explanations have been provided regarding the energy envelope abs (x)<sup>2</sup> of a signal x. In other modalities, however, the envelope of magnitude abs (x), some others the power abs (x)<sup>n</sup> spectrum or any perceptually motivated representation (eg, loudness) is modeled. Instead of energy, you could refer to the term spectral mass and assume that it describes a
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX353042B_D0084.tif" />
proper representation of the spectrum.
The only important thing is that it is possible to calculate the cumulative sum of the spectrum representation, that is, that the representation has only positive values.
However, if a sequence is not positive, it can be converted to a positive sequence by adding a sufficiently large constant, by taking its cumulative sum by any other appropriate operation.
Similarly, a complex value sequence can for example be converted to,
1) two sequences, of which one is purely real and one is purely imaginary or
2) two sequences, of which the first represents the magnitude and the second the phase. These two sequences can then in both cases be modeled as two separate envelopes.
Also, it is not necessary to restrict the model to spectral envelope models, any form of envelope can be described with the current model. For example, Temporal Noise Formation (TNS) [6] is a standard tool in audio codes, which models the temporal envelope of a signal. Since our method models envelopes, it can equally well be applied to time domain signals as well.
Similarly, bandwidth extension methods
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INDUSTRIAL: -S (BWE) apply spectral envelopes to model the spectral shape of the higher frequencies and the proposed method can thus be applied to BWE as well.
Figure 17 illustrates an apparatus for determining one or more encoding values for encoding an envelope of the audio signal in accordance with one embodiment.
The apparatus comprises an aggregator 1710 for determining an aggregate value for each of a plurality of argument values. The plurality of argument values are arranged such that a first argument value of the plurality of argument values either precedes or succeeds a second argument value of the plurality of argument values, when such a second argument value is different from the first argument value.
An envelope value is assigned to each of the argument values, where the envelope value of each of the argument values depends on the envelope of the audio signal and where the aggregator is configured to determine the value aggregate for each argument value of the plurality of argument values, depending on the envelope value of the argument value and depending on the envelope value of each of the plurality of argument values preceding that argument value.
Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a coding unit
<img file="MX353042B_D0085.tif" />
1720 to determine one or encoding values, depending on one or more of the aggregate values of the plurality of argument values.
For example, encoding unit 1720 can generate the previously described split points encoding, for example,
Figure 8 illustrates according to
Enter envelopes like the one or more values described above.
a function a first example.
other things, Figure 18 example, 4th aggregation audio signal 1810 illustrates 16 points of an audio signal envelope.
The envelope point of the is indicated by the sign of the 8th reference point 1828.
of argument and manner, the component considered
By value as in an envelope system of reference 1824 and envelope is indicated
Each point of an enveloping envelope argument value.
can the value of the a component and the by the sign of comprises a value
Exposed of another being considered as an envelope can be point of the envelope x-y coordinates. so, as you can see in figural8, the argument value
1824 is 4 and the envelope value is from the 4th point of the 4th envelope envelope point
3. As another example, envelope 1828 is 8 and envelope is 2. In the value the argument value of the 8th envelope point of the 4th point other modalities, the argument values may not indicate an index number, as in the
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18, but can, for example, indicate a center frequency of a spectral band, if, for example, it is considered a spectral envelope, such that, for example, a first argument value can then be 300 Hz, a second argument value can be 500 Hz, etc. Otherwise, for example, in other modes, the argument values can indicate points in time, if, for example, it is considered a time envelope.
The aggregation function 1810 comprises a plurality of aggregation points. For example, consider the 4th aggregation point 1814 and the 8th aggregation point 1818.
Each aggregation point comprises an argument value and an aggregation value.
Similarly as before, the argument value can be considered as an x component and the aggregation value can be considered as a y component of the aggregation point, in an x y coordinate system. In Figure 18, the argument value of the 4th aggregation point 1814 is 4 and the aggregation value of the 4th aggregation point 1818 is 7. As another example, the argument value of the 8th envelope point is 8 and the value of envelope of the 4th envelope point is 13.
The aggregation value of each aggregation point of the aggregation function 1810 depends on the value of the envelope of the envelope point that has the same argument value as the considered aggregation point and also depends on the
<img file="MX353042B_D0087.tif" />
Envelope value of each argument preceding example in Figure 18, aggregation 1814, its value of one of the plurality of values to the argument value. Regarding the 4th point of aggregation, it depends on the envelope value of the 4th point of envelope 1824, since this envelope point has the same argument value as the point of aggregation and also depends on the envelope values of the points of envelope 1821, 1822 and 1823, since the
<td>values of</td><td>argument</td><td>of</td><td>these</td><td colspan="2">envelope points 1821,</td>
<td> 1822, 1823</td><td>precede</td><td>the</td><td>value</td><td>of</td><td>point argument</td>
<td>enveloping</td><td> 1824 .</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>At</td><td>example of</td><td>the</td><td>figure</td><td> 18,</td><td>the aggregation value of</td>
each aggregation point is determined by adding the envelope value of the corresponding envelope point and the envelope values of its envelope points
<td>precedents. So,</td><td>the</td><td>goes</td><td>lor</td><td>aggregation</td><td>of the</td><td>4th</td><td colspan="2">point</td><td>of</td>
<td>aggregation is 1 +</td><td> 2</td><td> +</td><td> 1 +</td><td>3 = 7 (since</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">value</td><td>of</td><td>the</td>
<td>1st envelope</td><td colspan="2">point</td><td>of</td><td>envelope is 1,</td><td>already</td><td>than</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">value</td>
<td colspan="2">of the envelope of the</td><td>2nd</td><td colspan="2">envelope point</td><td>is</td><td> 2,</td><td>already</td><td>than</td><td>the</td>
value of the envelope of the 3rd envelope point is 1 and since the value of the envelope of the 4th envelope point is
3). Correspondingly, the aggregation value of the 8th aggregation point is 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 13.
The aggregation function is monotonically increased. This means, for example, that each aggregation point of the aggregation function (which has a
<img file="MX353042B_D0088.tif" />
predecessor) has an aggregation value that is greater than or equal to the aggregation value of its immediately preceding aggregation point. For example, with respect to the aggregation function 1810, for example, the aggregation value of the 4th aggregation point 1814 is greater than or equal to the aggregation value of the 3rd aggregation point; the aggregation value of the 8th aggregation point 1818 is greater than or equal to the aggregation value of the 7th aggregation point 1817 and so on and this is true for all the aggregation points of the aggregation function.
Figure 19 shows another example for the aggregation function, there, the aggregation function 1910. In the example in Figure 19, the aggregation value of each point of aggregation is determined by adding the square of the value of the envelope of the point corresponding envelope values and the squares of the envelope values of their
<td>preceding envelope</td><td> •</td><td>So,</td><td colspan="2">for example for</td><td>obtain</td><td>the</td>
<td colspan="2">aggregation value of</td><td>4th</td><td>Point of</td><td colspan="2">1914 aggregation,</td><td>the</td>
<td>square of the value of</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">envelope of</td><td>Point of</td><td colspan="2">enveloping</td>
<td>corresponding 1924</td><td>and</td><td>the</td><td>squares</td><td>of the</td><td>values</td><td>of</td>
envelope of its preceding envelope points 1921, 1922 and 1923 are addends, resulting in 2<sup>2</sup> + l<sup>2</sup> + 2<sup>2</sup> + l<sup>2</sup> = 10. So that the value of aggregation of the 4th point of aggregation 1914 in figure 19 is 10. In figure 19, the
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FROM THE INDUSTRIAL MARKET - Reference signs 1931, 1933, 1935 and 1936 indicate the squares of the envelope values of the respective envelope points, respectively.
What can also be seen in Figures 18 and 19 is that the aggregation functions provide an efficient way to determine division points. Split points are an example of encoding values. In Figure 18, the largest aggregation value of all division points (this can be, for example, a total energy) is 20.
For example, if only one division point is to be determined, that argument value of the aggregation point may, for example, be chosen as the division point, which is equal to or close to 10 (50% of 20). In figure 18, this argument value would be 6 and the single division point would be for example 6.
If three division points are to be determined, the argument values of the aggregation points can be
<td>chosen</td><td>how</td><td>points</td><td>division,</td><td colspan="2">which are equal to or</td>
<td>nearby</td><td>to 5,</td><td> 10</td><td>and 15 (25%,</td><td>50% and 75%</td><td>of 20),</td>
<td colspan="2">respectively.</td><td>In the</td><td colspan="2">Figure 18, these values of</td><td>argument</td>
<td>would be already</td><td>let 3</td><td>or 4,</td><td>6 and 11. Thus,</td><td>the points of</td><td>division</td>
<td>chosen</td><td>would</td><td colspan="2">either 3, 6 and 11</td><td>or it would be 4, 6</td><td>and 11. In</td>
Other modalities, non-integer values can be allowed as division points and then, in Figure 18, the points of
<img file="MX353042B_D0089.tif" />
Certain divisions would be, for example, 3.33, 6 and 11.
Thus, according to some modalities, the aggregator can, for example, be configured to determine the aggregate value for each argument value of the plurality of argument values by adding the envelope value of the argument value and the envelope values of the argument values that precede that argument value.
In one embodiment, the envelope value of each of the argument values may indicate, for example, the energy value of an audio signal envelope that has the audio signal envelope as the signal envelope.
According to one embodiment, the envelope value of each of the argument values may indicate, for example, an nth power of a spectral value of an audio signal envelope that has the audio signal envelope as the signal envelope, where n is an even integer greater than zero.
In one embodiment, the envelope value of each of the argument values may indicate, for example, a nth power of an amplitude value of an envelope of the audio signal, which is represented in a time domain and which has the envelope of the audio signal as the envelope of the signal, where n is an even integer greater than zero.
<img file="MX353042B_D0090.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0091.tif" />
According to one embodiment, the encoding unit may, for example, be configured to determine the one or more encoding values, depending on one or more of the aggregate values of the argument values and depending on the number of encoding values, indicating how many values are to be determined by the encoding unit as the one or more encoding values.
In one embodiment, the encoding unit, for example, may be configured to determine the one or more encoding values according to:
<img file="MX353042B_D0092.tif" />
. <sub>Λ</sub> , max (<i) where c (k) indicates the k-th encoding value to be determined by the encoding unit, where j indicates the j-th argument value of the plurality of argument values, where a (j) indicates the aggregate value that is assigned to the j-th argument value, where max (a) indicates the maximum value that is one of the aggregate values that are assigned to one of the argument values, where none of the aggregate values that are assigned to one of the argument values is greater than the maximum value and where:
<img file="MX353042B_D0093.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0094.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0095.tif" />
indicates a minimum value that is one of the argument values for which:
max (¿r
Ñ ~~ is minimal.
Figure 16 illustrates an apparatus for generating an envelope of the audio signal from one or more encoding values in accordance with one embodiment.
The apparatus comprises an input interface 1610 for receiving the one or more encoding values and an envelope generator 1620 for generating the envelope of the audio signal, depending on the one or more encoding values.
Envelope generator 1620 is configured to generate an aggregation function depending on the one or more encoding values, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points comprises an argument value and an aggregation value, where the aggregation function increases monotonically.
Each of the one or more encoding values indicates at least one of the argument value and the value of
<img file="MX353042B_D0096.tif" />
aggregation of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. This means that each of the encoding values specifies an argument value of one of the aggregation points or specifies an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points or specifies both an argument value and an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. In other words, each of the one or more encoding values indicates the argument value and / or the aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function.
Furthermore, the envelope generator 1620 is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the envelope of the audio signal comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises a value of argument and a value of the envelope and where, for each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, one of the envelope points of the audio signal envelope is assigned to such an aggregation point, such that the argument value of the envelope point is equal to the argument value of such an aggregation point. Furthermore, the envelope generator 1620 is configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the value of the envelope of each of the envelope points of the envelope of the audio signal depends on the value of
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<img file="MX353042B_D0097.tif" />
aggregation of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function.
According to one embodiment, the envelope generator 1620, for example, can be configured to determine the aggregation function by determining one of the aggregation points for each of the one or more encoding values depending on the encoding value and by interpolation application, to obtain the aggregation function, depending on the aggregation point of each of the one or more encoding values.
In accordance with one embodiment, input interface 1610 may be configured to receive one or more division values such as the one or more encoding values. Envelope generator 1620 may be configured to generate the aggregation function, depending on the one or more division values, where each of the one or more division values indicates the aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. In addition, the envelope generator 1620 may be configured to generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal, such that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions of the audio signal. A predefined allocation rule defines a value of the envelope portion of the signal, for each envelope portion of the signal.
<img file="MX353042B_D0098.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0099.tif" />
signal from the two or more envelope portions of the signal, depending on the envelope portion of the signal. Furthermore, envelope generator 1620 may be configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope, such that, for each of the two or more signal envelope portions, the absolute value of its portion value of signal envelope is greater than half the absolute value of the signal envelope portion value of each of the other signal envelope portions.
In one embodiment, the envelope generator 1620 for example, may be configured to determine the first derivative of the aggregation function at a plurality of the aggregation function aggregation points.
According to one embodiment, the envelope generator 1620 for example, can be configured to generate the aggregation function, depending on the encoding values, such that the aggregation function has a continuous first derivative.
In other embodiments, an LPC model can be derived from the quantized spectral envelopes. Taking the inverse Fourier transform of the power spectrum abs (x)<sup>2</sup>, autocorrelation is obtained. From this autocorrelation, an LPC model can be easily calculated using conventional methods. Such a LPC model
<img file="MX353042B_D0100.tif" />
It can then be used to create a smooth envelope.
According to some modalities, a smooth envelope can be obtained by modeling the blocks with splines or other interpolation methods. Interpolations are most conveniently performed by modeling the cumulative sum of spectral mass.
The figure illustrates the same spectra as in figure 6 but with their cumulative masses. Line
710 illustrates a cumulative mass line of the original signal envelope.
Points 721 in (a), 751, 752, 753 in (b) and
781, 782,
783, 784 in (c) indicate where the division points should be located.
The step sizes between points 738, 721 and 729 in
Also, the step sizes between the points
768, 751,
752,
753 and 759 on the y-axis in (b) are constants.
Also, the step sizes between points 798, 781,
782, 783,
784 and 789 on the y-axis in (c) are constants. The dotted line between the points
729 and
739 indicates the total value.
<td>In (a),</td><td>point 721</td><td colspan="4">indicates the position of the point</td><td>of</td>
<td>division 731</td><td>on the x axis.</td><td>In</td><td>(b), the points</td><td> 751,</td><td>752 and</td><td> 753</td>
<td>indicate the po</td><td>sition of the</td><td colspan="2">split points</td><td> 761,</td><td>762 and</td><td> 763</td>
<td>on the x axis,</td><td colspan="2">respectively.</td><td>Also, in (</td><td>cl,</td><td colspan="2">points</td>
<td colspan="3">781, 782, 783 and 784 indicate</td><td>the position of</td><td>the</td><td>points</td><td>of</td>
<td>division 791,</td><td>792, 793 and</td><td> 794</td><td colspan="4">on the x axis, respectively.</td>
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MEXICAN INSTITUTE • L THE PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX353042B_D0101.tif" />
The dotted lines between points 729 and 739, the points
759 and 769 and points 789 and 799, respectively, indicate the total value.
It should be noted that points 721; 751, 752, 753; 781,
782, 783, and 784, which indicate the position of the division points 731;
761, 762, 763;
791, 792,
793 and
794, respectively, are always on the cumulative mass line of the envelope of the original signal the step sizes on the axis and are constant.
In this domain, the cumulative spectral mass can be interpolated using any conventional interpolation algorithm.
To obtain a continuous representation in the original domain, the cumulative domain must have a first continuous derivative. For example, interpolation can be done using splines, such that for the k-th block, the end points of the spline are kE / N and (k + 1) E / N, where E is the total mass of the spectrum. Furthermore, the derivative of the spline at the end points can be specified, in order to obtain a continuous envelope in the original domain.
One possibility is to specify the derivative (the slope) for the division point k as:
<img file="MX353042B_D0102.tif" />
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
DE LA ΓΠΟΡ, ΈΓΆί) INDUSTRIAL · 'íi \ c (fc + l) -c (il) inclination m = -) (—-— í / (£ + 1) - / (^ 1) where c (k) is the energy accumulated at the division point k and f (k) is the frequency of the division point k.
More generally, the points k-1, k, and k + 1 can be any type of encoding values.
In accordance with one embodiment, the envelope generator 1620 is configured to determine the envelope of the audio signal by determining the ratio of a first difference to a second difference. Such a first difference is the difference between a first aggregation value (c (k + 1)) of a first of the aggregation points of the aggregation function and a second aggregation value (c (k - 1) or c (k) ) of a second one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. Such a second difference is a difference between a first argument value (f (k + 1)) of the first of the aggregation points of the aggregation function and a second argument value (f (k - 1) and / or (k )) of the second of the aggregation points of the aggregation function.
In a particular embodiment, the envelope generator 1620 is configured to determine the envelope of the audio signal by applying:
IMPI íí'Y
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF PROPERTY V n INOUSTRJAL mc & iacióii (£) = / (ir + 1) - / (4--1) where inclination (k) indicates the derivative of the aggregation function in the k-th coding value, where c (k + 1) is a first aggregation value, where f (k + 1) is the first argument value, where c (k - 1) is the second aggregation value, where f (k - 1) is the second argument value, where k is an integer indicating an index of one of the one or more encoding values, where c (k + 1) - c (k - 1) is the first difference of the two aggregate values c (k + 1) and c (k - 1) and where f (k + 1) f (k - 1 ) is the second difference of the two argument values f (k + 1) and f (k - 1).
For example, c (k + 1) is the first aggregation value, which is assigned to the k + 1 th encoding value, f (k + 1) is the first argument value, which is assigned to the k + 1 th value. encoding, c (k - 1) is the second aggregation value, which is assigned to the k-1 th encoding value, f (k - 1) is the second argument value, which is assigned to the k - 1 th value coding.
In another embodiment, the envelope generator 1620 is configured to determine the envelope of the audio signal by applying:
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OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX353042B_D0103.tif" />
inclination (ty = 0.5 · where inclination (k) indicates the derivative of the aggregation function at the k-th coding value, where c (k + 1) is the first aggregation value, where f (k + 1) is the first argument value, where c (k) is the second aggregation value, where f (k) is the second argument value, where c (k - 1) is a third aggregation value of a third of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, where f (k - 1) is a third argument value of the third of the aggregation function's aggregation points, where k is an integer indicating the index of one or more encoding values, where c ( k + 1) - c (k) is the first difference of the two aggregate values c (k + 1) and c (k) and where f (k + 1) - f (k) is the second difference of the two values of argument f (k + 1) and f (k).
For example, c (k + 1) is the first aggregation value, which is assigned to the k + 1 th encoding value. f (k + 1) is the first argument value, which is assigned to the k + 1 th encoding value. c (k) is the second aggregation value, which is assigned to the kth encoding value. f (k) is the second argument value, which is assigned to the k-th encoding value. c (k - 1) is the
<img file="MX353042B_D0104.tif" />
Τ 'ί
<img file="MX353042B_D0105.tif" />
third aggregation value, which is assigned to the k - 1 th encoding value. f (k - 1) is the third argument value, which is assigned to the k - 1 th encoding value.
By specifying that an aggregation value is assigned to a k-th encoding value, this means for example that the k-th encoding value indicates the aggregation value and / or that the k-th encoding value indicates the value of argument of the aggregation point to which the aggregation value belongs.
By specifying that an argument value is assigned to a k-th encoding value, this means for example that the k-th encoding value indicates the argument value and / or that the k-th encoding value indicates the value The aggregation point of the aggregation point to which the argument value belongs.
In particular embodiments, the encoding values k-1, k, and k + 1 are division points, for example, as described above.
For example, in one embodiment, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 of FIG. 1 may, for example, be configured to generate an aggregation function, depending on the one or more division points, where the aggregation function comprises a plurality of aggregation points, where each of the aggregation points
<img file="MX353042B_D0106.tif" />
it comprises an argument value and an aggregation value, where the aggregation function increases monotonically and where each of the one or more division points indicates at least one of an argument value and an aggregation value of one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function.
In such an embodiment, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 may, for example, be configured to generate the audio signal envelope, such that the audio signal envelope comprises a plurality of envelope points, where each of the envelope points comprises an argument value and an envelope value and where an envelope point of the envelope of the audio signal is assigned to each of the aggregation points of the aggregation function, such that the argument value of such an envelope point is equal to the argument value of the aggregation point.
Furthermore, in such an embodiment, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 may, for example, be configured to generate the envelope of the audio signal, such that the envelope value of each of the envelope envelope points The audio signal depends on the aggregation value of at least one aggregation point of the aggregation function.
In a particular modality, the reconstructor of
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INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX353042B_D0107.tif" />
signal envelope 110 may, for example, be configured to determine the audio signal envelope by determining the ratio of a first difference to a second difference, the first difference being a difference between a first aggregation value (c (k +1)) of a first of the aggregation points of the aggregation function and a second aggregation value (c (k - 1); c (k)) of a second one of the aggregation points of the aggregation function and such second difference is a difference between a first argument value (f (k + 1)) of the first of the aggregation points of the function of aggregation and a second argument value (f (k - 1); f (k)) of the second of the aggregation points of the aggregation function. For this purpose, the signal envelope rebuilder 110 may be configured to implement one of the concepts described above, as explained for the envelope generator 1620.
The leftmost and rightmost edges cannot use the equation above, because c (k) and f (k) are not available outside their definition range. Those c (k) and f (k) that are outside the range of k are then replaced by the values at the end points themselves, such that:
/.·
V. '· <: R
<img file="MX353042B_D0108.tif" />
4Q- c (0) / (1) - / (0)
TMPI .Zh «i. _ »* L
INSTITUTE v. EXiCANu
LÍE lA FHC'FJEi'AO INDUSTRIAL inclination (o) = inclination (N -1) = r (.Vl) -¿-GV-2) / CV-l) - / (W-2)
Because there are four constraints (cumulative mass and inclination at both end points), the corresponding groove can be chosen to be of the 4th polynomial order.
Figure 8 illustrates an example of the interpolated spectral mass envelope, both in (a) the original signal envelope and (b) the cumulative mass domain.
In (a), the envelope of the original signal is indicated by 810 and the envelope of the interpolated spectral mass is indicated by 820. The split points are indicated by 831, 832, 833 and 834, respectively. 838 indicates the start of the signal envelope and 839 indicates the end of the signal envelope.
In (b), 840 indicates the envelope of the accumulated original signal and 850 indicates the envelope of accumulated spectral mass. The division points are indicated by 861, 862, 863 and 864, respectively. The position of the split points is indicated by points 851, 852, 853 and 854 on the
INSTITUTE MΗΧΙΟ.ΝΟ AND * '. ···'. <· ”>
OF THE PHCPÍLD '.D
IND'JST.UAL <sup>x</sup>'--envelope of the original accumulated 840 signal, respectively. 868 indicates the start of the original signal envelope and 869 indicates the end of the original signal envelope on the x-axis. The line between 869 and 859 indicates the total value.
The modalities provide concepts for coding the frequencies that separate the blocks. Frequencies represent an order list of scalars f<sub>k</sub>, this is, f<sub>k</sub> <f<sub>k</sub> + i. If there are K + 1 blocks, then there are K division points.
Also, if there are N levels of quantification, then there are possible quantifications.
For example, with 32 quantization levels and 5 split points, there are 201376 possible quantizations that can be encoded with 18 bits.
It should be noted that the Transient Addressing Decorrelator (TSD) tool in MPEG USAC [5] has a similar problem of encoding K positions with an interval from 0 to N - 1, whereby the same enumeration technique can be used or a similar enumeration technique to encode the frequencies of the
<img file="MX353042B_D0109.tif" />
<sub>(</sub><ñ. ' \ "··/ of
YOU
INSTITUTO MÜX1CANO ¡JE LA PROH'.DaO INDUSTRIAL this constant bits algorithm.
additionally bits, may be is the current problem use. The benefit of coding is that it has a consumption of
Alternatively, to improve accuracy or reduce the proportion of vector quantization techniques such as those used for LSF quantification. With such a procedure, a higher number of quantization levels can be obtained and quantization can be optimized with respect to the mean distortion. The inconvenience is that, for example, the code books for example have to be stored, while the TSD procedure uses an algebraic enumeration of constellations.
<td>In</td><td>what</td><td>go on</td><td>describe algorithms</td><td>of</td><td>agree with</td>
<td colspan="2">the modalities</td><td> -</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>In</td><td>first</td><td>place is</td><td>consider the case</td><td>of</td><td>application</td>
<td>general.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>In</td><td colspan="2">particular what</td><td>next describe</td><td>a</td><td>application</td>
practice of the proposed distribution quantization method to encode the spectral envelope in a SBR-like scenario:
According to some modalities, the encoder is configured to:
- Calculation of the spectral magnitude or energy values of the HD band from the original audio signal and / or
Calculation of a predefined (or arbitrary and
<img file="MX353042B_D0110.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0111.tif" />
transmitted) of K subband indices dividing the
<td colspan="2">spectral envelope in</td><td colspan="3">K + 1 blocks of dough</td><td colspan="2">equal block</td>
<td>me</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>- Coding of</td><td colspan="2">indices they use</td><td>the</td><td>same</td><td>algorithm</td>
<td>how</td><td>in TSD [5] and / or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Quantification</td><td>and</td><td>coding</td><td>of</td><td>mass</td><td>total of</td>
HC band write (eg via Huffman) or mass total and bitstream indices.
According to some modalities, the decoder is configured to:
- Reading of the total mass and indices of the bit stream and subsequent decoding and / or
- Approximation of the smooth cumulative mass curve via spline interpolation and / or the derivative of the cumulative mass curve to reconstruct the spectral envelope.
Some modalities include additional optional additions:
For example, some modalities provide deformation capabilities: decreasing the number of possible quantization levels leads to a reduction in bits needed to encode the split points and further reduces computational complexity.
This effect can be exploited, for example, by deformation of the spectral envelope with the help of a
<img file="MX353042B_D0112.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0113.tif" />
psychoacoustic characteristic or simply by adding the adjacent frequency bands within the encoder, before applying distribution quantization. After the reconstruction of the spectral envelope of the split point indices and the total mass on the decoder side, the envelope must be deformed by the inverse characteristic.
Some additional modalities provide adaptive envelope conversion: As mentioned above, there is no need to apply distribution quantization on the energies of the spectral envelope (i.e. abs (x)<sup>2</sup> of a signal x), but a representation (positive, of real value) is achievable and another is not (for example, abs (x), sqrt (abs (x)), etc.). To be able to take advantage of the different shape fitting properties of various envelope representations, it is reasonable to use an adaptive conversion technique.
Therefore, a detection of the best match conversion (from a fixed predefined set) for the current envelope is performed as a preprocessing step, before distribution quantization is applied. The conversion used must be signaled and transmitted via the bit stream, to allow correct conversion on the decoder side.
Additional modes are configured to support
<img file="MX353042B_D0114.tif" />
an adaptable number of blocks: To gain even greater flexibility from the proposed model, it is beneficial to be able to switch between different block numbers for each spectral envelope. The currently chosen number of blocks can either be a predefined set to minimize signaling or bit demand, or explicitly transmitted, to allow for the highest flexibility. On the one hand, this reduces the overall bit rate, since for stable constant envelope shapes there is no need for high adaptability. On the other hand, a smaller number of blocks leads to larger block masses, allowing a more precise adjustment of strong individual peaks with steep slopes.
Some modes are configured to provide envelope stabilization. Due to the higher flexibility of the proposed distribution quantization model, compared to, for example, a scale factor band-based method, fluctuations between temporal adjacent envelopes can lead to undesirable instabilities. To counteract this effect, an adaptive signal envelope stabilization technique is applied, as a post-processing step: For parts of stable signal, where only few fluctuations are expected, the envelope is stabilized by smoothing or smoothing of envelope values
<img file="MX353042B_D0115.tif" />
temporarily neighbors. For signal parts that naturally involve strong temporal changes, such as transients or wheezing / fricative starts / shifts, only weak smoothing or smoothing is applied or not applied.
In the following, an algorithm is described that performs the envelope distribution and encoding quantization, according to one modality.
The description of the practical implementation of the proposed distribution quantization method for encoding the spectral envelope in a SBR-like scenario. The following illustration of the algorithm refers to the encoder-side and decoder-side steps that can for example be performed to process a specific envelope:
In the following, a corresponding encoder is described.
The envelope determination and preprocessing can for example be carried out as follows:
- Determination of a target envelope curve of spectral energy (for example, represented by 20 subband samples) and its corresponding total energy.
Envelope deformation application by averaging pairwise subband values to reduce the total number of values (eg averaging
<img file="MX353042B_D0116.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0117.tif" />
8 sub-band values higher and thus reduce the total number from 20 to 16).
- Envelope magnitude conversion application for a better match between the performance of the envelope model and perceptual quality criteria (for example, extraction 4<sup>to</sup> root for each subband value,
<img file="MX353042B_D0118.tif" />
The quantization of distribution and coding can be carried out for example as follows:
- Multiple determination of subband indices that divide the envelope into a predefined number of blocks of
<td>equal mass</td><td>(by</td><td>example,</td><td>repetition</td><td>of</td><td> 4</td><td>times</td><td>of</td>
<td>determination</td><td>for</td><td>division</td><td>envelope</td><td>in</td><td> 3,</td><td> 4, 6</td><td>and 8</td>
<td>blocks).</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>- Full</td><td colspan="2">reconstruction</td><td>of enclosures</td><td colspan="3">quantified</td><td>by</td>
distribution (synthesis analysis procedure, see below).
Determination and decision as to the number of blocks resulting in the most accurate description of the envelope (for example, by comparing the cross-correlations of envelopes quantified by distribution and the original).
Loudness correction for comparison of the
<img file="MX353042B_D0119.tif" />
ιγ »λ ιι ιυιυ • 'ΊΛΐν -'; '·»' ·, ·:. ·,
DE LA PH j / lttrMj <, t. .<sub>r</sub>Z
IN í JIJ i Ί 'K1A L' original envelope and envelope quantified by distribution and agree to adapt the total energy.
- Coding of division indices using the same algorithm as in the TSD tool (see [5]).
Number of blocks signaling used for distribution quantization (eg 4 predefined block numbers, signaling via 2 bits).
- Quantification and coding of the total energy (for example, using Huffmann coding).
Now, a corresponding decoder is described.
Inverse decoding and quantization, for example, can be carried out as follows:
- Decoding of the number of blocks to be used for the quantification of distribution and decoding of the total energy.
- Decoding of division indices using the same algorithm as in the TSD tool (see [5]).
- Smooth cumulative mass curve approximation via spline interpolation.
Reconstruction of the cumulative domain spectral envelope via the first derivative (for example, when taking the difference from consecutive samples).
Post-processing can be carried out, for example, as follows:
<img file="MX353042B_D0120.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0121.tif" />
Envelope stabilization application to counteract fluctuations between subsequent envelopes caused by quantization errors (for example, via temporary smoothing of reconstructed subband values,
<img file="MX353042B_D0122.tif" />
where a = 0.1 for boxes containing transient signal portions and otherwise a = 0.25).
- Envelope conversion reversal according to the application in the encoder.
Reversal of envelope deformation, according to the application in the encoder.
In the following, efficient coding and decoding of split points is described. The split point encoder 225 of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 may for example be configured to implement efficient encoding as described below. The split point decoder 105 of Figure 2 may, for example, be configured to implement efficient decoding as described below.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the decoding apparatus further comprises split point decoder 105 for decoding one or more encoded points, according to a decoding rule, for
<img file="MX353042B_D0123.tif" />
• '/' To obtain the one or more division points. The split point decoder 105 is configured to analyze the number of total positions indicating the total number of possible split point positions, the number of split points indicating the number of split points, and the number of point states division. Furthermore, the split point decoder 105 is configured to generate an indication of one or more split point positions using the number of total positions, the number of split points, and the status number of split points. In a particular embodiment, the split point decoder 105 may, for example, be configured to generate an indication of two or more split point positions using the number of total positions, the
<td>number of split points and the</td><td>number</td><td>of</td><td colspan="2">point status</td>
<td>division.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="2">In the modalities illustrated by</td><td>the</td><td>figure 4 and</td><td>the</td>
<td>Figure 5, the apparatus comprises</td><td>also</td><td>a</td><td>encoder</td><td>of</td>
division points 225 to encode a position of each of the one or more division points, to obtain one or more encoded points. The split point encoder 225 is configured to encode a position of each of the one or more split points by encoding a split point status number. In addition, the division point encoder 225 is configured to provide a number of
<td></td><td>Dt L</td><td>A PROPERTY '' INDUSTRIAL</td><td>. .. '1 p</td>
<td colspan="2">total positions indicating the total number</td><td colspan="2">of positions</td>
<td>possible split point</td><td>and a number</td><td>of points</td><td>of</td>
<td>division indicating the number</td><td colspan="2">from one or more points</td><td>of</td>
<td>division. The state number</td><td>of points of</td><td>division,</td><td>the</td>
<td>number of total positions</td><td>and the number</td><td>of points</td><td>of</td>
<td>division indicate together one or more division points.</td><td>the position of</td><td>each</td><td>of the</td>
a sample an apparatus to reconstruct
Figure 15 audio signal according to one embodiment.
The apparatus comprises a decoding apparatus 1510 according to one of the modalities described above or according to the modalities described below, to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal of the audio signal and a signal generator 1520 to generate the audio signal depending on the envelope of the audio signal of the audio signal and depending on an additional signal characteristic of the audio signal, the additional signal characteristic is different from the envelope of the audio signal. As already outlined above, the person skilled in the art is aware that from an envelope of the signal of an audio signal and an additional signal characteristic of the audio signal, the audio signal itself can be reconstructed. . For example, the signal envelope may, for example, indicate the power of the audio signal samples. The characteristic of
<img file="MX353042B_D0124.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0125.tif" />
Additional signal may, for example, indicate for each sample of, for example, a time domain audio signal, whether the sample has a positive or negative value.
Some particular embodiments are based on the fact that a number of total positions indicating the total number of possible division point positions and a number of division points indicating the total number of division points may be available in a decoding apparatus of the present invention. For example, an encoder can transmit the number of total positions and / or the number of split points to the apparatus for decoding.
Based on these assumptions, some modalities implement the following concepts:
<td>Be</td><td>N the</td><td colspan="2">total number)</td><td>of positions</td><td>of</td><td>Points of</td>
<td>division</td><td colspan="2">possible and</td><td>let P be</td><td>total number)</td><td>of</td><td>Points of</td>
<td>division.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>I know</td><td>suppose</td><td>than</td><td>as he</td><td>apparatus for,</td><td colspan="2">coding,</td>
also as the decoding apparatus they are aware of the values of N and P.
Knowing N and P, it can be derived that there are only
<img file="MX353042B_D0126.tif" />
INSTITUTO ME / JCAN ·)
FROM THE FXOKLUAú
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX353042B_D0127.tif" />
different combinations of possible split point positions.
For example, if the positions of the possible division point positions are numbered from 0 to N 1 and if P = 8, then a first possible combination of division point positions with events would be (0, 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7), a second one would be (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) and so on, until the combination (N - 8, N - 7, N - 6 , N - 5, N - 4, N - 3, N - 2, N - 1), in such a way that in total there are
<img file="MX353042B_D0128.tif" />
different combinations.
The additional finding is used, that a split point status number can be encoded by an encoding apparatus and that the split point status number is transmitted to the decoder. If each of the possible combinations
<img file="MX353042B_D0129.tif" />
is represented by a unique split point status number and if the decoding apparatus is aware of which split point status number represents the combination of split point positions, then the decoding apparatus can decode the positions of the split points. split points using N, P and the state number of split points. For many typical N and P values, such an encoding technique uses fewer bits to encode event split point positions compared to other concepts.
In other words, the problem of encoding the division point positions can be solved by encoding a discrete number P of positions pk in an interval of [0 ... N - 1], such that the positions do not overlap pk + Ph for k Ψ h, with as few bits as possible. Since the order of the positions does not matter, it follows that the number of unique combinations of positions is the binomial coefficient
The required number of bits is like this:
<img file="MX353042B_D0130.tif" />
Some Modes Position Decoding Position Decoding
<img file="MX353042B_D0131.tif" />
employ a in position.
position in concept of
A concept of position.
This concept is based on the following findings:
Suppose N is the (total) number of possible division point positions and P is the number of division points (this means that N can be the number of total positions FSN and P can be the number of division points ESON) . It is considered the first possible split point position. Two cases can be distinguished:
If the first possible division point position is a position that does not comprise a division point, then, with respect to the remaining Nl possible division point positions, there are only
<img file="MX353042B_D0132.tif" />
different possible combinations of the P division points with respect to the Nl remaining possible division point positions.
However, if the possible split point position is a position that comprises a split point, then
<img file="MX353042B_D0133.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0134.tif" />
With respect to the remaining Nl possible division point positions, there are only / 'jv-H ίΛή íw ~ q | p-lj = I pl -1 p I different possible combinations of Pl remaining possible division point positions with respect to the remaining Nl division points.
Based on this finding, the modalities are further based on the finding that all combinations with a possible first split point position, where no split point is located, must be encoded by split point state numbers that are less than or equal to the threshold value. Furthermore, all combinations with a possible first division point position, where a division point is not located, must be encoded by division point status numbers that are greater than the threshold value.
In one embodiment, all division point status numbers can be positive integers or and an appropriate threshold value with respect to the first 'Wq. p · possible split point position can be
<img file="MX353042B_D0135.tif" />
In one embodiment, it is determined whether the first possible split point position in a frame comprises a split point by testing whether the number of split point status is greater than a threshold value. (Alternatively, the mode encoding / decoding process can also be performed, by testing whether the state number of division points is greater than or equal to, less than or equal to or less than a threshold value.)
After analyzing the first possible division point position, decoding is continued by the second possible division point position using adjusted values: In addition to adjusting the number of dividing point positions considered (which is reduced to one), the number of dividing points is also reduced by one and adjusting the state number of division points, in case the state number of division points is greater than the threshold value, to cancel the portion corresponding to the first possible division point position of the division point status number. The decoding process can be continued for additional possible split point positions similarly.
In one embodiment, a discrete number P of positions p<sub>k</sub> in an interval of [0 ... N - 1] it is coded, in such a way that the positions do not overlap p<sub>k</sub> + p<sub>h</sub> for k Ψ h. Here, each unique combination of positions in the given interval is γ · called a state and each possible position in that interval is called a possible division point position (pspp).
ΙΜΡΣ
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
In accordance with an embodiment of an apparatus for decoding, the first possible division point position in the interval is considered. If the possible division point position does not have a division point, then the interval can be reduced to N - 1 and the number of possible states is reduced
Conversely, if the state is greater than then it can be concluded that in the first possible division point position, a division point is located.
The following decoding algorithm can result from this:
For each pspp h
If the state> | <sub>P</sub> | so
A split point is assigned to pspp h
Update status status remaining:
p-Α-Γ
I p ϊ Γ
V · '
The number of positions left is reduced P: = PÍ
The end
The end
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
The calculation of the binomial coefficient in each iteration would be expensive.
Therefore, according to the modalities, the following rules can be used to update the binomial coefficient using the value of the previous iteration:
„P<sub>F</sub> pv-Γ IP.
N
NP
MP + l
Using these formulas, each update of the binomial coefficient costs only one multiplication and one division, while the explicit evaluation would cost p multiplications and divisions in each iteration.
In this modality, the total complexity of the decoder is of P multiplications and divisions for initialization of the binomial coefficient, for each iteration 1 multiplication, division and affirmation if and for each coded position 1 multiplication, addition and division. Note that in theory it would be possible to reduce the number of divisions required for initialization to one. In practice, however, this procedure would result in very large integers, which are difficult to handle. The
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
FROM THE INDUSTRIAL INCHSCAD complexity of the worst case of the encoder is then N + 2P divisions and N + 2P multiplications, P additions (can be ignored if using MAC operations) and N SI statements.
In one embodiment, the encoding algorithm employed by an encoding apparatus does not have to iterate through all possible split point positions, but only those that have a position assigned to them. Therefore,
For each position p<sub>h</sub>, h = 1 ... P
Update status status: = status
<img file="MX353042B_D0136.tif" />
The complexity of the worst case encoder is P · (P 1) multiplications and P · P (ll) divisions, also as Pl additions.
Figure 9 illustrates a decoding process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, decoding is performed on a position-by-position basis.
At step 110, the values are initialized. The decoding apparatus stores the division point status number, which it received as an input value, in variable s. Also, the (total) number of split points as indicated by the number of split points is
IMPI
MtXiCANO Í <'INSTITUTE<sup>K</sup> 'tí -vDE PROPERTY O-. -
INDUSTRIAL - stored in variable p. Furthermore, the total number of possible split point positions contained in the table, as indicated by the number of total positions is stored in variable N.
At step 120, the value of spSepData [t] is initialized to 0 for all possible split point positions. The spSepData bit array is the output data to be generated. It indicates for each possible division point position t, whether the position of the possible division point includes a division point (spSepData [t] = 1) or not (spSepData [t] = 0). At step 120 the corresponding values of all possible split point positions are initialized with 0.
In step 130, the variable k is initialized with the value of Nl. In this mode, the N possible division point positions are numbered 0, 1, 2,. . ., N -
<td>1. Set k =</td><td>N -</td><td>1 means</td><td colspan="2">that point position</td><td>of</td>
<td>possible division</td><td>with</td><td>the number</td><td>higher</td><td colspan="2">is considered</td>
<td>First.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>At the stage</td><td> 140,</td><td colspan="2">it is considered if k 0</td><td>. If k <0,</td><td>the</td>
<td>decoding</td><td>the</td><td>positions</td><td>knitted</td><td>division is</td><td>he has</td>
finished and the process ends, otherwise the process continues with step 150.
At step 150, it is checked whether p> k. If p is greater than k, this means that all the point positions of
IMPI
<img file="MX353042B_D0137.tif" />
remaining possible division comprise a division point. The process continues at step 230, where all the spSepData field values of the remaining possible split point positions 0, 1,. . . , k are set to 1, indicating that each of the remaining possible division point positions comprise a division point. In this case, the process ends after this. However, if step 150 finds that p is not greater than k, the decoding process continues at step 160.
In step 160, the value of ^ = (:) is computed c is used as the threshold value.
In step 170, it is checked whether the actual value of the division point status number s is greater than or equal to c, where c is the threshold value calculated just in step 160.
If s is less than c, this means that the position of the possible division point considered (with the division point k) does not comprise a division point. In this case, no further action has to be taken, since spSepData [k] has already been set to 0 for this possible split point position in step 140. Then the process continues with step 220. In step 220, k is
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INTUSTKIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX353042B_D0138.tif" />
adjusted to be k: = k - 1 and the next possible division point position is considered.
However, if the test in step 170 shows that s is greater than or equal to c, this means that the position of the possible division point considered k comprises a division point. In this case, the division point state number s is updated and adjusted to the value of s: = sc in step 180. In addition, spSepData [k] is set to 1 in step 190 to indicate that the position of possible division point k comprises a division point. Furthermore, in step 200, p is set to p-1, indicating that the remaining possible split point position to be examined now comprises only p-1 possible split point positions with split points.
In step 210, it is checked whether p is equal to 0. If p is equal to 0, the remaining possible division point positions do not comprise division points and the decoding process ends.
Otherwise, at least one of the remaining possible split point positions comprises an event and the process continues in step 220, where the decoding process continues with the next possible split point position (k-1). .
The decoding process of the illustrated mode
<img file="MX353042B_D0139.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0140.tif" />
in figure 9 it generates the spSepData matrix as an output value that indicates, for each possible division point position k, whether the possible division point position comprises a division point (spSepData [k] = 1) or not ( spSepData [k] = 0).
Figure 10 illustrates a pseudocode that implements decoding of split point positions according to one embodiment.
Figure 1 illustrates an encoding process for encoding split points according to one embodiment. In this mode, coding is done on a position-by-position basis. The purpose of the encoding process according to the modality illustrated in Figure 11 is to generate a state number of split points.
At step 310, the values are initialized. p_s is initialized with 0. The division point status number is generated by successively updating the p_s variable. When the encoding process is finished, p_s will carry the state number of split points. Step 310 also initializes the variable k by adjusting kak: = number of division points - 1.
At step 320, the variable pos is set to pos: = spPos [k], where spPos is a matrix that holds the positions of possible split point positions that
<img file="MX353042B_D0141.tif" />
comprise split points.
The positions of the matrix split point are stored in ascending order.
At step 330, a test is carried out, testing whether k 2 pos. If this is the case, the process ends. Otherwise, the process continues at step 340.
At step 340, the value of
In step 350, the variable p_s is updated and adjusted to p_s: = p_s + c.
In step 360, k is set to k: = k - 1.
Then, in step 370, a test is carried out, testing whether k ¿0. In this case, the next possible division point position k - 1 is considered. Otherwise, the process ends.
Figure 12 illustrates a pseudocode that implements split point position encoding in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
<td>The</td><td>figure</td><td> 13</td><td>illustrates a</td><td>decoder</td><td>of</td><td>points</td><td>of</td>
<td>division</td><td>410 of</td><td colspan="2">according to a</td><td>modality.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>The</td><td>number</td><td>of</td><td>positions</td><td>FSN totals,</td><td>than</td><td>indicates</td><td>the</td>
total number of possible split point positions, a
IMPI
<img file="MX353042B_D0142.tif" />
100 number of division points ESON indicating the (total) number of division points and state number of division points ESTN are fed to the division point decoder 410. The division point decoder 410 comprises a partitioner 440. The partitioner 440 is capable of dividing the frame into a first partition comprising a first set of possible split point positions and into a second partition comprising a second set of possible split point positions and wherein the split point positions Possible divisions comprising division points are determined separately for each of the partitions. By this, the positions of the split points can be determined by repeatedly dividing partitions into even smaller partitions.
The partition-based decoding of the split point decoder 410 of this mode is based on the following concepts:
Partition-based decoding is based on the idea that a set of all possible split point positions is divided into two partitions A and B, each partition comprising a set of possible split point positions, where the partition A comprises N<sub>to </sub>Possible split point positions and where partition B comprises N<sub>b</sub> split point positions
<img file="MX353042B_D0143.tif" />
101
ΙΜ
INSTITl ΓΓΟ Μ EX ICA NO OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY possible and in such a way that N<sub>to</sub> + N<sub>b</sub> = N. The set of all possible split point positions can be arbitrarily divided into two partitions, preferably such that partition A and B have almost the same total number of possible split point positions (for example, from such that N<sub>to</sub> = N<sub>b</sub> or N<sub>to</sub> = N<sub>b</sub> - one). By dividing the set of all possible split point positions into two partitions, the task of determining the actual split point positions is also divided into two subtasks, that is, determining the actual split point positions in the partition. box A and determine the actual split point positions in the box B partition.
In this embodiment, it is again assumed that the split point decoder 105 is aware of the total number of possible split point positions, the total number of split points, and the number of split point status. To solve both subtasks, the split point decoder 105 must also be aware of the number of possible split point positions of each partition, the number of split points in each partition, and the number of split point status of each partition (Such a partition point state number of a partition is now referred to as a division point sub-state number).
102
<img file="MX353042B_D0144.tif" />
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF THE ^ RJidEl 'M INDUSTRIAL
As the split point decoder divides into itself the set of all possible split points into two partitions, it knows per se that partition A comprises N<sub>to</sub> Possible split point positions and that partition B comprises N<sub>b</sub> Possible split point positions. The determination of the number of actual division points for each of both partitions is based on the following findings:
Since the set of all possible split point positions has been divided into two partitions, each of the actual split point positions is now located in either partition A or partition B. Furthermore, assuming that P is the number of division points of a partition and N is the total number of possible division point positions of the partition and that f (P, N) is a function that returns the number of different combinations of division point positions, then the number of different division combinations of the entire set of possible division point positions (which has been divided into partition A and partition B) is:
103
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MEXICAN INSTITUTE j »
OF THE PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL
<td rowspan="2">Number of split points in partition A</td><td rowspan="2">Number of split points in partition B</td><td>Number of different combinations</td>
<td>across the entire set of split point positions with this setting</td>
<td> 0</td><td>P</td><td>f (0, N<sub>and</sub>) F (P.Nb)</td>
<td> 1</td><td>Pl</td><td>f (lN<sub>to</sub>) F (Pl, N<sub>b</sub>)</td>
<td> 2</td><td>P-2</td><td>f (2, N<sub>s</sub>) F (P-2, N<sub>b</sub>)</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>P</td><td> 0</td><td>f (P, N<sub>to</sub>) F (0.N<sub>b</sub>)</td>
Based on the above considerations, according to one modality, all combinations with the first configuration, where partition A has 0 division points and where partition B has P division points, must be encoded with a number of division point state less than a first threshold value. The division point status number can be encoded as an integer value being positive or 0. Since there are only f (0, N<sub>to</sub>) f (P, N<sub>b</sub>) combinations with the first setting, an appropriate first threshold value can be f (0, N<sub>to</sub>) f (P, N<sub>b</sub>) .
All combinations with the second configuration, where partition A has 1 division point and where partition B has Pl division points, must be encoded with a state number of division points greater than or equal to the first value, but less than or equal to a second threshold value. Since there is only f (l, N<sub>to</sub>) F (P1, N<sub>b</sub>) combinations with the second setting, an appropriate second value can be f (0, N<sub>to</sub>) F (P, N<sub>b</sub>) + f (1, N<sub>to</sub>) F (P-
<img file="MX353042B_D0145.tif" />
1, N<sub>b</sub>). The number of split point status for combinations with other configurations is similarly determined.
104
IMPI
Mexican Institute of Industrial Property
According to one embodiment, decoding is performed by separating a set of all possible split point positions into two partitions A and B. Next, it is checked whether a state number of split points is less than a first value. threshold. In a preferred embodiment, the first threshold value can be f (0,
N<sub>to</sub>) -f (P, N<sub>b</sub>) .
If the split point status number is less than the first threshold value, then it can be concluded that partition A comprises 0 split points and partition
B comprises all
P division points. Decoding is then carried out for both partitions with the number determined respectively representing the number of division points of the corresponding partition. In addition a first division point status number is determined for partition A and a second division point status number is determined for partition
B which are used, respectively, as the new status number of division points. Herein, the partition point status number of a partition is referred to as a split point sub-state number.
However, if the state number of points of
<img file="MX353042B_D0146.tif" />
105
IMPI division is greater than or equal to the first threshold value, the division point status number can be updated. In a preferred embodiment, the division point status number can be updated by subtracting a value from the division point status number, preferably by subtracting the first threshold value, for example, f (0, N<sub>to</sub>) -f (P, N<sub>b</sub>). In a next step, it is checked whether the updated division point status number is less than a second threshold value. In a preferred embodiment, the second threshold value can be f (l, N<sub>to</sub>) F (Pl, N<sub>b</sub>). If the state number of division points is less than the second threshold value, it can be derived that partition Ά has a division point and partition B has Pl division points.
The decoding for both partitions is then carried out with the respectively determined numbers of division points of each partition. A first division point substate number is used for decoding partition A and a second division point substate number is used for decoding partition B. However, if the split point status number is greater than or equal to the second threshold value, the split point status number can be updated. In a preferred embodiment, the division point status number can be updated by subtracting a value from the point status number
IMPI
<img file="MX353042B_D0147.tif" />
106 division, preferably f (1, N<sub>to</sub>) F (Pl, N<sub>b</sub>) .
The decoding process is similarly applied for the remaining distribution possibilities of the split points with respect to the two partitions.
In one embodiment, the division point substate number for partition A and the division point substate number for partition A
B can be used for partition decoding
A and partition B, where both event substate numbers are determined by performing division:
Split point status number / f (number of split points of partition B, N<sub>b</sub>)
Preferably, the partition point substate number of partition A is the integer part of the previous division and the partition point substate number of partition B is the remainder of that division. The division point state number used in this division can be the original division point state number in the table or an updated division point state number, for example, updated by subtracting one or more threshold values, such as described above.
To illustrate the previously described concept of partition-based decoding, a
107
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MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF THE PROPERTY ξ> ν · INDUSTRIAL ***.
situation where a set of all possible split point positions have two split points. Also, if f (p, N) is again the function that returns the number of different combinations of division point positions of a partition, where p is the number of division points of a frame partition and N is the total number of split points for that partition. Then, for each of the possible position distributions, the following number of possible combinations results:
<td>Positions in partition A</td><td>Position in partition B</td><td>Number of combinations in this configuration</td>
<td> 0</td><td> 2</td><td>f (0, N<sub>g</sub>) F (2, N<sub>b</sub>)</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td>f (l, Na) · f (kN<sub>b</sub>)</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 0</td><td>f (2, N<sub>to</sub>) F (0, N<sub>b</sub>)</td>
Thus, it can be concluded that if the state number of coded division points of the table is less than f (0, N<sub>to</sub>) F (2, N<sub>b</sub>), then the division point positions must be distributed as 0 and 2. Otherwise, f (0, N<sub>to</sub>) F (2, N<sub>b</sub>) is subtracted from the state number of division points and the result is compared to f (1, Na) · f (l, Nb). If it is less, then the positions are distributed as 1 and 1. Otherwise, we only have the remaining 2, 0 distribution and the positions are distributed as 2 and 0.
In the following, a pseudo code of agreement is provided
108
<img file="MX353042B_D0148.tif" />
MEXICAN INSTITUTE ΌΕ LA RKiSHEUAU INDUSTRIAL with a modality to decode positions of division points (hereinafter: sp). In this pseudocode, sp_a is the (assumed) number of split points in partition A and sp_b is the (assumed) number of split points in partition B. In this pseudocode, the state number of split points (per example, updated) is referred to as status. The division point substate numbers of partitions A and B are still coded together in the state variable. According to a joint modality coding scheme, the division point substate number of A (hereinafter referred to as state_a) is the integer part of the division state / f (sp_b, N<sub>b</sub>) and the division point sub-state number of B (hereinafter referred to as state_b) is the remainder of that division. By this, the length (total number of partition points of the partition) and the number of encoded positions (number of division points in the partition) of both partitions can be decoded using the same procedure:
Function x = decode state (state, sp, N)
one. Divide vector into two partitions of length Na and Nb.
2. For sp_a from 0 to sp a. sp_b = sp - sp_a
b. if the state <f (sp_a, Na) * f (sp_b, Nb) then
<img file="MX353042B_D0149.tif" />
109
ΙΜΡΙ $
ΙΝΪΤΓΠ ΓΓΟ Μ ΕΧICΑ Ν or
D £ LA PROriEDAP ζV.
INDUSTRIAL interrupt loop.
c. state: = state - f (sp_a, a) * f (sp_b, Nb)
3. Number of possible states for partition B is no_state_b = f (sp_b, Nb)
Four. The states, state_a and state_b, of partitions A and
B, respectively, are the integer part and remainder of the state of division / no_state__b.
5. If Na> 1 then the decoded vector of partition A is recursively obtained by xa = decode state (state_a, sp_a, Na)
Otherwise (Na == 1) and the vector xa is a scalar and xa = state_a can be established.
6. If Nb> 1, then the decoded vector of partition B is recursively obtained by xb = decode state (state_b, sp_b, b)
Otherwise (Nb == 1) and the vector xb is a scalar and xb = state_b can be set.
7. The final result x is obtained by merging xa and xb by x = [xa xb].
The result or output of this algorithm is a vector that has one (1) at each encoded position (that is, a division point position) and zero (0) elsewhere (that is, at point locations of possible division that do not include division points).
<img file="MX353042B_D0150.tif" />
In the following, a pseudocode is provided in accordance with a modality for encoding division point positions that uses similar variable names with a similar meaning as above:
State function = encode state (x, N)
110
<td> 1.</td><td>Divide vector</td><td>in</td><td colspan="2">two partitions xa and xb</td><td>of</td><td>length Na</td><td>and</td>
<td>Nb.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 2 .</td><td>Count points</td><td>of</td><td>division into</td><td>partitions</td><td>TO</td><td>and B in sp a</td><td>and</td>
<td>sp_</td><td>by establish</td><td>sp</td><td>= sp a + sp</td><td>_b.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 3.</td><td colspan="2">Set status</td><td>to 0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
Four. For k from 0 to sp_a-l
to. state: = state + f (K, Na) * f (sp-k, Nb)
5. If Na> 1, encode partition A by state__a = encode state (xa, Na);
Otherwise (Na == 1), set state_a = xa.
6. If Nb> 1, encode partition B by state_b = encode state (xb, yb);
Otherwise (Nb == 1), set b_state = xb.
7. Jointly encode states state: = state + state_a * f (sp_b, Nb) + state_b.
Here, it is assumed that, similar to the decoder algorithm, each encoded position (that is, a division point position) is identified by a one
111
IMPISl
HST1TUTO MEXICANO lAsrKÍ # Λ DE LA PROklEDA !,
INDUSTRIAL <sup>;</sup> • 'J2 · (1) in vector x and all other elements are zero (0) (for example, possible division point positions that do not comprise a division point).
The above recursive methods formulated in pseudocode can be easily implemented in a non-recursive way using standard methods.
According to one modality, the function f (p, N) can be performed as a lookup table. When the positions do not overlap, as in the current context, then the function of number of states f (p, N) is simply the binomial function that can be calculated online. There is f (pN) = MiV-lX ^ -2L. (. VA ·)
According to an embodiment of the present invention, both the encoder and the decoder have a loop for, where the product f (pk, Na) * f (k, Nb) is calculated for consecutive values of k. For an efficient calculation, this can be written as:
<img file="MX353042B_D0151.tif" />
112 ^ (and<sub>to</sub>-lXy<sub>to</sub>-2UV<sub>to</sub>-p + fe). νΜ ~ lfe —--- (pk \ pkl \ p-k2 ^ .. 1 k (k-1) (^ - 2) ... 1 r (p-) r.yJMKj = ~ 1H-2) .. . (JV<sub>to</sub> -p-Zr + l) yJ ^ -lM-2) ... (^ - fr + l) pk + 1 N<sub>to</sub>~ k (pk + l ^ pk \ pkl \ .. l (fc-lXfc-2) ... 1 N<sub>to</sub>-pk + 1k
N, -kk
In other words, successive terms for subtraction / addition (in step 2b and 2c in the decoder and in step 4a in
<td>the encoder)</td><td colspan="2">can be calculated</td><td>by</td><td>three</td>
<td>multiplications and</td><td>a division</td><td>by iteration.</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Back to</td><td>the figure</td><td>1, modalities</td><td colspan="2">alternatives</td>
implement the apparatus of Figure 1 for decoding to obtain an envelope of the reconstructed audio signal differently. In such embodiments, as already explained above, the apparatus comprises a signal envelope reconstructor 110 to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope depending on one or more split points and an output interface 120 to output the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal.
Again, the signal envelope rebuilder 110 is configured to generate the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal such that the one or more split points divide the envelope of the reconstructed audio signal into two or more envelope portions. of the audio signal, where a predefined allocation rule defines a value of the envelope portion of the signal for each
<img file="MX353042B_D0152.tif" />
Envelope portion of the signal of the two or more envelope portions of the signal depending on the envelope portion of the signal.
113
In such alternative embodiments, however, a predefined envelope portion value is assigned to each of the two or more envelope portions of the signal.
In such embodiments, the signal envelope rebuilder 110 is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope such that, for each signal envelope portion of the two or more signal envelope portions, an absolute value of the value of the signal envelope portion of such a signal envelope portion is greater than 90% of the absolute value of the predefined envelope portion value that is assigned to such a signal envelope portion and of such that the absolute value of the value of the signal envelope portion of such a signal envelope portion is less than 110% of the absolute value of the predefined signal envelope portion value that is assigned to the envelope portion of the signal. This allows some kind of deviation from the predefined envelope portion value.
In a particular embodiment, however, the signal envelope reconstructor 110 is configured to generate the reconstructed audio signal envelope
<img file="MX353042B_D0153.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0154.tif" />
114 such that the value of the signal envelope portion of each of the two or more signal envelope portions is equal to the value of the predefined envelope portion that is assigned to such a signal envelope portion. .
For example, for example, three split points may be received that divide the envelope of the audio signal into four envelope portions of the audio signal. An allocation rule can specify, that the value of the predefined envelope portion of the first signal envelope portion is 0.15, that the value of the predefined envelope portion of the second signal envelope portion is 0.25 , that the value of the predefined envelope portion of the third envelope portion of
<td>the signal is</td><td>of 0.25 and</td><td colspan="3">that the value of the portion</td><td>of</td>
<td colspan="2">predefined envelope of</td><td>the</td><td>first portion</td><td>envelope</td><td>of</td>
<td>the signal is from</td><td> 0.35.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="2">When received</td><td>the</td><td>three points</td><td>division,</td><td>the</td>
<td>rebuilder</td><td colspan="2">envelope</td><td>Of the signal</td><td colspan="2">110 rebuilds</td>
<td>So, the</td><td>enveloping</td><td>of</td><td>the signal in</td><td>consequence,</td><td>of</td>
in accordance with the concepts described above.
In another embodiment, a split point may be received that divides the envelope of the audio signal into two envelope portions of the audio signal. An allocation rule can specify, that the value of the portion of
<img file="MX353042B_D0155.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0156.tif" />
115 The predefined envelope of the first envelope portion of the signal is p, that the value of the predefined envelope portion of the second envelope portion of the signal is 1 - p. For example, if p = 0.4 then 1 - p = 0.6. Again, when all three split points are received, the signal envelope rebuilder 110 then rebuilds the signal envelope accordingly, in accordance with the concepts described above.
Such alternative modalities employing predefined envelope portion values can employ each of the concepts described above.
In one embodiment, the predefined envelope portion values of at least two of the signal envelope portions differ from each other.
<td>In other</td><td colspan="3">modality,</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">value of</td><td>Serving</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td>
<td>predefined</td><td>of</td><td>every</td><td>a</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td colspan="4">envelope portions of the</td>
<td colspan="2">signal differs</td><td>of the</td><td colspan="2">value</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>portion</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td>
<td>predefined</td><td>of</td><td>every</td><td>a</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>others</td><td>servings</td><td>of</td><td>enveloping</td>
Of the signal.
Although some aspects have been described in the context of an apparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method stage or a characteristic of a method stage. Similarly, the aspects described in the context of a
<img file="MX353042B_D0157.tif" />
<img file="MX353042B_D0158.tif" />
116 Method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or an element or characteristic of a corresponding apparatus.
The decomposed signal of the invention can be stored on a digital storage medium or it can be transmitted on a transmission medium, such as a wireless transmission medium or a wired transmission medium, such as the Internet.
Depending on certain implementation requirements, the embodiments of the invention can be implemented in physical elements or in programming elements. The implementation can be carried out using a digital storage medium, for example a floppy disk, a DVD, a
CD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM or memory
FLASH, which have electronically readable control signals stored therein, which cooperate (or are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system such that the respective method is performed.
Some embodiments in accordance with the invention comprise a non-transient data carrier having electronically readable control signals, which are capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system, such that one of the methods described herein is performed.
In general, the embodiments of the present invention
<img file="MX353042B_D0159.tif" />
117
IMPI can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being operative to carry out one of the methods, when the computer program product is run on a computer. The program code can for example be stored in a carrier that can be read by the machine.
Other modalities include the computer program to carry out one of the methods described herein, stored in a carrier that can be read by the machine.
In other words, one embodiment of the method of the invention is therefore a computer program that has a program code to perform one of the methods described herein, when the computer program is run on a computer.
A further embodiment of the methods of the invention is therefore a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer readable medium) comprising, registered therein, the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
A further embodiment of the method of the invention is, therefore, a data stream or a sequence of signals representing the computer program to perform one of the methods described herein. The data stream or signal sequence may, for example
118
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE 1 ^ 1 · ^ «. 'JjCt *,.' Α OE THE PROPERTY C * H« r4tL λν INDUSTRIAL be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
A further embodiment comprises a processing means, for example a computer or a programmable logic device, configured or capable of performing one of the methods described herein.
An embodiment further comprises a computer having the computer program installed therein to perform one of the methods described herein.
In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (eg, a field programmable gate array) can be used to perform some or all of the functionality of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a carpal programmable door array can cooperate with a microprocessor in order to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, the methods are preferably carried out by any physical element apparatus.
The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It is understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to others skilled in the art. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only by the scope of the impending patent claims and not by the specific details presented by way of description and explanation of the embodiments herein.
119
IMPI iN.rrrruT · Mexican OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX353042B_D0160.tif" />
Contents63
177 sheets
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53 members in 18 offices
Priority claims14
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13171314 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 13171314 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 131713141 | European Patent Office (EPO) | – | |
| 14167070 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 14167070 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A | |
| 141670703 | European Patent Office (EPO) | – | |
| 2014062034 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 2014062034 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 131713141 | – | – | – |
| 141670703 | – | – | – |
| EP20130171314 | – | – | – |
| EP20140167070 | – | – | – |
| PCTEP2014062034 | – | – | – |
| WO2014EP62034 | – | – | – |
Members53
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2914418A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2914771A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2014198724A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2014198726A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU2014280256A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| AU2014280258A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| SG11201510162WA | Singapore | A | |
| SG11201510164RA | Singapore | A | |
| CN105340010A | China | A | |
| KR20160022338A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR20160028420A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| CN105431902A | China | A | |
| MX2015016789A | Mexico | A | |
| EP3008725A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP3008726A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| MX2015016984A | Mexico | A | |
| US2016148621A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2016155451A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2016524186A | Japan | A | |
| JP2016526695A | Japan | A | |
| AU2014280256B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| AU2014280258B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| AU2014280258B9 | Australia | B9 | |
| CA2914418C | Canada | C | |
| EP3008725B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| RU2015156490A | Russian Federation | A | |
| RU2015156587A | Russian Federation | A | |
| HK1223725A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| HK1223726A1 | Hong Kong, China | A1 | |
| BR112015030672A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| EP3008726B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ZA201600080B | South Africa | B | |
| ES2635026T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| KR101789083B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| JP6224233B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| JP6224827B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| KR101789085B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| PT3008726T | Portugal | T | |
| ES2646021T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| MX353042BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| MX353188B | Mexico | B | |
| PL3008726T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| US9953659B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| RU2660633C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| CA2914771C | Canada | C | |
| US2018204582A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| RU2662921C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| US10115406B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN105340010B | China | B | |
| MY170179A | Malaysia | A | |
| CN105431902B | China | B | |
| US10734008B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BR112015030672B1 | Brazil | B1 |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Grant or registrationFG | FG |
Numbers
- Publication
- 353042
- Publication, DOCDB
- 353042
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX353042
- Application
- 2015016984
- Application, DOCDB
- 2015016984
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20150016984
Titles
- Spanish
- MÉTODO Y APARATO PARA CODIFICACIÓN, PROCESAMIENTO Y DECODIFICACIÓN DE ENVOLVENTE DE SEÑAL DE AUDIO MEDIANTE MODELADO DE UNA REPRESENTACIÓN DE SUMA ACUMULATIVA QUE EMPLEA CUANTIFICACIÓN DE DISTRIBUCIÓN Y CODIFICACIÓN.
Classification
- CPC, 5
- G10L19/06
- G10L19/032
- G10L19/0204
- H03M7/30
- G10L19/0208
- IPC, 3
- G10L19 06
- G10L19 032
- G10L19 03