Pane having an electric heating layer.

(54) Title: GLASS THAT HAS AN ELECTRIC HEATING LAYER.

(54) Title: PANE HAVING AN ELECTRIC HEATING LAYER.

(57) Summary

The present invention relates to a glass (100) having a heating layer (3) comprising at least: - a first glass (1) having a surface (III), - at least one electrical heating layer (3) that is applied at least on part of the surface (III) that includes at least one uncoated area (8) , - at least two busbars (5.1, 5.2) provided for connection to a voltage source (14), which are connected to the electrical heating layer (3) so that a current path (11) is formed for the heating current between the conductive bars (5.1,5.2), and - at least one separation line (9 .n), which electrically subdivides the electrical heating layer (3) into at least two segments (10.n, 10.n + 1), where n is an integer = 1 characterized in that at least one segment (10.n) is arranged in the form of a strip around the uncoated area (8), so that the current path (11) for the heating current is guided at least partially around the uncoated area (8).

(57) Abstract

The present invention relates to a pane (100) having an electric heating layer (3) and comprising at least: a first pane (1) having a first surface (III); at least one electric heating layer (3) that is applied to at least part of the surface (III) and comprises an uncoated zone (8); at least two busbars (5.1, 5.2), provided for connection to a voltage source (14), which are connected to the electric heating layer (3) such that a current path (11) for a heating current is formed between the busbars ( 5.1,5.2); and at least one separating Une (9.n) which electrically subdivides the electric layer (3) into at least two segments (10.n, 10.n + 1), n ​​being an integer á # ¥ 1. At least one segment (10.n) is arranged in the form of a strip around the uncoated zone (8) such that the current path (11) for the heating current is at least partially guided around the uncoated zone (8).

<img file="MX349508B_D0001.tif" />

PATENT TITLE No. 349508

<td>Headlines):</td><td>SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANGE</td>

<td>Home:</td><td>18, Avenue DAIsace, F-92400, Courbevoie, FRANCE</td>

<td>Denomination:</td><td>GLASS THAT HAS AN ELECTRICAL HEATING LAYER.</td>

<td>Classification:</td><td>CIP: H05B3 / 84; H05B3 / 16; H05B3 / 26 CPC: H05B3 / 84; H05B3 / 16; H05B3 / 26</td>

<td>Inventor (s):</td><td>DANG CUONG PHAN; BOJAN DIMITRIJEVIC; GÜNTHER SCHALL</td>

REQUEST

<td>Number: MX / a / 2015/007950</td><td>International Presentation Date: November 07, 2013</td>

Country:

EP

PRIORITY

Date:

December 2012

Number:

12198362.1

Validity: Twenty years

Expiration Date: November 7, 2033

Issue Date: August 2, 2017

The reference patent is granted on the basis of diets 1, .2, section V, 6 'section III, and 59 of the Industrial Property Law.

In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, this patent is valid for twenty years, non-extendable from the date of filing of the early application and will be subject to payment of the delay to maintain the rights .

Whoever signs this title does so based on the provisions of articles 6^or Sections llt and 7 bis 2 of the Industrial Property Law (Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF) 06/27/1991, amended on 08/02/1994, 10/25/1996, 12/26/1997, 05/17/1999, 01/26/2004, 06/16/2005, 01/25/2006, 05/06/2009, 06/01/2010, 06/28/2010, 06/28/201Q, 27 / (Ú / 2012 and 09 / Q4 / 2012); articles 1^or, 3^or Section V subsection a), 4 and 12 sections I and III of the Regulations of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/14/1999, amended on 07/01/2002, 07/15/2004, 07/28/2004 and 09/07/2007); items 1^or, 3^or, 4^or, 5 “fraction V subsection a), 16 sections I and useful and 30 of the Organic Statute of the Mexfeqno Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 04 / 08) 2004 and 13 '09 / 2007), 1^or. 3 ° and 5 'subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy General Directors, Coordinator, Division Directors. Heads of the Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOR 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007). '

This document is signed with an advanced electronic signature (FIEL), based on articles 7 BIS 2 of the Industrial Property Law; 3 of its Regulations, and 1 fraction lll, 2 fraction V, 26 BIS and 26 TER of the Agreement establishing the guidelines for the use of the Payment and Electronic Services Portal (PASE) of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, in the procedures indicated

THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS

NAHANNY CANAL REYES

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Original string:

NAHANNY MARISOL CANAL REYES | 00001000000403252793 | Administration Service

Tax | 1695 || MX / 2017/61506 | MX / a / 2015/007950 | PCT patent title | 1220 | RRGO | Page (s) | EbmwXSb2g3S67oUTYFhto1 wB + GA =

Digital stamp:

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MX / 2017/61506

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GLASS HAVING AN ELECTRIC LAYER DK CATTING

<img file="MX349508B_D0004.tif" />

IKSTITIJTC MEXICAN US LA tXOmCALl i N Ws'lΜΛΙ

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a crystal having an electrical heating layer, a method for its production, and its use.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The field of view of a motor vehicle window, particularly a windshield, must be kept free of ice and condensation. In the case of motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine, a flow of hot air from the heat of the engine can, for example, be directed towards the windows.

Alternatively, the window can have an electric heating function. Thus, composite glass panes having a transparent, electrically conductive coating on an inner side surface of one of the individual panes are known. Using an external voltage source, an electrical current that heats the coating and, with it, the glass can be conducted through the electrically conductive coating. WO2012 / 052315 Al describes, for example, such a heatable, metal-based, electrically conductive coating.

The electrical contact of the electrical layer

Τ Α ΧΓ 7L Τ

1Μ fi

INS11 FUTO MEX! J; · M&gt; 't&gt; E LA W'FIÍOV' NJUSTF.IAL «'7 -j&gt; * heating is typically carried out via conductive bars, as is known from US 2007/0020465 Al. Conductive bars are made, by For example, from a printed and burned silver paste. The bus bars typically run along the top and bottom edge of the glass. The bus bars collect the current that flows through the electrically conductive coating and conduct it to external power lines that are connected to a voltage source.

The arrangement of the electric heating layer by parting lines or parting zones for the formation of a coil current path is usually known from industrial series production of crystals with electric heating layers. This has the advantage that the electrical resistance can be increased and the current path can be brought into contact by relatively small connecting electrodes. In the patent literature, such a surface heater is described, for example, in published German patent application DE 196860870 Al.

Panes having an electrical heating layer are relatively strongly shielded against electromagnetic radiation so that, in particular in motor vehicles with a windshield

<img file="MX349508B_D0005.tif" />

heated, radio data traffic can be significantly affected. Heated windscreens are therefore often provided with uncoated and thus uncoated areas (communication windows). The uncoated areas are easily permeable at least for specific ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum and thus allow smooth data traffic through the glass. The uncoated areas, on which electronic devices, such as detectors, cameras and the like are located, are often arranged in the vicinity of the upper edge of the glass where they can be easily hidden by the upper masking strip.

However, the uncoated areas negatively affect the electrical properties of the heating layer, which at least locally affects the current density distribution of the heating current flowing through the heating layer. In fact, they produce a highly inhomogeneous heating energy distribution, with the heating energy significantly reduced downward and in the vicinity of the uncoated areas. On the other hand, points with a particularly high current density develop, in which the energy of

<img file="MX349508B_D0006.tif" />

INDUSTRIAL warming is greatly increased. As a consequence, very high local glass temperatures constitute a risk of burns that can occur and impose high thermal stresses on the glass. Furthermore, this can cause the loss of binding sites of the connections.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved glass having an electrical heating layer as well as an uncoated zone and at least approximately uniform energy distribution, which is simple and inexpensive to produce.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a glass having an electrical heating layer according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the subsequent claims.

The glass according to the invention having an electrical heating layer comprises at least the following characteristics or elements:

- a first glass with a surface,

- at least one electrical heating layer made of an electrically conductive coating to heat the first glass, which is arranged on the

<img file="MX349508B_D0007.tif" />

least a part of the surface and includes at least one uncoated area,

- at least two conductive bars provided for connection to a voltage source, which are connected to the electrical heating layer so as to form a current path for a heating current between the conductive bars, and

- at least one parting lines, which electrically subdivides the electrical heating layer into at least two segments, where at least one segment and in particular the segment immediately adjacent to the uncoated area, is arranged in the form of a strip at least partially around the uncoated area so that the current path for the heating current is guided at least partially around the uncoated area.

The current path is guided, in particular the regions above and / or below the uncoated area, with above and below relative in each case to the direction of the current path, that is to say, the connection most cuts between the bus bars.

The electrical heating layer includes the

<img file="MX349508B_D0008.tif" />

MtxtCANO INSTITUTE

OF THE LIVOVI INDUL l RIAI.

<img file="MX349508B_D0009.tif" />

minus one uncoated area. This means that the uncoated area is completely or partially surrounded by the electrical heating layer. The uncoated area may, in particular, border an edge region of the electrical heating layer or extend via a bare strip beyond the edge region of the electrical heating layer.

Crystals having an electrical heating layer and an uncoated zone according to the prior art without parting lines usually have a very inhomogeneous heating energy distribution. They have, during heating, regions with low temperature, especially in the regions above and / or below the uncoated zone.

The invention is based on the recognition of the fact that optimization of the current path can be obtained by means of parting lines. Through the formation of at least one segment according to the invention which is arranged in the form of a strip around a part of the uncoated area, the current path can be guided towards the regions having a lower temperature. This results in a more homogeneous heating energy distribution and temperature distribution.

<img file="MX349508B_D0010.tif" />

The invention is more effective the larger the uncoated area and the more segments formed by parting lines according to the invention. In an advantageous embodiment, the electrical heating layer has at least two parting lines and preferably from 4 to 30 parting lines, which form segments that are arranged at least partially in a strip fashion around the uncoated area. As the inventors' investigations revealed, approximately 10 parting lines running on both sides, for example, of a centrally disposed uncoated zone within the heating layer are sufficient to obtain adequate homogenization of the distribution of the heating energy. At the same time, the effort of the provision for the introduction of the separation lines remains temporarily and financially acceptable.

At the same time, the parting lines must be implemented particularly thin to adversely affect the vision through the glass as little as possible. In another advantageous embodiment of the glass according to the invention, the width d of the parting line is from 30 pm to 200 pm and preferably from 70 pm to 140 pm. This has the particular advantage that parting lines with this small width affect

<img file="MX349508B_D0011.tif" />

negatively viewing through the glass only very little or nothing.

In another advantageous embodiment of the glass according to the invention, the width of the segment between the uncoated areas and the closest parting line and / or between two adjacent parting lines is 1 cm to 15 cm. This makes it possible to obtain a particularly advantageous improvement in the homogeneity of the distribution of the heating energy of the electric heating layer.

In another advantageous embodiment of the glass according to the invention, the area of ​​the uncoated zone is 0.5 dm² at 15 dm² and preferably 2 dm² at 8 dm². Crystals according to the prior art without parting lines according to the invention and with uncoated areas of this magnitude exhibit particularly inhomogeneous heating energy distributions and can only be improperly released from ice, snow, and condensation under poor weather conditions. Through the use of parting lines according to the invention, a particularly high and advantageous improvement of the heating characteristics of the glass can be obtained with those large uncoated areas.

In another advantageous embodiment of the

<img file="MX349508B_D0012.tif" />

IMPI

MIXICANA INSTITUTE

OF IA P ^ OrtU'AO (NCHISWA According to the invention, the average length of each of the segments deviates by less than 25%, preferably from 0% to 10% and particularly preferably from 0% to 5% of the average of the average lengths The average length of a segment describes the average length of the segment in the direction of the current path, which flows through the segment after the application of a voltage. The mean of the mean length is obtained by adding all the mean lengths and subsequently dividing by the number of segments.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, all the average lengths of the segments are approximately the same length. Since the average length also depends on the curvature of the segment, to obtain improved heating characteristics, it may be advantageous to shorten the current path through the segment by means of additional bus bars or low impedance bridges.

In another advantageous embodiment of the glass according to the invention, a third conductive bar is arranged in electrical contact with the first conductive bar or the second conductive bar, which shortens the length of the current path by at least one segment, preferably by all segments, compared to the outward current path of

<img file="MX349508B_D0013.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO • E LA MONEDAD INDUSTRIA!

the segments and parting lines. For this, a third busbar can contain multiple segments or all segments. By means of the third busbar, for example, the average length of the respective segment is shortened.

Alternatively, each segment can have its own additional bus bar. The resistance of the additional busbar can be tailored across the width, thickness, and shape so that each segment can be affected by a defined voltage and this produces a particularly favorable heating energy distribution.

The width of the first and second conductive bars is preferably 2mm to 30mm, particularly preferably 4mm to 20mm, and in particular 10mm to 20mm. Thinner busbars result in excessively high electrical resistance and thus excessively high heating of the busbar during operation. Furthermore, thinner bus bars are difficult to produce using printing techniques such as screen printing. Thicker busbars require undesirably high material usage. Furthermore, they result in an unduly large and unaesthetic reduction in the region of the glass that can be seen through.

The length of the busbar is governed by the dimension of the electrical heating layer. In the case of a busbar that is typically implemented in the form of a strip, the largest of its dimensions is referred to as the length and the smallest of its dimensions is referred to as the width. Third busbars or additional busbars can also be implemented even thinner, preferably 0.6mm to 5mm.

The first and second conductive bars are preferably arranged along a lateral edge on the electrically conductive coating and run, in particular, virtually parallel to each other. The length of the bus bar is typically substantially equal to the length of the side edge of the electrical heating layer, but can also be slightly larger or smaller. Also, more than two conductive bars may be disposed on the electrically conductive coating, preferably in the edge region along two opposite side edges of the electrical heating layer. Still more than two conductive rods may be arranged on the electrical heating layer, for example around two or more independent heating fields.

In an advantageous embodiment, the bus bar

<img file="MX349508B_D0014.tif" />

<img file="MX349508B_D0015.tif" />

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF IA PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL according to the invention is implemented as a printed and burned conductive structure. The printed conductor bar preferably contains at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound, and / or carbon, particularly preferably a noble metal, in particular silver. The printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metal particles, and / or carbon and, in particular, noble metal particles such as silver particles. The electrical conductivity is preferably obtained by means of the electrically conductive particles. The particles can be placed in an organic and / or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably as a printing paste with glass frits.

The layer thickness of the printed busbar is preferably from 5 pm to 40 pm, particularly preferably from 8 pm to 20 pm, and more particularly preferably from 8 pm to 12 pm. Conductive bars printed with these thicknesses are technically simple to make and have an advantageous current carrying capacity.

The specific resistance p_to of the bus bar is preferably 0.8 pohm'cm to 7.0 pohm'cm and particularly preferably 1.0 pohm'cm to 2.5 pohm'cm. Conductive bars with resistors

<img file="MX349508B_D0016.tif" />

Specifics in this range are technically simple to implement and have an advantageous current carrying capacity.

Alternatively, however, the conductive bar can also be implemented as a strip of electrically conductive foil of metal. In that case, the busbar contains, for example, at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten, and / or tin or alloys thereof. The strip preferably has a thickness from 10 pm to 500 pm, particularly preferably from 30 pm to 300 pm. Conductive bars made of electrically conductive thin sheets of metal with such thicknesses are technically simple to make and have an advantageous current carrying capacity. The strip can be electrically conductively connected to the electrically conductive structure, for example, via a solder compound, via an electrically conductive adhesive, or by direct placement.

In another advantageous embodiment of the crystal according to the invention, the electrical resistance along the current path is reduced by a low impedance bridge in at least one segment. The low impedance bridge has a lower blade resistance than the electrical layer material of

<img file="MX349508B_D0017.tif" />

heating. The low impedance bridge is preferably made of the busbar material and is preferably printed as well. The low impedance bridge is not necessarily electrically connected directly to one of the bus bars, but can be connected to the bus bars simply via the electrical heating layer. By means of low impedance bridges, the current path and voltage drop within a segment can be controlled so that the heating properties of the crystal can be specifically improved.

The glass according to the invention includes a first glass, on which an electrical heating layer is arranged. Depending on the material of the electrical heating layer, it may be advantageous to protect the heating layer with a protective layer, for example a lacquer, a polymeric film and / or a second glass.

In an advantageous embodiment of the glass according to the invention, the surface of the first glass, on which the electrical heating layer is arranged, is already bonded to a second glass via an intermediate thermoplastic layer.

Basically all electrically insulating substrates that are thermally and chemically stable, as well

rX under the conditions · —ΐΝ.χτσυτο ml / jcano DE la&gt; 'S &lt;&gt; ¡ECaí) optionally according to the invention, the second as dimensionally stable production and use of the crystal are suitable as the first and, crystal.

The first glass and / or the second glass preferably contain glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, or clear plastics, preferably rigid clear plastics, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate. , polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyamide, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, and / or mixtures thereof. The first glass and / or the second glass are preferably transparent, particularly for use of the glass as a windshield or rear window of a motor vehicle or other uses in which high light transmittance is desirable. In the context of the invention, transparent means a crystal having transmittance of more than 70% in the visible spectral range. For windows, which are not located in the relevant field of view of the driver's traffic, for example for roof windows, the transmittance can, however, also be much lower, for example greater than 5%.

Glass thickness can vary widely and

<img file="MX349508B_D0018.tif" />

IΜ ΡI

INSTITUTO MEXIC-NO

OF THE INDUSTRIAL ΜΟίΊΕΓΜΙ »thus be ideally adapted to the requirements of the individual case. Preferably, glasses with the standard thicknesses of 1.0mm to 25mm, preferably 1.4mm to 2.5mm, are used for motor vehicle glass and preferably 4mm to 25mm for furniture, appliances, and buildings, in particular for Electric heaters. The size of the crystal can vary widely and is determined by the size of the use according to the invention. The first glass and optionally the second glass have, for example, in the automotive sector and the architectural sector, common areas of 200 cm² up to 20 cm².

The crystal can have any three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the three-dimensional shape does not have shadow areas so that it can, for example, be coated by cathodic electrodeposition. Preferably, the substrates are flat or slightly or greatly curved in a plurality or a plurality of spatial directions. In particular, flat substrates are used. The crystals can be colorless or tinted.

Multiple crystals are joined together by at least one interlayer. The intermediate layer preferably contains at least one thermoplastic polymer, preferably polyvinylbutyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and / or terephthalate.

<img file="MX349508B_D0019.tif" />

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE ΡΧΟΠΕΠΑΙ.

INDUSTRIAL polyethylene (PET). The thermoplastic interlayer can, however, also contain, for example, polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyacrylate, polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, resins molding agents, acrylates, fluorinated ethylenepropylenes, polyvinyl fluoride, and / or ethylenetetrafluoroethylene, or copolymers or mixtures thereof. The intermediate thermoplastic layer can be formed by one or even a plurality of thermoplastic films arranged one on top of the other, with the thickness of a thermoplastic film preferably being 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.

In a composite glass according to the invention consisting of a first glass, an intermediate layer, and a second glass, the electrical heating layer can be applied directly on the first glass or on a support film or on the intermediate layer itself . The first pane and the second pane each have an inner side surface and an outer side surface. The inner side surfaces of the first and second panes are oriented towards each other and are joined to each other via the intermediate thermoplastic layer. The outer side surfaces of the first and second panes are facing towards each other and away from the thermoplastic layer

<img file="MX349508B_D0020.tif" />

intermediate. The electrical coatingme ^^ - ~ G © aduG.i_QX __ ^ a. applied to the inner side surface of the first glass. Of course, another electrically conductive coating can be applied on the inner side surface of the second glass. The outer side surfaces of the panes can also have coatings. The terms first crystal and second crystal are selected to distinguish between the two crystals in a composite crystal according to the invention. No statement related to the geometric arrangement is associated with the terms. If, for example, the glass according to the invention is provided in an opening, for example, of a motor vehicle or a building, to separate the interior from the exterior environment, the first glass can be oriented towards the interior or towards the environment external.

The electrical heating layer contains an electrically conductive coating. Electrically conductive coatings according to the invention are known, for example, from DE 20 2008 017 611 Ul, EP 0 847 965 Bl, or WO2012 / 052315 Al. They typically contain one or more, for example two, three, or four electrically conductive functional layers. The functional layers preferably contain at least one metal, for example silver, gold, copper, nickel and / or chromium or an aran ~ i -al **

<img file="MX349508B_D0021.tif" />

metal alloy. The functional layers in particular preferably contain at least 90% by weight of the metal, in particular at least 99.9% by weight of the metal. The functional layers can be made of metal or metal alloy. Functional layers particularly preferably contain silver or a silver-containing alloy. These functional layers have a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity with, at the same time, a high transmittance in the visible spectral range. The thickness of a functional layer is preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably 8 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the functional layer, an advantageously high transmittance in the visible spectral range and a particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are obtained.

Typically, at least one dielectric layer is disposed, in each case, between two adjacent functional layers of the heatable coating. Preferably, another dielectric layer is arranged below the first and / or on top of the last functional layer. A dielectric layer contains at least a single layer made of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide. Dielectric layers can, however, also include multiple individual layers, for example layers

<img file="MX349508B_D0022.tif" />

IMPI • «TITUTO MEXICANO

OF INDUSTRIAL FROFIEOaD individual dielectric material, softening layers, coupling layers, blocking layers and / or anti-reflective layers. The thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm.

This layered structure is generally obtained through a sequence of deposition procedures that are performed using a vacuum method, such as magnetically enhanced cathodic electrodeposition.

Other suitable electrically conductive coatings preferably contain indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine doped tin oxide (SnO2: F), or aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Al).

The electrical heating layer can, in principle, be any coating that is to be electrically contacted. The glass according to the invention is intended to allow viewing through this, as is the case, for example, with glass in the area of ​​a window, the electrically conductive coating is preferably transparent. The electrically conductive coating according to the invention is preferably transparent to electromagnetic radiation, particularly preferably to electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength of 300 to 1300 nm and in particular to visible light.

In an advantageous embodiment, the coating

<img file="MX349508B_D0023.tif" />

Electrically conductive is a layer or a layered structure of a plurality of individual layers with a total thickness less than or equal to 2 pm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 1 pm.

An advantageous electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a sheet resistance of 0.4 ohm / square to 10 ohm / square. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive coating according to the invention has a sheet resistance of 0.5 ohm / square to 1 ohm / square. Coatings with such electrical resistors are particularly well suited for heating motor vehicle window panes to typical on-board voltages of 12 V to 48 V or on electric motor vehicles with typical on-board mounts up to 500 V.

The electrical heating layer can be spread over the entire surface of the first crystal. Alternatively, the electrical heating layer can also extend over only part of the surface of the first crystal. The electrical heating layer preferably extends over at least 50%, particularly preferably over at least 70%, and more particularly preferably over at least 90% of the inner side surface of the first pane.

<img file="MX349508B_D0024.tif" />

<img file="MX349508B_D0025.tif" />

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

The electrical heating layer may have one or a plurality of uncoated regions. Those regions can have a particularly high transmittance for electromagnetic radiation, for example infrared radiation, or radar waves and are known, for example, as data transmission windows or communication windows.

In an advantageous embodiment of the glass according to the invention as a composite glass, the inner side surface of the first glass has a circumferential edge region with a width of 2mm to 50mm, preferably 5mm to 20mm, which is not provided with the electrically conductive coating. Then, the electrically conductive coating has no contact with the atmosphere and is, inside the glass, advantageously protected by the intermediate thermoplastic layer against damage and corrosion.

The bus bars are brought into electrical contact by one or a plurality of power lines. The feed line is preferably implemented as a flexible metal foil conductor (flat conductor, ribbon cable). This means an electrical conductor whose width is significantly greater than its thickness. That thin sheet metal conductor is, for example, a strip or band that contains or is

<img file="MX349508B_D0026.tif" />

made of copper, tinned copper, aluminum, silver, gold, or alloys thereof. The metal foil conductor has, for example, a width of 2mm to 16mm and a thickness of 0.03mm to 0.1mm. The metal foil conductor may have an insulating jacket, preferably polymeric, for example based on polyimide. The metal foil conductors that are suitable for contacting electrically conductive coatings on crystals have only a total thickness of, for example 0.3 mm. Those thin metal foil conductors can be included without difficulty in the intermediate thermoplastic layer between the individual crystals. A plurality of electrically conductive layers insulated from one another can be placed in a conductive strip of foil metal.

Alternatively, thin metal wires can also be used as an electrical power line. Metal wires contain, in particular, copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminum or alloys of at least two of these metals. The alloys can also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium, or platinum.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electrical supply line is connected to a contact strip, for example, by means of a composite of

4

<img file="MX349508B_D0027.tif" />

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY solder or electrically conductive adhesive. The contact strip is then connected to the bus bar. In the context of the invention, the contact strip is an extension of the supply line, so that the connection area between the contact strip and the bus bar means the connection area according to the invention beyond the which distance runs in the direction of the extension of the busbar.

The contact strip advantageously increases the current carrying capacity of the bus bar. Also, undesirable heating of the contact point between the busbar and the feed line can be avoided by the contact strip. Furthermore, the contact strip simplifies the electrical contact of the bus bar by the power supply line since the supply line does not have to be connected, for example soldered, to the already applied bus bar.

The contact strip preferably contains at least one metal, particularly preferably copper, tinned copper, silver, gold, aluminum, zinc, tungsten and / or tin. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the electrical conductivity of the contact strip. The contact strip may also include alloys preferably containing one or a plurality of the elements

<img file="MX349508B_D0028.tif" />

<img file="MX349508B_D0029.tif" />

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROHSDaO INDUSTRIAL mentioned and, optionally, other elements ^ for example, brass or bronze.

The contact strip is preferably implemented as a strip of thin electrically conductive metal foil. The thickness of the contact strip is preferably from 10 pm to 500 pm, particularly preferably from 15 pm to 200 pm, more particularly preferably from 50 pm to 100 pm. Thin metal sheets of these thicknesses are technically simple to produce and readily available and also have an advantageously low electrical resistance.

The length of the contact strip is preferably 10 mm to 400 m, particularly preferably 10 mm to 100 mm, and in particular 20 mm to 60 mm. This is particularly advantageous with respect to a good manageability of the contact strip as well as a suitably large contact area for electrical contact between the connector bar and the contact strip.

The width of the contact strip is preferably 2mm to 40mm, particularly preferably 5mm to 30mm. This is particularly advantageous with respect to the contact area between the contact strip and the contact bar and the simple connection of the contact strip to the electrical supply line. The terms length and width of the contact strip are

- WICKED

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OF THE H '.- jmiAD

INDO.'TRIAL Ί »** —-- *, ——- ~ · ^ · -« SX-MV ·.! i. «• al». '!¹·· · »-τβ · refer in each case to the dimension in the same direction indicated by the length or width of the conductor bar.

In a preferred embodiment, the contact strip is in direct contact with the contact bar over its entire surface. For this, a contact strip is placed on the conductive bar. The particular advantage lies in the simple production of the glass and the use of the entire surface of the contact strip as the contact surface.

The contact strip can simply be placed on the conductive bar and is stably and durably fixed in the intended position within the laminated glass.

The invention further comprises a method of producing a glass having an electrical heating layer, comprising at least:

(a) application of an electrical heating layer with an uncoated area on a surface of a first crystal, (b) application of at least two conductive bars provided for connection to a voltage source, which are connected to the layer electrical heating so as to form a current path for a heating current between the bus bars

-.................. - ,.

WICKED

INSTITUTO MBXICANl&gt;

OE LA TRORIEOAO i industrial (c) introduction of at least one separation line, which electrically subdivides the electrical heating layer into at least two segments, where at least one segment is arranged at least partially in the form of a strip around the area uncoated so that the current path for the heating current is guided at least partially around the uncoated area.

The application of the electrically conductive coating of the electrical heating layer in process step (a) can be carried out by methods known per se, preferably by magnetically enhanced cathodic electrodeposition. This is particularly advantageous with respect to a simple, fast, inexpensive, and uniform coating of the first glass. However, the electrically conductive coating can also be applied, for example, by vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), or by wet chemical methods.

The first glass can be subjected to a temperature heat treatment after process step (a). The first glass with the electrically conductive coating is heated to a temperature of at least

200 ° C, preferably at least

300 ° C. The

<img file="MX349508B_D0030.tif" />

<img file="MX349508B_D0031.tif" />

IH5T &lt;T &lt;&lt; TR1 MEXICAN 05 MOFÍEDAD 'νονττιιλι temperature treatment can serve to increase the transmittance and / or to reduce the sheet resistance of the electrically conductive coating.

The first glass can be bent after process step (a), typically at a temperature of 500 ° C to 700 ° C. Since it is technically simpler to coat a flat pane, this procedure is advantageous if the first pane is to be bent. However, alternatively, the first glass can also be bent prior to process step (a), for example, if the electrically conductive coating is not suitable to withstand a bending process without damage.

The application of the conductive bar in process step (b) is preferably effected by printing and burning an electrically conductive paste in a screen printing process or in an ink jet process. Alternatively, the conductive bar may be applied, preferably placed, welded, or glued, over the electrically conductive coating as a strip of electrically conductive foil of metal.

In screen printing methods, the lateral shaping is accomplished by masking the mesh through which the printing paste is pressed with the metal particles. By means of shaping

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Uk LA l'KOl'itÜAD

INDUSTRIAL appropriate masking, the width b of the busbar, for example, can be predefined and varied in a simple way.

Removal of the coating from the individual parting lines in the electrically conductive coating is preferably accomplished using a laser beam. Methods for disposing thin metal foils are known, for example, from EP 2 200 097 Al or EP 2 139 049 Al. The coating removal width is preferably 10 pm to 1000 pm, particularly preferably 30 pm to 200 pm, and in particular 70 pm to 140 pm. In this range, a particularly clean coating removal without residue takes place using the laser beam. Coating removal using a laser beam is particularly advantageous since exposed lines are optically very unclear and appearance and vision through glass are only slightly adversely affected. The removal of the coating from a line, with a width that is wider than the width of a laser cut, is carried out by repeated steps along the line with a laser beam. Consequently, the duration and costs of the process increase with the increase of the width of the line. Alternatively, removal of the coating can be accomplished by mechanical ablation,

<img file="MX349508B_D0032.tif" />

Mexican IMPI nsTITUTE

DF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL as well as by chemical or physical engraving.

An advantageous improvement of the method according to the invention includes at least the following additional steps:

(d) disposing an intermediate thermoplastic layer on the coated surface of the first glass and disposing a second glass on the intermediate thermoplastic layer, and (e) bonding the first glass and the second glass via the intermediate thermoplastic layer.

In process step (d), the first glass is arranged so that one of its surfaces that is provided with the heating layer faces the intermediate thermoplastic layer. The surface thus becomes the inner side surface of the first crystal.

The intermediate thermoplastic layer can be formed by a single thermoplastic film or by two or more thermoplastic films that are already arranged one on top of the other.

The joining of the first and second crystals in process step (e) is preferably carried out under the action of heat, vacuum and / or pressure. Methods known per se can be used to produce a crystal.

For example, so-called autoclaving methods

<img file="MX349508B_D0033.tif" />

They can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130 ° C to 145 ° C for approximately 2 hours. The vacuum bag and vacuum ring methods known per se operate, for example, at about 200 mbar and from 80 ° C to 110 ° C. The first glass, the middle thermoplastic layer, and the second glass can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a glass. Systems of this type are known to produce crystals and usually have at least one heating tunnel upstream before a pressing installation. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, 40 ° C to 150 ° C. Combinations of calendering and autoclaving methods have proven to be especially effective in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or a plurality of heated and evacuable chambers in which the first glass and the second glass are heated within, for example, approximately 60 minutes at reduced pressure from 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures from 80 ° C to 170 ° C.

The invention further includes the use of the glass according to the invention with electrical contact in buildings, in particular in the access area, window area, roof area, or facade area, as a

<img file="MX349508B_D0034.tif" />

component integrated in furniture and devices, in means of transport to move on land, in the air or on water, in particular in trains, boats and motor vehicles, for example, as a windshield, rear window, side window, and / or ceiling glass.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention is explained in detail in the following with reference to the figures and exemplary embodiments. Figures are a schematic representation and are not to scale. The Figures in no way restrict the invention.

They describe

Figure 1A a plan view of an embodiment of the glass according to the invention having an electrical heating layer,

Figure IB a cross-sectional view along cut line AA 'through the glass of Figure 1A,

Figure 1C an enlarged view of a detail of Figure 1A,

Figure 2A is a plan view of a crystal according to the prior art as a comparative example,

Figure 2B simulates the heating energy distribution of the comparative example of Figure 2A,

<img file="MX349508B_D0035.tif" />

<img file="MX349508B_D0036.tif" />

INSTITUTO MEXICANC DE Ι.Λ INDUSTRY PROPERTY!

In Figure 2C the simulation of l-¿rtlistiibucíon Cfé · temperature of the comparative example of Figure 2A,

Figure 3A a plan view of another embodiment of the glass of the invention,

Figure 3B the simulation of the distribution of the heating energy of the glass according to the invention of Figure 3A,

Figure 3C the simulation of the temperature distribution of the crystal according to the invention of Figure 3A,

Figure 4 a plan view of another embodiment of the glass according to the invention,

Figure 5 a plan view of another embodiment according to the invention, and

Figure 6 is a detailed flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1A depicts a plan view of an exemplary embodiment of a glass 100 in accordance with the invention having an electrical heating layer. Figure IB depicts a cross section through glass 100 in accordance with the invention of Figure 1A along section line AA '. The glass 100 comprises a first glass 1 and a second glass 2, which are joined together via a thermoplastic layer.

IMPI Mexican iNsTmrro

OF LA FtOMEDAn

INRUSTRIAI

<img file="MX349508B_D0037.tif" />

intermediate 4. The glass 100 is, for example, a motor vehicle window and, in particular, the windshield of an automobile. The first pane 1, for example, is intended to face inward in the installed position. The first glass 1 and the second glass 2 are made of soda-lime glass. The thickness of the first pane 1 is, for example, 1.6 mm and the thickness of the second pane 2 is 2.1 mm. The intermediate thermoplastic layer 4 is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. An electrical heating layer 3 made of an electrically conductive coating is applied on the inner side surface III of the first crystal 1. The electrical heating layer 3 is a system of layers containing, for example, three electrically conductive silver layers that are separated from each other by dielectric layers. When a current flows through the electrical heating layer 3, it is heated due to its electrical resistance and the development of Joule heat. The electrical heating layer 3 can consequently be used to activate the heating of the glass 100.

The electrical heating layer 3 extends, for example, over the entire surface III of the first glass 1 minus an uncoated region in the form of a circumferential frame with a width of 8 mm. The region without

<img file="MX349508B_D0038.tif" />

IMPI

MtXlCANl INSTITUTE

DI LA MOHíCAD INÍIUSTUIAI coating is used for electrical insulation between the electrical current-carrying heating layer 3 and the body of the motor vehicle. The uncoated region is hermetically sealed by adhering to the intermediate layer 4 to protect the electrical heating layer 3 against damage and corrosion.

For electrical contact, in each case, a first conductive bar 5.1 is arranged in the region of the lower edge; and another, the second conductive bar 5.2 is arranged in the region of the upper edge of the electrical heating layer 3. The conductive bars 5.1, 5.2 contain, for example, silver particles and were applied by screen printing and then burned. The length of the conductive bars 5.1, 5.2 corresponds to approximately the dimension of the electrical heating layer 3.

When an electrical voltage is applied to the bus bars 5.1 and 5.2, a uniform current flows through the electrical heating layer 3 between the bus bars 5.1, 5.2. A supply line 7 is arranged approximately in the center on each busbar 5.1, 5.2. The feed line 7 is a known per se metal foil conductor. Power line 7 is electrically conductively connected to bus bar 5.1, 5.2

<img file="MX349508B_D0039.tif" />

<img file="MX349508B_D0040.tif" />

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

DRIA FKOHEOaO INDI ISTMIA I.

via a contact surface, for example, by means of a solder compound, an electrically conductive adhesive, or by simply placing and applying pressure within the glass 100. The thin-foil conductor 5 contains, for example, a thin foil of tinned copper with a width of 10 mm and a thickness of 0.3 mm. The busbars 5.1, 5.2 are connected via the electrical power lines 7 via the connection cable 13 to a voltage source 14, which provides a common on-board voltage 10 for motor vehicles, preferably from 12 V to 15

V and, for example, about 14 V. Alternatively, the voltage source 14 can have even higher voltages, for example, 35 V to 45 V, and in particular 42 V.

A third conductive bar 5.3 in the form of a semicircular line which is electrically conductively connected to the second conductive bar 5.2 is arranged, for example, on the upper edge of the pane 100. Alternatively, the third conductive bar 20 5.3 may be implemented with a rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, or other shape. The third busbar 5.3 has, for example, a width of 10 mm.

An uncoated zone 8 is arranged in the upper region of the glass 100 approximately in the

<img file="MX349508B_D0041.tif" />

IMPI ►íSTITUr · MEXICANO OHA'MIWfD iNOurr * i «i center in relation to the width of the glass. The uncoated area 8 has no electrically conductive material from the electrical heating layer 3. The uncoated area 8 is, for example, completely surrounded by the electrical heating layer 3. Alternatively, the uncoated area 8 can be arranged at the edge of the electrical heating layer 3. The area of ​​the uncoated zone 8 is, for example, 1.5 dm². The length of the uncoated area 8 is, for example, 18 cm. Here, the term length means the dimension in the direction that runs in the direction of the current path through the crystal, that is, in the direction of the shortest connecting line between the connecting bars 5.1, 5.2. In the example of the motor vehicle window of Figure 1A, the length of the uncoated area 8 is arranged in the vertical direction and the width in the horizontal direction, parallel to the conductive bars 5.1, 5.2. The uncoated area 8 is adjacent to the bus bar 5.3 on its upper end.

The conductive bars 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 have, in the example described, a constant thickness of, for example, about 10 pm and a constant specific resistance of, for example, 2.3 pohm * cm.

The electrical heating layer 3 has four

<img file="MX349508B_D0042.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MF.XICZN · 'DE LA INObVfÁlAL lines separating 9.1, 9.1', 9.2, 9.2 ', which are arranged, for example, in mirror symmetry towards the uncoated area 8. In the region of the separation lines 9.1, 9.1 ', 9.2, 9.2', the electric heating layer 3 is electrically interrupted. The parting lines 9.1, 9.1 ', 9.2, 9.2' are arranged in a strip shape around the uncoated area 8 and form segments 10.1, 10.1 ', 10.2, 10.2', 10.3, 10.3 'in the electrical heating layer 3 The current paths 11 are guided around the uncoated zone 8 by the segments 10.1, 10.1 ', 10.2, 10.2' in the electrical heating layer 3. In particular, the current path 11 in the segments 10.1, 10.1 'are guided in the intermediate neighborhood of the uncoated zone 8 in the region 12 below the uncoated zone 8. In this region 12, only an energy of small heating in an electrical heating layer 3 according to the prior art without parting lines (see the distribution of heating energy according to the prior art in Figure 2B).

Figure IB schematically depicts a cross section through glass 100 according to the invention along section line AA '. The parting lines 9.1, 9.1 ', 9.2 and 9.2' have width di, di ',

<img file="MX349508B_D0043.tif" />

institut MEXICANU

OF THE EKüPltDAU

INDUSTRIAL d₂, d₂', of, for example, 100 pm and are, for example, introduced into the electrical heating layer 3 by laser arrangement. The separation lines 9.1, 9.1 ', 9.2, 9.2' with that small width are hardly perceptible optically and only disturb the view through the glass 100 a little, which is of particular importance for driving safety, especially for use in motor vehicles.

By means of an opaque ink layer known per se as a masking print, the region of the third conductive bar 5.3 can be prevented from being visible to an observer. The masking print (not shown here) can be applied, for example, on the inner side surface of the second glass 2 in the form of a frame.

A contact strip (not shown here) can be arranged between the supply line 7 and the busbar 5.1, 5.2. The contact strip is used for the simple connection of the contact bar 5.1, 5.2 to an external power line 7 and is, for example, arranged orthogonal to the power line 7 and in the longitudinal direction 6 of the conducting bar 5.1 , 5.2. The contact strip advantageously increases the current carrying capacity of the bus bar 5.1, 5.2. In this way, the passage of electric current from

ΊΜΡΙ

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE EKOITtDAC

INDUSTRY! - «* busbar 5.1, 5.2 to power line 7 is distributed over a larger area and local overheating, known as hot spots, is avoided. The contact strip is in contact, for example, over its entire surface with the conducting bar 5.1, 5.2. The contact strip is, for example, during the production of the glass 100 placed on the conductive bar 5.1, 5.2 and is durably and stably fixed by the thermoplastic layer 4 on the conductive bar 5.1, 5.2. The contact strip is made of, for example, copper, and has a thickness of 100 µm, a width of 8 mm, and a length of 5 cm. The contact strip and the bus bar 5.1, 5.2 are preferably in direct contact. Thus, the electrical connection does not occur via a solder compound or electrically conductive adhesive. In this way, the production process of crystal 100 is significantly simplified. Furthermore, the risk of damage to the busbar 5.1, 5.2, when it exists, for example, in the case of welding or with stress of the welded joint, can be avoided.

Figure 1C depicts an enlarged view of a detail in the region of the uncoated area 8 and the parting lines 9.1, 9.2 that were arranged on the left side of the uncoated area 8. The segment 10.2 between the parting lines 9.1 and 9.2 is,

<img file="MX349508B_D0044.tif" />

for example, represented by the lattice. All

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROntUAÍ 'INDUSTRIAL separation lines 9.1, 9.2 terminate on line 6 below the uncoated region 8. In addition, the average length Li of segment 10.1 and the average length L are shown.₂ of segment 10.2. The average length Li is, for example, 25 cm. Average length L₂ is, for example, 28 cm. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the average lengths Li and L₂ they are implemented roughly the same. The average length L of a segment 10.1, 10.2 is generally determined by the curvature of the parting lines and thus by the curvature of the segment as well as by the position of the upper bus bar 5.2 and possibly the third bus bar 5.3. An optional average length L of segment 10.1, 10.2 for a homogeneous heating energy distribution can be determined in simple experiments and simulations.

Figure 2A depicts a crystal 100 according to the prior art. The glass 100 comprises a first glass 1 and a second glass 2, which are joined together via an intermediate thermoplastic layer 4. The glass 100 is, for example, a motor vehicle window and, in particular, the windshield of a car. The first pane 1, for example, is intended to face inward in the installed position. The first

<img file="MX349508B_D0045.tif" />

IMPI

USTITUTU M WICANi FROM INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY glass 1 and second glass 2 are made of soda-lime glass. The thickness of the first pane 1 is, for example, 1.6 mm and the thickness of the second pane 2 is 2.1 mm. The intermediate thermoplastic layer 4 is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and has a thickness of 0.76 mm. An electrical heating layer 3 made of an electrically conductive coating, corresponding to the structure of the electrical heating layer 3 of Figure 1A, is applied on the inner side surface III of the first crystal 1. In contrast to Figure 1A, the busbar 5.1 arranged on the lower edge of the glass 100 has two supply lines 7.1, 7.2. The conductor bars 5.1, 5.2 each have a constant thickness of, for example, 10 pm and a constant specific resistance of, for example, 2.3 pohm * cm. Furthermore, the glass 100 according to the prior art differs from the glass 100 according to the invention of Figure 1A in that no separation lines are incorporated in the electrical heating layer 3.

The area of ​​the electric heating layer 3 is about 0.98 m². The electrical heating layer 3 has an uncoated region 8 in the upper third of the crystal and approximately in the center relative to the width of the crystal. The uncoated region 8 has, for example, a maximum width of 21

<img file="MX349508B_D0046.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTE MFXIONO

DE Ι.Α INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY cm, a maximum length of 24 cm, and a total area of ​​400 cm².

The glass has a 5.2 conductor bar on the top edge. The current is fed to the busbar 5.2 through a supply line 7, identified by an arrow. The current flows through the electrical heating layer 3 towards a conducting bar 5.1 which is arranged in the lower region of the glass 100. The conducting bar 5.1 is connected on its right and left end, respectively to a supply line 7.1, 7.2 . The conductive bars 5.1, 5.2 have, for example, a width of 16 mm and a thickness of 10 pm. The electrical heating layer 3 has, for example, a sheet resistance of 0.9 ohm / square. For a finite element simulation, a voltage of 14 V between the lower power lines 7.1 and 7.2 and the upper power line 7 and an ambient temperature of 22 ° C was assumed. Furthermore, the heating time of 12 minutes was assumed in the simulation.

Figure 2B depicts the simulation of the heating energy distribution of the crystal 100 according to the prior art of Figure 2A without parting lines in the electrical heating layer 3. The electrical output of the crystal is 318 W.

Figure 2C describes the simulation of the

<img file="MX349508B_D0047.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO Di LA ΪΜΗΙΟΛΟ industrial temperature distribution of the comparative example according to the prior art of Figure 2Ά. The maximum temperature T_max on glass 100 is 50.7 ° C, the average temperature T_prom in region 12 below uncoated zone 8 it is 26.2 ° C.

Figure 3A depicts a plan view of another embodiment of a crystal 100 according to the invention. The first glass 1, the second glass 2, the electrical heating layer 3, the intermediate thermoplastic layer 4, and the external power lines 7, 7.1, 7.2 are configured as in Figure 2A. The electrical heating layer 3 has an uncoated zone 8, which corresponds to that of Figure 2A. A third conductive bar 5.3 is arranged in the upper region of the glass 100. Furthermore, the electric heating layer 3 has in each case eight parting lines 9.1-9.8, 9.1'9.8 'on both sides of the uncoated area 8. By means of the separation lines 9.1-9.8, 9.1'-9.8 ', eight segments 10.1-10.8, 10.1'-10.8' are formed on each of the two sides of the uncoated zone 8, through which the The current path is guided from the bus bar 5.2 or the third bus bar 5.3 towards the region below the uncoated zone 8. As the following simulations demonstrate, the homogenization of the distribution can be obtained in this way

<img file="MX349508B_D0048.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROPERTY INDUSTRJAI of the heating energy and the distribution temperature of the glass 100 according to the invention. The parting lines 9 are preferably introduced into the electrical heating layer 3 by laser arrangement. The width of the individual parting lines 9 is, for example, 100 µm, as a result of which the view through the glass 100 is only minimally affected.

Figure 3B depicts the simulation of the heating energy distribution of the glass 100 according to the invention of Figure 3A. The electrical output of the crystal is 312 W.

Figure 3C depicts the simulation of the temperature distribution of glass 100 according to the invention of Figure 3A. The maximum temperature T_maxon glass 100 it is 54.2 ° C; the average temperature T_prom in region 12 below uncoated zone 8 it is 32.2 ° C.

Table 1 again summarizes the results of the simulation.

<img file="MX349508B_D0049.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANC&gt;

OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRY i

Table 1

<td></td><td>Heating outlet in region 12 below uncoated zone 8</td><td>Average temperature T_prom in region 12 below the uncoated zone 8</td><td>Heating output distribution</td>

<td>Comparative example of Figure 2A (prior art)</td><td>&lt;150 W / m2</td><td>26.2 ° C</td><td>Poor</td>

<td>Crystal 10 according to the invention of the Figure 3A</td><td>&gt; 300 W / m2</td><td>32.2 ° C</td><td>Good</td>

The crystal 100 according to the invention of the

Figure 3A clearly shows improved heating properties compared to the glass 100 according to the prior art of the comparative example of Figure 2A. In particular, in the region 12 below the uncoated zone 8, the glass according to the prior art has only a heating power of &lt;150 W / m² and an average temperature of approximately

IMPI

26.2 ° C. The inhomogeneity of the heating energy distribution results in only unsatisfactory defrost and demisting function of the glass 100. In the central field of view in the region 12 below the uncoated zone 8, the heating properties do not they are sufficient to ensure trouble-free viewing through the 100 glass in winter weather conditions.

The crystal 100 according to the invention of the

Figure 3A has improved heating properties in the critical region 12 below the uncoated zone 8. Thus, the simulations produced a heating power of more than 300 W / m² and heating to an average temperature of approximately 32.2 ° C below simulation conditions. View through the glass is only minimally affected due to the low width of the parting lines and satisfies the requirements for a motor vehicle glazing.

This result was unexpected and surprising to the person skilled in the art.

Figure 4 depicts a plan view of a detail of another embodiment of a glass 100 according to the invention. The first crystal 1 with the electrical heating layer 3, the second crystal 2, the

IMPI ΐΝϊττΓυτυ Mexican

OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

<img file="MX349508B_D0050.tif" />

intermediate thermoplastic 4, and external feed lines 7, 7.1, 7.2 were configured as in Figure 3A. The electrical heating layer 3 has an uncoated zone 8 and parting lines 9.1 - 9.4, 9.1 '9.4', which subdivide the electrical heating layer 3 into a plurality of segments of 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '10.4'. Segments 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' are arranged in a strip fashion on the sides of the uncoated area 8. Also, each segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '10.4' has another bus bar 5.3-5.6, 5.3'-5.6 '. Each 5.3-5.6, 5.3'-5.6 'bus bar is electrically conductively connected directly to the 5.2 bus bar.

Due to the curvature of the segments 10.1 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' the current path 11 is elongated through the respective segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4'; and due to the constant specific sheet resistance of the electric heating layer 3, the ohmic resistance across the segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' is increased. This would result in an inhomogeneous heating energy distribution compared to the outward current paths of segments 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' formed by parting lines 9.1 - 9.4, 9.1 '- 9.4' . By shortening the length of the current path 11 through the

<img file="MX349508B_D0051.tif" />

IMPI inítitutu moiCano I heard THE «INDUSTRIAL OMTTY segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' by means of another conductive bar 5.3-5.6, 5.3'-5.6 'through which the current is fed to the segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1' - 10.4 ', a homogenization of the heating energy distribution and the temperature distribution of the electrically heated glass 100 can be obtained. The length of the 5.3-5.6, 5.3'-5.6 'busbar and its dimensions, such as thickness and width, can be determined in simple experiments and simulations. In the example described, the busbars 5.3-5.6, 5.3'5.6 'are configured in a zigzag shape, with the busbars 5.4, 5.4' configured thicker than the busbars 5.5, 5.5 ', and these, in turn, thicker than busbars 5.6, 5,6 '. The bus bars 5.4, 5.4 'have, as a result, lower resistance than the bus bars 5.5, 5.5' and those, in turn, a lower resistance than the bus bars 5.6, 5.6 '.

Figure 5 depicts a plan view of another embodiment of a crystal 100 according to the invention. The first crystal 1 with the electrical heating layer 3 and the external power lines 7, 7.1, 7.2 are configured as in Figure 4. The electrical heating layer 3 has an uncoated zone 8 and parting lines 9.1 - 9.4, 9.1'- 9.4 ', which subdivide

<img file="MX349508B_D0052.tif" />

the electrical heating layer 3 in-uiid plurality of segments 10.1-10.4, 10.1'-10.4 '. The segments 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' are arranged in a strip fashion on the sides of the uncoated area 8. The segments 10.4 and 10.4 ', which are arranged further away from the uncoated area 8, have, in each case, a third conductive bar 5.3 and 5.3 ', which is electrically conductively connected directly to the conductive bar 5.2. In addition, the other segments positioned inwards 10.1-10.3, 10.1'-10.3 'have, in each case a low impedance bridge 15.4-15.6, 15.4'-15.6', which reduces the electrical resistance of the current path to through the respective segment. The low impedance bridges 15.4-15.6, 15.4'-15.6 'are made, for example, of the material of the conductive bar 5.2 and have an electrical resistance with lower impedance than that of the electrical heating layer 3. Low impedance bridges 15.4-15.6, 15.4'-15.6 'are not electrically conductively connected directly to conductive bar 5.2, but are electrically conductively connected over their entire length to electrical heating layer 3.

Due to the curvature of the segments 10.1 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4', the current path 11 is lengthened through the respective segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '

<img file="MX349508B_D0053.tif" />

yes IMPI

FNSTTWTO MUKAWi os or mmwAO

INDWSTWWÍ

- 10.4 '; and due to the constant specific sheet resistance of the electric heating layer 3, the ohmic resistance across the segment 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' is increased. This would result in an inhomogeneous heating energy distribution compared to the outward current paths of segments 10.1 - 10.4, 10.1 '- 10.4' formed by parting lines 9.1-9.4, 9.1'-9.4 '. By shortening the length of the current path 11 through the low impedance bridges 15.4-15.6, 15.4'-15.6 ', a better homogenization of the heating energy distribution and the temperature distribution of the electrically heated glass can be obtained. 100. The length of the low impedance bridges 15.4-15.6, 15.4'-15.6 'and their optimal electrical resistance can be determined in simple experiments and simulations.

Figure 6 depicts a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention for producing electrically heatable glass 100.

It was possible to demonstrate that the crystals 100 according to the invention with parting lines exhibit clearly improved heating properties, improved homogeneity of the distribution of heating energy, and a more uniform temperature distribution at relatively high temperatures in sections.

IMPIAS

INJTITVTO MEXICANO 72 · »t LA rROHSDAO C *« &lt;HOUSTWAL ··.

particularly important from glass. At the same time, vision through glass 100 is only minimally adversely affected by parting lines in accordance with the invention.

This result was unexpected and surprising to the person skilled in the art.

Reference Character List

<td> (1)</td><td>first crystal</td>

<td> (2)</td><td>second crystal</td>

<td> (3)</td><td>electric heating layer,</td>

<td> (4)</td><td>thermoplastic intermediate layer</td>

<td> (5.1)</td><td> , (5.2),</td><td> (5.3), (5.4), (</td><td> :5.5)</td><td>bar</td>

<td>conductive</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (5.1'</td><td> ), (5.2'),</td><td> . (5.3'), (5.4'</td><td> ), (5.5')</td><td>bar</td>

<td>conductive</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (6)</td><td>line</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (7)</td><td>line of</td><td>feeding</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (8)</td><td>zone without</td><td>covering</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (9.1)</td><td> , (9.2),</td><td> (9.3), (9.4),</td><td> (9.5), (9.</td><td> 6) , (9</td>

<td> (9.8)</td><td>line of</td><td>separation</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (9.1'</td><td> ), (9.2')</td><td> , (9.3'), (9.</td><td> 4' ) , (9.5'</td><td> ) , (9.</td>

<td> (9.7') , (9.8')</td><td>line of</td><td>separation</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> (10.1</td><td> ), (10.2)</td><td> , (10.3), (10</td><td> .4), (10.5</td><td> ) , (10</td>

<td> (10.7), (10.8)</td><td>segment</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

6' ) ,

IMPIAS

INSTITUTO MEXICANO &amp; *** t ^ tíT * ^

OF THE industrial PROPERTY rV · (10.1 '), (10.2'), (10.3 '), (10.4'), (10.5 '),

<td> (10.6';</td><td>i, (10.7 '</td><td>), (10.8 ') segment</td>

<td>source</td><td>(eleven) (12) (13) (14) (15.4 low (100) (II) (III)</td><td>current path region connection cable voltage source ), (15.5), (15.6), (15.4 '), (15.5'), (15.6 ' impedance crystal second crystal surface 2 surface of first glass 1</td>

<td></td><td>b, bi, d, say, L, Li, AA '</td><td>b2 segment width 10, 10.1, 10.2 d₂ width of parting line 9 L₂ segment length 10, 10.1, 10.2 cutting line</td>

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