Sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin compositions and methods of preparation thereof.
Abstract
A particulate composition of SAE-CD is provided. The SAECD composition has an advantageous combination of physical properties not found in known solid forms of SAE-CD. In particular, the SAE-CD composition possesses an advantageous profile of physicochemical and morphological properties such that it can be adapted for particular uses. The SAE-CD composition of the invention has improved flow and dissolution performance compared to known SAE-CD compositions.

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15 claims: 5 independent, 10 dependent
- 1REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un método para preparar una composición farmacéutica que comprende una éter sulfoalquílico5 ciclodextrina y un agente activo, el método está caracterizado porque comprende:combinar una composición de partida de éter sulfoalquílico-ciclodextrina, el agente activo y un portador líquido para formar una solución, y en donde la composición de partida de éter sulfoalquílico10 ciclodextrina comprende partículas aglomeradas y tiene una densidad aparente en el intervalo de 0.38 g/cm 3 a 0.66 g/cm 3 ;y una densidad aparente después de la compactación de 0.49 g/cm 3 a 0.75 g/cm 3 , en donde el portador líquido es agua.
- 2El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 15 1, caracterizado porque comprende además secar la solución para formar una composición sólida.
- 3El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado porque el secado se realiza utilizando un secado por pulverización de lecho fluidizado. 2 0
- 4El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, en donde la relación molar de éter sulfoalquílicociclodextrina a agente activo está en el intervalo de 10 a 0.1.
- 5El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 25 1, en donde el agente activo es lamotrigina. 108 IMPI INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA SEOTISDAP INDUSTRIAL El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, en donde el agente activo es seleccionado del grupo que consiste en un agente antibiótico, agente antihistamínico, descongestionante, agente anti-inflamatorio, agente anti5 parasítico, agente antiviral, anestésico local, agente antifungal, agente antibacteriano, agente amebicida, agente tricomonicida, agente analgésico, agente anti-artrítico, agente anti-asmático, agente anti-coagulante, agente antiespasmódico, agente antidepresivo, agente antidiabético, 10 agente antineoplásico, agente anti-psicótico, agente neuroléptico, agente antihipertensivo, agente hipnótico, agente sedante, agente acelerador ansiolítico, agente antienfermedad de Parkinson, agente anti-enfermedad de Alzheimer, agente relajante muscular, agente antimalaria, 15 agente hormonal, agente contraceptivo, agente simpaticomimético, agente hipoglicémico, agente antihipergliceridemia, agente anti-dislipidemia, agente reductor del colesterol, inhibidor de la absorción de ácido biliar, agente antilipémico, agente oftálmico, agente electrolítico, 20 agente de diagnóstico, agente procinético, agente inhibidor de la secreción de ácido gástrico, agente anti-ulcerante, agente anti-flatulencias, agente anti-incontinencia, agente cardiovascular, corticosteroide, agonista del adrenoreceptor B2, agonista del receptor de dopamina D2, agente 25 anticolinérgico, inhibidor de IL-5, moduladores antisentido de IL-5, 109 lactato de milrinona, IMPI INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROPIEDAD inhibidor de antagonista del receptor de taquiquinina, áhtagorilbLd. del receptor de leucotrieno, inhibidor de 5-lipoxigenasa, anticuerpo anti-IgE, inhibidor de proteasa o cualquier 5 combinación de los mismos.
- 67. El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, en donde el agente activo es seleccionado de productos alimenticios, nutrientes, cosméticos, vitaminas, minerales, complementos dietéticos, inhibidores de esterilidad, 10 incitadores de fertilidad, microorganismos, agentes saborizantes, edulcorantes o una combinación de los mismos.
- 78 . El método de conformidad con la reivindicación en donde el agente activo es un agente oxidante seleccionado de acetona, metabisulfito de potasio, sulfito 15 de potasio, ácido ascórbico, palmitato de ascorbilo, ácido cítrico, hidroxianisol butilado, hidroxitolueno butilado, ácido hipofosfórico, monotioglicerol, galato de propilo, ascorbato de sodio, citrato de sodio, sulfuro de sodio, sulfito de sodio, bisulfito de sodio, sulfoxilato de 20 formaldehído de sodio, ácido tioglicólico, EDTA, pentetato y metabisulfito de sodio o cualquier combinación de los mismos.
- 89. Una composición farmacéutica caracterizada por que comprende una éter sulfoalquílico-ciclodextrina y lamotrigina. 25 10. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque la composición es una solución y la concentración de la lamotrifina en la solución es de 10 mg/ml. IMPI INSTITUTO MEXICANO ni la nnntnA» INDUSTRIAL 11. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con 5 la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque la relación molar de éter sulfoalquílico-ciclodextrina a lamotrigina está el intervalo de 10 a 0.1. 12. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque además comprende
- 910 uno o más excipientes.
- 1013. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque además comprende un agente amortiguador.
- 1114. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con
- 1215 la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque además comprende un agente saborizante. 15. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque la composición de partida de éter sulfoalquílico-ciclodextrina comprende la 20 composición de partida de SAE-CD empleada en el método de la reivindicación 1.
- 1316. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque la éter sulfoalquílico-ciclodextrina es un compuesto, o una mezcla 25 del mismo, que tiene la estructura de la Fórmula 1:IMPI instituto muican· Dt LA FSOHlnAD INOUTHUAL 111 en donde: n es 4, 5 o 6;Ri, R2, R3, R4, Rs, Re/ R7, Rs y R9 son cada uno, independientemente, -O- o un grupo -O-(alquileno C2-C6)SO3·-, en donde por lo menos uno de Ri a Rg es independientemente un -0-(alquileno C2-C6)-SO3· o un grupo -O-(CH2)mSOs;en donde m es de 2 a 6;y Si, S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , Se, S 7 , S 8 , S 9 son cada uno, independientemente, un catión farmacéuticamente aceptable.
- 1417. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque es una composición de administración oral.
- 1518. La composición farmacéutica de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizada porque es una composición de administración intrapulmonar, intratraqueal e intraalveolar, peroral, ocular, oftálmica, ótica, sublingual, bucal, transdérmica, transmucosa, rectal, vaginal, uterina, uretral, intratecal, nasal, parenteral, intraperitoneal, intramuscular y subdérmica. 112 IMPI INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROPIEDAD INDUSTRIAL
Independent claims15
657 paragraphs in 105 sections, as filed
(54) Title: SULFOALKYL ETHER-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THEM.
(54) Title: SULFOALKYL ETHER CYCLODEXTRIN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION THEREOF.
(57) Summary
A particulate composition of SAE-CD is provided. The SAE-CD composition has an advantageous combination of physical properties not found in known solid forms of SAE-CD. In particular, the SAE-CD composition possesses an advantageous profile of physicochemical and morphological properties such that it can be adapted for particular uses. The SAE-CD composition of the invention has improved flow and dissolution performance compared to known SAE-CD compositions.
(57) Abstract
A particulate SAE-CD composition is provided. The SAE-CD composition has an advantageous combination of physical properties not found in known solid forms of SAE-CD. In particular, the SAE-CD composition possesses an advantageous physicochemical and morphological property profile such that it can be tailored to particular uses. The SAECD composition of the invention has improved flow and dissolution performance as compared to known compositions of SAE-CD.
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PATENT TITLE No. 348982
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CYDEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
10513 W. 84th Terrace, Lenexa, Kansas, 66214, USA
SULPHALKYL ETHER-CYCLODEXTRIN COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THEM.
CIP: A61K9 / 00; Α61Κ31 / 0Θ; A61K47 / 00
CPC: A61K9 / 00; A61K31 / 53; A61K317715; A61K47 / 40
JAMES D. PIPKIN; GEROLD L.jMGSHER; DOUGtAS B. HECKER
Number;
REQUEST ' '
;. International:
MX / a / 2013/014698
Validity: Twenty years
Diy ^ onal V65J5 ^ ..... Yes ........... .... ...... · ........ C>. \. '' V. \ i 4 i
Λ. , ·. Expiration Date: 26 óé ochtwe.de 20 ^ 5 »* j λ., VJ '- ¡' * ii
Date of BxpMition ^ dojtMipde ^ bTf \ <sup>V</sup>'--J'
The reference patent s * is based on articles 1 ° 2<sup>or</sup> fraction V, irtf> eca¡5 «iilhiy 6 ^ á <Na law of the Imlustrial Property.
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Irrogable, counted to TOS.
In accordance with the Rrttóil9í23 de la teyde la-Propledad ln <from the date of presentation of the International application |
Whoever signs the present ^ ulo ^ lp does on the basis of the articles Q ^ shares Til / 7 ° bis 2.defaX ^ and <te Industrial Property (Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF)? 7/08 / 1ββ1, reformed <sup>r</sup>éf OMb / 1594,, »rt0 / 19» fc 26 ^ 997, 17M5 / JW9f * 01/26/2004, 06/16/2005, 01/25/2006, 05/06/2009, 06/04®0 | OR. W66 / 2010, 06/28 / 2010.27 / Q1 / 2M2y0 ^ 04 / 20l2X articles 1 ». 3 »section V incised and 12th sections I and ILL of the Regulations of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF. 1 ^ 1 ^ 4809, 'tornado on 07/04/2002. 07/15/2004. 07/28/2004 and 7 / 09/2007);
Articles 1, 3, 4, 5 fraction V irwisp a), 16 fractions I and III and 30 of the Organic Statute dpi Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, ¿# / 07/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007) ;, 1 “, 3 ° and more) of the Agreement giving powers to the Directors Deputy Generals, Coordinator, Directors tJivisnmaies, Trtuleres de 'las phdnas Regionales ^ .SebdrrMtóres Divisionales, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Instituto Mexícanó de la Propiedades Fhdustnal, F. 15/1 ^ 1999 (reformed 02/04/2000, 29 / 07/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007). ry *<sup>J</sup>
This official letter is signed with an advanced electronic signature (FIEl), with final ^ feerto. In BIS 2 of the Industrial Property Law; 3 of its Regulations, and 1 section III, 2 section V, 26 BIS and 26 TER of the Acu # rdcpJoM | which establish the guidelines for the use of the Payment and Electronic Services Portal (PASE) of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, ¿¿ n the procedures indicated.
<td colspan="3">THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS</td>
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INSTITUTO MEXICANO M LA INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
COMPOSITIONS OF SULFOALKYL ETHER-CYCLODEXTRIN AND
<img file="MX348982B_D0002.tif" />
METHODS OF PREPARING THEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin derivatives having improved physical properties and to methods for making the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The non-chemical physical property profile of a composition can dramatically alter the handling and process performance, and possibly the in-vibro or in-vivo performance, of a particular material. In other words, a given chemical composition having a first profile of physical properties could be suitable for inhalation; whereas, the same chemical composition that has a second different physical property profile might not be suitable for inhalation. Likewise, a particular excipient having a first physical property profile might be more suitable for tabletting by compression than would be the same excipient having a different second physical property profile.
For example, the suitability of different physical forms of a material used as a carrier for
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INSTITUTO MEXICANA!
O £ THE HtOREtMD X— INDUSTRIAL dry powder inhalation will vary according to the non-chemical physical property profile of the various physical forms of the material. Delivery of a drug by inhalation allows the deposition of the drug in different sections of the respiratory tract, for example the throat, trachea, bronchi and alveoli. Generally, the smaller the particle size, the longer the particle will remain airborne and the drug can be delivered further down the respiratory tract. Drugs are delivered by inhalation using a nebulizer, metered dose inhaler (MDI), or dry powder inhaler (DPI).
Dry powder inhalers deliver powdered pharmaceuticals in aerosol form to patients. In order to generate an aerosol, the powder in its static state must be fluidized and introduced into the inspiratory airflow of the patient. Powder is subjected to numerous cohesive and adhesive forces that must be overcome if it is to be dispersed. Fluidization and insufflation require energy input to the static powder bed. The particle size, shape, surface morphology, and chemical composition of the carrier particles can influence the dispersion of the aerosol. Increased dispersion and deposition of the drug is<sup>3</sup> IMPI ^
INSTITUTO MEXICANO ^^ 1 · -OE LA PKOPI1DAD <* - **
INDUSTRIAL generally observe with a smaller carrier size and an increased proportion of fine particles. Enlarged carriers generally increased the dispersibility of the aerosol and the fine particle fraction of the drug (FPF), possibly due to the increased duration of friction forces from the air stream. Carriers with smooth surfaces produced higher respirable fractions. Low respirable fractions were obtained from carriers with macroscopic surface roughness or smooth surfaces, whereas high respirable fractions were obtained from carriers with microscopic surface roughness, where the smallest contact area and reduced drug adherence occurred in the tiny protrusions on the surface. Thus, for dry powder inhaler formulations, the size of the carrier particles must be selected based on a balance between these interrelated performance characteristics. Specifically, the interparticle forces must be such that the drug particles adhere to the carrier (to aid in blending, uniformity, and to allow insufflation of the drug into the inspiratory air stream), to still allow separation of the particles as well. drug fines from the surface of the coarser carrier particles so that delivery to the lungs can be facilitated.
In view of the above, different physical forms of the known solid carrier lactose may or may not be suitable for inhalation of dry powder.
The same general impact of physical form on excipient behavior applies to other pharmaceutical processes used to make dosage forms such as a tablet, liquid, suspension, emulsion, film, laminate, pellet, powder, bead, granule, suppository. , ointment, cream, etc. In other words, an individual excipient will need to be made in different physical forms in order to be more suitable for particular uses. For improved tabletting through compression, for example, an excipient will preferably have improved flow. Good flow characteristics are desirable in order to facilitate handling and processing in a tablet press or capsule filling machine. It will also have a compressibility within a particular range depending on the role of the excipient in the tablet. If an excipient is to be used in a constituent, liquid formulation, the excipient will preferably not agglomerate when placed in the liquid and will completely and rapidly dissolve. Although many of these characteristics are highly desirable in an excipient
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MEXICAN INSTITUTE
FROM THE ΜβΜΛΑΠ C ^ M
INDUSTRIAL solid, it is very difficult to obtain any single excipient that has all these characteristics. For this reason, among others, many different grades of excipients are developed in the pharmaceutical industry.
Drying methods such as pan drying, freeze drying, spray drying, fluidized bed spray granulation, and fluidized bed spray agglomeration, among others, are used in the pharmaceutical industry to prepare solids from solutions. feed, emulsions, suspensions or slurries. The physical properties of the isolated solid will depend on the properties of the feedstock and the parameters used in and the equipment used for the drying method used.
Spray drying involves atomizing a solids-containing feed solution or suspension to form atomized droplets directed into a stream of hot gas in a drying chamber evaporating whereupon the liquid carrier of the droplets resulting in the formation of spherical particles. . Fluidized bed spray drying is a modified form of spray drying where a spray drying process is performed in the presence of a fluidized bed (fluidized by the gas stream
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MEXICAN INSTITUTE
H LA PÜOMIDAU 'C'Mta hot) of fine particles in such a way that the etheatomized layers collide with and adhere to the fluidized and fluidized surfaces. By modifying the solids content of the feed solution and in the drying chamber, it can be done in a spray drying apparatus to agglomerate or granulate the solids in a process called fluidized bed spray agglomeration or bed spray granulation. fluidized, respectively. Furthermore, the use of a rectangular versus cylindrical spray drying apparatus will have an impact on the physical properties of the resulting product.
In an exemplary fluidized bed spray agglomeration / granulation with a cylindrical apparatus, the powder feed enters the solid feed inlet at a controllable rate and the liquid spray system sprays the liquid feed from the top or bottom of the fluidized bed within the material. The heated fluidizing gas flows upward from the inlet through a bottom screen, fluidizing the feed of powder or seed particles in the fluidized bed chamber. Simultaneously, the sorting gas flows upward through the discharge conduit at a rate that is controlled to blow the fine particles back into the bed.
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INSTTTUT · MUUCAN *
M LA M MEASURE · C ^ ·. . . . _. JNWWniIAt fluidized, allowing only larger particles with a rate of fall higher than the rate of the discharge duct classifying air to be discharged through the duct. This allows control of the particle size of the product while keeping the product dust-free. The dust removed from the exhaust air by the external circular unit dust extraction equipment can be recycled to the recycle inlet for further processing. During this process, smaller particles fuse with each other or with larger particles to form agglomerates. As a result, the particle size distribution of the particles in the fluidized bed increases such that the percentage of fine particles present in the product is reduced compared to the fluidized feed material.
Solubilization of poorly water soluble compounds in aqueous media is often very difficult. Therefore, the artisans have employed solubilization enhancers, such as cyclodextrins, in the aqueous medium. The precursor (non-derivatized) cyclodextrins and their derivatives are well known excipients containing 6, 7 or 8 glucopyranose units and are referred to as α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, respectively. Each subunit of cyclodextrin has
IMPIAS
IΝ5ΤΓΠ ITO M U1CA NO 'Λ <· DE LA RROHEDAD secondary hydroxyl groups at the 2 positions <sup>m</sup>§‘<sup>, ST</sup>5<sup>IAl</sup>and a primary hydroxyl group in the positron 6v ----- has · cyclodextrines can be represented as hollow truncated cones with hydrophilic outer surfaces and hydrophobic inner cavities.
Supposedly, β-CD has been prepared in a variety of different ways using different finishing processes. American Maize Products (French Patent No. 2,597,485) recommends freeze and spray drying as suitable methods for recovering cyclodextrin ethers from aqueous solutions. However, the powders obtained according to these various techniques have poor dissolution. Also, these powders do not flow easily and have poor compression properties.
US Patent No. 6,555,139 to Sharma discloses a method for microfluidizing β-CD in combination with a hydrophobic drug to produce a uniform latex-like microsuspension.
US Patent No. 5,674,854 to Bodley et al. Discloses a composition containing an inclusion complex of β-CD and diclofenac. The composition can be prepared by means of spray agglomeration.
Publication of Patent Application
IMPI® Mexican institute
Of LA FROPHDAD Cw INRUSTH1AI
Schleifenbaum North America No. 20040234479 discloses a flavor or fragrance containing a cyclodextrin particle containing the cyclodextrin particle and a flavor or fragrance, wherein the cyclodextrin particle has a particle size in a range of 50 to 1000 μ . The cyclodextrin particle comprises a cellulose ether and cyclodextrin, wherein the cyclodextrin particle is obtained by means of a single-stage fluidized bed process from a spray mixture and wherein a gas introduction temperature is 80 ° to 180 ° C and a gas outlet temperature is 40 ° to 95 ° C.
European Patent Application No. EP 3 92 608 describes a method for producing powdered cyclodextrin complexes wherein the particle size is less than 12 µ, preferably less than 5 µ. Suitable processes to do this include spray drying and freeze drying. The '608 application states that small particle sizes of CD frequently exhibit reduced flowability or flowability and can be easily dusted. For this reason, the technique suggests the use of cyclodextrin complex particles having particle sizes of at least 50 µ.
Publication of Patent Application
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North American No.
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20030065167 de Lis et al. discloses a process to prepare a directly compressible β-CD. The process includes a step that consists of dehydrating the hydrated beta-cyclodextrin to a water content of less than 6%, preferably less than 4% and more preferably still less than or equal to 2% by weight, followed by forced rehydration to a water content greater than 10%, preferably greater than 12% and more preferably still greater than or equal to 13% by weight.
The impact of the drying step or drying step or finishing step on the preparation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (ΗΡ-β-CD) obtained from a syrup containing the same has been explored. US Patent Application Publication No. 20030028014 by Sikorski et al. Discloses an agglomerated β-β-CD and a process for making the same. The agglomerated product is made in a double drum dryer. It is said to have low dusting and good dissolution in water. The particle size of the product is approximately 30 to 200 µ.
US Patent No. 5,756,484 to Fuertes et al. Discloses a pulverulent ΗΡβ-CD composition and a method for its preparation. ΗΡ-βCD has a centered particle size free of fine particles and a significantly improved ability to dissolve in an aqueous medium. ΗΡ-β-CD is made by
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DE LA MÍOHEDAD I spray a solution of ΗΡ-β-CD on a mobile powdery particle of ΗΡ-β-CD. - "
The physical and chemical properties of the parent cyclodextrins can be modified by derivatizing the hydroxyl groups with other functional groups. One such derivative is a sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin.
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R = (- H)<sub>21</sub>-n O (- (CH<sub>2</sub>) <sub>4</sub>-SW<sub>3</sub>Na) <sub>n </sub>where n = 6.0-7.1
Sulfobutyl Ether-β-Cyclodextrin (Captisol<sup>MR</sup>)
Sulfoalkyl ether cyclodextrin derivatives (SAE-CD) are well known as are their uses in a wide range of applications. Derivatives of SAE-CD are particularly useful in the solubilization and / or stabilization of drugs. The sulfobutyl ether derivative of beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), in
IMPI
MUICANO INSTITUTE
OF CURRENCY 1 'particular the derivative with an average of approximately
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substituents per molecule of cyclodextrin (SBE7-p-eD), —irasido sold by CyDex, Inc. as CAPTISOL<sup>MR</sup>. The anionic sulfobutyl ether substituent dramatically improves the aqueous solubility of the parent cyclodextrin. Furthermore, the presence of the charges decreases the ability of the molecule to form complexes with cholesterol compared to the hydroxypropyl derivative. Non-covalent, reversible complex formation of drugs with CAPTISOL cyclodextrin<sup>MR</sup> generally allows increased solubility and stability of drugs in aqueous solutions.
The CAPTISOL<sup>mr</sup>, prepared by spray drying, is used in commercial VFEND formulations<sup>MR</sup> and GEODON<sup>mr</sup>. It has become a major derivative of cyclodextrin for use in pharmaceutical formulations and is thus important to industry.
The methods for preparing derivatives of SAE-CD are varied but generally include general steps consisting of sulfoalkylation followed by isolation. The chemical property profile of SAE-CD is established during the sulfoalkylation step. For example, the alteration of reaction conditions during sulfoalkylation can vary the average degree
<img file="MX348982B_D0006.tif" />
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO IX LA EROWEDAD INDUSTRIA!
of substitution and the average regiochemical distribution of sulfoalkyl groups in the SAE-CD. The alkyl chain length of the sulfoalkyl functional group is determined according to the sulfoalkylating agent used. And the use of a particular alkylating agent during alkylation would result in the formation of a particular SAE-CD salt, unless an ion exchange step is performed subsequent to the sulfoalkylation.
In general, known processes for the sulfoalkylation step include, for example: 1) exposing the non-derivatized parent cyclodextrin under alkaline conditions to an alkylating agent, for example alkyl sultone or a haloalkylsulfonate; 2) the optional addition of an additional alkylating agent to the reaction environment to consume the excessive alkylating agent; and 3) neutralizing the reaction medium with an acidifying agent. The vast majority of processes in the literature lead to the sulfoalkylation step in an aqueous medium; however, some references disclose the use of pyridine, dioxane, or DMSO as the reaction solvent for sulfoalkylation. The literature discloses the use of an alkylating agent in order to accelerate the sulfoalkylation reaction. With the completion of the sulfoalkylation step, the isolation and purification of SAE-CD is conducted.
Various processes of
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA FtOHF.DAD isolatmfto
<img file="MX348982B_D0007.tif" />
different for SAE-CD after sulfoaiqillld.Ui'en and neutralization. In general, an aqueous liquid containing SAE-CD is dried to remove water to form a solid. The literature suggests various methods for removing water from an aqueous solution containing SAE-CD. These methods include freeze drying, spray drying, oven drying, vacuum oven drying, rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, vacuum drying or conventional vacuum drum drying. See, for example, Ma (STP Pharma. Sciences (1999), 9 (3), 261-266),
CAPTISOL<sup>MR</sup> (sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sodium; Pharmaceutical Excipients 2004; Eds. RC Rowe, PJ Sheskey, SC Owen; Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmaceutical Association, 2004) and other references regarding the preparation of derivatives of SAE-CD.
Therefore, the art lacks a teaching on methods for preparing and using derivatives of SAE-CD that have particular profiles of physical properties that are not chemical. Given the importance of SAECD to the pharmaceutical industry, it would be a significant improvement in the field to provide derivatives of SAE-CD that have particular profiles of non-chemical physical properties such that forms can be adapted for particular purposes.
IMPI iNrrrnTOMWiCAwc • E LA FWOF1IOA »
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
<img file="MX348982B_D0008.tif" />
The present invention seeks to overcome the disadvantages present in known SAE-CD dry powder compositions. As such, a derivatized cyclodextrin-based composition is provided, for example based on sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin (SAECD). The present composition of SAE-CD excludes one main active agent. However, the composition possesses unexpectedly advantageous physical properties that exist as a result of the method used to remove water from an aqueous medium containing SAE-CD. The composition prepared by the process of the invention provides a solid SAE-CD in particulate form.
The physical properties of SAE-CD are modulated through a variety of techniques to produce different grades of SAE-CD (a grade of SAE-CD or composition of SAE-CD) where each is adapted for use in different ways. specific dosage forms, such as a tablet, capsule, constituent powder, dry powder inhaler, sachet, troche, and lozenge. Properties can also be modified for improved handling, packaging, storage and other processes related to activities. Also, chemical properties can be adapted for particular uses by changing the identity of the counterion, changing
<img file="MX348982B_D0009.tif" />
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
ΟΪ LA alkyl, average ring grade of 13 cyclodextrin which is made by SAE-CD. The substitution chain length or precursor size from the properties can also be tailored for particular uses by changing the non-chemical physical properties of SAE-CD such as by changing the average particle diameter, the extent of the particle size distribution, the water content of SAE-CD, the surface characteristics of the SAE-CD particles, the dissolution rate of the particles, the apparent density, bulk density after compaction, Carr's index, compressibility, flowability and more.
The SAE-CD compositions of the invention possess numerous advantages over known SAE-CD compositions, that is, those prepared according to known methods that differ in the steps following sulfoalkylation. The SAE-CD compositions herein provide unexpectedly improved aqueous dissolution rate, compression crush strength, ease of tableting, and / or improved solids handling.
A form of a SAE-CD composition is provided that contains no more than about 20% moisture by weight. The SAE-CD composition can be included in a dry formulation mixed with an active agent of such<sup>17</sup> IMPI®?
INSTITUTO MEXICANO M LA nOHEOAD INtNISTRIAL so that all or substantially all of the active agent does not form complexes with SAE-CD. The SAE-CD composition can be included in a dry formulation mixed with one or more excipients. The SAE-CD composition can also be included in a constituent formulation.
The particulate SAE-CD compositions of the invention possess morphological and physicochemical properties that predispose them to dissolve more rapidly than previously known SAE-CD compositions such as those prepared by spray drying. SAE-CD compositions, prepared by the processes described herein, possess particular combinations of morphological and physicochemical properties. In some embodiments, the process is fluidized bed spray agglomeration. In some embodiments, the particulate SAE-CD composition is prepared by fluidized bed spray granulation and the resulting SAE-CD composition possesses a different combination of physical properties than a SAE-CD composition prepared by the fluidized bed spray agglomeration.
When the SAE-CD particles are prepared by known methods, they do not possess the advantageous combination of physical properties as found in the SAE-CD composition of the invention. A composition
ΙΜΡΙ £ ινττγππιο Mexican de la moheda »O» of SAE-CD disclosed in this document is pre ^ 'í / S ^ through a process that includes: ......... ..... .
providing an aqueous liquid feed comprising water and SAE-CD; and subjecting the liquid feed to a combination fluidized bed spray drying process whereby the SAE-CD is agglomerated (and / or granulated) and dried below the deliquescence point to form a particulate SAE-CD composition comprising agglomerated (and / or granulated) particles wherein at least 90% of the particle volume of the SAE-CD composition is made up of particles having calculated diameters greater than or equal to about 25 microns. (The particle diameter cutoff for the 10% cumulative volume fraction is 25 microns or larger.) The SAE-CD composition can possess a bulk density after being compacted in the range of approximately 0.66 to 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or about 0.49 to 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup> when determined according to USP Method 1 <616> and / or a bulk density in the range of approximately 0.55 to 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or about 0.38 to about 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup> when determined in accordance with USP <616> Method 1. For a specific composition of SAE-CD, the bulk density after being compacted is higher than the bulk density.
IMPIAS mjTmrroMixjcAJMo
DEL Anomiur
The moisture content of the composition<sup>x</sup>n ^<sup>l</sup>SA5SCD is below its point of deliquescence ', bilí embaí yu ·; particular embodiments include those having a moisture content of <18% by weight, <16% by weight, <15% by weight, <10% by weight or <5% by weight.
The SAE-CD composition is particulate and has an average particle diameter of from about 92 to about 200 microns, or less than or equal to about 110 microns, or less than or equal to about 200 microns. The average particle diameter has been determined according to Example 3 with a Malvern instrument.<sup>MR</sup>. This instrument measures the particle diameter via small angle laser light scattering and calculates the particle diameter based on the volume of the assumed spherical shape. The term average particle diameter is defined as the volume moment average diameter, otherwise known as the De Brouckere average diameter, D [4,3]. The SAE-CD composition can be prepared by fluidized bed spray agglomeration or fluidized bed spray granulation.
The SAE-CD composition has a combination of physical properties that make it more suitable than previously known SAE-CD compositions for use in compressed tablet formulations. For example,
<img file="MX348982B_D0010.tif" />
composition of
SAE-CD has a
IMPI institute mUicanC '«LA V
INDUSTRIAL compressive crush strength in the range of about 1.0 to about 20 kP when 200 mg of an SAE-CD composition is compressed into a tablet having a diameter of 0.876 cm (0.345 inches) using a Pmax (maximum compression pressure ) in the range of about 30 to about 275 MPa and the SAE-CD composition has a moisture content in the range of about 2 to about 3% by weight determined by means of LOD. Alternatively, the SAE-CD composition has a compressive crush strength in the range of about 0.5 to 11 KP when 200 mg of an SAE-CD composition is compressed into a tablet having a diameter of 0.876 cm (0.345 inches). using MPa Pmax in the range of about 15-70 MPa and SAECD has a moisture content in the range of about 5-6% by weight.
The SAE-CD composition possesses a faster dissolution rate in water than SAE-CD prepared by conventional spray drying. When 2.5 g of a SAE-CD composition is tested according to Example 6, it has an average dissolution time of 2.5 minutes or less or 4.5 minutes or less or 3.5 minutes or less when placed in water.
IMPI iMSTrnrm méxican m la nnnEDA ·
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0011.tif" />
A SAE-CD composition having an advantageous flow property is provided by the invention. For example, the SAE-CD composition has a minimum gravitational flow hole diameter of about 7mm or 4-6mm or less than about 10mm or less than about 20mm. The method of Example 5 can be followed to determine the minimum gravity flow hole diameter.
The density of the SAE-CD composition can be controlled. The composition of SAE-CD has a true density of 1.25 to 1.35 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or 1.1 to 1.5 g / cm<sup>3</sup>. The SAE-CD composition modalities include those having a bulk density of from about 0.55 to about 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, from about 0.38 to minus 15 from about 0.55 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or about 0.38 to about 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup> when performed in accordance with USP <616> Method 1. Other modalities have a bulk density after compaction (bulk density after compaction) of about 0.66 to about 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or about 0.49 to about 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or from about 0.49 to about 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup> when performed in accordance with USP <616> Method 1. Additionally or alternatively, the SAE-CD composition has a CARR rating of less than or 25 of about 24% or less than or of about 18%.
<img file="MX348982B_D0012.tif" />
or less than or about 16%.
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO MUnOHUMD INDUSTRIA!
Another aspect of the invention provides an SAE-CD composition that has a moisture content below its deliquescence point, a bulk density in the range of about 0.55 to 0.66 g / cm.<sup>3</sup> and an apparent density after being compacted in the range of approximately 0.66 to 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, a CARR ratio less than or about 24%; and optionally, a moisture content of less than about 18% by weight, optionally an actual density in the range of about 1.1 to 1.5 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, optionally a minimum gravitational flow orifice diameter less than about 20mm, optionally, wherein the SAE-CD composition is prepared by means of fluidized bed spray agglomeration or fluidized bed spray granulation.
Another aspect provides the use of SAE-CD compositions as excipients for the manufacture of tablets, excipients for capsules, excipients for DPI (dry powder inhaler), extrusion excipients, excipients for PMDI (pressurized metered dose inhaler), carriers for the delivery of a drug via a DPI or PMDI, excipients for orodispersible tablets, ingestible powders, dry granulation excipients, agglomeration excipients, seeds
IMPIS
ΙΝΓΓΓΠΓΓΟ MEXICANO fp without equal, aerosolizable powders and / or excipients * áe »<T ^ 8SS.veÍ¡ constituents. —----- The SAE-CD composition can be included in a formulation (eg solid, liquid, gel, suspension, emulsion, or other known formulation) comprising one or more active agents and optionally one or more excipients. Therefore, the invention also provides a method of treating diseases or disorders by administering to a subject the SAE-CD composition in a formulation that further comprises an active agent.
In one embodiment, the properties of the SAE-CD composition can be modulated in such a way that the different physicochemical properties match the properties of drug particles to optimize the dispersion of dry powder inhalers.
Additional embodiments of the invention include those wherein: 1) the SAE-CD composition is a compound of formula 1 or a mixture thereof; 2) a formulation containing the composition of'SAE-CD further comprises an antioxidant, acidifying agent, alkalizing agent, buffering agent, solubility enhancing agent, penetration enhancer, electrolyte, fragrance, glucose, slip agent, stabilizer, materials organic indigestible, cryoprotective,
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO CM LA Μ · Πί »Α ·,,, INDUSTRY!
plasticizer, flavors, sweeteners, surface tension modifier, density modifier, volatility modifier, or a combination thereof; and / or 3) SAE-CD is a compound of formula 2 or a mixture thereof.
Another aspect of the invention provides an improved solid formulation, the improvement comprises the inclusion in the formulation of an SAE-CD composition of the invention, wherein the SAE-CD has been prepared by means of a bed spray drying process fluidized (agglomeration or granulation) or a SAE-CD composition possessing a physical property profile as defined herein. These and other aspects of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following detailed description, examples, claims, and accompanying figures.
<img file="MX348982B_D0013.tif" />
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The following drawings are provided by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Figure 1 depicts a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of an exemplary batch of a SAE-CD composition made in accordance with the invention. SAE-CD particles
<img file="MX348982B_D0014.tif" />
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO BE LA FRONEBAD. ,. INDUSTRI ^ l.
they were made according to different post-sulfoalkylation processes.
Figure 2 depicts the general schematic of an exemplary fluidized bed spray dryer.
Figure 3 depicts the general schematic of another exemplary fluidized bed spray dryer.
Figure 4 is a graph depicting the relationship between crush strength and compression pressure for SAE-CD compositions of the invention containing different amounts of moisture.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
SAE-CD compositions are adapted for use in particular applications. When used in those applications, the present SAE-CD compositions are advantageous over and provide improved performance over previously known SAE-CD compositions for those applications. By varying the finishing conditions (steps after the sulfoalkylation; steps that occur subsequent to the sulfoalkylation step), one is able to modify the physicochemical and merphological properties of SAE-CD. For example, different compositions of SAE-CD can be obtained by varying the drying and isolation conditions.
Although the SAE-CD composition of the invention
IMPI INSTITUTO MEXICANO Of LA MONEDAD INDUSTRIAL does not require wear, it can be worn down to provide even further modified SAE-CD compositions. For example, attrition of an SAE-CD composition prepared by fluidized bed spray drying can result in an SAE-CD composition having a bulk density, bulk density after compaction, and / or particle diameter. different As used herein, the term "wear" means physically eroding a solid to reduce its particle size. Any such process used in the pharmaceutical industry is suitable for use in the process of the invention. The attrition process includes, by way of example and without limitation, micronization, ball milling, jet milling, hammer milling, bolt milling, rotary motion, sifting, and mortar and pestle thereof. Both low and high energy methods can be used.
The present invention provides an SAE-CD composition, which means a sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin composition that has a combination of different physical properties and that excludes an active agent or pharmaceutical excipient. Regarding the composition of SAE-CD, the term excluding means that it is not added intentionally. Therefore, it is possible that the composition of SAE-CD contains endogenous excipients.
<img file="MX348982B_D0015.tif" />
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO MunomoAX) INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0016.tif" />
to its manufacturing method.
For example, a first SAE-CD composition will have a first combination of physical properties, ie a first physical property profile, and the second SAE-CD composition will have a second combination of physical properties. By virtue of the different combinations of physical properties, the first SAE-CD composition will be more advantageous for a particular use and the second SAE-CD composition will be more advantageous for another particular use.
The present intent provides SAE-CD compositions, wherein SAE-CD is a compound of Formula 1, or a combination thereof:
<img file="MX348982B_D0017.tif" />
Formula 1 where:
n is 4, 5 or 6;
Ri, R<sub>2</sub>, R3, R4, Rs, Re, R7, Re and R9 are each, independently, -O- or an -O- (alkylene C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>) SO<sub>3</sub>, where at least one of Ri to Rg is independently a -0- (alkylene C<sub>2</sub>-C6) -SO<sub>3</sub>\ preferably a group -O- (CH<sub>2</sub>) <sub>m</sub>S0<sub>3</sub>, where m is
MUUCAN ινππμτγϊ IMPI from 2 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4, (by ^ '^ Mp: -OCH2CH2CH2SO3 · or -OCH2CH2CH2CH2SO3); y - Yes, S<sub>2</sub>, S<sub>3</sub>, S<sub>4</sub>, S<sub>5</sub>, S<sub>6</sub>, S<sub>7</sub>, S<sub>8</sub> and S<sub>9</sub> are each, independently, a pharmaceutically acceptable cation which includes, for example, H<sup>+</sup>, alkali metals (for example Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>), alkaline earth metals (e.g. Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>), ammonium ions and amine cations such as the cations of C 1 to 6 alkylamines, piperidine, pyrazine, C 1 to 6 alkanolamine and C 4 to 8 cycloalkanolamine.
Suitable methods for preparing an SAE-CD raw material for use in preparing the SAE-CD composition of the invention are disclosed in US Patents No. 5,376,645, No. 5,874,418 and No. 5,134,127 to Stella et al. collaborators; US Patent No. 3,426,011 to Parmerter et al .; Lammers et al. (Red. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas (1972), 91 (6), 733-742); Staerke (1971), 23 (5), 167-171); Qu et al. (J. Inclusión Phenom. Macro. Chem., (2002), 43, 213-221); US Patent No. 5,241,059 of
Yoshinaga, · Shah US Patent No. 6,153,746; PCT International Publication No. WO 2005/042584 to Stella et al; Adam et al. (J. Med. Chem.
<img file="MX348982B_D0018.tif" />
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO I * LA MMWEDaD INDUSTRIAL (2002), 45, 1806-1816); International Publication P No. WO 01/40316 by Zhang et al; Tarver et al. (Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry (2002), 10, 1819-1827); Ma (STP Pharma. Sciences (1999), 9 (3), 261266); Jung et al. (J. Chromat. 1996, 755, 81-88); and Luna et al. (Carbohydr. Res. 1997, 299, 103110), the full descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The SAE-CD feedstock is included in the liquid feed used in the fluidized bed spray drying process used to prepare an SAE-CD composition of the invention.
The SAE-CD composition of the invention may also include a combination of derivatized cyclodextrin (SAE-CD) and non-derivatized cyclodextrin. For example, an SAE-CD composition can be made to include an underivatized cyclodextrin in an amount of from 0 to less than about 50% by weight of the total cyclodextrin present. Exemplary embodiments of the SAE-CD composition include those comprising 0-5% by weight, 5-50% by weight, less than 5%, less than 10%, less than 20%, less than 30%, less than 40% or less than 50% underivatized cyclodextrin.
The terms alkylene and alkyl, as used herein, (for example in the group -O-
<img file="MX348982B_D0019.tif" />
IMPI ^ ΐΝίτττυτο Mexican οε la nontDAD Ο **,,,, „„ ____,. . ,. > INQGSTRIAl (alkylene C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>)-SW<sub>3</sub> or in the alkylamines), include linear, cyclic or branched and saturated or unsaturated divalent alkylene groups (ie, containing a double bond) or monovalent alkyl groups, respectively. The term alkanol in this text includes likewise linear, cyclic and branched saturated and unsaturated alkyl components of the alkanol groups) in which the hydroxyl groups can be located at any position in the alkyl portion. The term "cycloalkanol" includes substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alcohols (eg, by methyl or ethyl).
Some embodiments of the present invention provide compositions containing a single type of cyclodextrin derivative having the structure set forth in formula (I), where the composition generally contains on average at least 1 and up to 3n + 6 portions of acid alkylsulfonic acid per molecule of cyclodextrin. The invention also includes compositions containing cyclodextrin derivatives that have a narrow or wide range of degree of substitution and a high or low degree of substitution. These combinations can be optimized as necessary to provide cyclodextrins that have particular properties.
Exemplary derivatives of SAE-CD include SBE4
<img file="MX348982B_D0020.tif" />
β-CD, 5ΒΕ7-β-ΟΌ, δΒΕΙΙ-β-Οϋ, SBE7-y-CD
IMPI iwthvto mjucano t * la rrommAn industrial
SBE5-Y-CD which correspond to the SAE-CD derivatives of formula I where n = 5, 5, 5, 6 and 6, respectively; m is 4; and there are on average 4, 7, 11, 7 and 5 sulfoalkyl ether substituents present, respectively. Other exemplary derivatives of SAE-CD include those of the formula SAExR-CD (Formula 2), where SAE is sulfomethyl ether (SME), sulfoethyl ether (SEE), sulfopropyl ether (SPE), sulfobutyl ether (SBE), sulfopentyl ether (SPtE) or sulfohexyl ether (SHE); x (average or specific degree of substitution) is 1-18, 1-21, 1-24, when R (precursor cyclodextrin ring structure) is α, β, or y, respectively; and CD is cyclodextrin. The SAE functional group includes a cationic counterion as disclosed herein or generally as used in the pharmaceutical industry for the counterion of any acid group.
Since SAE-CD is a polyanionic cyclodextrin, it can be provided in different salt forms. Suitable counter ions for the SAE functional group (s) include cationic organic atoms or molecules and cationic inorganic atoms or molecules. SAE-CD can include an individual type of counterion or a mixture of different counterions. The properties of the SAE-CD can be modified by changing the identity of the
IMPI
INSTITUTE MSJUCANC DE LA MONEPAD INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0021.tif" />
counterion present. For example, a first salt form of SAE-CD may have a higher electrostatic charge than a second salt form other than SAE-CD. The calcium salt form has been found to be more electronegative than the sodium salt form. Similarly, an SAE-CD that has a first degree of substitution may have a higher electrostatic charge than a second SAE-CD that has a different degree of substitution.
When the SAE-CD composition is proposed for intrapulmonary administration, the average particle diameter may be in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 microns or about 0.5 to about 6.4 microns. If it is desired that the particles reach the lower regions of the respiratory tract, ie the terminal alveoli and bronchi, the average particle diameter size range can be in the range of about 0.5 to about 2.5 microns. If it is desired that the particles reach the upper respiratory tract, the particle diameter size range can be between 2.5 microns and 10 microns. An SAE-CD composition with this average particle diameter size can be prepared by abrading an SAE-CD composition having a larger average particle diameter size range.
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO M LA mOFIUMO INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0022.tif" />
The particle diameter extent (defined as the ratio = (90th percentile average particle diameter - 10th percentile average particle diameter) / 50th percentile average particle diameter) of the SAE-CD composition can also affect its performance. . SAE-CD having a broad, moderate and narrow particle size distribution can be used in the invention. A larger spread indicates a wider particle size distribution and a smaller spread indicates a narrower particle size distribution. Specific modalities include those where the spread is in the range of approximately 1.5 to 2.9, 1.1 to 1.9, or 1.4 to 1.7.
Since the particles are present as a size distribution, the distribution can be monomodal, bimodal, or polymodal, with the monomodal distribution being preferred.
The SAE-CD composition is a particulate composition containing agglomerated and non-agglomerated particles. The agglomerated particles can be prepared by means of fluidized bed spray drying, which may include agglomeration and / or granulation. The term agglomeration, which can be used interchangeably with granulation, is taken to refer to a process in which fine particles dispersed in a
<img file="MX348982B_D0023.tif" />
IMPI
IWTTTUTO MEXICANO Oí LA FROPIÍDAD INDUSTRIAL composition are fused with other particles in the composition to form a coarser particulate composition thereby reducing the amount of fine particles and increasing the total average particle diameter of the composition. The collection of particles that results can be termed an agglomerate or granulate. The SAE-CD composition of the invention is distinguishable by means of SEM from other SAE-CD compositions made according to other processes. FIGURE 1 depicts an SEM of an exemplary composition of SAE-CD made by fluidized bed spray drying. The particles have a rough surface texture and comprise a substantial amount of particulate agglomerates.
Exemplary processes for the preparation of the SAE-CD composition include fluidized bed spray agglomeration or fluidized bed spray granulation.
Figure 2 depicts an exemplary fluidized bed spray dryer system that can be used to prepare a SAE-CD composition of the invention. This system includes a liquid feed tank (1), cylindrical fluidized bed spray drying unit (2), cyclonic particle classifier (3), product collection container
IMPI • finished smsigg (4), gas filtration unit (5), product collection tank from detachable condensers (7) and fluidized bed chambers (8-10). The system can be operated as follows. To start the process, an aqueous liquid feed containing the SAE-CD raw material is transferred from the tank (1) to the dryer (2) via conduit (M). The liquid feed is atomized within the drying chamber in a countercurrent manner against the hot gas stream (A) to form an initial fluidized bed of particles. The fine particles formed leave the drying chamber and are led via conduit (B) to the cyclone (3), which classifies the particles and returns the fine particles of appropriate size via conduit (C) back inside. from the upper portion of the drying chamber at a location adjacent to and in a downstream fashion with the liquid feed. As the additional liquid feed is atomized into the drying chamber, larger particles and fine particles are formed and the larger particles (those that are not considered fine particles) form the fluidized bed in the chamber (8). When the particles reach the proposed average particle diameter size, they are led into chamber (9) and, subsequently, chamber (10). Each camera includes its
<img file="MX348982B_D0024.tif" />
a fluidized bed with its own gas inlet and contains
IMPI
INSTTTUTO MDUCANO Di LA RROMínAD INOUST1UAL particles. The gas inlet for chamber (8) is the main hot gas stream (A) that fluidizes the bed of particles in drying chamber (8). Gas stream (N) for chamber (9) has a lower temperature than stream (A) and stream (P) has an even lower temperature. As the particles move from chamber (8) to chamber (9) and then chamber (10), they are cooled. The finished composition of SAE-CD is collected from chamber (10) and led to container (4) via conduit (F). The fine particles present in chambers (9) and (10) are conducted via conduit (G) to cyclone (3). The gas exiting the cyclone is conducted via conduit (H) into the filter unit (5) to collect any particles that are not otherwise recycled by the cyclone to the drying chamber. The collected particles in the filter unit are loaded into a collection container (6) for possible reprocessing. The gas leaves the filter unit and is led through the condenser (s) (7), which (s) removes the moisture from the gas. Finally, the gas is either vented or returned back to the drying chamber via conduit (L) and / or gas streams (A, N or P).
Figure 3 depicts another exemplary system of
IMPIAS
INSTITUTO MEXICANO fk * ·
MLA ^ OMMD fluidized bed spray dryer that can be used to prepare a composition of the invention. This system is similar to that of FIGURE 2; however, it excludes the chambers (9-10), the particle recycling duct (G) and the condenser (s) (7). Furthermore, the cyclone returns the fine particles to the drying chamber via conduit (C) and subsequently conduit (Cl) and / or conduit (C2). When the fines are introduced into the drying chamber via conduit (Cl), they are introduced in a downstream manner with the liquid feed stream that is atomized into the drying chamber. When the fines are introduced into the drying chamber via conduit (C2), the fines are introduced in a direction that is tangential to or perpendicular to the flow of the gas stream (A) that is introduced into the drying chamber and / or the gas inlet (L). It should be noted that this exemplary system does not return the gas from the filtration unit back into the drying chamber; however, it can be modified to do so.
Most of the particles in these fluidized bed chambers will typically not reach the height of the atomized liquid feed cloud. However, the fine particles formed during the process that are recycled back into the drying chamber are
<img file="MX348982B_D0025.tif" />
IMPI ινγππιτο mwucamo r * iz rnoHHMn iNmjsniAi can introduce at a location adjacent to the liquid feed atomizer or at a location between the atomizer and the fluidized bed.
During the operation of any system, the flow of the gas stream can be adjusted at various locations within the system in order to modify the bed fluidization, drying rate, fines sorting, and / or feed rate of the fines within the drying chamber. The fluidized bed spray drying process includes:
providing a liquid feed (solution, suspension or slurry) comprising a liquid carrier and optionally SAE-CD;
providing in a drying chamber a fluidized bed of SAE-CD particles having a first average particle diameter size, wherein the bed is fluidized with a stream of hot gas flowing in a first direction;
atomizing the liquid feed over the fluidized bed in the drying chamber to form a particulate SAE-CD composition comprising agglomerated particles having a second largest average particle diameter size, wherein the atomization is conducted in a second direction and a majority of the liquid carrier has been removed from the particulate composition; Y
IMPI ^
INSTITUTO MEXICANO,,. . ,. ,, Of LA MtOWtDAO * collect the particulate composition ρβΚ? 3 * '* Ε the composition of SAE-CD. - —-------- Specific embodiments of the processes include those wherein: 1) the process further comprises recycling a portion of the smaller particles in the particulate composition back to the drying chamber;
2) the recycled portion of particles is introduced into the drying chamber at a location adjacent to the point of introduction of the liquid feed; 3) the recycled portion of particles is introduced into the drying chamber in a direction tangential or perpendicular to the direction of introduction of the liquid feed into the drying chamber; 4) the recycled portion of particles is introduced into the drying chamber at a location adjacent to the cone of the drying chamber; 5) the process is conducted in a downstream manner; 6) the process is conducted in a countercurrent manner; 7) the process is conducted in a mixed flow manner; 8) the particulate composition comprises less than 18% by weight of liquid carrier; 9) the liquid carrier is aqueous; 10) the liquid feed comprises SAE-CD; 11) the composition of SAE-CD possesses a combination of physical properties as described in this document; and 12) the fluidized bed spray dryer has a cylindrical and / or conical drying chamber.
IMPI® iNSTrrtffOMSJUCANO ^ * ·
Oí ΙΛ FWnHROAO kZw tWNWTItAL ^ In a downstream fluidized bed spray drying process, the flow direction of the atomized liquid feed into the drying chamber is the same as the flow direction of the hot air used to fluidize the bed of particles. The atomizer can be a spray nozzle or a rotating atomizer (eg a rotating disk). The air stream can be controlled in such a way that predominantly laminar or turbulent flow occurs.
In a countercurrent fluidized bed spray drying process, the hot air used to fluidize the bed moves through the drying chamber in a direction opposite to that of the atomized liquid feed.
In a mixed flow fluidized bed spray drying process, the particles move through the drying chamber in phases both upstream and downstream. This mode requires the use of a nozzle atomizer that sprays upward into an incoming airflow or an atomizer that sprays droplets downward into an integrated fluid bed, where the air inlet and outlet are located at the top of the drying chamber. Additional air inlets will direct the flow upward to fluidize the bed of particles.
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO Dt LA MONEDAD INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0026.tif" />
The fine or small particles used to form the fluidized bed in the drying chamber can be prepared separately such as by spray drying, grinding, grinding, otherwise attrition, sieving or other suitable means. Otherwise, fine particles can be prepared in-house by operating the equipment as a conventional spray dryer and subsequently operating the equipment as a fluidized bed spray dryer. In one embodiment, the fine or small particles are obtained by separating those particles from the material removed from the drying chamber and recycling the fine or small particles back into the drying chamber. The invention includes processes whereby fine particles are introduced into the drying chamber and / or generated in situ by virtue of drying the atomized liquid feed.
The process of the invention can be conducted in a continuous or semi-continuous manner whereby the liquid feed containing the SAECD raw material is introduced into the drying chamber continuously or semi-continuously and the SAE-CD composition is removed. fluidized bed continuously or semi-continuously.
The aqueous liquid carrier used in the liquid feed, which may be a thick solution or suspension, may or may not contain other material, such as
IMPI ^ iwrrrn'TOMWCAM)
Df LA ntOP! U> AD as by-product (s) of the sulfoalkylation reaction<sup>1</sup> and the subsequent basification of the reSCClóñ environment. As used herein, a liquid carrier is any aqueous medium used in pharmaceutical science to agglomerate or granulate solids.
The SAE-CD solids content of the liquid feed can range from 0.1 to 80% by weight, from 10 to 70% by weight, from 30 to 70% by weight, or from 40 to 60% by weight of solids. Some modalities of liquid feeding comprise: 1) only sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin and water; or 2) only sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin, water and by-products of the synthetic process used to prepare the sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin. The sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin used in the liquid feed is sometimes referred to herein as the sulfoalkyl ether-cyclodextrin feedstock.
The liquid feed can be cooled or heated before entering the drying chamber. Temperature can be used to control the viscosity of the liquid feed: the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity. The temperature of the liquid feed can be from 0 ° C to 100 ° C, or from room temperature to 70 ° C.
The gas used to drive particles throughout the system is generally a gas such as air, helium
IMPI
INSTITUTO MUUCANO nor la nomDAO INIXimUAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0027.tif" />
or nitrogen. The system can include a gas charging unit to supply gas for operation, purging and supplementation.
The inlet gas temperature can be used to control the particle drying rate, production rate, degree of agglomeration, water content of the SAE-CD composition, and / or type of agglomeration. The temperature can range from about 100 ° to about 300 ° C, from about 130 ° to about 180 ° C, from about 150 ° to about 170 ° C, or from about 210 ° to about 250 ° C.
The SAE-CD composition has a minimum gravitational flow hole diameter ranging from about 3-7mm to 4-6mm, or less than about mm or less than about 20mm. The term "gravity flow minimum hole diameter" means the minimum diameter of a hole through which the SAE-CD composition will provide an acceptable overall net flow. The example below further defines the term. This parameter is determined according to the method of Example 5 where a FLOWDEX apparatus can be used<sup>MR</sup> (Hanson Research Corp., Northridge, CA). The present inventors have been successful in preparing an SAE-CD composition having a
<img file="MX348982B_D0028.tif" />
IMPI iNSTm Mexican rro
Of LA MOMtBAD TNMWTRIAL substantially different minimum orifice diameter than has been prepared by means of conventional spray drying.
The SAE-CD composition has a CARR rating of less than or about 24% compressibility or less than or about 18% compressibility or less than or about 16% compressibility. As used in this regard, compressibility refers to the relative percent reduction that a particulate mass will undergo during bulk density determination after being compacted. The index of
CARR is a measure of the compressibility of a SAE-CD composition. It is based on the bulk density and bulk density after being compacted of the material. The CARR index has been determined according to Example 8 below. The present inventors have been successful in preparing a spray-bonded SAE-CD composition having a CARR index substantially different from other SAE-CD compositions prepared by spray drying, freeze drying, or spray agglomeration. .
SAE-CD has a true density in the range of approximately 1.25 to 1.35 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or 1.1 to 1.5 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or from 1.29 to 1.32 g / cm<sup>3</sup>. The actual density has been determined according to Example 8 below. The composition of
<img file="MX348982B_D0029.tif" />
IMPI ΐΝΠΤΤυτο muucami
Dt THE FHOHfAD
INDUmUAL
SAE-CD of the invention has a substantially different actual density than an SAE-CD composition prepared by means of spray drying.
The composition of SAE-CD has a bulk density of approximately 0.55 to 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup>, from about 0.38 to less than 0.55 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or about 0.38 to about 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup>. The SAE-CD composition made according to the spray agglomeration process of the invention has a higher bulk density than that of a SAE-CD composition made by means of another spray dried agglomeration process.
The SAE-CD composition has a bulk density after compaction (bulk density after compaction) of approximately 0.66 to 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or about 0.49 to 0.66 g / cm<sup>3</sup> or from about 0.49 to about 0.75 g / cm<sup>3</sup> when performed in accordance with USP <616> Method 1. The SAE-CD composition made according to the spray agglomeration process of the invention has a higher bulk density after compaction than that of a SAE-CD composition made by means of another spray dried agglomeration process.
Since a solid composition of SAE-CD can be made for the manufacture of tablets, especially
IMPI ^ INSTITUTO MEXICANO tí *, r> t LA 'AOMItAD compressed tablets, their resistance to crushing by compression at different maximum compression pressures was determined with SAE-CD compositions having different moisture contents. The method of Example 7 was used to determine this relationship. The composition performance of SAE-CD was compared (Figure 4) with that of Avicel PH-200<sup>MR</sup>, lactose and Dical<sup>MR</sup>, which are three commonly used excipients in the manufacture of tablet formulations. The SAE-CD composition of the invention is highly advantageous, since its compression behavior can be improved by changing its moisture content, particle size and / or particle shape.
Tablet Hardness or Tablet Crushing Strength in units of kiloponds (kP) versus Maximum Compressive Pressure (Pmax) in units of megapascals (MPa) is presented for the sample composition of SAE-CD (SBE7- p-CD) (B3, B4) of this invention used as is, ie as obtained from the balanced fluidized bed spray drying process (B3 Eq and B4 Eq) over saturated magnesium nitrate. The performance of these samples was compared to that of commercial direct compression bulk excipients, for example microcrystalline cellulose or MCC (Avicel PH 200, FMC), lactose monohydrate (SuperTab, The Lactose Co. of New Zealand), phosphate dihydrate from
IMPI
<img file="MX348982B_D0030.tif" />
INSTITUTO MUICAN · r * u frofihdap INDUSTRIAL calcium dibasic (Emcompress, Penwest Pharm Co.). For the machining used in this study, 100 MPa is equivalent to approximately 6 kN of force. The as-is water content of the SAE-CD composition of this invention was 2.77% and 2.36% for B3 and B4, respectively, determined by Loss on Drying (LOD) at 110 ° C. via Computrac<sup>MR</sup> Model 2000XL (Arizona Instruments, Tempe, AZ). The water content after equilibrium determined by the LOD was 5.46% and 5.50% for B3 Eq and B4 Eq, respectively.
At the lower levels of moisture content, for example in the range of about 2 to about 3% by weight (determined by the conducted LOD of 104 ° to 110 ° C), the SAE-CD composition had a crush strength by compression in the range of about 1 to about 20 kP (kiloponds) when compressed into a tablet using a Pmax (maximum compression pressure) in the range of about 30 to about 275 MPa (megapascals). At higher levels of moisture content for example in the range of about 5 to about 6% by weight (determined by LOD), the SAE-CD composition had a compressive crush strength in the range of about 0.5 to about 11 kP when compressed into a tablet
IMPI
INSTITUTO MUKAN · Dt la FROflíDAD, INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0031.tif" />
using a Pmax in the range of about 15 to about 70 MPa. The average particle diameter, particle diameter size distribution, and composition morphology of SAE-CD are easily modified to match the wide variety of micronized drug characteristics that are presented to a formulator in the art. An advantage of the present invention is the ability of an architect to modulate the physicochemical properties of the SAE-CD composition to match or complement the formulation or manufacturing processes, drug properties, or excipient properties resulting in a product optimum.
The dosage form of the invention can be used to administer a wide range of active agents. Active agents generally include physiologically or pharmacologically active substances that produce a systemic or localized effect or effects in animals and humans. Active agents also include pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, antioxidants, plant growth promoters, sterilizing agents, catalysts, chemical reagents, food products, nutrients, cosmetics, vitamins, minerals, dietary supplements, sterility inhibitors, fertility promoters, microorganisms,
<img file="MX348982B_D0032.tif" />
sweetening flavoring agents
IMPI
INSTTTUTO MEXICANO r * LA PROPERTY industrial ___ cleaning agents and other compounds of this type for pharmaceutical, veterinary, horticultural, domestic, food, culinary, agricultural, cosmetic, industrial, cleaning, baking and flavoring applications.
The active agent can be independently selected in each pharmaceutical active agent presentation such as an antibiotic agent, antihistamine agent, decongestant, anti-inflammatory agent, anti-parasitic agent, antiviral agent, local anesthetic, antifungal agent, antibacterial agent, amoebicidal agent, trichomonicidal agent. , analgesic agent, anti-arthritic agent, anti-asthmatic agent, anticoagulant agent, antispasmodic agent, antidepressant agent, antidiabetic agent, antineoplastic agent, antipsychotic agent, neuroleptic agent, antihypertensive agent, hypnotic agent, sedative agent, anxiolytic accelerating agent, anti-Parkinson's disease agent, anti-Alzheimer's disease agent, muscle relaxant agent, antimalarial agent, hormonal agent, agent contraceptive, sympathomimetic agent, hypoglycemic agent, anti-hyperglyceridemia agent, anti-dyslipidemia agent, cholesterol lowering agent, bile acid absorption inhibitor, antilipemic agent, ophthalmic agent, electrolytic agent, diagnostic agent, prokinetic agent,
IMPI ^
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA MOFIlDA · ...... ,,. . ,. . ,. , INDUSTRIAL gastric acid secretion inhibitor agent, anti-ulcerative agent, anti-flatulence agent, anti-incontinence agent, cardiovascular agent, corticosteroid, B adrenoreceptor agonist<sub>2</sub>, dopamine D receptor agonist<sub>2</sub>, anticholinergic agent, IL-5 inhibitor, IL-5 antisense modulators, milrinone lactate, tryptase inhibitor, tachykinin receptor antagonist, leukotriene receptor antagonist, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, anti-IgE antibody, inhibitor of protease or a combination thereof.
Other specific active agents that can be employed in accordance with the invention include pentamidine isetiouate, albuterol sulfate, metaproterenol sulfate, flunisolide, cromolyn sodium, cromolyn sodium, ergotamine tartrate, levalbuterol, terbutaline, reproterol, salbutamol, salmeterol, formoterol, fenoterol, clenbuterol, bambuterol, tulobuterol, broxaterol, epinephrine, isoprenaline, or hexoprenaline, an anticholinergic, such as tiotropium, ipratropium, oxitropium, or glycopyrronium; a leukotriene antagonist, such as andolast, iralukast, pranlukast, imitrodast, seratrodast, zileuton, zafirlukast, or montelukast; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, such as filaminast or piclamilast; a paf inhibitor, such as apafant, forapafant, or israpafant; a channel opener
IMPI ^
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
IM LA non IDAD potassium, such as amiloride or furosemide; an aiSlV ^ bicoT such as morphine, fentanyl, pentazocine, -buprenm f iH'a pethidine, tilidine, methadone or heroin; a potency agent, such as sildenafil, alprostad.il, or phentolamine; a peptide or protein, such as insulin, erythropoietin, gonadotropin, or vasopressin; calcitonin, factor ix, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony, growth hormone, heparin, heparin (low molecular weight), interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon gamma, interleukin-2, hormone releasing hormone luteinizing, somatostatin analog, amylin, ciliary neurotrophic factor, growth hormone releasing factor, insulin-like growth factor, insulinotropin, receptor antagonist interleukin-1, interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, macrophage colony stimulating factor (m-csf), nerve tissue growth factor, parathyroid hormone, thymosin alpha 1, inhibitor iib / iiia, alpha-1 antitrypsin, anti-rsv antibody, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory gene (cftr), deoxyribonuclease (dnase), bactericidal / permeability enhancing protein (ards), anti-cmv antibody, interleukin-1 receptor or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative or salt of these compounds.
The active agents (drugs) listed herein are not to be considered exhaustive and are only exemplary of the many embodiments considered within the scope of the invention. Many other active agents can be administered with the composition of the present invention. Suitable drugs are selected from the list of drugs included in this document as well as any other drug accepted by the USFDA. or other similarly recognized authority in Canada (Health Cañada), Mexico (Mexico Department of Health), Europe (European Medicines Agency (EMEA)), South America (in particular in Argentina (National Administration of Medicines, Food and Medical Technology (ANMAT ) and Brazil (Ministério da Saúde)), Australia (Department of Health and Aging), Africa (particularly South Africa (Department of Health) and Zimbabwe (Ministry of Health and Child Welfare),) or Asia (particularly Japan (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare), Taiwan (Executive Yuans Department of Health) and China (Ministry of Health People's Republic of China)) as they are suitable for administration to humans or animals. Some embodiments of the invention include those where the active substance is pharmacologically or biologically active or where the environment of use is the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal.
IMPI iwriruro Mexican
I HEARD THE FROHIDAT
The active agent may be present in StF ^ fer
<img file="MX348982B_D0033.tif" />
neutral, ionic, salt, basic, acidic, natural, aúiiLéteáca-, diastereomeric, hepimeric, isomeric, enantiomerically pure, racemic, solvate, hydrate, anhydrous, chelated, derived, analogous, esterified, non-esterified or another common way. Whenever an active agent is named in this document, all of these available forms are included.
An active agent contained within the present formulation may be present as its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or its free salt form. As used herein, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the active agent is modified by reacting with an acid or base as necessary to form an ionically linked pair. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic organic or inorganic acids. Suitable non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfonic, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field. Salts prepared from acids
<img file="MX348982B_D0034.tif" />
IMPI
ΙΜΪΤΓΠΛΟ MÜUCANO pt la fwohsdad
Organic INmWTMAL such as amino acids, acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenylacetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fossil , methanesulfonic, ethanedisulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, and others are known to those of ordinary skill in the field. The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the precursor active agent which contains a basic or acidic moiety by means of conventional chemical methods. Lists of other suitable salts are found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17<sup>to</sup> edition, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, 1985, the relevant description of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The phrase "pharmaceutically acceptable" is used herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and animals. without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response or other problem or complication, in proportion to a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
As used in this document, the term
<img file="MX348982B_D0035.tif" />
IMPI ίΝτππιτη Mexican Oí LA patient or subject is taken to refer to anffflflPéte warm blooded such as mammals, by eTjLHLiplu, guLuu<sub>r </sub>dogs, mice, guinea pigs, horses, cows, sheep, and humans.
A formulation of the invention may comprise an active agent present in an effective amount. By the term "effective amount" is meant the amount of active agent that is sufficient to produce the required or desired response or in other words, the amount that is sufficient to produce an appreciable biological response when administered to a subject.
The formulation of the invention can be used to deliver one or more other active agents. Particular combinations of active agents can be provided by the present formulation. Some active agent combinations include: 1) a first drug from a first therapeutic class and a different second drug from the same therapeutic class; 2) a first drug of a first therapeutic class and a different second drug of a different therapeutic class; 3) a first drug that has a first type of biological activity and a second, different drug that has approximately the same biological activity; 4) a first drug that has a first type of biological activity and a second different drug that has a
<img file="MX348982B_D0036.tif" />
second different type of activity
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL INDUSTRIAL MONEY. Exemplary combinations of active agents are described herein.
When combinations of active agents are used, one or both of the active agents may be present in a sub-therapeutic amount. As used herein, a sub-therapeutic amount is that amount of the first drug that provides less than a normal therapeutic response in a patient to whom the first drug is administered in the absence of the second drug in the combination. In other words, the first drug and the second drug may together provide an increased, improved, additive, or synergistic therapeutic benefit compared to the administration of each drug alone, ie in the absence of the other drug.
After its preparation, the SAECD composition can be included in any known pharmaceutical formulation or dosage form. The compositions and formulations of the invention are suitable for administration to a subject by any means employed in the pharmaceutical industry. Exemplary modes of administration include, without limitation, "endobronchial (intrapulmonary, intratracheal, intraalveolar), oral, peroral, ocular, ophthalmic, otic, sublingual, buccal, transdermal, transmucosal, rectal, vaginal, uterine, urethral, intrathecal" administration.
IMPI
INJTTTlrro MfJUCANO nasal,
<img file="MX348982B_D0037.tif" />
intraperitoneal, intramuscular and subdermal.
A dosage form is available in a single or multiple dosage form containing among other things an amount of active ingredient and the composition of SAE-CD, the amount is such that one or more predetermined units of the dosage form are normally required. for individual therapeutic administration. In the case of multiple dosage forms, such as a marked tablet, the predetermined unit will be a fraction such as one half or one quarter of the multiple dosage form. It will be understood that the specific dose level for any patient will depend on a variety of factors including the indication being treated, the active agent employed, the activity of the active agent, the severity of the indication, health, age, sex, weight. , diet and drug response of the patient, the specific dosage form employed, and other such factors.
After the preparation of the SAE-CD composition, it can be used to prepare a formulation wherein the SAE-CD composition complexes or does not complex with an active agent. By forming a complex it is proposed to be part of a clatrated or inclusion complex with, that is, an active agent formed in
IMPI ^ INSTITUTO MEXICANO τζβι complex is part of a clatrated complex od ^^ Sí ^ JIfisíSfiT with a cyclodextrin derivative.
By "active agent / CD complex" is generally meant a clarate or inclusion complex of a cyclodextrin derivative and an active agent. The ratio of active agent: CD present in the molecular complex can vary and can be in the range of about 10 to about 0.1, on a molar basis. In this way, the CD will generally be, but need not be, present in excess of the active agent. The amount of excess will be determined by the intrinsic solubility of the agent, the expected dose of the agent and the binding constant for the formation of inclusion complexes between the specific drug (agent) and the specific derivative of CD used. It should be noted that the cyclodextrin derivative may be present in a form that is not complex and therefore in amounts substantially in excess of the amount of active agent present. The weight ratio or molar ratio of the derivatized cyclodextrin to the active agent can exceed 100, 1000 or even more.
. Under some conditions, the SAECD composition can form one or more ionic bonds with a positively charged acid ionizable compound. Therefore, it is possible for a compound to become complex as a
IMPIS
MEXICAN INSTrtUTE
Df the inclusion complex motility with the cyclodextrin derived 'isizacfa and that it is not covalently bound but lüfllüálttérité' the derivatized cyclodextrin.
Although the SAE-CD composition may be the only carrier or excipient in a formulation, it is possible to add other carriers to the formulation to further improve its performance.
The SAE-CD composition can be included in any formulation that requires a derivatized cyclodextrin. An active agent included in the formulation can be delivered in a rapid, immediate, pulsatile, timed, targeted, delayed and / or extended release formulation.
By immediate release is intended a release of an active agent to an environment over a period of seconds to no more than about 30 minutes once release has begun and release begins within no more than about 2 minutes after administration. . An immediate release does not exhibit a significant delay in drug release.
By rapid release a release of an active agent to an environment is proposed for a period of 159 minutes or 0.1 minute to three hours once the release has started and the release can begin.
<img file="MX348982B_D0038.tif" />
IMPI iNSirn ιτομμι ^ αν * within a few minutes after admini'StK'aeTBeh after the expiration of a period of T-ptaT-rin (lag time) after administration.
An extended release formulation containing the SAE-CD composition will release the drug in a prolonged manner. Mechanisms employed for this delivery may include release of the active agent that is pH dependent or pH independent; controlled diffusion or dissolution; pseudo-order zero (approaches zero-order release), zero-order, pseudo-first-order (approaches first-order release), or first-order release; or fast, slow, delayed, scheduled or sustained release or otherwise controlled release. The release profile for the active agent can also be sigmoidal in shape, wherein the release profile comprises an initial slow release rate, followed by an intermediate faster release rate and a final slow release rate of the active agent. As used herein, the term "sustained release profile" assumes the definition as widely recognized in the field of pharmaceutical science. An extended release dosage form will release the drug at a substantially constant rate over a period of time.
IMPI *;
INSTITUTE MSXJCANC
M THE IBOHÍDAD Λ prolonged or a substantially consti ^ ffi ^<sup>1</sup> faith<sup>1 </sup>The drug will be released progressively over a long period of time. The term sustained release, with respect to drug release, includes the terms controlled release, prolonged release, sustained release or slow release, as these terms are used in pharmaceutical science. A controlled release can begin within a few minutes after administration or after the expiration of a delay period (lag time) after administration. An extended release may begin within a few minutes after administration or after the expiration of a delay period (lag time) after administration.
By controlled release is intended a release of an active agent to an environment over a period of about eight hours to about 12 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, a day, or more than a day. By sustained release is intended an extended release of an active agent to maintain a constant drug level in the blood or target tissue of a subject to whom the device is administered. A controlled release can begin within a few minutes after administration or after the expiration of a delay period (lag time) after administration.
Form
<img file="MX348982B_D0039.tif" />
A timed-release dosage is one that begins to release the drug after a predetermined period of time measured from the time of initial exposure to the environment of use.
A slow release dosage form is one that provides a slow release rate of the drug such that the drug is released slowly and in an approximately continuous manner over a period of 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, one day. , 2 or more days, a week or two or more weeks, for example.
A targeted release dosage form generally refers to an oral dosage form that is designed to deliver a drug to a particular portion of the gastrointestinal tract of a subject. An exemplary targeted dosage form is an enteric dosage form that delivers a drug into the mid to lower gastrointestinal tract but not into the stomach or mouth of the subject. Other targeted dosage forms can be delivered to other sections of the gastrointestinal tract such as the stomach, jejunum, ileus, duodenum, cecum, large intestine, small intestine, colon, or rectum.
A pulsatile release dosage form
IMPIS
INSTITUTO MEXICANO dí la rworiUíAD O¡
INDUSTRIAL is one that provides pulses of high concentration of active ingredient, interspersed with low-concentration broths. A pulsatile profile containing two peaks can be described as bimodal.
A pseudo-first order release profile is one that approximates a first order release profile. A first order release profile is a characteristic of the release profile of a dosage form that releases a constant percentage of an initial drug loading per unit time.
A pseudo-order zero release profile is one that approximates a zero-order release profile. A zero order release profile is a characteristic of the release profile of a dosage form that releases a constant amount of drug per unit of time.
Extended release formulations can be made according to the procedures described herein or in Biorelated Polymers and Gels: Controlled Release and Applications in Biomedical Engineering (ed. Teruo Okano; 1998); Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery (ed. Edith Mathiowitz; 1999); Future Strategies for Drug Delivery with Particulate Systems (ed. JE Diederichs; 1998); Controlled Release Series (ed. JM Anderson; 1987); Controlled Drug Delivery
IMPIAS instttvtv mu * cam ρζ ·,
OF THE PMW1KDAIJ
Series (Ed. SD Bruck; 1983); Controlled Release '<sup>N</sup>™ T<sup>,TO</sup>t) rugs Series (ed. M. Rosoff; 1989); Controlled Release
Technology: Pharmaceutical Applications (ACS Symposium Series No. 348) (eds. PI Lee and WR Good; 1987); Extended Release Dosage Forms (ed. L. Krowczynski; 1987); Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology (DL Wise ed.; 2000); Intelligent Materials for Controlled Release (ed. SM Dinh; 1999); Multicomponent Transport in Polymer Systems for Controlled Release (Polymer Science and Engineering Monograph Series) (ed. A. Polishchuk; 1997); Pharmaceutical Technology: Controlled Drug Release (ed. M. Rubenstein; 1987); Polymers for Controlled Drug Delivery (ed. PJ Tarcha; 1991); Tailored Polymeric Materials for Controlled Delivery Systems (ACS Symposium Series No. 709) (ed. I. McCulloch; 1998); Oral Colon-Specific Drug Delivery (ed. DR Friend, 1992); and other publications known to those of ordinary experience in the field, the full descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The sustained release layer may be a controlled diffusion, erosion, dissolution or disintegration matrix composition comprising a drug and one or more release rate modifying excipients and other optional excipients.
By delayed release it is proposed that the
IMPI ^
The initial release of drug from a layer containing respective drug occurs after expiration of the approximate delay (or delay) period. For example, if the release of the drug from the extended release layer is delayed by two hours, then the release of the drug from that layer begins approximately two hours after administration of the multilayer tablet to a subject. In general, a delayed release is the opposite of an immediate release, where the release of the drug begins no more than a few minutes after administration. Accordingly, the drug release profile of a particular layer can be a delayed-prolonged release or a delayed-rapid release. A prolonged delayed-release profile is one in which the prolonged release of the drug begins after the expiration of an initial delay period. A delayed-rapid release profile is one where rapid release of the drug begins after the expiration of an initial delay period.
Although not necessary, a formulation of the present invention may include antioxidants, acidifying agents, alkalizing agents, buffering agents, solubility enhancing agents, penetration enhancers, electrolytes, fragrances, glucose, glidants, stabilizers, agents.
<td></td><td>IMPI INSTITUTO MLJUCANO pot momidu _ _í> INDUSTRIAL</td>
<td>of volume,</td><td>cryoprotectants, plasticizers, flavors,</td>
<td>sweeteners,</td><td>surface tension modifiers,</td>
<td>modi fic adore s</td><td>density, volatility modifiers,</td>
<td>polymers</td><td>hydrophilic, preservatives, agents</td>
antibacterials, colorants, antifungal agents, complexing enhancers, solvents, salt, water, tonicity modifiers, antifoam agents, oils, penetration enhancers, other excipients known to those of ordinary skill in the field for use in pharmaceutical formulations or a combination thereof. With each occurrence, these materials can be independently included in the active agent-containing particles or the carrier particles. For example, the carrier could include one or more of these materials and the active agent-containing particles could also include one or more of these materials.
As used herein, the term slip substance is intended to refer to an agent used to promote the flowability of dry powder. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, magnesium stearate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, colloidal silica, cornstarch, talc, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, colloidal silicon, silicon hydrogel, and other materials known to a person. from
<img file="MX348982B_D0040.tif" />
IMPI ιντττπγτο Mexican
DE LA PROBIDAD industrial ordinary experience in the field.
As used herein, the term antioxidant is intended to refer to an agent that inhibits oxidation and is thus used to prevent the deterioration of preparations by the oxidative process. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, acetone, potassium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, citric acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, hypophosphoric acid, monothioglycerol, propyl gallate, ascorbate sodium, sodium citrate, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, thioglycolic acid, EDTA, Sodium pentetate and metabisulfite and others known to those 15 people of ordinary experience in the field.
As used herein, the term "alkalizing agent" is intended to refer to a compound used to provide an alkaline medium when the dry powder of the invention is exposed to water.
These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, ammonia solution, ammonium carbonate, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, potassium hydroxide, sodium borate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, sodium base. 25 organic amine, alkali amino acids and trolamine and others
<img file="MX348982B_D0041.tif" />
ordinary experience known to those of
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DELA MORIDAD industrial in the field.
As used herein, the term "acidifying agent" is intended to refer to a compound used to provide an acidic environment when the dry powder of the invention is exposed to water. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, acetic acid, acidic amino acids , citric acid, fumaric acid and other alpha-hydroxy acids, hydrochloric acid, ascorbic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, tartaric acid, and nitric acid and others. known to those of ordinary experience in the field.
As used herein, the term "buffering agent" is intended to refer to a compound used to resist change in pH upon exposure to a medium of a different pH. Buffers are used in the present compositions to adjust the pH to a range of about 2 to about 8, about 3 to about 7, or about 4 to about 5. By controlling the pH of the dry powder, irritation to the respiratory tract can be minimized. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, acetic acid, sodium acetate, adipic acid, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, boric acid, sodium borate, citric acid, glycine, acid
IMPIS ΙΝΓΓΠυΤΟ MEXICANO ot la nowimn maleic, monobasic sodium phosphate, SS ^ ébdi ^ dibasic phosphate, HEPES, lactic acid, üarrtáiluu acid, potassium metaphosphate, potassium phosphate, monobasic sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, tris, tris sodium and sodium citrate anhydrous and dihydrate and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field. Other buffers include a mixture of citric acid / phosphate, acetate, barbital, borate, BrittonRobinson, cacodylate, citrate, collidine, formate, maleate, Mcllvaine, phosphate, Prideaux-Ward, succinate, citratophosphate-borate (Teorell-Stanhagen), veronal acetate , MES (2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid), BIS-TRIS (bis (2-hydroxyethyl) imino-tris (hydroxymethyl) methane), ADA (N (2-acetamido) -2-iminodiacetic acid), ACES (N (carbamoylmethyl) -2-aminoethanesulfonic), PIPES (piperazine-N, N'-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid)), MOPSO (3- (Nmorpholino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic), BIS-TRIS PROFANE (1,3-bis (tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino) propane) , BES (Ν, Ν-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), MOPS (3 - (N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid), TES (Ntris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), HEPES (acid N- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N '- (2-ethanesulfonic), DIPSO (3- (Ν, Ν-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), MOBS (4- (N-morpholino) butanesulfonic acid), TAPSO (3- (N<sup>70</sup> IMPI ^
INSTITUTO MEXICANO «ζίώι M LA PROPERTY INDUSTRIAL tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic), TRIZMA<sup>mr</sup> (tris (hydroxymethylaminomethane), HEPPSO (N- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N '- (2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid), POPSO (piperazine-Ν, Ν'-bis (2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid)), TEA (triethanolamine), EPPS ( N- (2- hydroxyethyDpiperazinN '- (3-propanesulfonic) acid, TRIGINE (N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methylglycine), GLY-GLY (glycylglycine), BICINE (N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) glycine), HEPBS (acid N - (2hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N '- (4-butanesulfonic)), TAPS (N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid), AMPD (2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol) and / or any other buffer known to those of skill in the field.
A complexing enhancing agent is a compound or compounds that enhance the complexation of an active agent with the derivatized cyclodextrin. When the complexing enhancing agent is present, it may be necessary for the required ratio of derivatized cyclodextrin to active agent to be changed such that less derivatized cyclodextrin is required. Suitable complexing enhancers include one or more pharmacologically inert water soluble polymers, hydroxy acids, and other organic compounds that are typically used in liquid formulations to enhance
<img file="MX348982B_D0042.tif" />
IMPI nwnnrro Mexican r * LA nONEMD
INDUSTRIAL complexing of a particular agent with cyclodextrins. Suitable water-soluble polymers include water-soluble natural polymers, water-soluble semi-synthetic polymers (such as the water-soluble derivatives of cellulose), and water-soluble synthetic polymers. Natural polymers include polysaccharides such as inulin, pectins, derivatives of algin and agar, and polypeptides such as casein and gelatin. Semi-synthetic polymers include cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, their mixed ethers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and other mixed ethers such as hydroxyethylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylethylcellulose, especially hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and carboxycellulose salts, and sodium carboxypropyl carboxycellulose salts, and carboxymethylcellulose salts. Synthetic polymers include polyoxyethylene derivatives (polyethylene glycols) and polyvinyl derivatives (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polystyrene sulfonate) and various acrylic acid copolymers (eg carbomers). Suitable hydroxy acids include, by way of example and without limitation, citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field.
As used in this document, the term
IMPI ^
MÜUCANO INSTITUTE
M THE C · ^ INDUSTRIAL CURRENCY conservative is proposed to refer to a compound used to prevent the growth of microorganisms. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorobutanol, phenol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric acetate, trimerosal, metacresol, myristylgamma chloride. -picolinium, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, ascorbic acid, thymol and methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- or butyl-parabens and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field.
As used herein, the term "colorant" is intended to refer to a compound used to color pharmaceutical preparations. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 20, FD&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Blue No. 2, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Orange No. 5, D&C Red No. 8, Caramel and Iron Oxide (black, red, yellow), other FD&C dyes. and natural coloring agents such as grape peel extract, red beet powder, beta-carotene, bijol coloring, carmine, turmeric, paprika, combinations thereof, and other such materials known to those of ordinary experience.
<img file="MX348982B_D0043.tif" />
in the countryside.
How is it used
IMPI
IWrtTUTOMWUCANO
FROM THE FROHipAD INDUSTRIAL In this document, the term "tonicity modifier" is intended to refer to a compound or compounds that can be used to adjust the tonicity of the liquid formulation. Suitable tonicity modifiers include glycerin, lactose, mannitol, dextrose, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sorbitol, trehalose, and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field.
As used herein, the term antifoam agent is intended to refer to a compound or compounds that prevent or reduce the amount of foam that forms on the surface of the filler composition. Suitable antifoaming agents include, by way of example and without limitation, dimethicone, simethicone, octoxynol, and others known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Hydrophilic polymers can be used to improve the performance of formulations containing a cyclodextrin. Loftsson (US Patents No. 5,324,718 and No. 5,472,954) has disclosed a variety of polymers suitable for use in combination with a cyclodextrin (derivatized or non-derivatized) to improve the performance and / or properties of cyclodextrin. Suitable polymers are disclosed in Pharmazie (2001),
IMPI
INSTITUTO MUUCANO DE LA MOHEDA B INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0044.tif" />
56 (9), 746-747; International Journal of Pharmaceutics (2001), 212 (1), 29-40; Cyclodextrin: From Basic Research to
Market, International Cyclodextrin Symposium, 10th, Ann
Arbor, MI, USA May 21-24, 2000 (2000), 1015 (Wacker Biochem Corp .: Adrian, Mich.); Publication
PCT International No. WO 9942111; Pharmazie, 53 (11), 733-740 (1998); Pharm. Technol. Eur., 9 (5), 26-34 (1997); J. Pharm. Sci 85 (10), 1017-1025 (1996); European Patent Application No. EP0579435; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cyclodextrins, 9th, Santiago de Comostela, Spain, May 31-June 3, 1998 (1999), 261-264 (Editor (s): Labandeira, JJ Torres; Vila-Jato,
JL Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Neth); STP Pharma Sciences (1999), 9 (3), 237-242; ACS Symposium Series (1999), 737 (Polysaccharide Applications), 24-45; Pharmaceutical Research (1998), 15 (11), 1696-1701; Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy (1998), 24 (4), 365-370; International Journal of Pharmaceutics (1998), 163 (1-2), 115-121; Book of Abstracts, 216th ACS National Meeting, Boston, August 23-27 (1998), CELL-016, American Chemical Society; Journal of Controlled Relea.se, (1997), 44/1 (9599); Pharm.Res. (1997) 14 (11), S203; Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, (1996), 37 (6), 1199-1203; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials (1996), 23rd, 453-454; Drug
<img file="MX348982B_D0045.tif" />
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
DELA HIOFI INDUSTRIAL AGE
Development and Industrial Pharmacy (1996), 22 (5), 401-405;
Proceedings of the International Symposium on
Cyclodextrins, 8th, Budapest, March 31-April 2, (1996), 373-376. (Editor (s): Szejtli, J .; Szente, L.
Kluwer: Dordrecht, Neth.); Pharmaceutical Sciences (1996),
2 (6), 277-279; European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (1996) 4 (SUPPL.), S144; Third European Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences Edinburgh, Scotland, UK September 15-17, 1996; Pharmazie, (1996), 51 (1), 39-42; Eur.
J. Pharm. Sci. (1996), 4 (Suppl.), S143; North American Patents No. 5,472,954 and No. 5,324,718; International Journal of Pharmaceutics (The Netherlands), (December 29, 1995) 126, 73-78; Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, (April 2, 1995) 209 (1), 33-CELL; European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (1994) 2, 297-301; Pharmaceutical Research (New York), (1994) 11 (10), S225; International Journal of Pharmaceutics (The Netherlands), (April 11, 1994) 104, 181-184; and International Journal of Pharmaceutics (1994), 110 (2), 169-77, the full descriptions of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Other suitable polymers are well known excipients that are commonly used in the field of pharmaceutical formulations and are included in, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18<sup>to</sup> Editing, Alfonso
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
R. Gennaro (editor), Mack Publishing Company, Easton,
<img file="MX348982B_D0046.tif" />
PA,
1990, pages 291-294; Alfred Martin, James Swarbrick and Arthur Commarata, Physical Pharmacy. Physical Chemical Principles in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3<sup>to</sup> editing (Lea & Febinger, Philadelphia, PA, 1983, pages 592-638); AT Florence and D. Altwood, {PhysicoChemical Principles of Pharmacy, 2<sup>to</sup> Edition, MacMillan Press, London, 1988, pages 281-334. Full descriptions of references cited in this document are hereby incorporated by reference. Still other suitable polymers include water-soluble natural polymers, water-soluble semi-synthetic polymers (such as the water-soluble derivatives of cellulose), and water-soluble synthetic polymers. Natural polymers include polysaccharides such as insulin, pectin, algin derivatives (eg sodium alginate) and agar, and polypeptides such as casein and gelatin. Semi-synthetic polymers include cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, their mixed ethers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and other mixed ethers such as hydroxyethylethylcellulose and hydroxypropylethylcellulose, especially hydroxypropylmethylmethylcellulose and carboxycarboxylic salts and sodium carboxypropyl methylmethylcellulose phthalate and carboxymethyl cellulose salts.
Synthetic polymers include polyoxyethylene derivatives
IMPI i «fotuto mujo * ® M THE INDUTTUAL PROWíDAP
<img file="MX348982B_D0047.tif" />
(polyethylene glycols) and polyvinyl derivatives (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polystyrene sulphonate) and various acrylic acid copolymers (eg carbomer). Other natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers not named herein, which satisfy the criteria for water solubility, pharmaceutical acceptability, and pharmacological inactivity are considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
A solubility enhancing agent can be added to a formulation of the invention. A solubility enhancing agent is a compound, or compounds, that enhance the solubility of the active agent in an aqueous or humid environment, such as the lining of the respiratory tract. Suitable solubility enhancing agents include one or more organic solvents, detergents, soaps, surfactants, and other organic compounds that are typically used in parenteral formulations to improve the solubility of a particular agent. Suitable organic solvents include, for example, ethanol, glycerin, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, poly (propylene glycols), poloxamers, and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field.
As used in this document, the term
<img file="MX348982B_D0048.tif" />
cryoprotectant is proposed
IMPI ινττγπγγο mexicajmi Of the MNWIDA »INDUSTRIAL to refer to a compound used to protect an active agent from physical or chemical degradation during lyophilization. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, trehalose, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field.
Plasticizers can also be included in the preparations of the invention to modify their properties and characteristics. As used herein, the term "plasticizer" includes all compounds capable of plasticizing or softening a polymer or binder used in the invention. The plasticizer must be capable of lowering the melting temperature or glass transition temperature (softening point temperature) of the polymer or binder substance. Plasticizers, such as low molecular weight PEG, generally broaden the average molecular weight of a polymer in which they are included thereby lowering its glass transition temperature or softening point. These plasticizers also generally reduce the viscosity of a polymer. It is possible that the plasticizer imparts some particularly advantageous physical properties to the osmotic device of the invention.
<img file="MX348982B_D0049.tif" />
IMPI
MWUCANO INSTITUTE OF industrial rWOKBIAD
Plasticizers useful in the invention may include, by way of example and without limitation, low molecular weight polymers, oligomers, copolymers, oils, small organic molecules, low molecular weight polyols having aliphatic hydroxyls, ester plasticizers, glycol ethers, poly (propylene glycol), multi-block polymers, single block polymers, low molecular weight poly (ethylene glycol), citrate ester plasticizers, triacetin, propylene glycol and glycerin. These plasticizers may also include ethylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, styrene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, and other compounds of poly (ethylene glycol), monopropylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether. diethylene glycol, sorbitol lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, ethyl glycolate, dibutylsebacate, acetyltributylcitrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and allyl glycolate. All of these plasticizers are commercially available from sources such as Aldrich or Sigma Chemical Co. It is also contemplated and within the scope of the invention that a combination of plasticizers may be used in a formulation of the invention. Plasticizers based on
IMPI
INSTITUTE MBJUCANO
From THE INDUSTRIAL FROMÍDAD.
<img file="MX348982B_D0050.tif" />
PEG are commercially available or can be made by means of a variety of methods as disclosed in Poly (ethylene glycol) Chemistry: Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications (JM Harris, Ed.; Plenum Press, NY) the description of which is incorporated by this act by way of reference.
As used herein, the term "flavor" is intended to refer to a compound used to impart a pleasant taste and often odor to a pharmaceutical preparation. Exemplary flavoring or flavoring agents include synthetic flavor and flavor oils and / or natural oils, extracts of plants, leaves, flowers, fruits, etc., and combinations thereof. These may also include cinnamon oil, wintergreen oil, meta oils, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, nutmeg oil, mugwort oil, oil of bitter almonds and cassia oil. Other useful flavors include vanilla, citrus oil, including lemon, orange, grape, lime, and grapefruit, and fruit essences, including apple, pear, peach, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot, and so on. Flavors which have been found to be particularly useful include orange, grape, cherry and gum flavors.
<img file="MX348982B_D0051.tif" />
IMPL
INSTITUTO MEXICANO Oí LA ΠΕΟΝ AGE INDUSTRIAL commercially available chewing and mixtures thereof.
The amount of flavoring can depend on a variety of factors including the desired organoleptic effect. The flavors will be present in any quantity desired by those of ordinary experience in the field. In particular, the flavors are grape and cherry flavors and citrus fruit flavors, such as orange.
As used herein, the term "sweetener" is intended to refer to a compound used to add sweetness to a preparation. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, aspartame, dextrose, glycerin, mannitol, sodium saccharin, sorbitol, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, maltodextrin, sucralose, sucrose, other materials known to a person of ordinary experience in the field and combinations thereof.
As used herein, a penetration enhancer is an agent or combination of agents that enhance the penetration of an active agent through tissue. Penetration enhancers which may be included in a formulation of the invention include, by way of example and without limitation, calcium chelators such as EDTA, methylated P-cyclodextrin, and polycarboxylic acids; surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, carnitine, esters of
<img file="MX348982B_D0052.tif" />
IMPI iNsrmrro Muicano BfLAMOmDA * INDUSTRY!
carnitine and tween<sup>MR</sup>; bile salts such as sodium taurocholate; fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acid; and non-surfactant agents such as AZONE<sup>MR</sup> and dialkyl sulfoxides; E-flux inhibitors such as AV171 (AyMax, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), D-atocopheryl-polyethylene glycol succinate 1000 (TPGS), and peppermint oil;
chitosan and chitosan derivatives such as N-methylchitosan, N-trimethyl-chitosan, mono-N-carboxymethylchitosan, quaternized chitosan derivatives; SNAC (N- (8 (2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino) caprylate) and SNAD (N- (10- (2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino) -decanoate) (Emisphere Technologies, Inc., Tarrytown, NY); amino acids that are not alpha Nacetylated; HEMISPHERE brand supply agents<sup>mr</sup>; Gélucire 44/14<sup>MR</sup> o Vitamin Ε TPGS; CARBOPOL 934P<sup>KR</sup>; others known to those of ordinary experience in the field and combinations thereof.
As used herein, a fragrance is a relatively volatile substance or combination of substances that produces a detectable aroma, odor, or essence. Exemplary fragrances include those generally accepted as FD&C.
A surface tension modifier is a material or combination of materials capable of modifying the surface properties of a composition according to the invention. A surface tension modifier
<img file="MX348982B_D0053.tif" />
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO 1'1 INWNTHIAL PROPERTY may include a surfactant, detergent or soap. It can be included in the carrier particles, the particles containing the active agent, or both.
A density modifier is a material or combination of materials that is included in a composition of the invention to increase or decrease the density thereof. It can be included in the carrier particles, the particles containing the active agent, or both. A density modifier can be used to increase or decrease (as necessary) the density of the carrier in order to improve the dispersion of the active agent from the carrier. Similarly, a density modifier can be used to decrease or increase, respectively, (as necessary) the density of the particles containing the active agent.
A volatility modifier is a material or combination of materials added to modify the volatility of an active agent. In one embodiment, the volatility modifier increases the volatility of the active agent. In another embodiment, the volatility modifier decreases the volatility of the active agent.
As used herein, the term "stabilizer" is intended to refer to a compound used to stabilize the therapeutic agent against physical, chemical, or biochemical processes that would reduce the
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL CURRENCY
<img file="MX348982B_D0054.tif" />
therapeutic activity of the agent. Suitable stabilizers include, by way of example and without limitation, albumin, sialic acid, creatinine, glycine and other amino acids, niacinamide, sodium acetyltrypphonate, zinc oxide, sucrose, glucose, lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, glycerol, polyethylene glycols, caprylate. sodium and sodium saccharin and others known to those of ordinary experience in the field.
As used herein, the term bulking agents is intended to refer to a compound used to add bulk to the lyophilized product and / or aid in the control of the properties of a formulation during lyophilization. These compounds include, by way of example and without limitation, dextran, trehalose, sucrose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lactose, inositol, sorbitol, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, albumin, calcium lactobionate, and others known to those of ordinary skill in the field.
It should be understood that compounds used in the field of pharmaceutical formulations generally serve a variety of functions or purposes. Thus, if a compound named in this document is mentioned only once or is used to define more than one term in this document, its purpose or function should not be considered to be limited to that only.
IMPI
ΙΝΓΠΤυΤΟ MEXICAN
Dt THE PROPERTY INM «T» Ul
<img file="MX348982B_D0055.tif" />
named purpose (s) or function (s)
In view of the above description and subsequent examples, a person of ordinary skill in the field will be able to practice the claimed invention without undue experimentation. The foregoing will be better understood with reference to the following examples that detail certain procedures for the preparation of compositions and formulations in accordance with the present invention. All references made to these examples are for illustration purposes. The following examples are not to be considered as exhaustive, but only as illustrative of only some of the many embodiments contemplated by the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Exemplary formulations were made according to the following general procedures.
Method A. Solid formulation in mixture
<td>A</td><td>composition</td><td>solid that</td><td>understands</td>
<td>cyclodextrin i</td><td>mixes with</td><td>a composition</td><td>solid that</td>
<td>understand the</td><td>active agent</td><td colspan="2">up to homogeneity. The</td>
<td>composition that</td><td colspan="3">contains cyclodextrin and the composition that</td>
<td>contains the</td><td colspan="2">active agent contain</td><td>less than</td>
<td>approximately</td><td>20% by weight of</td><td>Water. The mixed</td><td>Of the two</td>
<td colspan="3">Compositions can also include wear</td><td>simultaneous</td>
<img file="MX348982B_D0056.tif" />
of them or wear
IMPI
ΙΝΤΤΓΠΓΓΟ MEXICANO OF LA PROPIEDAD INDUSTRIAL can be performed as a separate process step. For example the cyclodextrin-containing composition and the active agent-containing compositions are each worn away separately prior to mixing. One or more additional excipients can be included in the SAE-CD composition and / or the active agent composition.
Method B. Liquid formulation
An SAE-CD composition is mixed with a liquid carrier optionally containing an active agent. The SAE-CD composition can be mixed with the liquid carrier either before, after or during the addition of the active agent, if one is present. One or more different excipients can be included in the formulation. If necessary, heat can be applied to promote mixing or dissolution.
EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of solid compositions of SAE-CD.
In Methods A and B below, the SAE-CD starting material was provided in an aqueous liquid carrier and the SAE-CD starting material was prepared according to a known literature method. Particular modalities included SAE-CD starting material dissolved in water. The concentration of SAE-CD in
IMPI ^
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF THE MOFIUAD O _<sub>Ί</sub> . _ j _ -i - 'j _ __ _ · - ____ _ _____ INDUSTRY! The liquid carrier was varied as necessary to provide a liquid IT Vl'Scosidaa feed or desired solids content.
Method A. Fluidized Bed Spray Drying
An SAE-CD carrier was prepared by spray agglomeration in an FSD-16 fluid spray dryer apparatus.<sup>MR</sup> (GEA Niro Inc., Columbia MD) as follows. Several solutions of sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (degree of substitution ~ 7, SBE7-BCD) at 20.1-49.8% solids were agglomerated in the FSD-16 apparatus.<sup>MR</sup> using a top mounted pressure nozzle Spraying Systems<sup>MR</sup> at atomization pressures of 105,324-140,432 kg / cm<sup>2</sup> (1,500-2,000 lb / pg<sup>2</sup> gauge pressure) and a feed temperature ~ 25 ° C. The process conditions were inlet / outlet temperatures of 210-250 / 83-100 ° C, inlet temperatures of the fluid bed of 80-100 ° C, and fluid bed temperatures of 67-87 ° C. The return of fines to the spray nozzle and chamber cone was investigated during separate runs. The drying gas streams are electrically heated.
SAECD-containing feed solutions were prepared by adding powdered constituents to the required amount of water under heat and agitation in the feed tank.
IMPI
<img file="MX348982B_D0057.tif" />
Method B.
INJTTTUTO MUICAN * M LA rAOHSOAP iNnusTjuAi
Fluidized bed spray drying
An SAE-CD composition was prepared by spray agglomeration in a FSD-12.5 fluid spray dryer apparatus.<sup>MR</sup> (GEA Niro Inc., Cólumbia MD) with a 3-chamber fluidization bed attached. The inner fluid bed chamber (chamber 1) was opened directly to the drying chamber and used for final agglomeration, agglomerate drying and dedusting. The outer ring fluid bed chambers 2 and 3 are sequentially connected to chamber 1 such that the product moves from chamber 1 to chamber 2 to chamber 3 controlled by the process conditions. Chamber 2 was used for subsequent drying and dedusting continued. Chamber 3 was used for cooling and final dedusting. The final product was taken from chamber 3. The drying gas flows (N<sub>2</sub>) are electrically heated and the main drying gas was introduced into the drying chamber through a ceiling air dispenser. The drying gas for the 3 fluid bed chambers was evenly distributed through perforated plates. The drying gas flows were individually adjusted to the different fluid bed chambers.
Sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin solutions (degree of substitution ~ 7, SBE7-BCD) at 48-52% by weight of solids were agglomerated in the FSD-12.5 apparatus<sup>MR</sup>
IMPI
<img file="MX348982B_D0058.tif" />
Mexican Institute OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY using a top-mounted pressure nozzle Spraying Systems<sup>MR</sup> at atomization pressures of
10-50 bar and a solution temperature of 45-55 ° C. The process conditions were inlet / outlet temperatures of 150-170 / 70-90 ° C, inlet temperatures of chamber 1 fluidized bed of 100-150 ° C and product bed temperatures of chamber 1 of 60 -100 ° C. The fines were returned to a location adjacent to the spray nozzle.
EXAMPLE 3
The particle diameter (size) distribution of various SAE-CD (sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin, degree of substitution ~ 7 compositions) was determined by means of laser diffraction (Malvern Instruments Inc, Model 2000, South Borough, MA), equipped with a dry powder feeder accessory The dispersion pressure versus particle size curve was generated and based on a dispersion pressure of 4,213 kg / cm<sup>2</sup> (60 lb / pg<sup>2</sup>). Dust samples were taken using 500 scans of the detector for statistical validity. The obscuration values were monitored to ensure adequate data acquisition. The 300 mm focal length detector lens was used, which provides a size range of 5.8 to 564 μ.
IMPIf INSTITUTO MEXICANO 1 mu mohedal i
INDUSTIIAL
Particle size analysis data for exemplary sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin SAE-CD compositions with an average degree of substitution of ~ 7, SBE7-BCD, are included in the table below. The data for each composition indicate the particle diameters in microns that correspond to the De Brouckere average diameter (D [4,3]) or the particle size cutoffs for the cumulative volume fractions of 10%, 50% or 90%. (μ is taken to refer to
<td colspan="5">a micrometer).</td>
<td rowspan="2">SAE-CD batch</td><td rowspan="2">Average Diameter (D [4.3]) Size (μ)</td><td colspan="3">Particle Size Cutoff at Established Size Distribution Percentiles</td>
<td>10% D [v, 0.1]</td><td>fifty% D [v, 0.5]</td><td>90% D [v, 0.9]</td>
<td>* B3</td><td> 78.7</td><td> 28.7</td><td> 67.9</td><td> 138.1</td>
<td>B4</td><td> 86.9</td><td> 30.2</td><td> 79.1</td><td> 154.1</td>
<td>B5</td><td> 83.8</td><td> 33.1</td><td> 76.7</td><td> 145.4</td>
<td>B9</td><td> 104.9</td><td> 34.9</td><td> 96.5</td><td> 184.9</td>
<td>"A1</td><td> 175</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>A2</td><td> 194</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>A3</td><td> 119</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>A4</td><td> 125</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>TO 5</td><td> 92</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>A6</td><td> 187</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>A7</td><td> 164</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
IMPI
INSTITUTO MÍXJCANO Di LA rtORIDAD INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX348982B_D0059.tif" />
* Β # indicates a composition of SAE-CD made according to Example 2, Method B, where it indicates the lot number of the sample.
** A # indicates a composition of SAE-CD made according to Example 2, Method A, where it indicates the lot number of the sample.
EXAMPLE 4
The moisture content of the SAE-CD compositions was measured via the Karl Fisher method (USP <921>, Method la) or the moisture balance method.
Moisture Balance Method
The Computrac moisture balance<sup>MR</sup> Model 200 XL (Arizona Instruments, Tempe, AZ) was used to determine the weight loss of selected powder samples over time as the powder was exposed to infrared heating. The powders were weighed (approximately 1 g for each sample), heated to 110 ° C until no change in weight was observed, and the percent weight loss was calculated.
EXAMPLE 5
The flowability of solid SAE-CD compositions was determined with a test apparatus (Flodex<sup>MR</sup>, Hanson Research Corp., Northridge, California) that had:
IMPI
ΙΝΠΤΤυΤΟ MUUCANO
A stainless steel cylinder
<img file="MX348982B_D0060.tif" />
approximately 200 mL
A series of stainless steel discs. Each disc having a precise hole in the center in graduated sizes differing from 1-2mm in diameter that is easily attached to form a bottom for the cylinder.
- A plug that covers the hole and can be quickly removed without vibration to allow powder to flow through the selected hole.
- An adjustable funnel to supply the sample cylinder with a free fall of the test powder.
- A suitable container to collect the powder that flows through the unit.
The funnel was mounted on the cylinder in such a way that the bottom of the funnel was close to but not touching the surface of the powder once it was filled into the cylinder. A disk was inserted into the bottom of the cylinder and the hole in the disk was closed. A 50 g supply of powder was then poured through the funnel into the middle of the cylinder. The powder was allowed to settle in the cylinder for at least 30 seconds, then the hole in the disk opened quickly and without vibration. Flow through the disc opening was then observed. A positive result was when the powder flowed through the hole leaving a cavity similar to a cone.
<img file="MX348982B_D0061.tif" />
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA FROFIEDAD _,,,,,,, INDUSTRIAL truncated inverted in 3 of 3 tests and the falling dust implies the full height of the dust (not less than 60 mm)
A negative result was observed when the powder fell abruptly through the hole that forms a cylindrical cavity in the remaining powder.
If the result was positive, the procedure was repeated with discs having smaller diameter holes until the smallest diameter hole that still gave a positive result was determined in 3 of 3 tests.
If the result was negative, the procedure was repeated with discs having larger diameter holes until the smaller diameter hole providing a positive result was determined in 3 out of 3 tests.
Measurement results for SAE-CD (sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin with a degree of substitution of ~ 7, SBE7-B-CD) compositions are provided below.
Lot of SBE7-B-CD Minimum Hole Diameter (mm)
B4 6
B9 6
A1
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<td>A2</td><td> 8</td>
<td>A3</td><td> 5</td>
<td>A4</td><td> 4</td>
<td>TO 5</td><td> 10</td>
<td>A6</td><td> 12</td>
<td>A7</td><td> 10</td>
INSTITUT · Mexican DE LA ML * II »AD INDUSTRIAL
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EXAMPLE 6
The average dissolution time of the SAE-CD compositions (sulfobutyl ether-betacyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution ~ 7, SBE7-BCD) was determined by means of a direct flow dissolution device comprising a glass filter holder. (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA) attached to a pump and a water reservoir. The filter holder was comprised of a ~ 300 mL capacity funnel and a fritted glass base held together with a metal clamp.
The test was conducted by placing a 2.5 g sample of the powder on a 47 mm x 10 micron pore size filter mounted between the filter holder sections. Water at ~ 25 ° C was pumped at a rate of 100 mL per minute through the bottom of the apparatus in such a way that the water would rise through the filter and into the reservoir. It was observed that the sample determines the time
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MuuWfit & u
SOLID INDUSTRIAL. Yes
<img file="MX348982B_D0063.tif" />
required for the dissolution of all the samples floated and it took more than 2.5 minutes to dissolve, the pump stopped after supplying 250 mL.
Representative data for sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution of 7 (SBE<sub>7</sub>-CD) are included in the following table.
<td rowspan="2">Composition of SBE<sub>7</sub>-CD</td><td colspan="3">Dissolution Time (minutes)</td>
<td>Driving 1</td><td>Driving 2</td><td>Average</td>
<td>B3</td><td> 3.0</td><td> 3.5</td><td> 3.25</td>
<td>B4</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.25</td><td> 2.13</td>
<td>B5</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.0</td>
<td>B6</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 2.5</td>
<td>B8</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.5</td><td> 2.25</td>
<td>B10</td><td> 2.25</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.13</td>
<td>TO 5</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.0</td><td> 2.0</td>
EXAMPLE 7
The SAE-CD compositions were compared in compaction studies with samples of commercial powders frequently used in the preparation of tablets, for example, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel 200), USP lactose, and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate (DiCal).
Powders were compressed in a single station press with Colton instruments<sup>MR</sup>, which drove to 15 tablets per minute. The press had a
<img file="MX348982B_D0064.tif" />
IMPI ίΝΤΠτυτη mui «n · r'E INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY compression force and displacement of the upper die and the lower die with instruments. The weight of the sample was 200 mg and the samples were compressed to three different tablet hardnesses of approximately 5, 10 and
fifteen kP using flat-faced dies with a diameter of 0.87 centimeters (0.345 inches). Force and displacement data were collected using a 4-channel 12-bit digital oscilloscope (Model # 420, Nicolet Instrument Corp., Madison, WI, USA); samples were collected each msec simultaneously for each of the four channels. The punch was lubricated with a 10% (w / v) slurry of magnesium stearate in acetone applied with a cotton swab. To maintain tablet-to-tablet consistency, a standardized procedure was developed to scrub and dry the slurry onto the wall of the punch. The punch wall coverage was also verified by visual inspection. To reduce signal noise, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) was performed on the upper die and lower die data using the Igor Pro computer program.<sup>MR</sup> version 3.1 (Wavemetrics, Inc., Oregon). Igor Pro computer program<sup>MR</sup> was also used to discover the Pmax on the average tablet pressure curve (i.e. maximum die pressure)
ΙΜΡΙ6
INSTITUTO MUUCANO fí • i the moment after the FFT had taken place; the algorithm<sup>h</sup>'£ \ iI3<sup>,TO</sup>ÜeT logical component discovered the minimum using the derivative of the curve.
The breaking strength of the tablets was measured using a KEY HT-3 00 hardness tester<sup>MR </sup>(Englishtown, NJ). A dual indicator was used to measure the height of the tablets after compression. Typically, 5 tablets were compressed and tested for hardness at each of the three target hardness levels.
EXAMPLE 8
The density and compressibility of the SAE-CD compositions was determined by means of the following methods:
Method A. Bulk density
The bulk density of the SAECD compositions was determined according to USP <616> Method I, using a 100 mL graduated cylinder.
Method B. Apparent density after being compacted
The bulk density after being compacted of the SAE-CD compositions was determined by means of USP Method I <616>, using a graduated cylinder of
100 mL.
<img file="MX348982B_D0065.tif" />
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INSTITUTO MEXICANO ΓΝ THE PROPERTY
Method C.
„INDUSTRIAL
Carr's compressibility index
The Carr compressibility index of the SAE-CD compositions was calculated according to the formula:
Apparent Density after compaction - Apparent Density λ% of compressibility = I --------------------------------- ----------- IX100%
Apparent density after compaction
Method D. Real density
The actual density of the SAE-CD compositions was determined with a Multiple Volume Pycnometer (Micromeritics Instrument Corp., Model 1305, Norcross, GA) according to the method of USP <699>. A sample holder that had a volume of one cm<sup>3</sup> was used for all measurements.
Measurement results for SAE-CD (sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution ~ 7, SBE7-BCD, compositions are provided in the following table.
<td>Sample of SBE7-BCD</td><td>Apparent Density (g / cm<sup>3</sup>)</td><td>Apparent density After being compacted (g / cm<sup>3</sup>)</td><td>Carr index (%)</td><td>Density Real (g / cm<sup>3</sup>)</td>
<td>B3</td><td> 0.610</td><td> 0.731</td><td> 16.6</td><td> 1.29</td>
<td>B4</td><td> 0.594</td><td> 0.701</td><td> 15.3</td><td> 1.30</td>
<td>B5</td><td> 0.601</td><td> 0.708</td><td> 15.1</td><td> 1.30</td>
<td>B6</td><td> 0.604</td><td> 0.692</td><td> 12.8</td><td>USrUAL</td>
<td>B8</td><td> 0.573</td><td> 0.670</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>B9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 1.28</td>
<td>B10</td><td> 0.595</td><td> 0.694</td><td> 14.2</td><td></td>
<td>A1</td><td> 0.429</td><td> 0.564</td><td> 23.9</td><td></td>
<td>A2</td><td> 0.410</td><td> 0.539</td><td> 23.9</td><td></td>
<td>A3</td><td> 0.549</td><td> 0.670</td><td> 18.1</td><td></td>
<td>A4</td><td> 0.549</td><td> 0.661</td><td> 16.9</td><td></td>
<td>TO 5</td><td> 0.481</td><td> 0.574</td><td> 16.0</td><td></td>
<td>A6</td><td> 0.433</td><td> 0.528</td><td> 18.0</td><td></td>
<td>A7</td><td> 0.381</td><td> 0.495</td><td> 23.0</td><td></td>
EXAMPLE 9
A dry powder formulation suitable for administration with a DPI device comprises one or more active agents, a carrier for the SAE-CD composition and optionally one or more excipients selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, acidifying agent, alkalizing agent, buffering agent, solubility enhancing agent, penetration enhancer, electrolyte, fragrance, glucose, glidant, stabilizer, bulking agents, cryoprotectant, plasticizer, flavors, sweeteners, surface tension modifier, density modifier, volatility modifier, or a combination thereof. The Porter
100
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IMPI <sup>, nst</sup>The SAE-CD industry comprises approximately 50% -99.9% by weight of the formulation and has an average particle diameter of less than 420 microns. The particles containing the active agent have an average particle diameter between about 0.1 to 10 microns. The carrier has an extension of about 1.5 to 2.9 and the carrier has been made in accordance with the invention and optionally abrading the solid to form the particulate carrier. The SAE-CD used in the carrier has an average DS 10 in the range of about 1 to 12.
EXAMPLE 10
A compressed rapid-release tablet comprising sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution of 4 (SBE<sub>4</sub>-PCD, composition of SAE-CD) and piroxicam is prepared according to the following formula and procedure.
Ingredient
Amount (mg)
0 1: Piroxicam
<td></td><td>1: SBE<sub>4</sub>-pCD</td><td> 77</td>
<td></td><td>2: sorbitol</td><td> 45</td>
<td></td><td>2: dextrose</td><td> 50</td>
<td></td><td>2: citric acid</td><td> 10</td>
<td> 25</td><td>2. xylitol</td><td> 47.5</td>
101
<img file="MX348982B_D0067.tif" />
2: PEG 3350
3: magnesium stearate
3: pyrogenic silicon dioxide
3: croscarmellose sodium
1.5
1.5
5.5
Total 257
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INSTITUTO MUICANO Di la FAONIDAD INDUSTRIAL
The above ingredients are used to make a 257mg tablet core that has a quick release profile. The numbers in addition to the ingredients 10 indicate the general order of addition. After each group of ingredients is added, the mixture is dry blended for 5-10 minutes. Magnesium stearate, pyrogenic silicon dioxide (CABOSIL M5P<sup>mr</sup>) and croscarmellose sodium are added separately (step 3) from 15 other ingredients and an additional step of dry blending for 5 minutes is added to the general procedure.
The powder is then compressed to form a tablet with a hardness of approximately 8-10 kg.
EXAMPLE 11
A controlled release tablet comprising a composition of SAE-CD, sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution of 7 (SBE<sub>7</sub>-PCD), and prednisolone is prepared according to the following formula and procedure.
<img file="MX348982B_D0068.tif" />
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INSTITUTO MUJCANO MLAFMRMMD INDUSTRIAL
102
Ingredient
Prednisolone
SBE<sub>7</sub>J3CD
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC K 100M)
Total
Quantity (mq)
210
300
The above ingredients are used to make a 300mg tablet core that has a controlled release profile. The ingredients are combined by hand and the individual tablets are prepared on a recording press under 1 ton pressure for 7 seconds. Tablets are prepared using a standard 5/16 '' cup-shaped concave tool.
EXAMPLE 12
An orodispersible immediate release tablet comprising a composition of SAE-CD, sulfobutyl ether-gamma-cyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution of 7 (SBE<sub>7</sub>-yCD) and zaleplon is prepared according to the following formula and procedure.
TO
103
Ingredient
Zaleplon
Croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol)
SBE<sub>7</sub>-yCD
Microcrystalline cellulose (Avisel PH102<sup>MR</sup>)
Colloidal Silicon Dioxide (Cab-O-Sil)
Magnesium stearate
Total
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INSTITUTO MAJUCANO DE LA MWMRDAD ~ ........ INDUSTRIAL
Amount per tablet (mg)
<img file="MX348982B_D0069.tif" />
118
150
1.5
300
All of the tablet ingredients were sifted through a 40 mesh screen (US Standard) prior to weighting and then all ingredients except magnesium stearate (Mg) were mixed in a glass bottle using a geometric dilution technique. The powder blend is then passed through the 40 mesh screen twice to facilitate homogeneous mixing of all ingredients. Before mechanical compression, Mg stearate is added and then mixed for an additional minute. Finally, the final blend is compressed into tablets with a 7mm concave tool using a rotary tablet press to provide a tablet hardness of approximately 3.0 kiloponds (kp).
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EXAMPLE 13
A constituent powder formulation of lamotrigine and a composition of SAE-CD, sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin with an average degree of substitution of 7 (SBE<sub>7</sub>-pCD), was prepared using the following formula.
<td>Ingredient</td><td>Quantity (q)</td>
<td>Lamotrigine</td><td> 7.50</td>
<td>SBE<sub>7</sub>-pCD</td><td> 37.5</td>
<td>Citric Acid USP</td><td> 3.75</td>
<td>Xylitol</td><td> 300</td>
<td>Sodium saccharin</td><td> 0.75</td>
<td>Benzoic acid</td><td> 1.28</td>
<td>Strawberry flavor</td><td> 1.4</td>
<td>Xanthan gum</td><td> 1.5</td>
<td>Total</td><td> 353.68</td>
Sodium saccharin, benzoic acid, strawberry flavor, citric acid and xanthan gum combine together and mix well. Lamotrigine is added to the combination with further mixing, then the SBE is added<sub>7</sub>~ PCD and mixing continues. The xylitol is then added to the resulting powder with genetic dilution and mixed further.
The powder can be made up with water to
105
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<img file="MX348982B_D0071.tif" />
provide a final volume of 750 mL.
The following terms are defined as detailed below.
<td> 5</td><td>FINISHED</td><td>DEFINITION</td>
<td></td><td>Agglomerate</td><td>A collection of particles that merge</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>together and act as a larger particle.</td>
<td></td><td>Apparent density</td><td>Bulk powder mass divided by bulk volume</td>
<td></td><td>Carr index</td><td>Measurement of the volumetric flow properties of</td>
<td> 10</td><td></td><td>powder</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>Cyclodextrin</td>
<td></td><td>DPI</td><td>Dry powder inhaler</td>
<td></td><td>KF</td><td>Karl Fisher analysis</td>
<td></td><td>MDI</td><td>Metered dose inhaler, or more correctly,</td>
<td> 15</td><td></td><td>propellant driven metered dose inhaler</td>
<td></td><td>monodisperse</td><td>In terms of particle size, it refers to a</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>population of particles having a particle size</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>uniform</td>
<td></td><td>nC</td><td>Nanocolombo, load measurement</td>
<td> 20</td><td>ND</td><td>Undetermined</td>
<td></td><td>pMDI</td><td>Pressurized metered dose inhaler</td>
<td></td><td>SEM</td><td>Scanning electron microscope</td>
<td></td><td>Apparent density after</td><td>Bulk powder mass divided by powder volume</td>
<td></td><td>to be compacted</td><td>packed (after compaction of the powder by the</td>
<td> 25</td><td></td><td>vertical tapping)</td>
106
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As used herein, the term "approximately" means +/- 10% of the stated value.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the particular embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated that, although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein for purposes of illustration, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not limited except by the appended claims. All the modalities disclosed and claimed in this document can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. The description of any patent or other publication cited herein is incorporated herein by reference.
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107
Contents105
82 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31 Sheet 32 Sheet 33 Sheet 34 Sheet 35 Sheet 36 Sheet 37 Sheet 38 Sheet 39 Sheet 40 Sheet 41 Sheet 42 Sheet 43 Sheet 44 Sheet 45 Sheet 46 Sheet 47 Sheet 48 Sheet 49 Sheet 50 Sheet 51 Sheet 52 Sheet 53 Sheet 54 Sheet 55 Sheet 56 Sheet 57 Sheet 58 Sheet 59 Sheet 60 Sheet 61 Sheet 62 Sheet 63 Sheet 64 Sheet 65 Sheet 66 Sheet 67 Sheet 68 Sheet 69 Sheet 70 Sheet 71 Sheet 72 Sheet 73 Sheet 74 Sheet 75 Sheet 76 Sheet 77 Sheet 78 Sheet 79 Sheet 80 Sheet 81 Sheet 82
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Numbers
- Publication
- 348982
- Application
- 2013014698
Titles2
- Spanish
- COMPOSICIONES DE ETER SULFOALQUILICO-CICLODEXTRINA Y METODOS DE PREPARACION DE LAS MISMAS.
- English
- COMPOSITIONS OF SULFOALKYL ETHER-CYCLODEXTRIN AND METHODS OF PREPARING THEM.
Classification
- CPC, 24
- A61K9/0056
- A61K31/724
- A61K31/573
- C08B37/0012
- A61K9/0075
- A61K9/0095
- A61K9/205
- A61K31/715
- A61K47/40
- A61K9/1652
- A61K9/2054
- Y10T428/2982
- A61K31/519
- A61K31/53
- A61K31/5415
- A61K47/6951
- C08B37/0015
- C08L5/16
- A61K45/06
- B01D1/18
- A61K9/20
- A61K47/26
- B01J8/24
- C07H5/04
- IPC, 3
- A61K9 00
- A61K31 00
- A61K47 00