Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto.

(54) Title: UNDERGROUND BARRIER RETENTION SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODS.

(54) Title: SUBSURFACE BARRIER RETENTION SYSTEM AND METHODS RELATED THERETO.

(57) Summary

The present invention relates to a system for installing a curvilinear underground retention barrier characterized in that it comprises: one or more barrier installation devices connectable to a. progressive motion device, wherein each of the one or more barrier installation devices has a three-dimensional J-shaped film chamber configured to fold an unfolded film to form a folded curvilinear film, to fold the folded curvilinear film to form a folded and folded curvilinear film and to open the folded and folded curvilinear film to form an oriented curvilinear film for deposition below a median surface within a projected root zone; and one or more x, y, z positioning systems in communication with the device in progressive movement, and configured to place each of the underground retention barriers in a location that maximizes water retention in the projected root zone, where the x, y positioning systems, z include at least one physical positioning system connected to the barrier installation devices to control depth (z) of the underground retention barrier and at least one wireless positioning system to control a directional depth (x, y) of the barrier. underground retention.

(57) Abstract

A subsurface retention barrier system installed in situ to retain water in a projected root zone of one or more plants is disclosed. An apparatus and system for installing the subsurface retention barriers and methods related thereto are also disclosed.

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Institute

Mexican Property

Industrial ___SE___

SECUTARIAT Dt KQMOMÍA

PATENT TITLE NO. 344880

<td>Headlines):</td><td>BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY</td>

<td>Home:</td><td>450 Administration Building, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824-1046, USA</td>

<td>Denomination:</td><td>UNDERGROUND BARRIER RETENTION SYSTEM AND RELATED METHODS.</td>

<td>Classification:</td><td>lnt.CI.8: E02B11 / 02; E02F5 / 02</td>

<td>Inventor (s):</td><td>ALVIN JM SMUCKER REQUEST</td>

<td>Number;</td><td>International filing date:</td>

MX / a / 2013/004017 October 13, 2011

PRIORITY

<td>Country:</td><td>Date:</td><td>Number:</td>

<td>US</td><td>October 13, 2010</td><td> 61/392,785</td>

Validity: Twenty years

Expiration Date: October 13, 2031

The reference patent is granted based on articles 1^or, 2^or Section V, 6th Section III, and 59 of the Industrial Property Law.

In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, this patent is valid for twenty years, non-extendable, counted from the filing date of the international application and will be subject to the payment of the fee to keep the rights in force. .

Whoever signs this title does so based on the provisions of articles 6 'sections III and 7^or bis 2 of the Industrial Property Law (Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF) 27 / 067'991, amended on 08/02/1994, 10/25/1996, 12/26/1997, 05/17/1999, 01/26/2004, 06/16/2005, 01/25/2006, 05/06/2009, 06/01/2010, 06/18/2010, 06/28/2010, 01/27/2012 and 09/09 04/2012); Articles 1, 3^or section V subsection a), 4th and 12th sections I and III of the Regulation of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/14/1998, amended on 07/01/2002, 07/15/2004, 07/28/19 2004 and 9/7/2007); items 1^or, 3^or, 4^or, 5^or Section V subsection a), 16 sections I and III and 30 of the Organic Statute of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007); 1^or, 3^orand 5^or Subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy General Directors, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Heads of the Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).

Issue Date: January 11, 2017

THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS

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SUBTERRAN BARRIER RETENTION SYSTEM ^^ XJffilQDOS --—

RELATED

Background of the Invention

A challenge facing the global community is the availability of high quality water, such as for food and fiber production and industrial and domestic uses. This challenge cannot be fully solved by drilling more wells, desalinating seawater, or building more dams and irrigation canals to transport retained water to distant locations such as dry fields. Accordingly, there is a need to artificially better retain water near the growing root zones.

Brief Description of the Invention

In one embodiment, a system is provided for installing an underground retention barrier (SRB) comprising one or more barrier installation devices that can be connected to a progressively moving device, wherein each one or more barrier installation devices has a film chamber configured to fold a film to form a folded curvilinear film, to fold the folded curvilinear film to form a folded and folded curvilinear film and to open the folded and folded curvilinear film to form a film

Ref. 240460 ²curvilinear oriented for deposition in a medium in a root zone projected below the surface; and a guide system in communication with the progressive motion device, the guide system for placing each of the SRBs in a particular position configured to maximize retention in the SRB.

In some embodiments, the progressive motion device is a tractor, the medium is ground, and the guidance system is a global positioning satellite system, and the curvilinear film can be installed at multiple depths in the ground in a continuous fashion with minimal disturbances. to the surface.

In some embodiments, the guiding system also includes a depth control wheel connected to the one or more barrier installation devices (BIDs), where each of the SRBs holds approximately 180% to approximately 3 0 0% more water depending on compared to projected root zones as compared to root zone without SRB.

In one embodiment, an apparatus for installing an SRB is described as comprising an implement having a sweep configured to pass through a medium to temporarily lift the medium to define a cavity therein, the implement configured to dispose a film in the cavity , where the implement has a film folding chamber with a film inlet

IMPI

INSTITUTO MíXICANO curved configured to fold film and a folded film transfer chamber adjoins the film fold chamber to receive the folded film and provide it to a transfer and placement chamber, the transfer and placement chamber has a film outlet curvilinear configured to unfold and install the film in a curvilinear depression that defines a concave cross section, the depression opens to a middle surface, where the installed film forms the SRB. A Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) device can also be attached to the device.

In one embodiment, the curved film inlet is a corded shaped inlet such that an apex of the film aligns with a direction of travel of the implement, and the curved film outlet has a plurality of curved surfaces. In one embodiment, the implement is configured to create the cavity at a preselected depth to allow cultivation of the projected root zone into the soil without disturbing the surface of the soil. In one embodiment, the SRB is configured to provide retained water to the projected root zone.

In one embodiment, the apparatus can furthermore

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OF C * i INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY comprise a film dispenser and film channel configured to guide the film through the implement. In one embodiment, the film is biodegradable and / or configured to resist one or both of root or meiofauna penetration into the soil. In some embodiments, one or more of the SRB portions are modified to be semi-permeable in at least one direction.

In one embodiment, there is provided a method of installing a SRB below a median surface, comprising forming a surface retention cavity in a medium located below the median surface through temporary movement of the medium; placing one or more SRBs within the underground retention cavity in a configuration to retain a maximum amount of available liquid; and filling the underground retention cavity with temporarily removed media such that the media surface remains in a substantially undisturbed condition after installation. In one embodiment, the medium is soil, the SRB is a groundwater retention barrier installed at a specific location on the site, and the method further comprises determining a barrier installation pattern using crop data.

In one embodiment, the medium is earth and the SRB is a groundwater retention barrier installed at a specific location on the site, and the method further comprises

<img file="MX344880B_D0005.tif" />

determine a barrier installation pattern using the

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INSTITUTO MÍXICANf DE U MONEDAD INDUSTRIAL given the cultivation and filling the depression.

The method may further comprise forming the barrier into a U-shaped barrier having a width to height ratio (as measured from the deepest portion of the barrier, i.e., to substantially the center line of the barrier) of between about 1.5: 1 to approximately 2.5: 1 around a projected root zone of one or more plants. In one embodiment, forming an underground cavity comprises dragging an implement, such as a pointed shoe tip, through the ground to define the underground cavity to form a concave underground cavity that opens to a surface of the earth.

In some embodiments, the method may further comprise determining a cavity depth using at least two precipitation records, water infiltration rate, air velocity, relative humidity, earth temperature, solar radiation, the type of soil, land and crop management practices, water management, or depths of plant roots.

In one embodiment, an SRB system is provided comprising a series of curvilinear barriers installed below a projected root zone of a plant to

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PE LA PMW.OAn * NM'THIAL collect and retain nutrients, water, or both, in an efficient way to enhance plant growth. In one embodiment, at least one of the curvilinear barriers is deeper than the other curvilinear barriers in the series and / or at least two of the series of curvilinear barriers are in contact with each other.

In various embodiments, the SRB includes a U-shaped reservoir that retains nearly twice the water content of the surrounding naturally drained soils. In various modalities, groundwater reservoirs retain adequate amounts of water to reduce both the sequence and severity of short-term water stresses by at least one month (see, for example, Figure 15).

On a global basis, there is an estimated 5 billion acres of sandy land that would benefit from this theme. The potential increases in food and biomass would reach 125%. In some embodiments, the new barrier system and installation method described herein can integrate novel drought-tolerant, disease-resistant fiber and food crops that produce 200 to 400% higher yields, while simultaneously conserving water and fertilizers as much as the 5 trillion marginal sandy soils as possible. Hydropedology contour barriers also reduce grout depth and transport

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DI LA ΙΈΟΕΈΟΛΓ, INDUSTRIAL undesirable of agricultural toxins and indnatrÍ-nlyo, agí as the improvement of the cultivation of water in arid and semi-arid regions of the world.

Brief Description of Figures

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the film fold, transfer and placement chamber (FTPC) of a barrier installation device (BID) for folding, transferring, unfold and place an underground retention barrier (SRB) under a surface according to a modality.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a BID with a pointed shoe surrounding the FTPC of Figure 1, according to one embodiment.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the BID of Figure 2 in use, according to one embodiment.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternative BID for installing a SRB, according to one embodiment.

Figure 5 is a top view of the BID of Figure 4, according to one embodiment.

Figure 6 is a side view of the BID of Figures 4 and 5, according to one embodiment.

Figure 7A is a perspective view of a BID 1 for installing an SRB, according to one embodiment.

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Figure 7B is a cross section of the BID of

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Oí Ι.Λ MOHSDAI) TWSTTlAl Figure 7A, taken along line 7B-7B.

Figure 7C is a cross section of the BID of Figure 7A, taken along line 7C-7C.

Figure 7D is a cross section of the BID of Figure 7A, taken along the line 7D-D.

Figure 7E is a cross section of the BID of Figure 7A, taken along the line 7E-7E.

Figure 7F is a cross section of the BID of Figure 7A, taken along the line 7F-7F.

Figure 7G is a cross section of the BID of Figure 7A, taken along the line 7G-7G.

Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the setup for growing water from a SRB to store water in an underground reservoir according to one embodiment.

Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of a barrier configuration comprising a series of overlapping curvilinear barriers in contact with each other at multiple depths below a surface, which may be useful at shallow depths, such as depths of about 40 centimeters (cm) to approximately 50 cm, according to one modality.

Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view of a series of overlapping curvilinear barriers (not in

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL - _ί contact) at multiple depths below a surface, which may be useful at depths deeper than the depths of the Figure 9A barrier configuration, such as depths from about 50 cm to about 80 cm, depending on with a modality.

Figure 9C is a cross-sectional view of a series of non-overlapping curvilinear barriers at substantially the same depth below a surface, which may be useful in finer textured soils at depths deeper than the depths of the the barrier of Figure 9B, such as depths of about 80 cm or more according to one embodiment.

Figure 9D is a cross-sectional view of a series of non-overlapping curvilinear barriers (not in contact) in finer textured soils than Figure 9B that retain less soil water at substantially the same depth below a surface, of according to a modality.

Figure 9E is a cross-sectional view of a series of curvilinear barriers overlapping (in contact) at multiple depths below a surface, in accordance with one embodiment.

Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view

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of a root zone containing a series of barriers

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INSTITUTO MtXICANC Dt LA INDUSTRIAL PRORISTY overlapping curvilinear (not in contact) at multiple depths below the surface, according to one modality.

Figure 10B is a cross-sectional view of a root zone containing a series of non-square U-shaped barriers overlapping (not in contact) at multiple depths below a surface.

. Figure 11 is a side view of a BID installed on a tractor according to one embodiment.

Figure 12 shows the graphs of water precolation of a soil matrix with or without a barrier, according to various modalities.

Figure 13 is a graph showing an increase of almost 200%, from 18 to 34% of volumetric soil water content in the water holding capacities of 25 to 50 cm of sand above SWB in contrast to 10 to 12% volumetric groundwater bearing capacity of the lands without SRB, according to various modalities.

Figure 14 is a diagram of the multiple depths and XYZ positions of water barriers having different geomorphic configurations, within a roughly textured volume of land equipped with multiple time domain reflectrometers and temperature probes (TDR) and lysimeters. ground solution samplers (L),

<img file="MX344880B_D0008.tif" />

according to various modalities.

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INSTITUTO MÍXlCAHC ch: la mjpiF.D * »'IND» »STKIAL

Figure 15 shows the maximum groundwater bearing capacity measured at multiple depths both inside and outside the SRB as compared to a control according to various modalities.

Figure 16 is a characteristic curve of the soil moisture retention f showing how a higher matrix potential (cm) in water bodies within the sand volumetrically reduces the retention of the percentage of volume of water in soil according to a modality.

Figure 17 is a graph showing the height of accented corn scraps obtained when WRB is placed 25 and nearly 50 cm deep in the sand.

Figure 18 is a bar graph showing the slower average water diffusion rate for planting roots above and within a V-shaped barrier than above and within a U-shaped barrier according to various modalities .

Figure 19 is a graph showing the slower water diffusion rate in the roots above a V-shaped barrier when compared to a U-shaped barrier according to various modalities.

Figure 2 0 is a bar graph showing biomass production through corn residues grown for 104 days due to combined water and the Mexican ιητπτυτο 'DE LA Π »ΟΠΕΙ&gt; ΛΡ INDUSTRIAL nutrient retention capacities of both Deeper V-shaped SRBs and a 40 cm deeper bowl-shaped retention barrier as compared to a control without barriers according to various modalities.

Detailed Description of the Modalities of the Invention

In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, the embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice them, and it is understood that other embodiments may be used and that structural, chemical, and procedural changes may be made without depart from the spirit and scope of the present subject. The following detailed description is therefore not to be construed as limiting, and the scope of the subject matter herein is defined only by the appended claims.

The detailed description below begins with a definitions section and an introduction to water resources, followed by a description of the modalities and an examples section followed by a brief conclusion.

The term biofuel or biomass as used herein generally refers to organic material grown or collected as a source of energy. Biofuels are originally derived from the process of photosynthesis and are therefore considered a source

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of solar energy. A biofuel is a solid fuel,

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE INDUSTRIAL PROPltDAO Renewable liquid or gaseous derived from relatively recent dead biological material, that is, biomass as distinguished from fossil fuels, which is derived from biological material that is dead for a long time and is not renewable. There are generally considered three types of biofuels, mainly agricultural biofuels (defined below), municipal waste biofuels (garbage or residential and light commercial waste, with most of the recyclable materials such as glass and metal removed) and forest biofuels (for trees, waste, or by-product streams from the wood products, wood fiber, pulp, and paper industries). The biomass is in the form of solid biomass, liquid biomass or gaseous biomass, according to various modalities.

The term "plant biomass" or "lingocellulosic biomass" as used herein is intended to refer to virtually any organic matter derived from plants (woody or non-woody) available for energy on a sustainable basis. Vegetable biomass includes, but is not limited to, agricultural crop waste and residues such as corn residue, wheat straw, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, and the like. Plant biomass also includes, but is not limited to, crops of

INSTTTUTO MEXICANO DE LA MKJMEDAD INDUSTRIAL woody energy, wood waste, and residues such as trees, including fruit trees, such as fruit bearing trees (for example, apple trees, orange trees, and the like), softwood logging , bark waste, sawdust, industrial waste streams of paper and pulp, wood fiber and the like. Additionally, grass crops, such as various prairie grasses, including prairie grass, switch grass, large blue trunk, small blue trunk, side oat grass, and the like, have the potential to be produced on a large scale as sources of additional plant biomass. For urban areas, potential plant biomass feedstock includes corral waste (eg grass clippings, leaves, tree clippings, shrubs, etc.) and plant processing waste. Plant biomass is known to be the most prevalent renewable form of naturally available carbohydrates and corn residues that currently have the largest source of plant biomass currently available in the United States.

The term "surface" as used herein refers to a higher surface of a medium that can be liquid or solid. The surface of a liquid medium can be a solid, a liquid, or a combination of these. The surface of a solid medium can be a solid, a liquid, or a combination of these. A solid surface can be, for

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M la profudal Vj », INDUSTRIAL ^ ·» ι example, an in situ land surface or an in situ land matrix surface.

The term underground as used herein refers to any location below, that is, below a surface. If the surface is an in situ earth surface or an in situ earth matrix surface located on the surface of the planet, that is, on earth such a location is considered as shallow underground that is within the earth greater than a depth below a projected vegetative root zone, even though it is not as deep as in the subsoil, that is, the layer of soil below the upper agricultural layer.

The term "soil" as used herein refers to a solid medium, that is, granular material comprising a biologically active porous medium. The earth is found on, or is part of, the highest surface of the earth's crust and evolves through the erosion of solid materials, such as consolidated rocks, sediments, glacial drains, volcanic ash, minerals deposited by the wind and water and organic matter. Thus, soil may include highly porous and permeable mineral soil, including, but not limited to, oxisols, alphasols, and sandy soil (ie, sand). The sandy soils are also characterized by a texture

<img file="MX344880B_D0010.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO · DE LA PROriEDAi INDUSTRIAL highly permeable coarse as the term is understood in the art.

The term "soil matrix" as used herein refers to any plant growing medium that can include a combination of materials.

The term "root zone" as used herein refers to the portion of the medium that can be penetrated by the roots of the plant. A projected root zone is the maximum expected root zone for a given plant type.

The term "underground retention barrier" or SEB refers to a barrier deposited below a surface, such as underground in the ground or an earth matrix. The barrier can be porous, impermeable or partially impermeable to liquids and is useful for the retention of water and / or nutrients. When installed on the planet's surface, the barrier is located below and close to the projected root zone.

The term "chisel sweep surface" or "chisel sweep" as used herein refers to a surface that curves from one direction to another along its length. Such a curve can be as small as 10 degrees, up to 180 degrees or more, including any interval in between. The curve can be between approximately 80 and 100 degrees, including any

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interval between these.

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The term "film" as used herein refers to a thin material or membrane capable of at least partially retaining liquid.

The term "nutrient" as used herein refers to plant nutrients that include both mineral (primary and secondary macronutrients and micronutrients) and non-mineral nutrients.

Current global use of fresh water averages about 70% for food and fiber production, about 20% for industrial activities, and about 10% for municipal and domestic consumption. The large amounts of water taken into account for food and fiber production are wasted due to poor water retention by sandy and marginally sandy soils. It has been estimated that sandy soil regions require approximately 7 to 17 times more water than is currently used to produce maximum food and fiber yields. Similarly, it has been estimated that sandy land regions retain less than 10% of the rainfall in the root zone between the land surface 60 to 70 cm (cm) below the land surface, with the remaining water draining beyond the root configurations, turning most of the

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ΙΙβΠΤΙΓΓΟ MEXICAN

DELAERO HE DA L (V · '“• Industrial.

part of plant nutrients and pesticides at depths beyond the roots of food and forage crops.

Human population growth and the distribution of population centers stress water resources globally, in both developed and developing nations. Continued population growth, especially at or near current population centers, along with variations in the hydrological cycle related to climatic changes, will continue to stress global water resources.

Soil texture can provide a controlling influence on the quality and quantity of groundwater. For example, because precipitation migrates through the land before recharging groundwater or over-cultivating bodies of water on the surface, the quality of the water is linked to the quality of the land. Similarly, many aspects related to water use and conservation are linked to the efficiency of water use in agriculture and emerging industrial activities in the developing world.

Large areas of land, including more than 23 billion acres of highly permeable land, are located in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Due to the porosity of the earth, quantities are retained

IMPI ^ insufficient water and / or nutrients of the reticular zones of most of the plants to maintain agricultural greens and for sustainable grazing. These water and nutrient deficiencies can be caused by various conditions such as a coarse soil texture, a poor soil structure, a lack of precipitation, or limited available vibration. Water deficits reduce agricultural efficiency and food production, and can have detrimental results, especially when they affect under-developed parts of the world. The Sub-Sahara of Africa, for example, experiences some of the most unfavorable climatic inconsistencies and insufficient availability of water on land, shortening its growing season and limiting its agricultural production.

As the world's population continues to grow, the need to use this marginal land for agricultural purposes becomes more stressful. In many areas, good agricultural land is becoming scarce enough to produce the need for inexpensive and easily applied methods to reclaim sandy and other porous lands, which instead lack sufficient water-holding properties for sustainable agriculture. . Michigan, for example, has over 3 million acres of land that has marginally sandy soil.

The growing world population also faces the issue of a high quality water consumption supply. Rapidly draining rainfall through the land requires large amounts of water to maintain agricultural production and cause irregularities in the hydrological cycle. Additionally, food supplies are becoming less sufficient to feed growing populations, creating more competition for the side needed to grow crops.

Current attempts to provide underground barriers have failed to address these issues. For example, asphalt barriers were developed to remove water precolation at depths below the root zone. However, these barriers also limit root growth through and below underground soil. Additionally, during excessive rainfall, the lower regions of the root zone can become saturated, resulting in disease and root death. Additionally, since asphalt barriers limit root growth below barriers, plants can easily become water-stressed for extended periods between rains and / or supplemental irrigation events.

Still other types of barriers require removal

<img file="MX344880B_D0012.tif" />

manual or machine surface soil before a barrier or barrier system eg asphalt soaked cloths, layers of plant residues or clay materials can be inserted and reclaimed with the previous top soil.

Still other systems for installing flat (strips) of plastic at various depths of the earth lack retaining sides or instead have sides of such a minimum height, that is, an aspect ratio or width to height ratio of less than 1: 4, such as 1: 5 or more, such that retention of water (as well as nutrients and pesticides) is quite minimal due to excessive losses of water to surround the land by gravity and / or capillary action. Such systems have little or no effect on the cultivation of the plants.

Still other attempts include systems without the ability to control precise location and depth. As a result, such systems are prone to improperly installing barriers, including too high (shallow) and / or too low (too deep, such as underground) relative to a projected root zone, as well as too close and / or or too far apart, and the like, all of which can cause a number of undesirable results as described herein.

<img file="MX344880B_D0013.tif" />

Through the use of various modalities of the subject described herein to conserve water resources by retaining water and nutrients in the root zone, most of the marginally sandy soil discussed above becomes highly productive and capable of generating large amounts of commercial crop products, such as various crop types useful as cellulosic biomass for biofuels.

In one embodiment, switchgrass, corn, soybeans, and various fruits and vegetables can be grown in marginally sandy soil with improved water-holding capabilities in the range as low as 40 cm or about 10 *³ mega-Pascals (MPa). In one embodiment, the increased water holding capacities are at least twice the volumes of the water held in the projected root zone, when the underground retention barriers (SRBs) are properly placed below the surface of the earth. In various embodiments, the SRBs described herein, when placed below the earth's surface, can increase food and biomass production by at least 50% and up to about 400% while also providing multiple ecosystem services such as reducing groundwater pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE ΡίΟΠΕΓΆΓ iNwmiAi

In one embodiment the subject matter herein includes an SRB that is compatible with a medium in which it is installed, an SRB dispenser to dispense the SRB, and an implement configured to define an SRB channel, wherein the SRB channel is adapted to to guide the SRB and to implement it, wherein the implement includes a chisel sweep adapted to pass through the ground to temporarily lift the ground to define a cavity in the ground, the cavity has a concave vertical cross section, wherein the implement is adapted to arrange the SRB in the cavity with the SRB having a concave vertical cross section adapted to retain drainage thereof towards the SRB. In one embodiment, SRB is useful for improving fluid retention in the soil.

In various embodiments, one or more SRBs can be placed in situ below a ground surface to enhance plant growth without significantly altering the structure of the ground surface. SRBs can retain at least a portion of the water present in the soil, making it more readily available to plant roots present below the surface of the soil.

The subject of the present provides, in one embodiment, an implement to insert and form an SRB

<img file="MX344880B_D0014.tif" />

to retain water below the surface of the earth.

MEXICAN IMPI TWITUTO DE LA PROEJE DAD INDUSTRIAL

In various embodiments, SRB is deposited below a ground surface and can reduce groundwater contamination and / or increase moisture content near the ground surface, such as root zones of plants. An SRB located below the surface of the earth can also provide increased food and cellulose production, improve the conservation of water resources, the decontamination of pesticides, industrial pollutants and endocrine disrupting compounds, or an improved water quality and Similar. In one embodiment, the SRB may contain spatial configurations for internal ground drainage of saturated groundwater during excess rainfall and may, in some embodiments, be drilled at varying degrees to promote timed drainage in finer textured lands.

Accordingly, in one embodiment a system is provided comprising one or more SRBs, each having a curvilinear configuration and being deposited at one or more depths in the ground, in combination with a plurality of complementary ground implements to continuously install the SRB. without destroying the land above. In one embodiment, the system results in water retention that is from about 180% to about 3005% or greater than control lands without SRB.

<img file="MX344880B_D0015.tif" />

Additionally, the commercial equipment, designed to

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE FNrwjSTRIAL PROPERTY precisely installing the SRBs includes, in a modality, one or more guide systems, such as satellite-based guide systems, to allow the precise application and placement of the posterior passes (after the initial phase) through fields. in the X, Y, and Z positions in a way that maximizes SRB functionality.

Surprisingly, and as demonstrated herein, the use of an SRB that has a curvilinear configuration, such as a U-shaped configuration (eg, concave parabolic, bowl-shaped, profiled, and the like) provides fairly good results. superior to SRBs that are not curvilinear, such as V-shaped barriers, or square-shaped barriers.

The modality shown in Figure 1 is the folding, transferring and placing of a film (FTPC) 113 of a barrier installation device (BID) (See, for example, Figure 2). The FTPC 113 is useful for folding a barrier material, such as a film 104 into a folded curvilinear shape, and then unfolding the film 104 into a curvilinear shape and transferring to subsurface 114 (represented by contour lines 116, which are sectioned at 118) located below a surface 105.

Film 104 moving through FTPC 113 can be controlled by any suitable means. In a

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INBIISTBIAl. In embodiment, the film 104 is connected to any suitable power source (eg, tractor) capable of causing it to advance through the FTPC. In one embodiment, the power source comprises one or more servo motors in a progressive motion device, such as a tractor, capable of operating one or more hydraulic cylinders (hereinafter hydraulic).

Film 104 can be installed to any suitable depth in the medium and the installation depth can be controlled through any suitable means. The desired depth depends on a variety of factors, such as the location of the projected root zone, the type of medium, and the like. In most embodiments, one or more depth locators (ie, an X, Y, Z positioning system) are used to properly position the film 104 (vertically and horizontally) within the medium. In one embodiment shown in Figure 1, a depth locator 103 is used. In one embodiment, the depth locator 103 comprises a wireless positioning system. In one embodiment, the wireless positioning system system is a global positioning system (GPS).

In one embodiment, the positioning system includes a touch sensitive screen, such as a color screen. In one embodiment, display provides the

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mapping information showing variations in altitude — of the area, such as through color. Such a positioning system may have other features as well, including various software, electronic, and user capture devices known to those skilled in the art. Spatial precision allows SRB performance to be maximized by placing it precisely below the surface to allow not only water to be collected and retained at appropriate levels, but also to provide adequate root space in the projected root zone. and so that any excess water is diverted from the SRB.

In one embodiment, a GPS is used which is useful with field level surface drainage, ie a vertical positioning system, as is known in the art. GPS can be based on any suitable number of satellites. In one mode, 7 to 12 satellites are used. Such a positioning system may further include a laser system to improve crop yield through consistent drainage, i.e., a horizontal positioning system for precision row formation, as is also known in the art. In one embodiment, the vertical accuracy is within less than about 3 cm, such as within less than about 2.54 cm, such as within about a cm.

<img file="MX344880B_D0016.tif" />

In one embodiment, the vertical precision (z) is at least 1 cm. In one embodiment, the horizontal precision (x, y) is also within about 1 cm within less than about 3 cm, such as within 1-2 cm. In one embodiment, the horizontal accuracy is within about 1 cm.

In one embodiment, the depth locator 103 additionally comprises a physical positioning system, such as one or more depth control wheels (for example, 1161 in Figure 11) that help maintain the SRB installation at the desired depth. . In one embodiment, an additional component is used to secure the SRB in place, such as one or more pinch wheels (e.g., two slope lock wheel assembly) or ground levelers that move along the surface of the SRB to cover the traces of the progressive motion device (for example, 1151 in Figure 11) or conversely to enclose any gaps created in the middle surface through the progressive motion device that moves through the middle (for example, such as a standard chisel movement through the ground). In one embodiment, as the SRB is being shaped via pressure wheels, the overburden of the earth (the earth removed to form the concave earth cavity) passing through the top of the sweep

<img file="MX344880B_D0017.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DELA PROPERTY

The INDUSTRIAL chisel (for example, 707 in Figures 7A-7G) falls back onto the top of the SRB.

Referring back to Figure 1, in one embodiment, the surface 105 is a ground surface and the FTPC 113 is dimensioned such that the film 104 can be dispensed as it is propelled through the ground. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the FTPC 113 includes a film folding chamber 107, a folded film transfer chamber 108, and a transfer and placement chamber 110. In this embodiment, the FTPC 113 is adapted to transfer film 104 from a roll 102 into the film folding chamber 107 for transportation to the transfer and placement chamber 113 and subsurface installation 105. In this embodiment, the film folding chamber 107 has an opening 106 that is configured to allow film 104 to be dispensed onto the subsurface 114 as a curved non-planar SRB 153, that is, an SRB having side walls. curves relative to the lower portion of less than 90 degrees and capable of supporting / retaining fluids for a period of time (eg, weeks or months).

In one embodiment, aperture 106 has a plurality of curved surfaces. In the particular embodiment shown in Figure 1, the aperture 106 has a cordate shape, that is, a heart-shaped profile, such that it is defined, in part, by a cusp 109 located on the first side of the film. 104 which is opposite a vertex (not shown) located on the second opposite side of the film 104.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the film folding chamber 107 extends into and is contiguous with the folded film transfer chamber 108. The folded film transfer chamber 108 forms a portion of a surface, such as a chisel sweep 111 which, in this embodiment, bends at approximately 90 degrees from substantially vertical to substantially horizontal and further includes a crease, such as a approximately a 45 degree bend which allows the folded film 104 to open from the deposition in the middle 118 as a barrier having a curvilinear configuration. In this form, the STPC 113 has a three-dimensional J-shape, thereby allowing the film 104 to remain folded as it passes through the folded film transfer chamber 108 and opens after exiting the transfer and placement chamber 110. . A front area 117 of the folded film transfer chamber 108 may be contiguous with an exit region 112 of the transfer and placement chamber 14 0 such that an entire front area of ​​the FTPC 113 (comprising exit region 112 and the front area 117 of the folded film transfer chamber

<img file="MX344880B_D0018.tif" />

108) is reduced in size in the direction of travel.

INSTITUTO MEXICAN DE LA PKOFTEDAI INDUSTRIAL

In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the folded film transfer chamber 108 is contiguous with the transfer and placement chamber 110 which itself extends into the exit region.

112. The shape of the exit region 112 determines the shape of the film 104 after installation below the surface 105, that is, the film 104 substantially conforms the shape of the exit region.

112 according to FTPC 103.

In one embodiment, a cross section of an installed film 104 is concave, opening up the top surface 105. In one embodiment, the cross-section of the film 104 is similar to the cross-section of the shallow bowl, i.e., bowl-shaped). In one embodiment, the shape of subsurface 114 is dictated by a base 119 of the sweep of chisel 111.

Folding and then unfolding the film 104 in this shape allows the transport of the film 104 from the roll 102 to a desired position below the surface 105 without requiring that a BID 100 be as wide in the direction of travel as the film 104 is. wide.

In one embodiment, the SRB 153 comprised of film 104 can be covered with the medium within which it is positioned. (See, for example, Figure 3) as it is

<img file="MX344880B_D0019.tif" />

supplying from IDB 100 to subsurface 114.

In some embodiments, the SRB can also be covered with a subsurface tape made of any suitable material and containing holes that allow the collected water to leak out in a controlled manner into the SRB installed below. Such tape can be particularly useful in arid environments. In one embodiment, a cultivating chisel device is designed to install the sub-irrigation tape approximately 5.1 to 10.2 cm (approximately 2-4 inches) below the surface of the soil. In one embodiment, the subsurface tape remains in place for more than 1 year, such as 2 to 3 years, before being removed and replaced.

The modality shown in Figure 2 is a BID 2 00 that contains an FTPC 213 surrounded by a pointed shoe 240. The BID 200 can be attached to any suitable structure 203 and be powered through any suitable power source 201. The BID 200 it supports low energy applications, such as applications using less than approximately 180 hp, although the subject matter here is not limited. In one embodiment the energy source 201 is any type of self powered vehicle, such as other lawn or farm equipment, or one or more animals. In one embodiment, frame 203 is a grower standard and power source 2 01 is a

<img file="MX344880B_D0020.tif" />

IMPI Mexican institute Di U «OMEDAÍ? INDUSTRMI.

tractor. __________

In various embodiments, drawbars (eg 704 in Figures 7A-7G) equipped with multiple BIDs are driven through one or more animals or tractors. Various modalities install SRB through commercial fields. Smaller individual BID units, installed using animal power, install SRBs on sandy soils on small farms in developing countries. Additional SRB attachments include vertical attachments for vertical application SRB installations such as to protect fresh water sources from the flow of contaminated soil plumes.

Referring back to Figure 2, the BID 200 has fewer moving parts that reduce the frictional resistance of a film 204 as it passes through the device. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the BID 200 has a pointed shoe 240 with a leading edge or point 251, such as a substantially pointed point, as shown in Figure 2. Tip 251 can have any suitable shape as desired for a particular application, such as a curvilinear tip, a square tip, and the like. In one embodiment, tip 251 may be replaced to compensate for wear and / or to provide alternative configurations to vary the size and shape of a cavity in the middle 218 and / or to

IMPI®

INSTITUTE MEX'.CaNv

Dt lA FROnSUAl INN'I'TUIAI - take into account different types (eg, different readings, particle sizes, range of particle sizes, etc.).

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the pointed shoe 240 extends from the point 251 to a pointed shoe exit region 214 in a continuously expanding curvilinear shape, such as a wedge shape or U shape. The exit region The pointed shoe 214 is disposed along a curvilinear portion 252B of the pointed shoe 240. This pointed shoe exit region 214 may substantially surround the exit region 212 of the BID 200 as shown.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the pointed shoe 24 0 is in the shape of a half cone or a split cone that is, a shape that results when a cone is cut along its main axis to produce a substantially flat portion. 252A and the curvilinear portion 252B. In this embodiment, the substantially flat portion 252A is substantially parallel to and oriented towards the surface of the medium 105 to allow the medium 208 to be present below the surface, e.g., the earth, to be temporarily suspended, i.e. during long enough to allow a cavity to be created and the barrier to install through the BID 200 moving in the direction shown.

<img file="MX344880B_D0021.tif" />

<img file="MX344880B_D0022.tif" />

τΛ'ζΤΙ'ΤνίΟ Mexican ¹ FROM Ι Α MiSWEDAO INDUSTRIAL

In the embodiment shown in Figure 2 urja. «.. w '·« · ”“ opening 246 having a plurality of curved surfaces (which may be in addition to the cordate opening in the film folding chamber, for example, 107 in Figure 1) it is defined within transfer and placement chamber 210.

In use, the film 204 exits the exit portion 206 of the transfer and placement chamber 210, which also has a plurality of curved surfaces and unfolds in the magnification transfer and placement chamber 210 that may be substantially parallel to the curvilinear portion 252B of the pointed shoe 240.

Film 204, which is deposited on medium 218 creates an SRB 253 for moisture and / or nutrients and / or other desirable components that improve medium quality and / or improve cultivation and cultivation and plant quality. SRBs that are installed too shallow relative to the root zone of the plants above can cause anaerobic conditions to develop over extended periods of time. Such anaerobic conditions develop when the degree of oxygen diffusion drops in soils containing excess water to or near the SRB. SRBs installed too shallow, i.e. too close to the lower portion of the root zone, can also cause more oxygen stresses to the plant roots as compared to SRBs installed

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE EA TROPIÍDAD INreSTRIAI.

appropriately, that is, generally at least a few centimeters to several centimeters below the lowest roots in the root zone, including during periods of extensive rainfall.

Additional problems of SRBs installed too shallow include the generation of excessively low matrix potential water at the earth's surface, by capillarity, which easily evaporates. Additionally, during excessive rainfall, the small reservoir capacity of SRBs installed too shallow can cause flooding, which removes oxygen from the root systems for at least 30 hours.

Additionally, an SRB that is too shallow can reduce the oxygen diffusion rate on land. If the diffusion rate of oxygen in the earth decreases to less than about 24 x 10 '⁸ g cm-2 min-1, overall plant health and growth decrease. Too shallow SRB can also become a physical impediment to root growth, thus producing abnormal geometric distributions that interfere with water and nutrient absorption and fostered root diseases.

Figure 3 shows the device of Figure 2 in use, according to some modalities. A film 304 is supplied from the pointed shoe 350 in a ml ur »riK / l'ltUAV, curvilinear configuration to form an SRB 353 dfüé '^ dfes

INSTITUTO MEXICA Ν 'i DE LA PHOriSUAO. . ·% · Is covered by a 218 medium. SRB 353 SS Installs a'-tuaa— appropriate depth (relative to a root zone) so as not to cause the aforementioned issues.

Referring back to Figure 1, one or more rolls 102 containing various amounts of film 104, such as about 914 m to about 1524 m (3,000 to about 5,000 feet) of modified polyethylene film are used. In one embodiment, the film 104 contains any of 0 to 5 (or more) small circular perforations of approximately 1.6mm to 6.4mm in diameter by 929cm.² (from about 0.17 to about 0.25 inches in diameter per square foot) and can be installed to any desired depth below a surface, such as on the order of millimeters (mm) below a surface, up to several meters, but not within from the sub-earth. In one embodiment, the film 104 is installed between about 2 and about 30 cm below a surface, including any interval between these. In one embodiment, the film 104 is installed at least 30 cm and up to about 70 cm, including any interval between these. In one embodiment, roll 104 is coupled to the BID (eg 400) near the inlet of the film folding, transfer and placing chamber (FTPC) eg 113 in Figure 1).

IMPI ^

MEXICAN INSmVTO

DE LA MOMBDAO INWUSTRJAL - «LS

Film 104 can be folded into any suitable configuration, such as a U-shaped configuration, prior to and / or during transportation to the inner region of the BID (eg, 400) proximate the elongated chamber. In embodiments containing the chisel sweep 111 (Figure 1), the configuration of the FTPC (e.g. 103) can open the film in an SRB in a suitable way, such as a bowl-shaped FRB, which is deposited in a medium that is pre-configured in the same way. In some embodiments, the film folding chamber 107 is external to the BID (eg, 400) and passes through an upper surface of the chisel sweep 111.

In one embodiment, the profiled, bowl-shaped chisel sweep base 119 (eg, 111) can support the lifting of the medium 108 onto the outer surface. In one embodiment, this configuration reduces drawbar power requirements as well as forms the desired shaped medial platform on which the fabricated SRB is applied (See Figure 2). In one embodiment, the medium 118 (eg, soil) falling to the rear of the chisel sweep 111 falls onto the SRB in a bowl shape, allowing the SRB to be installed to the desired depth (see, Figure 2). Such aspect ratios from length to width to depth of the chisel sweep 111 combined with a forming base 119 (e.g., bowl former)

<img file="MX344880B_D0023.tif" />

include a 3-to-1 ratio of length to width of chisel sweep 111 combined with an integral of the lift angle of chisel sweep 111 from front point of chisel sweep 111 to the rear end.

In one embodiment, a process for installing the SRB through a film transfer and placement chamber (FTCP) is provided, which includes an integrated chamber assembly, which in some embodiments is located directly behind a standard of the main grower. of a chisel assembly. The energy to install the SRB can be developed through the progressive movement of the progressive movement device (self-powered vehicle, animal, animals, etc.), as it moves through the land. Any suitable amount of film can be dispensed at the beginning of the installation process to allow the film to connect with the medium to the desired depth. In one embodiment, approximately 0.9 to 1.8 m (approximately 1-2 yards) are dispensed. In one embodiment, the depth of the installed film can be controlled through depth control wheels located on the surface and coupled to any portion of the forward motion device, such as a drawbar (see Figure 11).

As the progressive motion device moves forward, the outer length of the film

<img file="MX344880B_D0024.tif" />

helps to push the movie through the FTPC to it

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

DT LA PROP1T.DAO INDUSTRIAL speed as the speed of the progressive movement device, such as a tractor. In one embodiment, at the end of each field pass, the chisel assembly can be raised as the progressive motion device continues to move until the progressive motion device is in position to install additional film as a rear barrier, at which point the Chisel assembly can be lowered again.

The film can be installed to any suitable depth, such as approximately 7.6 cm to approximately 15.2 cm (3-6 inches) below a surface of the ground. In this way, with the initial length of the film, such as approximately 0.9 to 1-8 m (1-2 yards), it establishes the flow of the film during the next pass through the field. In one embodiment, as the rolls of film are exhausted, the progressive motion device can be stopped to allow the user to replace the exhausted roll with a new roll, with the end of the new roll and starting the new roll spliced ​​or clamped together secured to through any suitable means, such as double-sided tape, for example a polyethylene tape, before continuing through the field. In one embodiment, the progressive motion device has an energy scale between approximately 35 and 50 HP

<img file="MX344880B_D0025.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MLXICANv DE Ι.Λ RRQHEDAl 'INDUSTRIAL (25 kW to 37 kW).

Figures 4-6 show a perspective view, a top view, and a side view, respectively, of another alternative BID 400 according to various embodiments modified to produce barriers having a width to depth ratio of at least 2: 1 (as measured from the deepest portion of the barrier, that is, substantially to the center line of the barrier). The BID 400 includes a primary standard 402 connected to a BID implement structure 412, a first film transport chamber 404, which includes an internal film fold area 4 06, and a pointed shoe 4 08 having a pointed point 410.

The BID 400 configuration is useful for optimal results in a variety of soil types at a variety of depths and plant types. In one embodiment, an adjusted damper (not shown) connected to the BID 400 precisely controls the configuration and placement of the SWB. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio and / or configuration of the assembly 16 can be altered to reduce the ground energy for driving through different types of ground.

In one mode multiple BIDs are used (eg 400). In one mode, 2 or more, such as 3, 4, 5o

BIDs are attached to a drawbar (e.g. 704 in ⁴² IMPI ^

INSTITUTE Μ EXICA Ν &lt;

OF ΙΑ EROMEDAD 'CU-J *

INDUSTRY!

Figures 7A-7G). In one embodiment, the BID -e »dioposen, in a configuration in which the SRB deeper than 5 to 8 cm is installed, deeper than one or more shallow SRBs. In various modalities, multiple BIDs are at depths compensated to arrange multiple SRBs at different depths.

Figures 7A-7GA are a perspective view of an alternate BID 700 comprising an FTPC 703 coupled to a 704 drawbar and a 705 primary cultivator standard having a 707 chisel sweep with an opening through which it is Extends FTPC 703.

The BID 700 operates in a manner comparable to the BID 100 described in Figure 1. In one embodiment, the BID 700 can install the SRB of any desired width, depth and length. The BID 700 can be inserted into a surface of the ground at the beginning and raised at the end of each pass through the field. In one mode, the SRB 7 53 is approximately 10-15 inches (25.4 to 38.1 cm) wide and 48 inches (10.2 to 20.3 cm) to approximately 12 inches (43 cm) wide and 6 inches (15 cm) deep. can be installed. In one embodiment, the SRBs are installed at different depths (for example, Figure 9B) with the BID (for example 400) installed in a deeper SRB that installs before, or after, the shallowest SRB.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 7A-7GA, the

<img file="MX344880B_D0026.tif" />

BID 700 comprises a roll of film 701 supported by a retainer 702 that retains, dispenses and controls the twisting force of film 752 of any length. In one embodiment, the 701 film roll is between approximately 1,000 m and 2,000 m, such as approximately 1,500 m, or 609 m to 914 m (2,000 to 3,000 ft) or approximately 1524 m (5,000 ft) in length and approximately 35 cm to 45 cm (14-18 inches) wide. If longer continuous rolls of 701 film are desired, the installation process is stopped and a new roll of 701 film is added. In one embodiment, the 752 film has a thickness in the range of approximately 1.6 mils (25.4 pm to 152 pm ).

In certain embodiments, the film 752 is loosely folded into a folded curvilinear pattern which, in one embodiment, is a folded cordiform configuration. The film 752 is then conveyed to a cavity opening device 756 located at the lower end of a BID (eg, 200). In various embodiments, the SRBs are reopened into a butterfly shape and pressed onto the concave ground cavity that is being formed below the chisel sweep 707. In one embodiment, the front surface of the main shaft 720 is a surface 708 arrowhead cutter, molded to facilitate ground slot openings

<img file="MX344880B_D0027.tif" />

vertical wide enough to protect the channel from

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Df. THE INDUSTRIAL REHEUAU crease and supply of film 706, located directly behind and coupled to main shaft 701, is transferred to film 752 through a chisel sweep 707.

Various embodiments may include a piercing device to cut through film 752 for discontinuous installation at the end of each large field application pass, film 752 may also be manually cut at the ends of the field and further cut to a desired depth below the surface of the earth, such as between about 15 and 25 cm, such as about 20 cm below the surface of the earth. The end of the new roll of film 701 may overlap the end of the old roll of film 701 by any suitable amount, such as between about 5 and 15 cm, such as about 10 cm. Film 152 can be moved through FTPC 700 at any suitable speed. In one embodiment, the 752 film is moved in a downward direction by approximately 30.5 to 121.9 cm (1-4 feet) such as approximately 61 to 01.4 cm (2-3 feet), such as approximately 0.7 m (2.3 feet). per second, for example through film channel 754. Some modes are dispensed at speeds of up to 1.2 m / s (4 feet per second).

The 707 chisel sweep can be any

<img file="MX344880B_D0028.tif" />

proper size and shape. In one embodiment, the chisel sweep 707 is approximately 15 inches (38 cm) wide and 22 inches (56 cm) long. Chisel sweep 707 is designed to open a cavity approximately 3 to 7 cm of soil at the preselected depth. Chisel sweep 707 includes a cutting leading edge tip 710 that forms a variably shaped temporary ground cavity below chisel sweep 707 and an edge of chisel sweep 758. The leading edge cutting tip 710 lifts the soil to accept the film 752 being brought down behind a 72 0 main axis of the cultivator standard 705 that guides the chisel bar 707. In various modes the chisel sweep 707 is equipped with interchangeable tips.

Any suitable primary cultivator standard 705 can be used. In one embodiment, the 705 primary cultivator standard is constructed of steel in a 5.1 x 22.9 cm (2 x 9 inch) high tension channel containing a central cavity. In one embodiment, the standard primary cultivator 705 is approximately 101 cm (40 inches) long, welded to a chisel sweep 707, and clamped to drawbar 704.

Any suitable drawbar power can be used. In one mode, the energy of the iNSTiwrc mixicanc REÍA CURRENCY INnVSTfílAL traction bar is in the range of 30 to 75 horsepower (HP) (22.37 to 55.92KW) per unit BID, depending on the texture of the soil, the content of water and the depth of the installation. In one mode, the BID is propelled through a vehicle at speeds of between approximately 3.2 to approximately 8 km / hr (2 to 5 mph), although the subject is not limited. In one mode, the horsepower per BID unit is higher, such as greater than 75 HP (22.37 to 55.92KW) up to about 100 HP (22.37 to 55.92KW). As the BID 700 moves through the soil, the chisel sweep 707 may develop a gap, such as a gap of about 5 to about 6 cm, between the undisturbed and unspoiled soil. In one embodiment, the chisel sweep 707 has a leading edge tip 710 that is concave and is adapted to create a concave parabolic cavity to be filled with an SRB 753.

In one embodiment the soil may be lifted from about 3 to about 7 cm or more, such as about 5 cm, and carried along the top of the chisel sweep 707 and redistributed as it is subjected to a flanged bed 708 located at along the rear end of the 707 chisel sweep. The flanged bed may comprise, for example, vertically positioned metal bars welded to the top of the rear end of chisel sweep 707 to prepare the

<img file="MX344880B_D0029.tif" />

IMPI r ίτπ u re himímc Dt LA FSOHHMtl mOUSTXlAL soil raised and possibly compressed into smaller grains that cover the SRB substantially evenly. In this way, an array of separate ground materials is formed that falls into the newly formed SRB before the two sides of the SRB 753 are exposed to the falling soil, forming a substantially U-shaped SRB 753.

Some modalities include SRB geometries for maximized improved groundwater retention, storage, and transfer. In certain embodiments, the SRBs are layered in two cascades with lower cascades of SRB in concave shapes, overlapping the shadows of the upper SRBs, such as by 2.5 cm. In various embodiments, the overlap is at prescribed depths. In certain embodiments, the overlap is created using multiple implements attached to tension rod 704 similar to commercially available deep tillage three point implement tension rods.

In one embodiment, the algorithms developed for the method's soil / crop / climates model and system for soil using sustainability (Salus) can be used to strategically install the SRB at a desired depth and spatial distribution at a specific location on the site.

Figures 7B-7G are cross-sections of the BID of Figure 7A taken along different lines of a

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Of. tA PKOMfDAD INDUSTRIAL Example implement that is used to position SRBs of various geometries below a ground surface, each of which shows film 752, the supply channel and in Figures 7B-7F the cut-off surface 708 of the main axis 720 of primary cultivator standard 705. Figure 7G, taken along lines 7G-7G, shows film 752 and chisel sweep 707.

Figure 8 illustrates a series of SRBs in a configuration adapted to grow and store water in underground reservoirs. SRBs can be installed as repeating double layer cascades, or multi-step cascades down the hills as stratified SRBs that run substantially perpendicular to the slope of surface topography to maximize the reception and transport of small amounts of precipitation to underground deposits in regions arid. In one embodiment the SRBs transport water downward at an incline 802 to a larger underground reservoir 804. An underground reservoir 804 removes the breeding grounds for insect vectors of human and animal diseases, eg, malaria, dengue fever. , elephantiasis, and the like, as well as plant diseases. In one embodiment the SRBs are installed in artisan wells (not shown) in proximity to and below the 804 underground reservoir. In one embodiment, any type of process is used.

<img file="MX344880B_D0030.tif" />

water purification together with one or more SRBs.

<img file="MX344880B_D0031.tif" />

In one embodiment, the medium is soil or a soil matrix and the depth of the SRB installation is determined by the texture of the medium. In one embodiment, the depth of the SRB is approximately 10 cm (4 inches) deeper than the maximum height of the capillary rising above the free water surface. Capillary elevation can be determined by any suitable method. In one modality, the capillary is raised by several by recording the height of the water in plastic columns and measuring the difference in height between dry and humid land that allows the determination of the mass of the water, the density in volume, volumetric water content and porosity.

In one embodiment, computer data including GPS reports of crops harvested during the recent years, for example, (the last 3-5 years) are associated with topographic maps of fields for use with the SRB system. The result is used to determine patterns along which SRBs should be planted at the growing site. In various embodiments, this data is incorporated into a GPS guidance system that has high precision, such as from or about 2.5 cm to 5 cm (12 inches). In one embodiment, the GPS guidance system is installed in a vehicle used to drive an implement that contains more than one BID unit, such as 3 to 5 BID units. In some modalities, a piece of equipment that has four BID units is capable of installing 10 to 12 acres (4.05 to 4.86 hectares) for an 8-hour day. Any suitable number of satellites can be used for GPS guidance. In one embodiment, between about 7 and 12 satellites are used.

In one embodiment the SRB is a flexible non-biological membrane (hereinafter referred to as membrane) (for example, artificial membrane, such as a polymeric membrane or liquid membrane) that can be installed at any desired depth below a surface, such as a surface. of Earth. In one embodiment, the membrane is provided with a continuous source, such as a roll of material. In one embodiment, the membrane is a profiled modified polyethylene membrane (CEPEM).

The SRB can have any suitable properties as desired for the particular application. In one embodiment, the SRB has almost zero water permeation. In one embodiment, the SRB provides prescriptive ground-based permeability in one direction and / or in selected regions of the SRB. SRB can be made to any suitable thickness depending on the particular application. In one embodiment, the SRB is impregnated with one or more inhibitors useful to resist penetration of

WICKED

INSTITUTE MtXiO Vt r * la fRomiw? INrXfSTRIM.

meiofauna or roots in the earth.

The SRB can be a film or a film-forming liquid. In some embodiments, the SRB is formed from a poly-formulated material, but the subject matter here is not limited. Inorganic polyformulated biodegraded materials are contemplated. In some embodiments, the film is formed as a preconfigured geometry of materials. Some of these materials include organic materials. In one embodiment, the SRB is formed, at least partially, from a polymer (eg, polyethylene (PE)).

In one embodiment, the SRB is a film made, at least partially, of a high starch polymer. The high starch polymer can be partially or completely degradable in a natural environment and process many desirable characteristics of oily polymer plastic films, such as temperature resistance, durability and, in some embodiments, water resistance.

A high starch polymer film can be made using traditional plastic extrusion machines. In one embodiment, the high-starch polymeric film is made from a highly biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), such as partially or fully biodegradable PVOH that is compatible with starch. In one embodiment, two ingredients are mixed with an optional elastic enhancer and an agent.

IMPI »?

INSTITUTE ΜΕΧ1 ·&gt; Ν&gt; · ^^ * 88 ^ «* ^

M LA iSVIf · '' IHITUSTIU * ·.

complementary to improve the stability and durability of the products. In one embodiment, during the mixing and heating process, the molecular structures of the starch are randomly distributed. The randomly distributed starch molecules, PVOH, elasticity enhancer, and complement can, in one embodiment, undergo a co-polymerization process. In one embodiment, mixing is extruded at a temperature above the crystallization temperature of the starch molecules to form a first stage product, such as granules. In one embodiment, the granules are extruded into films using a plastic film extruder. SRB embodiments provide a partially or fully biodegradable high-starch polymer film as an alternative to oily polymer plastics.

The various ingredients of the high starch polymer can be combined in any suitable ratio. In one embodiment, the high starch polymer contains PVOH starch and an elastic enhancer in the following weight distribution ratios:

to. Starch 10-20

b. PVOH 5-13.3

c. Elasticity enhancer 3.3-13.3

In particular modalities, the proportion and weight distribution are:

<img file="MX344880B_D0032.tif" />

to. Starch 10-14

b. PVOH 5.3-10 '

c. Elasticity enhancer 5-7.5

In some embodiments, the additional supplemental agent can be used in the manufacture of a high starch polymer. In one embodiment, the respective weight distribution ratio is:

to. Starch 10-20

b. PVOH 5-13.3

c. Elasticity enhancer 3.3-13.3

d. Complementary agent 0.3-2

In a particular mode, the optimal weight distribution ratio is:

to. Starch 10-14

b. PVOH 5.3-10.3

c. Elasticity enhancer 5-7.5

d. Complementary agent 0.5-1.5

The starch used in some embodiments contains more than 20% amylase, such as cornstarch, chemically modified starch, and oxidized starch, or mixtures thereof.

The degree of POVH alcohol used in some modalities varies according to the types of SRB desired. In some embodiments PVOH with 88% alcoholysis is used to produce SRBs that are soluble in water. PVOH with

<img file="MX344880B_D0033.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEjUCANt, Say LA PHCMSDAI? INDUSTFIAL alcoholysis less than 50% is used in some modalities to produce SRBs that are soluble in water. The optimal PVOH has a polymerization index greater than about 1000.

The elasticity enhancer used in some modalities is made from a mixture of polyols, polyglycols and water, with the respective weight distribution ratio of [10-18.6]: [2.9-8.6]: [5.7-14.3]. Optimal polyols are glycol, propandiol, glycerol, or sorbitol. The optimal polyglycol has a molecule size of 200-600.

The supplemental agent is made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), ethylene acrylic acid (EAA), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Their respective weights in percentage are PVA 20-30%, EVOH 18-29%, EAA 17-28% and PMMA 15-35%. The optimal percentage is PVA 23-28%, EVOH 21-25%, EAA 21-26% and PMMA 22-28%.

The film can be of any suitable thickness that allows movement of the film during installation so that a resistance less than the elasticity of the film occurs. Thicker films create greater strength and are more expensive. However, if the film is too thin, it may not hold as desired. Generally, the more surface area of ​​the film touches the BID steel as the film moves to

<img file="MX344880B_D0034.tif" />

across the device, the higher the rp.qishpnnia. In one embodiment, the BID is sized to allow the film to transfer without bunching or drifting to one side or the other of the channel in which it is traveling. In one embodiment, the film is between approximately 1.4 and 1.6 mm. In one embodiment, the film is no larger than about 1.5mm.

The installed SRB can be of any suitable shape. In some embodiments, the SRB is sized, shaped, or otherwise adapted to improve soil water retention and other desirable characteristics. Some modalities are porous, but the subject of the present is not limited. Some modalities have an underground life in excess of 50 years. Advantageously, the use of a preformed SRB as an SRB allows for easy on-site placement without requiring elevated temperatures or specialized spray equipment. For example, as a soil displacement tool, such as a wedge-shaped chisel or plow, moves through the earth in a first direction, a displacement cavity is continuously formed with an SRB unwound and placed therein. Subsequently, as the tool continues to move forward backward from the ground, the SRB-lined cavity is continuously closed through the free flow of soil supported above the cavity.

The cavity can be any of several

<img file="MX344880B_D0035.tif" />

settings. In one embodiment, the cavity is a well open to the atmosphere. In one embodiment, the cavity is a boxed underground cavity partially defined by the medium disposed around the cavity such that the cavity does not partially or fully open to the surface of the medium. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the cavity may be tunnel-shaped and extend through the medium below the median surface ie closed from the atmosphere above the median surface. In one embodiment, the cavity is partially tunnel-shaped such that the hole or slot extends between the surface of the medium and the cavity, with the hole or slot having a hole or slot area along a section. cross section parallel to the surface of the medium that is less than the cross section of the cavity taken parallel to the surface of the medium.

For one embodiment, the water retention means is formed in situ at a preselected sub-surface depth. In one embodiment, SRBs establish an artificial water table and control the downward migration of water in the porous soil, and also optionally control the upward migration of water in the land.

Figures 9A-9E illustrate cross-sectional views of the SRB configuration in various embodiments. SRBs are within different soil textures and climates to⁵⁷ IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE PROnSOAD

INDUSTRIAL ** 21- ^ · artificially inhibit the migration of water, nutrients and / or pesticides in those respective ones, according to some modalities. One or more SRBs are installed at various depths of the earth and spatial patterns, which maintain improved or optimized site-specific hydropedological water regimes in plant rhizospheres without flooding the entire land area, regardless of maximum or minimum precipitation events or irrigation index. The SRBs in some modalities are around 80 cm below ground, in a pre-selected pattern, but other modalities are possible, as stated herein.

In one embodiment, the SRBs are configured in the form of U-shaped liners, which are optionally perforated and adapted to the water content of the drained soil below saturation levels, such as within about 3 to about 5 days. . In one embodiment, SRBs are configured in a staggered configuration to prevent flooding of the land during periods of wet spring rain, despite maximizing water-bearing capacities for larger ground water supplies during prolonged droughts. (see, for example, Figure 10A), although anaerobic sites that promote the production of greenhouse gases are minimized. In some modalities, the SRBs are separated into several

<img file="MX344880B_D0036.tif" />

depths for maximum capillary supply capacity for root systems on the scale of the seedling to mature stage of plant growth. In one embodiment, this mode is approximately 70 to 75 cm, 5 although the subject is not thus limited.

In one embodiment, SRBs can be placed below the earth's surface through full lengths of large and small fields, at depths that provide adequate soil solutions to seedling LO roots and mature plants through capillary uplift. .

In one embodiment, SRBs are placed at multiple distances from each other at two or more depths across the field depending, in part, on the type of saw and the rotations of the crop system (see, for example, Figures 4 and 10A). .

Figure 9A is a cross-sectional view of an SRB configuration comprising a series of overlapping curvilinear SRBs in contact with each other at multiple depths below a surface, which may be useful at shallower depths such as depths of about 40 cm. (cm) to about cm. This SRB configuration provides higher water holding capabilities for use in lowland and shell root plantations on sandy soils. A plurality of SRBs of a first width includes 25 SRBs that overlap and touch each other. By

<img file="MX344880B_D0037.tif" />

IMPI iNfttTVTO MEXICANA DE LA ΠΙΟΡΙΕ9ΑΟ industrial example, in a plan view, a first layer includes SRBs separated with spaces between them. A second layer of film layers of approximately the same width is arranged below the first layer and extends between the gaps. In some cases the SRBs of the second layer extend through the spaces, beyond the spaces and are wider than the spaces. In some embodiments, each SRB of the second layer touches an SRB of the first layer.

Figure 9B is a cross-sectional view of a series of curvilinear SRBs that overlap (not in contact) at multiple depths below the surface, which may be useful at depths deeper than the depths of the SRB configuration of Figure 9A, such as depths from about 50 cm to about 80 cm. This SRB configuration provides increased water retention for lowland plantings in sandy soils in arid regions. For example, in a plan view, a first layer includes SRBs separated by a width, with spaces between them. A second layer includes SRBs of approximately the same width arranged below the first layer and extending in spaces. In some cases, the second layer SRBs extend exactly across the gaps and do not overlap with the first layer SRB in plan view. In some embodiments, each SRB of the first layer is separated from the SRB of the second

<img file="MX344880B_D0038.tif" />

layer and does not touch it, allowing water to flow through the spaces within the SRBs of the first layer and the second layer.

Figure 9C is a cross-sectional view of a series of non-overlapping curvilinear SRBs at substantially the same depth below a surface, which may be useful at depths deeper than the depths of the SRB configuration of Figure 9B, such as depths approximately 89 cm or more. This SRB configuration provides greater water retention for increased water retention capabilities for upland plantings of fine-textured soil row crops in humid regions, according to some modalities. For example, in a plan view, the first layer includes separate SRBs, with space between them.

Figure 9D is a cross-sectional view of a series of non-overlapping (non-contacting) curvilinear SRBs at substantially the same depth below one surface. In various embodiments, SRBs configured in this way can be waterproof. In one embodiment, SRBs are non-toxic, not consumed by microbial biota or meiofauna, they do not decompose within the moisture and darkness of the earth. In one embodiment, each SRB touches a first layer SRB. In one embodiment, SRBs are corrugated for humid to semi-arid regions with the

<img file="MX344880B_D0039.tif" />

complementary irrigation to compensate for rainfall in

IMPI INSTITUTE MFJ «CANO oe la noriF.» In INDUSTRIAL excess.

Figure 9E is a cross-sectional view of the SRBs at multiple depths in an overlapping SRB configuration that includes a narrow SRB buried at a depth than the first and two wide SRBs buried at a shallower depth with the SRB narrow by under a seam between the shallower wide SRBs. In this embodiment, therefore, a plurality of SRBs overlap each other and touch each other. For example, in a plan view, a first layer includes separate SRBs, with gaps in between, and a second layer arranged below the first layer that extends between the gaps, and in some cases extends beyond the gaps. . In one embodiment, the pattern of Figure 9E is used in dry and precise complementary elevation regions.

Figures 10A and 10B provide schematic illustrations of possible SRB configurations at a location below the earth's surface. Figure 10A is a cross-sectional view of a root zone containing a series of overlapping (non-contacting) curvilinear SRBs 1080 at multiple depths below a surface. Figure 10B is a cross-sectional view of a root zone containing a series of overlapping non-square U-shaped SRBs (not in⁶² IMPI ^

INSTITUTO .JXAICANO Λ? · * ® by: a reow &lt;p * c&gt;

(NWSTTIAI.

contact) 1090 at multiple depths below a surface, which, as noted below, does not also function like the curvilinear SRB 1080 shown in Figure 10Ά.

The 1080 SRBs in Figure 10A are placed below and between rows of plants so that roots grow in areas of soil that retain the highest water content 260, soils that are more humid 254, and more natural well-drained soils that have a lower water content 252 in a form that provides suitable soil solutions rich in applied nutrients, such as regions 260, 250, 254. Land areas 258 and 262 represent the driest land regions, which are dry land, which is the driest land due to evaporation and extraction of plant roots. Land area 260 represents the wettest soil in the root zone, held directly above SRB 1080.

In the embodiment shown in Figure 10A, the SRB 1080s have a deep bowl shape, such that the ratio of the bowl width to the lowest portion of the SRB 1080 taken at the center line is no less than about 2: 1 , for example 30 to 15 cm (12-6 inches). As plants mature, roots growing in drier soil (252, 254) absorb more nutrients below the barriers in the soil profile. The

IMPI ^

INSTITUTE MiiXlCARK '

ΩΓ LA ITO'IIUAI »» · (tjt '.- stpiái ^ Reproduction of greenhouse gases NO₂ and CH3 is reduced by minimizing anoxic zones in rhizospheres where water content is appropriately controlled by the size and frequency of the drain pores in the SRB.

Surprisingly, the curvilinear shaped barrier further retains the desired amount of water and nutrients, losing no more than 5 to about 8% absorption as a result of the elevation of capillary water from saturated or near-saturated regions within the barrier. In one embodiment, the aspect ratio (width: height) is greater than about 4: 1 to about 1.5: 1, such as between about 2.5: 1 to about 1.5: 1. In one embodiment, the aspect ratio is at least about 2: 1. An aspect ratio in this range can retain the desired amounts of water for reduced following conditions, and still provide adequate drainage for nearby barriers that may be located above, below and / or on either side.

As noted herein, the gaps in the barriers should not be too large or too small. In one embodiment, the separation range is between about 5 to about 50% of the height of the barrier, although the subject matter herein is not limited. For example, for a barrier that has a width of approximately 12 inches (30.5 cm) and a height of

IMPI ^

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OE!, A ΕΚΟΡΙΕΟαΟ,, i -. indijstjual .T'SSEj!

about 15.24 cm (6 inches) the separation of the barrier can be from about 1.5 to about SamenEe 7.6 cm (0.6-3 inches). Such a separation may be suitable to increase plant yields by up to about 40% or more, such as about 50%. In one embodiment, green pepper and tomato production increased from about 40 to about 50%. The increase in particular production also depends on the total rainfall. In wetter seasons rather than average yield, production can be as high as during dry growing seasons.

Figure 10B illustrates a configuration using SRB 1090 having a cross-sectional shape of a parallelepiped with an open top. The location of the SERE 1090s for water retention is diagrammatically presented in two layers at two different depths between the roots of plants in sandy soil regions containing different soil water contents. Sandy soils contain a higher, nearly saturated soil water content located at or near SRB 1090 surfaces (eg, 20) that are nearly anaerobic and still aerobic between 256 and 260. Most of the water available to the plant is located directly above SRB 1090s (eg 250) and between SRB 1090s (eg 254). The driest land regions are on the surface

<img file="MX344880B_D0040.tif" />

of the land (e.g. 252) in the sands naturally

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA «HEDAD indostaial drains below the retention zone of SRB 1090.

In various modes, SRB 1090 doubles the water content in the earth.

Surprisingly, however, the square-shaped configuration (ie, a substantially 90 degree angle between the floor and the walls) of the SRBs in Figure 10B does not work properly using the materials described herein. If the side walls are too high, they collapse (i.e. the square-shaped configuration cannot be maintained) and most of the retained water leaks out. If the side walls are too low, the SRB cannot control enough water to affect plant growth. Additionally, the square shaped SRB capillary losses further problems with this configuration. The square shaped barriers tested began to lose water immediately, with approximately 40% water loss within 1 hour and approximately 80 to 90% loss within 1 day.

In certain modalities, SRBs provide water retention at prescribed depths and configurations within sandy soil profiles in a pattern that alters the hydropedological water regime. Installed SRBs can improve water use efficiency in

<img file="MX344880B_D0041.tif" />

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICANO OE LA MOHEDA OR INDUSTRIAL up to 20 times, such as for crops I have biomass of food and cellulosic planted in sandy soil. In one embodiment, SRBs are adapted to bring marginally sandy soil into highly productive natural lands with substantial savings in water and fertilizer costs. SRBs can also be used to confine and reduce deep slurry and underground contamination through agricultural chemicals and / or remove toxic chemicals and biological wastes and the disposal of municipal waste and industrial sites to locations better suited for bio-remedies and / or long-term biodegradation and / or through absorption.

In various modalities, the depths and geometric configurations of the installed SRBs are uniformly spaced to improve retention of controlled amounts of soil water, while providing controlled ground drainage after precipitation events, including unprecedented events. Several modalities include SRBs buried at preselected depths for water retention. According to various modalities, depths are based on, but not limited to, the soil texture, the height of the water margin above an SRB such as a barrier through capillary elevation, and the mean depths of the root systems of the plant. In one embodiment,

IMPI »^

INSTITUTO MEXlCAo »

DE iA Ι · * ΟΜ? ΟΛΓ INDUSTf.lAI ..._— extended averages of precipitation frequency and intensities are used. In one embodiment, averages of 10 to 90 years are used, including any interval between them. In one embodiment, averages of 30 to 50 years are used, including any interval between these. In some embodiments, site identification and installation depth for SRBs herein are based on climate, depth of sand in the soil profile, soil surface topology, presence, and depth of lenses or layers of fine and coarse soil, within the sand profile, land clearance (e.g. conventional logging or not), fertilization rates, surface crop residues, crop rotations, pest control , pest control and / or the presence and use of high quality irrigation water (eg low salinity).

At least one suitable method to incorporate the above soil / plant / climate parameters into a decision for SRB depth and sustainable management are identified through the use of a method such as the Salus soil / crop / climate method. . Capture information in such a method includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the following: multi-year (e.g. 30 year) records of precipitation, water seepage rate, wind speed, relative humidity, temperature of the earth, and

<img file="MX344880B_D0042.tif" />

solar radiation; types of land considered, for example,

IMPI

INSTITUTO MEXICAI *&gt; OE LA PÍIONEDAC INDUSTRIAL texture, sand grain size, spatial malleability and depths of internal ground lenses or narrow horizons of coarse and fine ground materials; depth of soil for rocks or fine textured clay materials; land and crop management practices, eg felling, fertilization rates, crop rotations, and pest controls used. Methods for water management, eg, rainfall only, supplemental irrigation, or irrigation only (desert agriculture); types, frequencies and degrees of irrigation used; root depths of the plant during the growing season for each crop in the rotation; and the presence or absence of trees / agroforestry crops, eg tree types, crop species and adaptation.

In general, for agricultural purposes, the SERB is installed deep enough to allow cultivation of the topsoil without disturbing the SRB. However, the SRB should not be installed so deep that the roots of the plant will not be nourished by water treated or retained by the SRB. The depth of the SRB below the surface of the earth varies with the type of plant crop in the root zone. In several modes, the SRB is deep enough to reduce evaporation from the

IMPI ^

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE MOUNTAIN Q »- ,, T?

INDUSTRIAL ground surface. In some embodiments, the SRB is positioned approximately 50 cm to approximately 91 cm (20-36 inches) below the surface.

The retention of water distribution within the upper portion of the soil profile, such as approximately the top 70 to 80 cm (for example, at least approximately the top 75 cm) of the soil profile is controlled by the amount of water on the surface of the SRB.

Any natural precipitation and / or supplemental irrigation increases the water content in the land almost near saturation. The gradients of the water available to the plant distributed within the sandy soil profile above the SRB are controlled through the capillary lift capacities by the pores within the sand above the SRB. The criteria for identifying the height of capillary water above a saturated zone are determined, in some cases, by sampling the saturated soil at depths of approximately 20 to approximately 30 cm beyond the projected depth of the SRB placement, such as at least about 25 cm.

In one embodiment, the criterion is determined by holding this soil in a clear plastic cylinder that is inserted into a container of free water. The height to which the earth rises from moisture during

IMPI ^

INSTITUTO MÍXICANC. Οϊ THE MKJNCOAΓ; INDUSTRIAL a period of time, such as approximately 2 and 12 days (eg at least approximately 7 days) is the maximum height of the ground water supplied by the SRB. These data are incorporated into the soil water absorption polynomial equations that identify the amounts of water available to the plant at each depth in the ground above the SRB. The depth of one or more of the SRBs is adjusted to enhance or maximize the amount of water in the land as controlled by subsequent additions of precipitation water. In one embodiment, water is controlled by irrigation, which is complementary to precipitation.

The placement of the SRB can be determined by applying appropriate soil sampling applications, such as the samples described herein. In one mode, the system is modeled before installation. Additionally, weather conditions, such as 30-year weather conditions, and soil capillary elevation assessments can be measured and reported through various soil scientists, the local cooperative extension, and / or USDA conservation staff at the United States or elsewhere. This data is also processed through the Salus model in a centralized computer installation, such as one connected to the Internet.

The installation depths of such an SRB

<img file="MX344880B_D0043.tif" />

as an SRB in a sandy soil it is inversely related to the primary pore radius in the soil. The depths for an SRB are calculated using the capillary elevation equations that calculate the height (hr) at the capillary elevation of the water above the SRB. In one embodiment, height (h) is equal to (2γ eos a) / g (pl - pg) r where r is the average radius of the water-filled pores leading the capillary water to the upper region of the capillary edge and flowing over barriers that have low-to-flat restricted flow barriers. In one embodiment, the upper region of capillary absorption is at an average height of about 20 to about 40 cm above the free water surface of the SRB-retained water. Sandy soil containing about 59 to about 74% of the sand grain size fractions of between about 0.1 to about 0.5 millimeters (mm) may have SRBs installed at depths of up to about 80 cm, for example. These sand fraction sizes vary approximately 10% with only a few centimeters difference between the net height of the capillary fusion, above the SRB.

In one embodiment, a method is provided for placing one or more SRBs. This method may include, but is not limited to, average types of categorization by measuring capillary elevation from the ground. Once I know

<img file="MX344880B_D0044.tif" />

categorizes the type of soil, you can determine the depth for the layout of an SRB. Below, a soil type lookup table can be provided for an SRB installation. The lookup table can be a portable table or stored on a machine. In one embodiment, a sensor measures capillary lift and provides that data to an operator. Information contained in capillary lift information can be communicated wirelessly from a sensor to the operator. In one embodiment, the operator is a machine and automatically correlates the capillary lift information with the lookup table to determine a suitable media type.

Then a table of additional information such as a portable table or a lookup table can be used to map the middle type to an SRB installation depth, so that the SRB can be installed at an appropriate depth. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the capillary lift information can automatically be correlated with the type of medium, which automatically correlates with the depth of the SRB installation, after which a signal can be provided to a setting mechanism of Automatic SRB depth to select a depth from the SRB. In one embodiment, the SRB is installed at a selected SRB depth.

IMPIAS

INSTITUTE MWICANv

OF THE PROPERTY VM «wS4t * S industrial

The various embodiments will further be described by reference to the following examples, which are offered to further illustrate various embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that many variations and modifications can be made while remaining within the scope of the subject matter herein.

EXAMPLE 1

The multi-influence test of barrier installations on sandy soils is compared during the development of a preliminary BID prototype. Laboratory and large greenhouse lysimeter experiments were performed to identify optimal depths, geometric configurations, gaps, degrees of surface and subsurface irrigation application, and plant responses to barriers.

The results of the test are shown in FIG. 12 where water infiltration from a 1252 soil profile is reduced by a dripping clay water barrier 1214 in some sandy soils. Additionally, water infiltration into the 1252 profile is reduced to almost zero by an impermeable barrier such as polyethylene. Wetting front 1208 is depicted for mud water barrier 1214 and sand layer 1212. The configurations tested included a 1208 moisture front applied to the surface of a 1250 sandy soil profile that had a velocity of

<img file="MX344880B_D0045.tif" />

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTtTtfTO

Of LA ΑΗΟΗΙβΑΟ industrial x 10⁶ liters per ...... - - same profile 1250 se or at a water flow of approximately 9.66 hectare per day. The infiltration in the containing a layer of clay 1214 water flow rate of approximately 1.93 x 10⁶liters per hectare per day. However, when a U-shaped polyethylene barrier is placed in the same sand profile the speed of the water flow is reduced to approximately 0.05 x 10⁶ liters per hectare per day.

These results confirm that the installation of water barriers at prescribed depths and configurations can maximize water retention from the water that can be supplied by capillary transport to the projected root zone without excessive evaporation at the soil surface.

The characteristic water retention graph of the land in FIG. 13 is an example that can be used to predict volumetric soil water retention approaching 34% in fine sand when placing a 13 04 water barrier at a depth of 50 cm even though only 17% can be retained by this fine sand without a barrier 1302. A data 1306 represents 7% volumetric water content at the permanent wilting point of the plant.

These results show that the barriers placed at 50 cm store approximately 34% of the water that is made more available to the roots of the plant with minimal evaporative losses at the soil surface.

EXAMPLE 2

To further test plant responses to the presence of water barriers that have multiple configurations and are installed at multiple depths in a large 1400 lysimeter as shown in FIG. 14. The 1400 lysimeter was 120 x 110 x 150 cm in length and was internally constructed of polyethylene. The 1400 lysimeter was filled with River Run ™ 1410 brand medium fine sand (River Run Products Corp.) having a 1405 land area. The barriers were installed manually, end to end, for example 150 cm, with their ends brought to the surface of the earth to eliminate the loss of stored water, during construction of the 1400 sand lysimeter. Specifically, a barrier shaped V 1401 at a depth of approximately 27 cm, two U-shaped barriers 1402 at a depth of approximately 42 cm, and a shallow concave barrier 14 04 at 67 cm. The two bottom barriers 1409 were drilled for limited drainage within the lysimeter 1400 as shown in FIG. 14.

The 1420 underground irrigation tubes were placed in the lower regions within each water barrier configuration (1401, 1402, 1404 and 1409) and

<img file="MX344880B_D0046.tif" />

They were equally distributed throughout the land in 1410.

Volumetric soil water content and temperatures were continuously monitored by Decagon 5TE 1408 probes at 49 duplicate locations (not all shown), within and between barriers 1401, 1402, 1404 and 1409. Continuous measurements of water and temperature of the ground were monitored by Decagon EM 50 data logs.

Equilibrium soil water retention values ​​within 1502 u-shaped barriers (at 42 cm depth) with an aspect ratio or width to depth ratio of approximately 2: 1 were approximately 200% greater than the retained in the control sand outside the barriers as shown in 15 04 of FIG. 15 and as predicted by the soil water retention graph for medium coarse sand as shown in FIG. 16. In contrast, due to higher capillary flow losses, the V-shaped barrier 1401 (at depths of 27 cm) retained only 80% more water than the control sand without the barriers and was drained in minutes. Additionally, the shallow concave barrier 1404 retained only 10% more water than retained in the control sand. The barriers used herein are curvilinear.

24 small 1407 suction lysimeters were also distributed in duplicate locations to all 1400 large sand lysimeters to extract the soil solution

MEXtCANLA INSTITUTE

OF THE ₍* WIER-Al .; ΙΝΠΟίΤΓ.Ι, .Ι “- 'for nutrient assessments, below ground plant roots, root demographics, and numbers were videotaped using a micro-video camera (Bartz Technology, Carpentaria, CA) along 120 cm (48 inches) of three clear plexiglass (MR) mini-irizotron tubes (not shown), installed 14 cm (5.5 inches) below the surface of the 1405 earth. Live root numbers for each of these subsurface positions were counted above and between specific barriers.

Corn was planted at high populations in the 1400 lysimeter to identify the biomass produced by added and retained water in both regions, the shallowest and the deepest of their root zones. The greater availability of water for the root zones of corn plants grown on barriers improved the growth of corn plants starting at week three and approximately 200% greater plant growth during the growing season See FIG. 17). This increased plant growth in sands with water barriers increased corn residue production at calculated rates of up to 10,400 Kg / ha (24 tons per acre) of cellulosic biomass as shown in FIG 21.

Drainage was measured by collecting water losses in the 1425 drain pipes located at the bottom of the

IMPI ^

INSTITUTO MÜXICaNü 'OFJAFWOFUOAO

INDUSTRIAL ---— 1400 lysimeter as shown in FIG. 14. Complete water balance measurements that included evapotranspiration from plant leaves and land surface 1405 were identified by the difference between irrigation and drainage.

Initial plant responses to groundwater barriers (1401, 1402, 1404, and 1409) included corn plants planted at population densities greater than 5.6 times that of field-grown corn. Cultivation of corn residue (height in cm), leaf area (cm², root density (cm / gm), soil water content (%) and water use efficiency (mm / g) were monitored during 16 weeks of controlled irrigation in the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Sciences located at the University of the State of Michigan, East Lansing, Michigan.

Subsequently, tomato seedlings were planted at populations 3 times larger than the tomato plants grown in the field. Details of the above and below ground responses to barriers are reported in Example 3, below.

EXAMPLE 3 Identification of Barrier Controls for Saving Water in Soil of Roots of Cultivated Plants by Modifying the Degree of Diffusion of Water in the Soil

IMPIAS

INSTITUTO MEXION · ^ 2 * «

DE LA MtCl '! Et&gt; Al · O * »INDUSTRY !. '* · »_

Tomato plants grown on the 1400 lysimeter described in Example 2 were used to obtain essential plant responses for additional soil water data for better placement of barriers. The plants were irrigated three times a day at rates of 25 liters per minute, for 1 minute early in the morning, for two minutes approximately 13 hours later, and for one minute approximately 7 hours later. The placement of the barriers (1401, 1402, 1404, and 1409) on the lysimeter 1400 as shown in FIG. 14 identified specific XYZ locations of multiple water levels in soil altered by retention or gravitational drainage of the barrier when the barriers were absent. Approximately 200% more water was retained, and was available for the roots of the tomato that was grown above the barriers than without the barriers.

The water flow rates (q) of the saturated and unsaturated soil for the roots were calculated by the Darcy equation, below, and were proportional to the water content and hydraulic gradient. The hydraulic conductivity was controlled by the distances between the different volumetric water contents of the earth defined by the matrix potential (ΔΨ / Δχ) of the volumetric soil water content (θ_ν) and the distance of the water retained by the barrier, as shown in FIGS. 15 and

<img file="MX344880B_D0047.tif" />

.

The specific water capacity, C (0_V), next, it was calculated using the changes in the matrix water potential (Ψ) from the graph in FIG. 16, which allow the derivation of the degree of diffusion of water, D (0_V), by the following formulas:

C (^)

Once the numbers of tomato plants were known, the flow rates of water in the soil by volume were determinable. As the results show, the water flow rates of the u-shaped barriers 1402 were 138% higher than the V-shaped barrier 1401 as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. These high amounts of water provided by the u-shaped barriers 1402 originated a 28% reduction in the number of roots required by the tomato plants than by the plants that were grown on the V-shaped barrier 1401.

EXAMPLE 4

Field Installation of an Underground Retention Barrier (SRB)

IMPI INSTITUTO MMicano · £ LA HtONtDAD INDUCTRIAI.

The test was completed on a Spinks fine sand near Benton Harbor, Michigan, in a pepper and tomato field containing SRB that has a width to depth ratio of 2: 1, 30 to 15 cm (12-6 inches) installed. at a single depth of 36 cm (14 inches) at spacings of approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch). With reference to FIG. 11, two BID 1100A and 1100B were slid through the Spinks sand by an 1151 tractor (John Deere Model 8350,350 HP) fully equipped with a satellite-based guidance system (Trimble AgGPS Field Level II Guidance System, http://www.trimble.com/news/releases.aspx) through the BID 1153 implement frame connected to the tractor's 3-point hitch (1151). The depth of the SRB was adjusted with the satellite-based guidance system using hydraulics located on the 1151 tractor and also through the depth control wheels, (for example 116) connected to each of the BID 1100A and 1100B. In this particular test, the depth control wheels 116 were located at the rear of the BID 1100A and 1100B.

Each roll of 2 mil biodegradable polyethylene film (Brentwood Plastics, St. Louis, Missouri), 1104A and 1104B was between approximately 600 and 1500 m (2,000 and 5,000 feet) and was 40 cm (18 inches) wide. Rolls 1104A and 1 104B were constrained by a mounted carrier spring connection (not shown) (Andros Engineering

<img file="MX344880B_D0048.tif" />

<img file="MX344880B_D0049.tif" />

íMsrtwrc Mtx.iCAm. FROM ΙΛ ΜΟΝΓι ίΛΙ Ι »ίΓΐ'Π · ΙΛΕ

<img file="MX344880B_D0050.tif" />

Corporation, Santa Margarita, California) secured to each respective film brake wheel, 1155A and 1155B. The strength of each roll of film 1104A and 1104B was controlled by tire pressure on the respective brake wheels, 1155A and 1155B. In this form, the uniform rotational resistance was maintained as the films, 1104A and 1104B, passed down through and out of the rear of the respective pointed shoe, 1150A and 1150B.

In use, each film 1104A and 1104B, traveled downward and into the respective pointed shoes BID, 1150A and 1150B within the respective film transfer chamber 1159A and 1159B. Transfer chambers 1159A and 1159B sit behind their respective primary standards, 1157A and 1157B, from each BID, primarily 1100A and 1100B, respectively. The bottom of each film transfer chamber, 1159A and 1159B, will be profiled at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, connecting each film transfer chamber, 1159A and 1159B to their respective u-shaped placement chamber (See, for example , 110 in FIG. 1) located on each pointed shoe BID, 1150A and 1150B. In this form, each of the films 1104A and 1104B remains open within their respective chambers, 1159A and 1159B, before being supplied to the formed ground. The flipped portion of each BID, 1100A and 1100B, had

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sufficiently low resistance to twisting force, such that abrasion was minimized, preventing the films, 1104A and 1104B, from moving to one side, as would otherwise have happened.

Each film, 1104A and 1104B, exited through the u-shaped exit at the rear of each 1150A and 1150B pointed shoe (that is, on the non-pointed end or rear side) as a u-shaped film, 1104A and 1104B , to the desired depth. The two 1161 depth control wheels (one shown) attached to the rear of each BID 1153 implement frame, in combination with the tractor hydraulic controls, allowed the user to select and precisely control the desired depth of the two BID units, 1100A and 1100B.

The 1151 tractor also provided the power source used to drive the 1150A and 1150B BIDs through the land. The pointed footings, 1150A and 1150B opened up the earth, formed a firm earth base on which the barriers were placed by temporary earth removal, and covered the SRBs formed by the 1104A and 1104B films the temporarily removed earth. The points of the BID shoe (for example, 410 in FIG. 4) were dug through the ground to identify the ground interactions between the two adjacent BID units 1100A and 1100B and to install an SRB 1104. The

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BID units 1100A and 1100B.

The depth of the installed barrier varied depending on the texture of the sand and the depths of the rooting. The SRBs formed by the 1104A and 1104B films were installed in Spinks sand at depths of approximately 14 inches (36 cm) and spaced approximately 2 inches (5 cm).

The Trimble AgGPS FieldLevel II 1103 guidance system in communication with the 1151 tractor hydraulic controls and the 1161 depth control wheels at the rear of the BID implement frame, 1153, were used to monitor and confirm the depth of the ground (z) and the directional trajectory (x, y) of the barriers with 1.3 cm (0.5 inch) of precision. Hand excavations for the barrier surfaces provided accurate placement of 12-inch wide barrier installations at depths of 14 inches from the base to the earth's surface. The depth of the internal barrier was determined to be approximately 15.2 cm (6 inches) at the center line.

One row tomato seedlings and two rows of bell pepper were transplanted during the beginning of the growing season into beds, 15 meters (50 feet) long, which were covered with plastic on the surface containing holes for plant separations. Irrigation by⁸⁵ IMPIAS?

INSTITUTO MEXICANO Dt LA nOHEDAP INDUSTRIAL surface drip was applied to both the barrier and the control areas for three weeks until the seedlings were well established. No additional supplemental irrigation was added.

During most of the summer, the water content in the root zones of these plants containing a level of the barriers shown in FIG. 14 were approximately 40% higher above the barriers as compared to the water content in the root zones of the non-barrier plants.

Although the 2011 crop of peppers and tomatoes continues, preliminary productions indicate that greater quantities of higher quality peppers and tomatoes are being produced in barrier sands that contain higher soil water content. Higher quality crops of these two crops indicate that the new systems provided here are likely to increase profits to farmers.

EXAMPLE 5 (PROPHETIC)

Additional tests will be carried out to determine how barriers can most effectively aid plant growth in order to maximize their potential. For example, the knowledge of the degree of diffusion of the data as compared to the data of the height of the plant can help in the forecast of volumes of water

<img file="MX344880B_D0052.tif" />

that will be useful for different amounts of

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OF THE PROPERTY growing plants, to minimize the amount of water wasted in growing crops. Additional variables can be considered to determine the most efficient shape and placement of the barriers.

Other tests will involve continuous monitoring of plants, such as tomato flats (for example, the variety Lista de la Table Burpee) on the lysimeter until they are harvested, as well as testing of barriers in the production of grains and cellulosic biomass in additional field sites. Other aspects of plant cultivation may be considered in future trials, such as water use efficiencies of conventional and biomodified genotypes with an emphasis on leaf size or root patterns.

The physical properties of the barrier's interactions with a medium, such as earth or an earth matrix, can further be investigated to determine the causes behind the patterns observed in the finished test to provide more specific information to optimize the effects. Additional tests will include sliding up to four BID footings through the ground simultaneously. Two layers of barriers, as shown in FIG. 10A, installed at 60 cm, are expected to roughly double or triple soil water control capabilities in sandy soils without water retention barriers.

<img file="MX344880B_D0053.tif" />

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Other field tests may include installing barriers at more than one depth, such as at two or more depths, as discussed herein.

Still other tests will include deeper SRBs that are approximately 12 inches (30 cm) wide, located approximately 6 inches (15 cm) deeper, directly below the gaps between adjacent shallower SRBs.

conclusion

Water deficits in plants are among the greatest constraints to maximum plant growth potential. Water supplies and the safety of waterways in close proximity to state and international boundaries are facing a national crisis. In addition to dwindling surface water, large cities struggle daily with inadequate water supplies and related issues as populations cope, local food supplies dwindling, and water for agricultural production becomes more expensive.

The groundwater retention technology (SWRT) described herein provides, for the first time, a water-saving system comprising a barrier implement device to install a barrier to provide long-term reversal.

<img file="MX344880B_D0054.tif" />

Term of water and nutrient losses from root zones of plants grown on sandy soils. See, for example, FIG. 10A. By installing barriers such as thin polymer films, the thin horizons of natural clay found in most productive sandy fields can be simulated. The Barrier Implement Device (BID) can precisely place the film at strategic depths below the surface to create a barrier or series of barriers in a variety of configurations. This technology can provide improvements to food and fiber production and soil quality by capturing and saving every drop of water where it falls.

The underground retention barrier (SRB) systems described herein also have the potential to reduce the excessive use of water resources for agricultural purposes by allowing a more equal distribution of water over larger amounts of land, thus slowing down the process. deesterification. These systems can also decrease nutrient slurry by improving soil moisture retention in the root zone. Such systems can also allow plants to get water and nutrients more efficiently from rhizosphere soil. By preventing the rapid drainage of water through the land, the new systems described in

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the present increase the volume of readily available water

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for absorption by the roots. With higher water content in the soil, plants require fewer numbers of roots to obtain an adequate amount of water, therefore less of the plant's energy is used for root growth and more energy can be used for growth from the plant above the ground. Retention of nutrients can also be obtained.

The various devices to install SRB include a vertical barrier installation machine and a horizontal barrier installation machine. In one embodiment, the installation team also installs irrigation pipes concurrent with the installation of the barrier. In one embodiment, as an SRB is installed, a pipe can be installed in the concavity of the barrier, such that the water in the pipe is collected and held by the SRB.

In one embodiment, the new system described herein is a GPS-enabled system that allows each IDB pass to be properly interconnected with the previous pass. If the pass is too wide, the previous barrier can be drained. If it is too narrow, the previously installed barriers may be disturbed. In one embodiment, the GPS system provides accuracy within not less than 1.5 cm in the x and y directions. In one embodiment, the GPS device can be located on a suitable support device ⁹⁰ IMPIS

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INDUSTRIAL external to the IDB. All publications, patents and patent documents are incorporated by reference herein, as however individually incorporated by reference. The invention has been described with reference to various specific and preferred embodiments and techniques. However, it should be understood that many variations and modifications can be made while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Although the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any procedure that is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This application is intended to cover any adaptation or variation of the theme herein. For example, the subject described herein can also be used to form effective underground barriers on roads built on plastic cranes that have a constant moisture content and therefore prevent upward intrusion of water through capillarity in the road bed.

Similarly, the theme can be used to provide barrier protection for canals, irrigation ditches, bodies of water (eg, ponds, lakes) and the like, to prevent water loss. Therefore, it is evidently intended that

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invention are limited only by the claims and their equivalents.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant for putting the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.

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