Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.
Abstract
La presente invención se refiere a métodos para promover la diferenciación de células madre pluripotenciales en células productoras de insulina. Particularmente, la presente invención proporciona un método para producir células que expresan marcadores característicos del linaje endocrino pancreático que coexpresan NKX6.1 e insulina, y cantidades mínimas de glucagon.

Term
4.2 yearsleft in the term
Expires 16 December 2030.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
14 claims: 2 independent, 12 dependent
- 1NOVEDAD DE LA INVENCIÓN REIVINDICACIONES 1, - Un método para generar una población de células endocrinas pancreáticas que coexpresan NKX6.1 e insulina, el método caracterizado porque comprende las etapas de:a) cultivar células madre pluripotentes humanas;b) diferenciar las células madre pluripotentes humanas de la etapa a) en células del endodermo definitivo al cultivar las células madre pluripotentes humanas en un medio que comprende un agonista del receptor de TGFP;c) diferenciar las células del endodermo definitivo de la etapa b) en células del endodermo pancreático al cultivar las células del endodermo definitivo en presencia de un miembro de la familia de FGF y ácido retinoico;y d) diferenciar las células del endodermo pancreático de la etapa c) en células endocrinas pancreáticas al cultivar las células del endodermo pancreático en un medio suplementado con nogina, un inhibidor de ALK5 y un activador de la proteína quinasa C, en donde las células endocrinas pancreáticas coexpresan NKX6.1 e insulina y en donde menos del 10 % de las células en la población expresan glucagon.
- 22, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el inhibidor de ALK5 en la etapa d) es el inhibidor de ALK5 II.
- 33, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el activador de la proteína quinasa C en la etapa d) es (2S,5S)-(E,E)-8-(5-(4-(Trifluorometil)fenil)-2,4-pentad¡eno¡lamino) benzolactama.
- 44, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos 30 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 55, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos 40 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 66, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos 50 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 77, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos 60 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 88, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos 5 % de las células expresan insulina.
- 99, - Un método para generar una población de células endocrinas pancreáticas que coexpresan NKX6.1 e insulina, el método caracterizado porque comprende las etapas de:a) cultivar células madre pluripotentes humanas;b) diferenciar las células madre pluripotentes humanas de la etapa a) en células del endodermo definitivo al cultivar las células madre pluripotentes humanas en un medio que comprende un agonista del receptor de ΤΰΡβ;c) diferenciar las células del endodermo definitivo de la etapa b) en células del endodermo pancreático al cultivar las células del endodermo definitivo en presencia de un miembro de la familia de FGF y ácido retinoico;y d) diferenciar las células del endodermo pancreático de la etapa c) en IMPI «W»| células endocrinas pancreáticas al cultivar las células del endodermo pancreático en un medio suplementado con nogina, un inhibidor de la señalización del receptor TGF-β y (2S,5S)-(E,E)-8-(5-(4-(Trifluorometil)fen¡l)- 2,4-pentadienoilamino) benzolactama, en donde las células endocrinas 5 pancreáticas coexpresan NKX6.1 e insulina y en donde menos del 10 % de las células en la población expresan glucagon.
- 1010, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque al menos 30 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 1111, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, 10 caracterizado además porque al menos 40 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 1212, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque al menos 50 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 1313, - El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque al menos 60 % de las células expresan NKX6.1.
- 1415 14,- El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque al menos 5 % de las células expresan insulina.
Independent claims14
441 paragraphs in 36 sections, as filed
(54) Title: DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.
(54) Title: DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.
(57) Summary
The present invention relates to methods for promoting the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells. Particularly, the present invention provides a method for producing cells that express markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
(57) Abstract
The present invention provides methods to promote the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into insulin producing cells. In particular, the present invention provides a method to produce cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin and minimal amounts of glucagon.
<img file="MX343786B_D0001.tif" />
<img file="MX343786B_D0002.tif" />
PATENT TITLE NO. 343786
I KNOW___
SECWWiA I heard ICON
Mexican Institute of Industrial Property
Headlines)
JANSSEN BIOTECH, INC.
Home!
800/850 Ridgeview Orive, Horsham, Pennsylvania, 19044, USA
Denomination
DIFFERENTIATION OF HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.
Classification lnt.CI.8: C12N5 / 00; C12N5 / 07; C12N5 / 071
Inventor (s):
JEAN XU
REQUEST
Number:
International filing date:
MX / a / 2012/007413 December 2010
PRIORITY
Country:
Date:
Number:
December 2009
61/289,671
Validity: Twenty years
Expiration Date: December 16, 2030
The reference patent is granted based on articles 1, 2, section V, 6, section III, and 59 of the Industrial Property Law.
In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, this patent has a non-extendable term of twenty years, counted from the date of filing of the international application and will be subject to the fee to maintain the rights in force. . .
<img file="MX343786B_D0003.tif" />
This title is based on the provisions of I, s articles 6® sections lll and 7 ° bis 2 of the Law of the Official River of the Federation (DOF) 27W <«1 -e ^ i · ada e 02/08 / 1694, 10/25/1996, 12/26/1997, 05/17/1999, 01/25/2006, 06/05/2009, 06/01/2010, 18íuo, 20lu, ¿8/03/2010 27 / 01/2012 and 04/09/2012); 1st, 3rd traction Articles V ions I and III of the Regulations of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF) 12/14 / 199®, amended on 07/28/2004 and 09/07/2007); Articles 1, 3, 4 · 5 * section V in a) ib tractions I and lll and 30 of the Organic Statute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/15/2007); 1 ° 3 ° that delegates powers to K »Deputy Directors General, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Holders of the
.. Who subscribes the p 'Industrial Property (. 01/26/2004, 06/16/200 ... subsection a), 4<sup>or</sup> and 12th * 07/01/2002, 07/15/20 of the Mexican Institute
Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).
Issue Date: November 22, 2016
THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS
<img file="MX343786B_D0004.tif" />
0,431
<img file="MX343786B_D0005.tif" />
ΟΗτπυτο MEXICAN
D * INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
DIFFERENTIATION OF EMBRYONIC-HUMAN STEM CELLS
This application claims the benefit of United States provisional application no. 61 / 289,671, filed December 23, 2009, 5 which is incorporated in the present invention, in its entirety, by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods for promoting the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells. In particular, the present invention provides a method of producing cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
<sup>15</sup>
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Advances in cell replacement therapy for Type I diabetes mellitus and the shortage of islets of Langerhans for transplantation have focused interest in the development of sources of insulin-producing cells, or β cells, suitable for graft functionality. . One method is the generation of functional β cells from pluripotent stem cells, such as, for example, embryonic stem cells.
IMPL
2w j ιτιυτο mexican
Ot LA HtOHEDAP iwxwtmal
In vertebrate embryonic development, a pluripotent cell gives rise to a group of cells that comprise three layers of germs (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in a process known as gastrulation. Tissues such as, for example, thyroid, thymus, pancreas, intestine and liver, will develop from the endoderm, through an intermediate stage. The intermediate stage in this process is the formation of the definitive endoderm. The cells of the definitive endoderm express several markers, such as HNF3 beta, GATA4, MIXL1, CXCR4 and SOX17.
The formation of the pancreas originates from the differentiation of the definitive endoderm into pancreatic endoderm. Pancreatic endoderm cells express the pancreatic-duodenal homeosequence gene, PDX1. In the absence of PDX1, the pancreas does not develop beyond the formation of the ventral and dorsal buds. Therefore, the expression of Pdx1 marks a critical step in pancreatic organogenesis. The mature pancreas contains, among other cell types, exocrine tissue and endocrine tissue. The endocrine and exocrine tissues originate from the differentiation of the pancreatic endoderm.
Cells having the characteristics of islet cells have been reported to be derived from mouse embryonic cells. For example, Lumelsky et al. (Science 292: 1389, 2001) describe the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into insulin-secreting structures similar to pancreatic islets. Soria et al. (Diabetes 49: 157, 2000) describe that insulin-secreting cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells normalize glycemia in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
IMPI
3wwmvro Mexican Dt ΙΑΓΒΟΠΕΙιαΠ ga w <r> usTwiAt ^^ ¿Tr «*]>
In one example, Hori et al. (PNAS 99: 16105, 2Ü (J! ¿) Described that treatment of mouse embryonic stem cells with phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors (LY294002) produced cells that resembled β cells.
In another example, Blyszczuk et al. (PNAS 100: 998, 2003) describe the generation of insulin-producing cells from mouse embryonic stem cells that constitutively express Pax4.
Micallef and others describe that retinoic acid can regulate the commitment of embryonic stem cells to form the pancreatic endoderm and PDX1-positive cells. Retinoic acid is most effective in inducing Pdx1 expression when added to cultures on day 4 of embryonic stem cell differentiation during a period corresponding to the end of gastrulation in the embryo (Diabetes 54: 301, 2005).
Miyazaki and others report that a line of mouse embryonic stem cells overexpress Pdx1. Their results show that exogenous expression of Pdx1 markedly improved expression of insulin, somatostatin, glucokinase, neurogenin 3, p48, Pax6 and HNF6 genes in the resulting differentiated cells (Diabetes 53: 1030, 2004).
Skoudy et al. Report that activin A (a member of the TGF-β superfamily) upregulates the expression of exocrine pancreatic genes (p48 and amylase) and endocrine genes (Pdx1, insulin and glucagon) in mouse embryonic stem cells. The maximum effect was observed using 1 nM activin A. Furthermore, they observed that the level of insulin expression impi * 'Wfwun<sup>> MBUC</sup>*or
PELA IWfTEQftb
ΙΝΟΛΤΠΠΑΙ and Pdx1 mRNA was not affected by retinoic acid; sineinbáryü, · · treatment with 3 nM FGF7 resulted in an increased level of the transcript for Pdx1 (Biochem. J. 379: 749, 2004).
Shiraki et al. Studied the effects of growth factors that specifically enhance embryonic stem cell differentiation into PDX1-positive cells. They observed that TGF-32 reproducibly produced a higher proportion of PDX1-positive cells (Genes Cells. June 2005; 10 (6): 503-16.).
Gordon et al. Demonstrated the initiation of brachyury [positive] / HNF3 beta [positive] endodermal cells from mouse embryonic stem cells in the absence of serum and in the presence of activin together with a Wnt signaling inhibitor (US Patent United States No. 2006 / 0003446A1).
Gordon et al. (PNAS, Vol. 103, pp. 16806, 2006) state that "simultaneous signaling of Wnt and TGF-beta / nodal / activin was required to generate the anterior primitive line."
However, the mouse model of embryonic stem cell development may not exactly mimic the development schedule in higher mammals, such as, for example, humans.
Thomson et al. Isolated embryonic stem cells from human blastocysts (Science 282: 114, 1998). Concurrently, Gearhart et al. Derived human embryonic germ cell (hEG) lines from fetal gonadal tissue (Shamblott et al., Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci.
<img file="MX343786B_D0006.tif" />
<img file="MX343786B_D0007.tif" />
USA 95: 13726, 1998). Unlike mouse Tle embryonic stem cells, which can be prevented from differentiating themselves simply by culturing them with leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF), human embryonic stem cells must be maintained under very special conditions (Patent No. 6,200,806; Patent No. WO 99/20741 Patent No. WO 01/51616).
D'Amour et al. Describe the production of enriched cultures of the definitive endoderm derived from human embryonic stem cells in the presence of a high concentration of activin and a low concentration of serum (Nature Biotechnology 2005). Transplanting those cells under the liver capsule of mice produced the differentiation into more mature cells with characteristics of some endodermal organs. Definitive endoderm cells derived from human embryonic stem cells can further differentiate into Pdx1-positive cells after addition of FGF-10 (US 2005 / 0266554A1).
D'Amour et al. (Nature Biotechnology - 24, 1392 - 1401 (2006)) state: “We have developed a differentiation process that converts human embryonic stem cells (hES) into endocrine cells capable of synthesizing the pancreatic hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and ghrelin. This process mimics pancreatic organogenesis "in vivo" by directing cells through stages that resemble the definitive endoderm, gastrointestinal endoderm, pancreatic endoderm, and endocrine precursor to cells that express endocrine hormones. " MEXICAN nWTTWTO
OELAraSNEDAD
INDUSTRIAL
In another example, Fisk et al describe a system for producing pancreatic islet cells from human embryonic stem cells (US Patent No. 2006 / 0040387A1). In this case, the differentiation path was divided into three stages. Human embryonic stem cells were first differentiated into the endoderm using a combination of sodium butyrate and activin A. The cells were then cultured with TGF-β antagonists, such as nogina, in combination with EGF or betacellulin to generate PDX1 positive cells. Terminal differentiation was induced by nicotinamide.
In one example, Benvenistry et al. State, "We conclude that overexpression of enhanced PDX1 expression of enriched pancreatic genes and induction of insulin expression may require signals that are only present in vivo" (Benvenistry et al., Stem Cells 2006 ; 24: 1923-1930).
In another example, Grapin-Botton and others state: “Early activation of Ngn3 almost exclusively induced glucagon + cells, while depleting the pancreatic progenitor pool. Starting with E11.5, PDX-1 progenitors became competent to differentiate into insulin [positive] and PP [positive] cells ”(Johansson KA et al., Developmental Cell 12, 457-465, March 2007).
For example, Diez et al. State: “At weeks 9 and 10, most glucagon-positive cells co-expressed insulin, although well-differentiated cells of
IMPI noSTTTVTO MIX1CANO Dt LA MOMEOA (> INDUSTRIAL insulin only. Cells co-expressing insulin and glucagon were observed during studies throughout the period (9 to 21 weeks), but represent only a small fraction of all cells expressing insulin and glucagon. ”(J Histochem Cytochem. 2009 Sep; 57 (9): 811-24. 2009 Apr 13.)
In one example, Chen et al. State “(-) -indolactam V [(ILV)] activates protein kinase C signaling and directs the pancreatic specification of hESCs that have already committed to the endoderm lineage. ILV and retinoic acid work through a related mechanism. ILV shows stronger induction of cells that express PDX-1 (percentage of cells that express PDX-1) than retinoic acid. ” (Nature Chemical Biology 5, 195-196 (April 2009) doi: 10.1038 / nchembio0409-195).
Lyttle et al. State: "NKX6-1 was collocalized only with insulin cells, indicating that NKX6-1 is involved only in the development of human beta cells." (Diabetologia 2008 Jul: 51 (7): 1169-80, 2008).
Therefore, there remains a significant need to develop in vitro methods to generate a cell that expresses functional insulin, which more closely resembles a β cell. The present invention takes an alternate method to improve the differentiation efficiency of human embryonic stem cells into insulin-expressing cells, by generating a population of cells that express markers characteristic of pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
IMPI
WHiruro mexico> * o
MtAPeOREIMC<sup>1</sup>
JNDVSTWAt
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a population of cells that express markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for differentiating a population of pluripotent stem cells into a population of cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon; The method comprises the stages of:
to. Cultivate stem cells,
b. Differentiate pluripotent stem cells into cells that express markers characteristic of the final endoderm lineage;
c. Differentiate cells that express characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage into cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage; and
d. Differentiate cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endodermal lineage into cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and
<img file="MX343786B_D0008.tif" />
<img file="MX343786B_D0009.tif" />
minimal amounts of glucagon, when treated-cells that express markers characteristic of the pancreatic endodermal lineage with medium supplemented with a protein kinase C activator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figures 1A-1D show the effect of TPB treatment on insulin and glucagon expression in the cells of the present invention. Figures 1A and 1B show the expression of insulin and glucagon respectively, in cells treated with TPB. Control populations of cells are shown in Figures 1C and 1D.
Figures 2A-2D show the effect of different concentrations of TPB on insulin and glucagon expression in cells treated in accordance with the methods of the present invention. Panels aad show the expression of insulin and glucagon in populations of cells treated with TPB at the indicated doses.
Figures 3A-3D shows the effect of a protein kinase C inhibitor on insulin and glucagon expression in cells treated according to the methods of the present invention. Figure 3A shows the expression of insulin and glucagon in cells treated with TPB, and Figure 3C shows the corresponding DAPI staining). Figure 3B
ΙΜΡΙ £ (Ί MEXICAN INSTITUTE £ <sup>one ν</sup> OF THE PROPERTY \
INDUTTRVkL shows the expression of insulin and glucagon in treated cells uui l TPB'y Gó 6976, and Figure 3D shows the corresponding DAPI staining).
Figures 4A-4C show the effect of different protein kinase C activators on insulin expression in cells treated according to the methods of the present invention. Figure 4A shows the expression of insulin in cells treated with TPB. Figure 4B shows the expression of insulin in ILV-treated cells. Figure 4C shows the expression of insulin in cells treated with PMA.
Figures 5A-5E show the expression of characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage in cells treated according to the methods of the present invention. The panels show the expression of insulin and NKX6.1 (figure 5A), insulin and PDX1 (figure 5B), insulin and NEUROD1 (figure 5C), insulin and somatostatin (figure 5D), and insulin and ghrelin (figure 5E).
Figures 6A-6F show the expression of insulin and glucagon in cells treated according to the methods of the present invention. Figures 6A to 6C show insulin expression (figure 6A), glucagon expression (figure 6B) and DAPI staining (figure 6C) in cells treated with DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 50 ng / ml FGF7 + 0.25 μΜ cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 pM retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 20 ng / ml Activin A + a p38 kinase inhibitor (described in the US patent United States US 6,214,830, at 2.5 pM) for four days (Step 3, Treatment 8, Example 2). Figures 6D to 6F show
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OF THE PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL insulin expression (figure 6D), glucagon expression (figure 6E) and DAPI staining (figure 6F) in cells treated with DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 µΜ cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 µΜ acid Retinoic Acid (RA) + 100ng / ml Noggin for four days (Stage 3, 5 Treatment 9, Example 2).
Figure 7 shows that human C peptide was detected in (SCID)
- beige (Bg) mice four, eight and twelve weeks after receiving the cells of the present invention, after a glucose challenge.
Figure 8 shows the percentage of cells that co-express
PDX1 and NKX6.1 obtained after the treatment of different protein kinase C inhibitors, at the indicated concentrations.
Figure 9 shows the expression of NGN3, PDX1, NKX6.1 and PTF1 alpha in cells treated according to the methods described in Example 6.
<img file="MX343786B_D0010.tif" />
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENCIQ
For clarity of description, and not by way of limitation, the detailed description of the invention is divided into the following subsections that describe or illustrate certain features, embodiments, or applications of the present invention.
Definitions
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells defined by their ability at the single cell level to self-renew and differentiate to produce progenitor cells, including progenitors that self-renew, progenitors that do not renew, and terminally differentiated cells. Stem cells are further characterized by their ability to differentiate in vitro into functional cells of various multiple germ layer cell lineages (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), as well as to originate multiple germ layer tissues after transplantation and contribute to virtually Most, if not all, of the tissues after injection into the blasts.
Stem cells are classified by their development potential as: (1) totipotent, which means capable of originating all types of embryonic and extraembryonic cells; (2) pluripotent, which means capable of originating all types of embryonic cells; (3) multipotent, meaning capable of originating a subset of cell lineages, but all within a particular tissue, organ, or physiological system (eg, stem cells t * ®Νυυ<sup>? τ</sup>’<sup>, Λν</sup> Hematopoietic (HSC) can produce progeny that include HSC (self-renewal), restricted oligopotent blood cell progenitors, and all elements and cell types (eg, platelets) that are normal components of blood). (4) oligopotent, meaning able to originate a more restricted subset of cell lineages than multipotent stem cells; and (5) unipotent, which means being able to originate a single cell lineage (eg, spermatogenic stem cells).
Differentiation is a process by which an unspecialized ("uncommitted") or less specialized cell acquires the characteristics of a specialized cell, such as, for example, a nerve cell or a muscle cell. A differentiation-induced or differentiated cell is one that takes a more specialized ("compromised") position within a cell lineage. The term “compromised”, when applied to the differentiation process, refers to a cell that has followed the path of differentiation to a point where, under normal circumstances, it will continue to differentiate into a specific cell type or subset of cell types. or revert to a less differentiated cell type. Dedifferentiation refers to the process by which a cell reverts to a less specialized (or compromised) position within a cell lineage. As used herein, the lineage of a cell defines the inheritance of a cell, that is, what cells it comes from and what cells it can originate. The lineage of a cell positions the cell within a hereditary scheme of development and differentiation. A specific marker
IMPI Mexican txyrmmo M LA ΕΚΟΝΕΓΑΠ INDUSTRIAL for lineage refers to a specific feature ^ §fl £ ¡aíjajcoo-the phenotype of cells of a lineage of interest and can be used to assess the differentiation of an uncommitted cell for lineage of interest .
"Cells expressing markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage," or "Stage 1 cells," or "Stage 1," as used herein, refers to cells expressing at least one of the following. markers: SOX17, GATA4, HNF3 beta, GSC, CER1, Nodal, FGF8, Brachyury, mix type homeosequence protein, FGF4 CD48, eomesodermine (EOMES), DKK4, FGF17, GATA6, CXCR4, C-Kit, CD99 or OTX2. Cells expressing markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage include primitive line precursor cells, primitive line cells, mesendodermal cells, and definitive endoderm cells.
"Cells that express markers characteristic of the pancreatic endoderm lineage," as used herein, refers to cells that express at least one of the following markers: PDX1, NKX6.1, HNF1 beta, PTF1alpha, HNF6, HNF4 alpha, SOX9, HB9 or
PROX1. Cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endoderm lineage include cells of the pancreatic endoderm, cells of the primitive intestinal tube, and cells of the posterior intestine.
"Definitive endoderm," as used herein, refers to cells that carry the characteristics of epiblast-derived cells during gastrulation, which form the gastrointestinal tract and its derivatives. The cells of the definitive endoderm ινϊτγπγγο Mexican
ΓΗ ΤΑ PROPERTY indcrtriai express the following markers: HNF3 beta, GATA4, SOX17, Cerberus,
OTX2, goosecoid, C-Kit, CD99, and MIXL1.
"Markers", as used herein, are nucleic acid or polypeptide molecules that are differentially expressed in a cell of interest. In this context, differential expression means an increased level for a positive marker and a decreased level for a negative marker. The detectable level of the nucleic acid or polypeptide marker is sufficiently high or low in the cells of interest compared to other cells, so that the cell of interest can be identified and distinguished from other cells through the use of any one of variety of methods known in the art.
"Pancreatic endocrine cell" or "pancreatic hormone expressing cell" or "cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage", as used herein, refers to a cell capable of expressing at least one of the following hormones: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide.
Isolation, Expansion, and Culture of Pluripotent Stem Cells
Characterization of pluripotent stem cells
Stem cells can express one or more of the stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEA) 3 and 4, and detectable markers with the use of antibodies designated Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81 (Thomson et al., Science 282: 1145, 1998). The differentiation of stem cells in vitro produces the
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE
OE THE PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL loss of expression of SSEA-4, Tra 1-60 and Tra 1-81 (if present) and increased expression of SSEA-1. Undifferentiated stem cells have typically alkaline phosphatase activity, which can be detected by fixing the cells with 4% paraformaldehyde and then developing them with Vector Red as a substrate, as described by the manufacturer (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame Calif.). Generally, undifferentiated stem cells are also expressing OCT4 and TERT, as detected by RT-PCR.
Another desirable phenotype of spread pluripotent stem cells is a potential to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers: tissues of the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The pluripotency of pluripotent stem cells can be confirmed, for example, by injecting cells into severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCIDs), fixing the teratomas that are formed using 4% paraformaldehyde, and then histologically examining them for evidence of cell types from the three layers of germs. Alternatively, pluripotency can be determined by creating embryoid bodies and analyzing embryoid bodies for the presence of markers associated with all three germ layers.
The propagated pluripotent stem cell lines can be karyotyped by using a standard G-band technique and by comparison with published karyotypes of the corresponding primate species. It is desirable to obtain cells that have a "karyotype
IMPI ^ * fksrrruTO MEXICO OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY normal ", which means that the cells are euploid, in rlnnrle torios Ins human chromosomes are present and not noticeably altered.
Sources of pluripotent stem cells
Types of pluripotent stem cells that can be used include established pluripotent cell lines derived from tissue formed after gestation, including preembryonic tissue (such as, for example, a blastocyst), embryonic tissue, or fetal tissue taken at any time. during gestation, typically, but not necessarily before approximately 10 to 12 weeks of gestation. Non-limiting examples are established human embryonic stem cell lines or human embryonic germ cells, such as, for example, H1, H7 and H9 human embryonic stem cell lines (WiCell). In addition, the use of the compositions of this disclosure is contemplated during the initial establishment or stabilization of these cells, in which case the primary source of the cells would be the primary pluripotent cells taken directly from the source tissues. In addition, cells taken from an already cultured pluripotent stem cell population in the absence of feeder cells are suitable. Also suitable are mutant human embryonic stem cell lines, such as, for example, BG01v (BresaGen, Athens, GA).
In one embodiment human embryonic stem cells are prepared as described in Thomson et al., (US Patent No. 5,843,780; Science 282: 1145, 1998; Cfurr. Top. Dev. Biol. 38: 133 ff., 1998 ; Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. United States 92: 7844, 1995).
Culture of pluripotent stem cells
<img file="MX343786B_D0011.tif" />
In one embodiment, pluripotent stem cells are typically grown in a layer of feeder cells that support pluripotent stem cells in different ways. Alternatively, pluripotent stem cells are grown in a culture system that is essentially free of feeder cells but, nevertheless, supports the proliferation of pluripotent stem cells without undergoing substantial differentiation. The growth of pluripotent stem cells in a feeder-free culture, without differentiation, is supported using a conditioned medium by pre-culturing another cell type. Alternatively, the growth of the pluripotent stem cells in a feeder-free culture, without differentiation, is supported using a chemically defined medium.
For example, Reubinoff et al., (Nature Biotechnology 18: 399 404 (2000)) and Thompson et al., (Science Nov 6, 1998: Vol. 282.
no. 5391, p. 1145-1147) describes the culture of pluripotent stem cell lines from human blasts by using a layer of mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder cells.
Richards et al. (Stem Cells 21: examined a group of eleven distinct layers of adult, fetal, and neonatal human feeder cells to analyze their ability to support the culture of human stem cells. Richards et al. State: "embryonic stem cell lines human cultured on feeder cells
<img file="MX343786B_D0012.tif" />
IMPI mixmican nemuro □ t THE INDUSTRIAL PAOMBDAD of adult skin fibroblasts preserve the morphology of the human embryonic stem cell and remain pluripotent ”.
United States Patent No. 20020072117 describes cell lines that produce media that support the growth of primate pluripotent stem cells in a feeder-free culture. The cell lines used are fibroblast-like mesenchymal cell lines, obtained from embryonic tissue or differentiated from embryonic stem cells. United States Patent No. 20020072117 further describes the use of cell lines as a primary cell feeder layer.
In another example, Wang et al. (Stem Cells 23: describe methods for long-term growth of human stem cells on feeder cell layers derived from human embryonic stem cells.
In another example Stojkovic et al. (Stem Cells 2005 23: 306-314, 2005) describe a system of feeder cells derived from spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.
In a further example, Miyamoto et al. (Stem Cells 22: 433-440, 2004) describe a source of feeder cells that are obtained from the human placenta.
Amit et al., (Biol. Reprod 68: describe a layer of feeder cells derived from human foreskin.
<img file="MX343786B_D0013.tif" />
In another example Inzunza et al. (Stem Cells 23: 54T-549,2ffff5) describe a layer of feeder cells from postnatal foreskin fibroblasts.
United States Patent No. 6642048 describes the media that support the growth of primate pluripotent stem cells (pPS) in a feeder-free culture and the cell lines useful for the production of such media. United States Patent No.
US6642048 states: "This invention includes fibroblast-like and mesenchymal cell lines obtained from embryonic tissue or differentiated from embryonic stem cells. The methods for deriving such cell lines, processing the media and growing the stem cells using the conditioned media are described and illustrated in this disclosure. "
In another example, patent no. W02005014799 describes the conditioned medium for the maintenance, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells. Patent W02005014799 states: "The culture medium produced in accordance with the present invention is conditioned by the cellular secretory activity of murine cells; in particular, those immortalized and differentiated transgenic hepatocytes, named MMH (Murine Hepatocyte Met). ”
In another example, Xu et al. (Stem Cells 22: 972-980, 2004) describe a conditioned medium obtained from derivatives of human embryonic stem cells that have been genetically engineered to overexpress human telomerase reverse transcriptase.
<img file="MX343786B_D0014.tif" />
IMPI
In another example, the United States patent
20070010011 describes a chemically defined culture medium for the maintenance of pluripotent stem cells.
An alternative culture system employs a serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors, capable of promoting the proliferation of embryonic stem cells. For example, Cheon et al. (BioReprod DOI: 10.1095 / biolreprod. 105.046870, October 19, 2005) describe a serum-free, feeder cell-free culture system, in which embryonic stem cells are maintained in an unconditioned serum replacement (RS) medium supplemented with various growth factors capable of of activating the self-renewal of embryonic stem cells.
In another example Levenstein et al. (Stem Cells 24: 568-574, 2006) describe methods for long-term culture of embryonic stem cells in the absence of fibroblasts or conditioned medium, using media supplemented with bFGF.
In another example, U.S. Patent No. 20050148070 describes a method of culturing human embryonic stem cells in defined media without serum and without fibroblast feeder cells, the method comprises: culturing the stem cells in a culture medium containing albumin, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, at least one transferrin or transferrin substitute, at least one insulin or insulin substitute; the culture medium is essentially free of mammalian fetal serum and contains at least about 100 ng / ml of a
IMPIAS
ΠΟηΠΟ MEXICANO ^ Μ ** · ν * »· 'Ot ΙΑ woheoad ·« »*; industrial —- fibroblast growth factor capable of activating a receptor for _____ fibroblast growth factor signaling, where growth factor is supplied from another source than the fibroblast feeder layer, the medium supported proliferation of stem cells in the undifferentiated state without feeder cells or conditioned medium.
In another example, US Patent 20050233446 describes a useful defined medium for culturing stem cells, including undifferentiated primate stem cells. In solution, the medium is substantially isotonic compared to the cultured stem cells. In a given culture, the particular medium comprises a base medium and an amount of each of bFGF, insulin and ascorbic acid necessary to support undifferentiated growth of stem cells.
In another example, US Patent 6800480 states "In one embodiment, a cell culture medium is provided for the cultivation of primate-derived primordial stem cells in a substantially undifferentiated state, which includes a basic medium under low endotoxins osmotic pressure, which is effective in supporting the growth of primate-derived primordial stem cells. The basic medium is combined with a nutrient serum effective in supporting the growth of primate-derived stem cells and a substrate selected from the group consisting of feeder cells and a component of the extracellular matrix derived from feeder cells. The medium also includes non-essential amino acids, an „IMPI
3 ΙΝΛΤΠΓΓΟ MtXICANO
I heard INDIISTUAL PROPERTY antioxidant and a first growth factor, selected from the groin fueinadu by nucleosides and a pyruvate salt ”.
In another example, U.S. Patent No. US20050244962 states: "In one aspect, the invention provides a method of culturing primate embryonic stem cells. Stem cells are grown in a culture essentially free of mammalian fetal serum (preferably, additionally, essentially free of any animal serum) and in the presence of fibroblast growth factor that is supplied from a different source than simply a fibroblast feeder layer. . In a preferred form, the fibroblast feeder layer, previously required to maintain a stem cell culture, is unnecessary due to the addition of sufficient fibroblast growth factor. "
In a further example, patent no. W02005065354 describes a defined isotonic culture medium, which is essentially free of the feeder and free of serum, comprising: a. a basal medium; b. an amount of bFGF sufficient to support the growth of substantially undifferentiated mammalian stem cells; c. an amount of basic fibroblast growth factor sufficient to support the growth of substantially undifferentiated mammalian stem cells; and d. an amount of ascorbic acid sufficient to support the growth of substantially undifferentiated mammalian stem cells.
In another example, patent no. W02005086845 describes a method for maintaining an undifferentiated stem cell, said<sub>24</sub> IMPIf
ΜΠΤΓυΤΟ MKXICANO ♦
OF LA PRCHEDAD
INDUSTRUt method involves exposing a stem cell to a member of the 4th growth transforming factor protein family beta (TGF-β), a member of the fibroblast growth protein family (FGF), or nicotinamide (NIC) in an amount enough to keep the cell in an undifferentiated state for long enough to achieve the desired result.
Pluripotent stem cells can be plated on a suitable culture substrate. In one embodiment, the suitable culture substrate is an extracellular matrix component, such as, for example, those derived from the basement membrane or that may form part of the molecular adhesion of receptor-ligand couplings. In one embodiment the suitable culture substrate is MATRIGEL® (Becton Dickenson). MATRIGEL® is a soluble Engelbreth-Holm Swarm tumor cell preparation that is gelled at room temperature to form a reconstituted basement membrane.
Other extracellular matrix components and component mixtures are suitable as an alternative. Depending on the type of cell that is proliferating, this may include laminin, fibronectin, proteoglycan, entactin, heparan sulfate and the like, alone or in different combinations.
Pluripotent stem cells can be plated on the substrate in a suitable distribution and in the presence of a medium that promotes the survival, spread and retention of cells with desirable characteristics. All these characteristics benefit from the attention paid in the seeding distribution and can be quickly determined by someone with knowledge in the field.
! J »
<img file="MX343786B_D0015.tif" />
nwrmno mexican
OF EA MONEDAD INDUSTRIAL
A suitable culture medium can be made <sup>Q</sup> p<sup>Qrtir</sup> do the following components, such as, for example, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), Gibco no. 11965-092; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Locking Medium (KO DMEM), Gibco no. 10829-018; Ham F12 / DMEM 50% base medium; 200 mM L-glutamine, Gibco no. 15039-027; non-essential amino acid solution, Gibco 11140-050; β-mercaptoethanol, Sigma no. M7522; Recombinant Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Gibco no. 13256-029.
Formation of cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage from stem cells
In one embodiment the present invention provides a method of producing cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage from stem cells; The method comprises the following stages:
to. Cultivate pluripotent stem cells,
b. Differentiate pluripotent stem cells into cells that express markers characteristic of the final endoderm lineage;
c. Differentiate cells that express characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage into cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage; and • t—
<img file="MX343786B_D0016.tif" />
IMPI
WSTTTUTOMeuCANO HEARD THE NORBIDITY •
<img file="MX343786B_D0017.tif" />
d. Differentiate cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage into cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage.
In one aspect of the present invention, cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
Differentiation of pluripotential stem cells into cells that express markers characteristic of the final endoderm lineage;
The formation of cells expressing markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage can be determined by testing in the presence of the markers before and after following a specific protocol. Pluripotent stem cells typically express minimal amounts of such markers. Therefore, the differentiation of the pluripotent cells is detected when the cells begin to express them.
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into cells that express the characteristic markers of the final endoderm lineage by any method in the art or by any method proposed in this invention.
For example, stem cells can be differentiated into cells that express markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage in accordance with the methods described in D'Amour et al., Nature Biotechnology 23, 1534-1541 (2005).
'ΙΜΡΪ |
For example, stem cells may be differentiated into cells that express markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage in accordance with the methods described in
Shinozaki et al., Development 131, 1651-1662 (2004).
For example, stem cells can differentiate into cells that express the characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage in accordance with the methods described in McLean et al., Stem Cells 25, 29-38 (2007).
For example, stem cells can be differentiated into cells that express markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage in accordance with the methods described in D'Amour et al., Nature Biotechnology 24, 1392-1401 (2006).
For example, pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into cells that express the characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by culturing the pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A in the absence of serum, then culturing the cells with activin A and serum, and then culturing the cells with activin A and serum of a different concentration. An example of this method is explained in Nature Biotechnology 23, 1534-1541 (2005).
For example, pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into cells expressing the characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by culturing the pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A in the absence of serum, then culturing the
<img file="MX343786B_D0018.tif" />
i. IMPI '-®s
<img file="MX343786B_D0019.tif" />
cells with activin A and serum of different concentration, the example of citr - method is explained in D 'Amour et al., Nature Biotechnology, 2005.
For example, pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into cells expressing the characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by culturing the pluripotent stem cells in a medium containing activin A and a Wnt ligand in the absence of serum, then removing the Wnt ligand and culturing the cells with activin A and serum. An example of this method is explained in Nature Biotechnology 24.1392-1401 (2006).
For example, pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11 / 736,908 assigned to LifeScan, Inc.
For example, pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11 / 779,311, assigned to LifeScan, Inc.
For example, pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60 / 990,529.
IMPI
<img file="MX343786B_D0020.tif" />
For example, stem cells pluripoteot6S__sfi__pueíjÉ! L ______ differentiate into cells expressing markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 076,889.
For example, pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 076,900.
For example, pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61 / 076,908.
For example, pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage by treating pluripotent stem cells according to the methods described in US patent application Ser. 61 / 076,915.
IMPI <sup>OF</sup> iNDUSTMAt
Differentiation of cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage into cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage
Cells expressing the characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage can be differentiated into cells that express the characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage by any method in the art or any method proposed in this invention.
For example, cells expressing characteristic markers for the definitive endoderm lineage can be differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers for the pancreatic endoderm lineage in accordance with the methods described in D'Amour et al., Nature Biotechnol. 24: 1392-1401,2006.
In one embodiment, cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage co express PDX1, NKX6.1, but minimal amounts of CDX2 and NGN3.
In one embodiment, cells that express markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage differentiate into cells that express markers characteristic of the pancreatic endoderm lineage that co-express PDX1, NKX6.1, but minimal amounts of CDX2 and NGN3 by culturing cells expressing characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage in a first medium supplemented with FGF7 and subsequently culturing the cells in a second medium supplemented with
<img file="MX343786B_D0021.tif" />
FGF7, a factor with the ability to inhibit BMP, a receptor agonist for TGFp, retinoic acid, and an inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.
In one embodiment, FGF7 can be used at a concentration of from about 50 ng / ml to about 50 pg / ml. In one embodiment, FGF7 is used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
In one embodiment the factor with the ability to inhibit BMP is nogina. Nogina can be used at a concentration of about 500 ng / ml to about 500 pg / ml. In one embodiment, nogin is used at a concentration of 100 ng / ml.
In one embodiment the TGFp receptor antagonist is selected from the group consisting of activin A, activin B, TGFp-Ι, TGFP-II, GDF-8 and GDF-11.
Activin A can be used at a concentration of about 2 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml. In one embodiment, activin A is used at a concentration of 20 ng / ml. In an alternate modality, activin A is used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
Activin B can be used at a concentration of about 2 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml. In one embodiment, activin B is used at a concentration of 20 ng / ml. In an alternate modality, activin B is used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
TGFp-Ι can be used at a concentration of about 2 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml. In a TGFp-modalidad modality a
IMPI
<img file="MX343786B_D0022.tif" />
a concentration of 20 ng / ml. In an alternate modality TGFft-l be used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
TGFp-ll can be used at a concentration of about 2 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml. In a TGFp-ll modality it is used at a concentration of 20 ng / ml. In an alternate modality TGFP-II is used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
GDF-8 can be used at a concentration of about 2 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml. In one embodiment, GDF-8 is used at a concentration of 20 ng / ml. In an alternative embodiment, GDF-8 is used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
GDF-11 can be used at a concentration of about 2 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml. In one embodiment GDF-11 is used at a concentration of 20 ng / ml. In an alternate embodiment GDF-11 is used at a concentration of 50 ng / ml.
Retinoic acid can be used at a concentration of from about 1 nM to about i mM. In one embodiment retinoic acid is used at a concentration of 1 µΜ.
In one embodiment the inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway is cyclopamine-KAAD. Cyclopamine-KAAD can be used at a concentration of from about 0.025 pmM to about 2.5 µΜ. In one embodiment, cyclopamine-KAAD is used at a concentration of 0.25 µΜ.
Differentiation efficiency can be determined by exposing a population of treated cells to an agent (such as an antibody) that
<img file="MX343786B_D0023.tif" />
specifically recognizes a protein media express marker
ΙΜ <sup>w</sup> indüswa<sup>1</sup>
<img file="MX343786B_D0024.tif" />
they express the characteristic markers of the final endoderm lineage.
Methods for evaluating the expression of nucleic and protein acid markers in isolated or cultured cells are standard in the art. These include quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern membrane, in situ hybridization (see, eg, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Ausubel et al., Eds. 2001 supplement)) and immunoassays, such as immunohistochemical analysis of sectioned material, Western blotting and for markers that are accessible in intact cells, flow cytometric analysis (FACS) (see, for example, Harlow and Lañe, Using Antibodies : A Laboratory Manual, New York: Coid Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1998)).
The characteristics of pluripotent stem cells are known to those of skill in the art, and the additional characteristics of pluripotent stem cells continue to be identified. Pluripotential stem cell markers include, for example, expression of one or more of the following: ABCG2, CRYPT, FOXD3, Connexin43, Connexin45, OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, hTERT, UTF1, ZFP42, SSEA-3, SSEA- 4, Tra 1-60, Tra 1-81.
After treating pluripotent stem cells with the methods of the present invention, the differentiated cells can be purified by exposing a population of treated cells to an agent (such as an antibody) that specifically recognizes a marker
<img file="MX343786B_D0025.tif" />
protein, such as CXCR4, expressed by cells expressing the characteristic markers of the final endoderm lineage.
Pluripotent stem cells suitable for use in the present invention include, for example, the H9 human embryonic stem cell line (NIH code: WA09), the H1 human embryonic stem cell line (NIH code: WA01), the cell line human embryonic stem H7 (NIH code: WA07), and the human embryonic stem cell line SA002 (Cellartis, Sweden). Also suitable for use in the present invention are cells expressing at least one of the following characteristic markers for pluripotent cells: ABCG2, crypto, CD9, FOXD3, CONNEXIN43, CONNEXIN45, OCT4, SOX2, Nanog, hTERT, UTF1, ZFP42 , SSEA-3, SSEA-4, Tra 1-60 and Tra 1-81.
Characteristic markers for the definitive endoderm lineage are selected from the group consisting of SOX17, GATA4, HNF3 beta, GSC, CER1, Nodal, FGF8, brachyura, mix-type homeosequence protein, FGF4, CD48, eomesodermine (EOMES), DKK4, FGF17 , 'GATA6, CXCR4, C-Kit, CD99 and OTX2. For use in the present invention, a cell expressing at least one of the characteristic markers of the definitive endoderm lineage is appropriate. In one aspect of the present invention, a cell that expresses markers characteristic of the final endoderm lineage is a primitive line precursor cell. In an alternative aspect, a cell that expresses markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage is a mesendodermal cell. In a
<img file="MX343786B_D0026.tif" />
IMPI '“TVKSSSKS alternative aspect, a cell that expresses markers characteristic of the definitive endoderm lineage is a cell of the definitive endoderm.
The characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage are selected from the group consisting of PDX1, NKX6.1, HNF1 beta, PTF1 alpha, HNF6, HNF4 alpha, SOX9, HB9 and PROX1. For use in the present invention, a cell expressing at least one of the characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage is appropriate. In one aspect of the present invention, a cell that expresses characteristic pancreatic endoderm lineage markers is a pancreatic endoderm cell.
Differentiation of cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage into cells expressing markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage
In one embodiment, cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage are further differentiated into cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage.
In one embodiment, cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage co express PDX1, NKX6.1, but minimal amounts of CDX2 and NGN3.
In one embodiment, cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
<img file="MX343786B_D0027.tif" />
IMPI
In one embodiment, cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage differentiate into cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon, by culturing cells that express characteristic markers of the lineage of the pancreatic endoderm in a medium supplemented with a factor capable of inhibiting BMP, a TGFp receptor signaling inhibitor and a protein kinase C activator.
In one embodiment the factor with the ability to inhibit BMP is nogina. Nogina can be used at a concentration of about 500 ng / ml to about 500 pg / ml. In one embodiment, nogin is used at a concentration of 100 ng / ml.
In one embodiment, the TGFp receptor signaling inhibitor is an ALK5 inhibitor. In one embodiment, the ALK5 inhibitor is the ALK5 II inhibitor. The ALK5 II inhibitor could be used at a concentration of about 0.1 µΜ to about 10 µΜ. In one embodiment, the ALK5 II inhibitor is used at a concentration of 1 µΜ.
In one embodiment, protein kinase C activator is selected from the group consisting of (2S, 5S) - (E, E) -8- (5- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -
2,4-pentadienoylamino) benzolactam, Indolactam V, and phorbol-12-myristate-13acetate. In one embodiment, the protein kinase C activator is (2S, 5S) - (E, E) -8- (5- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -2,4-pentadienoylamino) benzolactam. (2S, 5S) - (E, E) -8- (5- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -2,4-pentadiene-lamin) benzolactam
Ib
INSTTTV could be used at a concentration of about 20 nM to about 500 nM. (2S, 5S) - (E, E) -8- (5- (4- (Trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -2,4 pentadienoylamino) benzolactam, Indolactam V, and phorbol-12-myristate-13acetate are known in the present description as " TPB ”.
<img file="MX343786B_D0028.tif" />
The characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage are selected from the group consisting of NEUROD, ISL1, PDX1, NKX6.1, NKX2.2, PAX4 and PAX6. In one embodiment, cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage co-express NKX6.1 and insulin, and minimal amounts of glucagon.
Therapies
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from, or at risk of developing, Type 1 diabetes. In one embodiment, the method includes culturing pluripotent stem cells, differentiating pluripotent stem cells into cells expressing characteristic markers of pancreatic endocrine lineage and implanting cells expressing characteristic markers of pancreatic endocrine lineage in a patient.
In yet another aspect, this invention provides a method of treating a patient suffering from, or at risk of developing, Type 2 diabetes. In one embodiment, the method includes culturing pluripotent stem cells, differentiating pluripotent stem cells in vitro in cells expressing markers characteristic of the endocrine lineage
IMPI 'SXSSKS pancreatic and implant cells expressing pancreatic endocrine lineage LdidCleristicos in a patient.
If appropriate, the patient can also be treated with pharmaceutical or bioactive agents that facilitate the survival and function of the transplanted cells. These agents may include, for example, insulin, members of the TGF-β family, including TGF-βΙ, 2 and 3, bone morphogenic proteins (BMP-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -11, -12 and -13), fibroblast growth factors -1 and -2, platelet-derived growth factor -AA and -BB, platelet-rich plasma, insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I , II), differentiation and growth factor (GDF-5, -6, -7, -8, 10, -15), growth factor derived from vascular endothelial cells (VEGF), pleiotrophin, endothelin, among others. Other pharmaceutical compounds may include, for example, nicotinamide, glucagon-like peptide -I and -II (GLP-1, mimetibody GLP-1 and 2, Exendin-4, retinoic acid, parathyroid hormone, MAPK inhibitors, such as, for example , compounds described in United States published application No. 2004/0209901 and United States published patent application no. 2004/0132729.
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into insulin-producing cells prior to transplantation into a recipient. In a specific embodiment, pluripotent stem cells are fully differentiated into β cells before being transplanted into the recipient. Alternatively, pluripotent stem cells can be transplanted into
<img file="MX343786B_D0029.tif" />
IMPI • “W, SE a receiver in an undifferentiated or partially differentiated state. Another differentiation may occur at the receptor.
Definitive endodermal cells or pancreatic endodermal cells or β cells can either implant as scattered cells or form clusters that can be infused into the hepatic portal vein. Alternatively, cells can be provided on biocompatible degradable polymeric supports, porous non-degradable devices or encapsulated to protect them from the host's immune response. The cells can be implanted at an appropriate location in a receptor. Implant sites include, for example, the liver, natural pancreas, renal subcapsular space, omentum, peritoneum, subserosal space, intestine, stomach, or a subcutaneous pocket.
To enhance other differentiation, survival, or activity of the implanted cells, additional factors such as growth factors, antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agents can be administered before, simultaneously with, or after administration of the cells. In certain embodiments, growth factors are used to differentiate cells administered in vivo. These factors can be secreted by endogenous cells and exposed to cells administered in situ. Implanted cells can be induced to differentiate by any combination of growth factors known in the art exogenously and endogenously administered.
<img file="MX343786B_D0030.tif" />
The number of cells used in the depanda-de-tm implant — number of diverse factors, including the patient's condition and response to therapy, can be determined by a person skilled in the art.
In one aspect, this invention provides a method of treating a patient who suffers from, or is at risk of developing diabetes.
This method involves the cultivation of stem cells, the differentiation of cells grown in vitro in a β-cell line and the incorporation of cells in a three-dimensional support. The cells can be kept in vitro on this support before being implanted in the patient. Alternatively, it is possible to implant the support containing the cells directly into the patient without prior additional in vitro culture. The support can optionally be incorporated with at least one pharmaceutical agent that facilitates the survival and function of the transplanted cells.
Support materials suitable for use for the purposes of the present invention include tissue patterns, ducts, barriers, and reservoirs useful for tissue repair. In particular, synthetic and natural materials in the form of foams, sponges, gels, hydrogels, textiles, and nonwoven fabric structures, which have been used in vitro and in vivo to rebuild or regenerate biological tissues, in addition to releasing chemotactic agents to induce tissue growth are appropriate for use in practicing the methods of the present invention. See, for example, the materials described in United States Patent No.
5,770,417, US Patent No. 6,022,743, US Patent
<img file="MX343786B_D0031.tif" />
IMPI πβτπυιο mhucano OE LA MOREDA !;
INDUSTRIAL United States no. 5,567,612, US patent
5,759,830, US Patent No. 6,626,950, US Patent No. 6,534,084, US Patent No. 6,306,424, US Patent No. 6,365,149, US Patent No. 6,599,323, US Patent No. 6,656,488, United States published patent application no. 2004/0062753 A1, United States Patent No. 4,557,264 and United States Patent No. 6,333,029.
To form an incorporated support with a pharmaceutical agent, this agent can be mixed with the polymer solution before forming the support. Alternatively, a pharmaceutical agent could be coated onto a prefabricated carrier, preferably in the presence of a carrier. The pharmaceutical agent may be present as a liquid, a precisely divided solid, or in any other appropriate physical form. Alternatively, excipients can be added to the support to change the rate of release of the pharmaceutical agent. In an alternative embodiment, the support is incorporated with at least one pharmaceutical compound that is an anti-inflammatory compound, such as, for example, the compounds described in U.S. Patent No. 6,509,369.
The support can be incorporated with at least one pharmaceutical compound that is an anti-apoptotic compound, such as, for example, the compounds described in United States Patent No. 6,793,945.
<img file="MX343786B_D0032.tif" />
IMPI
Furthermore, the support can be incorporated with the monog tmr pharmaceutical compound which is a fibrosis inhibitor, such as, for example, the compounds described in US Patent No. 6,331,298.
Furthermore, the support can be incorporated with at least one pharmaceutical compound that is capable of increasing angiogenesis, such as, for example, the compounds described in United States published patent application no. 2004/0220393 and United States Published Patent Application No. 2004/0209901.
Furthermore, the support can be incorporated with at least one pharmaceutical compound that is an immunosuppressive compound, such as, for example, the compounds described in United States published patent application no. 2004/0171623.
The support may also be incorporated into at least one pharmaceutical compound that is a growth factor such as, for example, members of the TGF-β family, including TGF-βΙ, 2 and 3, bone morphogenic proteins (BMP-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -11, -12 and -13), fibroblast growth factors -1 and -2, platelet-derived growth factor -AA and -BB, plasma rich in platelets, insulin growth factor (IGF-I, II) differentiation and growth factor (GDF-5, -6, -8, -10, -15), growth factor derived from vascular endothelial cells (VEGF), pleiotrophin, endothelin, among others. Other pharmaceutical compounds may include, for example, nicotinamide, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, glucagon-like peptide -I (GLP-1), mimetibody GLP-1 and GLP-2, and II, Exendin-4, nodal, nogina. , NGF, retinoic acid, parathyroid hormone, tenascin C, tro
<img file="MX343786B_D0033.tif" />
<img file="MX343786B_D0034.tif" />
thrombin derivatives, cathelicidins, defensins, laminin, biological peptides containing cell-binding and heparin-binding domains from extracellular adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and vitronectin, MAPK inhibitors, such as, for example, compounds disclosed in the published patent application of the United States no. 2004/0209901 and United States Published Patent Application No. 2004/0132729.
Incorporation of the cells of the present invention into a supercount can be accomplished by simply depositing the cells into the super count. Cells can enter the supercount by simple diffusion (J. Pediatr. Surg. 23 (1 Pt 2): 3-9 (1988)). Other approaches have been developed to increase the efficiency of cell propagation. For example, shake flasks have been used in the propagation of chondrocytes in polycyclic acid supercontains (Biotechnol. Prog. 14 (2): 193-202 (1998)). Another approach to cell propagation is the use of centrifugation, which produces minimal effort on the seeded cells and increases the efficiency of propagation. For example, Yang et al. Developed a cell seeding method (J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 55 (3): 379-86 (2001)) called centrifugal cell immobilization (ICC).
The present invention is illustrated, but not limited by the following examples.
<img file="MX343786B_D0035.tif" />
Examples
IMPI mexican twmvro OF THE INDUSTRIAL RRORtlOAD
<img file="MX343786B_D0036.tif" />
Example 1
Formation of a population of cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express insulin and NKX6.1, and minimal amounts of glucaqon
Cells from the H1 human embryonic stem cell line were cultured on MATRIGEL® coated plates (1:30 dilution) (BD Biosciences; Cat #: 356231) with RPMI medium (Invitrogen; Cat #: 22400 ) + 0.2% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A (PeproTech; cat. No .: 120-14) + 20 ng / ml WNT-3a (R&D Systems; no. Cat .: 1324-WN / CF) for one day, followed by treatment with RPMI medium + 0.5% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A for an additional two days (Step 1), then
to. DMEM / F12 (lnvitrogen; cat. No .: 11330-032) + 2% FBS + 50 ng / ml FGF7 (PeproTech; cat. No .: 100-19) for three days (Stage 2), after ,
b. High DMEM-glucose (Invitrogen; cat. No .: 10569) + 1% B27 + 50 ng / ml FGF7 + 0.25 pM cyclopamine KAAD (Calbiochem; cat. No .: 239804) +100 ng / ml Noggin (R&D Systems; Cat.No .: 3344-NG) for four days (Step 3), then
c. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 (Invitrogen; cat. No .: 0791) + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 pM ALK5 II inhibitor
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO or * la psoheoad (Axxora; cat. No .: ALX-270-445) + 500 nM TBP ((2S, 5S) - (E, E) -8- (5- (4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) -2,4 pentadienoylamino) benzolactam) (Calbiochem; cat. no .: 565740) for six days (Step 4).
As a control, individual populations of cells were treated with
High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 pM ALK5 II inhibitor for six days (Step 4, control group).
As shown in Figures 1A-1D, TBP treatment in step 4 resulted in an increase in insulin-expressing cells (Figure 10 1A). Approximately 60% of these insulin-expressing cells were observed to be single endocrine hormone-expressing cells, where the cells expressed insulin and did not express glucagon, somatostatin, and ghrelin (Figure 1A and 1B, Figure 5D, and 5E). In addition, glucagon-expressing cells were observed in cultures that received TBP treatment. Most of the 15 glucagon-expressing cells further co-expressed insulin (Figures 1A and
1 B). For the control group, most cells co-expressed insulin and glucagon (Figures 1C and 1D).
In an individual experiment, cells from the human H1 embryonic stem cell line were plated on plates coated with> 0 dilution) with RPMI medium + 0.2% FBS + 100 ng / ml 20 ng / ml WNT-3a, for one day followed by treatment
MI + 0.5% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A for two days
Stage 1), then
ΙΜΡΠ
Mexican INSTITUTE V,
OF THE PROPERTY
INDUSTRIAL
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + 50 ng / ml FGF7 for days (step 2), then
b. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 µΜ cyclopamine KAAD + 2 µΜ retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin for four days (Stage 3), then
c. Treatment 1: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 +
100 ng / ml of Noggin + 1 μΜ of ALK5 II + inhibitor
500 nM of TBP for six days (Stage 4, Treatment 1) or
d. Treatment 2: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 +
100 ng / ml of Noggin + 1 μΜ of ALK5 II + inhibitor
100 nM of TBP for six days (Stage 4, Treatment 2), or
and. Treatment 3: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 +
100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 µΜ ALK5 II inhibitor + 20 nM TBP for six days (Step 4, Treatment 3), or
F. Treatment 4: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 +
100 ng / ml of Noggin + 1 μΜ of ALK5 II inhibitor for six days (Step 4, Treatment 4).
Immunocytochemical analysis was used to map the effects of different concentrations of TPB on the formation of the cells of the present invention. Significant increases in the number of single cells expressing insulin were observed in the 500 nM and 100 nM TPB treatment groups (Figures 2A and 2B). The FACS analysis confirmed that both treatments originated 12% of single cells that express
<img file="MX343786B_D0037.tif" />
IMPI insulin in vitro and 15% of that population also expressed NKX6,
- the cells that expressed NKX6.1 / INS were 2.4% of the total population).
At 20 nM TPB, similar to the control group, most cells co-expressed insulin and glucagon (Figures 2C and 2D).
Table 1. Expression of characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage, shown as a percentage of the total cell population.
<td></td><td>Synaptopphysin</td><td>INS</td><td>NKX6.1</td><td>NKX6.1 / INS</td>
<td>TPB (500 nM)</td><td> 38.3 %</td><td> 9.4 %</td><td> 45.7 %</td><td> 2.4 %</td>
<td>TPB (100 nM)</td><td> 47.6 %</td><td> 14.4%</td><td> 34.8 %</td><td> 3.1 %</td>
In order to further confirm that the effect on endocrine hormone expressing cell formation was mediated by activation of protein kinase C, individual populations of cells from human embryonic stem cells H1 were cultured on MATRIGEL® coated plates (1 : 30 dilution) with RPMI medium + 0.2% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A + 20 ng / ml WNT-3a for one day, followed by treatment with RPMI medium + 0.5% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A for an additional two days (Step 1), then
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + FGF7 at 50 ng / ml for three days (step 2), then
<img file="MX343786B_D0038.tif" />
<sub>48</sub> IMPI
INSTITUTE Μ £ ΧΙ € ΑΝΟ
1.A PWWSnM *
ΙΝΓΜβΓΡΙΛί.
b. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 pM-d »-cyclopamin— KAAD + 2 μΜ retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin for four days (Stage 3), then
c. Treatment 5: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 µΜ ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TBP for six days (Step 4, Treatment 5) or
d. Treatment 6: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 µΜ ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TPB + 5 µΜ Go 6976 for six days (Stage 4, Treatment 6), or
and. Treatment 7: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 μΜ ALK5 II inhibitor (Step 4, Treatment 7), then
F. DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 for four days (Stage 5).
Go 6976 is known to selectively inhibit Ca-dependent protein kinase C isoforms<sup>2+</sup>. A significant decrease in the number of cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage in cultures of TPB alone (Figure 3A) and TPB and GO 6976 (Figure 3B). The FACS analysis confirmed that the TPB treatment (Treatment 6) originated 30.6% of synaptophysin, 12% of single cells that express insulin and 4.6% of cells that express glucagon. On the other hand, the treatment of TBP and GO 6976 (Treatment 7) originated 10.6% of synaptophysin and an undetectable level of single cells that express insulin (Table 2). There was no<sub>49</sub> IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO • ε LA HtOTIEDAD INDUSTRIAL differs in the total number of cells observed between Treatment f and Treatment 7. (See Figures 3C and 3D, which show DAPI staining, reflecting the total number of cells in Treatment 6 and Treatment 7). These results suggest that protein kinase C signaling could be important for the formation of cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage.
In addition, other protein kinase C activators were tested. These were Indolactam V (ILV) (Axxora; cat. No .: ALX-420-011-C300) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (Calbiochem; cat. No .: 524400). However, only TPB demonstrated the formation of single cells that express insulin (Figure 4A). ILV (Figure 4B) and PMA (Figure 4C) at 500 nM originated cells that co-express insulin and glucagon after six days. The FACS analysis confirmed that the TPB treatment originated 12% of single cells that express insulin and 4.6% of cells that express glucagon, and 7.1% of cells that co-express insulin and glucagon. On the other hand, the ILV treatment originated 3% of single cells that express insulin and 12% of glucagon cells, and 12% of cells that co-express insulin and glucagon (Table 2). Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that in cultures treated with TPB, 20% of insulin-expressing cells co-expressed NKX6.1 (Figure 5A) and PDX1 (Figure 5B). Most insulin-expressing cells co-expressed NEUROD, an endocrine marker (Figure 5C). Very few of the insulin-expressing cells co-expressed somatostatin or ghrelin (GHRL) (Figures 5D and 5E).
<img file="MX343786B_D0039.tif" />
Table 2. Expression of characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage, shown as a percentage of the total cell population.
<td></td><td>TPB</td><td>ILV</td><td>TPB + GO6976</td>
<td>Synaptopphysin</td><td> 30.6 %</td><td> 56.8 %</td><td> 10.6%</td>
<td>INS</td><td> 12%</td><td> 3%</td><td> -</td>
<td>GCG</td><td> 4.6 %</td><td> 12.6%</td><td> 3.1 %</td>
<td>INS / GCG</td><td> 7.1 %</td><td> 12.9%</td><td> 4%</td>
Example 2
An alternative method for the formation of a population of cells expressing markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-express insulin and NKX6.1, v minimal amounts of qlucaqon
In an individual experiment, cells from the H1 human embryonic stem cell line were grown in MATRIGEL® coated plates (1:30 dilution) with RPMI medium + 0.2% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A + 20 ng / ml of WNT-3a, for one day followed by treatment with RPMI medium + 0.5% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A for two additional days (Step 1), then,
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + FGF7 at 50 ng / ml for three days (step 2), then
b. Treatment 8: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 50 ng / ml FGF7 + 0.25 pM cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 pM retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 20 ng / ml Activin A + a p38 kinase inhibitor (described
<img file="MX343786B_D0040.tif" />
IMPI in United States Patent No.
<img file="MX343786B_D0041.tif" />
2.5 μΜ) for four days (Stage 3, Treatment 8) or
c. Treatment 9: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 µΜ cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 µΜ retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin for four days (Stage 3, Treatment 9 ), after,
d. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 µΜ ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TPB for six days (Step 4).
Stage 3 of Treatment 8 resulted in the formation of a population of cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage that co-expressed PDX1 and NKX6.1, but did not express CDX2 and NGN3. On the other hand, stage 3 of treatment 9 resulted in the formation of a population of cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage that co-expressed PDX1, NKX6.1 and NGN3. The effects of protein kinase C activator treatment on these cell populations were examined (Step 4 described above).
FACS analysis was performed to determine the percentage of insulin positive single cells, glucagon positive single cells, insulin / glucagon double positive cells, cells expressing NKX6.1 positive cells, insulin / NKX6.1 positive cells. and synaptophysin positive cells (a pancreatic endocrine marker).
<img file="MX343786B_D0042.tif" />
As shown in Table 3, the cell population 'formed with Treatment 8 originated a higher percentage of endocrine cells, as evidenced by synaptophysin expression: 49.7% of the total cell population expressed synaptophysin. 27.8% of the total population were single insulin positive cells.
On the other hand, the cell population formed with treatment 9 only gave rise to 25.7% of cells that express synaptophysin, 7.6% of the total population were single cells that express insulin. No significant difference was observed between single glucagon-expressing cells in both treatments, and the percentage of glucagon-expressing cells was significantly lower than insulin-expressing cells.
A significant number of insulin-expressing cells further co-expressed NKX6.1. In populations of cells that received treatment 8, 11% of the total population expressed insulin and NKX6.1. In populations of cells that received treatment 9, 2% of the total population expressed insulin and NKX6.1.
Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the above (Figures 6A-6F). Treatment 8 resulted in an increase in insulin-expressing cells compared to Treatment 9 (Figures 6A and 6D). Most of the glucagon-expressing cells were polyhormonal cells (Figures 6A, 6B, 6D and 6E). These results suggest that the population of cells generated by treatment 8 (cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage that co-expressed PDX1 and ΝΚΧ6.1, but did not express ΓIT '? Χ NONO) plLdíñ be induced more efficiently so that they are converted into mature and functional insulin-expressing cells by the methods of the present invention.
Table 3. Expression of characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage shown as a percentage of the total cell population.
ΙΤΛΡΙ <8 ^
<td></td><td>Synaptopphysin</td><td>Insulin</td><td>Glucagon</td><td>Insulin / glii cagón</td><td>NKX6.1</td><td>Nkx6.1 / ins ulina</td>
<td>T8</td><td> 49.7 %</td><td> 27.8 %</td><td> 2.0 %</td><td> 16.4 %</td><td> 44.2 %</td><td> 11.0%</td>
<td>T9</td><td> 25.7 %</td><td> 7.6 %</td><td> 2.5 %</td><td> 4.9 %</td><td> 61.7%</td><td> 2.0 %</td>
Example 3
An alternative method of forming a population of cells that expresses markers characteristic of the pancreatic endocrine lineage that co-expresses insulin and NKX6.1, and minimal amounts of glucagon
In another embodiment, cells from the human embryonic stem cell H1 line were cultured on MATRIGEL® coated plates (1:30 dilution) with RPMI medium + 0.2% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A + 20 ng / ml WNT -3a for one day followed by treatment with RPMI medium + 0.5% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A for two additional days (Step 1), then
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + FGF7 at 50 ng / ml for three days (step 2), then
b. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 50 ng / ml FGF7 +
0.25 μΜ cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 pM retinoic acid (RA,
IMPI | mnTUT * MEMCM «C>
MU ** »*<sup>15</sup>
IM0USTMN) + 100 ng / ml Noggira and 20 ng / ml Activin A + a p38 kinase inhibitor (JNJ3026582, a
2.5 pM) for four days (Stage 3), then
c. Treatment 10: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 pM ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TPB for six days (Step 4, Treatment 10) or
d. Treatment 11: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 +
100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 pM ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TPB for nine days (Step 4, Treatment 11) or
and. Treatment 12: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ng / ml Noggin + 1 pM ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TPB for twelve days (Step 4, Treatment 12).
As shown in Table 4, when the duration of protein kinase C activator treatment was extended to nine days (Treatment 11) or twelve days (Treatment 12), no additional benefit was observed. Single cells expressing insulin were 27.8% of the population after six days of treatment with Treatment 10. In contrast, insulin-expressing cells decreased to 10% after the nine-day treatment (Treatment 11) and further decreased to 4% after the twelve-day treatment (Treatment 12). In parallel, the total percentage of the population of cells co-expressing insulin and NKX6.1, moreover, fell significantly after extending the treatment. These results suggested that a six-day treatment with
Ε ».Τ
ΙΜΡΙι ιηπτππόμεχμ, 'λμο
INDUSTMtM,
<img file="MX343786B_D0043.tif" />
Noggin, Alk5 II inhibitor, and a quinaba C protein activator were sufficient to form the cells of the present invention.
Table 4. Expression of characteristic markers of the pancreatic endocrine lineage shown as a percentage of the total cell population.
<td></td><td>Synaptopphysin</td><td>Insulin</td><td>Glucagon</td><td>Insulin / glucagon</td><td>NKX6.1</td><td>Nkx6.1 / insulin</td>
<td>6 days</td><td> 49.7 %</td><td> 27.8 %</td><td> 2.0 %</td><td> 16.4 %</td><td> 44.2 %</td><td> 11.0 %</td>
<td>9 days</td><td> 43.5 %</td><td> 10.0%</td><td> 6.6 %</td><td> 7.8 %</td><td> 33.5 %</td><td> 1.0 %</td>
<td>12 days</td><td> 37.6 %</td><td> 4.4 %</td><td> 4%</td><td> 6.3 %</td><td> 32.5 %</td><td> 1.0 %</td>
Example 4
Implantation of the cells of the present invention in beige (Bq) mice with combined severe immunodeficiency (SCID)
Cells from the H1 human embryonic cell line were grown in MATRIGEL® coated plates (1:30 dilution) with RPMI medium + 0.2% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A + 20 ng / ml WNT-3a for one day, followed by treatment with RPMI medium + 0.5% FBS + 100 ng / ml activin A for an additional two days (Step 1), then
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + FGF7 at 50 ng / ml for three days (step 2), then
b. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 50 ng / ml FGF7 + 0.25 μΜ cyclopamine- KAAD +100 ng / ml Noggin for four days (Stage 3), then
<img file="MX343786B_D0044.tif" />
µΜ of ALK5 II inhibitor + 500 nM TBP for six days (Step 4).
At the end of step four, the cells were mechanically evaluated using a 1 ml glass pipette and subsequently transferred to non-adherent plates for culture overnight. Resulting cell aggregates were collected and aggregates containing 5 million cells were transplanted into the kidney capsule of an immunocompromised mouse (SCID / Bg, animal No. 47. 48. 49, 50 and 51). See Figure 7.
After four weeks, the functionality of the insulin-producing cells in these grafts was tested by injecting animals with glucose to induce insulin secretion. The animals were fasted for approximately 15-20 hours, then a blood sample (preglucose) was extracted retro-orbitally. Each animal was then given an intraperitoneal injection dose of approximately 3 g / kg glucose in 30% dextrose solution and blood was drawn approximately 60 minutes after glucose infusion. Circulating human C-peptide was detected in mouse serum using ultrasensitive human-specific C-peptide ELISA plates (Cat. No .: 80-CPTHU-E01, Alpco Diagnostics, NH). Detection of human C-peptide indicates that insulin secretion is derived from the transplanted cells.
Human C peptide was detected in the serum of animals as early as 4 weeks after transplantation and increased with time.
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE INDUSTRIAL EROFTEOAO
The transplant information is summarized in Figure 7. The human C-peptide (less than 0.2 ng / ml) could then be detected in response to glucose administration in 60% of the animals in the study group. The glucose-stimulated serum level of human C-peptide increased 5 to 10-fold in three out of four mice after four weeks. Twelve weeks after implantation, average human C-peptide glucose-stimulated serum levels in transplanted mice were greater than 1 mg / ml (n = 4).
Example 5
An alternative method for the formation of a population of cells that express characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage that co-express PDX1 and NKX6.1
Briefly, cells from the H1 human embryonic stem cell line were grown in plates coated with MATRIGEL® (1:30 dilution) and RPMI medium supplemented with 0.2% FBS, 100 ng / ml activin A and 20 ng / ml WNT-3a for one day, followed by treatment with RPMI medium supplemented with 0.5% FBS and 100 ng / ml activin A, for two additional days (Stage 1), then
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + FGF7 at 50 ng / ml for three days (step 2), then
b. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 μΜ cyclopamine KAAD + 2 pM retinoic acid (RA) +100 ng / ml Noggin for four days (Stage 3), then
IMPI
<img file="MX343786B_D0045.tif" />
c. High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 100 ηα / ml Noagin + __________ μΜ ALK5 II inhibitor + 20 nM PMA, or 100 nM
TPB, or 20 nM of phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) (Calbiochem, cat # 524390) for six days (Step 4)
As a control, individual populations of cells were treated with high glucose DMEM, supplemented with 1% B27, 100 ng / ml Noggin, and 1 µΜ ALK5 II inhibitor for six days (step 4).
Cultures were sampled in duplicate on day 6 of stage 4 and imaging was performed using an IN Cell Analyzer 1000 (GE Healthcare). Images from 100 fields per well were acquired to compensate for any cell loss during bioassay and subsequent staining processes. Measurements for total cell count, total PDX1-expressing cells, and total NKX6.1-expressing cells from each well were obtained using the IN Cell Developer Toolbox 1.7 software (GE Healthcare). Averages and standard deviations were calculated for each set of duplicate data. Total cells expressing PDX1 proteins and
NKX6.1 were reported as a percentage of the total cell population.
As shown in Figure 8, there was a dramatic increase in the population of NKX6.1 / PDX1-expressing cells in the protein kinase C activator-treated groups at a lower effective concentration (approximately 20 nM), compared to samples obtained of the control treatment. By day 6 of Stage 4, in cell populations
<img file="MX343786B_D0046.tif" />
<img file="MX343786B_D0047.tif" />
who received control or protein protein kinase C activator treatment,% ± 4% of the population expressed PDX1. In the protein kinase C activator-treated group, 75% ± 5% of cells expressing PDX1 expressed NKX6.1. However, in populations treated only with
Noggin and TGF beta receptor inhibitor (control), only 58% ± 5% of cells expressing PDX1 expressed NKX6.1. In the presence of protein kinase C activator, 20% of cells expressing NKX6.1 were co-positive with proliferation marker, EdU (Click-iT® Kit
EdU Imaging, Invitrogen, no. lime C10337).
This example demonstrates that a protein kinase C activator can be used in conjunction with Noggin and TGF beta receptor inhibitor at a relatively lower effective concentration (~ 20 nM) to facilitate upregulation of Nkx6.1 expression, and the Increased percentage of cells expressing PDX1 and NKX6.1.
Example 6
Treatment of cells expressing characteristic markers of the pancreatic endoderm lineage with protein kinase C activators
Briefly, cells from the H1 human embryonic stem cell line were grown in plates coated with MATRIGEL® (1:30 dilution) and RPMI medium supplemented with 0.2% FBS, 100 ng / ml activin A and 20 ng / ml WNT-3a for one day, followed by treatment with
<img file="MX343786B_D0048.tif" />
IMPI ίΗίτπντυ Mexican OF ΙΛ FBÓPfSDAD INDUSTMAI.
RPMI medium supplemented with 0.5% FBS and 100 ng / ml activin A, for two additional days (Step 1), then
to. DMEM / F12 + 2% FBS + FGF7 at 50 ng / ml for three days (step 2), then
b. T1: DMEM-high glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 µΜ cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 µΜ retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin + FGF10 50 ng / ml for four days (Stage 3, T1) or T2 : High DMEM-glucose + 1% B27 + 0.25 µΜ cyclopamine- KAAD + 2 µΜ retinoic acid (RA) + 100 ng / ml Noggin + FGF10 50 ng / ml + 100 nM TPB for four days (Stage 3, T2 ), after,
c. DMEM with high glucose content + 1% B27 + nogin at 100 ng / ml + 1 μΜ of ALK5 II inhibitor for six days (stage 4)
As shown in Figure 9, a significant decrease in pancreatic endoderm markers PDX1, NKX6.1 and PTF1alpha was observed in cells treated with TPB (T2) compared to the control group. NKX6.1 was not detectable by immunohistochemistry. This information suggests that the protein kinase activator treatment in stage 3 does not facilitate the generation of cells that co-express PDX1 / NKX6.1.
The publications cited in this document are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Although the different aspects of the invention were illustrated above with reference to the examples and the
IMPI • ξηπρ MEXICANO
WWSTIUAl preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that the scope of the iiweadáQ-JiQ_§ £ defined by the above description, but by the following claims drawn up under the principles of patent law.
IMPJí • WÉ '
Contents36
57 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31 Sheet 32 Sheet 33 Sheet 34 Sheet 35 Sheet 36 Sheet 37 Sheet 38 Sheet 39 Sheet 40 Sheet 41 Sheet 42 Sheet 43 Sheet 44 Sheet 45 Sheet 46 Sheet 47 Sheet 48 Sheet 49 Sheet 50 Sheet 51 Sheet 52 Sheet 53 Sheet 54 Sheet 55 Sheet 56 Sheet 57
45 members in 15 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28967109 | United States of America | P | |
| 28967109 | United States of America | P | |
| 61289671 | United States of America | – | |
| 2010060756 | United States of America | W | |
| 2010060756 | United States of America | W | |
| 61289671 | – | – | – |
| PCTUS2010060756 | – | – | – |
| US20090289671P | – | – | – |
| WO2010US60756 | – | – | – |
Members45
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2011151560A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2784415A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2011079017A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2011079017A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| WO2011079017A9 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A9 | |
| AR080086A1 | Argentina | A1 | |
| AU2010333839A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| MX2012007413A | Mexico | A | |
| SG181687A1 | Singapore | A1 | |
| KR20120097539A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| CN102741395A | China | A | |
| EP2516625A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| JP2013515480A | Japan | A | |
| EP2516625A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| RU2012131400A | Russian Federation | A | |
| SG10201408552YA | Singapore | A | |
| BR112012017761A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| US9150833B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2010333839B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| US2016032250A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CN102741395B | China | B | |
| AU2010333839C1 | Australia | C1 | |
| MX343786BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| RU2610176C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| US9593310B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2016202260B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| JP2017079760A | Japan | A | |
| US2017183630A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR101773538B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR20170102055A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| KR101867369B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| JP6392496B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| ZA201205487B | South Africa | B | |
| RU2017102194A | Russian Federation | A | |
| RU2017102194A3 | Russian Federation | A3 | |
| CA2784415C | Canada | C | |
| RU2701335C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| JP6632514B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US10704025B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2020291360A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2023151332A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP2516625B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| EP4410991A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| DK2516625T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| EP4410991A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Grant or registrationFG | FG |
Numbers
- Publication
- 343786
- Publication, DOCDB
- 343786
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX343786
- Application
- 2012007413
- Application, DOCDB
- 2012007413
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20120007413
Titles
- Spanish
- DIFERENCIACION DE CELULAS MADRE EMBRIONARIAS HUMANAS.
Classification
- CPC, 17
- C12N5/0676
- C12N5/063
- C12N2501/117
- C12N2501/16
- C12N2501/41
- C12N2501/415
- C12N2501/70
- C12N2506/02
- C12N2533/90
- A61P5/48
- C12N5/00
- C12N5/067
- C12N5/10
- C12N2501/119
- C12N2501/385
- C12N2501/40
- C12N2501/727
- IPC, 3
- C12N5 071
- C12N5 00
- C12N5 07