MX339798B

Compositions, additives, and compounds for melt processable, foamable, and cellular fluoroploymers.

Abstract

The disclosure provides a composition or set of compositions and method for producing cellular, foamed, or blown fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers and other thermoplastics to create a lower cost communications cable, conductor separator, conductor support-separator, jacketing, tape, wire insulation and in some cases a conduit tube as individual components or combined configurations that exhibit improved electrical, flammability and optical properties. Specifically, the foamable or blown perfluoropolymer cellular insulation composition comprises; talc and the selected fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers. Compounded pellets including inorganic and organic fillers resulting in products in cellular or foamable form with and without solid skin surfaces has also been realized by providing melt combinations within the pellets primarily comprising talc and a perfluoropolymer, and additives as needed to provide desired property differentiation.

MX339798B, drawing sheet 1 — Sheet 1 of 113

Term

3.3 yearsleft in the term

Expires 29 January 2030.

9 claims: 2 independent, 7 dependent

1
CLAIMS REIVINDICACIONES IMPI instituto mejicano DI LA PROPIEDAD ,3 . INDUSTRIAL IMPI mexican institute DI THE PROPERTY, 3. INDUSTRIAL 1. Un método para fabricar un artículo espumado, que comprende:one. A method of making a foamed article, comprising: 5 providing a composition comprising a melt-processable perfluoropolymer and talc, said pefluoropolymer comprising at least 50 weight percent of said composition and said talc comprising approximately 5 proporcionar una composición que comprende un perfluoropolímero procesable por fusión y talco, dicho pefluoropolímero comprendiendo al menos 50 por ciento en peso de dicha composición y dicho talco comprendiendo de aproximadamente
2
2 percent to 3 percent by weight of the 2 por ciento a 3 por ciento en peso de la 10 composition;wherein said fusion processable perfluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoromethylvinyl ether (MFA) copolymer, hexafluoropropylene / tetrafluoroethylene (FEP) copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), and any mixture thereof, 10 composición;en donde dicho perfluoropolímero procesable por fusión se selecciona del grupo que consiste de copolímero de tetrafluoroetileno/perfluorometilvinil-éter (MFA), copolímero de hexafluoropropileno/tetrafluoroetileno (FEP), perfluoroalcoxi (PFA) y cualquier mezcla de éstos, 15 calentar dicha composición a una temperatura de procesamiento de por lo menos 315.5°C (600°F) en la que dicho talco funciona como un agente espumante químico, provocando con ello el espumado de dicha composición en un índice de 20% a 50% a manera de formar un articulo espumado, fifteen heating said composition to a processing temperature of at least 315.5 ° C (600 ° F) at which said talc functions as a chemical foaming agent, thereby causing foaming of said composition at a rate of 20% to 50% at way to form a foamed article, 20 en donde el talco es el único agente de espumado en dicha composición y en donde el espumado se logra sin inyección de gas, y en donde fluoropolímeros que contienen hidrógeno están ausentes de la composición. twenty where talc is the only foaming agent in said composition and where foaming is achieved without gas injection, and where hydrogen-containing fluoropolymers are absent from the composition. 25 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the 25 2. El método de la reivindicación 1, en donde la 109 109 BftnwiiirHtt'.iíír * ί1 Processing temperature is at 'T5E £ Á «OWfEMIÍ ÍJfTOSTWAL (600 ° F) at 348.8 ° C (660 ° F). BftnwiiirHtt'.iíír* ί1 temperatura de procesamiento está en el ' T5E£Á «OWfEMIÍ ÍJfTOSTWAL (600°F) a 348.8°C (660°F).

Independent claims2

990 paragraphs in 66 sections, as filed

(54) Title: COMPOSITIONS, ADDITIVES AND COMPOUNDS FOR PROCESSABLE FLUOROPOLYMERS IN MELTING, WHICH FORM FOAM AND CELL PHONES.

(54) Title: COMPOSITIONS, ADDITIVES, AND COMPOUNDS FOR MELT PROCESSABLE, FOAMABLE, AND CELLULAR FLUOROPLOYMERS.

(57) Summary

The disclosure provides a composition or set of compositions and method for producing foamed or blown cellular fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers and other thermoplastics, for creating a communications cable, conductive spacer, conductive spacer-carrier, tape or jacket, wire insulation or cable and in some cases a lower cost conduit tube, as individual components or combined configurations they exhibit improved electrical, flammable and optical quality properties. Specifically, the foam or blow molded perfluoropolymer cell isolation composition comprises: talc and selected fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers. Formulated granules including organic and inorganic fillers resulting in cellular or foaming products with and without solid surfaces have also been achieved by providing melt blends within the granules that primarily comprise talc and a perfluoropolymer, and additives as required , to provide convenient property differentiation.

(57) Abstract

The disclosure provides a composition or set of compositions and method for producing cellular, foamed, or blown fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers and other thermoplastics to create a lower cost Communications cable, conductor separator, conductor support-separator, jacketing, tape, wire insulation and in some cases a conduit tube as individual components or combined configurations that exhibit improved electrical, flammability and optical properties. Specifically, the foamable or blown perfluoropolymer cellular insulation composition comprises; tale and the selected fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers. Compounded pellets including inorganic and organic fillers resulting in Products in cellular or foamable form with and without solid skin surfaces has also been realized by providing melt combinations within the pellets primarily comprising tale and a perfluoropolymer, and additives as needed to provide desired property differentiation.

I KNOW

Mexican Institute of Industrial Property l

M

P lllll

PATENT TITLE NO. 339798

Owner (s): CHARLES A. GLEW

Address: 5790 B Post Road, Charlestown, Rhode Island, 02813, USA

Denomination: COMPOSITIONS. ADDITIVES AND COMPOUNDS FOR PROCESSABLE FLUOROPOLYMERS IN MELTING, WHICH FORM FOAM AND CELL PHONES.

Classification: lnt.Ci.8: C08JS / 06

Inventor (s): CHARLES A. GLEW

REQUEST

Númerói Presentation date: Time:

MXZa / 2015/009246 January 29, 2010 1:39 PM

Divisional Patent Number: 331705

PRIORITY

Country: Date: Number:

US November 9, 2009 12 / 5S0; 471

Validity: Twenty year #

Expiration Date: January 29, 2030

The reference patent is granted based on articles 1, 2, fraction V, 6, fraction llf and 69 of the Industrial Property Law.

In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, this Sene patent has a validity of twenty unextendable years, counted from the date of presentation of the sofrdtod and I will be subject to1 payment * - both for the current rights.

Whoever subscribes to this title does so on the basis of β »to provided per to * articles 6 · sections III and 7 ° bis 2 of the Industrial Property Law (Official Letter of the Federation (DOF) 06/27/1993. NMttnmMt «08/02/1994, 10/25/1996, 12/26/1W7, 05/17/1999, 01/26/2004, 06/16/2006, 01/25/2 ®6, 05/06/2009, 01/06/2010, 1 g / 06 / 20Ttr2W®e / 2tJlB, '01/27/2012 and 04/09/2012); faith articles1, 3 'fraction V subsection a), 4 ° and 12 ° fradeiones I and III of the Regulations of the Instituto Mexicano dp la Propiedac). Industrial LD.QF 14/12 / 183®, amended Wb7 / W02, lW / 2004 28 / 07/2004 and 7/09/2007); artfcutdS 1 ·, 3 ·, 4t'S «flfreelOTí Víffeo 3), IB fractions i and Itf and 30 of the Organic Statute of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007); 1, 3 and 5 subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy Directors General, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Holders of the Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).

Issue Date: June 10, 2016

COMPOSITIONS, ADDITIVES AND COMPOUNDS FOR

PROCESSABLE IN MERGER, WHICH FORM ESPUN

This application claims priority under 35

USC §120, as a continuation-in-part of PCT International Application No. PCT / US2008 / 009286, filed on August 1, 2008, titled: Compositions For

Compounding, Extrusion And Melt Processing Of Foamable And Cellular Fluoropolymers, as well as PCT International Application No. PCT / EP2008 / 060119, filed on August 1, 2008, titled: Perfluoropolymer Foamable Composition, and; PCT International Application No. PCT / US2008 / 009285, filed on August 1, 2008, titled: Compositions For Compounding And Extrusion Of Foamed Fluoropolymers.

In addition, this application claimed priority of US Non-Provisional Application Serial No. 12 / 221,280, filed on August 1, 2008 under the title Compositions For Compounding, Extrusion And Melt Processing Of Foamable And Cellular Fluoropolymers. Furthermore, all applications cited also take the original priority under 35 USC 119, either from US Provisional Patent Application No. of Series 60 / 963,322, filed on August 3, 2007 or US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60 / 953,729, also filed on August 3, 2007.

tadas

All requests above ci

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

Publications are incorporated here by reference. industrial

FIELD OF THE INVENTION --—---- Wire and cable applications, especially those that use copper conductors, use the insulating properties of specific polymers against the conductors as insulation and especially the cable core of insulated conductors like coatings or jackets. Variable size and shape cable fillers are employed as well as for their insulating properties and more specifically in communications designs to minimize peer-to-peer crosstalk within a cable, as well as mitigate crosstalk between adjacent cables, resulting in commonly referred to as exogenous crosstalk. Cable coatings and fillers provide mechanical and physical properties as well as an ever-evolving requirement for improved fire performance (i.e. reduced flame spread, flammability or flammability, and smoke evolution).

These mechanical, physical and fire retardant performance requirements apply equally to fiber optic cables. Cable design demands a balance of these performance requirements and the extrusion and processing product attributes of a cellular foamed fluoropolymer, such as perfluoropolymer that improves both insulation values for example (less crosstalk in communication cables) while reducing the

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

material and therefore the amount of m ^^ etia fuels used in a cable. These performance cafaüftilly licas added through cellular (or microcellular) foaming can further reduce the cost of total cable design.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Communication cables have continuously evolved over the years as we have evolved from a voice-based telecommunications network environment to new structured cabling designs for high-speed data transmission, commonly referred to as Local Area Networks or LAN's. Technical requirements, standards and guides of the Association of Telecommunications Industries and the Association of Electronic Industries (TIA / EIA =

The Telecommunication Industry Association / Electronic Industry Association) and the International Standard Organization (ISO) have been developed and published to support high-speed communication of voice, Internet and video data. Furthermore, these requirements continue to evolve with increasingly stringent performance needs such that cellular foam insulation and fillers or fillers play an increasing role in cable designs. Primary communications cable designs incorporate twisted copper pairs

or twisted together to form a line

INSTITUTO M EXICANO balanced, coaxial cables and cables

All of these cables can operate in one. red ____ d ^. ^ a.

Construction (LAN's) as separate functional cables or in a hybrid or combination cable design.

In addition, TIA / EIA have defined standards that are published and recognized as well as industry standards projects to be published soon for commercial building telecommunications networks. Table 1 below provides those published and pending or to be adopted standards and the published TSB (Technical Service Bulletin).

Table 1-TIA / EIA Standards

<td>Category</td><td>Width</td><td>of</td><td>ANSI / TIA / EIA-568-A</td>

<td>estuary 5e</td><td>Band</td><td>of</td><td>Telecommunications Standard of</td>

<td>ISO</td><td colspan="2">Frequency</td><td>Commercial Construction Part 2:</td>

<td>Class D</td><td>1 to 100</td><td>MHz</td><td>Pair Wiring Component</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Twisted Balanced; 2001</td>

<td>Category</td><td>Width</td><td>of</td><td>ANSI / TIA / EIA-568-B.2-1</td>

<td>estuary 6</td><td>Band</td><td>of</td><td>Telecommunications Standard of</td>

<td>ISO</td><td colspan="2">Frequency</td><td>Commercial Construction Part 2:</td>

<td>Class e</td><td>1 to 250</td><td>MHz</td><td>Appendix 1: Specification of</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Transmission for 4 Wiring</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Torques 100 ohms Category 6; 2002</td>

<td>Category</td><td>Width</td><td>of</td><td>ANSI / TIA / EIA-</td><td>sJ-M-PoIO? MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE PROPERTY</td><td></td>

<td>6A</td><td>Band</td><td>of</td><td colspan="2">TelecomuiTPiíSñdMoñes Standard—</td><td>-of</td>

<td>ISO Class</td><td colspan="2">Frequency</td><td>Building</td><td>Ocime ^ eial Part · </td><td>-S--</td>

<td>ANDto</td><td>1 a</td><td> 500</td><td>Annex 10:</td><td>Specification</td><td>of</td>

<td></td><td>MHz</td><td></td><td colspan="2">Transmission for Wiring</td><td> 4</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Pairs 100</td><td colspan="2">ohms Category</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Increased 6;</td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Category</td><td>Width</td><td>of</td><td colspan="2">TIA does not actively develop</td><td>the</td>

<td>ISO Class</td><td colspan="2">Frequency</td><td>ISO / EIA-11801</td><td>, Technology</td><td>of</td>

<td>F</td><td>1 a</td><td> 600</td><td>information</td><td colspan="2"> 2gives Ed.- Wiring</td>

<td></td><td>MHz</td><td></td><td colspan="2">Generic for Installations</td><td>of</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Client, 2002</td><td></td><td></td>

Each of the standards in Table 1 illustrates expanded bandwidth that allows for greater data transmission. Expanding the communications cable bandwidth improves the electrical characteristics or data bit rate based on the evolving needs of software or programming, hardware, and video transmission. The terminology within the test standards can be defined as electrical performance within the cable as measured by impedance, near-end and far-end crosstalk (NEXT & FEXT), the relationship between the useful input signal and the level of interference signal present in the opposite end of the contiguous pair (ACR = atteniuation to crosstalk ratio), ELFEXT, ELNEXT, Power Sum, etc; dl

DELA INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

electrical that can be transferred to the adjacent cable also known as (exogenous crosstalk), “which is measured within similar performance parameters while incorporating a total sum exogenous crosstalk crosstalk requirement.

Electromagnetic interference that can occur on a cable running along one or more cables carrying data signals can create exogenous crosstalk. The term exogenous arises from the fact that this form of crosstalk occurs between different cables in a group or bundle, rather than between individual wires or circuits within a single cable. Exogenous crosstalk can be particularly problematic due to its effect on 4 adjacent cable pairs that degrade the performance of a communications system by reducing the signal-to-interference ratio. Traditionally, exogenous crosstalk has been minimized or eliminated by aluminum Mylar® shields and / or shielded-braided cable designs (i.e. Category 7 or ISO Class F shielded designs) to prevent electromagnetic fields from entering or leaving the cable or cables. The use of foam or blown constructions for symmetrical and asymmetric air gap designs further improves electrical performance characteristics in that the total modulus and elasticity of the c° ttJ> u ^^ 2c | e *

INSTITUTO MEXICANO resulting is reduced, leading to confornSé ^^ g ^ jg that more closely approximate optimal geometries. Specifically, the ability to form interior cable structures such that these interior structures have little or no plastic memory once the wiring process is complete, ensures that the nested pairs remain in the desired geometric configuration and that the use of foamed fillers. , insulation and coatings using air as insulation, Act to mitigate exogenous crosstalk in Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) designs i.e. (Category 6 or ISO Class E and Category 6 Enhanced or ISO Class ETO) .

These Electrical Performance Standards especially 15 for UTP cables (Categories 5e, 6, 6A and 7) require improved insulating performance where foamed fluoropolymers optimize their inherently excellent insulating values (i.e. dielectric constant and dissipation factor). Foamed fluoropolymers such as 20 perfluoropolymers offer lower cost and lower material content, while improving fire retardant performance by reducing the amount of combustible material in a cable and the total fire load of Local Area Network cables within a construction.

A brief review of the Requirements of

Performance Against Fire both globally, follows:

In 1975, the National Agency has Prnt-pnrión mnLra.

Fire (NFPA = National Fire Protection Agency) recognizes the potential risks of flame and smoke created by burning cables in areas and adopted in the USA, the National Electric Code (NEC), and a standard for smoke suppressor cables and flame retardants. This standard, commonly referred to as the Camera Cable Standard, was later adopted for North America Communications Cabling by Canada and Mexico. The standard allows the use of limited power type cables including conduitless communication cables, provided that the cable exhibits low flame and smoke retardant characteristics. The test method for measuring these characteristics is commonly referred to as the Steiner Tunnel Test. The test of

Steiner Tunnel has been adapted for cable burning according to the following test protocols: NFPA 262, Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 910, or Canadian Standards

Association (CSA) FT-6. The test conditions for each of the Steiner UL 910, CSA FT-6, and NFPA 262 Tunnel Test are as follows: a flame of 316.5 MJ (300,000 BTU) per hour, is applied for 20 minutes at a calculated number of lengths of cable based on its diameter that fills a tray

horizontal with an approximate length d>

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF LA PROREDAD feet long with a circumscribed tunnel. This test simulates the horizontal areas (ceilings) at 5 cons ΕΓΟΪΙδδ consCTUUCioriéS run through these cables.

The criteria for passing the Steiner UL 910 / NFPA 262 Tunnel Test are as follows:

A. Flame Spread - a maximum flame spread less than 1,524 meters (5 feet).

B. Smoke generation:

one. A maximum optical smoke density less than 0.5.

2. An average smoke optical density less than

0.15.

The premise of the standard is based on considerations that flame and smoke can traverse over the extent of a building chamber area if electrical conductors and cable were involved and were not flame and smoke resistant. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) developed the standard to reduce the amount of flammable material incorporated into insulated electrical conductors and jacketed or jacketed cables. Reducing the amount of flammable material in accordance with NFPA reduces the potential for insulation and cladding materials that spread flame and smoke in adjacent chamber areas and potentially in more distant and extensive areas within a building. The products of

Foaming or cellular foaming can typically reduce the amount of combustible mat.prialp.q by 30 to 60 percent, based on the extent of the foaming process within insulation, fillers and liner materials.

The products in this description have also been developed to support the possible adoption of a new NFPA standard referred to as NFPA 255 entitled Cables I or Limited Fuels with less than 50 as a maximum smoke index and NFPA 259 with Heat of Combustion title that includes the use of an oxygen pump calorimeter that allows materials with less than 1,946 Cal / g (3,500 BTU / lb) to incorporate into wiring systems and constructions where the survival of the fire communication network is required (ie military installation such as at the Pentagon in Washington DC).

For these applications that require survivability in smoke generation and flame dispersion, the cellular products of the present disclosure may be an effective method of reducing material content and cable fuel load in these critical environments.

Table 2 provides a hierarchy of fire performance standards for North America and Europe.

Table 2

Severity Capacity Test Methods for Wire and

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL Cable

<td>Kind of</td><td>Method of</td><td>Departure</td><td>of</td><td colspan="2">Duration</td>

<td>Cable</td><td>Proof</td><td>Source</td><td>of</td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td></td><td>Ignition</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Combus-</td><td>UL2424 / NFP</td><td>8,141 KJ / kg</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>tibie Limited</td><td>TO 259/255 / UL723</td><td>(3,500 BTU / lb</td><td> .)</td><td> 10</td><td>min.</td>

<td>CMP</td><td>Tunnel</td><td>88 kW (300</td><td>k</td><td> 20</td><td>min.</td>

<td></td><td>Steiner</td><td>BTU / hr.)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>ASCENT OF</td><td>BTU / hr.)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td>SERVICES</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Class D</td><td>Burned</td><td>BTU / hr.)</td><td></td><td>(2 C</td><td>min</td>

<td></td><td>simple</td><td></td><td></td><td>of</td><td></td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">burner)</td>

<td>CPD Class D</td><td>IEC 60332-3 Modify do</td><td>30kW (102 'Je * INSTE BTU / hr.) (Griddle posterior after ladder (impact thermal))</td><td>'UTO MEXICANO) E LA FROrJEOAD O * · INDUSTRIAL</td>

<td>CMX</td><td>Support Vertical</td><td>20.5kW (70k BTU / hr.)</td><td>20 min.</td>

<td>CMUC</td><td>IEC 60332- 1 / ULVW-l</td><td>Bunsen lighter</td><td>1 min. (Flame of 15 sec.) *</td>

<td colspan="4">Fire Performance Cable (Severity Levels) .NFPA 255 & NFPA 259 / LC / CPD Class B1 + / UL 2424 (more severe) .NFPA 262 / NFPA 50289 / FT-6 / CPD Class Bl / UL 910 one . UL 1666 / FT-4 / CPD service promotion line Classes C & B2 | .Support UL 1581 / IEC 60332-3 / FT-2 / CPD Class D one VW 1 / IEC 60332-1 / FT-l / CPD Class E (less severe)</td>

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ^ FJ J) J

In the present description, the exp ^ sg ^ gne ^ eg ^ rte or blowing agents, foaming agent or agents, can be used interchangeably. The term "chemical blowing agent" as used herein refers to a type of foaming agent that can undergo a chemical reaction, eg, chemical degradation and / or decomposition, to generate gas, which can cause foaming. The term nucleating agent or agents is used in materials that provide sites for cell formation resulting for example from the chemical reaction of blowing agents or the use of gas injection.

The present disclosure provides the use of talc or talc derivatives which are natural or synthetic hydrated magnesium silicate compound or compounds. Talc (derived from Persian tale, by Arabian talq) is a hydrated magnesium silicate mineral compound with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Yes4OR10 (OH) 2. In loose form, it is the most widely used substance that is known as talcum powder. It occurs as laminar to fibrous masses, its monoclinic crystals are as rare as almost unknown. It has a perfect basal segmentation, and the leaves are not elastic, although slightly flexible. It is sectile or susceptible to cutting into pieces, and very smooth, with a hardness of 1, and can be easily scratched with fingernails.

It has a specific gravity of 2.5-2.8,

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY dusty, and luster more translucent to opaque. Talc is not soluble in water, but it is slightly soluble in dilute mineral acids. Its color is in the range of white to gray or green and has a distinctive greasy feel. Its striped is white.

The scorpite is a metamorphic rock predominantly composed of talc and can also be used in the present description.

Talc is a metamorphic mineral that results from the metamorphosis of magnesium minerals such as serpentine, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, in the presence of carbon dioxide and water. This is known as talc carbonization or steatization and produces a series of rocks known as talc carbonates.

Talc is formed primarily by hydration and carbonization of serpentine, by the following reaction:

serpentine + carbon dioxide -> talc + magnesite + water

Mg3Yes2OR5 (OH) 4 + 3CO2 -> Mg3Yes4Oi0 (0H)2 + 3 MgCO3 + 3

H2OR

Talc can also be formed by a reaction between dolomite and silica, which is typical formation of dolomite skarns by flooding silica in metamorphic contact haloes;

LIME P ícá

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

dolomite agent + silica + water carbon dioxide

CaMg (CO3)2 + 4 SiO2 + H2O - + Mg3Yes4OR10 (OH) 2 - »..... 3 ..... SaCOy-HS-COz

Talc can also be formed from magnesium chlorite and quartz in blueschist and eclogite metamorphism by the following metamorphic reaction:

chlorite + quartz chianite + talc + water In this reaction, the ratio of talc and chyanite depends on the aluminum content with more aluminous rocks that favor the production of chyanite. This is typically associated with high pressure, low temperature minerals such as fengite, garnet, glaucophane within the lower blueschist facies. These rocks are typically white, friable, and stringy and are known as whiteschist.

Talc is a tri-octahedral layered mineral; its structure is similar to that of pyrophyllite, but with magnesium at the octahedral sites of the composite layers.

The present disclosure refers to talc as natural or synthetic hydrated magnesium silicate. Talc has been found to act independently as a chemical blower in combination with the fluoropolymer perfluoropolymers, such as, the present invention, without the need for additional blowing agents, foaming agents or in some cases in combination with a small amount of other blowing agent. In certain cases, the talc is ^ gqg ^ ulos of solid luoropolymer or qranulos ormtuto form

j. . ηΒί-, ρίρΓ'ΑΓ »

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Fluorinated polymers (in the form of one or more granules) from which foamed products can be obtained by extrusion or injection molding, where the talc-containing granules act as a chemical blowing agent and in some cases as a nucleating agent when Granules are heated and extruded.

The embodiments within this disclosure refer to talc as a chemical blowing agent as well as a nucleating agent except where noted otherwise. The use of talc in combination with the use of another chemical blowing agent or gas injection is also included in the scope of the present description.

This disclosure provides compositions, methods, and systems for formulating foam-forming granules from fluorinated polymers (for example fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers), and further these foam-forming granules can be extruded to create a variety of foamed articles, such as wire. Communications, conductor spacer, cable / conductor spacer-bracket, cladding, tapes, tubes, cross hatches, wraps, lower cost wire insulation, as well as conductor tubes for individual components or any of these

communications, wire strippers, cable s, wire insulation, and vari '^ sj / ^^^ gu' * INDUSTRIAL combined exhibiting improved flammable and optical quality electrical properties.

Foaming fluoropolymers such as the described perfluoropolymers advantageously allow to reduce the amount of combustible materials within a cable as well as to improve electrical properties while reducing costs. Blown, foamed, or cellular fluoropolymer such as perfluoropolymer liner or filler insulation material can be formed using a talc nucleating / foaming agent, of which the chemical composition includes MgSiOH; H2Mg3 (SiO3) 4; Mg3Yes4OR10 (OH) 2; 3MgO + 4SiO2+ H2OR; MgOH + H20 + SiOH; or any of its derivatives, which react synergistically with the fluoropolymers (such as perfluoropolymers) at their higher operating or higher extrusion temperatures, with or without a chemical blowing agent, such as magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and / or a mixture of both magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate or gas blowing agent. The talc nucleating / foaming agent creates a foam ideally suited for the UTP Category 6 and 6A insulation, coating, or filler requirement (i.e. cross sections, circular profiles, tubes, and tapes) and is highly cost effective at approximately $ 1.00 US dollars for, 454

TMPT

replacement for boron nitride (agent nu <5T®ané © ^ 0Aem c J INDUSTRIAL · traditionally costing approximately US $ 60.00 per .454 kg (Ib). Talc (a chemical blowing agent that can also act as a nucleating agent) costs significantly less than $ 1.00 for .454 (Ib) when purchased in larger quantities.

The reduction in cost by changing Boron Nitide to talc is one of the main benefits of using talc both as a nucleating agent and a foaming agent. Another benefit of using talc is that the filling, coating and insulation extrusion was performed by a relatively simple and robust chemical reaction using various extrusion temperatures to foam at various proportions or percentages desired based on varying talc fillers. It is worth noting, under specific extrusion conditions described in more detail below, that the powder itself foams. Traditional foaming of fluoropolymers, such as perfluoropolymers, has been accomplished by a gas injection extrusion process and the use of nucleated fluoropolymers such as boron nitride perfluoropolymers. The cost benefits of chemical foaming versus gas foaming of fluoropolymers, such as perfluoropolymers, allow high temperature extruders ^^ - ^ p Js

INSTITUTO MEXICANO operate with foam fluoropolymers or perf Ιϊίά ^^ Ι ^ Ι ^. ^ Without connecting the barrel to a highly sophisticated gas valve, as well as the design and use of a specialized compression spindle. The use of talc as a nucleating agent also works effectively with traditional gas injection extrusion processes as a partial or complete replacement for Boron Nitride.

An added benefit of using talc, which is already alkali or base, is that it neutralizes the acidity of hydrogen fluoride (HF) that can be released during extrusion. HF is highly acidic and causes corrosion on extrusion barrels, spindles and extrusion heads, tools and dies. Traditional metals or non-Hasteloy or Inconel surfaces cannot be used to extrude fluoropolymers or perfluoropolymers under normal process conditions and the use of talc significantly reduces the acidity of HF, thereby mitigating corrosive wear on standard extrusion equipment.

The introduction of talc has the benefit of being an acid scavenger (HF) when formulated into granules prior to extrusion and acts both as a nucleating and foaming agent. Furthermore, when enhanced with the addition of a granulated fluoropolymer, such as perfluoropolymer with MgCO3 and CaCO3 and Aclyn® wax (registered trademark of wax

provided by Honeywell, USA, with;

* MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Morristown, NJ) f luoropolymers such perfluoropolymer foaming is further improved, in some cases this magnesium carbonate and / or calcium carbonate foaming agent can be added as a separate granule in a mixture formulated with rotary action or jointly formulated together a single homogeneous granule of talc (MgSiOH) and MgCO3/Thief3/ AClyn wax. The simple homogeneous granule can then be extruded to form a variety of articles, such as communication cables, conductive spacers, cable spacers-supports, wire insulation, sheathing, sheaths, tapes, conduit tubes, or any combination of the communications cables, conductive standoffs, cable standoffs, wire insulation or loads, for example in a simple chemically foamed extrusion process for fluoropolymers or perfluoropolymers. The foaming rate or ratio of 15 percent to 50 percent can be increased or decreased, based on the percent of each constituent employed as well as adjustments in extrusion temperatures and screw design.

The present disclosure provides the use of fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymers in any quantity and in any combination. The family of

FROM INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY these fluoropolymers such as perfluoropolymer can be used these formulated foaming and nucleating agents, it is at least the following:

(Poly (ethylene-co) The fluoropolymers that are characterized here are 5 meltable processibles for which this description focuses:

one. Polytetrafluoroethylene-Perfluoromethylvinylether (MFA)

2. Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP = Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene)

3. Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)

Four. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

5. (Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene or tetrafluoroethylene)) (ETFE)

6. Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)

7. Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF

Fluoride)

The perfluoropolymers that are characterized here are the melt processible materials for which this description is focused:

one. Polytetrafluoroethylene-Perfluoromethylvinylether (MFA)

2. Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP = Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene)

3. Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)

Four. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Polyvinylidene

It should be emphasized that the use of talc can be r- ^ · CT. · ...... .

independent of the use of MgCO3/Thief3/wax

INSTITUTO MEXICANO Jh be used in any combination with MgCO3/ ?? atí ^^ erS58Et5ffl ^ to produce the foam ripspable compositions.

A variety of perfluoropolymers can be used. The disclosed perfluoropolymers are fluoropolymer resins that can be used and include without limitation, copolymers of TFE with one or more copolymerizable monomers selected from perfluoroolefins having 3-8 carbon atoms and perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ethers) (PAVE) where the alkyl group linear or branched contains 1-5 carbon atoms. Preferred perfluoropolymers include TFE copolymers, with at least one hexafluoropropylene (HFP) unit and one (unit) PAVE. Preferred comonomers include PAVE where the alkyl group contains 1-3 carbon atoms, especially 2-3 carbon atoms, ie perfluoro (ethyl vinyl ether) (PEVE) and perfluoro (propyl vinyl ether) (PPVE). Additional fluoropolymers that can be employed include copolymers of ethylene with TFE, optionally including minor amounts of one or more modifying comonomers such as perfluorobutyl ethylene. Representative fluoropolymers are described, for example, in ASTM Standard Specifications D-2116, D-3159 and D-3307.

These fluoropolymers are non-functional fluoropolymers if they essentially have no functional groups, but they are functionalized if functional fluoropolymers, for example by grafting, se thousand tirjlr * swv, í, ·

INSirTOTO WafWI.fi

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Alternately or

Additionally, preferred fluoropolymers are ño-elastomeric, as opposed to elastomeric.

Functionalized fluoropolymers include fluoropolymers such as those described in the previous paragraph and additionally contain copolymerized units derived from functional monomers. If the functional monomer concentration is a large enough concentration of the TFE copolymer, however, no other comonomer may be required. Usually, but not necessarily, the functional groups introduced by these monomers are at the ends of secondary groups. Functional monomers that introduce secondary groups that have this functionality, can have the general formula CYZ where Y is H or F and Z contain a functional group. Preferably, each Y is F and --Z is --Rf --X, where Rf is a fluorinated di-radical and X is a functional group that may contain CH2 groups. Preferably Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkoxy having 2-20 carbon atoms, such that the functional comonomer is fluorinated vinyl ether. Examples of these fluorovinyl ethers include CF2 CF [OCF2 CF (CF3)] m --O- (CF2) n CH2 OH as described in US Patent No. 4,982,009 and CF alcoholic ester2 -CF [OCF2 CF (CF3)] m -25 O - (CF2) n - (CH2) p --O - COR as described in the patent of

US No. 5,310,838. Fluorovinilé include CF2CF [OCF2 CF (CF3)] m O (CF2) n COOH and its carboxylic ester CF2CF [OCF2 CF (CF3)] m O (CF2) n COCJR ÜéíTWito in US Patent No. 4,138,426. In these formulas, m = 05 3, n = l-4, p = l-2, and R is methyl or ethyl. Preferred fluorovinyl ethers include CF2CF - O - CF2 CF2 --SW2 F; CF2 CF [OCF2 CF (CF3)] O (CF2)2 --And where --And is --SO2 F, --CN, or --COOH; and CF2.CF [OCF2 CF (CF3)] O (CF2)2 --CH2 --Z where --Z is --0H, -OCN, --O-- (CO) --NH2, or --OP (O) (OH)2. These fluorovinyl ethers io are preferred because of their ability to incorporate into the polymer backbone and their ability to incorporate functionality into the resulting copolymer.

In a preferred embodiment, a foaming composition is disclosed comprising at least one fluoropolymer, at least one magnesium silicate compound, and one foaming agent; wherein the foaming agent is present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the foaming composition. By way of example, in some cases, the foaming agent may be magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or a mixture of both magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate.

In some cases, in the above embodiment, the foaming agent is present in a concentration range from about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent by weight of

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY forms foam. In other cases, the foaming agent is present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 0.2 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, at least one magnesium silicate compound includes talc or any talc derivative.

In some embodiments, a minimum of magnesium silicate compound comprises a minimum of hydrated magnesium silicate compound.

In some embodiments, at least the magnesium silicate compound is present in a concentration range of up to about 50 weight percent of the foaming composition. For example, at least the magnesium silicate compound may be present in the concentration range of from about 2 percent to about 50 percent of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, at least the magnesium silicate compound is present in a concentration range of up to about 20 weight percent of the foaming composition. For example, the magnesium silicate compound may be present at least in a concentration range of about 0.2 per

one hundred to about 20 percent foaming composition. In some cases, the magnesium silicate compound may be present in at least a concentration range of about 0.5 percent to about 20 percent by weight of the foaming composition, for example in a concentration range of about 2 per one hundred to about 20 weight percent of the foaming composition. Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least the magnesium silicate compound is present in a concentration range of from about 15 percent to about 2 0 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, the magnesium silicate compound is present in at least a concentration greater than about 30 weight percent of the foaming composition. For example, at least one magnesium silicate compound can be present in a concentration range of about 30 percent to about 50 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In a particular embodiment, the magnesium silicate compound comprises at least about 7.5 weight percent of the foaming composition. In some embodiments, the foaming agent comprises a mixture of magnesium carbonate and leMPJ carbonate.

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OE IA PROPERTY

In a particular embodiment, a C'fiffigü'esEfcr— "of at least magnesium silicate comprises- ~ a ^ e @ 9 € 4" a ^ etme "te — 6" percent by weight of the foaming composition and the The foaming agent comprising magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate combined, comprises approximately 0.4 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In one embodiment, the foaming composition includes talc at about 7 weight percent or combined with less than about 93 weight percent of net resin (fluoropolymer, such as perfluoropolymer).

In another embodiment, foaming in a composition will occur with the use of 10 weight percent talc with less than 90 weight percent of the net resin and 15 additional components as required, to complete the foaming agent.

In some embodiments, magnesium carbonate comprises about 0.3 percent to about 3 percent by weight of the foaming composition, and calcium carbonate comprises about 0.1 to about 1 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, at least one magnesium silicate compound comprises about 6 weight percent of the foam and carbonate composition of

IMPI®

Miter · magnesium comprises approximately 1 per

INDUSTRIAL foam-forming composition.

In some embodiments, the foaming agent comprising calcium carbonate and at least one magnesium silicate compound and calcium carbonate is present in sufficient weight percent of the foaming composition such that the composition which Foam is capable of being processed to form a foamed article. A variety of fluoropolymers can be employed in the above foaming composition. In some cases, the fluoropolymer can be a perfluoropolymer. By way of example, the fluoropolymer can be any of MFA, FEP, PFA, PTFE, ETFE, ECTFE, PVDF, and / or a combination of any two or more of these fluoropolymers. In some cases where the fluoropolymer is a perfluoropolymer, the perfluoropolymer can be without limitation any of MFA, FEP, PFA, PTFE and / or combinations of two or more of these perfluoropolymers.

In some embodiments, the foaming composition is in the form of one or more granules, and the granules are capable of being processed to form a foamed article. In some cases, the foamed article may be able to meet specific requirements for smoke generation and flammable quality as defined by UL 910, UL 2424, NFPA 262, 259, 255 and EN 50266-2-x, and / or specifications. test class B.

IMPIOS

MEXICAN INSTITUTE << ** “

OF PROPERTY C—.

_ INDUSTRIAL -In some cases, the foamed article may comprise foamed cells having ™ dláWSLros in a range of approximately .0127 to .0762 mm (approximately 0.0005 to approximately 0.003 in). In some cases, the foamed cells may have an average diameter of approximately .0203 mm (0.0008 in). Foamed cells can have closed or open cell structure.

The foaming compositions of the invention can be used to form a variety of foamed articles. Some examples include without limitation, communication cables, spacer-conductors, spacer cable supports, wire insulation, coatings, sheaths, tapes, conduit tubes, or any combinations of these items.

In some embodiments, the foaming composition is combined with an addition of at least one fluoropolymer and the combination is capable of being processed to form a foamed article.

In some embodiments, the magnesium silicate compound is at least capable of functioning both as a nucleating agent and as a foaming agent of the foaming composition having at least one fluoropolymer, wherein the magnesium silicate compound allows

IMPI processing at a temperature up to 16. ^ 3 ^^ 638 ^

OR

INDUSTRIAL

degrees F) below the conventional temperatures normally required during extrusion of conventional foaming compositions having at least the fluoropolymer.

In some preferred embodiments, the foaming composition comprises at least one fluoropolymer, talc and / or any talc derivative, and an additional foaming agent wherein the additional foaming agent

<td>is present</td><td>in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td><td>concentration</td><td>of</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 0.1</td><td>percent to</td><td colspan="2">about 10</td><td>by</td>

<td>weight percent</td><td>of</td><td>the composition</td><td>than</td><td>foams.</td><td>In</td>

In some cases, the additional foaming agent is present in a concentration range of about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent, or in a range of about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent, by weight of the foaming composition.

the magnesium carbonate foaming agent, both carbonate

Also, the talc or be present in about 50 per foam form. Additionally, magnesium carbonate any interval hundred in

In some embodiments, it may be, for example, calcium or a mixture such as calcium carbonate.

talc derivative can of concentration of up to weight of the composition that of example, talc or any talc derivative, can be present in a range of

about 2 percent to about 50ID'^ i5) lL cyber In some cases, talc or any —of-phealoo · may be present in a concentration range of up to about 20 weight percent of the foaming composition. By way of example, talc or any talc derivative can be present in a concentration range of about 0.2 to about 20 percent, or in a concentration range of about 0.5 to about 20 percent, or in a concentration range from about 2.0 to about 20 percent, or in a concentration range of from about 15 percent to about 20 weight percent of the foaming composition. In some cases, talc or any talc derivative may be present in a concentration range equal to or greater than about 30 percent, for example in a range of about 30 percent to about 50 percent by weight of the composition that forms foam.

In one embodiment, the talc or talc derivative is present in a concentration of about 7.5 weight percent of the foaming composition. In another embodiment, the talc or any talc derivative is present in a concentration of approximately 6 weight percent of the foaming composition and the blowing agent.

INDUSTRIAL additional foam includes approximatelyFandT'J ^ x' ^I<g ^^ r

by weight of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, the additional foaming agent is present in a concentration range of about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent by weight of the foaming composition, for example in a range of about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, the additional foaming agent may be magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or a mixture of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. By way of example, the magnesium carbonate in the blend may comprise about 0.3 percent to about 3 weight percent of the foaming composition, and the calcium carbonate may comprise about 0.1 percent to about 1 weight percent of the foam-forming composition.

In one embodiment, talc or any talc derivative comprises about 6 weight percent of the foaming composition and the foaming agent comprises magnesium carbonate at about 1 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In another aspect, a foaming composition is disclosed which comprises at least one fluoropolymer in a molten state at elevated temperature, a compound of

IMPoI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

magnesium silicate at least molten fluoropolymer, and a foaming agent0us51TOspersoin the molten fluoropolymer; where the elevated temperature is sufficient to activate the foaming agent and where the foaming agent is present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 10 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, the elevated temperature may be greater than about 171.1 degrees C (340 degrees F), and for lower melting point fluoropolymers the elevated temperature is often in the range of about 221.1 degrees C to about 276.7 degrees C (about 430 degrees F to about 530 degrees F, for example in a range of about 254.4 to 276.7 degrees C (about 490 to about 530 degrees F).

In some embodiments, the elevated temperature to activate the foaming agent is greater than about 273.9 degrees C (525 degrees F). In other embodiments, the elevated temperature may be in one of the following ranges: in a range of about 298.9 to about 315 (about 600 degrees C degrees F);

(approximately 570 to in a range of approximately 315.6 to approximately 348.9 degrees C ¡IMPI (approximately 600 to approximately 6fcQ

range from about 332.2 to about 348.9 degrees C (about 630 to about 660 degrees about 337.8 C ( about 640 the fluoropolymer in the

F); at a range of about 348.9 degrees about 660 degrees F).

In some cases, the foaming composition comprises two or more different fluoropolymers.

In some embodiments, the magnesium silicate compound in the foaming composition is capable of functioning as both a nucleating agent and a foaming agent and can allow the foaming composition to be processed at a temperature of up to about 16.7 degrees C (about 30 degrees F) below conventional temperatures normally required during extrusion of conventional foam forming composition having the same fluoropolymer. These conventional temperatures can be slightly lower or higher than the fluoropolymer melting point, and the magnesium silicate compound can act as a processing aid to reduce or eliminate melt fracture during fluoropolymer processing.

In some embodiments, the magnesium silicate compound in the foaming composition can be a compound

of hydrated magnesium silicate. By ejjm

INSTI of magnesium silicate can be talc or talc. Furthermore, the foaming agent can be magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or a mixture of both magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate.

In some embodiments of the foaming composition, at least the magnesium silicate compound is present in a concentration range of up to about 50 weight percent of the foaming composition. For example, at least one magnesium silicate compound can be present in a concentration range of from about 2 percent to about 5 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, the magnesium silicate compound can be present in a concentration range of up to about 20 weight percent

<td colspan="4">of the foaming composition, for example</td><td>in an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 0.2</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td>percent, or</td><td>in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 0.5</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td>percent, or</td><td>in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 2</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td>percent, or</td><td>in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 15</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

about 20 percent of the compos

Also, in some modalities.

magnesium silicate as a minimum is- pi-eaentee — in1 a concentration equal to or greater than about 30 weight percent of the foaming composition, for example in a range of about 30 percent to about 50 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In one embodiment, the magnesium silicate at a minimum comprises about 7.5 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In another embodiment, the magnesium silicate compound comprises at least about 6 weight percent of the foaming composition and the foaming agent comprises about 0.4 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In some embodiments, the foaming agent comprises a mixture of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. In some cases, the magnesium carbonate comprises about 0.3 percent to about 3.0 percent by weight of the foaming composition, and the calcium carbonate comprises about 0.1 percent to about 1 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In one embodiment, magnesium carbonate as

minimum comprises approximately 6 per ciün ^ Vl-eE ^

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PBOHtUAD foaming composition and foaming agent empty *1'comprises' only magnesium carbonate at a *' - COTiCKiiLtcLCiÓIi approximately 1.0 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In many embodiments, the at least magnesium silicate compound and the foaming agent, for example calcium carbonate, are present in sufficient concentrations such that the foaming composition is capable of being processed to form a foamed article.

In yet another embodiment, the foaming and / or foaming composition includes a chemical agent that is capable of functioning as much as a nucleating agent such that the chemical agent allows processing at temperatures up to 16.7 degrees C (30 degrees F) below of the conventional temperatures normally required during extrusion of the foaming composition.

Another added benefit of using talc is that it neutralizes the acidity of hydrogen fluoride (HF) that can be released during extrusion. HF is highly acidic and causes corrosion in extrusion barrels, extrusion spindles and heads, tools and dies. Traditional metals or Inconel or non-Hasteloy surfaces cannot be used to extrude perfluoropolymers under normal process conditions and the use of talc significantly reduces the acidity of HF, mit

For corrosive wear in standard extrusion equipment.

In one embodiment, conventional temperatures are near or above the melting point of at least one fluoropolymer and where the chemical agent functions as both a nucleating agent and a blowing agent and acts as a processing aid to reduce or eliminate fracture. melt during processing of at least one fluoropolymer. Granules of the compounds described above can be created at about 221.1 to 348.9 degrees C (430-660 degrees F) and under certain conditions as low as about 171.1 degrees C (340 degrees F) inside the extruder barrel.

An embodiment of the present application includes, a first composition comprising a foaming agent comprising one or more fluoropolymers such as one or more perfluoropolymers, more talc or another talc derivative (which may include H2Mg3 (SiO3) 4; Mg3Yes4OR10 (OH) 2; 3MgO + 4SiO2+ H2OR; MgOH + H2O + SiOH) that are mixed, melted, and extruded into a solid granular form for extrusion that allows blowing or foaming with or without gas injection and with or without another chemical foaming agent.

A specific embodiment includes blends of a foaming agent comprising perfluoropolymer granules (eg, about 85 percent

UTO-MExBÍW *

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

recycled, comprise by weight of the composition) and talc (by exerting by weight of the composition) which is formulated together by heating to a melting point-select and extrude in a granulated form, rotating drum mix in granulated form for subsequent extrusion such that the granules are placed in an extruder, heated to a select melting point allowing the manufacture of blown or foamed insulating components.

An additional composition may comprise exclusively using a foaming agent with nucleating capabilities in a rotary drum treated mixture of 30 percent foaming agent with 70 percent perfluoropolymer granules.

A further embodiment includes a composition comprising a single perfluoropolymer or a mixture of different perfluoropolymers or perfluoropolymers where the perfluoropolymers recycled from 1.0-100 percent of the perfluoropolymers.

In another embodiment of a composition, an additional nucleating agent may be employed in combination with talc in an amount of from about 1 percent to 10 percent by weight of the composition.

In another embodiment, a composition comprises talc in an amount from about 2 percent to

approximately 20 percent by weight.

IMPI

Another modality, includes e'l

talc from a composition, during blowing or foaming, that reacts synergistically with another composition to form smaller, more uniform cellular structures in the other foam or blown composition.

Additionally, in one embodiment, a composition comprises 100 percent non-recycled talcum powder combined with 100 percent non-recycled perfluoropolymer, wherein the ratio of talc to perfluoropolymer is approximately 0.5 percent to 20 percent by weight of the composition. .

In another embodiment, the talc and / or the fluoropolymers and perfluoropolymer can be recycled or virgin.

In another embodiment, a composition comprises talc in an amount of from about 0.5 percent to about 20 percent by weight, wherein the talc and / or fluoropolymers, such as perfluoropolymer can be recycled materials.

In another embodiment, a composition comprises one or more organic or inorganic salts and fluoropolymers, such as perfluoropolymers.

In another embodiment, the cell insulation is 100 percent recyclable.

In another embodiment, a composition can comprise either organic or inorganic additives or qT

FROM THE PROPERTY 1 industrial inorganic salts, metal oxides, silica and silicon oxides as well as substituted and non-fullerenes-replace.

Also in one embodiment a composition is capable of meeting specific requirements for smoke generation and flammable quality, as defined by test specifications UL 910, UL 2424, NFPA 262, 259,

255, and EN 50266-2-x, class B.

In some cases, a twin screw or double screw extruder can be used for melting, mixing and granulating the compositions. In more detail, in some cases, the formulation process uses a two-stage system to ensure that the foaming components are fully distributed and dispersed in the base polymer of the final compound. The first stage requires making a master mix mixture of the foaming agents. The foaming agents are in fine powder form and a high intensity mixer, (eg Henschel type) is used to prepare the powder mix according to the specified formulation. A certain amount of resin, also in powder form, can be used in the first mixing stage as a mechanism for pre-dispersing the foaming and auxiliary agents in the second extrusion formulation stage. The second stage of the compounding process uses a twin screw extrusion formulation system to incorporate

and.

.ΙΤΓΓΜΕΧΙ1 OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

masterbatch of the foaming agent with the base resin. The formulation spindle design is such that there is enough heat and mechanical energy to fully thermally melt the base polymer and incorporate the master mix mixture with adequate distribution and dispersion during mixing for homogeneity, but nevertheless smooth enough to maintain temperature. processing compound below that at which foaming may start prematurely. The final compound can be a strand extrusion product and granules or alternatively an underwater granulation technique can be used (in other words air or water cooling is acceptable).

In other aspects, the invention provides a method of making a foaming composition, which comprises forming a mixture comprising a mixture of magnesium silicate compound, a foaming agent and at least one fluoropolymer base using thermal and mechanical energy to a processing temperature below a temperature at which foaming of the mixture occurs; wherein the foaming agent is present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the mixture and; then process the mixture to form a foam-forming composition. ΠΜΡΙ ^

MEXICAN INSTITUTE \ PE LA ΓΚΟΡΙΕΡΑΠ

In some embodiments of the method añf ^ PÍCbr, ~ eT fluoropolymer base can be any of -'- MFA / 1 PEE1·; —PEA and PTFE, ETFE, ECTFE, PVDF, or combinations of any two or more of these fluoropolymers.

In some embodiments, mixing processing in the above method comprises extruding the mixture to form an extrusion product. In some cases, the extrusion product can be granulated to form a plurality of foaming granules.

In some embodiments, processing of the mixture in the above method results in one or more foaming granules having a solid phase, such that the foaming granules are capable of being processed to form a foamed article.

In some embodiments, in the above method, the foaming composition is produced at a low enough temperature to prevent foaming of the composition.

In some embodiments of the above method, the temperature is low enough to thermally restrict foaming of the foaming composition.

In some particular embodiments of the above method, processing of the foaming composition comprises applying energy to the foaming composition.

As an example, the applied energy can ^ J ^ jJl · INSTITUTO MEXICANO η ,. ,. . . . ,. TELL THE PROPERTY 'of heat, pressure or any combination of caloiwy ™ pre

In some modalities, in the msg-ndn. anFpri nrJ al · processing of the foaming composition comprises fusion processing.

In some particular embodiments, in the above method, the foaming compositions can be in a solid state or in a molten state.

In some embodiments of the above method, the foaming agent is present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent by weight of the mixture. For example, the foaming agent may be present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent by weight of the mixture. In some cases, the foaming agent may be magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or a mixture of both magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate.

In some embodiments of the above method, at least one magnesium silicate compound comprises at least one hydrated magnesium silicate compound. For example, at least one magnesium silicate compound can include talc or any talc derivative. In some cases, in the above method, the magnesium silicate compound is present in a range of

concentration of about 2

MEXICAN INSTITUTE approximately 50 percent by weight of the ífe'tftfSS ^ 'aLai foams. In some cases, the Hp magnesium silicate compound is present in a concentration range of up to about 20 weight percent of the composition

<td colspan="2">which foams,</td><td colspan="2">for example in</td><td rowspan="2">an interval percent</td><td rowspan="2">of to</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 0.2</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td>percent or</td><td>in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 0.5</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td colspan="2">percent in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 2</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td>percent, or</td><td>in</td><td>an interval</td><td>of</td>

<td>concentration</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td> 15</td><td>percent</td><td>to</td>

<td>approximately</td><td> 20</td><td colspan="3">percent. In some cases,</td><td>the</td>

<td>compound</td><td colspan="2">magnesium silicate</td><td colspan="2">is present in</td><td>a</td>

<td>interval</td><td colspan="2">equal concentration</td><td>to</td><td>or older</td><td>than</td>

<td>approximately</td><td colspan="2">30 percent by weight</td><td>of</td><td>the composition</td><td>than</td>

Foams, for example in a concentration range of from about 30 percent to about 50 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In one embodiment, the magnesium silicate compound comprises about 7.5 weight percent of the foaming composition. In another embodiment, the magnesium silicate compound comprises about 6 weight percent of the foaming composition.

magnesium is

In you

Nucleation as a foaming agent <ip 1a pnmpngiriAn rpm foams, and may allow the composition to be processed at a temperature up to approximately 16.7 degrees C (approximately 30 degrees F) below the conventional temperatures normally required during extrusion of compositions that They form conventional foams having the same fluoropolymer base. These conventional temperatures may be slightly below or above the melting point of the fluoropolymer. The magnesium silicate compound can also act as a processing aid to reduce or eliminate melt fracture during fluoropolymer processing.

In some cases, a method of producing a foaming composition can be combined with an additional fluoropolymer and the combination can be processed to form a foamed article.

In one embodiment, a method of making a foamed article comprises providing a foaming composition including at least one fluoropolymer, at least one magnesium silicate compound, and one foaming agent, wherein the foaming agent is present in a range Concentrating from about 0.1 percent to about 10 percent by weight of the foaming composition and processing to form a foamed article.

the composition'q

As an example, the. Article pgpnmarin comprises, without limitation, communication cables, conductive spacers, cable spacers-supports, wire insulation, sheathing, sheaths, tapes, conduit tubes or any combination of communication cables, spacers-conductors, spacers-supports cable, wire insulation.

In many embodiments, the above processing step comprises applying energy, such as heat, pressure, or a combination of heat and pressure, to the foaming composition. By way of example, the processing step may include melt processing of the foaming composition.

In some cases, the foaming agent may be present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 5 percent by weight of the foaming composition. For example, the foaming agent may be present in a concentration range of from about 0.1 percent to about 2 percent by weight of the foaming composition. In some cases, the foaming agent can be magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or a mixture of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. In some

cases, a mixture of cartjior calcium carbonate is employed, where the magnesium carbonate comprises about 0.3 percent to about 3 percent by weight of the foaming composition and the calcium carbonate comprises about 0.1 percent to about 1 percent by weight of the foaming composition.

In some cases, the magnesium silicate compound comprises a minimally hydrated magnesium silicate compound. For example, the magnesium silicate compound can be talc or any talc derivative. In some embodiments, the magnesium silicate compound can comprise about 6.0 weight percent of the foaming composition. In some cases, at least one magnesium silicate compound comprises about 6 weight percent of the foaming composition and the foaming agent comprises about 0.4 weight percent of the composition. In some cases, at least one magnesium silicate compound comprises about 6 weight percent of the foaming composition and the foaming agent comprises magnesium carbonate at about 1 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In some cases, in the above method, the foaming composition is in the form of one or more granules.

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

In some cases, in the above method, one or more fluoropolymers are added to the foaming composition. By way of example, the one or more additional fluoropolymers may be present at a concentration of about 7.5 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In other embodiments, the invention provides a method and system for heating talcum powder and a selected granular perfluoropolymer or fluoropolymer that creates a melt-blending composition, extruding the molten composition, cooling the molten composition, and forming the solid composition in an agent. foam and nucleation granules.

Another embodiment includes communications cables, spacer-conductors, spacer-cable / conductor supports, sheathing, tapes, sheaths, wire insulation, conduit tubes, or any combination of communication cables, spacer conductors, spacer-cable supports, and wire insulation, which individually comprise the same blown and foamed composition or may use the composition which includes select perfluoropolymers or fluoropolymers.

Another embodiment of the description includes the use of a foam core and / or the use of a hollow core center, which in both cases significantly reduces the

IMPI

Material required over the length of the ·

INDUSTRIAL foaming effect and / or production of a separator-support with a hollow central portion, should result in improved flammable quality of the total cable by reducing the amount of material available as fuel for the UL 910 test, improved electrical properties for conductors not individual optics and total cable weight reduction.

A method and system where the blown and / or foamed perfluoropolymer composition, cable, spacer support, conduit tube, insulation, cladding, wrap and / or taping line speeds are at or approximately 22.9 to 457.2 m / min (75 at 1500 ft / min).

Additional benefits of the modalities include reduction of the total material mass required for conventional spacers, insulation and lining that contribute to flame and smoke reduction.

Another embodiment of the description includes using this foam process, either with chemical or gas foaming, and placing the foam surface layer with both being of the same material (eg perfluoropolymers) in a coextrusion or a second extrusion of a Thermoplastic non-fluoropolymer as a surface layer or encapsulated by a layer of foam or solid perfluoropolymer as an insulation, coating or cable filler.

In one embodiment of the present disclosure, talc, generally nucleating in foamed plastics, has been found

blowing agent without the presence of a dje — blowing agent

Another embodiment combines talc as a blowing agent, with one or more resins in the absence of any additional chemical blowing agents where the talc comprises approximately 2-50 weight percent of the resin and where the resulting composition is extruded into a product.

In another embodiment, the talc is combined with a resin as a masterbatch in a percentage of up to 15 weight percent of talc to resin and is an extrusion product as a granule.

In another embodiment, the talc is combined with a recycled resin as a masterbatch of up to 20 percent by weight talc to recycled resin and extrusion product as a granule.

In another embodiment, the resin (s) may be perfluoropolymers as a subset of fluoropolymers FEP, MFA, perfluoropolymers PFA or semicrystalline fluoropolymers ECTFE, ETFE, PVDF, and PTFE, etc., as pure resin, recycled resin, as single resin or in combination with other resins.

In yet another embodiment, the extrusion product is a granule, cross web, insulation, coating, and wire insulation. IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

In another embodiment, the granule prepa'í ^ SB *1· Qu £ - is processed as an extrusion product · & a1 The temperature is low enough that the fluoropolymer resin (s) are thermally restricted from foaming to form an extrusion product that can subsequently be extruded into coatings, separators, insulation, etc.

In another embodiment, the granules are extruded at a high enough temperature such that the resin is receptive to the talc blowing agent to generate a foamed article.

In another embodiment, the granules may optionally include a color concentrate.

In yet another embodiment, the foaming fluoropolymer compositions include fluoropolymer and perfluoropolymer materials where the recycle percentage used is between about 1 and 100 percent.

Additionally, the foaming fluoropolymer compositions also comprise one or more organic or inorganic salts and one or more selected perfluoropolymers.

In one embodiment, talc and perfluoropolymers or one or more fluoropolymers are recycled or virgin, and are extruded and pelletized.

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Additionally, the fluoropolymer compositions foam forming compositions that provide foamed cell insulation are 100 percent recyclable.

In another embodiment, the foaming fluoropolymers further include at least one of organic and / or inorganic salts, metal oxides, including zinc, silica oxides, silica oxides, substituted and / or unsubstituted fullerenes, PTFE fibrils, or fibrils of ETFE, metal borates, flame retardant fibers, including PAN fibers, and small particles, and montmorrilonite-based organoclays such as Perkolite® in this way reducing flame dispersion, smoke and improving the integrity of carbon residues when the composition is subject to combustion.

In a further embodiment, a method of manufacturing foaming perfluoropolymer-based cell isolation compositions includes providing a mixture of a first composition comprising up to about 20 weight percent of a blowing or foaming agent and a second composition. comprising up to 80 percent by weight of one or more selected perfluoropolymers, heating the mixture to cause melting of the first and second compositions to form a molten mixture of the 25 compositions, extruding and cooling the mixture

ΪΜ5 »3»> · melted to form a plurality of gr foam.

YES OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

The foaming granules can be '' used to generate one or more foamed articles as required.

In a further embodiment, the step of using granules to generate the one or more foamed articles, also comprises using a chemical or gas injection method.

In another embodiment, the manufacture of foam-forming fluoropolymer compositions includes incorporating a second composition that includes at least one of organic or inorganic salts.

In another embodiment, a blend is provided which includes rotating drum blending a granule formed with one or more fluoropolymers, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate or both magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate, together with other granules containing fluoropolymers and talc and a mixture of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and Aclyn wax to form a resulting foaming granule having improved properties for making foamed articles.

Additionally, it is convenient to add a color concentrate to the above described mixture or to any of the compositions described herein to incorporate a color concentrate into the granules.

An additional modality includes

J INSTITUTE

OF PROPERTY to manufacture a first insulating cover that circled-The conductive core (s) in such a way ™ qtrG “Ta. ~ * C Insulating cover is foamed and subsequently covered with a second insulating layer that is already solid or foamy.

Another embodiment includes a process, which comprises extruding a composition capable of forming a cellular foamed article in an extruder, wherein the extruder is specially designed to minimize mechanical cutting and increase heating, thereby mitigating premature foaming during melting, mixing, extrusion and granulating process of the composition, as well as mitigate the corrosion of the extruder barrel due to the passivation of acidic and acid gases that are given off by the use of granules together with perfluoropolymers and fluoropolymers during the extrusion process.

Another embodiment includes a method of forming fluoropolymer compositions comprising adding in an extruded melt of a fluoropolymer base resin, in sequential steps, sufficient talc to achieve a talc loading in the range of about 0.5 to 20 percent, in combination with resin fluoropolymer to form a foaming composition, wherein the foaming compositions are used for subsequent extrusion or molding processes providing end products of foamed and blown cellular luoropolymer ^ J ^^ *

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Another embodiment includes compositions that are extruded or molded into desired shapes and geometries without requiring the use of granules and wherein talc acts as a chemical blowing agent and can also act as a nucleating agent, a foaming agent, or both an agent. nucleation and foaming during extrusion or molding or any thermal processing.

Another embodiment includes a method where the compositions are extruded or molded into desired shapes and geometries requiring granules and where the talc acts as a chemical blowing agent and can also act as a nucleating agent, a foaming agent or both a nucleating agent as foaming, during extrusion molding or any thermal processing.

Still another embodiment includes using talc to neutralize the acidity of hydrogen fluoride present in the extruded melt and to lubricate and mitigate corrosion in extrusion barrels, spindles, extrusion heads, tools, and dies used to generate the extruded melt.

Another embodiment includes the use of talc to significantly reduce the acidity of hydrogen fluoride generated during extrusion of the fluoropolymer compositions.

In another embodiment, u is described:

OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL _ foams that is suitable for forming a foamed cellular insulation article that reduces the amount of combustible materials by 30 to 60 percent based on the extent of the foaming process and where the cellular foam insulation article is achieved with or without a gas blowing agent.

<td></td><td>In a</td><td>modality</td><td>yet</td><td>additional,</td><td>the</td><td>agent of</td>

<td></td><td>gas blowing</td><td>used</td><td>in</td><td>combination</td><td>with</td><td>talc</td>

<td> 10</td><td>resulting in a</td><td colspan="2">increase in</td><td>percentage</td><td>of</td><td>structure</td>

cell inside the foam cell insulation article.

In a further embodiment, producing a communication cable having flame retardant properties comprises the steps of: providing melt processable granules comprising one or more fluoropolymers, talc and magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, or both magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate capable of forming the foamed articles; Melt-process the granules at a predetermined temperature that exceeds approximately 273.9 degrees C (525 degrees F) to ensure that the temperature required to foam the granules is reached before entering an extruder, extrusion a metered amount of molten granules around an electrical lead and allow the composition to foam and expand to produce an insulated conductor with blown insulation.

fluoroppl

In another embodiment, the granules comprise perfluoropolymers and / or fluoropolymers and a blowing agent consisting essentially of talc or any talc derivative, wherein the talc or any talc derivative is a natural or synthetic hydrated magnesium silica.

In a further embodiment, talc or any talc derivative is a chemical composition comprising magnesium hydrosilicate represented by the formula: 3MgOSiO2H2Or, where SiO2 it is approximately 63.5 weight percent, MgO is approximately 31.90 weight percent and H20 it is approximately 4.75 percent by weight and may also include other minerals comprising: magnesite, chlorite, calcite, magnetite, carbonate, and dolomite.

In addition to the above embodiment, the foaming compositions include one or more of FEP, PFA MFA, PVDF, ECTFE, ETFE, and PTFE, and any or all of the following additives, including organic and / or inorganic salts, metal oxides, including zinc, silica oxides, silica oxides, substituted and / or unsubstituted fullerenes, PTFE fibrils, ETFE fibrils, metal borates, flame retardant fibers including PAN fibers, and PAN particles, and organ-clays, primarily composed of montmorrilonite also known as

OWNERSHIP O ** »23KiJSf INDUSTRIAL extrusion of resulting foam, thereby reducing flame, smoke dispersion and improving the integrity of carbon residues when compositions are combusted.

Another objective of the description is a foam insulation comprising the composition.

Still an object of the invention is a process for manufacturing the composition.

Still another object of the disclosure is a process for making foamed insulation of the composition.

Other objects of the disclosure include recycled or waste materials to form these compositions (granulated or otherwise), which can be processed and rotary drum mixed with or without virgin or bare perfluoropolymer or fluoropolymers, to obtain acceptable foaming compositions afterwards. heating and extrusion.

Foamed or blown articles or the foamed composition produced with a gas blowing agent, can be used in combination with talc, leading to an increase in the percentage of cellular structure within a foamed or foaming composition, when the Combination of talc and any of a chemical or gas blowing agent is used. This works with the use of

granules incorporating talc and where>

Faith have formed when talc and polymer granulated extrusion product. The prOdUCWJ,de-exLiuylóil granules (granules) are subsequently heated by extrusion, molding, etc., to form the foam, blown or cellular articles in question. These granules are known as foaming granules or foaming fluoropolymer compositions that can incorporate perfluoropolymers.

Additionally, the granules are suitable for foaming or blowing, such that when the granules are combined with additional one or more select perfluoropolymers or select fluoropolymer in an amount of from about 7 weight percent to about 70 weight percent of the granules , to form an extrusion product that is a foamed cellular insulation article.

Another embodiment is a method of making blown or foamed perfluoropolymer cell insulation compositions, wherein a second composition is a blowing or foaming agent comprising 20 weight percent of the first composition and 80 weight percent of the one or more Select perfluoropolymers heated to an appropriate melting point with homogeneous mixing, extrusion, cooling and granulating using chemical or gas injection methods.

IMPI

Another modality is a process of .extras ^^ E ^ ign the extrusion of a composition capable of forming cellular foam is extruded in an extruder, where the extruder is specifically designed to minimize mechanical cutting and excessive heating, in this way mitigating premature foaming during the melting, mixing, extrusion and granulating process of the composition, as well as mitigate the corrosion of the extruder barrel due to passivation of acidic and acid gases that are provided by the use of talc with perfluoropolymers and fluoropolymers during the extrusion process.

In a further embodiment, perfluoropolymer compositions comprising an extruded melt of a perfluoropolymer base resin in which sufficient talc has been added, in sequential steps, to achieve a talc loading in a range of 0.5 to 20 percent in combination with the perfluoropolymer resin to form compound granules, wherein the compositions can be used for subsequent thermal extrusion or molding processes and provide blown or foamed or cellular perfluoropolymer or fluoropolymer end products. In another embodiment, the compounded or formulated granules comprise about 7.5 weight percent talc and about 92.5 weight percent perfluoropolymer resin.

Perfluorop compositions <

IMPI

INDUSTRIAL

extruded or molded into desired shapes and geometries without granulating, wherein talc acts as a chemical blowing agent and may also act as a nucleating agent, a foaming agent, or both during extrusion or molding.

The foam forming compositions of the invention can be used to form foamed cellular insulation articles characterized by a 30 to 60 percent reduction in combustible materials based on the extent of the foaming process, wherein this foamed cellular insulation article is achieved with or without a chemical blowing agent or gas blowing agent.

Another embodiment is a method of producing a communication cable having flame retardant properties, comprising the steps of: mixing one or more granules formed in accordance with the teachings of the invention, at a temperature of at most 315.6 degrees C

<td colspan="2">(600 degrees</td><td colspan="2">F) to ensure that</td><td>reach the point</td><td>of</td>

<td>fusion</td><td>of the</td><td colspan="3">fluoropolymer and melt process</td><td>the</td>

<td colspan="3">cable compositions</td><td>at temperatures</td><td>default</td><td>than</td>

<td>exceed</td><td> 273.</td><td>9 degrees C</td><td>(525 degrees F)</td><td>To make sure that</td><td>I know</td>

<td>scope</td><td>the</td><td>temperature</td><td>required from</td><td colspan="2">blowing agent,</td>

<td>submit</td><td>to</td><td>extrusion</td><td>an amount</td><td>dosed from</td><td>a</td>

composition fused around an electrical lead, and allowing the composition to foam and expand

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

to produce an insulated conductor with chemical blown perfluoropolymer.

The granules can comprise arproximadaiiitíiiLU-Γ73 weight percent of talc and about 92.5 weight percent of perfluoropolymer or fluoropolymer.

The granules can comprise from about 2 to about 30 weight percent talc and about 70 to about 98 weight percent of the perfluoropolymer or fluoropolymer.

As noted above, talc or talc derivative is a chemical composition of a magnesium hydrosilicate represented by the formula; 3MgOSiO2H2Or, where SiO2 it is 63.5 percent by weight, MgO is 31.90 percent by weight and H2O is 4.75 percent by weight and optionally includes other minerals including magnesite, chlorite, calcite, magnetite, carbonate, and dolomite.

The granules can be chemically foamed or blown by an extrusion process, a molding process, or any known process that uses heat and / or pressure to achieve a commercially viable cellular product.

The cellular product (s) include, without limitation, FEP, PFA, and MFA, PTFE, ETFE, ECTFE, or PVDF, the resulting foamed extrusion product that meets fire, smoke, and coating requirements r impi ^,, _ _ __ INSTITUTE MEXICAN for a LAN cable. of the propertyC .. INDUSTRIAL

Cellular material can be formed by heating

<td>granules</td><td>than</td><td>have</td><td>a perfluoropolymer and</td><td>an agent</td><td>of</td>

<td>blown</td><td>than</td><td colspan="2">primarily consists of</td><td>talc to</td><td>a</td>

<td colspan="2">temperature</td><td>on</td><td>the temperature of</td><td>fusion</td><td>of the</td>

<td colspan="3">perfluoropolymer, and</td><td>about temperature</td><td>required</td><td>of the</td>

<td>talcum powder.</td><td>The</td><td>material</td><td>cell is formed by</td><td>to warm</td><td>the</td>

granules during an extrusion process.

Using 7.5% talc within the starting resin to produce a granule, may also include the use of molybdates including calcium and ammonium octa molybdate, which can already be mixed and dried with the granules or incorporated into the granules with 7.5% of preformulated talc containing granules to complete either a 2-stage or 1-stage thermal processing procedure, is also an object of the present disclosure. In addition or separately, MgOH and MgCO3 They can also be used in combination with these 1 or 2 stage thermal processing procedures, to improve the final thermal properties of any desired product.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a sectional view

INDUSTRIAL

IMPI «§,υΓ «®«

INDUSTRIAL that has two insulating layers surrounding a core

driver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For the purpose of the present invention, the term fluoropolymer is intended to denote any polymer that comprises recurring units (R), with more than 25 weight percent of recurring units (R) that are derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, comprising at least one fluorine atom (hereinafter fluorinated monomer).

The fluoropolymer preferably comprises more than 30 weight percent, more preferably more than 40 weight percent of recurring units derived from the fluorinated monomer.

The fluorinated monomer may further comprise one or more other halogen atoms (Cl, Br, I). The fluorinated monomer is free from a hydrogen atom, it is designated as per (halo) fluoromonomer. When the fluorinated monomer comprises at least one hydrogen atom, it is designated as a fluorinated hydrogen-containing monomer.

Non-limiting examples of fluorinated monomers are notably tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VdF), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and mixtures thereof.

Optionally, the fluoropolymer can comprise

recurring units formed from a primeé * 4n ^ ióftei

INSTITUTE, MEXICANO M LA RSOPIiDAO

- - £ Ί , INDUSTRIAL monomer is a fluorinated monomer as above and at least one other monomer [ΐτυΐΐ'ΐυΐΐΟΐπυΐ'σ · ..... f CM); - continued].

Next, the term comonomer (CM) should be intended to encompass both one comonomer and two or more comonomers.

The comonomer (CM) can be remarkably hydrogenated (ie free of fluorine atoms) [comonomer (HCM), below] or fluorinated (ie containing at least one fluorine atom) [comonomer (FCM), a continuation].

Examples of convenient hydrogenated comonomers (HCM) are notably ethylene, propylene, vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, acrylic monomers, with methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and hydroxyethyl acrylate, as well as styrene monomers, such as styrene and p-methylstyrene.

The polymer can be a hydrogen-containing fluoropolymer. By hydrogen-containing fluoropolymer is meant a fluoropolymer as defined above, which comprises recurring units derived from at least one hydrogen-containing monomer. A hydrogen-containing monomer can be the same monomer as the fluorinated monomer, or it can be a different monomer.

In this way, this def started '

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY notable copolymers of one or more per (halo) fWóWomo1 orna os (eg tetrafluoroethylene, c lorotrif luoreefe i 1 mio hexafluoropropylene, perfluoroalkylvinyl ethers, etc.), with one or more hydrogenated comonomers (eg ethylene, propylene, vinyl ethers, acrylic monomers, etc.), and / or homopolymers of fluorinated monomers containing hydrogen (for example vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, etc.) and their copolymers with fluorinated and / or hydrogenated comonomers.

Hydrogen-containing fluoropolymers are preferably chosen from:

TFE and / or CTFE copolymers with ethylene, propylene or isobutylene (preferably ethylene), with a molar ratio of one or more hydrogenated compound-comonomer (s) / per (halo) fluoromonomer (s) from 30:70 to 70:30 , optionally containing one or more comonomers in amounts from 0.1 to 3 0 mole percent, based on

CTFE comonomer (s) the total amount of TFE and / or hydrogenated (s) (see for example US Patent No. 3,624,250 and US Patent No. 4,513,129); Vinylidene Fluoride (VdF) polymers, optionally comprise reduced amounts, generally comprising 0.1 to 15 mole percent, of one more fluorinated comonomer (s) (see for example US Patent No.

iK ^ exSSNBP

O € THE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

4,524,194 and 4,739,024), and optionally or more hydrogenated comonomers; and its mixtures.

As used herein, a blowing agent comprising primarily talc achieves at least most of its talc blowing function. In certain exemplary embodiments, where the blowing agent primarily comprises talc, the blowing agent is at least about 30 weight percent talc. That is, in these embodiments, talc is at least about 30 weight percent of all operating materials as a blowing agent in the composition in the intended extrusion or other forming operation. In certain exemplary embodiments, the blowing agent is at least about 10 weight percent talc. In certain exemplary embodiments, the blowing agent consists essentially of talc. In certain exemplary embodiments, the blowing agent is at least about 2 0 weight percent talc. In certain exemplary embodiments, talc is used in combination with other blowing agents, including, for example, boron nitride and / or other known blowing agents, as well as any of the talc derivatives. Magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate are additional chemical blowing agents that can be used in combination with talc or any of the talc derivatives.

The present invention will become more apparent from the following drawings, detailed description of the drawings, and accompanying claims.

The present invention is generally directed to foaming and foaming compositions as well as methods for their formation. In many embodiments, these foaming and foaming compositions include at least one fluoropolymer, a magnesium silicate compound that can function as both a nucleating agent and a foaming agent and another foaming agent in a small amount, for example in a range of about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent of the composition. More particularly, it has been unexpectedly discovered that hydrated magnesium silicate (eg talc or a talc derivative) can function not only as a nucleating agent but also as a foaming agent. In many embodiments, this allows only a small amount of another foaming agent to be employed to provide a foaming composition that can be processed, for example by extrusion, to form a variety of foamed articles.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises magnesium hydroxide silicate, commonly known as talc and a perfluoropolymer. The talc content is at or about 15 percent with the perfluoropolymer in oIMBLí or at about 85 percent by weight JL J> VáL

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

PROPERTY talc may be in the range in cohcentraái£,OT1ATie percent and up to 50%. The component. The composition of the composition may be MFA, FEP, PFA, or ETFE as a uniformly selected pure perfluoropolymer or fluoropolymer, or as a mixture of one or more different fluoropolymers or perfluoropolymers or 100 percent non-recycled and / or recycled mixed perfluoropolymers. a ratio of 1 to 99 percent. The composition can then be placed in an extruder specifically designed to minimize heat transfer so that foaming or nucleation does not start prematurely and so that the composition can melt, mix, extrude and granulate. Additionally, an organic or inorganic salt can be added to the granule composition.

The composition may also comprise organic and / or inorganic additives, for example inorganic salts, metal oxides, silica and silicon oxides, as well as substituted and unsubstituted fullerenes.

The composition may be in the form of granules, which may then be blended with virgin or recycled fluorinated polymers, perfluoropolymers, or fluoropolymers, extruded at a temperature above the foaming or nucleation temperature, such that foaming and nucleation occur in the fluorinated polymers.

Smoke and flame retardants can

DFLA INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY foaming or foaming composition of the invention, such as those described above, to provide integrity of carbon residues. By way of example, a foaming composition may include at least one fluoropolymer, at least one magnesium silicate compound, and one flame and smoke retardant, wherein the foaming agent is present in a concentration range of about 0.1 per one hundred to about 10 weight percent of the foaming composition.

In some cases, the use of smoke and flame retardants combined with foamed or cellular fluoro and perfluoropolymers, which can reduce dripping and provide carbon residue integrity during any of the aforementioned combustion tests. Particularly useful in determining successful compositions with these capabilities is the use of the cone calorimeter as described below. The cone calorimeter is a fire proof device, used to burn small samples of various materials and collect data on release or release of heat, products of combustion, and other parameters associated with combustion. The instrument is based on the principle of calorimetry of oxygen consumption. This empirical principle is based on the observation that, in general, the net heat of combustion

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL, -.

combustion.

of any organic material the amount of oxygen required was related. Approximately 13.1 MJ of heat is released ppi-ki'luyidmo of consumed oxygen.

At the core of the instrument is a radiant electric heater in the shape of a truncated cone (hence the name). This heating element radiates a flat horizontal sample, 100 mm x 100 mm and up to 50 mm thick, positioned below, at a predetermined heating flow of up to 100 kW / m2. The sample is placed in a load cell for continuous monitoring of its mass as it burns. Ignition is provided by an intermittent spark lighter located 13 mm above the sample.

The gas stream containing the combined combustion products is captured through an exhaust duct system consisting of a high-temperature centrifugal fan, a hood, and an orifice plate flowmeter. Typical air flow rate is 0.024m3/ sec. Oxygen concentration in the exhaust stream is measured with an oxygen analyzer capable of a precision or accuracy of 50 ppm, and the rate of heat evolution is determined by comparing the oxygen concentration with the value obtained when no sample is burned.

To achieve cell compositions that reduce

IMPI properly flame and smoke and generate integiúT ^^ M ^^ Ng:

INDUSTRIAL

carbon, a description is given of the use of possible additives that can be combined to produce granules capable of being processed into foaming articles. Also part of the present description will describe the use of these fillers and / or additives that can be added directly to the dry mix prior to melt processing (not necessarily in the form of preprocessed granules);

For starters, Perkalite® is used as a flame retardant pyro-synergist in plastics. Perkalite® is a unique and versatile synthetic organ-clay, developed by AkzoNobel. It is also an organically modified synthetic clay based on magnesium aluminum double layer hydroxide (LDH = Layered Double Hydroxides), also referred to as hydrotalcite. By formulating in polymers, Perkalite® can exfoliate at the nanoscale, resulting in improved polymer properties such as: thermo-mechanical, pyro-retardant, barrier and rheological properties.

A unique feature of Perkalite® is its stability at higher temperatures compared to other commercially available montmorrilonite-based clays. Due to the low levels of addition required, Perkalite® offers cost effective solutions for numerous applications including:

INDUSTRIAL OELARROHÍDAD • Zero Flame Retardant Compounds The amount of mineral flame retardants in wires and cables and construction materials can be reduced '/' resulting in better mechanical properties, better processing and achieving stricter pyro retardant ratings.

• Other applications include: automobile tires, polypropylene storage systems, highly charged polymer compounds (as a dispersion aid), and various general polypropylene and rubber articles.

The preparation of nanocomposites based on Polyolefin-Perkalite® is understood and known, however combining this material with foam-forming fluoropolymers and / or perfluoropolymers (in granular form or during fusion processing) has not been previously described. The following is representative of the processing conditions required to prepare these compositions:

Processing Stages and Formulation Equipment:

• Cost effective preparation of Perkalite® nanocomposites, can be done by fusion processing of the matrix polymer, Perkalite® and a compatibilizer. Perkalite® polymer nanocomposites in this manner are conveniently obtained by well known extrusion formulation methods.

r · ρ ·

IMPI

INSTITUTO .MEXICANO

The preferred formulation method CEJ'4-F*Qf, | £ ait

two-stage preparation method:

• 1) produce a polyolefin / Perkalite® masterbatch without compatibilizer and subsequent:

• 2) it is allowed to descend with the matrix polymer in the presence of a suitable compatibilizer.

The present disclosure involves replacing fluoropolymers with polyolefins with specific materials of construction and processing conditions as described in the working examples given below.

Working through a master mix in most cases is essential to ensure a good exfoliation of Perkalite® during the descent stage. Single stage extrusion formulation does not ensure the full potential of Perkalite®. The single-stage extrusion method can result in a product, where Perkalite® behaves like a conventional micro-filler and thus leads to insufficient property improvements.

A masterbatch with 2 0 weight percent Perkalite® is preferred. Other additives, except the compatibilizer, can be added to the master mix.

In a second stage, the masterbatch is allowed to drop in the presence of the compatibilizer and the matrix polymer, at a concentration typically in the range of 0.5-5 weight percent of

Perkalite®.

As ii »e 2MSX

compatibilizer, these polyolefins' Lo

S>, __________ maleic should be used at recommended levels of addition !?

1-2 percent by weight (see the Use of Compatibilizers section).

The master mix and final compound are best prepared in a co-rotating twin screw extruder equipped with formulation screws, loss-in-weight feeders (LIWF), optionally, a side feeder, and a vacuum dome. Extruders with a high length / diameter ratio (UD) (eg Z 40) are preferred to ensure sufficient residence time.

Residence time:

The residence time in the extruder is considered to be of great importance for the degree of exfoliation of the modified clay. Exfoliation is considered to depend on the shear stress applied to the Perkalite® particles and on the kinetics of polymer chain penetration between platelets. Good results can be obtained with processes with an approximate average residence time of lOOs during preparation of the masterbatch and approximately 200s during formulation of the masterbatch and the compatibilizer in the polymer.

Feeding Location:

During production of the masterbatch, Perkalite® and polymer should be fed into the same feed location at the start of the extruder.

Perkalite® undergoes the optimum pressure and effort required to melt the polymer at the melt point. This can help break down Perkalite® particles into smaller units. Perkalite® particles will not undergo this stress when incorporated into the melt via a side feeder. The dispersion stress or strain transmitted to the Perkalite® particles will be less than in the fusion zone.

Use of Vacuum Gate:

Perkalite® F100 is slightly hygroscopic and contains some free water adsorbed between LDH platelets. When formulating Perkalite® in an extruder, the use of a vacuum gate is required to remove moisture and prevent void formation.

Use of Compatibilizers:

The beneficial effect of polyolefins - maleate, such as

Polybond®, as a compatibilizing agent, is indisputable. In nanocomposites comprising Perkalite®, these products help exfoliation, resulting in better final properties.

Suggested Compatibilizers

Polymer

PP

LOPE

Polybond® 3200 Compatible Polybond® 3109

Kind

MA-g-PP

MA-g-LOPE

HOPE

EVE

Polybond® 3009 No compatibilizer required

IMPI? «R'WSfflBS K -to

INDUSTRIAL

Using fluoropolymers and / or perfluoropolymers in combination with these compatibilizers, however is not known or described and is still another subject of the present application.

The compatibilizer should be added during the reduction stage in the main feed together with the master mix and matrix polymer. For optimal final properties, a level of 1-2 weight percent compatibilizer is recommended in the polymer.

Spindle Design:

For both polyolefin / Perkalite® masterbatch production and subsequent polymer-matrix formulation, a formulation spindle consisting of a melt section, a mix / dispersion section, and a vacuum vent section will provide positive results. The following working examples describe how to achieve compositions of the present description.

Low Zero Halogen Pyro Retardant Compounds

Smoke:

Environmental and human health considerations are driving rapid growth of Pyro retardant compounds of Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH = Low Smoke Zero

IMPI

Halogen). One of the fastest growing classes ^ fflS <t $$! ©%> $ e

INDUSTRIAL halogen-free retardants are flame retardants

minerals: ATH (aluminum trihydrate) and MDH (magnesium hydroxide). ATH and MDH are widely used as flame retardants for example in wire and cable applications and in building and structure construction.

Although mineral retardant pyro offer a relative cost effective solution for many LSZH applications, it does have certain disadvantages. Most important are the high ATH or MDH loads required to achieve the nominal retardant pyro rating of a certain product. ATH and MDH are typically added in amounts of 50-70% by weight to the compound. As a consequence, the mechanical properties of the polymer compound deteriorate and processing becomes difficult.

Perkalite® acts as a pyro retardant synergist, allowing the reduction of ATH or MDH in a compound or achieving better nominal pyro retardant ratings. As a result, the mechanical and processing properties of the compound can be improved or new applications become available. To illustrate the possibilities, some examples for applications on polyolefins are given below. For polyolefins, the preferred Perkalite® grade is Perkalite® FR100. The preferred grade for fluoropolymers and / or perfluoropolymers, without

IMPI. INSTITUTO MEXICANO however is described in the examples provided below.

Due to the high processing temperature of LSZH polypropylene compounds (220-230 degrees C), MDH is typically used as a retardant pyro, which has superior temperature stability compared to ATH. For many applications (not for wires and cables), the UL-94 rating1) Vo is an important rating or a good indication for the final retarding pyro properties of the final article. To achieve this nominal rating on polypropylene compounds, typically a 6 5 weight percent load of MDH is required. As a consequence, the material becomes very stiff, brittle and difficult to process.

Perkalite® also functions as a carbon residue promoting agent. The addition of Perkalite® leads to a type of tumescent behavior, resulting in a thicker layer of carbon residue on the surface of the compound. The thicker carbon residue layer provides a better barrier against thermal radiation and the evaporation of volatile compounds, and thus reduces the burning behavior.

LDPE and EVA are widely used in LSZH cable compounds. The main mineral retarding pyro applied in this area is ATH, typically at levels of 60-65 percent

in weigh. The main drive in the industry

Cables is to reduce the level of ATH, to fiw of. '• better the processing and mechanical properties of the compounds, while maintaining the proper retarding pyro rating. For some applications, it is desirable to improve the flame retardant rating to make new applications possible for LSZH cables.

The tests mainly give knowledge of the spread of flame in the cables. On a laboratory scale, the cone calorimeter is the best tool available to gain insight into the cable's final burning behavior (Heat Release Rate or Heat Release Rate (HRR)) and (Peak Heat Release Rate (PHRR) = Peak Heat Release Rate)). Recently, cables have been included in the classification system under the European Construction Products Directive (CPD). In this new directive, cables are not only tested in flame dispersion but also in HRR.

To illustrate the effect of Perkalite® on

Heat Release Rate, various compounds have been made with Perkalite® and tested on the cone calorimeter. In addition to the level of Perkalite® addition, the effect of using a compatibilizer (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, MA-g-PE) has also been investigated. MAg-PE is widely used as a compatibilizer for ATH and

IMPI

Dismvrro mexicana, maillUlU MtAICrtnv;

acts on compounds containing Perkalit

exfoliation.

The proper method of formulation is of key importance to achieve maximum fire retardant results, as Perkalite® requires exfoliation of the polymer. Perkalite® can be processed in conventional equipment such as: twin screw extruders, Buss mixers and Internal Mixers. The Perkalite® exfoliation process is primarily driven by physical-chemical interaction and the polymer requires some time to move between the individual Perkalite® platelets. Therefore, the important parameter during formulation is to allow sufficient residence time during mixing.

Perkalite® can be used as a flame retardant synergist in Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) compounds, which contain Aluminum Trihydrate (ATH) or Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH). As a result, the amount of mineral retardant pyro can be reduced, resulting in better mechanical and processing properties. Furthermore, with Perkalite® more severe pyro retardant ratings can be achieved for applications where ATH or MDH alone cannot meet the specification.

In addition to Perkalite®, various other pyro retardants, smoke suppressant additives can be combined to provide compositions of

ί · · ϊ / τ / π -ι ^ MEXICAN INSTITUTE fluoropolymer / perf luoropolymer that meetsmpRomDXRequirements for the present description. Some of the specific commercially available additives include:

KEMGARD® MZM uses Zinc as ZnO and Molybdenum as

MbO3:

Composition properties Composition:

Appearance:

Specific Gravity Oil Absorption (gllOOg)

Particle Size

Average (micras)

PH

Solubility (g / 100 mi) Humidity (%)

Mesh residue 325 (% -max) physical include:

Zinc Molybdate / Magnesium Hydroxide Complex White Powder

2.63

32.3

1.2

9.4

0.016

0.80

0.05

Applications for KEMGARD® MZM may include pyro retardation, smoke suppression, and dynamic stability in rigid PVC applications - no perfluoropolymers or fluoropolymers. Key known benefits are:

• High Efficiency and Economical • Promotes Carbon Residue Formation • Excellent Dynamic Stability in PVC Compound • Helps Comply with Fire / Common Smoke Tests

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE including ASTM E84, E662, D3843, D2863, UL94

Suggested levels of use have been typical 8-15 phr addition levels.

KEMGARD® 350 uses calcium carbonate (cas 471-34-1), calcium molybdate (cas 7789-82-4):

Typical physical properties include:

Composition: calcium molybdate

Appearance: white powder

Molybdenum Content 36%

Specific Gravity 4.12

Oil Absorption (gllOOg) 17

Particle Size

Average (microns) 4.6 pH 9.4

Humidity (%) 0.1

Mesh Residue 325 (% -max) 0.01

Specific Resistance (ohm) 9,600

KEMGARD® 350 is used for pyro retardation and smoke suppression in wire and cable insulation, components and cladding. It can also be used in building materials and other low smoke applications with the following key benefits:

• High purity • Excellent Thermal Stability

MPI • Excellent Resistance to Moisture • Effective Formation of Coal Residues

• Compatible with both Halogenated and Non-Halogenated Systems • Helps to Meet Common Fire / Smoke Tests including ASTM E84, E662, 0 3843, 0 2863, UL94, UL910 and NFPA

263.

Addition levels of 3 - 10 phr are typical. KEMGARD® 501 uses calcium carbonate (cas 47134-1) and calcium molybdate (cas 7789-82-4):

Typical physical properties include:

Composition:

Appearance:

Specific gravity

Oil Absorption (gllOOg)

Particle Size

Average (microns) pH

Humidity (%)

Solubility (g / 100 mi) Mesh Residue 325 (% -max) Specific Resistance (ohm)

Calcium Molybdate Complex White Powder

2.9

15.1

3.7

8.9

0.15

0.001

0.01

8,600

KEMGARD® 501 is used for pyro retardation and smoke suppression in plastic compounds, including wire and cable coatings, rigid sheets or foils,

glossy film, wallpaper, stickers and

Is:

• Highly Efficient and Economical • Average Carbon Residue Formation • Compatible in both Halogenated and Non-Halogenated Systems • Helps Comply with common Fire / Smoke Tests including ASTM E84, E662, 03843, 0 2863, UL94, UL910 and NFPA 263.

Addition levels of 3 - 25 phr are typical. KEMGARD® 911C uses talc (cas number 14807-96

6). zinc molybdate (cas number 61583-60-6. cas 22914-58

5) :

Typical physical properties

Composition:

Appearance:

Specific gravity

Oil Absorption (gllOOg)

Particle Size

Average (microns) pH

Humidity (%)

Solubility (g / 100 mi) Residue Mesh 325 (% -max) include:

Zinc Molybdate / Magnesium Silicate Complex White Powder

2.8

40.5

3.3

6.5

0.40

0.030

0.20

KEMGARD® 911C is used for

MEXICAN INSTITUTE, „DE LA PROPIEDAD smoke suppression in plasti compounds <3 © y ^ai4ncTuyerrao wire and cable coatings, sheets. RÁgi¿la & Ír·. '. Film · satin, wallpaper, adhesive and epoxy compounds. Key benefits include:

• Highly Efficient and Economical • Promotes Carbon Residue Formation • Compatible in both Halogenated and Non-Halogenated Systems • Helps to Comply with common Fire / Smoke Tests including ASTM E84, E662, 0 3843, 02863, UL94, UL910 and NFPA

263 .

Addition levels of 3 - 25 phr are typical.

Additionally, Firebrake® 500 retardant pyro is a dehydrated zinc borate with multifunctional applications in a variety of polymers. Since Firebrake® 500 does not contain hydration water, it is stable up to 600 degrees C, and can therefore be used in polymer systems that require very high processing temperatures. Firebrake® 500 can be fed to these extruders, calenders, or injection molding equipment in the same way as other solid polymer additives.

Firebrake® 500 can be used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant in a variety of polymers including polyether ketone, polysulfone, fluoropolymer, polyester and

IMPI

Firebrake® 500 has an ef

INDUSTRIAL nylon.

significant in the rate of heat evolution that

Firebrake® 500

Everybody

Retarding pyro

2ZnO 3B2O3

Inorganic Borates is of special interest where this factor is important such as in aircraft applications.

The composition is given below:

Analysis

Chemical: Boric Oxide: 56.20% Zinc Oxide: 43.80%

Name of

Product:

Grade:

Product use:

Chemical formula:

Chemical name / synonyms Chemical Family:

CAS Registry Number: 1332-07-6

Additional additives include the use of 1 to 5 weight percent PTFE Fibrils.

Such as FluoroFR® 150: with a 50 micron average primary particle size and 200 nanometer primary particle size from Shamrock Technologies.

Polyflon FA 500C, with a primary average particle size of 500 microns and a primary particle size of 300 nanometers supplied by Daikin USA.

Also of possible use are fiber:

which include oxidized Polyacryl Nitrile (PAN) fibers: 1% to 5% known as PYROMEX Staple with the following properties. A LOI 50 - 60, Denier: 2, and a filament with an outer diameter of 15 microns supplied by Toho Tenax

America.

PANOX FA C063 SSC

Staple with the following properties, a LOI value of 50 to 60, Denier; 1.67, OD of a 13 micron Filament and supplied by SGL Carbon Corp. or Pyron Staple of LOI 40 to 50, denier 1.67, OD of a 13 micron filament with a resistivity of 8xl08 ohm-cm supplied by Zoltek

Corporation.

MWCNT Carbon Nanotube Fibers with the following weight percent of 0.5% to 1.5% and a resistivity greater than 109 ohm-cm are also included as fillers and additives for the present description.

ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) MB9315-00 fibrils with an outer diameter of 10 nanometers and a length of 10 microns supplied by Hyperion Catalysis International are also included for use in the compositions of the present application.

In short, the goal of flame retardancy and cell size reduction to promote reduced flame dispersions and smoke suppression as well as residue integrity

of coal, is recognized with the use of

FROM INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY or fillers described above including nanoclays, metal molybdate and salt complexes (silicates, oxides as well as calcium, magnesium, etc.)

Process modifications to achieve average cell size production less than 10 microns after granules or other preferred fluoropolymer compositions are foamed, it is also a desirable goal to achieve the required and previously desired carbon smoke, flame and residue properties. described. This includes modifications to coating compounds to achieve superior integrity of carbon residue from the coating during testing.

UL910.

Polybond® 3200 Product Overview:

Polybond® 3200 is a chemically modified polyolefin.

Chemical Structure:

Composition: Homopolymers modified with maleic-polypropylene anhydride.

Characteristics:

• Chemical coupling agent for glass, mica, talc, wood and polypropylene reinforced with natural fibers giving improved physical and thermal properties.

t '·· • Compatible for mix t | s? lj

INSTITUTO MEXICANO polypropylene / polyamide and polypropylene / EVOÑ ^^ i ^^ S ^ processing and mechanical properties.

• Physical properties comparable to other Polybond® 5 products can be obtained using lower addition levels.

Typical Physical Properties.

<td>Appearance</td><td>Granules</td>

<td>Flow expense</td><td>115 g / 10 min. (ASTM D-</td>

<td>Fusion (190 / 2.16)</td><td> 1238)</td>

<td>Density 23 ° C</td><td>0.91 g / cc (ASTM D-792)</td>

<td>Melting point</td><td>157 ° C (DSC)</td>

<td>Anhydride level</td><td>1.0% by weight</td>

<td>Maleic</td><td></td>

Properties in Polypropylene filled with Glass at

30%:

Properties increase due to the addition of Polybond® 3200

SSE1 ^ ZX17C £ 2 »* ¿

<td rowspan="2">PROPERTY</td><td rowspan="2">0.25% PB® 3200</td><td colspan="2">0. 5% ΡΒ® | ΐ ^> |</td><td rowspan="2"></td>

<td> 1 3200</td><td>WTTTVTO MEXICANO OR ¿UÜIDUSTMÍAL</td>

<td>Resistance to</td><td> 17%</td><td> 19%</td><td> 22% </td><td> 27%</td>

<td>traction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Resistance</td><td> 15%</td><td> 20%</td><td> 26%</td><td> 27%</td>

<td>Flexural</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Izod Impact</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Notch</td><td> 42%</td><td> 45%</td><td> 66%</td><td> 75%</td>

<td>Mussed</td><td> 36%</td><td> 80%</td><td> 104%</td><td> 120%</td>

The generation of the previous data was by extrusion with twin spindles. The level of Polybond® addition was based on the total weight of the compound. Glass type was PPG 3242 3.18 mm (1/8).

The description includes and defines the manufacture of cables, x frames, spacers of any shape or size, as well as insulation of any type of conductor and complete covering for cables and complete constructions of cables using any of the compositions previously described.

In another embodiment, an article 10 is described, shown schematically in FIG. 1, including a conductive core 20, a twisted pair cable, or other conductive member such as a single wire, covered, for example coated by a layer of foamed perfluoropolymer 30, in accordance with the teachings of the invention. Another (second) insulating layer 40 covers, for example eBaaaeaia * MW

FROM INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY insulating stage 30. The second layer 40 comprises cellular foam cells, for example the foam cells may have dimensions in the range of about .0127 to .0762 mm (0.0005 in to about 0.003 in). While in some cases the second layer 4 0 is formed from a fluoropolymer, for example according to the teachings of the invention, in other cases it can be formed from a nofluoropolymer, (such as any of the known thermoplastics including interlocking polyethylene, copolymers polyethylene / polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and accompanying fillers or fillers as required to stabilize these polymers in the presence of the heat required to process the fluoropolymers, for example using single and dual extrusion techniques). In some cases, the foamed compositions can be formed using a cellular foaming extrusion process using a single or double or dual head extruder, with the cellular foam being formed by chemical means, gas injection means, or both injection means gas as chemicals.

The description includes and defines the manufacture of cables, x-frames, spacers of any shape or size, as well as insulation for any type of conductor and complete covering for cables and complete cable constructions using the compositions described above.

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

To further elucidate various aspects of the invention, the following working examples are provided. The examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily intended to present optimal practice of the invention and / or optimal results that can be obtained by practicing the invention.

Example of Work Formulation 1:

One composition includes talc (MgSiOH;

3MgO + 4SiO2 + H2O; MgOH + H2O + SiOH) or other talc / talc derivatives such as Mg3Si4O10 (OH)2 It was added sequentially in the feeder section with perfluoropolymer resin base in a ratio of 15 percent to 20 percent talc and 80 percent to 85 percent perfluoropolymer resin. The extrusion of the base resin perfluoropolymer is granulated into a single granule. The temperature profile for zones 1 to 6 was as follows: 271.1, 276.7, 282.2, 293.3, 304.4, and 315.6 ° C (520, 530, 540, 560, 580, and 600 degrees F). The process temperature of this simple compound granule with 7.5 percent talc and 92.5 percent resign perfluoropolymer was kept to a minimum to ensure that premature foaming did not occur during granule formation. The granules were extruded in a 30 to 1 ratio in a high temperature extruder with temperature zones of 273.9, 279.4, 287.8, 304.4, 337.8, and 348.9 ° C (525, 535, 550,

580, 640 and 660 degrees F) for extrusion;

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

profiles, insulation and coatings.

Example of Work Insulation Extrusion ..... 2 ": ......———

Insulation of foamed perfluoropolymer was extruded on a 24 gauge wire, using a matrix and pointed crosshead. The extruder was a high temperature device, 3.81 cm (1% in), 30: 1 ratio. The spindle design was a high compression spindle

4: 1. Line speeds ranged from 121.9 to 457.2 m / min (400 to 1500 ft / min). The spindle rpm was 12 to 35 rpm with pressure in the range of 105.5 to 14 0.6 kg / cm2 (1500 to 2000 psi). The melting temperature was 358.9 ° C (678 ° F). The extruder was loaded with granules containing 10 percent talc and 90 percent FEP. This resulted in a 41 percent foaming insulation product with an average foamed cell size of .001778 cm (0.0007 in).

Example of Job Profile Extrusion 3:

A cross weft cable standoff-bracket was manufactured with a 3.81 cm (1 1/2 in) high temperature extruder using the following materials and conditions;

Using a cross hatch die with a high compression spindle, an in-line speed of 45.1 m / min (148 ft / min), at a pressure of 119.5 kg / cm2 (1700 psi), with a spindle speed of 4 8 RPM and a melting temperature of 342.8 ° C (649 ° F). The extruder:

INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA rUONEDAP master mix of granules, granules with 593P5H <4i

in :exr go percent of talc and 85 percent of pe: p -t ?. macat-ra rfe granules were mixed in a 50:50 ratio with 100 percent FEP. Therefore, the final mixing ratio was 50 percent master mix granules and 510 percent FEP. This resulted in a cross hatch extrusion product that was 4 0 percent foamed with an average foamed cell size of .00152 cm (0.0006 in).

Example of Job Profile Extrusion 4:

A double helix cable standoff-bracket was manufactured using a 1 1/2 in. Extruder with the following materials and conditions:

A weft cable-standoff-bracket was manufactured using a profile extrusion die with a high compression spindle, an in-line speed of 22.9 m / min (75 ft / min) at a pressure of 130 kg / cm2 (1850 psi) a spindle speed of 40 RPM and a melting temperature of 341.1 ° C (646 ° F). The extruder was loaded with master mix granules containing 15 percent talc and 85 percent FEP. This master mix was mixed with 100 percent FEP. The final mixing ratio was 7 0 percent master mix granules and 30 percent FEP. This resulted in a weft extrusion product that foamed 33 percent with an average foamed cell size of .001778 cm (0.0007

IMPI

Mexican Institute of Industrial Property

Extrusion-Isolation Example 5:

Insulation of foamed perfluoropolymer was extruded on 24 gauge wire using a matrix and pointed crosshead. The extruder was a high temperature device, 3.81 cm (1 in), 30: 1 ratio. The spindle design was a 4: 1 high compression spindle. Line speeds ranged from 91.4 to 274.3 m / min (300 to 900 ft / min). The spindle rpm was 12 rpm at 30 rpm with pressure in the range of 105.5 to 140.6 kg / cm2 (1500 to 2,000 psi). The melting temperature was 360 ° C (680 ° F). The extruder was loaded with granules containing 10 percent talc and 90 percent FEP. This resulted in an insulation product that foams 35 percent with an average foamed cell size of .001778 cm (0.0007 in).

Example of Work Formulation 1:

Materials that can be used for fusion formulation:

Talc: 7.4%

PTFE Fibrils (FluoroFR® 150)

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 91.1% (7.5% x 98.5% =

1.5% }

9.9%

7.4% talc)

Process Sequences:

7.4% Talc, 1.5% FluoroFR® 150 and 91.1% are added

ΙΜΡΪ

FEP 57P Foaming.

INSTITUTE MF.lfCAMT P> E i> PWjrJKMF '

The mixture must be formulated in a barriT1 stainless steel and fed to a unit * · 'd'tí' 'furillLH'a,tri7? fl '~ n ^' 'fusion, which can produce a batch of 11.35 kg (25 Ib) in continuous sequence, resulting in granules capable of providing foaming compositions.

Formulation Example - Work 2:

Materials that can be used for fusion formulation

Talc: 5.8%

Perkalite® F100: 19.5%

Polybond® 3200: 3%

FEP NP102: 71.7% (7.5% x 77.5% = 5.8% Talc)

28.3%

Process Sequences:

5.8% Talc, 19.5% Perkalite® FR100, 3% Polybond® 3200, and 77.5% FEP NP102 are added.

The mixture should be formulated in a stainless steel barrel and fed to a melt formulation unit, using the lowest possible temperature profile, which can produce a batch of 9.08 kg (20 Ib) of finished granules capable of producing foamed articles.

Repeat Work Example 2,

Perkalite®.

Formulation Example - Work 3:

Materials used for formulation:

using 20% of

Talc: 6.8%

Perkalite® FR100 Concentrate CCG FEPF,

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 83.2Τ (~ Τ: ~ 5 ^ -χ-90% * C.8 ° b.

Talcum powder)

Process Sequences:

6.8% Talc, 10% Perkalite® FR100 FEP Concentrate and 83.2% FEP 57P Foaming are added.

The mixture is formulated in a stainless steel barrel and feeds the melt formulator and uses the lowest possible io temperature profile to produce a batch of 11.35 kg (25

Ib) of granules capable of producing foamed articles.

The process recommendations for each of the first three working examples are as follows (where Z2-Z11 are the temperature zones for the fusion formulation equipment);

Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5 Z6 Z7 Z8 Z9 Z10 Zll head

Temperature Profile:

204.4, 315.6, 315.6, 315.6, 301.7, 301.7, 301.7, 301.7,

301.7, 301.7, 315.6 ° C (400, 600, 600, 600, 575, 575, 575, 575, 575, 575, 600 ° F)

Formulator RPM: 110

Torque level (Amps): 17% function index should be within a range of 30

Work Example-Formulation 4:

100

Fusion compositions:

Talc: 7.2%

Perkalite® F100: 2%

Polybond® 3200: 1%

Aclyn Wax: 1%

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 88.8% (7.5% x 96% =

7.2% talc)

Process Sequences:

7.2% of Talc, 2% of Perkalite® FIOOS, 1% of Polybond® 3200, and 1% of Aclyn wax, and 88.8% of FEP 57P are added, which form and foam.

The mixture is prepared in a stainless steel barrel and fed to the melt formulator and uses a vacuum system with the lowest possible temperature profile to provide a 11.35 kg (25 lb) batch of acceptable granules capable of delivering the articles. foamed. Example of Work Formulation 5:

Compositions of materials for fusion formulation:

Talc: 7.25%

Kemgard® MZM: 3% r 10.5%

Aclyn Wax: 0.25%>

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 89.5% (7.5% x 96.75% = 7.25% Talc)

Process Sequences:

101

7.25% Talc, 3% Kem wax Aclyn, and 96.75% FEP 57P are added. ——

The mixture is formulated in a stainless steel barrel and fed to the melt formulator, to produce a batch of 5 11.35 kg (25 Ib) in a continuous sequence of acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles. Work Example 6:

Composition of materials that can be used for fusion formulation:

Talc: 7.25%

Kemgard® 350: 3.0

10.5%

Aclyn Wax: 0.25% J

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 96.75% (7.5% x 96.75% = 7.25 Talc)

Process Sequences:

7.2% Talc, 3.0% Kemgard® 350, 0.25% Aclyn Wax, and 96.75% FEP 57P Foaming are added.

Mix the mixture in a stainless steel barrel and feed the formulator with melt to produce a batch of

11.35 kg (25 Ib) in continuous sequence of acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles.

Work Example 7:

Compositions of materials for formulation with fusion;

Talc: 7.18%

Kemgard® 350: 1.0

102

Firebrake® ZB 500: 3.I heard

Aclyn Wax: 0.25%

11.43

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE f

OF THE PROPERTY 7- INDUSTRIAL

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 88.57% (7.5% x 95.75% = 7.18 Talc)

Process Sequences:

7.18% Talc, 1.0% Kemgard® 350, 3.0% Firebrake® ZB 500, 0.25% Aclyn Wax, and 88.57% FEP 57P are added.

That foams.

The mixture is formulated in a stainless steel barrel and fed to the melt formulator, to produce a 11.35 kg (25 Ib) batch in a continuous sequence of acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles.

Example of Job 8:

Composition of materials that can be used for fusion formulation:

Talc: 7.14%

FluoroFR® 150: 1.5%

Kemgard® 350: 3.0% 11.89%

Aclyn wax 0.25%

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 88.11% (7.5% x 95.25% = 7.14% Talc)

Process Sequences:

Added 7.14 Talc, 1.5% FluoroFR® 150, 3.0% Kemgard® 350, 0.25% Aclyn Wax, and 95.25% FEP 57P.

103

^ BBggSliy-WB ^ aflaBgTw; ·, ¡, foam.

IMPI

The mixture should be formulated in a stainless steel barrel and fed to the melt formulator, which can deliver a 11.35 kg (25 Ib) batch in a continuous sequence, to form acceptable granules capable of delivering the foamed articles.

Work Example 9:

Compositions of materials for formulation with fusion:

Talc: 7.16%

FluoroFR® 150: 1.5%

Kemgard® 350: 3.0%

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 88.34% (7.5% x 95.5% =

7.16% talc)

Process Sequences:

7.16% Talc, 1.5% FluoroFR® 150 Kemgard® 350 and 88.34% FEP 57P are added Foaming.

The mixture is prepared in a stainless steel barrel and fed to the melt formulator, to produce 11.35 kg (25 Ib) batches in a continuous sequence to form acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles.

The use of process conditions (which vary from those in Work Examples 4-9) recommendations include the following:

Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5 Z6 Z7 Z8 Z9 Z10 Zll head

104

<td colspan="3">Temperature Profile:</td>

Formulator RPM: 150

575, 575, 575, 600 ° F)

7, 301.7, 301.7, 301.7,

Torque level (Amps): 29% Fusion index: 20 to 30

Work Example 10:

Compositions with fusion:

Talc: 7.16

FluoroFR® 150 Kemgard® MZM:

of materials used for formulation

1.5%

3.0%

11.66%

FEP NP102 - 57P Foaming: 88.34% (7.5% x

95.5% = 7.16% Talc)

Process Sequences:

7.16% Talc, 1.5% FluoroFR® 150, 3.0% Kemgard® MZM, and 88.34% FEP 57P Foaming are added.

The mixture is formulated in a stainless steel barrel and feeds the formulator with melt which can produce 11.35 kg (25 Ib) batches in a continuous sequence to form acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles.

Work Example 11:

Compositions of materials that are used for

105

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

formulation with fusion:

Talc: 3.0%

FluoroFR® 150: 2.5%

Kemgard® MZM: 2.5% p 8.65%

MgCO3: 0.40%

Aclyn wax 0.25%

Daikin ETFE: 91.35%

Process Sequences:

Added 3.0% Talc, 2.5% FluoroFR® 150, 2.5% io Kemgard® MZM, 0.40% MgCO3, 0.25% Aclyn Wax, and 91.35%

Daikin ETFE.

The mixture is formulated in a stainless steel barrel and feeds the formulator with melt which can produce a 11.35 kg (25 Ib) batch in a continuous sequence to form acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles.

Work Example 12:

Compositions of materials used for fusion formulation:

106

3.0% FluoroFR® 150. 2.0%

Talc: 4.0%

FluoroFR® 150: 3.0%

Kemgard® 350: 2.0%

MgCO3: 0.50%

Aclyn wax 0.25%

PVDF 11008-003: 90.25%

Process Sequences:

4.0% Talc is added,

Kemgard® 350, 0.50% MgCO3, 0.25% Aclyn Wax, and 90.25 of 10 PVDF 11008-003.

The mixture is formulated in a stainless steel barrel and fed to the melt formulator which can produce a 11.35 kg (25 Ib) batch in a continuous sequence to form acceptable granules capable of providing the foamed articles.

For Working Formulation Examples 10-12, the following process conditions and temperature extrusion profiles were used with ETFE and PVDF as the base polymers:

<td>Zone</td><td>Temperatures</td><td>° C / ° F</td>

107

<td>Clamp</td><td> 276.7/530</td><td> 232.2/450</td>

Mexican IMPI

Industrial property

It will, of course, be appreciated that the system, method, compositions, and examples provided and described are merely given by way of illustration, and the description is not limited to the precise embodiments described herein; Various changes and modifications can be made by a person skilled in the art, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the claims of the invention.

108

Contents66

35 members in 7 offices

This recordMember, by publication datePriority claim

Priority claims11

Priority claims
Document	Office	Kind	Date
95372907	United States of America	P	2007-08-03
95372907	United States of America	P	2007-08-03
96332207	United States of America	P	2007-08-03
96332207	United States of America	P	2007-08-03
12590471	United States of America	–	2009-11-09
59047109	United States of America	A	2009-11-09
59047109	United States of America	A	2009-11-09
12590471	–	–	–
US20070953729P	–	–	–
US20070963322P	–	–	–
US20090590471	–	–	–

Members35

Family members, oldest first
Document	Office	Kind
CA2663275A1	Canada	A1	2009-02-03
WO2009019209A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2009-02-12
WO2009020554A2	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A2	2009-02-12
WO2009020555A2	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A2	2009-02-12
US2009048359A1	United States of America	A1	2009-02-19
WO2009020554A3	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A3	2009-04-16
WO2009020555A3	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A3	2009-04-16
WO2009020555A8	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A8	2009-06-11
MX2009008301A	Mexico	A	2009-09-18
US2010072644A1	United States of America	A1	2010-03-25
EP2176326A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2010-04-21
US2010151243A1	United States of America	A1	2010-06-17
CN101809074A	China	A	2010-08-18
CA2704902A1	Canada	A1	2011-05-09
CA2990358A1	Canada	A1	2011-05-09
MX2010001282A	Mexico	A	2011-05-19
US7968613B2	United States of America	B2	2011-06-28
EP2176326B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2011-07-20
ATE517146T1	Austria	T1	2011-08-15
US2011224318A1	United States of America	A1	2011-09-15
EP2380923A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2011-10-26
US8278366B2	United States of America	B2	2012-10-02
US8318819B2	United States of America	B2	2012-11-27
US2013046038A1	United States of America	A1	2013-02-21
CN101809074B	China	B	2013-04-10
US2013090398A1	United States of America	A1	2013-04-11
EP2380923B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2013-07-24
US8877823B2	United States of America	B2	2014-11-04
US8912243B2	United States of America	B2	2014-12-16
US2015038609A1	United States of America	A1	2015-02-05
US2015051303A1	United States of America	A1	2015-02-19
CA2663275C	Canada	C	2015-04-28
MX339798BThis record	Mexico	B	2016-06-10
US2017130022A1	United States of America	A1	2017-05-11
CA2704902C	Canada	C	2018-03-06

Abstract

Term

I KNOW

M

PATENT TITLE NO. 339798

REQUEST

PRIORITY

COMPOSITIONS, ADDITIVES AND COMPOUNDS FOR

PROCESSABLE IN MERGER, WHICH FORM ESPUN

RELATED REQUESTS

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

DELA INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

TMPT

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OE IA PROPERTY

IMPIOS

OR

INDUSTRIAL

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

IMPI

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

YES OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

J INSTITUTE

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

OF THE PROPERTY

IMPI

IMPI

INDUSTRIAL

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

INDUSTRIAL

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

IMPI

INSTITUTO .MEXICANO

PP

LOPE

HOPE

EVE

INDUSTRIAL

IMPI

IMPI

PH

IMPI

IMPI

PANOX FA C063 SSC

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

IMPI

IMPI

IMPI

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Priority claims11

Members35

Numbers

Titles

Classification