Method of operating a press with a bottom drive and press operated according to this method.

(54) Title: METHOD OF OPERATION OF A PRESS WITH A BACKGROUND ACTUATOR AND PRESS OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS METHOD.

(54) Title: METHOD OF OPERATING A PRESS WITH A BOTTOM DRIVE AND PRESS OPERATED ACCORDING TO THIS METHOD.

(57) Summary

In a press (1) having a bottom actuator, a plunger (1.1) executing a stroke - stroke - (h) and accommodating at least one upper part of the tool (1.2), rollers or tie rods (2.1 .2) acting on the piston (1.1) which in each case form a drive train (2.1.4) of a drive device (2) having a motor or servo motor (2.1.1), and a lower part of the tool (3.2) arranged on a substructure (3), in which the piston (1.1) with the upper part of the tool (1.2) acts on the workpiece (5) to be processed, the act of effective forces in a differentiated way and in a greater effective range if, by means of an open loop or loop control device and a closed loop or loop (4), the values ​​of the operating states in the press system (1) are recorded during the processing of the workpiece (5) and are evaluated according to the function (Formula (I)) to form data, and the movement of the plunger is used for x, so that the press (1); It can be operated under the control of the open or closed loop or loop according to a system of force necessary for the workpiece (5).

(57) Abstract

In a press (1) having a bottom drive, a plunger (1.1) executing a stroke (h) and accommodating at least one upper tool part (1.2), tie rods (2.1.2) acting on the plunger (1.1) which in each case form a drive train (2.1.4) of a drive device (2) having a motor or servomotor (2.1.1), and a lower tool part (3.2) arranged on a sub-structure (3), in which the plunger (1.1) with the upper tool part (1.2) acts on the workpiece (5) to be processed, the effective forces act in a differentiated manner and in a greater effective range if, by means of an open-loop and closed-loop control device (4), valúes from operating States in the system of the press (1) are recorded during the Processing of the workpiece (5) and are evaluated in accordance with the function (Formula (I)) to form data, and the movement of the plunger is used for x, so that the press (1) can be operated under open-loop or closed-loop control in accordance with a force system required for the workpiece (5).

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PATENT TITLE NO. 339642 yes.

Headlines):

Home:

Denomination:

Classification:

Inventor (s):

Institute

Mexican Property

Industrial

SCHULER PRESSEN GMBH

Bahnhofstr. 41, Góppingen, 73033, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

METHOD OF OPERATION OF A PRESS WITH A BACKGROUND ACTUATOR AND PRESS OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS METHOD. Int.CI.8: B30B1 / 28; B30B15 / 14

THOMAS SPIESSHOFER: CHRISTIAN KAPLER; GEBHARD ENGLER

Moorish number:

MX / a / 2013/002164

Country:

OF

OF

REQUEST

International presentation coot: August 23, 2011

PRIORITY

Date:

August 2010 August 19, 2011

Number:

2010 035 349.1 10 2011 052 860.1! ustriai.

Validity: Twenty years

Coot Due: August 23, 2031

The reference patent is granted based on articles 1, 2, section V, 6, section III, and 59 of the Property Law.

In accordance with article 23 of the Industrial Property Law, this patent has a validity of twenty non-expendable years, counted from the date of filing of the international application and will be subject to the payment of the fee to keep the rights in place. . ¿/ .8

Whoever subscribes to this title did so based on the provisions of articles 6 fractions III and 7 bis 2 of III Industrial Property Law (Official Gazette of the Federation (DOF) 06/27/1991, amended on 02 / 08/1994, 10/25/1996, 12/26/1997, 05/17/1999, 01/26/2004, 06/16/2005, 01/25/2006, 06/05/2009 / 06/01 / 2010, 06/18/2010, 06/28/2010, 01/27/2012 and 04/09/2012); Articles 1, 3, section V art, a), subsection iii), 4 and 12 fractions I and lll of the Regulations of the Itadeano Institute of Industrial Property (DOF (4/12/1999, amended on 07/07 / 2002, 15/57/2004, 07/28/2004 and 7/7/2007); articles 1 ·, 3 ·, 4 ·, 5 * fraction V subsection a), sub subsection II), 16 fraccifies ly lll and 3 &lt;f: of the Organic Statute of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, O &lt;to2Q04sy-13 / O8 / 2QG7); one*. 3 ° and 5 * subsection a) and antepenultimate paragraph of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Qoetarwg Deputy Generals, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Heads of Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).

Issue Date: June 2, 2016

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METHOD OF OPERATION OF A PRESS WITH A BACKGROUND ACTUATOR AND PRESS OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS METHOD

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method of operating a press with a bottom actuator. Furthermore, the invention relates to a press operated in accordance with said method, which consists of at least one drive device arranged in a substructure and attached to drive elements, with at least one motor or servo motor, of a pusher that performs a path and houses at least one upper part of the tool, several bars or connecting rods that act on the pusher for the transmission of the drive for the travel of the pusher, at least a lower part of the tool assigned to the pusher and to the respective upper part of the tool and arranged in the substructure, and a control and regulation device, being that the travel of the pusher is operated from one or from before an upper dead center to one or even after a lower deadlock.

In the sense of the invention, the press could be used to shape, compact as packaging and also to cut materials of all kinds and also as a transfer press or on press lines.

-2 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL MOMEDAD

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By combining the anfcel · iui technique, SfT skilled in the art can easily assemble a bottom drive or lower press like the previous one, although it is not disclosed with this complexity as an individual type in a published document.

The prior art generally discloses that the pusher is regularly driven through a combination of draw rods / connecting rods by a compact drive unit in a press substructure.

From the specialized literature it is known that the bottom drive presses are made rather as presses with a reduced nominal force and a high number of strokes and less as the so-called large presses.

It is also pointed out that the traction bars / connecting rods acting laterally on the pusher produce a greater bending stress and a correspondingly greater flexion of the pusher, but that instead the line of action is always located between the articulation points of the bars / traction rods, even in the case of forces that act on the pusher eccentrically.

Typically, the traction rods / connecting rods are also passed through supports, at least above the substructure, which are attached to a crossbar that is above the supports and forms the pusher, so that gets like that right

ΙΜΡΙ

<img file="MX339642B_D0005.tif" />

-3sense a press frame for the forces that arise and those to absorb.

For the person skilled in the art, it is applied to design the press in terms of the forces that arise according to the actions for the processing of the work pieces and also with the reactions to the press blows or bending, so that they are regularly select a support structure on that press frame.

The result of this technical overview seeks cost-effective solutions for realizing and operating bottom drive presses of this type, also large presses, without the disadvantages noted below in the individual examples, such as support structures.

Analysis of exemplary bottom drive press embodiments known as individual solutions yields the following:

AT 215 257: The protruding steering wheel requires a large space under the roof. The costly kinematics of the lever means that any shock absorption that is required is ineffective, which, if necessary, would only be offset by a high investment in material. The required transfer of the eccentric forces noted above is inefficient due to the smooth reaction lever kinematics. The relatively many moving machine elements only achieve small relative movements as for the travel of the pusher when they must

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transfer forces from

-4 high compression.

Chances of automatic triggering caused by the situation or process are limited, and an operating system for overload protection is missing.

DE 25 07 098: Due to the large construction elements, this press also requires a large space under the roof. The lever kinematics are disadvantageously arranged partly in the substructure and partly in the upper support structure, so that it becomes an essential, force-absorbing component of the press. The incorporation of this press in the configuration of transfer presses or modern press lines is not possible without ring roads such as the so-called block ring on track T.

DD 119 014: The construction height and expensive guides do not allow the incorporation in lines of said transfer presses. In the end, the eccentric forces described at the beginning cannot be transferred well.

Also, a stamping press in accordance with European Patent EP 2 008 799 Al is known with a bottom drive, in which the pusher is driven by traction columns with a drive mechanism arranged below the processing plane, with a crankshaft and connecting rod. With this, through a special transfer mechanism and a distribution of the forces of the pusher, it is sought to reduce the loads on the support and achieve high precision with stamping frequencies

5IMPI

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INSTITUT · MSXICANi.

ot ia wone · * · _ high. Regarding the requirements of 'lcíB *^,TObottom drive presses to be developed, in — esLe¹Disadvantageous case is that the adjustments due to the working process can only be modified by displacing the vertical position of the articulation point in the press structure. This solution cannot record or control in a larger area of ​​action the complex action forces in accordance with the processing requirements for the respective pusher workpiece. Furthermore, in this case, the distribution of the pusher forces due to the influence of the servomotor could only be carried out in a limited way in purely stamping presses.

Originally, the presses were powered by an electric motor and a flywheel that accumulated energy. In the meantime, an energy-efficient drive has become increasingly prevalent with the help of servo drives. Thus, for example, in European Patent EP 1 880 837 A2 a press installation with energy management of a servo drive is disclosed, which, on the one hand, has sufficient capacity for the absorption of additional energy, and on the other hand the other, there is sufficient energy at all times to comply with the respective press cycle.

In connection with a regulation and a convenient control of the movement of the pusher for presses operated by servoelectric form, by the German Patent DE

<img file="MX339642B_D0008.tif" />

-6ΙΜΡΙ

2008 040 263 Al finally knows the objective of achieving, through a simple structure, a reproducible process of the movement of the pusher with regulation of position and force. Eccentric forces must also be regulated. In principle, this is achieved when the theoretical torques for the servomotors for actuating the pusher are regulated according to the parameters by means of a position cam disk controlled by a virtual guide shaft and a force and moment limit controlled depending of the operating mode. The respective method and device would be applicable to presses with top and bottom or bottom actuation; however, this solution requires, for bottom drive presses, particularly expensive configurations in the bottom drive with construction space in the substructure limited thereto.

Furthermore, from European Patent EP 1 612 037 A, a servo motor control unit for a press is known, which has a press mold housing unit that moves back and forth on a previously determined path, and another Press mold housing unit driven by a servomotor, which works as a rubber stamp. Among other things, a switch is provided for the selection of the emission of the speed command of the position control processing part or the emission of the speed command of the pressure control processing part, and the

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-7 transfer the selected speed command to the speed control processing part. The switch has a feed means for adding a feed control amount, which is obtained based on a value differentiated from the position command of an effective speed command. In its drive, the advance means is characterized by the sum of the advance control amount when the output of the speed command is selected by the pressure control processing part as the effective speed command.

The person skilled in the art cannot draw from the foregoing any teaching to differentially actuate the force acting in accordance with the processing requirements for the respective pusher workpiece.

Another part of the European Patent EP 1 321 285 A discloses a press with a crankshaft, a motor that drives the crankshaft in reverse, a carriage (pusher) that moves up and down with the motor in rotation, a control device for the trolley moving up and down, and a corresponding control device for motor drive. The control device includes a position control system and a compression force control system. The position control system regulates the motor with the carriage moving down from an initial position to a pressure zone. The trolley control device forms,

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-8 in the pressure zone, the position control system with the compression force control system, and this produces the pressing according to the number of revolutions of the engine.

Also according to the above, the acting forces cannot act differently in accordance with the processing requirements for the respective pusher work piece.

Taking into account the previous reflections regarding that:

Bottom driven presses should be made as so-called large presses, the line of action of forces acting on the pusher eccentrically, is always located between the articulation points of the traction rods / connecting rods, in the driven presses bottom, the traction rods / connecting rods are also regularly carried on supports so that, in this way, it is formed, so to speak, a press frame for the forces arising and the forces to be absorbed, due to the fact that, in terms of the forces that arise after the actions for the processing of the work pieces and also from the reactions to the blows of the press or bending, a support structure is regularly selected in said press frame, the servo-electric drives must be carried out in the bottom drive, and

<img file="MX339642B_D0011.tif" />

-9The influences of complex action should not greatly affect the operation of the pusher, in the result of this technical summary, even with respect to the German Patent DE 10 2008 040 263 Al, profitable solutions should be sought to shape and operate presses of this Bottom drive type, also as large presses, without the disadvantages noted above in the individual examples, such as support structures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

OBJECTIVE:

<td>The</td><td>invention</td><td>arises</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">aim of</td>

<td>provide</td><td>a press</td><td>shaped</td><td>how</td><td>I know</td><td>describes</td>

<td>initially,</td><td colspan="3">with a bottom actuator, the</td><td>which</td><td>guarantee</td>

<td>regarding the</td><td>method one</td><td>evolution</td><td>optimal</td><td>of</td><td>strength and</td>

movement of the pusher and its travel by means of a control and regulation device, and in particular that perfects the method of operation, such that the forces that act in accordance with the processing requirements of the respective workpiece of the pusher, On the one hand, they act differently, but on the other, they also cover a greater area of ​​action.

For this it is not enough, as, for example, according to the German Patent DE 10 2005 040 263 Al, to influence the forces only with position and force regulation, nor to regulate the eccentric forces, but it is necessary to enlarge the of the acting forces

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IMPI. 10. MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OE THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL and indicate a method according to the operation or a function, with which the states and forces acting in a complex way in the system can be registered to a great extent and can be regulated better than before.

In the above, the press operated according to the method must also be able to be used profitably as a large press in press lines and justify a waiver of the usual support structures with joint crossbeam.

In the sense of construction, this objective is aimed at being able to build the press more compactly than conventional bottom-drive presses given the optimized power data.

SOLUTION:

According to the invention, said object is achieved with a method in accordance with the characteristics of claims 1 to 37, and with a press with a control and regulation device in accordance with the characteristics of claims 38 to 51.

The method starts from a press with a bottom drive, which presents:

at least one drive device arranged in a substructure and attached to drive elements, which forms a drive bar and includes at least one motor or servo motor, a pusher that travels from or before a top dead center to one

-11 IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

<img file="MX339642B_D0013.tif" />

until after a lower dead center, which houses at least an upper part of the tool, at least a drawbar acting on the pusher, also shaped with or as a draw rod, for the transmission of the drive for the travel of the pusher , at least a lower tool part assigned to the pusher and to the corresponding upper tool part, arranged in the substructure, being that the upper part of the tool acts on a workpiece to be processed that is on the lower part of the tool.

Therefore, as is usual for the person skilled in the art, the operation of the pusher can be either alternating or reversing from the top dead center to the bottom dead center and vice versa, or cyclical from and from before the top dead center to and after the bottom dead center.

According to the invention, according to the method, a control and regulation unit is used, which records state values ​​in the press system when processing the workpiece and processes them according to the function

L

F (x) = x · F₂, under the condition of L&gt; x

IMPI 63 ^ 5 .19. MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL - * through the drive device to obtain data for the movement of the pusher and, in this way, the press is permanently operated in a controlled or regulated manner according to a system of forces necessary for the workpiece, with a force influenced or modified in each case actively in its position and its dimension (magnitude). In the above they mean:

• F (x), a force controlled according to the function, • F₂, a local action force, • x, an area of ​​a variable action force, y

• L, a variable area of ​​acting forces.

To do this, at least values ​​such as data of an evolution of force and displacement and of at least one element of the actuation device, a modification of an operating value in the system of the press or of the workpiece are recorded and processed by process, which influence the travel of the pusher.

This function and the defined parameters allow to increase the variable area of ​​the acting forces in the surprising sense of the invention, as illustrated and explained in Figures 2a) and 2b) below in comparison with the forces acting according to the technique previous. To date, the conventional area of ​​the acting forces has not been analyzed in more detail, and no proposals or approaches have been found in the

<img file="MX339642B_D0014.tif" />

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

-13 Previous technique to intentionally enlarge the variable area of ​​the acting forces.

In a development of this solution principle, the values ​​are recorded and processed as data:

a) of an evolution of force and displacement of the pusher in accordance with the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) + ... +, and

b) based on at least one element of the actuation device, on a modification of the operating value in the press system or on a process of the workpiece to be processed, as influential conditions of the travel of the pusher according to the formula f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) + a (2) * eos (2 * x) + ... + b (l) * sin (l * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ...

With these functions both for the data of the evolution of the force and the displacement of the pusher as well as the other conditions that act on the travel of the same, the inventive conclusion is drawn on the approach to the problem of, on the one hand, letting act of differentiated forces acting in total according to the processing requirements for the respective pusher workpiece, but also, on the other hand, record a greater area of ​​action than to date.

In accordance with the invention, the aforementioned data is used as follows for the method:

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-14Recording of first data from values ​​of an evolution of the displacement or of a position from the travel of the pusher using at least one first means.

Recording of second data of at least one effective value of a force or of a value equivalent to a force in at least one of the actuating elements of the actuating device, by using at least one second means, being that these data include at least an effective value of the force in at least one of the drawbars or at least in one drawbar or at least one of the drawbars and at least in one drawbar, being that extensometric gauges or piezoelements can be used in the places to register a force.

Recording of third data of at least an effective value of at least one motor of the drive device by using at least a third means, being that this data may come from values ​​of a power register, of a torque, of a current, of a number of revolutions or of an angle of rotation of at least one drive element such as a motor or servo motor.

Recording of fourth data of at least one effective value of a power or an increase of power in the press system by using at least one-half room.

-15ΙΜΡΙ

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

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Evaluation and / or regulation of at least one of the values ​​of at least the first, second, third and / or fourth data to obtain fifth data through the use of at least a fifth half.

In accordance with the above, the control and regulation device is shaped within the meaning of the invention with the first to fifth means for carrying out the method.

Thus, with the method:

a) at least one group of data (in the sense of a file) can be recorded from the first to the fourth data and processed, evaluated or regulated to obtain fifth data,

b) through the fifth means, this data can be processed and compared or regulated with applicable data values ​​for the workpiece and transferred through the actuator and pusher to the top and bottom of the tool such as, so to speak, control signals, according to which

c) the forces acting on the upper and lower part of the tool are controlled or regulated with differentiation of place or variably according to the conditions of the workpiece to be processed and the forces are controlled for a greater area of ​​action.

With the method, the fifth processed data can be evaluated to trigger at least one

-16ΙΜΡ Ι

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PKOriiDAD

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of actions such as:

• modify values ​​to regulate or control for the operation of the press, • protection against overload, emergency operation or arrest of the press, and / or • the synchronous or asynchronous running of drive elements of the drive device (2) in at least a theoretical / effective comparison of at least one of the first to fourth recorded data and to be inserted or regulated and inserted as theoretical values ​​in the press operation through the use of the fifth media.

At least one value from the first to fourth recorded data and from the fifth evaluated data can also be used to influence the reactions of the compression force in the press system for shock absorption or in case of pusher flexions, for a modified distribution of force.

Thus, depending on, for example, the evolution of the conformation, the force can be actively modified in its location, position and magnitude, so that as a merged effect with the main function, even partial functions of a so called rubber stamping device. In this sense, the inventive principle is also suitable for lower drive presses using elements of a

INSTTTUTtMtXlCANO OF PROPERTY rubber stamping device, for which in the following the conformity functions are indicated (JUll id. IñVéhcion, but the constructive particularities of a rubber stamping device must be considered as known.

Data for overload protection, emergency operation or press stopping should advantageously be produced before reaching an adjusted value of at least one of the first to fourth recorded data and the fifth evaluated data of an action or reaction force.

The data of at least one of the first to fourth recorded values ​​and of the fifth evaluated values ​​are measured particularly conveniently as a gradient of an increasing dimension or of a position of at least one of the actuating elements, are evaluated and in case deviation from specifications, are re-established for the modified distribution for an action or reaction force.

In this way, the invention allows not only to measure and evaluate, according to the purpose, the data of at least one of the first to fourth recorded values ​​and fifth evaluated values, as a gradient of an increasing dimension or of a position of at least one of the drive elements, but even being able to specify them for a forward learning path of the pusher.

The method can be extended with the method characteristics indicated below, also optionally

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-18 combinable:

Advantageously, the press can operate in such a proportion of the travel of the pusher with respect to a length of the traction rod, that it follows the calculation according to a Fourier series.

Conveniently, the press should be operated from the drive device to the pusher by at least two drive bars.

Each drive bar is operated by its own motor or servo motor.

Each drive bar with motor or servomotor and drawbar is operated through the control and regulation device it joins.

The rubber stamping device is operated respecting a free space provided in the substructure. Advantageously, such a free space can also be used and shaped for the logistics of waste removal from the processing of the respective workpiece.

At least one drive bar may be mechanically or electrically operated or coupled or disengaged by a rotatable or translational action joint releasable in turns of the respective pusher path between at least one of the drive elements of the drive bar.

The mechanical coupling / decoupling is carried out in form drag or friction actuated or in

<img file="MX339642B_D0020.tif" />

-19IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF THE INDUSTRIAL FRORIFÁJAI drag of force.

The operation of the press in accordance with the calculation of a Fourier series can be performed as electrical coupling / decoupling with the servo motor, since the action connection includes at least one of the following drive characteristics:

a) a regulation of moment or position,

b) a control / regulation in the evolution of force and speed,

c) a force and moment free commutation,

d) an automatic press run,

e) an external balance, or

f) an influence of the force of gravity, and where in a moment-free mode of operation of the servomotor, the pusher can be moved and this mode of operation can be used for a safe operation availability of the press.

In accordance with the requirements of a practical operation, in order to achieve mechanical engagement or compensatory movements of the pusher during at least a partial displacement of the downward stroke, at least one drive bar basically operates in disengaged form. During at least a partial displacement of the upward stroke, the drive bar can be operated in disengaged form.

Depending on at least one of the values ​​or gradients of the shaping forces to be transmitted,

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-20 the speed or of the displacement or of one of the positions of the working stages of the shaping, of the actuating elements or of the positions of the pusher, the action connection is closed or released or influenced according to strength or position.

The method would also be complemented by doing that:

a) a pusher speed moving downward from or before one or after a top dead center decreases immediately before the pusher is attached to the top of the tool with the bottom of the tool to reduce a typical load impact, and

b) after the upper part of the pusher tool is found, the pusher moves controlled or regulated to the bottom dead center, descending and then ascending.

Also, the method can make

a) the pusher moves downward by its own force of gravity from before or from its top dead center until shortly before encountering an element of the rubber stamping device,

b) in the above, in order to reduce the hitting of the pusher against the element of the rubber stamping device, the pusher is braked by means of an engine generating operation,

c) then an element with controlled speed moves down the rubber stamping device and the

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-21 workpiece conforms, and

d) afterwards, the pusher moves to the top dead center or to the final top position.

Furthermore, in accordance with the method,

a) the pusher moves down in regulated actuation from its top dead center,

b) being able to establish all the necessary values ​​or gradients of a speed when an element of the rubber stamping device is found, and a forming speed, and

c) after shaping the workpiece, the pusher moves to the top dead center or top end position.

After shaping the workpiece, the pusher can be moved to top dead center or top end position with application of supporting force.

The method is especially shaped because, in the event of asymmetric forces arising in the rubber stamping device, independent force applications occur through the separately operated drive bars, which serve to ensure a guide that produces the original movement of the pusher as well as the parallel movement of the upper part of the tool to the lower part of the tool, being that said force applications avoid both an oblique position of the pusher as well as different meeting blows from it.

<img file="MX339642B_D0023.tif" />

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-22 We have found that the asymmetric forces of the pusher can also be used advantageously and generated when the pusher collides in parallel on, for example, the rubber stamping device or, in the absence of a stamping device. rubber, the pusher moves with the top of the tool parallel against the bottom of the tool. In accordance with the above, the two actuation bars move with different paths in the direction of the lower dead center, but without reaching it. Then a reverse movement occurs (reversal of the direction of movement of the drive) and an upward displacement of the pusher.

As an alternative to the above, even one drive bar can go through the bottom dead center and be brought back to the top dead center without reverse, while the other drive bar, with reverse, returns to the top dead center again before reaching the dead center lower. The respective position of the corresponding drive bar or, for example, an eccentric element of the drive device, considering the rigidity of the machine (Hooke's Law), is decisive for generating the force that actually acts. Due to the subsequent heterogeneous movement (angle of rotation), a different compression force is generated through the rigidity of the machine spring, that is, asymmetric action.

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-23 The control and regulation device used allows for the operation of the press to record, evaluate and insert / regulate at least one of the values ​​or parameters for at least one of the dimensions or gradients:

of forming forces, counter forces or a speed to be transmitted, or of one of the positions of the forming work stages, of the actuating elements or of the positions of the pusher.

The method of operating the press is refined by using a program with at least one of the following program functions:

a) processing of the first to fifth data

L according to the function F (x) = x · F₂, under the condition L of L&gt; x&gt; 2, so that the press can be permanently operated in accordance with a system of forces necessary for the workpiece according to the conditions of the workpiece to be processed,

b) processing of the first to fifth data according to an evolution of force and displacement of the pusher in accordance with the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) +. .. + and under the conditions defined at the start of the stroke (h) of the pusher (1.1) according to the formula a (0) 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) + a (2) * cos ( 2 * x) + ... + b (l) * sin (l * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ..

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<img file="MX339642B_D0025.tif" />

-24c) processing of the first to fourth recorded data and the fifth data evaluated as control and regulation specifications for the actuation device and the movement of the pusher, so that the forces to be transmitted through the upper and lower parts of tool can act with differentiation of place, but in a great width on the workpiece,

d) activation of commands to trigger actions • to modify values ​​to be regulated or controlled for the operation of the press, • for protection against overload, emergency operation or stopping the press, or • the synchronous or asynchronous running of the actuating elements of the actuating device, and

the activation of commands to influence the reactions to the compression force in the press system for a damping of the blow or the distribution of forces in pusher flexions,

e) specification of an operating algorithm for handling the press in accordance with the mandatory and optionally possible work evolutions of the press in accordance with the relevant characteristics of the invention,

f) visual preparation of relevant information for the press on a screen of the operation algorithm,

-25ΙΜΡΙ

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

<img file="MX339642B_D0026.tif" />

especially on work sequences, operating situation and necessary interventions.

For this purpose, interfaces are provided for at least one of these program functions for the respective classification in the program operation of both a transfer press or press lines as well as their peripheral functions, preferably the program operation for the functions. of a rubber stamping device and / or a transfer device.

Apart from conventional embodiments, the bottom drive press for carrying out the method has:

• at least one drive device arranged in a substructure, whose drive elements form with at least one motor or servomotor and at least one drawbar, one drive bar to at least one pusher that travels and houses a lower part of tool.

• at least one pusher that travels and accommodates at least one upper part of the tool, • several traction rods or connecting rods or traction rods and connecting rods that act on the pusher for transmission of the drive for travel of the pusher, and • at least one lower part of the tool assigned to the pusher and to the corresponding one

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0027.tif" />

-26 upper part of the tool, arranged in the substructure, as well as • the control and regulation device that in accordance with the invention registers or regulates data on the states of the operating behavior of the press and that controls or regulates or regulates and controls the drive device and pusher movement.

This control and regulation device includes at least:

a) a first means for recording first data of an evolution of displacement as well as a position of the travel of the pusher,

b) a second means for recording second data of a force on at least one drawbar or drawbar or drawbar, and

c) a third means for recording third data of values ​​of a power record, of a torque, of a current, of a number of revolutions or of an angle of rotation of at least one actuating element (2.1) , preferably an engine,

d) a fourth means for recording fourth data of at least one effective value of a power or power increase in the press system or the combination of several of these means, and

e) a fifth means for evaluating fifth data to trigger at least one of the actions:

• modify values ​​to regulate or control

-27ΙΜΡΙ

MEXICANC INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

<img file="MX339642B_D0028.tif" />

_, «_ InvuJininb —ι · ι for the operation of the press, • overload protection, emergency operation or stop of the press, or • the synchronous or asynchronous running of drive elements of the drive device.

The press can operate efficiently by combining at least one of the first to fourth means for recording at least one data set (in the sense of a file) of the first to fourth data with the fifth means for evaluating the fifth data to influence the reactions to the compression force in the press system for a shock absorption or for the distribution of forces in the pusher flexions, in accordance with the requirements largely in accordance with practice.

As a whole, therefore, the press is made in such a way that the pusher receives differentiated action forces by means of at least one acting pull rod or connecting rod or a pull rod and connecting rod, due to the action of the fifth means of the control and regulation device.

Likewise, the press can conform to the following combinable characteristics:

At least two actuation bars are arranged from the actuation device to the pusher.

Each drive bar is connected to at least its own motor or servo motor.

IMPI

M EXICANO INSTITUTE r ^ ·

OF THE 'O' PROPERTY «INDUSTRIAL

Each drive bar with motor or servo motor

<img file="MX339642B_D0029.tif" />

and drawbar is attached to the control and regulation device.

In the substructure there is a free space that can be used as a junk compartment or for a rubber stamping device.

At least one actuation bar has a releasable rotary or translational electrical action connection, which in turns of the respective pusher path can be formed in a coupling or decoupling way.

The mechanical action joint is carried out in form drag or driven by friction or force drag.

The electric action connection includes the servomotor, which can operate according to a Fourier series as electrical coupling / decoupling, being that said action connection includes at least one of the following drive characteristics:

a) a regulation of moment or position,

b) a control / regulation in the evolution of force and speed,

c) a force-moment free commutation, an automatic press run, an external balance, or an influence of the force of gravity.

d)

and)

F)

As disclosed according to the method, in a moment-free mode of operation of the servomotor, the

-29ΙΜΡΙ &lt;^

OE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

<img file="MX339642B_D0030.tif" />

Pusher can be moved and this mode of operation can be used for safe press availability.

At least one drive bar may be engageably or decoupledly shaped for at least a partial travel displacement, to achieve mechanical engagement or compensatory push movements.

The invention is illustrated in an exemplary embodiment based on drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings show:

FIG. 1 shows the simplified representation of the bottom-drive press 1 and the schematic principle of the operation according to the invention by means of the control and regulation device 4.

Figure 2, a) a graphical reproduction of the operating principle according to the invention, and b) a schematic graph of the areas of acting forces according to the invention compared to the prior art so far.

Figure 3, a graphic reproduction of the pusher curve in the variant of its movement after the upper dead point, by means of the own gravity force using a rubber stamp device not shown in detail, and

Figure 4, a graphical reproduction of the curve

-30ΙΜΡΙ

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

<img file="MX339642B_D0031.tif" />

of the pusher in the variant of its drive 'regulated after top dead center, using a rubber stamping device not shown in detail.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows as an example a press 1 with a drive device 2 arranged in a substructure 3 and attached to drive elements 2.1,

2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3. A pusher 1.1 that travels h between an upper dead center OT and a lower dead center UT has a tool upper part 1.2. Two pairs of drawbars 2.1.2 and drawbar 2.1.3 act in this example on the pusher 1.1 for transmission of the drive for travel h thereof. The pusher 1.1 with the upper part of the tool 1.2 corresponds to a lower part of the tool 3.2 arranged in the substructure 3, the upper part of the tool 1.2 acting on a workpiece 5 which is located in the lower tool part 3.2 for its conformation. Said drive elements 2.1 have two motors or servo motors 2.1.1 and drawbars 2.1.2 with respectively a drawbar 2.1.3, which respectively form a drive bar 2.1.4.

In this example, the bottom of the tool

3.2 is arranged on a table 3.1 that is part of substructure 3.

A control and regulation device 4

ΙΜΡΙ ιτβτιτυτο MEXICAN responsible for the operation of the press 1 includes¹?™*¹one. first means 4.1 for pl Tg.gi first data 4.1.1 of a displacement evolution as well as a position of the travel h of the pusher 1.1,

2. average seconds 4.2 for the recording of second data 4.2.1 of forces on the drawbars

2.1.2 or the 2.1.3 connecting rods,

3. third means 4.3 for recording third-party data 4.3.1 of values ​​of a power register, a torque, a current, a number of revolutions or an angle of rotation of at least one drive element 2.1, in this case a motor current,

Four. fourth means 4.4 for recording fourth data 4.4.1 of an effective value of a power or a power increase in the press system 1, and

5. a fifth half 4.5 for the evaluation of fifth data 4.5.1 for the triggering of actions:

• to modify values ​​to be regulated or controlled for the operation of the press 1, • for the overload protection, the emergency operation or the stopping of the press 1, and • for the synchronous or asynchronous operation of drive elements 2.1, 2.1 .1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of the drive device 2.

Press 1 loaded with pusher 1.1 supplies through drawbars 2.1.2 and connecting rods

<img file="MX339642B_D0032.tif" />

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0033.tif" />

-32 tensile 2.1.3 that act and as a result of the action of the fifth means 4.5 of the control and regulation device 4, differentiated action forces on the workpiece 5 to be formed between the upper part 1.2 and the lower part 3.2 of tool, as shown schematically in Figure 2, images a) and b).

For this, state values ​​are recorded in the press system 1 in the processing of the workpiece 5 and, according to Figure 2a), the data processed in accordance with the function

F (x)

F₂, under the condition that they are fed to the driving device 2 for the movement of the pusher, so that the press 1 is permanently operated in accordance with a system of forces necessary for the workpiece 5.

On the curve according to Figure 2a), with Fi and F₂ Forces acting on area L with local control are shown as F (x) = x · F₂, under the condition of L

L&gt; x&gt; 2, where F_max the maximum acting force and x, the area of ​​a force according to the invention of differentiated or varied action.

This effect according to the invention is schematically compared in Figure 2b) by the forces L_AND acting on the enlarged area in the part

<img file="MX339642B_D0034.tif" />

-33IMPI ~ upper tool 1.2, with an area L_or so far covered, that is, without the function according to the invention, according to the prior art.

Figure 2b) thus illustrates as a whole the effect according to the invention of the forces F_x and F₂ in an area L_AND &gt; L_or, compared to Fi forces_L0 and F₂what they acted so far.

The method allows you to record and process the values ​​as data:

a) of an evolution of force and displacement of the pusher 1.1 in accordance with the function f (x) a (0) / 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) + ... +, and

b) under the conditions of the travel h of the pusher 1.1, according to the formula a (0) / 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) + a (2) * cos (2 * x) + .. . + b (l) * sin (l * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ...

In Figure 1, the method can be followed schematically or constructively.

Firstly, the first means 4.1 record first data 4.1.1 from values ​​of the evolution of the displacement or of a position of the travel h of the pusher 1.1.

Subsequently, the second means 4.2 record second data 4.2.1 from the recording of effective values ​​of respectively a force or a value equivalent to a force on the drive elements

2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of drive device 2,

<img file="MX339642B_D0035.tif" />

being that the second data 4.2.1 are advantageously obtained from the recording of effective force values ​​on the drawbars 2.1.2 and in the places to be registered of a force, strain gauges or conventional piezoelements are applied.

In the other process, the third means 4.3 register third data 4.3.1 of effective values ​​of the current of the motors or servomotors 2.1.1 of the drive device 2.

Finally, the fourth quarters 4.4 record fourth data from the recording of effective values ​​of power increases in the press system 1.

This data is processed by the fifth means 4.5 to obtain fifth data 4.5.1 and now, inserted as it were as control signals into the applicable data values ​​for workpiece 5, they are transmitted through the drive device 2 and of the pusher

1.1, to the upper part of tool 1.2 and the lower part of tool 3.2 for the shaping of the workpiece 5.

In this way, the forces acting on the upper part 1.2 and the lower part 3.2 of the tool, according to the conditions of the workpiece 5 to be processed, are inserted into it in a locally differentiated or variable way and in an optimally area enlarged L_and, as shown in Figure 2b).

Taken together, the fifth data 4.5.1 are evaluated

-35 MEXICAN INSTITUTE r ^ í «g¿í OE THE PROPERTY for the triggering of industrial actions • modify values ​​to be regulated— © —- e-helper for press operation 1, • overload protection, emergency operation or arrest of the press, or • synchronous or asynchronous running of drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of drive device 2, in a theoretical / effective comparison of the first to fourth recorded data 4.1.1, 4.2. 1, 4.3.1,

4.4.1 and are inserted or regulated and inserted as theoretical values ​​by using the fifth means (4.5).

The fifth evaluated data is also used to influence the reactions to the compression force in the press 1 system for shock absorption or in the bending of the pusher 1.1 for the modified force distribution.

Depending on the evolution of the conformation, the force can be actively modified in its location, position and magnitude, so that as a merged effect with the main function even partial functions of a rubber stamp device not shown can be actively taken or supported .

Data for overload protection, emergency operation or press stop 1 are produced before reaching an adjusted value of the first to fourth recorded data 4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.3.1, 4.4.1 and

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0036.tif" />

-36 five data evaluated 4.5.1 of the necessary action or reaction force and are measured and evaluated as a gradient of an increasing force in one of the drive elements 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 and, in case deviations from the theoretical specifications are indicated for the modified distribution for an action or reaction force, especially for a proactive learning path h of the pusher 1.1.

According to the method, the press 1 operates with such a ratio of the travel h of the pusher 1.1 with respect to a length of the pull rod 2.1.3, which is equivalent to a calculation of the Fourier series.

In this preferred embodiment:

the press 1 is operated by the drive device 2 towards the pusher 1.1 through two drive bars 2.1.4, each drive bar 2.1.4, by its own motor or servo motor 2.1, each drive bar with motor or servo motor 1.1 and drawbars 2.1.2, through the control and regulation device 4 that joins, the rubber stamp device not shown, complying with a clearance 3.3 provided in substructure 3, each drive bar 2.1.4, electrically or mechanically coupled or decoupled by means of respectively a rotary action 2.2 joint or

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0037.tif" />

-37 detachable translation between the drive bar 2.1.4 in turns of the respective travel h of the pusher 1.1.

In a variant, the drive bar 2.1.4 with the servomotor 2.1.1 can be electrically coupled or disengaged, thus including the action link 2.2 at least one of the following drive characteristics:

d) a regulation of moment or position,

e) a control / regulation in the evolution of force and speed,

f) a free commutation of force and moment,

g) an automatic start of the press 1,

h) an external balance, or

i) an influence of the force of gravity.

In a moment free mode of operation of servo motor 2.1.1, pusher 1.1 can be moved and this mode of operation can be used for the availability of safe operation of press 1.

This means that the drive bars 2.1.4 are consciously operated with servo motors 2.1.1 and in the moment and position regulation operating modes. In this way the press 1 can be influenced in the evolution of force and speed, or controlled and regulated. As an additional (more unusual) mode, such a servo drive can also be switched free of force and moment. Thus press 1 depends on itself, so to speak. Depending on the use of components

-38IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

<img file="MX339642B_D0038.tif" />

Complementary, such as an external balance or also influences on the force of gravity, in the moment-free mode of operation of the servomotors in any way a movement of the pusher will take place, namely, as shown in Figures 3 and 4 still to describe. Overall, this mode of operation is advantageous even when unpredictable events occur, for example, a power supply failure, since then, as an emergency strategy, the drives are switched to the moment free state and thus Press 1 is brought to a safe operating state.

In another variant, the action link 2.2 of the drive bar 2.1.4 can be closed and released as a mechanical coupling in form drag or friction actuated or force drag or alternately.

To achieve mechanical engagement or compensatory movements of the pusher 1.1 during at least a partial displacement of the downward travel h, the drive bars 2.1.4 engage and for at least a partial displacement of the upward travel h, the drive bars 2.1.4 are decoupled.

Depending on at least one of the values ​​or gradients of the shaping forces to be transmitted, the speed or displacement or one of the positions of the shaping work steps, the drive elements 2.1 or the positions of the pusher 1.1, action joints 2.2 are closed or ₃₉ ΙΜΡΙ 'MEXICAN INSTITUTE

INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY released or influenced according to strength or position.

A speed of pusher 1.1 moving downward from or in front of an upper dead center OT decreases just before pusher 1.1, attached to the upper part of tool 1.2, reaches the lower part of tool 3.2, in order to to reduce an impact load, and after the arrival of the upper part of tool 1.2, the pusher 1.1 moves downwards and then upwards in a controlled or regulated manner to the lower dead center UT.

Figure 3 graphically shows how in one variant the pusher 1.1 is moved downward by its own gravity force from before or from its top dead center OT until shortly before it reaches, for example, an element of the stamping device. rubber, being that in this, to reduce the impact force of the pusher 1.1 on the not shown element of the rubber stamping device, such as, for example, a conventional clamping or a conventional clamp, said pusher is braked by a generating operation of the motor 2.1 (Figure 1), then, with controlled speed, the element of the rubber stamping device moves downwards and the workpiece 5 (Figure 1) is formed and then the pusher 1.1 is moved to top dead center or to top end position OT.

Figure 4 graphically shows how the

<img file="MX339642B_D0039.tif" />

- «, - IMPIé ^ *:

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

FROM PROPERTY 'O' awwett ^ 'pusher 1.1 moves down in drive ©^JSWgurSt € from its top dead center OT, could asf abloooroa - all the necessary values ​​or gradients of a velocity on reaching the element of the rubber stamping device (as illustrated above) and of a shaping velocity, and how after Forming the workpiece 5, the pusher 1.1 moves to the top dead center or to the top end position OT.

After the workpiece 5 is formed, the pusher 1.1 is moved to the top dead center OT or to the top end position with the application of supporting force.

If asymmetric action forces are generated, for example, in the rubber stamping device, independent force applications occur in the pusher 1.1 through the separately operated drive bars 2.1.4, which ensure a management that produces the original movement of the pusher 1.1, that is, the desired movement as well as a parallel movement of the upper part of the tool 1.2 towards the lower part of the tool 3.2. Said force applications avoid both an oblique position of the pusher 1.1 as well as a different arrival impact from it.

On the other hand, the exemplary embodiment also makes it possible to advantageously use the asymmetric action forces of the pusher 1.1 and, in this way, to generate in a controlled manner since the pusher 1.1 makes contact with

<img file="MX339642B_D0040.tif" />

-41 IMPI parallel with the stamping device / cT well, in case this dieputiLi vu does not exist, t! T pusher moves parallel to the lower tool, being on top of it. To do this, the two drive bars 2.1.4 move with different displacements in the direction of the lower dead center UT, although without reaching it. Then a reverse movement is performed (reversal of the direction of rotation of the drive) and the upward movement of the pusher 1.1.

Alternatively, one drive bar 2.1.4 can even travel through the bottom dead center UT and return to the top dead center OT, while the other drive bar 2.1.4, before reaching the bottom dead center UT, returns to move to top dead center with a reverse motion.

The generation of the force that effectively acts is derived from the respective position of the corresponding drive bar 2.1.4 or, for example, from an eccentric element of the drive device 2, considering the rigidity of the press (Hooke's Law).

From the above disclosure, press 1 can be done as follows:

Basically, in the case of asymmetric action forces, the pusher 1.1 initially moves parallel from the top dead center OT in the direction of the bottom dead center UT and, once the top of the tool 1.2 reaches the bottom 3.2 , continues in

-42IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

<img file="MX339642B_D0041.tif" />

an uneven motion resulting from the two ^INCbaⁱa * tas * Mfe · drive 2.1.4. The top .y. Bottom 3.2 of tool can now be closed in parallel. Given the uneven subsequent movement, by means of the stiffness of the press spring 1, forces of asymmetric as well as uneven action can be generated.

According to a variant, the pusher 1.1 and the drive bars 2.1.4, before reaching the bottom dead center UT and when reaching the forces of action both asymmetric and uneven in reverse operation (reversal of the direction of rotation of the actuation device), they can be moved in the direction of the top dead center (OT), being that the upper part of the tool 1.2 can be moved away from the lower part of the tool (3.2).

According to another variant, the press 1 can also be operated in such a way that the greater force acting respectively on a drive bar 2.1.4 is used as a guide value and said drive bar 2.1.4 can then move, without operation in reverse, through the lower dead center UT and then to the upper dead center OT. The other drive bar 2.1.4 with the lower actuating force is configured to stop before the bottom dead center UT, reverse and move in reverse. Together with the mentioned first drive bar 2.1.4, the pusher 1.1 then moves again to the top dead center OT together with the top of

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0042.tif" />

-43 tool 1.2 in a movement parallel to the bottom of tool 3.2. '

For the method described in the example of embodiment for the operation of the press, a program integrable to the control and regulation device 4 is used, in which the program functions are provided:

a) processing of the first to fifth L data in accordance with the function F (x) = x · F₂, under the

I condition of L&gt; x&gt; 2, so that the press (1) can be permanently operated in a regulated and controlled manner in accordance with a system of forces necessary for the workpiece 5 according to the conditions of the workpiece 5 to process,

b) processing of the first to fifth data according to an evolution of force and displacement of the pusher (1.1) in accordance with the function f (x) = a (0) / 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x ) + ... + and under the conditions of the travel (h) of the pusher (1.1) according to the formula a (0) 2 + a (l) * cos (l * x) + a (2) * cos ( 2 * x) + ... + b (l) * sin (l * x) + b (2) * sin (2 * x) + ...,

c) processing of the first to fourth recorded data and the fifth data evaluated as control and regulation specifications for the actuation device 2 and the movement of the pusher 1.1, so that the forces to be transmitted through the upper part

1.2 and bottom 3.2 of tool can operate with

-44differentiation of place on the piece of

d) command activation

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PRORITY work 5,

<img file="MX339642B_D0043.tif" />

to trigger actions • to modify values ​​to be regulated or controlled for the operation of the press 1, • for the protection against overload, the emergency operation or the stopping of the press 1, and • for the synchronous or asynchronous running of the elements of drive 2.1, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3 of drive device 2, and the activation of commands to influence the reactions to the compression force in the system of the press 1 for a damping of the blow or the distribution of forces in flexions of the pusher 1.1,

e) an operating algorithm for handling the press in accordance with the necessary and possible work evolutions of the press 1, and

f) presentation of relevant information for the press on a screen of the operation algorithm, especially on work sequences, operation situations and necessary interventions with the interfaces for said program functions for the respective classification in the operation of the program both in a transfer press or press line as well as peripheral functions such as program operation of a rubber stamp or transfer device.

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0044.tif" />

-45 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The bottom-drive press which, in accordance with the method, operates by means of a control and regulation device, with an optimized evolution of force and displacement of the pusher and its travel, guarantees thanks to the forces that are used and act with greater efficiency, an operation with energy saving with the user and in turn creates the conditions to be able to build the press, given the optimized power data, more compactly compared to conventional bottom drive presses.

Reference list = Press = Pusher

1.2 = Top of tool

2.1

2.1.1

2.1.2

2.1.3

2.1.4

2.2 = Drive device = Drive element = Motor or servomotor = Drawbar = Drawbar = Drive bar = Translational or rotary action joint = Substructure

3.1 = Table

3.2 = Bottom of tool

IMPI ^ x

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

3.3 = Free space = Control and regulation device

4.1 = First means of recording first data

4.1.1 = First data of an evolution of displacement as well as of a position of the travel h of the pusher (1.1)

4.2 = Second means for recording second data

4.2.1 = Second data of a force on at least one drawbar 2.1.2 or pull rod

2.1.3

4.3 = Third means for the registration of third data

4.3.1 = Third data of values ​​of a power record, a torque, a number of revolutions, a current or an angle of rotation of at least one drive element

2.1 as a motor 2.1.1

4.4 = Average rooms for recording fourth data

4.4.1 = Fourth data of at least one effective value of a power or of a power increase in the press system 1

4.5 = Fifth means for the evaluation, regulation and control of fifth data

4.5.1 = Fifth data for triggering at least one of the actions and reactions = Workpiece

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0045.tif" />

-47h

F (x)

F_x

Edge f₂

F₂the

Fmax

X

Lg

The

OT

UT = Route, learning route. —— = Controlled force according to the function according to the invention = Local action force according to the invention = Force acting according to the prior art = Local action force according to the invention = Force acting according to the prior art = Maximum force according to the invention = Area of ​​a variable action force according to the invention = Variable area of ​​forces acting according to the invention (L_AND &gt; L_or) = Fixed area of ​​forces acting in accordance with the prior art = Upper dead center = Lower dead center

IMPI

<img file="MX339642B_D0046.tif" />