MX337692B

Methods of making absorbent members having density profile.

Abstract

Se describen miembros absorbentes y métodos de fabricación de estos. En una modalidad, el miembro absorbente es una trama fibrosa absorbente unitaria que tiene un perfil de densidad en todo su grosor. En una modalidad, el perfil de densidad está relativamente centrado en todo el grosor de la trama y la densidad máxima de la trama se encuentra entre aproximadamente 35 % y aproximadamente 65 % de la distancia en todo el grosor de la trama. En una modalidad, el método incluye someter una trama precursora a al menos un ciclo (o pasada) a través de un proceso de deformación mecánica. Típicamente, el método incluye someter la trama precursora a ciclos múltiples (o pasadas) a través de un proceso de deformación mecánica.

MX337692B, drawing sheet 1 — Sheet 1 of 102

Term

5.6 yearsleft in the term

Expires 25 April 2032.

39 claims: 4 independent, 35 dependent

1
REIVINDICACIONES IΚ57Ί TUTO MEX ¡CA NO ΠΡ I A P ROI .EDAD 1. Un método para fabricar un miembro absorbente que tiene un grosor; el método comprende:5 a) proporcionar un material de trama precursora, el material de trama precursora comprende una estructura fibrosa celulósica tendida en húmedo, el material de trama precursora tiene una primera superficie, una segunda superficie y un grosor;b) proporcionar un par de miembros formadores que tienen una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal 10 de la máquina, los miembros formadores comprenden: un primer elemento formador que tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de primeros elementos formadores, caracterizado porque los primeros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;y 15 un segundo elemento formador que tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de segundos elementos formadores, en donde los segundos elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos;c) proporcionar un tercer miembro formador que tiene una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal 20 de la máquina, el tercer miembro formador tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de terceros elementos formadores, en donde los terceros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;d) impactar mecánicamente el material de trama precursora al colocar el 25 material de trama precursora entre el primero y el segundo miembros formadores, en donde del material de trama precursora al menos parte del trayecto en el grosor del material de trama precursora, y los elementos formadores en el segundo elemento formador penetran en la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora al menos parte del trayecto en el 5 grosor del material de trama precursora;y e) repetir una etapa de ¡mpactar mecánicamente la trama precursora, ¡mpactando mecánicamente el material de trama precursora colocando el material de trama precursora entre el tercer miembro formador y ya sea el primer miembro formador, el segundo miembro formador u otro miembro formador, en donde los 10 elementos formadores en el tercer miembro formador penetran en la primera o la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora, al menos parte del trayecto en el grosor del material de trama precursora, en donde el único material que es ¡mpactado mecánicamente en las etapas d) y e) consiste de material fibroso celulósico tendido en húmedo, 15. en donde el miembro absorbente se proporciona con un perfil de densidad a través de al menos una porción de su grosor, y en donde la primera y la segunda superficies del material de trama precursora comprenden la primera y la segunda superficies respectivamente, del miembro absorbente, y la primera y la segunda superficies del miembro absorbente son 20 prácticamente planas y no sustancialmente en relieve.
2
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora se selecciona del grupo que consiste en:tela seca, cartón de revestimiento, cartón, material posconsumo reciclado, papel de filtro, y combinaciones de éstos. 25
3
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado IMPI además porque el material de trama precursora consiste en tela INDUSTRIAL
4
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora tiene una densidad inicial antes de ¡mpactar mecánicamente el mismo, y el miembro absorbente formado por el método tiene una densidad máxima promedio, y la densidad máxima promedio del miembro absorbente es menor a la densidad Inicial de la trama precursora.
5
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora tiene una resistencia al desgarro de menos de 1,000 kPa.
6
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora se trata con agentes de descomposición química.
7
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el par de miembros formadores definen una distancia, que es la distancia más corta entre los elementos formadores en un miembro formador y los elementos formadores en el miembro formador opuesto, y la distancia entre los elementos formadores es menor que el grosor de la trama precursora.
8
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el par de miembros formadores definen una profundidad de acoplamiento, y la relación del grosor de la trama precursora al valor absoluto de la profundidad de acoplamiento es mayor que 1.
9
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque los miembros formadores comprenden rodillos contrarrotatorlos que definen una línea de agarre entre ellos.
10
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado IMP INSTITUTO M€XIC?»NO v . ademas porque los rodillos contrarrotatorios rotan prácticamente’ á.^í'thl^Tií-vSSacJdad de superficie.
11
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque los rodillos contrarrotatorios rotan a diferentes velocidades de superficie, y la diferencia de velocidad de superficie entre los rodillos es mayor que 0.3 %.
12
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque el primer miembro formador comprende un segundo rodillo, y al menos el primer rodillo comprende una pluralidad de ondulaciones alternantes en forma de distintas crestas y ranuras en su superficie, en donde las crestas tienen aberturas en las mismas para proporcionar elementos en la forma de dientes.
13
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 12, caracterizado además porque los dientes tienen un radio de punta que es menor que 0.5 mm (0.02 pulgadas).
14
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos uno del primero y el segundo miembros formadores tiene al menos una región relativamente lisa sobre su superficie.
15
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque comprende insertar el material de trama a través de múltiples líneas de agarre, en donde las múltiples líneas de agarre se forman mediante múltiples rodillos que se disponen en una configuración en pares.
16
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque comprende insertar el material de trama a través de múltiples líneas de agarre, en donde las múltiples líneas de agarre se forman mediante múltiples rodillos que se disponen en una configuración anidada en la cual hay al menos cuatro rodillos y al menos dos de los rodillos definen dos o más líneas de agarre con los otros rodillos. 98 IMPIOS instituto mexicano ' D£ LA PROPIEDAD INDUSTRIAL
17
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque comprende insertar el material de trama a través de múltiples líneas de agarre, en donde las múltiples líneas de agarre se forman mediante múltiples rodillos que se disponen en una combinación de configuraciones anidadas y en pares, en donde en la configuración anidada hay al menos cuatro rodillos y al menos dos de los rodillos definen dos o más líneas de agarre con los otros rodillos.
18
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque los elementos formadores en los miembros formadores penetran solamente parte del trayecto a través del grosor del material de trama precursora.
19
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque los elementos formadores en al menos uno de los miembros formadores penetran completamente a través del grosor del material de trama precursora.
20
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque comprende una etapa de suministrar el miembro absorbente dentro de un molino de martillos.
21
Un método para fabricar un artículo absorbente en una línea de fabricación de artículos absorbentes, caracterizado porque el método de la reivindicación 1 se lleva acabo en la línea de fabricación de artículos absorbentes.
22
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque la línea de agarre comprende una primera línea de agarre, y el método comprende además, una etapa posterior de pasar el material de trama a través de al menos una línea de agarre adicional entre dos rodillos adicionales después que el material de trama se inserta a través de la primera línea de agarre, los rodillos adicionales tienen superficies que forman la línea de agarre adicional, en donde al menos las regiones de las superficies de al menos uno de los rodillos adicionales, son relativamente INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROPIEDAD V INDUSTRIAL --- 1 ‘* INDUSTRIAL más lisas en al menos una porción de la línea de agarre adicional, en comparación con las superficies de los rodillos en la primera línea de agarre, en donde la línea de agarre adicional compacta al menos una porción del material de trama precursora
23
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque los primeros elementos formadores tienen una separación entre ellos y los segundos elementos formadores tienen una separación entre ellos, el método comprende, además, una etapa previa y/o posterior de pasar el material de trama a través de al menos una línea de agarre adicional entre dos rodillos adicionales, los rodillos adicionales tienen elementos formadores sobre ellos que tienen una separación entre ellos que es mayor que la separación entre los primeros elementos formadores y los segundos elementos formadores, los rodillos adicionales tienen una profundidad de acoplamiento mayor que 1 mm (0.04 pulgadas), en donde los elementos formadores en los rodillos adicionales forman una pluralidad de salientes en el material de trama.
24
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque comprende una etapa previa y/o posterior de pasar el material de trama a través de al menos una línea de agarre adicional entre dos rodillos adicionales, en donde al menos uno de los rodillos adicionales tiene elementos en su superficie que penetran el grosor del material de trama para formar aberturas en el material de trama.
25
Un método para reducir la energía de desfibración de la pulpa tendida en húmedo, el método comprende:a) proporcionar un material de trama precursora, el material de trama precursora comprende una estructura fibrosa celulósica tendida en húmedo, el material de trama precursora tiene una primera superficie, una segunda superficie y un grosor;b) proporcionar un par de miembros formadores que tienen una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal 100 ΙΜΡΪΟ> INSTITUTO MEXICANO DE LA PROPIEDAD INDUSTRIAL de la máquina, los miembros formadores comprenden: un primer elemento formador que tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de primeros elementos formadores, caracterizado porque los primeros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;y un segundo elemento formador que tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de segundos elementos formadores, en donde los segundos elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos;c) proporcionar un tercer miembro formador que tiene una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal de la máquina, el tercer miembro formador tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de terceros elementos formadores, en donde los terceros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;d) impactar mecánicamente el material de trama precursora al colocar el material de trama precursora entre el primero y el segundo miembros formadores, en donde los elementos formadores en el primer miembro formador penetran en la primera superficie del material de trama precursora al menos parte del trayecto en el grosor del material de trama precursora, y los elementos formadores en el segundo elemento formador penetran en la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora al menos parte del trayecto en el grosor del material de trama precursora;y e) repetir una etapa de ¡mpactar mecánicamente la trama precursora, ¡mpactando mecánicamente el material de trama precursora colocando el material de trama precursora entre el tercer miembro formador y ya sea el primer miembro formador, el segundo miembro formador u otro miembro formador, en donde los IMPIOS 101 15. INDUSTRIAL elementos formadores en el tercer miembro formador penetran en la primera o la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora, al menos parte del trayecto en el grosor del material de trama precursora, en donde el único material que es impactado mecánicamente en las etapas d) y e) consiste de material fibroso celulósico tendido en húmedo, en donde el miembro absorbente se proporciona con un perfil de densidad a través de al menos una porción de su grosor, y en donde la primera y la segunda superficies del material de trama precursora comprenden la primera y la segunda superficies respectivamente, del miembro absorbente, y la primera y la segunda superficies del miembro absorbente son prácticamente planas y no sustancialmente en relieve.
26
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque los elementos formadores machos distintos en el primer miembro formador comprenden dientes que tienen una longitud que varía desde 0.5 mm a 10 mm.
27
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque los elementos formadores machos distintos en el primer miembro formador comprenden dientes que tienen una separación entre ellos que varía desde 0.5 mm a 10 mm.
28
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora comprende al menos 90 porciento del peso de fibras celulósicas.
29
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora tiene una densidad de entre 0.25 g/cc y 0.6 g/cc. 102 ΓΜίΤίΤΙΠΌ MEXICANO CE IA PRCíLíDAO
30
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 *^/ caracterÉáSo además porque el material de trama precursora tiene una densidadTfü^TiireTr25~g7ccy''(J.'5’ g/cc. 15.
31
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 3, caracterizado además porque el material de trama precursora comprende tela seca que tiene un peso base en un intervalo desde 200 gsm a 700 gsm.
32
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque los elementos formadores machos distintos tienen bordes anteriores y posteriores, y el material de trama precursora se dobla alrededor de los bordes anteriores y posteriores de los elementos formadores machos distintos durante la etapa (d). .
33
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque una dirección al interior del grosor del miembro absorbente se designa como la dirección z, y el miembro absorbente se proporciona con un perfil de densidad a través de su grosor, en donde la zona del miembro absorbente con la densidad más alta se ubica generalmente en medio del miembro absorbente en la dirección z, y las zonas del miembro absorbente con las densidades más bajas se ubican generalmente adyacentes a las superficies del miembro absorbente, superficies las cuales corresponden a la primera y la segunda superficies del material de trama precursora.
34
Un método para fabricar un artículo absorbente que tiene un grosor, el método comprende:a) proporcionar un material de trama precursora, el material de trama precursora comprende una estructura fibrosa celulósica tendida en húmedo que tiene una densidad de entre 0.25 g/cc y 0.6 g/cc, el material de trama precursora tiene una primera superficie, una segunda superficie y un grosor;103 5751AL adores b) proporcionar un par de miembros rodillos contrarrotatorios que definen una línea de agarre enlie tíllUü, que tiénen una™ orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal de la máquina, los rodillos comprenden: un primer rodillo que tiene una primera superficie y un primer eje alrededor del cual gira el primer rodillo, en donde el primer rodillo comprende una pluralidad de crestas y ranuras, en donde las crestas comprenden dientes distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;y un segundo rodillo que tiene una segunda superficie y un segundo eje alrededor del cual gira el segundo rodillo, en donde el segundo rodillo comprende una pluralidad de crestas y ranuras, en donde las crestas en el segundo rodillo comprenden dientes distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina, en donde los dientes en el primer rodillo se alinean en medio de las ranuras en el segundo rodillo;c) proporcionar un tercer miembro formador que comprende un tercer rodillo que tiene una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal de la máquina, el tercer rodillo tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de terceros elementos formadores, en donde los terceros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;d) ¡mpactar mecánicamente el material de trama precursora al colocar el material de trama precursora a través de la línea de agarre entre el primero y el segundo rodillos contrarrotatorios, en donde los dientes en el primer rodillo penetran en la primera superficie del material de trama precursora, y los dientes en el segundo rodillo penetran en la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora;y IMPI 104 θ) rNSTJTL'TO MEXICANO £»S U ? 7. - ϋ . Λ 9 repetir una etapa de impactar mecánicamente para formar un miembro absorbente, impactando mecánicainenie el lliaiéhál de trama precursora moviendo el material de trama precursora a través de una línea de agarre entre el tercer rodillo y ya sea el primer rodillo, el segundo rodillo u otro rodillo, en donde los elementos formadores en el tercer rodillo penetran en la primera o la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora, al menos parte del trayecto en el grosor del material de trama precursora, en donde el miembro absorbente se proporciona con un perfil de densidad a través de al menos una porción de su grosor, en donde el único material que es ¡mpactado mecánicamente en las etapas d) y e) consiste de material fibroso celulósico tendido en húmedo, y en donde la primera y la segunda superficies del material de trama precursora comprenden la primera y la segunda superficies respectivamente, del miembro absorbente, y la primera y la segunda superficies del miembro absorbente son prácticamente planas y no sustancialmente en relieve.
35
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 34, caracterizado además porque las crestas en el primero y el segundo rodillos se orientan perpendiculares al primer eje y al segundo eje respectivamente.
36
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 34, caracterizado además porque las crestas en el primero y el segundo rodillos se orientan paralelas al primer eje y al segundo eje respectivamente.
37
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el miembro absorbente se encuentra prácticamente libre de material aglutinante.
38
El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el miembro absorbente se encuentra completamente libre de material 105 aglutinante. mez'CaN'.'.)
39
Un método para fabricar un miembro absorbente que tiene un grosor; el método comprende:a) proporcionar un material de trama precursora, el material de trama precursora comprende una estructura fibrosa celulósica tendida en húmedo, el material de trama precursora tiene una primera superficie, una segunda superficie y un grosor;b) proporcionar un par de miembros formadores que tienen una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal de la máquina, los miembros formadores comprenden: un primer elemento formador que tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de primeros elementos formadores, caracterizado porque los primeros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;y un segundo elemento formador que tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de segundos elementos formadores, en donde los segundos elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos;c) proporcionar un tercer miembro formador que tiene una orientación en la dirección de la máquina y una orientación en la dirección transversal de la máquina, el tercer miembro formador tiene una superficie que comprende una pluralidad de terceros elementos formadores, en donde los terceros elementos formadores comprenden elementos formadores machos distintos que se separan en la dirección de la máquina;d) impactar mecánicamente el material de trama precursora al colocar el material de trama precursora entre el primero y el segundo miembros formadores, en donde los elementos formadores en el primer miembro formador hacen contacto con la primera 106 INSTITUTO MEXICANO CE LA PROEiECAD INDUSTRIAL superficie del material de trama precursora y porciones del material de trama precursora se doblan alrededor de los elementos formadores en el primer elemento formador, y los elementos formadores en el segundo elemento formador hacen contacto con la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora y porciones del material de trama precursora se doblan alrededor de los elementos formadores en el segundo elemento formador;y e) repetir una etapa de ¡mpactar mecánicamente la trama precursora para formar un miembro absorbente, ¡mpactando mecánicamente el material de trama precursora colocando el material de trama precursora entre el tercer miembro formador y ya sea el primer miembro formador, el segundo miembro formador u otro miembro formador, en donde porciones del material de trama precursora en la primera o la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora , elemento formador, los elementos formadores en el tercer miembro formador penetran en la primera o la segunda superficie del material de trama precursora, se doblan alrededor de los elementos formadores en el tercer elemento formador;en donde el único material que es ¡mpactado mecánicamente en las etapas d) y e) consiste de material fibroso celulósico tendido en húmedo, en donde el miembro absorbente se proporciona con un perfil de densidad a través de al menos una porción de su grosor, y en donde la primera y la segunda superficies del material de trama precursora comprenden la primera y la segunda superficies respectivamente, del miembro absorbente, y la primera y la segunda superficies del miembro absorbente son prácticamente planas y no sustancialmente en relieve. 107

Independent claims39

651 paragraphs in 69 sections, as filed

(54) Title: METHODS OF MANUFACTURE OF ABSORBING MEMBERS THAT HAVE A DENSITY PROFILE. (54) Title: METHODS OF MAKING ABSORBENT MEMBERS HAVING DENSITY PROFILE.

(57) Summary

Absorbent members and methods of manufacturing these are described. In one embodiment, the absorbent member is a unitary absorbent fibrous web having a full thickness density profile. In one embodiment, the density profile is relatively centered across the entire frame thickness and the maximum frame density is between about 35% and about 65% of the distance across the entire frame thickness. In one embodiment, the method includes subjecting a precursor frame to at least one cycle (or pass) through a mechanical deformation process. Typically, the method includes subjecting the precursor web to multiple cycles (or passes) through a mechanical deformation process.

(57) Abstract

Absorbent members and methods of making the same are disclosed. In one embodiment, the absorbent member is a unitary absorbent fibrous web having a density profile through its thickness. In one embodiment, the density profile is relatively centered through the thickness of the web and the maximum density of the web is located between about 35% and about 65% of the distance through the thickness of the web. In one embodiment, the method involves subjecting a precursor web to at least one cycle (or pass) through a mechanical deformation process. Typically, the method involves subjecting the precursor web to multiple cycles (or passes) through a mechanical deformation process.

Institute

Mexican Property

Industrial

_SE_ ill.RH ARJA JJS I {(KUWU i

ivi p

I

PATENT TITLE NO. 337692

Headlines):

Home:

Denomination:

Classification:

Inventor (s):

V ·.

THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY

One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45202, USA

MANUFACTURING METHODS OF ABSORBENT MEMBERS THAT HAVE A DENSITY PROFILE.

Int.CI.8: A61F13 / 15; A61F13 / 533; A61F13 / 536; B26F1 / 20; B26F1 / 24; D04H1 / 26; D04H1 / 425

LUIGI MARINELLI; KIRK WALLACE LAKE; JÍLL MARLENE ORR; JOHN BRIAN STRUBE; KEITH ROBE ^ .PR1 || S ^^? .CARMINE CIMINI; MARI.ggl PILLA ibert

REQUEST D

Number:

MX / a / 2013/011;

Country:

US

Internal filing date of April 2012

PRIORITY

Date:

April 2011

Number:

13/094,295

ia: Twenty years from Venci (hiento | 25 déjNjril de 2032 de reference will

of the Law of Pi ..

of presentation of the application with njndamenl items 1, 2 * section V, 6® section Iii, and 59 of the Property Law

7a bis 2 of t 996, 12/26/1997, idustríal.

(This patent has a valid period of twenty non-exputable years, I and will be subject to the payment of the fee to maintain 'lenses the

Law of the 705/1999, subscribes the present chapter what with fum Industrial Property (Diario / Oficial de Federación (D 2 () 1/2004, 06/16/2005, 25Í1 / 2006, 0Í05 / 2009,06 / 01 / 2010, so a), 4 ° and 12 * fraction I and III of the Institute's Regulations

04) 7/2002, 07/15/2004, 28 * 7/2004 and> 09/2007); Articles 1, 3 ', 4', 5 '_____________________ _______________________________ and 5th subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy Directors General, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Head of the Regional Offices. Divisional Deputy Directors. Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).

'2012); Articles 1, 3 'faction V il (DOF 12/14/1999, Π sections I and III and 30 of the Organic Statute signed at 37); 1st, 3rd

Arenal No 550, Floor 1,

Coi. Puebio Santa María Tepepar, Xochimilco, CP 13020,

Mexico City

Tel. (56) 53 34 07 00 www.impi.QOb.rnx

Issue Date: March 14, 2016

THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS

NAHANNY CANAL REYES

MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR ABSORBING MEMBERS THAT HAVE A

IMPIOUS?

MEXICAN INSTITUTE · of industrial property absorbent members and

DENSITY PROFILE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to methods of manufacturing these, and, more particularly, to absorbent members and methods of manufacturing these that provide absorbent members with a controlled density profile.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, some disposable absorbent items such as diapers, sanitary napkins and daily protectors are supplied with a low density felt absorbent core. Typically, air felt or shredded wood pulp is manufactured in a process that involves several stages. The first stage is one in which the pulp fibers are suspended in water and introduced through the inlet box of a moving screen in a process of wet laying of the paper. Before being introduced into a drying process to form a relatively high basis weight material called "dry cloth," water is removed by a combination of gravity and vacuum. The dry fabric can be in the form of a sheet or a roll. After that, the dry fabric is sent to the manufacturer of the absorbent article. The manufacturer of the absorbent article submits the dry fabric to the pulverization or crushing process to obtain air felt or flakes ("fluff'j by means of an air-laying process. Typically, this is done on a line of manufacture of the absorbent article.

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iNuJTi.; '/. L --When used as an absorbent core material in disposable absorbent articles, air felt has several limitations. Typically, the air felt has low integrity, and when wet it tends to pucker and interlock. Typically, air felt has a low density and cannot provide as much capillary work potential as a higher density material. Furthermore, the air felt has the same density throughout the thickness and, if it is desired that it provides a core structure that presents zones with different properties, it does not have the facility to form structures with a density gradient.

Air-laid structures are another type of absorbent material that is commonly used in absorbent articles. The air-laying process involves spraying or crushing the dry fabric to obtain air felt or fluff. Binder materials, such as latex binder, can be added to provide strength and integrity to the material. In the air-laying process, super absorbent polymers are also frequently added. Air-laid structures can be formed to provide a density gradient, as in US Patent No. USA no. US 2003/0204178 A1, but this implies more expensive processes and materials. The air-laying process is frequently carried out by means of an intermediate supplier, which adds the cost of sending the material for the conversion operation. The combination of more expensive materials, processing, and transportation translates into significantly more expensive material and a more complex supply chain.

Various different absorbent structures are described in the patent literature, as well as other structures used in absorbent articles and methods of manufacturing these, including: US Pat. USA no. 3,017,304,

Burgeni; US patent USA no. 4,189,344, Busker; US patent USA no.

MCUCANO INSTITUTE OF THE PITOiTEPAD

INDuSTTIAL

4,992,324, Dube; US patent USA no. 5,143,679, Weber; US patent USA no. 5,242,435, Murji; US patent USA no. 5,518,801, Chappell et al .; US patent USA no. 5,562,645, Tanzer et al .; US patent USA no. 5,743,999, Kamps; US patent application publication. USA no. 2003/0204178 A1, Febo et al .; US patent application publication. USA no. 2006/0151914, Gerndt; US patent application publication. USA no. 2008/0217809 A1, Zhao et al .; US patent application publication. USA no. 2008/0221538 A1, Zhao et al .; US patent application publication. USA no. 2008/0221539 A1, Zhao et al .; US patent application publication. USA no. 2008/0221541 A1, Lavash et al .; US patent application publication. USA no. 2008/0221542 A1, Zhao et al .; and publication of US patent application. USA no. 2010/0318047 A1, Duckery col. However, the search for an improvement of absorbent structures and their manufacturing methods has continued.

It is desirable to provide improved absorbent members and methods of manufacturing these. In particular, it is desirable to provide absorbent members with improved liquid uptake, flexibility, tensile strength, and fluid retention. Ideally, it is desirable to produce such improved absorbent members at low cost.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to absorbent members and methods of manufacturing these. There are numerous non-limiting embodiments of these members and methods and, more particularly, absorbent members and manufacturing methods.

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IMC'JSTÍUaL of these that can be used to provide absorbent members with a controlled density profile.

In a non-limiting embodiment, the absorbent structure comprises at least one unitary absorbent fibrous layer or web comprising at least some cellulose fibers. The fibrous layer has a first surface, a second surface, a length, a width, a thickness, and a full thickness density profile. The density profile can be practically continuous throughout the thickness of the fibrous layer. The fibrous layer may further comprise different regions along the xy plane, with density profiles throughout its thickness. The thickness of the fibrous layer can be divided into a series of distances measured over its entire thickness, from 0% on its first surface to 100% of its entire thickness distance on its second surface. In certain embodiments, the absorbent layer comprises a site having a maximum density and a portion or portions with a minimum density. The average maximum density measurement across the entire layer thickness can be at least about 1.2 times the average density of the lowest density portion or portions. In a non-limiting embodiment, the fibrous layer has a relatively centered density profile, in which: (a) the maximum layer density is between about 35% and about 65%, alternatively between about 40% and about 60 % of the distance over the entire thickness of the layer; and (b) the measurement of the maximum average density throughout the thickness of the layer is at least 1.2 times the average density of the layer, measured in external areas of the layer; the outer zones of the layer are; (1) between 5% and 15%; or (2) between 85% and 95% of the layer thickness.

In other embodiments, the density profile of the fibrous layer slopes toward one of the surfaces of the fibrous layer. In these modalities, (a) the

maximum layer density is outside the zone of the layer that is between about 35% and about 65%, alternatively between about 40% and about 60% of the distance over the entire thickness of the layer; and (b) the measurement of the maximum average density throughout the thickness of the layer is at least 1.2 times the average density of the weft, measured in the outer zones of the layer, which are: (i) between 5% and 15 %; or (ii) between 85% and 95% of the layer thickness.

Other modalities are possible. For example, the absorbent members described above can be further compacted into screeds or across their entire surface. In other embodiments, the frame may have different regions with different density profiles. In other embodiments, the absorbent members may be provided with a three-dimensional topography. In still other embodiments, the absorbent members can be punctured.

The absorbent member formation methods involve subjecting a precursor web to at least one cycle (or pass) of a mechanical deformation process. The precursor material may be in the form of a roll or sheet (eg, sheet pulp). The precursor material may comprise any suitable cellulose-containing wet-lay material, including, but not limited to: dry cloth, liner, cardboard, post-consumer recycled material, filter paper, and combinations thereof. The methods may involve passing the precursor web through a pair of counter rotating rollers. Depending on the type of deformation desired, the surface of each roller can be: smooth (ie, an anvil roller) or provided with forming elements comprising protrusions or "male" elements. Typically, the methods involve subjecting the precursor fabric to multiple cycles (or passes) of a mechanical deformation process. The mechanical deformation process

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INDUSTRIAL may use a “nested” roll arrangement, in which there are at least four rolls and at least two of the rolls define two or more gripping lines with the other rolls.

The methods described in the present description can be used for various purposes. Those purposes can range from serving as a pre-processing step before feeding the precursor material into a hammer mill to reduce the energy required to defibrillate the material in the hammer mill, to serving as a unit operation on a manufacturing line. absorbent articles, in order to prepare a complete absorbent element that is ready to use in an absorbent article that is being manufactured on the line.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The following detailed description will be more clearly understood when considering the figures in which:

Figure 1 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the cross section of a dry fabric screen.

Figure 1A is a graph of the density profile obtained by microcomputerized tomography over the entire thickness of a dry fabric screen.

Figure 2 is a photomicrograph of the cross section of a dry fabric weft after being processed in accordance with one embodiment of the present method to form a two-sided densensed absorbent member.

Figure 3 is a perspective image of a microcomputerized tomography scan of an absorbent member of the type shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a graph of the density profile obtained by

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Figure 5 is a photomicrograph of the cross section of a dry fabric weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the present method to form a "densified" absorbent member on one side.

Figure 6 is a graph of the density profile obtained by microcomputerized tomography over the entire thickness of four absorbent members similar to the absorbent member shown in Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a photomicrograph of the cross section of an absorbent member having a portion of it, on the left side of the image, that has been redensified or compacted.

Figure 8 is a photograph of a dry fabric weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described herein to form a three-dimensional absorbent member.

Figure 9 is a photograph of a dry fabric weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described herein to form a perforated absorbent member.

Figure 10 is a perspective view photomicrograph of an absorbent member having a portion of it, in the center of the image, that has been redensified or compacted to form an absorbent member having XY regions with different densities.

Figure 11 shows a weft of dry fabric after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described herein to form an absorbent member with "regional denotification".

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Figure 12 is a schematic side view showing theR'dTver? modalities of an absorbent structure comprising ηπτριτττ6Γ · absorbent member with a full thickness profile of density comprising a relatively higher density zone arranged in the Z direction between two outer portions of the layer with relatively lower density, and comprising a second absorbent member adjacent to a surface of the first absorbent member.

Figure 13 is a schematic side view showing various modalities of an absorbent structure comprising a first absorbent member with a full thickness density profile comprising an outer portion of the relatively lower density layer arranged in the Z direction adjacent to an area of relatively higher density, and comprising a second absorbent member, adjacent to a surface of the first absorbent member.

Figure 14 is a cross-sectional side view of two engraving members in a prior industry engraving process.

FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member, such as a two-sided densified absorbent member shown in FIG. 2.

Figure 15A is a schematic side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member.

Figure 15B is a schematic side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member.

Figure 15C is a schematic side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member.

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

Figure 15D is a schematic side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member.

Figure 16 is an enlarged perspective view of a non-limiting embodiment of the surfaces of two of the rollers of the apparatus.

Figure 17 is an even enlarged perspective view of the roller surfaces shown in Figure 16.

Figure 18 is a schematic plan view of an area of a frame showing how the teeth of the two rollers could be aligned on the grip line.

Figure 19 is a cross section of a portion of the interlocked rollers.

Figure 20 is a photograph of a frame between a portion of the interlocked rollers.

Figure 21 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member.

FIG. 22 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing an absorbent member, such as a laterally densified absorbent member shown in FIG. 5.

Figure 23 is a schematic side view of a non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a redensified / compacted absorbent member, such as that shown in Figure 7, or a three-dimensional or perforated absorbent member, as shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively.

Figure 24 is a schematic side view of a non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional absorbent member or

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FIG. 25 is a schematic, denrejempte-ftelimitando side view of a forming member for the step of forming the precursor web in a three-dimensional absorbent member.

Figure 26 is a perspective view of another example of a forming member for the precursor weft forming step in a three-dimensional absorbent member.

Figure 27 is a schematic side view of a non-limiting example of a forming member for the precursor weft forming step in a perforated absorbent member.

Figure 28 shows a non-limiting example of a forming member for the precursor screen forming step in an absorbent member, where a portion of the absorbent member has been densified or compacted.

Figure 29 shows a non-limiting example of a forming member for the forming step of the precursor web in an absorbent member with regional densification.

Figure 30 is a schematic top view showing the specimen for the microcomputerized tomography assay method.

Figure 31 is a schematic side view of the region of interest (ROI) of a specimen analyzed by the microcomputerized tomography assay method.

Figure 32 shows a perspective view of the surface of another embodiment of a roll that can be used in the methods described in the present description.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions:

The term "absorbent article" includes disposable articles such as sanitary napkins, daily protectors, tampons, interlabial devices, wound dressings, diapers, adult incontinence articles, cloths, and the like. Furthermore, absorbent members produced by the methods and apparatus described in the present disclosure may have utility in other screens such as scouring pads, mop pads (such as SWIFFER® pads), and the like. At least some of those absorbent items are intended for the absorption of bodily fluids, such as blood or menstrual flow, vaginal discharge, urine, and fecal matter. The cloths can be used to absorb body fluids or they can be used for other purposes, such as to clean surfaces. Various absorbent articles described above typically comprise a liquid-permeable upper canvas, a liquid-impervious lower canvas attached to the upper canvas, and an absorbent core between the upper canvas and the lower canvas.

The term "absorbent core", as used herein, refers to the component of the absorbent article that is primarily responsible for the storage of liquids. As such, the absorbent core,

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The term "absorbent member", as used herein, refers to components of the absorbent article that typically provide one or more liquid handling functions, eg, liquid collection, liquid distribution, transport of liquid, liquid storage etc. If the absorbent member comprises an absorbent core component, the absorbent member may comprise the entire absorbent core or only a portion of the absorbent core.

The term "absorbent structure", as used in the present description, refers to an arrangement of more than one absorbent component of an absorbent article.

The terms "compaction" and "redensification", as used in the present description, refer to a process step in which the density of a weft is increased.

The term "transverse direction" means the path that is perpendicular to the machine direction in the plot plane.

The term "densification", as used in the present description, refers to a "density reduction" in which the density of a frame is reduced.

The term "density profile", as used in the present description, refers to a change in density over the entire thickness of an absorbent member and is distinguished from normal variations in density of absorbent members that have a practically uniform density in all thickness. The density profile can be in any of the configurations described in the present description. Density profiles can be illustrated in

microphotography, SEM and scanning images by microcomputerized tomography.

The term "distinct", as used in the present description, means different or not connected. When the term "distinct" is used in relation to forming elements in a forming member, it means that the distal (or radially farthest) ends of the forming elements are different or not connected, both in the machine direction and in the transverse direction to the machine (even though the bases of the forming elements can be formed on the same surface of a roller, for example). For example, the undulations of an annular roller are not considered different.

The term "disposable" is used in the present description to describe absorbent articles that are not intended to be washed or somehow reconstituted or reused as an absorbent article (ie, intended to be discarded after single use, and preferably to be recycled, composted, or otherwise disposed of in some way compatible with the environment).

The term "dry cloth", as used herein, refers to a dry, wet laid, cellulose-containing fibrous material, which may be in roll or sheet form. The dry cloth is further known as flake pulp or spray pulp. For some applications, the dry fabric comprises SBSK pulp (bleached southern softwood kraft) or NBSK (bleached northern softwood kraft) produced in the form of a relatively thick gauge sheet and high basis weight. The sheet is rolled into continuous rolls or stacks of sheets to send to a manufacturer of disposable items. At the manufacturer's plant, the rolls are continuously fed into a device, such as a hammer mill, to reduce to individual fibers as reasonably possible and to give rise to that.

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MBXS-AN J INSTITUTE OF THE PRO? IEOAO INDUSTRIAL mode, to flaked cellulose. Alternatively, the dry cloth grades of the material can be reduced by the processes described in the present description. In addition to cellulose fibers, the dry fabric may include rayon, polyester, cotton fibers, recycled post-consumer material, other fibrous materials, or even particulate additives comprising elements such as mineral fillers, kaolin clay, or cellulose powder. Dry cloth materials of the type useful in this invention Include those described in US Pat. USA no. 6,074,524 and 6,296,737.

The terms "outside," "outside," and "outside," as used herein with reference to areas of an absorbent member, refer to areas that are separated in the z direction and away from a passing plane. through the center of the absorbent member.

The term "attached" encompasses configurations in which one element is directly secured to another element by directly attaching the element to the other element; the configurations in which the element is fixed, indirectly, to the other element by fixing the element to one or more intermediate members that in turn are fixed to the other element; and the configurations in which an element is Integrated to another element, that is, an element is essentially part of the other element. The term “unldo (a) a” encompasses configurations in which one element is secured to another element in selected locations, as well as configurations in which one element is fully secured to another element across the entire surface of one of the elements .

The term "layer" is used in the present description to refer to an absorbent member whose main dimension is XY, that is, along its length and width. It should be understood that the term "layer" is not necessarily limited to single layers or canvases of material. Therefore, the layer

I may comprise laminates or combinations of various canvases or wefts of the type of material required. Accordingly, the term "layer includes the terms" layers "and" layered. "

The term "machine direction" means the path that the material, such as a weft, follows during a manufacturing process.

The terms "mechanically impact" or "mechanically deform" can be used interchangeably in the present description to refer to processes in which a mechanical force is exerted on a material.

The term "micro-SELF" is a process whose apparatus and method are similar to those of the SELF process defined in the present description. Micro-SELF teeth have different dimensions, so they are more suitable for forming tufts with openings at the anterior and posterior ends. In the US patent application publication. USA no. 2006 / 0286343A1 describes a process of using micro-SELF to form tufts on a weft substrate.

The term "cardboard," as used herein, refers to the class of heavyweight paper and other chipboards greater than 0.15 millimeters thick, including cardboard, cardboard, chipboard, corrugated cardboard, corrugated cardboard, and cardboard. flat.

The term "patterned", as used herein with reference to forming members, includes forming members that have distinct elements in them, as well as those that have continuous features in them, such as ripples and grooves in a roll cancel.

The term "post-consumer recycled material" as used in this description generally refers to materials that may come from

post-consumer sources, such as domestic, distribution, retail, industrial, and demolition sources. "Post-consumer fibers" means fibers obtained from consumer products that have been discarded for disposal or recovery after completing their intended uses and are intended as a subset of the recycled post-consumer materials. Post-consumer materials can be obtained from the classification of materials from a consumer or manufacturer waste stream before disposal.

This definition is intended to include materials that are used to transport products to a consumer, including, for example, corrugated cardboard containers.

The term "region / regions" refers to portions or sections in the XY plane of the absorbent member.

The terms "annular winding" or "ring type winding" refer to a process using deformation members comprising counter-rotating rollers, interlocking bands, or interlocking plates containing undulations and continuous grooves, to which the undulations and interlocking grooves of deformation members and stretch a weft interposed between them. In the case of ring-type winding, the deformation members can be arranged to stretch the weft in the transverse direction of the machine or the machine direction, depending on the orientation of the teeth and the grooves.

The term "rotary knife drilling" (RKA) refers to a process and apparatus using interlocking deformation elements similar to those defined in the present disclosure with respect to SELF or micro-SELF. The RKA process differs from SELF or micro-SELF in that the teeth

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PROPERTY's relatively flat and elongated deformation limb SELF ^ fflffói'o-SroFse 'modified to be generally pointed at the distal end .-- L-os- 9C can sharpen to clear as well as to deform a weft to produce a perforated screen or, in some cases, a three-dimensional perforated screen, as described in US patent application publications. USA no. US

2005 / 0064136A1, US 2006 / 0087053A1 and US 2005/021753. RKA teeth can have other shapes and profiles, and the RKA process can also be used for mechanical deformation of fibrous wefts without perforating the weft. In other aspects, such as tooth height, tooth spacing, pitch, engagement depth, and other processing parameters, the RKA and RKA apparatus may be the same as described herein with respect to SELF or micro-SELF.

The terms "SELF" or "SELF'ing" refer to Procter & Gamble technology in which SELF stands for elastic-type structural film. While the process was originally developed to deform polymeric films to obtain beneficial structural characteristics, it has been found that the SELF'ing process can be used to produce beneficial structures in other materials, such as fibrous materials. The processes, apparatus, and models produced by SELF are illustrated and described in US Patents. USA no. 5,518,801; 5,691,035; 5,723,087; 5,891,544; 5,916,663; 6,027,483; and 7,527,615 B2.

The term "unitary structure", as used in the present description, refers to a structure that comprises: a single layer, or it comprises fully integrated multiple layers that are held together by hydrogen bonds and mechanical entanglement, and do not form by i

assemble multiple layers formed separately and bonded together with media

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The term "upper" refers to absorbent members, such as layers, that are closer to the user of the absorbent article during use, ie, toward the upper canvas of an absorbent article; conversely, the term "lower" refers to absorbent members that are farthest from the user of the absorbent article, toward the bottom canvas. The term "laterally" corresponds to the direction of the shortest dimension of the article, which during use generally corresponds to a left-to-right orientation of the user. "Longitudinally", therefore, refers to the direction perpendicular to the lateral, but which does not correspond to the thickness direction.

The term "Z dimension" refers to the dimension orthogonal to the length and width of the member, core or article. Usually, the Z dimension corresponds to the thickness of the member, core or article. As used herein, the term "XY dimension" refers to the plane orthogonal to the thickness of the member, core, or article. Usually, the XY dimension corresponds to the length and width, respectively, of the member, core or article.

The term "zone or zones" refers to portions or sections throughout the thickness of the Z direction of the absorbent member.

I. Absorbing members.

The present invention is directed to absorbent members and methods of manufacturing these, and, more particularly, to absorbent members.

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL and their manufacturing methods that provide absorbent members with a controlled density profile. The methods described in the present description allow the control and modulation of a series of properties of the density profile. The location of the maximum density zone can be controlled throughout the thickness of the absorbent member. The magnitude of maximum density can be controlled. You can control the thickness of the areas with the highest and lowest density. You can control the ratio of the average maximum density to the average density of the region or regions with the lowest density. Furthermore, any of these properties can be modified along the length and / or width of the absorbent member.

The methods described in the present description can provide a density profile without the complications and expense of producing air laid frames. Unlike air-laid structures made up of multiple layers, the density profile can be practically continuous throughout the thickness of the fibrous web. More specifically, multi-layer air-laid structures are believed to have a stepped density gradient. On the other hand, the density profile of the absorbent members described in the present description can be practically continuous throughout the thickness of the fibrous weft (so that when represented graphically, the density profile can form a practically continuous and free curve interruptions and / or staggered changes of importance). Therefore, the absorbent members described in the present description may not be airborne. Accordingly, the absorbent members can be virtually free, or completely free, of binder material, such as latex binders which are sometimes used to make air-laid materials. If desired, the absorbent members described in the present disclosure may furthermore be virtually free, or completely free, of gelling material

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INDUVrS '?. L -J absorbent, another common ingredient in air-laid materials. The methods described in the present description can provide a density profile without the complications and expense of adding water and / or heating the precursor material.

The absorbent members are made of a "precursor material" that is in the form of a weft or sheet comprising at least a portion of cellulosic material, which may be a paper grade material. The precursor material may comprise any suitable wet-lay material including, but not limited to: dry cloth, liner, cardboard, post-consumer recycled material, filter paper, and combinations thereof. In some cases, the absorbent members may consist of, or practically consist of, one of these wet-laid materials.

Typically, the precursor material comprises a plurality of individual fibers. A large proportion of cellulose fibers can provide various advantages, such as keeping the weft cost low. In particular aspects of the invention, the precursor material has a fiber content in which at least about 90% by weight of the fibers is cellulose, or the fibers are no longer than about 1 cm (about 0.4 inches). Alternatively, at least about 95% by weight, and optionally at least about 98% by weight, of the fibers are cellulose, or the fibers have a length not greater than about 1 cm (about 0.4 inches). In other desired arrangements, the precursor weft may have a fiber content in which practically about 100% by weight of the fibers are cellulose, or the fibers have a length of not more than about 1 cm (about 0.4 inches).

Fibers comprising the precursor material include fibers

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL cellulosic commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Some wood pulps useful in the present invention are chemical pulps, for example, Kraft, sulphite and sulfate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, chopped wood, thermomechanical pulp, and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp. However, in certain embodiments, chemical pulps may be preferred, as they may impart properties superior to those of the precursor material made therefrom. Pulps derived from deciduous trees (hereafter "hardwoods") and conifers (hereafter "softwoods") can be used. The hardwood and softwood fibers can be mixed or alternatively can be layered to provide a layered weft. US patents USA no. 3,994,771 and 4,300,981 describe layers of softwood and hardwood fibers. In addition, fibers derived from recycled paper are applicable to the present invention, which may contain some or all of the aforementioned categories, as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate the manufacture of the precursor weft. In addition to the above, fibers and filaments made of polymers, in particular hydroxyl polymers, can be used in the present invention. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyl polymers include polyvinyl alcohol, starch, starch derivatives, chitosan, chitosan derivatives, cellulose derivatives, gums, arabinans, galactans, and mixtures thereof.

Typically, the fibers comprising the precursor material include fibers derived from wood pulp. Other natural fibers, such as cotton fluff, bagasse, wool fibers, silk fibers, etc. may be used, and are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. Synthetic fibers, for example rayon, polyethylene and polypropylene fibers, can be

combine with natural cellulosic fibers. An illustrative polyethylene fiber that can be used is PULPEX®, available from Hercules, Inc. (Wilmington, Del.).

Typically, the fibers are held together by entanglement between fibers and hydrogen bonds. The fibers can have any suitable orientation. In certain precursor materials, the fibers of the forming process are predominantly aligned in the direction of the process in which they were formed (or the "machine direction").

Figure 1 is an SEM image of one embodiment of a precursor material comprising dry cloth. As shown in Figure 1, the precursor material is a single ply structure that is generally relatively dense throughout its thickness. This precursor material is not suitable for use as a component of an absorbent article due to its lack of void volume and high stiffness. Table 1 in the Examples section shows the properties of two of these precursor materials. Figure 1A is a graph showing the density of those precursor materials, in which the X axis indicates the distance over the entire thickness T of the precursor materials, and the Y axis indicates the corresponding density of the precursor material at those locations. These charts can be prepared from microcomputerized tomography scans performed according to the microcomputerized tomography scanning procedure in the Test Methods section. As shown in Figures 1 and 1A, there are some less dense portions on the surface of the precursor material, but they do not comprise a significant portion of the total thickness of the precursor material. The methods described in the present description reduce the total (i.e. average) density and stiffness of the dry fabric (or other precursor material) and increase its void volume in at least some areas of it, so that it is suitable for use. as an absorbing member in an article

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL absorbent. The methods can further increase the average gauge of the precursor material.

The precursor material can have any suitable properties. The tear strength of the precursor material may be 1,500 kPa or more, measured according to the TAPPI T 403 om-91 Tear Strength Test Method. Generally, precursor materials with lower tear strengths are more easily mechanically modifiable to reduce their density (ie, "de-densified" by a "density reduction" process). This is shown in Table 2 of the Examples section that appears at the end of this description. Table 2 shows that the gauge increases are greater in the dry fabric samples that have lower tear strengths. Therefore, it may be desirable for the parent material to have a tear strength of less than 1,500, 1,400, 1,300, 1,200, 1,100, 1,000, 900, 800, 750, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, or 100 kPa. , or less. The tear strength may further be within any range between any of these tear strength figures.

The precursor material can have any suitable gauge, basis weight, and density. Generally, the dry fabric has a gauge of at least about 1.02 mm (about 0.04 inch) or greater, for example, about 1-1.5 mm (about 0.04 to about 0.06 inch). However, applicants have specially manufactured dry cloth with gauges as low as approximately 0.5 mm (0.02 inch). Therefore, in some embodiments, the gauge of the precursor material can vary from about 0.5 to 1.5 mm (from about 0.02 to about 0.06 inches). Typically, commercially available dry fabric has a basis weight of between approximately 490 and 980 g / m2 (100 and approximately yy γ.

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

L) L INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

200 pounds / 1,000 feet2). However, applicants have specially manufactured dry cloth with a basis weight of 98 g / m2 (20 pounds / 1,000 feet2) or less. Therefore, in some embodiments, the basis weight of the precursor material may vary from about 98 g / m.2 (20 pounds / 1,000 feet2) at approximately 980 g / m2 (200 pounds / 1,000 feet2). In some embodiments, the precursor screen material may have a density of between about 0.25 g / cc and about 0.6 g / cc, or greater than, alternatively, between about 0.3 g / cc and about 0.6 g / cc. Typically, these precursor materials have a relatively uniform density throughout their thickness. For example, the measurement of the average maximum density across the thickness of the precursor material is typically less than or equal to about 1.1 times the average density of the lowest density portion (s).

The precursor material can have any suitable moisture content. Generally, the dry fabric has a moisture content of less than about 10 percent, for example, about 7 percent, although lower and higher moisture contents can be used. Generally, precursor materials with lower moisture contents are more easily mechanically modifiable to reduce their density ("de-densified"). For example, it may be desirable for the precursor weave material to have a moisture content less than or equal to 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or any interval between any of these percentages.

In certain embodiments, the precursor material may be treated, partially treated (ie, having treated portions and untreated portions), or untreated. If the precursor material is treated, any suitable treatment can be provided, including, but not limited to, decomposition agents,

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL '^ 2 such as chemical decomposition agents. In US patents. USA num.

Examples of suitable treatments are described in 6,074,524, 6,296,737, 6,344,109 B1 and 6,533,898 B2. Typically, untreated precursor materials have a higher tear strength than treated or partially treated precursor materials. Providing at least some treatment to the precursor material in the form of a chemical decomposition agent can make the precursor material more easily mechanically modifiable to decrease its density.

The absorbent members formed by the methods described in the present description can have any suitable general property. The absorbent member may have an average flexural strength less than or equal to, approximately 25 N, or any less flexural strength value that includes, but is not limited to, less than or equal to, approximately 10 N. The absorbent member it may have an average density range between about 0.05 and 0.5 g / cc. It should be understood that the Average Density Intervals of the various possible precursor materials and absorbent members described in the present disclosure may overlap. This is due to the wide variety of possible precursor materials. For a given precursor material, the average density of the absorbent member formed in the present invention is less than that of the precursor material. The methods described in the present disclosure can form absorbent members with any suitable average density, including, but not limited to, an average density less than, equal to, or greater than 0.25 g / cc and high flexibility. In addition, the methods can form absorbent members of any suitable thickness, including, but not limited to, less than or equal to 4 mm, or greater than 4 mm.

The location of the absorbent member portion with the maximum density (or peak) may be in the approximate center of the absorbent member (ie, about 50% of the distance over the entire thickness of the absorbent member). Alternatively, the location of the maximum density may vary up to 30% or more of the distance over the entire thickness of the absorbent member, so that it can be anywhere from about 20% to about 95% of the distance over the entire thickness. of the absorbent member. The lower end of this range (eg, the 20% point) can be formed on either side of the absorbent member during manufacture; however, when the absorbent member is incorporated into an absorbent article, the lower density portion of the absorbent member typically comprises the top surface. The absorbent member may have a range of average maximum density measured at the peak and in places of +/- 5% of the thickness of the absorbent member around the peak of between about 0.1 and 0.65 g / cc. Therefore, the average maximum density may be less than or equal to about 0.25 g / cc, or greater than about 0.25 g / cc. The absorbent member may have an average minimum density range, measured at the location having the minimum density and at locations, of +/- 5% of the thickness of the absorbent member around the location having the minimum density of between about 0.02 and a of the following: approximately 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, and 0.55 g / cc.

The absorbent member may have any suitable ratio of average maximum density to average minimum density (in the zone of least density outside the maximum zone, exclusive of the most external zones that are between 0-4% and 96-100% of the distance over the entire thickness of the absorbent member). In order to reduce the variability of the measurements described in the

INSTÍTUTO MSX'CANO Di LA? XO? JEDAt>

Present description, these outermost areas are not considered.1 "Average External Density", as used herein dbbuription, refers to the average density measured in the external portions of the absorbent member that are: (1) between 5% and 15%; and (2) between 85% and 95% of the layer thickness. When the ratio of the average maximum density to the average external density is specified in the present invention, it refers to the ratio of the average maximum density to the external portion that has the lowest average density. The average maximum density measurement across the entire layer thickness can be at least about 1.2 times the average density of the lowest density portion or portions. For example, this ratio can range from about 1.2 to about 6.5 or more.

The precursor material is modified, as described in the present disclosure, to provide a unitary absorbent member with a density profile over the entire z-direction thickness of the absorbent member. The density profile can be used to provide the absorbent member with at least one area or portion of relatively higher density and at least one area or portion of relatively lower density in the z direction. The term "relatively", as used in this context, means that these zones have a difference in density from each other. That is, the area with the highest density has a higher density in relation to the area with lower density. There may be two or more zones with different densities. These zones can be designated as first zone, second zone, third zone, etc.

The processes described in the present description can be adapted to modify the precursor material into an absorbent member having many possible structures. These structures include, but are not limited to: (A) an absorbent member with a higher density central zone and lower external portions

density (referred to in this description as miefOóEstuaryapsc "densified from two sides"); (B) an absorbent member J'Cüii a portion of the highest density inclined towards one surface of the absorbent member and a portion of lower density adjacent to another side of the absorbent member (referred to herein as "one-sided densified" absorbent member); (C) a redensified or compacted version of the absorbent members (A) or (B); (D) an absorbent member having a density profile and a three-dimensional (3D) topography; (E) a perforated version of the absorbent members (A) to (D) described above;

(F) absorbent members having XY regions with different densities and density profiles; and (G) alternative modalities and combinations of any of the above types of absorbent members. Each of these types of absorbent members and their manufacturing methods are described in more detail below.

A. Absorbent members with a higher density central zone ("two-sided densified").

Figures 2 and 3 show a non-limiting embodiment of an absorbent member 20 with a higher density central zone or a ("two-sided densified" absorbent member). The absorbent member 20 comprises a unitary absorbent fibrous layer having a first surface 20A, a second surface 20B, a length L extending in an X direction, a width W extending in a Y direction, and a thickness T of direction Z. As shown in Figure 2, the thickness T of the absorbent fibrous layer can be divided into a series of distances measured across its entire thickness from 0% on its first surface 20A to 100% of the distance across its thickness on its second surface 20B. The absorbent fibrous layer has a thickness profile throughout its thickness T that comprises a zone

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY of relatively higher density 22 arranged in the Z direction between two outer zones 24 and 26 of the layer, of relatively lower density. In the present description, the unitary absorbent fibrous layer may be referred to as an "absorbent layer", "fibrous layer", or simply "layer".

Figures 2 and 3 show that the absorbent member is expanded. "Expanded" means that the fibers, particularly those of the low-density portion or portions, have a greater void space between them with respect to other parts of the absorbent member (such as in the higher-density portion) and, furthermore, with respect to the material precursor shown in Figure 1. Another way to describe the absorbent member is that the absorbent member is composed of cellulose fibers having surfaces, and between the cellulose fibers there are hydrogen bonds that are practically interrupted by voids between the fiber surfaces. Therefore, the absorbent member 20 typically has a low-density portion that extends in the XY plane, and which has a thickness that appears to flake or be raised. The lower density portion is typically smoother than the surface of the precursor web.

The surface 20A of the absorbent member 20 may or may not have a plurality of deformations or impact marks on it. Likewise, the opposing surface 20B may or may not have a similar pattern of deformations thereon. It should be understood that in the various different modalities of the processes described in the present description, the impact marks of the process may be more or less visible (or not visible) depending on the process used and the configuration of the forming structure in the apparatus used. to form the absorbent member. Deformations are present as a result of subjecting the precursor material to a mechanical deformation process that imparts flexing,

FROM INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY localized tension and shear to reduce the density of the precursor material.

The deformations can be of any suitable shape, including notches, protrusions, or combinations thereof. Deformations can be arranged in any suitable pattern, including regular patterns or random patterns. The deformation pattern is a product of the process and apparatus used to reduce the density of the precursor material.

The high density portion 22 and the lower density portions 24 and 26 may comprise any suitable portion of the thickness of the absorbent member

twenty. For example, the high density portion 22 may comprise between about 10% - 80%, alternatively, between about 10% - 50%, alternatively, between about 10% - 25% of the thickness of the absorbent member 20. The lower density portions 24 and 26 may comprise a significant portion of the total thickness of the absorbent member. For example, each of the lower-density portions 24 and 26 (or lower-density portion, if in other embodiments there is only one low-density portion) may comprise more than, or more than or equal to, approximately 5%, 10 %, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, up to approximately 80% of the total thickness of the member absorbent. The thickness of the lower density portion or portions may, moreover, be within any range between any of two of the above percentages.

In a two-sided densened structure, the absorbent member 20 may have a maximum density that is in place between about 35% and about 65%, alternatively, between about 40% and about 60% of the distance over the entire thickness T of the absorbent member 20. The absorbent member may have a ratio of

average maximum density to average minimum density greater than or equal to, approximately 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 or more , or any number or range of numbers between these numbers. For example, this ratio can range from about 1.2 to about 6.5 or more. Various non-limiting examples of that structure are provided in Table 3 of the Examples. A microcomputerized tomography scan graph showing the density profile of these members is presented in Figure 4, in which the X axis indicates the thickness T of the absorbent members, and the Y axis indicates the corresponding density of the absorbent member in those places.

By providing a density profile to the absorbent member, a number of advantages can be provided to the absorbent member. However, it should be understood that the absorbent member need not necessarily provide those advantages, unless those advantages are specifically included in the appended claims.

The lower density portions 24 and 26 on at least one side of the absorbent member 20 can supply empty volume to the absorbent member for faster liquid uptake. Furthermore, it provides the absorbent member 20 with a larger gauge and greater flexibility than that of the precursor material.

The higher density portion 22 can supply capillary suction to the absorbent member to trap liquids and prevent liquids from leaving the absorbent article. This is especially useful in reducing the tendency of body fluids to back out and rewet the wearer's body (i.e. reduced rewet). Greater capillary suction can also allow the use of superior capillary suction canvases, which can be more effective in removing bodily fluids from the user's body and achieving a clean result. . .

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IÍÜTÍTUTO MEXICANO CE LA PROPISDAO more

The higher density portion 22 can, in addition, provide the absorbent member with improved integrity relative to the above types of absorbent core materials, such as air felt. Although the lower density portion has lower integrity compared to the higher density portion, it also has more integrity than the air felt due to the selective rupture and preservation of hydrogen bonds. Improved integrity is characterized by better tensile strength, which makes the absorbent material easier to process and handle during the manufacture of absorbent articles. The improved integrity can further reduce shirring, entanglement, and disintegration of the absorbent material during use of the absorbent article. In absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins and daily protectors, this can lead to a reduction of visible stains on the side of the absorbent article facing the body.

The density profile can be supplied in a unitary structure that eliminates the need to provide separate layers with different properties and to join those layers. This can eliminate a bonding step during processing and eliminate the need for adhesives or other materials to hold separate layers together (where adhesives can interfere with the transport of liquids between layers).

Absorbent members that have a two-sided densified density profile provide the largest gauge or thickness in the fewest passes through a mechanical deformation process. The gauge or thickness may be of interest to women who prefer thick sanitary napkins.

B. Absorbent limbs with an asymmetric density profile or "densified on one side.

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Of the?. PXOEIECAD T 10

Figure 5 shows a weft of dry fabric after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described in the present description to form an asymmetric or "side densified" absorbent member 20. As shown in Figure 5, the precursor material is formed into an absorbent member 20 comprising a unitary absorbent fibrous layer, which has a higher density area 22 adjacent to a side 20B of the absorbent layer and a lower density area 24 adjacent to another side 20A of the absorbent layer. The higher and lower density portions may comprise a significant portion of the total thickness of the absorbent member. Figure 6 is a graph of the density profile by microcomputerized tomography over the entire thickness of four absorbent members similar to the absorbent member shown in Figure 5.

In that structure, the absorbent member 20 may have a maximum density that is greater than or equal to about 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the distance over the entire thickness T of the absorbent member, measured from either side of the absorbent member. In certain modalities, the absorbent member with asymmetric density profile 20 may have a maximum density that is outside the zone representing 20% central (distances between 40-60% in the entire thickness), 25% (distances between 38 -63% in all thickness), 30% (distances between 35-65% in all thickness), up to 50% central (distances between 25-75% in all thickness) or 60% (distances between 20-80 % of all thickness) of the thickness of the absorbent layer. The absorbent member may have a ratio of average maximum density to average minimum density greater than or equal to, about 1.2 to about 6.5 or more. For example, the relationship may

INSTITUTO MtXiCANO UE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY vary from approximately 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 or each additional tenth to approximately 6.5 or more. Various non-limiting examples of that structure are provided in Table 4 of the examples.

When the asymmetric density absorbent member 20 is placed in an absorbent article comprising a body facing liquid impervious side and a liquid permeable side, the relatively lesser density outer portion 24 of the absorbent member must face the portion body-oriented absorbent article.

Absorbent members having an asymmetric density profile can be useful because, for a given thickness, more lower density material can be placed on one side of the absorbent member facing the body, which is beneficial for fluid uptake. Placing the high-density portion at the bottom causes fluid to move away from the body.

C. Redensified / compacted absorbent members.

Figure 7 shows a dry fabric weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described in the present description to form a redensified or compacted absorbent member 20. In this process, the precursor material is densified as described in the sections ΙΑ or B above and then at least a region of the material's surface area is compacted. As shown in Figure 7, the absorbent member 20 has a region 30 on it, on the left side of the image, that has been redensified or compacted. The ruler 32 of the absorbent member 20 on the right side of Figure 7 has not been compacted and remains dense, with a central zone of higher density 22 and two external zones of lower density 24 and 26. In other embodiments, it can be

redensify or compact the entire absorbent member 20.

The structure of a redensified or compacted absorbent member 20 may be similar to that of the two-sided densified absorbent member or that of the one-sided de-absorbent absorbent member, depending on the type of absorbent member that was formed prior to compacting it. However, in the case of the redensified or compacted absorbent member, the average density of the compacted region or regions of the absorbent member is greater (and the gauge is less) than that of the absorbent member that was formed prior to compacting the absorbent member. The compacted region or regions of absorbent member 20 can have a density of between about 0.1 g / cc and about 0.55 g / cc, while maintaining a density profile thereon.

In a densified or compacted absorbent member, most of the improvement in flexibility of the densensed absorbent member is frequently retained. Table 5 in the Examples section shows the difference in gauge and flexibility of a compacted, two-sided dense structure compared to a non-compacted, two-side dense structure. Example 15 is redensified or compacted over its entire surface area. The properties of the different regions of modalities in which only regions of the absorbent member 20 are compacted (as opposed to the entirety of the absorbent member 20 being compacted) are described in greater detail in Section IF of the present disclosure.

Absorbent members that have a densified or compacted density profile may be helpful because thinness can provide discretion, which is important to some consumers. A less preferred alternative approach to the redensification / compaction process described in the present disclosure would be to attempt to form a thinner absorbent member

MEXICAN Fe 'ROFÍEOaD

INSTITUTE Μ OF THE PRO (. ,,,. ,,. ,, INDU ¿TRi? ± -___.

through less mechanical work of the precursor material, such as fewer passes through a mechanical deformation process. This ^ óTigíhá'ljhT builds less dense and smaller caliber. However, that absorbent member remains relatively stiff, because many of the hydrogen bonds are still present in the parent material. Compared to the alternative approach of subjecting the precursor material to fewer passes through a mechanical deformation process, the compaction approach allows for much greater flexibility in forming thin absorbent members. Table 6 shows an example in which a densified and compacted absorbent member (Example 17) is thinner and more flexible than an absorbent member (Example 16) processed with fewer passes.

D. Three-dimensional absorbent members.

Figure 8 shows a dry fabric weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described herein to form a three-dimensional absorbent member 20. In this process, the precursor material may be subjected to a process to form a three-dimensional structure in he, before and / or after densifying as described in sections ΙΑ or B above.

The microstructure of a three-dimensional absorbent member 20 may be similar to that of the two-sided densified absorbent member, or that of the one-sided densified absorbent member, depending on the type of absorbent member formed before or after subjecting it to a topography forming step. three-dimensional in it. In this embodiment, the absorbent member 20 has a density profile and further comprises a three-dimensional surface topography. More specifically,

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE -; ·. «Λ

OF PROPERTY at least one of the first surface and second surface comprisesQ^ afiehtesS4iand 7th depressions. The depressions on one surface of the ñlérítbró ΑΒδΟΓΒδΠΓϋ 20 typically correspond to protrusions 34 on the other surface. At least some of the projections 34 may have a full thickness density profile, where the average maximum density is between about 1.2 and about 6.5, or more, times the average density of the portion or portions throughout the thickness of the protrusions with minimum density. If the precursor material comprises multiple layers, the projections can be formed in those multiple layers.

The three-dimensional absorbent member 20 can have any suitable number of protrusions 34 and / or depressions therein, from a protrusion 34 or depression to a plurality of protrusions 34 and / or depressions. Projections 34 and / or depressions can cover any desired portion of the absorbent member area. In some embodiments, the projections 34 and / or depressions may be located in a region that comprises only a portion of the area of the absorbent member. In other embodiments, the projections 34 and / or depressions can be distributed across virtually the entirety of the absorbent member.

Absorbent members that have a density profile and a three-dimensional structure can be useful, because the protrusions provide an increase in overall caliber (which may be important for consumers who prefer thick absorbent articles).

E. Perforated absorbent members.

Figure 9 shows a dry cloth weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described in the present description to form a perforated absorbent member 20. In this process, the material

IMPI

precursor is drilled before and / or after densification as described in sections ΙΑ or B above.

The structure of a perforated absorbent member 20 may be similar to that of the two-sided densified absorbent member or that of the one-sided densified absorbent member, depending on the type of absorbent member formed before piercing or the type of absorbent member formed after piercing. . In this embodiment, there is at least one perforation 36 that extends between those first and second surfaces of the absorbent member 20. If the precursor material comprises multiple layers, the perforations can extend through those multiple layers. The perforations 36 can be of any suitable shape and size. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to, circular, oval, rectangular, etc. In some embodiments, the area of the perforations 36 may vary from about 0.25mm2 to about 20 mm2. The perforated absorbent member may comprise an area 38 that surrounds, at least partially, at least one perforation 36 that is compacted.

The perforated absorbent member may have any suitable number of perforations 36 therein, from one perforation to a plurality of perforations. Perforations 36 can cover any desired portion of the absorbent member area. In some embodiments, the perforations 36 may be located in a region that comprises only a portion of the area of the absorbent member. In other embodiments, perforations 36 can be distributed across virtually the entire absorbent member.

F. Absorbent members having XY regions with different densities.

There are numerous possible modalities of absorbent members having XY regions with different densities and / or different density profiles. In

IMPi

INSTITUTO MEX'-CANO DE LA PROHEOAO INDUSTRIAL some modalities, the entire absorbent member may have a profile of

density and the absorbent member may have different regions in the XY plane with different densities and / or different density profiles. In other embodiments, at least a portion of the absorbent member may be underdefined and a portion is not underdefined. In these latter embodiments, the portion of the absorbent member that is not underdeveloped may have a density similar to that of the parent material. In the present description, these latter modalities are called absorbent members with "regional underdevelopment."

1, The entire absorbent member has a density profile.

Figure 10 shows a dry fabric weft after processing. v according to another embodiment of the methods described in the present description to form an absorbent member 20 having XY screeds 40 and 42 with different densities and / or density profiles. In one embodiment of that process, the precursor material is de-sniffed as described in sections ΙΑ or B above and then compacted on at least one screed 42.

The structure of the rulers of the absorbent member 20 with a density profile may be similar to that of the two-sided underdrive absorbent member or that of the one-sided overdriven absorbent member, depending on the process or combination of processes used to mechanically deform each screed .

The screeds can have density profiles of the same or different type. For example, in the case where the types of density profiles are different, a first region may have a de-flocked profile on one side, while a second region may have a deferred profile on two sides. In these embodiments, the length and width of the absorbent member define an area and the

IΜ ΡI f

INSTITUTE ΜΕΧΙΓ '' *

DE LA FROPIIDaó V INDUSTR'AL 'absorbent member comprises at least two regions extending in the X and Y directions, which comprise; a) a first region comprising a portion of the area of the absorbent member, and b) a second region comprising another portion of the area of the absorbent member. The first region 40 can be said to have a first average density, a first minimum density, and a first maximum density. The second ruler 42 has a second average density, a second minimum density, and a second maximum density. In those modalities, the second average density of the second region 42 is at least approximately 0.05 g / cc greater than the first average density of the first region.

The first and second regions may be of any suitable size and shape, provided they are large enough to draw a sample / specimen thereof for the microcomputerized tomography assay method described in the present disclosure. Therefore, the first and second regions must individually cover a region that is greater than or equal to, a square whose dimensions are 7.2 mm x 7.2 mm (an area greater than or equal to, approximately 52 mm2). The conformation of the first and second rulers can be selected from the group that includes square, rectangular, circular, strip (which can be linear, curvilinear, or combinations thereof), irregular, combinations, and multiple regions. The size and / or conformation of the first region 40 may be the same as those of the second region 42 or different.

The first and second rulers 40 and 42 can cover any suitable portion of the area of the absorbent member 20, from 1% to 99%, provided that the total area of the two regions does not exceed 100% of the area of the absorbent member.

INSTITUTE ' ' ' ''

OF THE PIC I 1 1’

DE LA Plu

INL J JAL

Different variations of this modality are possible. For example, in ^, some modalities, the average maximum densities of the first and second regions 40 and 42 may be practically the same. As used in the present description with reference to differences in densities, the phrase "practically the same" means that the difference between densities is less than 0.05 g / cc. In other embodiments, the second region 42 may have a higher average maximum density than that of the first region 40. In some embodiments, the second region 42 may have a lower ratio of average maximum density to average minimum density than that of the first region . In some embodiments, the first and second regions 40 and 42 have virtually the same flexibility. As used in the present description with reference to differences in flexibility, the phrase "practically the same" means that difference in flexibility (ie, the flexural resistance strength) is less than 2 N. In other embodiments, the Second region 42 may have a higher flexural strength than that of first region 40. In these or other embodiments, the absorbent member 20 may comprise one or more additional regions that have different average densities from the first and second regions 40 and 42. These may comprise a third region, fourth region, fifth region, etc.

2. Absorbing members with "regional densification",

Figure 11 shows a dry fabric weft after being processed according to another embodiment of the methods described herein to form an absorbent member 20 with "regional densification".

In "regional densification" absorbent member modalities, the portion 46 of the absorbent member 20 that is not densensed may have a density similar to that of the precursor material 10. Therefore, in those

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF LX PROPERTY0'^ ··' ^ 1N υ U ST IU AL - modalities, the absorbent member 20 comprises at least two regions extending in the X and Y directions. These regions comprise: a) a first region having a density profile in its entire thickness and comprising a portion of the absorbent member area and b) a second region comprising another portion of the absorbent member area. The first ruler 44 has a maximum density, where the measurement of the average maximum density over the entire thickness of the absorbent member 20 is at least about 1.2 to about 6.5 or more times its average minimum density. The second region 46 of the absorbent member has a measurement of the average maximum density throughout the thickness which is less than 1.2 times its average minimum density and may have a density similar to that of the precursor material.

G. Alternative modalities and combinations.

Numerous non-limiting examples of alternative embodiments of the absorbent members described in the present disclosure are possible. The absorbent member modalities can be formed into numerous different types or combinations of absorbent structures. For example, as shown in Figure 12, in one embodiment, an absorbent structure 50 can be manufactured comprising a second absorbent member 50B adjacent to a surface of a first absorbent member 50A, in which the first absorbent member 50A comprises a layer. absorbent that has a density profile throughout its thickness, which comprises a relatively higher density zone (marked "High" or "H") arranged in the Z direction between two outer portions of the layer with relatively lower density (marked "Low" or "Lo"). As shown in Figure 13, in another embodiment, an absorbent structure 50 can be manufactured comprising a

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

DE ÍA W.OMEU.'4J \ 6 »- <·· - cii¡

INDUSTRIAL --1—— second absorbent member 50B adjacent a surface of a first absorbent member 50A, in which the first absorbent member 50A comprises an absorbent layer having a full thickness density profile, which comprises an area of relatively higher density arranged in the Z direction adjacent to an outer portion of the layer with relatively lower density. Numerous other absorbent structures are possible. Figures 12 and 13 show various possible variations of the arrangements of those areas of higher density, H, and lower density, Lo. These structures may further comprise region is of perforations, protrusions, depressions or regions with different average densities that can extend along one or more of the absorbent members 50A and

50B.

II. Methods of manufacturing the absorbent members.

The absorbent member formation methods involve subjecting the precursor web to at least one cycle or pass through a mechanical deformation process.

The mechanical deformation process can be performed on any suitable apparatus, which can comprise any suitable type or types of forming structures. Suitable types of forming structures include, but are not limited to: a pair of rollers defining a line of grip between them;

plate pairs; bands, etc. The use of a roller apparatus can be beneficial in continuous processes, particularly those in which the speed of the process is of interest. Although the apparatuses are described in the present description, for convenience, mainly in terms of rollers, it should be understood that the description is applicable to forming structures with any other configuration.

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE -X. r J

FROM TA PROPERTY 'C'— WC.V

INDUSTRIAL ------ The rollers used in the apparatus and methods described in the present description are typically and generally cylindrical. The term "generally cylindrical", as used in the present description, encompasses rollers that are not only perfectly cylindrical, but also cylindrical rollers that may have elements on their surface. The term "generally cylindrical" further includes rollers the diameter of which may taper, for example, on the surface of the roller near the ends of the roller, and rollers having a crown. Furthermore, the rollers are typically and virtually non-deformable. The term "virtually non-deformable", as used in the present description, refers to the rollers that have surfaces (and any element in them) that typically do not deform or compress when used in the processes described in the present description. The rollers can be made of any suitable material, including, but not limited to, steel or aluminum. The steel can be corrosion resistant and wear resistant steel, such as stainless steel.

The components of the forming structure (eg, the rollers in a pair of rollers), such as those shown in Figure 15, can have any suitable type of surface. Depending on the desired type of mechanical deformation, the surface of each roller can be: practically smooth (ie, an anvil roller) or provided with forming elements comprising protrusions or "male" elements. In the case of rollers comprising corrugations and grooves, the corrugations are considered male forming elements. The male elements can be different (such as SELF teeth, RKA teeth or pins) or continuous (like the undulations of an annular roller). In some embodiments, the components of the forming structure may be virtually free or completely free of combinations of distinct male 60 elements and corresponding elements

different female 62, such as those shown in Figure 14, which would be used for engraving. Surfaces with forming elements can have any suitable configuration. Suitable configurations for forming elements include, but are not limited to: annular rollers; SELF rollers; micro-SELF rollers; RKA rollers and pin rollers.

The forming elements of the SELF rollers can be oriented in the machine direction (MD) or in the cross-machine direction (CD). In certain embodiments, SELF rollers comprise a plurality of alternating circumferential corrugations and grooves around the circumference of the roller. The corrugations have spaced channels formed therein that are oriented parallel to the A axis of the roll. The channels form breaks in the corrugations that create forming elements or teeth on the SELF roller. In these modalities, the longest dimension of the teeth is oriented in the machine direction (MD). In the present description, these roller configurations are called the standard "CD SELF" roller, since the teeth are not staggered and in the usual SELF process the material fed into a gripping line formed by that roller would stretch in the direction transverse to the machine (or "CD").

In other embodiments described in the SELF patents that are incorporated herein by reference, the SELF roll may comprise a machine direction roll, or "MD SELF" roll. That roller has alternating corrugations and grooves that are oriented parallel to the A axis of the roller. The undulations of that roller have spaced channels formed therein that are oriented around the circumference of the roller. The channels form breaks in the corrugations to form forming elements or teeth on the MD SELF roll. In the case of MD SELF rollers, the dimension

The longest tooth is oriented in the cross-machine direction, jnr—— • .Ά · * · '-'-'-' (CD).

Figure 32 shows a portion of the surface of a roll having male elements of another configuration that can be used in the method. In the present description, the roll shown in Figure 32 is called a "pin" roll. Unlike the tooth geometries described above, the teeth of a pin roller are not faceted, which means that they do not comprise flat faces. The pin tooth can have various cross-sectional shapes, such as round or oval. The tip of the tooth can be sharp, rounded, or truncated to have a flat surface. Also, the tooth can be bent at an angle. The side wall can taper from the base to the tip at a constant angle, or the side wall can change angles. For example, the top of the tooth may have a cone shape with an angle of 30 degrees between the axis of the tooth and the side wall, and the base of the tooth may have a cylindrical shape and a vertical side wall that extends parallel to the tooth axis.

To form an absorbent structure having a higher density portion on one side, at least one of the components of the forming structure (such as one of the rollers) may have a surface that is: smooth (such as a smooth anvil roller ), practically smooth or relatively smooth. The phrase "relatively smooth surface", as used in the present description, means that the surface of the forming structure is not necessarily smooth, but is smoother than the surface of the other component of the forming structure. Therefore, the phrase "relatively smooth surface" may include, for example, a ring-type wound roll that is not smooth, but is "relatively" smoother than a SELF roll used as the other component of the forming structure. It should be understood that the phrase "relatively smooth surface" can

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also include smooth and practically smooth surfaces. The smoothness of the surface refers to the surface area of the forming elements that is capable of making contact with a weft. Therefore, the greater the total area of the forming elements that is capable of contacting a weft, the smoother the surface. In order to form an absorbent member having a lower density portion on both sides and a higher density region in the middle, the components of the forming structure (such as both rollers) must have forming elements on their surfaces. If it is desired that the density profile of the absorbent member be asymmetric, at least one of the components of the forming structure (such as one of the rollers) must have a relatively smooth surface. If it is desired to compact the absorbent member, the forming structures may comprise relatively smooth rollers compared to those used to densify the weft.

The rollers are not contacted and are axially driven. In cases where the rollers in a pair have a pattern, the rollers can be interlocked, non-interlocked, or at least partially interlocked. The term "interlocking", as used in the present description, refers to arrangements where the forming elements of one of the components of the forming structure (eg roller) extend towards the surface of the other forming structure and the forming elements have portions extending between, and below, an imaginary plane drawn through the tips of the forming elements on the surface of the other forming structure. The term "non-interlocking", as used in the present description, refers to arrangements where the forming elements of one of the components of the forming structure (eg roller) extend towards the surface of the other forming structure, but they have no parts that extend below an imaginary plane drawn through the tips of the

T1 MEXICAN TUTE OF PROPERTY forming elements on the surface of the other forming structure. The term "partially interlocked," as used herein, refers to arrangements where the forming elements of one of the components of the forming structure (eg, roller) extend toward the surface of the other forming structure and some of the forming elements on the surface of the first roll have portions extending between, and below, an imaginary plane drawn through the tips of the forming elements on the surface of the first roll does not extend below an imaginary plane drawn through the tips of the forming elements on the surface of the other forming structure.

Typically, both rollers in the pair of rollers rotate in opposite directions (ie, the rollers are counter-rotating). The rollers can rotate at virtually the same speed, or at different speeds. The phrase "practically the same speed", as used in the present description, means that the speed differs by less than 0.3%. Roller speed is measured in terms of surface or peripheral speed. The rollers can rotate at different surface speeds by rotating the rollers at different axial speeds or by using rollers of different diameters that rotate at the same axial speeds. The rollers can rotate at practically the same speed as the speed at which the weft is fed through the grip line between the rollers; or they can rotate at a speed greater or less than the speed at which the weft is fed through the grip line between the rollers. The fastest roll can have a surface speed that varies from 1.02 to about 3 times faster than the slowest roll. Suitable ranges for the surface velocity ratio range from about 1.05 to about 2.0, depending on the geometry of the male members. The higher the surface speed differential or the

DE LA ¡-'LC'HtijAL 'u «vL ·» · INDUSTRIAL' <* u.

The relationship between the rollers, the greater the de-installation of the material.

If the precursor weft is in the form of sheets, it can be fed into the mechanical deformation process in any suitable orientation. IF the precursor material is in the form of sheets, the individual sheets with their ends in an overlapping configuration can be joined by passing the sheets through a gripping line of an RKA or SELFing process. If it is in roll form, it is typically fed in the machine direction mechanical deformation process.

The precursor web can be fed in any suitable number of mechanical deformation processes. The number of mechanically deformed gripping lines to which the precursor web is subjected can vary from one to between 2 and 100, or more gripping lines.

A. Method for manufacturing two-sided densened absorbent members.

Figure 15 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a two-sided densened absorbent member, such as that shown in Figure 2. The apparatus shown in Figure 15 has two pairs of rollers 64 and 66, and can be called a paired roller apparatus. Each pair of rollers comprises two rollers, 64A and 64B, and 66A and 66B, respectively, which form a single gripping line N between them.

In the mode indicated in Figure 15, four rollers are shown; however, the apparatus may comprise any suitable number of rollers. For example, the apparatus can have up to fifty or more pairs of rollers. Multiple rollers are useful when it is desirable to pass precursor web 10 through multiple gripping lines. To make the absorbent member

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shown in Figure 2, it may be desirable to pass the precursor web 10 through thirty or more gripping lines. If the rollers are arranged in a paired configuration, there would have to be thirty pairs of rollers to pass the precursor web 10 through thirty gripping lines. However, these roll arrangements are less than optimal as too many rolls are required and the large number of rolls takes up too much space in a manufacturing plant. Therefore, applicants have developed improved configurations for roll arrangement. Depending on the modality, the rollers can be arranged in any suitable configuration from a side view, which includes: paired (Figure 15); planetary configurations (Figure 15A) with a central roller 68 and satellite rollers 70, 72 and 74; nested configurations (Figure 15B); in the configuration of a closed circuit (Figure 15C); in configurations in which the rollers are shared by two or more other rollers (which can be called “shared bank” (Figure 15D); and combinations of those configurations (hybrids) (Figure 21). These roller configurations are described in greater detail in US Patent Application. USA no. if 13 / 094,206 filed on the same date as the present application, the descriptions of which are incorporated by reference in the present description.

The apparatus shown in Figure 15B will be called the "nested roll" arrangement. In the nested roller apparatus, the rollers are arranged in an offset configuration when viewed from their sides (i.e. their ends), in which a roller, for example rollers 78, 82, and 84, is placed in a space between two adjacent rollers, such that at least two of the rollers define two or more gripping lines N with other rollers on them. Typically, in a nested roll arrangement, there are at least four generally cylindrical rolls.

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More specifically, in a nested configuration each roller has an axis, A, and the rollers are arranged so that if they are viewed from one of their circular sides and lines are drawn, such as B and C, that pass through the A axes of al minus two different pairs of those rollers (whose pairs can have at least one roller in common) will be nonlinear. As shown in Figure 15B, at least some of the lines B and C passing through the axes of the adjacent pairs of rollers form an angle between them.

The nested roll arrangement can provide several advantages. A nested roll arrangement can provide more grip lines per total number of rolls than non-nested roll arrangements. This results in the need for practically less tooling (roller machining) than in the matched roller apparatus. The nested roller arrangement maintains control of the weft to record deformations in it, as all portions of the weft remain in contact with at least one of the rollers, from the point where the weft enters the first grip line until the place where the plot comes out of the last grip line. Also, the nested roll array has a smaller footprint in a manufacturing plant. The entire array of nested rollers shown in Figure 15B could also be rotated 90 ° so that the rollers are stacked vertically and the apparatus would take up even less space in a manufacturing plant.

Figure 16 is a close-up of a non-limiting embodiment of the surfaces of two of the rollers 90 and 92 in the apparatus. Rollers 90 and 92 are mounted on respective rotary rods (not shown) having their axes of rotation arranged in parallel relationship. In this embodiment, each of the rollers 90 and 92 comprises a variation of one of the rollers of the SELF technology from the company Procter & Gamble. In this modality, the longest dimension of the

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forming elements (or teeth) 100 of the SELF rollers is oriented in the machine direction (MD).

As shown in Figure 16, the surfaces of each roller have a plurality of spaced teeth 100. The teeth 100 are arranged in a staggered pattern, shown in greater detail in Figure 17. More specifically, the teeth 100 are arranged in a plurality of axially spaced circumferentially extended rows, such as 102A and 102B, around the roll. However, for the spacing TD between the teeth of each row, the teeth of each roller would form a plurality of alternating regions of axially spaced circumferentially extended corrugations and grooves. Tooth length TL and machine direction (MD) spacing TD can be defined such that when the rollers are viewed from one end the teeth of adjacent rows 102A and 102B overlap or do not appear to overlap. In the embodiment shown, the teeth 100 in the adjacent rows are offset circumferentially by a distance of 0.5x (where "x" is equal to the length of the tooth plus the TD spacing of the MD between the teeth in a given row) . In other words, the anterior edges LE of the adjacent teeth of adjacent rows are offset in the MD by 0.5 times. The rollers 90 and 92 are aligned so that the rows of teeth on one roller align with the grooved regions between the teeth on the other roller. The staggered tooth pattern allows mechanical impact of the precursor web 10 relatively evenly, while avoiding the need to align the rollers in the machine direction. The rollers shown in Figure 16 can be manufactured in any suitable way, for example, by first cutting the corrugations and grooves in the roller and then helically cutting teeth 100 on the surface of the rollers, where each cut is continuous. Whether

IMPIOS [NST ΐ TU ΤΟ M t Xi CANO <·

OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL --wishes, the profile of the teeth (in particular the anterior and posterior edge) can be modified by means of a penetration cut.

In the present description, the configuration of rollers shown in Figures 16 and 17 is called a "staggered CD SELF" roller, since in the usual SELF process the material that is fed into the grip line N between those rollers would stretch in the cross-machine direction (or "CD"). The advantage of using CD SELF rollers in the methods described in the present description is that the registration of multiple rollers to provide multiple blows (impacts within the grip lines) is much easier, since it is only necessary to register the toothed regions ( that is, aligning the toothed regions with the grooved rulers of the opposite roller) in the cross-machine direction and it is not necessary to align or register the toothed regions on the MD). Figure 18 is a schematic plan view of an area in a frame showing an example of how the teeth of the two rollers could be aligned on the grip line. Figure 18 shows the areas 100A impacted in a frame by the teeth of the roller 90 and the areas 100B impacted by the teeth of the roller 92.

Figure 19 shows a cross-sectional portion of the interlocking rollers 90 and 92, including the teeth 100 which appear as undulations 106 and the grooves 108 between the teeth 100. When viewed in cross-section, the teeth may have a triangular or inverted V. The corners of the teeth are the furthest from the surface of the rollers. As shown, teeth 100 that have a tooth height TH, a tooth length TL (Figure 17), and a tooth-to-tooth spacing (or ripple-to-ripple spacing), are called step P. The tooth length TL in those modes it is a circumferential measurement. The tips furthest from the teeth have lateral

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which are preferably rounded to avoid cuts or tears in the precursor material. The leading and trailing edges LE and TE (Figure 17), respectively, of teeth 100 are preferably square or of a conformation that creates a relatively sharp edge to maximize densification of the weft in the process. As shown, corrugations 106 of one roll partially penetrate grooves 108 of the opposing roll to define a "depth of engagement" (DOE) E, which is a measure of the level of roll entanglement 90 and 92. The depth of engagement can be zero, positive for geared rollers or negative for non-geared rollers. The coupling depth E, the tooth height TH, the tooth length TL, the tooth spacing TD and the pitch P can be varied as desired, depending on the properties of the precursor screen 10 and the desired characteristics of the absorbent member 20 . For example, generally, in order to obtain the greatest magnitude of detransflation with the fewest strokes while preserving a portion of the Frame Integrity, it is preferred to have a short tooth length TL and a small radius of tip TR, than In order to maximize the magnitude of the flex around the teeth and minimize the magnitude of compression on the material. Therefore, it may be desirable for the tip radius TR of the tooth to be less than about 0.5 mm (0.020 inch). However, this must be balanced against the need for a tooth that does not break easily when the force from the deformation is applied. The TD tooth spacing between the teeth must be large enough to allow the material to flex around the anterior and posterior edges, LE and TE, respectively, of the teeth. If the TD is too small, the material closes the gap between the teeth and the magnitude of densiflation is less. The optimal pitch of the teeth 100 depends on the thickness of the precursor material 10 and is typically approximately twice the thickness of the

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Ό / frame 10. If step P is too small, material 10 remains quite dense after several passes. IF the pitch P is too large, the spacing CD between the teeth 100 after the engagement of the rollers is greater than the thickness of the weft 10, and the teeth 100 will not create sufficient shear between the weft layers, which which is required to selectively break hydrogen bonds.

Figure 20 is an even enlarged view of several teeth 100 and grooves 108 interlocked with a web 10 of material therebetween. As shown, a portion of a weft 10, which may be the precursor weft as shown in Figure 1, is received between the teeth 100 and the interlocked grooves 108 of the respective rollers. The interlocking of the teeth 100 and the grooves 108 of the rollers allows the laterally spaced portions 12 of the weft 10 to be pressed by the teeth 100 into the opposite grooves 108. During passage between the forming rollers, the weft flexes around of the teeth 100, which induces shear forces in the weft that originate the selective rupture, as well as the preservation of the hydrogen bonds and the unraveling of the fibers. As shown in Figure 20, the teeth 100 do not penetrate the thickness of the precursor web 10. (However, in other embodiments, for example, when the rollers are rotated at different speeds, the teeth may penetrate the thickness of the precursor frame 10.) The teeth described in the present disclosure have a tip radius TR smaller than the male elements of typical engraving processes, to ensure that the compaction magnitude of material 10 is minimized as the material flexes on teeth 100. Furthermore, unlike engraving, the distance between the teeth, or the smaller distance D between the tips of the teeth 100 of the tooling described in the present description, may be less than the thickness of the weft 10 to induce shear forces. additional in the plot. This results in a

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greater magnitude of material densification because hydrogen bonds not only break on the external surfaces of the weft, but can also be broken inside the external surfaces of the weft. Furthermore, the forces of the teeth 100 pressing the weft 10 into the opposite grooves 108 impose tensile stresses inside the weft 10 that act in the transverse direction of the weft. Tensile stresses can cause intermediate weft sections 12 lying in between and spanning the spaces between the tips of adjacent teeth 100 to stretch or extend in a transverse direction to the weft, which can further cause the breakdown of hydrogen bonds between the fibers and the unraveling of the fibers. Tensile stresses are undesirable because they do not selectively break hydrogen bonds; rather, hydrogen bonds can be broken across the entire thickness of the frame and in an uncontrolled manner. Therefore, unlike previous applications of SELFing technology, the coupling depth E of the rollers is kept low to minimize the tensile stresses exerted on the frame 10. If the tensile stresses become too great, the weft becomes very weak, fractures, and becomes difficult to process. It also does not perform well during use because it breaks the continuity of the fibrous matrix.

Due to the localized stretching in the transverse direction of the weft 10 that takes place, with the consequent increase in the width of the weft, the weft material that exits from the forming rollers may have a lower basis weight than the incoming weft material, always that the protruding material remains in a practically flat and laterally extended state. The obtained modified pattern can have a pattern width that can vary from about 100% to about 150% of the initial pattern width, and a basis weight less than or equal to the original pattern basis weight.

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To manufacture an absorbent member 20, such as that shown in Figure 2, from a precursor web having a basis weight in the range of about 200 to 700 g / m2, teeth 100 may have a length TL ranging from about 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) or less to about 10 mm (0.400 inch) and a spacing TD from about 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) to about 10 mm (0.400 inch), a TH tooth height that varies from about 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) to about 10 mm (0.400 inch), a tooth tip radius TR ranging from about 0.05 mm (0.002 inch) to about 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) and a pitch P between about 1 mm (0.040 inch) and 10 mm (0.400 inch). The coupling depth E can be from about -1 mm (0.040 inch) to about 5 mm (0.200 inch) (up to a maximum close to the tooth height TH). In fact, Ε, P, TH, TD, TL, and TR can be independently varied to achieve the desired properties in the absorbent member. In an embodiment of a roll useful for manufacturing an absorbent member, such as that shown in Figure 2, teeth 100 have a uniform circumferential length dimension TL of approximately 2 mm (0.080 inches) measured, generally from the leading edge LE to trailing edge TE, a tooth tip radius TR at the tooth tip of approximately 0.13 mm (0.005 inch), they are evenly and circumferentially spaced from each other by a distance TD of approximately 2 mm (0.080 inch), have a tooth height TH of 3.5 mm (0.138 inch), have a tooth side wall angle of approximately 8.5 degrees (measured from the base of the tooth to near the tip of the tooth, before the radius is formed) and have a pitch of approximately 2 mm (0.080 inches). The distance between the teeth of the coupling rollers

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INDUSTRIAL varies linearly with the depth of coupling. For this mode / the distance of the teeth for non-interlocking rollers at a coupling depth of 0.25 mm (-0.010 inches) is 0.86 mm (0.034 inches) and the distance for interlocking rollers at a coupling depth of 0.38 mm (0.015 inches) is 0.74 mm (0.029 inches).

The process used herein differs from the Procter & Gamble SELF process in a number of respects. One difference is that the weft materials described in the present disclosure are typically not formed in structures provided with rib-shaped elements and elastic-like properties. Rather, the SELF process is used in the present context to mechanically deform the precursor weft material 10 and induce shear forces in localized areas 12 between the teeth 100 of the forming structures, in order to flex the weft 10 and selectively break the hydrogen bonds to reduce the density and increase the flexibility of the precursor screen material. Another difference is that, in the case of some roll configurations used in the present invention, the thickness of the weft can be practically greater than the DOE of the present process.

Previously, it was believed that a DOE less than the frame thickness 10 would not be effective. However, in the processes described in the present description, the DOE can be negative or less than the frame thickness. (However, in the case of some roller configurations, such as pin rollers, the depth of engagement may be greater than the thickness of the frame because those forming elements provide more distance between adjacent elements, and for these elements to produce the desired shear and flex of the precursor web, a higher DOE is required.) The first two examples in the table below represent typical configurations for previous SELFing applications.

I saw FI and show that the thickness to DOE ratio is typically much less than the third and fourth examples in the table below represent examples of coníigúraorTcJe 'the current processes and show that the thickness to DOE ratio is typically equal to or greater than 1. For negative DOE values, the thickness to DOE ratio is obtained by dividing the thickness by the absolute DOE value.

<td>Material</td><td>Material thickness (mm / inches)</td><td>DOE (mm / inch)</td><td>Thickness to DOE ratio</td>

<td>Yarn Bonded Non Woven Fabric</td><td> 0.51/0.020</td><td> 2.3/0.090</td><td> 0.22</td>

<td>Dry fabric 200 g / m2</td><td> 0.51/0.020</td><td> 0.38/0.015</td><td> 1.3</td>

<td>Dry fabric 680 g / m2</td><td> 1.5/0.060</td><td> 0.025/0.001</td><td> 60</td>

Numerous variations of the process described in the present description are possible. The processes described in the present disclosure can be configured and controlled to flex the precursor material 10 locally in opposite directions and at the same location across the entire weft surface as the weft passes from one grip line to another. The apparatus can further be configured and controlled to locally flex the precursor material 10 at different locations across the entire weft surface as the weft passes from one grip line to another. It is desirable that the rollers be patterned and arranged so that before the process leaves the precursor material deforms in as many different places on the surface as possible, and so that this is accomplished with the least amount of bumping and / or with the smallest process footprint. The rollers can have staggered or standard patterns. The rollers can be aligned or misaligned with each other on the MD and / or CD. All rollers can have the same SELF pattern on them, or the pattern of the rollers and / or the

DOE can vary between rollers (that is, for each pass through a grip line).

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The desired DOE for each pass depends on the gauge of the precursor material in each pass. An example of an apparatus that maximizes the densification of material 10 in a small process footprint is shown in Figure 21. As shown in Figure 21, the apparatus includes staggered rollers 100 arranged in a hybrid arrangement, so that there are several groups of three to four nested rollers 112 that are offset from each other on the CD.

In the manufacturing process of an absorbent article, the apparatus for densifying the precursor material can be provided at any suitable location or stage. In some embodiments, the method can serve as a pre-processing step before feeding the precursor material into a hammer mill to reduce the energy required to defibrillate the material in the hammer mill. In other embodiments, instead of a hammer mill, the method and apparatus may be provided at a location remote from a absorbent article manufacturing line, such as at the location previously occupied by the hammer mill. In still other embodiments, instead of being at a location away from the absorbent article manufacturing line, the apparatus for de-drying the dry fabric may be located as an operating unit at, or near, the start (or some other convenient location). of an absorbent article manufacturing line, in order to prepare a complete absorbent member that is ready for use in an absorbent article that is being manufactured on the line.

It may be desirable to match the width of the roll of the precursor material to the width or length of the absorbent core or other desired structure to be formed, so that the roll of the absorbent member material can be conveniently cut into individual cores.

Therefore, unlike the engraving apparatus they employ

male elements on one surface and female elements on an opposite surface, into which the male elements fit, the process described above can use an apparatus having male elements on opposite surfaces. Furthermore, in the present process the distance between the elements may be less than the thickness of the weft. This can be used to apply higher shear forces to the weft (unlike appliances that require the distance between the elements to be greater than or equal to that of the weft being processed). The process described in this description may not only be able to break weak hydrogen bonds on the surface of the precursor material to smooth the surface of the precursor material, but can also selectively break the strongest hydrogen bonds and bonds in the inside the material, and significantly densify and weaken the weft. Furthermore, it can be used to significantly increase the caliber (measured under load) of the precursor web. In certain areas the structure of the precursor frame can be preserved to achieve resistance, while in other areas the hydrogen bonds can be broken to achieve uptake.

B. Method for manufacturing densified absorbent members on one side.

In the methods of manufacturing one side densified absorbent members, the precursor web 10 is subjected to multiple passes through a gripping line formed between rollers having different forming elements thereon and opposing rollers having a relatively smoother surface pattern.

Figure 22 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a side densified absorbent member such as that shown in Figure 5. In this embodiment, the apparatus provides a plurality of grip lines N between rollers having forming elements in them and opposite rollers that have a

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relatively smoother surface pattern. Figure 22 shows a nested roller apparatus in which rollers 114 on a first side 10A of precursor web 10 have forming elements therein and rollers 116 on second side 10B of precursor web 10 have a relatively surface pattern smoother. In the embodiment shown, each roller 116 having a relatively smoother surface pattern forms a grip line N with two rollers 114 having forming elements therein.

In that embodiment, rollers 114 having forming elements therein may comprise any suitable type of roller having distinct forming elements therein, including, but not limited to, any of the SELF roller and RKA roller configurations described above in in conjunction with the two-sided densified absorbent member manufacturing method.

The rollers 116 with the relatively smooth surface may comprise any suitable type of roller that has a smoother surface than that of the roller that has forming elements thereon. Rollers 116 with a relatively smooth surface include, but are not limited to: flat anvil rollers, annular rollers (in which the corrugations and grooves are oriented on the MD or CD), or other SELF roller of the same pattern or different from of the roller that has forming elements in it. In cases where the rollers 116 with the relatively smooth surface comprise an annular roller or a SELF roller, that roller could have elements in it with a smaller pitch than that of the roller that has forming elements in it or with a radius of larger tip. In cases where the rollers 116 with the relatively smooth surface comprise a SELF roller, that roller could have elements in it with the longest teeth and / or with a smaller MD spacing between the

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INDUSTRIAL teeth to more closely resemble annular rollers.

In two non-limiting examples, the grip line N could be formed by a SELF roll and a flat anvil roll, or a SELF roll and an annular roll. The combination of a SELF roller and a flat anvil results in less overall densification, a higher maximum internal density, and a higher external density of the precursor web surface that is passed through the grip line N against the anvil roller. The combination of a SELF roller and a minor pitch annular roller results in a change in the location of the maximum internal density of the absorbent member 20, but the maximum internal density is lower and the external surfaces of the absorbent member 20 become more densensified ( compared to the combination of a SELF roller and an anvil roller).

In this method, the forming elements in that first forming member, the rollers 114 having forming elements therein, penetrate into the first surface 10A of that precursor weave material 10 but only partially into the thickness of the precursor weave material, and the second surface 10B of that precursor weft material is in contact with the surface of the second roller, rollers 116 with the relatively smooth surface.

C. Method for manufacturing redensified / compacted absorbent members.

The method of manufacturing a densified / compacted absorbent member first involves densifying a precursor weave material 10 by one of the methods described above to form densified absorbent members on one or two sides. The densified absorbent material is then compacted. Absorbent material

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PROPERTY \ * and INDUSTRIAL densified can be compacted in any suitable way. The densified absorbent material can be compacted over its entire surface or in selected areas / regions in the XY plane.

Figure 23 shows a non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a compact / compacted absorbent member 20 such as that shown in Figure 7. As shown in Figure 23, the apparatus may comprise a nested roll arrangement 120. similar to that shown in Figure 15B or Figure 22. Once the precursor web 10 passes through the nested roll arrangement 120, it is fed into an additional compaction station 122, which may comprise a pair of rolls that form a grip line therebetween. Options for forming structures in this compaction station 122 include the following combinations: flat anvil on flat anvil (to compact all); patterned roller on flat anvil (to compact selected areas); patterned roll on patterned roll (to compact selected areas). In the densification / compaction process, the patterned roller (such as an annular roller) must have regions that are relatively smoother than the surfaces of the forming members used in the densification step.

D, Method for manufacturing three-dimensional absorbent members.

The method of making a three-dimensional absorbent member involves subjecting the precursor web to a process to form a three-dimensional structure in the precursor web before and / or after it has been densified as described in sections HA or B above. Therefore, the method of manufacturing a three-dimensional absorbent member may first involve densifying a material.

precursor weft, for example, by using one of the apparatuses described above to form the densified structures on one or two sides The densified absorbent material is then subjected to a mechanical deformation step by using forming members having elements trainers in them, which have a greater MD and / or CD spacing between them than the forming elements used in the previous stages and a greater coupling depth. The densified absorbent material can be subjected to an additional stage of mechanical deformation in any suitable way. Alternatively, the precursor weft material could first undergo a mechanical deformation step by using forming members having forming elements therein, which have a greater MD and / or CD spacing therebetween and a greater depth of engagement, and then densified by using one of the approaches described above.

Figure 24 shows a non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional absorbent member, such as those shown in Figure 8. As shown in Figure 24, the apparatus may comprise a nested roll arrangement 120 similar to that shown in Figure 15B or Figure

22. Before the precursor web 10 passes through the nested roller array 120, it is fed into a three-dimensional forming station 124, which may comprise a pair of rollers that form a grip line therebetween. In alternative embodiments, the precursor web 10 can be passed through the nested roll array 120 and then fed into a three-dimensional forming station 124. An apparatus for performing this post process would be similar to the apparatus shown in Figure 23, where the compactor station 122 is replaced by a three-dimensional forming station 124.

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INDUSTRIAL

The three-dimensional forming station 124 may comprise any suitable combination of forming members that are capable of imparting a three-dimensional texture to the precursor screen 10. At least one of the forming members, to be called a three-dimensional forming member, must have male elements therein, with one step greater than the step of the elements used for the densification. Various examples of three-dimensional forming rolls are described below. The direction of the corrugations or teeth on the opposite roller must be the same as on the three-dimensional forming roller. The depth of coupling of the three-dimensional forming roll elements with the opposing roll forming elements is typically at least 1 mm (0.04 inch). Any roller that meets the above requirements can be used as the opposite roll. For example, the opposite roll may be an annular roll or a SELF roll.

Figure 25 is a non-limiting example of a three-dimensional forming roll 126 for the precursor web forming step 10 in a three-dimensional absorbent member. As shown in Figure 25, the forming roll 126 comprises a larger pitch CD SELF roll, in which the teeth 128 are oriented in the machine direction and staggered. In the embodiment shown in Figure 25, the tips 130 of the teeth 128 are concave. Figure 26 shows another example of a forming member 132 for the forming step of the precursor web 10 in a three-dimensional absorbent member. As shown in Figure 26, forming member 132 comprises an MD SELF roller on which teeth 134 are oriented on the CD and staggered. Roll 132 has spaced channels 136 formed therein, which are oriented around the circumference of the roll. Examples of dimensions and DOE of suitable forming elements (or teeth) for the rollers shown in Figures 25 and 26 are provided below.

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INSTITUTE M-.X.'CAN <) ¥ '>

OF THE PRO? IOAD V ^ · --- t;ÜINDUJTRÍAL Xic-ji »» - « 1 Opposite ring roll or SELF roll formers can have the same pitch as the * rolls described below. ""

<td></td><td>SELF large pitch</td><td>MDSELF</td>

<td>Pattern</td><td>Staggered</td><td>Staggered</td>

<td>He passed</td><td> 200</td><td> 185</td>

<td>Tooth length</td><td>3 mm (0.118 inch)</td><td>6.4 mm (0.250 inch)</td>

<td>Tooth spacing</td><td>8.3 mm (0.328 inch)</td><td>6.4 mm (0.250 inch)</td>

<td>Tip radius</td><td>0.25 mm (0.010 inch)</td><td>0.25 mm (0.010 inch)</td>

<td>Tip shaping</td><td>Concave</td><td>Flat</td>

<td>DOE for 3D samples</td><td>2.7 mm (0.105 inch)</td><td>2.3 mm (0.090 inch)</td>

E, Method for making perforated absorbent members.

The method of making a perforated absorbent member involves piercing a precursor weave material before and / or after densifying the precursor weave material, for example, by using one of the approaches described above for the formation of densified structures in one and two sides. Therefore, the apparatus for making a perforated absorbent member can use a roller arrangement similar to that shown in Figures 23 or 24, for example. However, the additional gripping station or line comprises a piercing forming member.

The precursor web 10 can be punctured in any suitable way. Any perforation process known in the art can be used, including, but not limited to: RKA rollers or high DOE SELF rollers, in which the DOE is greater than the thickness of the weft to create the perforations. The precursor web 10 can be perforated over its entire surface or in regions.

Figure 27 shows a non-limiting example of a drilling station 140 for the precursor weft forming stage 10 in a member

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OF THE PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL perforated absorbent. As shown in Figure 27, the drilling station 140 comprises a pair of interlocking and counter-rotating rollers, where the upper roller 142 is an annular roller and the lower roller 144 is a rotary knife perforating roller (or "RKA", for its initials in English). As shown in Figure 27, the top annular roller 142 comprises circumferentially extending corrugations 146 and grooves 148. Lower roller 144 comprises alternating rows of teeth 150 and grooves 152 that extend circumferentially. Teeth 150 are attached to the bottom roller at their bases. The teeth 150 taper from their base to their tip and the base of the teeth has a length dimension of the cross section greater than a width dimension of the cross section. Typically, the perforations are formed in the weft material 10 as the teeth of the RKA roller interlock with the grooves of the annular roller 142. The RKA rollers are described in greater detail in US Patent Application Publication. USA

no. 2006/0087053 A1.

F. Method for making absorbent members having XY regions with different densities.

one. The entire absorbent member has a density profile

In some embodiments, the entire absorbent member may have a density profile and the absorbent member may have different regions in the XY plane with different densities and / or different density profiles. A method of manufacturing an absorbent member having XY regions with different densities and / or density profiles is similar to the method of manufacturing a redensified / compacted absorbent member. To make an absorbent member having XY regions

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At different densities, after densifying the absorbent material, the densified absorbent material compacts only in certain areas / regions of the XY plane.

Figure 28 shows a non-limiting example of a forming member 160 for the forming stage of the precursor web 10 in an absorbent member with a different density profile and regions in the XY plane, with different densities and / or different density profiles. As shown in Figure 28, the forming member 160 comprises a roller having a region 162 therein to compact the densified absorbent material only in certain areas / regions of the XY plane. The region 162 of the roller 160 may be provided with any of the properties described above in conjunction with the preparation of a redensified / compacted absorbent member.

Various alternative methods can be used to produce an absorbent member having XY regions with different densities and / or density profiles. Other alternative processes to produce that structure include varying the depth of coupling (DOE), the tooth geometry (TL, TD, TR), the pitch or the amount of blows for a specific region, so that the region is more or less densified than the other regions of the absorbent member. Still other alternative methods of producing an absorbent member having XY regions with different densities and / or density profiles may involve densifying the precursor material by using a combination of approaches, such as the densification step described in sections ΙΑ or B above, plus the “regional densification” process described in F2 below.

2. Absorbing members with "regional densification".

The method of making an absorbent member with densification

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Regional INDUSTRIAL may be similar to the methods for densifying the precursor frame as described in sections IIA or B above. To make an absorbent member with regional densification, the precursor web is densified only in certain areas / regions of the XY plane. This can be accomplished by providing selected portions of the forming structures that are free of forming elements, so as to leave a portion or portions of the precursor web material in its original state. The portions of the forming structure that are free of forming elements can be practically smooth. These portions of the forming structures can be arranged to align with one or more portions of the precursor frame.

Figure 29 shows a non-limiting example of a forming structure for the forming step of the precursor web in an absorbent member with regional densification. As shown in Figure 29, forming structure 170 comprises two pairs of counter-rotating rollers 172 and 174 spaced apart from one another that rotate about the same axes. The rollers can comprise any of the types of roller described in the present description to densify the precursor web. When the precursor web is fed into grip line N between pairs of rollers 172 and 174, portions of the precursor web (eg, along the longitudinal side regions of the web) in contact with the rollers are de-densified 172 and 174, while the central region of the weft that is in the space 176 between the rollers is not densified. In other embodiments, the arrangement of the forming structure shown in Figure 29 can be varied to densify any suitable region or regions of the precursor frame.

G. Alternative modalities and combinations.

IMPIfs

The methods described herein can be used for various purposes. Those purposes can range from serving as a pre-processing step before feeding the precursor material into a hammer mill to reduce the energy required to defibrillate the material in the hammer mill, to serving as a unit operation on a manufacturing line. absorbent articles, in order to prepare a complete absorbent element that is ready to use in an absorbent article that is being manufactured on the line.

Numerous alternative modalities and combinations of the above methods are possible. For example, a precursor frame can be fed any number of times in the apparatuses described herein, and after that, the frame can be fed any number of times in other apparatuses. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, more than one absorbent member can be combined to form yet other absorbent structures, and these absorbent structures can be powered together in any of the apparatus described in the present disclosure. In a non-limiting example, a precursor frame can be fed in 20 passes of regional densification followed by five passes of total densification. The weft can then be combined with a densified second layer and perforations in one region can be formed through both layers.

I

III. Examples.

Table 1 - Dry cloth precursor materials

<td></td><td>680 gsm dry cloth2</td><td>300g / m dry cloth2</td>

<td>Average density (g / cc)</td><td> 0.51</td><td> 0.44</td>

<td>Maximum place (%)</td><td> 77</td><td> 91</td>

<td>Average maximum density (g / cc)</td><td> 0.54</td><td> 0.47</td>

<td>Minimum place (%)</td><td> 95</td><td> 7</td>

<td>Average minimum density (g / cc)</td><td> 0.49</td><td> 0.42</td>

<td>Density averages ratio -maximum / minimum</td><td> 1.1</td><td> 1.1</td>

<td>Density-maximum / external ratio averages 5-15%</td><td> 1.1</td><td> 1.1</td>

<td>Density averages ratio -maximum / external 85-95%</td><td> 1.1</td><td> 1.0</td>

<td>Flexural strength (N)</td><td> 81.0</td><td> 28.1</td>

<td>Maximum traction CD (N)</td><td> 320.6</td><td> 111.6</td>

<td>Maximum traction MD (N)</td><td> 395.1</td><td> 175.7</td>

Table 2 below shows the gauge increase of various dry fabric samples after 30 passes between gripping lines formed between a step 80 SELF step roller and another step 80 step SELF roller of the type shown in Figures 16 and 17, at a coupling depth of 0 mm (0.000 inches) and a line speed of 15 meters / minute (50 feet per minute). When a number is given, such as "80" to describe the pitch, this refers to the amount in thousandths of an inch. Step 80 SELF step rollers have a diameter of 14.5cm (5.7 inches), a uniform circumferential length dimension TL of approximately 2mm (0.080 inches) measured, generally from leading edge LE to trailing edge TE, a radius of tooth tip TR at the tooth tip of approximately 0.13mm (0.005 inch), are spaced

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INDUSTRIAL circumferentially with each other uniformly by a distance TD of approximately 2 mm (0.080 inch), they have a tooth height TH of approximately 3.5 mm (0.138 inch), they have a side wall angle of the tooth of approximately 8.5 degrees and a have a pitch of about 2 mm (0.080 inch). The SELF rollers are aligned on the CD so that the distances on each side of the teeth are approximately equal. The distance between the mating roller teeth varies linearly with the mating depth, from a distance of 0.86 mm (0.034 inch) to a mating depth of -0.25 mm (0.010 inch) to a distance of 0.74 mm (0.029 inch) at a coupling depth of 0.38 mm (0.015 inch). The rollers have a stepped tooth pattern and are square (versus rounded) in the anterior and posterior edges of the teeth, as shown in Figure 18.

Table 2 - Increase in the caliber of dry fabric samples of various tear strengths

<td></td><td>GP 4821 Treated</td><td>Bio FluffTDR cakes</td><td>GP 4825 Semi-Treated</td><td>BoWater Coos Absorb SE</td><td>GP 4800 untreated</td>

<td>Precursor material Tear strength (kPa)</td><td> 416</td><td> 599</td><td> 630</td><td> 1143</td><td> 1549</td>

<td>Average base gauge (mm; n = 3)</td><td> 1.50</td><td> 1.80</td><td> 1.50</td><td> 1.72</td><td> 1.40</td>

<td>Post SELFing average base gauge (mm; n = 9)</td><td> 4.50</td><td> 4.14</td><td> 3.70</td><td> 2.86</td><td> 2.81</td>

<td>Gauge Increment (mm)</td><td> 3.00</td><td> 2.34</td><td> 2.20</td><td> 1.14</td><td> 1.41</td>

Table 3 below indicates the properties of various dry fabric samples after 30 passes between gripping lines formed between a roll.

Step 80 SELF step and other step 80 SELF step roller of the type that

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shown in Figures 16 and 17, at the specified coupling depths (DOE) and a line speed of 15 m / minute (50 ft per minute). The same step 80 SELF step rollers used to produce the examples in Table 2 (described above) are used.

Table 3 - Densified absorbent members on two sides

<td></td><td>Base weight of target material (g / m2)</td><td>No. of passes</td><td>DOE (mm / inch)</td><td>Average density (g / cc)</td><td>Maximum place (%)</td><td>Average maximum density (g / cc)</td><td>Minimum place (%)</td><td>Average minimum density (g / cc)</td><td>Density averages ratio -maximum / minimum</td><td>Density-maximum / external ratio averages 5-15%</td><td>Density averages ratio -maximum / external 85-95%</td><td>Flexural strength (N)</td><td>Maximum traction MD (N)</td>

Table 4 below indicates the properties of various dry fabric samples after the specified number of passes between roller-formed gripping lines having the specified configurations and at the specified depth of engagement (DOE) and a line speed of 15m / minute (50 feet per minute). All of the rollers used to produce the materials have similar diameters of approximately 14.5 cm (5.7 inches). The same step 80 SELF step rollers used to produce the examples in Table 2 (described above) are used. The anvil roll has a smooth surface. Ring pitch roll 40 has continuous corrugations and grooves similar to those of the top roll (roll 142) shown in Figure 27. The pitch ring roller 40 has a tooth height TH of approximately 0.20 cm (0.080 inch) and a tooth tip radius TR at the tooth tip of approximately 0.01 Ocm (0.004 inch). The stepped SELF step roller 80 is aligned with the pitch ring roller 40, so that between each row of SELF teeth there are two teeth of the ring roll. The stepped SELF step roller 80 and the annular pitch roll 40 are aligned on the CD so that the distances to both sides of the SELF teeth on the step roll 80 are approximately equal.

Table 4 - Absorbent members drilled on one side

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<td></td><td>Example 10</td><td>Example 11</td><td>Example 12</td><td>Example 13</td>

<td>Target precursor material Basis weight (g / m2)</td><td> 300</td><td> 300</td><td> 500</td><td> 400</td>

<td>Tooling configuration</td><td>SELF stepped step 80 against smooth anvil</td><td>SELF stepped step 80 against annular roll step 40</td><td>SELF stepped step 80 against annular roll step 40</td><td>SELF stepped step 80 against annular roll step 40</td>

<td>No. of passes</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 30</td><td> 28</td>

<td>Average density (g / cc)</td><td> 0.42</td><td> 0.15</td><td> 0.46</td><td> 0.26</td>

<td>Maximum place (%)</td><td> 85</td><td> 80</td><td> 64</td><td> 75</td>

<td>Average maximum density (g / cc)</td><td> 0.58</td><td> 0.22</td><td> 0.61</td><td> 0.49</td>

<td>Minimum place (%)</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td>

<td>Average minimum density (g / cc)</td><td> 0.16</td><td> 0.077</td><td> 0.15</td><td> 0.078</td>

<td>Density averages ratio -maximum / minimum</td><td> 3.5</td><td> 2.9</td><td> 4.0</td><td> 6.3</td>

<td>Density-maximum / external ratio averages 5-15%</td><td> 3.5</td><td> 2.9</td><td> 4.0</td><td> 6.3</td>

<td>Density averages ratio -maximum / external 85-95%</td><td> 1.0</td><td> 1.5</td><td> 1.2</td><td> 1.7</td>

<td>Flexural strength (N)</td><td> 5.3</td><td> 1.2</td><td> 18.9</td><td> 5.9</td>

<td>Maximum traction MD (N)</td><td> 70.5</td><td> 7.8</td><td> 122.0</td><td> 28.0</td>

Table 5 shows the difference in caliber and flexibility of a compacted two-sided de-floated structure compared to a non-compacted, two-sided deframed structure. The compacted structure is thinner than the non-compacted structure, while maintaining similar flexibility. Example 14 is produced by passing 500 g / m samples 30 times2 of dry fabric through a grip line formed between a step 80 SELF step roller and another step 80 SELF step roller of the type shown in Figures 16 and 17, at a coupling depth of 0.013 cm (0.005 inch ) and a line speed of 15m / mlnuto (50 feet per minute). The same SELF rollers are used

IMPI

INSTITUTO Mexican DE LA PROP1ED / .D 1NDUSTWZ.L step 80 steps used to produce the examples in Table 2 (described above). Example 15 is densified in the same way as Example 14, and then compacted in its entirety by using a flat metal plate and a die press.

Table 5 - Compacted absorbent structures

<td></td><td>Target base weight (g / m2)</td><td>Mechanical treatment</td><td>Caliber average (mm)</td><td>Flexibility average (N)</td>

<td>Example 14</td><td> 500</td><td>30 SELF passes in SELF step 80 to 0.127 mm (0.005 inch) DOE (without compaction)</td><td> 3.25</td><td> 4.8</td>

<td>Example 15</td><td> 500</td><td>30 SELF passes in SELF step 80 to 0.127 mm (0.005 inch) DOE, followed by compaction</td><td> 2.20</td><td> 5.5</td>

Table 6 shows an example in which a densified and compacted absorbent member is thinner and more flexible than a processed absorbent member with fewer passes. Example 16 is produced using the same tooling and settings as in Example 14 above, but with only 17 passes through the grip line. Example 17 is produced in exactly the same way as Example 15 above.

Table 6 - Compaction vs. less past

<td>Option</td><td>Target base weight of precursor material (g / m2)</td><td>Mechanical treatment</td><td>Caliber average (mm)</td><td>Flexibility average (N)</td>

<td>Example 16</td><td> 500</td><td>17 SELF passes in SELF step 80 to 0.127 mm (0.005 inch) DOE</td><td> 2.47</td><td> 11.5</td>

<td>Example 17</td><td> 500</td><td>30 SELF passes in SELF step 80 to 0.127 mm (0.005 inch) DOE, followed by compaction</td><td> 2.20</td><td> 5.5</td>

T

IV. Test methods.

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A i '»·!

A. Microcomputerized Tomography Analysis of Absorbent Members for-.........

determine the density

Microcomputerized tomography (mCT) is used to quantitatively and non-invasively measure the density profile throughout the thickness of the absorbent member.

Sweep protocol

A disposable absorbent article is removed from its packaging and placed flat, taking care not to alter the material of the absorbent member. Discs of the 13.3 mm diameter specimen are cut with curved-nose scissors from the center, and across the entire thickness, of the area of the disposable absorbent article to be tested. Preferably, the specimen is chosen in an area free of engravings and perforations. The portion of the specimen to be analyzed should only include the unitary absorbent member as defined in the specification. If it can be done in a way that does not interrupt the thickness or density of the specimen portion to be analyzed, prior to scanning the specimen portion to be analyzed can be physically removed from the specimen. Otherwise, the entire specimen is scanned and any additional material that is not part of the portion of the specimen to be analyzed must be digitally removed from the slices in step 2 below.

Images of the specimen or specimen portion, in the present invention called sample, are obtained using a microcomputerized tomography system (pCT 40, ID # 4286, Scanco Medical AG) or an equivalent instrument.

In order to locate the sample for the sweep, a short and made sample tube is used. ? - | -.5-! TJTO MEXICANO;> <

Γ = THE PRO-iSO, '.?

INDUSTRIAL «U-measure, with a length of 30 mm and an internal diameter of 13.3 mm. To hold the sample away from the bottom of the sample tube to avoid any attenuation interference from the bottom of the plastic tube, a suitable material separator 2 mm thick is used, with low X-ray attenuation (for example, foam polystyrene). The sample is mounted horizontally with the top of the sample exposed to air, with no contact from other materials. The 3-D isotropic scanning image acquisition parameters are high resolution (1000 projections), X-ray tube configured for a current of 180 pA and a maximum energy of 35 kVp, an integration time of 300 milliseconds and an average of frames set to 10. Horizontal cuts are acquired with a cut increment of 8 pm over the entire thickness of the sample. Each slice consisting of 2000 projections (1000 projections / 180 degrees) is used to reconstruct a computed tomography image on a 2048 x 2048 pixel matrix, with a pixel resolution of 8 pm. To eliminate edge effects, only the 7.2mm X 7.2mm center square area of each cut is used for subsequent analysis.

Image analysis

If the portion of the unitary absorbent member is physically removed from the specimen prior to insertion into the specimen tube, then the central square 7.2 x 7.2 mm portion of the unitary absorbent member of the specimen tube is imaged as further described. down. If the entire sample is inserted into the specimen tube, then the 7.2 x 7.2 mm square central portion of the unit absorbent portion of the specimen is imaged as described below. In either case, the central square portion of 7.2 x

7.2 mm is referred to in this portion of interest or POI.

Site

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SAY THE PO / RDAD

IMDÍÍSTKML

The goal of image analysis is to quantitatively measure the density distribution across the entire thickness of the POI and to verify the uniformity of the POI by using the following results:

• Density distribution over the entire POI thickness (used to quantify the POI density profile) • Average thickness for the entire POI and the 4 quadrants of the POI (used in the acceptance criteria to verify the uniformity of the sample described below)

Acceptance criteria: For a POI to be acceptable, it must have a uniform thickness (that is, the average thickness of each quadrant within the POI must be within 50% of the average thickness of the entire POI), as defined in step 12 below.

Image analysis procedure: After collecting the 3-D microcomputerized tomography data in an ISO file (the proprietary format of the Scanco Medical microcomputerized tomography scanner), the data is transferred to a Mac Pro workstation running RedHat 4 Linux or an equivalent computer system. Data analysis is performed using Matlab 7.6.0.324 and Avizo 6.1 or equivalent software. The following steps apply to the 3-D data set:

one. The ISQ file is converted from 16 bits to an 8 bit stack of TIFF images by using a scale factor of 0.05 and an offset of 0. Each image within the stack is cropped so that only the portion remains 7.2mm x 7.2mm center square image.

2. Each stage 1 TIFF image stack is examined using Avizo (VSG, Burlington, Mass.), A high-end software application

range with 3-D display. The AVIZO VolumeEdit function removes any unwanted noise or artifact from the measured data set.

Note: The editing stage ensures that the data associated with the POI is accurate and that extraneous data has been removed. This editing step must be done carefully, or it may lead to incorrect identification of the POI. Any additional materials that are used to hold the sample or that are not part of the POI must be digitally removed from the cuts by trimming those foreign regions so that they are not included in the analysis.

3. The cleaned data is saved in AVIZO as an avw file in

3-D.

Four. The 3-D sample created in stage 3 is divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant has the same Z dimension as the original sample, but the X / Y dimensions are divided by 2. For example, a sample whose original dimensions were 1000 x 1000 x 500 (X by Y by Z) pixels would be divided into four quadrants. , each with dimensions of 500 x 500 x 500 pixels. Each quadrant as well as the original dataset is analyzed identically as described in the following steps.

5. A threshold is chosen to separate the fibers from the bottom. This is chosen by using an automated method in Matlab (Otso's method). In all subsequent sweeps of absorbent members of similar material the same threshold should be used. Note: the correct choice of threshold is an important variable to determine a

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INSTITUTE, ΜϋΧΚΛΝΟ OF THE PROPERTY

Correct POI. An inspection must be carried out 'VrSíJáfLA check to determine that this optimal threshold stops Fiber Hiccup.

6. Then depth maps of the top and bottom surfaces are created. A depth map is a 2-D image in which the gray level value represents the distance from the top of the POI to the surface of the layer.

7. These depth images are then subjected to median filtering by using 5 iterations of an 11x11 median filter to remove spurious fibers. These depth images are then converted back to coordinates in 3D space and serve as the top and bottom surfaces of the absorbent member.

Note: Increased / decreased median filtering allows more fibers to be included and increases the size of the POI. In one study, the magnitude of the median filtering should not change and the POI obtained should be visually inspected after analysis.

8. The thickness of the POI is calculated by subtracting the top and bottom depth maps. An average of the nonzero values of this subtraction provides the average thickness of the POI.

9. Starting from the top surface, the density is normalized to 0 100%, where the percentages represent the location in the Z direction throughout the thickness of the frame (0% - top surface, 100% bottom surface). The gray level value is recorded at each intermediate percentage point. This is repeated for all points in the POI.

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INDUSTRIAL

10. The absorbent member data is converted to a 3-D volume that has the same X / Y dimensions as the original data Ids, but the Z dimension is now 100, reflecting the percentage of the sample.

eleven. A histogram of the average of all gray levels is created at 1%, 2%, 3%, ... 100%. A .csv file is created and sent to

Excel.

12. To determine if the thickness of the POI is uniform, it must be verified that the average thickness of each of the 4 quadrants, determined in step 8, is within 50% of the average thickness determined for the entire POI. If the difference of one or more quadrants is> 50%, then a new specimen should be selected and analyzed.

Density calibration

To calibrate the relationship between the gray level output data of the

Step 11 At the corresponding density values, a small calibration study is performed using standard foams with known densities. The density of the calibration samples is determined by stamping a cube and measuring the length (L), width (W) and height (H) of the sample using the caliber method defined below, measuring the weight of the sample to the nearest hundredth of a gram with a calibrated balance, and then divide the weight of the sample by the volume (L x W x H). After measurement of the calibration samples by microcomputerized tomography, the known density values of the calibration samples are correlated with the average gray level values by using the same scan parameters used in this study.

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INSTITUTO MÍX! CV <O

FROM THE ÍKOKSCAO Κ ^ Βζτί ^ ίΛ ^

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Using the same protocol described above, six commercially available, non-metallic, homogeneous foam calibration samples are measured, each having a different density and made from a polymeric material. Calibration samples and test specimens practically consist of elements selected from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, and combinations thereof. The foam samples are chosen so that the average density of the POI discussed above is between that of the less dense and more dense foam calibration samples. For each foam sample, the average gray value is determined from the center of the foam sample, that is, 45% to 55%. This value is then plotted against the known density of each foam sample. This produces a set of points to which a least squares regression (linear or nonlinear) is applied. However, for linear regression the correlation coefficient r2 it must be at least> 0.90. In the case of values of r2 less than 0.90, calibration should be repeated with other foam samples, if necessary. The equation describing the regression is then used to convert the gray level values from the microcomputerized tomography data to density values measured in g / cc.

Calculations

one. The average gray levels created in Stage 11 are converted to density values for each location in the z direction (i.e. 5%, 6%, 7%, ...... 95%) using the calibration curve generated from the regression described above.

2. To calculate the average density, the density values are averaged from 5 to 95%.

3. To calculate the average external density from 5 to 15%, it is; - -one. - - -.

Density values average from 5 to 15%.

Four. To calculate the average external density from 85 to 95%, the density values from 85 to 95% are averaged.

5. To calculate the average maximum density, the maximum density is searched from 5 to 95% and the average density is calculated using the data points that go from (maximum -5%) to (maximum +5%). For example, if the maximum is 45%, the average peak density is calculated by using the density values of 40-50%. If the maximum density is in a place that is <10% over the entire thickness of the sample, then the calculation of the average external density of 5 to 15% is used. If the maximum density is at a location that is £ 90% over the entire thickness of the sample, then the calculation of the average external density of 85 to 95% is used.

6. To calculate the minimum average density, the minimum density is searched from 5 to 95% and the average density is calculated using the data points that go from (minimum -5%) to (minimum +5%). For example, if the minimum is 15%, the average peak density is calculated using the density values of 10-20%. If the minimum density is at a location that is 2 10% over the entire thickness of the sample, then the calculation of the average external density of 5 to 15% is used. If the minimum density is at a location that is> 90% over the entire thickness of the sample, then the calculation of the average external density of 85 to 95% is used.

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE 'AND

FROM THE FKOPKOAO F"*to

7. To calculate the ratio of the maximum density pf'bfVfé'Ólb to the average minimum cferíSicfad, the maximum density piuiuediu Stí divides ρΟΓΙδ the minimum average density.

8. To calculate the ratio of average maximum density to average external density of 5 to 15%, the average maximum density is divided by the average external density of 5 to 15%.

9. To calculate the ratio of average maximum density to average external density of 85 to 95%, the average maximum density is divided by the average external density of 85 to 95%.

B. Flexibility method

The flexibility of the absorbent member is quantified by measuring the peak bend stiffness, or flexural strength, after the circular bend procedure. The lower the value, the lower the flexural strength and the greater the flexibility of the sample.

Appliances

The apparatus required for the circular bending procedure is a modified circular bending stiffness testing instrument having the following components:

one. A smooth polished 102.0 x 102.0 x 6.35 millimeter steel plate platform with an 18.75mm diameter hole centered in the plate. The protruding edge of the hole should be at a 45 degree angle to a depth of 4.75 millimeters.

ΙΜΡΪ

INSTITUTO MiXíCAMO DE Lí ΡϋΟΓιϊΟΑΰ

2. A plunger that has a total length of ^ 2 millimeters, a diameter of 6.25 millimeters, a bur that has ΰτΓ'ΐΌοίΓό '^ Θ 2.97 millimeters and a needle point that extends 0.88 millimeters from there and that has a base diameter of 0.33 millimeters and a point that has a radius less than 0.5 millimeters; the plunger is placed concentric with the hole and with an equal distance on all sides. The bottom of the plunger should be above the top of the orifice plate. From this position, the downward stroke of the ball tip is to the exact bottom of the plate hole.

3. One 100N load cell (Model No. SMT1-100N) or equivalent.

Four. An actuator and, more specifically, an MTS Synergle 400 (Model No. SYN400) or equivalent.

Quantity and preparation of specimens

To perform the procedure for this assay, as explained below, a minimum of four representative samples is required. Using a die cutter, a 37.5 x 37.5 millimeter test specimen is cut from each sample. The specimen is cut from the center of the sample (for example, centered at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse center lines). The portion of the specimen to be tested should only include the unitary absorbent member as defined in the specification. Therefore, other materials that are not part of the absorbent member should be carefully removed and the analyst should not fold or bend the test specimens to avoid affecting flexural strength properties.

IMPI c £ la ηο? Α · α.ο r ^ j¿jU «iN'Cb'jT i £ A £ * £» -

Process

The procedure for the circular bending procedure is the following?

The breadboard is leveled. Plunger speed is set at 50.0 centimeters per minute per total stroke length. A specimen is centered in the orifice platform below the plunger so that the surface of the specimen body is facing the plunger and the surface of the garment is facing the platform. If necessary, the zero indicator is monitored and adjusted. The plunger is activated. Touching the specimen should be avoided during the test. The maximum force reading is recorded to the nearest tenth of N. The above steps are repeated until all four specimens have been tested.

Calculations

The peak bend stiffness, or flexural strength, for each specimen is the maximum force reading for that specimen. Each specimen is measured separately and the average of the samples is reported to the nearest tenth of N.

C. Gauge method

Appliances

The caliber of the material is quantified using a Thwing-Albert ProGage or equivalent thickness measuring instrument with a circular foot of

56.4 millimeters in diameter.

Quantity and preparation of specimens

INSTITUTO MEXICANA CE LA PROPIEDAD

INDUSTRIAL

To perform the test, a minimum of 3 representative samples is required. One specimen is cut from each of the 3 samples for a total of 3 test specimens. The specimen is cut from the center of the sample (for example, centered at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse center lines). The portion of the specimen to be tested should only include the unitary absorbent member as defined in the specification. Therefore, other materials that are not part of the absorbent member should be carefully removed so as not to affect the gauge of the material. The specimens to be measured must have a diameter of £ 65 millimeters to ensure that the entire surface area of the foot comes into contact with the sample to be measured. Obviously, the highlighted text does not apply to the calibration foam materials for which this method is used.

Process

The test apparatus is always zeroed before taking any measurements. The foot starts at 1.27 cm (0.5 inch) above the surface on which the test specimen is placed and descends at a speed of 0.32 cm / s (0.125 inch per second). When the foot reaches the target pressure of 0.51 kilopascals, it remains in contact with the specimen for 9 seconds while maintaining that pressure. The reading is taken at the end of the 9 second period.

Calculations

Each of the samples is measured separately and the average of the samples is reported to the nearest hundredth of a millimeter.

D. Traction method

The MD and CD tensile peak is measured by the method based on the

PROPERTY Standard Test WSP 110.4 (05) - Option B, Standard Test Method YoiysSr # aki ^ ~ RjfÓe and Elongation of Nonwoven Materials (Strip Method), but corruh'á'lóñgitira'Cfó caliber 'shorter to allow measurements on finished products.

Appliances

The apparatus required for the pulling method consists of the following parts: 1) an MTS Synergie 400 (Model No. SYN400) or equivalent with a constant extension speed of 100mm / min; 2) a 100 N load cell (Model No. SYN100) or equivalent or a 500 N load cell (Model No. SYN

500) or equivalent, for stiffer materials such as non-deformed dry fabric.

Quantity and preparation of specimens

A minimum of eight representative samples are required, four for the MD tensile test and four for the DC tensile test. The specimen is cut from the center of the sample (for example, centered at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse center lines). The portion of the specimen to be tested should only include the unitary absorbent member as defined in the specification. Therefore, other materials that are not part of the absorbent member must be carefully removed so as not to affect the tensile strength of the material. To prepare the samples for the MD tensile test, one specimen of each sample is punched out with a CD width of 50 mm and a MD length of 70 mm. In the case of a sample taken from a product, such as a female protector, the MD is assumed to represent the longitudinal direction of the protector and the CD is the direction orthogonal to the MD. To prepare the samples for the CD tensile test, one specimen of each sample is punched out with a MD length of 50 mm and a CD width of 50 mm.

Standard test WSP 110.4 (05) - option B is followed with the

Process

IMPI following changes in gauge length:

one. Peak pull on MD: 50mm gauge length

2. DC pull peak 30mm gauge length

Calculations

The pull peak is the maximum force reading for that specimen.

Each specimen is measured separately and the average of the tensile peak in the MD and the average of the tensile peak in the CD of the samples are reported to the nearest tenth of N.

The dimensions and values described in the present description should not be interpreted as strictly limited to the exact numerical values expressed. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each dimension is intended to refer to both the expressed value and a functionally equivalent range approximate to that value. For example, a dimension expressed as "40 grams" will be understood as "approximately 40 grams".

It will be understood that each maximum numerical limitation given in this specification will include any lower numerical limitation, as if the lower numerical limitations had been explicitly noted in this description. Any minimum numerical limit given in this specification shall include any greater numerical limit, as if the greater numerical limits had been explicitly noted in this description. Any numerical range given in this specification will include any minor numerical range that falls within the largest numerical range, as if all minor numerical ranges had been explicitly noted in this description.

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Üc LA NOMUH ι^ 59 = 22τ ^ ί- X

All documents cited in the detailed Description are incorporated, in the pertinent part, as a reference in the preserrtS'desCTlpciÜTTrtcrdiTa ^ Cfé 'any document should not be interpreted as an admission that it represents a prior matter with respect to the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this written document contradicts any meaning or definition of the term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to the term in this written document shall govern.

Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes that are within the scope of this invention.

Contents69

118 members in 14 offices

This recordMember, by publication datePriority claim4 more offices are in the list below

Priority claims9

Priority claims
Document	Office	Kind	Date
13094295	United States of America	–	2011-04-26
201113094295	United States of America	A	2011-04-26
201113094295	United States of America	A	2011-04-26
2012034928	United States of America	W	2012-04-25
2012034928	United States of America	W	2012-04-25
13094295	–	–	–
US1234928	–	–	–
US201113094295	–	–	–
WO2012US34928	–	–	–

Members118

Family members, oldest first
Document	Office	Kind
CA2833024A1	Canada	A1	2012-11-01
US2012273146A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
US2012276331A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
US2012276337A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
US2012276341A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
US2012277393A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
US2012277706A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
US2012277710A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-01
WO2012148974A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2012-11-01
WO2012148999A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2012-11-01
WO2012149000A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2012-11-01
WO2012149073A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2012-11-01
WO2012149074A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2012-11-01
US2012282436A1	United States of America	A1	2012-11-08
MX2013011238A	Mexico	A	2013-10-17
MX2013011147A	Mexico	A	2013-10-30
MX2013011310A	Mexico	A	2013-10-30
MX2013011909A	Mexico	A	2013-10-30
CA2871673A1	Canada	A1	2013-10-31
CA2871680A1	Canada	A1	2013-10-31
WO2013163360A2	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A2	2013-10-31
WO2013163388A1	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A1	2013-10-31
MX2013011785A	Mexico	A	2013-11-01
CN103476375A	China	A	2013-12-25
CN103491911A	China	A	2014-01-01
CN103491912A	China	A	2014-01-01
CN103491915A	China	A	2014-01-01
WO2013163360A3	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	A3	2014-01-30
US8657596B2	United States of America	B2	2014-02-25
EP2701650A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2014-03-05
EP2701651A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2014-03-05
EP2701652A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2014-03-05
EP2701653A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2014-03-05
EP2701902A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2014-03-05
CN103717388A	China	A	2014-04-09
US2014120323A1	United States of America	A1	2014-05-01
JP2014512914A	Japan	A	2014-05-29
JP2014516300A	Japan	A	2014-07-10
JP2014516302A	Japan	A	2014-07-10
JP2014516323A	Japan	A	2014-07-10
JP2014517879A	Japan	A	2014-07-24
MX2014011630A	Mexico	A	2014-10-17
KR20140135843A	Republic of Korea	A	2014-11-26
SG11201406852RA	Singapore	A	2014-11-27
SG11201406853SA	Singapore	A	2014-11-27
KR20140137449A	Republic of Korea	A	2014-12-02
IL235259D0	Israel	D0	2014-12-31
IL235260D0	Israel	D0	2014-12-31
CN104302257A	China	A	2015-01-21
CL2014002884A1	Chile	A1	2015-02-13
CL2014002885A1	Chile	A1	2015-02-13
CN104394822A	China	A	2015-03-04
EP2841037A2	European Patent Office (EPO)	A2	2015-03-04
EP2841039A1	European Patent Office (EPO)	A1	2015-03-04
IN8083DEN2014A	India	A	2015-05-01
US9028652B2	United States of America	B2	2015-05-12
IN8773DEN2014A	India	A	2015-05-22
RU2013144258A	Russian Federation	A	2015-06-10
JP2015519227A	Japan	A	2015-07-09
JP2015523232A	Japan	A	2015-08-13
US2015230993A1	United States of America	A1	2015-08-20
US9120268B2	United States of America	B2	2015-09-01
US2015321414A1	United States of America	A1	2015-11-12
MX2014012819A	Mexico	A	2015-11-13
CN103476375B	China	B	2015-12-09
JP5841239B2	Japan	B2	2016-01-13
US9242406B2	United States of America	B2	2016-01-26
RU2573975C2	Russian Federation	C2	2016-01-27
CA2833024C	Canada	C	2016-02-16
MX337673B	Mexico	B	2016-03-14
MX337692BThis record	Mexico	B	2016-03-14
RU2014137399A	Russian Federation	A	2016-04-10
RU2014139945A	Russian Federation	A	2016-04-20
EP2701650B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2016-07-20
EP2701651B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2016-07-20
EP2701653B1	European Patent Office (EPO)	B1	2016-07-20
JP5956062B2	Japan	B2	2016-07-20
JP2016138358A	Japan	A	2016-08-04
CN103491911B	China	B	2016-08-10
JP5972968B2	Japan	B2	2016-08-17
US9440394B2	United States of America	B2	2016-09-13
US9452089B2	United States of America	B2	2016-09-27
CN105997366A	China	A	2016-10-12
JP6006294B2	Japan	B2	2016-10-12
JP6017676B2	Japan	B2	2016-11-02
JP2016188458A	Japan	A	2016-11-04
RU2604586C2	Russian Federation	C2	2016-12-10
BR112013025721A2	Brazil	A2	2016-12-13
BR112013025859A2	Brazil	A2	2016-12-20
MX345446B	Mexico	B	2017-01-31
BR112013025715A2	Brazil	A2	2017-03-01
CN103717388B	China	B	2017-03-22
JP6105557B2	Japan	B2	2017-03-29
CN104302257B	China	B	2017-04-12
CN103491915B	China	B	2017-04-26
JP6134025B2	Japan	B2	2017-05-24
BR112014026579A2	Brazil	A2	2017-06-27
BR112014026584A2	Brazil	A2	2017-06-27
BR112013025723A2	Brazil	A2	2017-08-08
RU2628858C2	Russian Federation	C2	2017-08-22

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Abstract

Term

I

PATENT TITLE NO. 337692

REQUEST D

US

PRIORITY

THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS

NAHANNY CANAL REYES

MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR ABSORBING MEMBERS THAT HAVE A

DENSITY PROFILE

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

INSTITUTE

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

L) L INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

IMPI

IMPI

INSTITUTE ' ' ' ''

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

FROM TA PROPERTY 'C'— WC.V

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

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OF THE PROPERTY

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

CE LA PRORIEDA

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

INDUSTRIAL

IMPIOS

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

OF THE PROPERTY

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY

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MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

IMPI

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INSTITUTE

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IMPI

INDUSTRIAL

IMPI

IMPI

MEXICAN INSTITUTE 'AND

INSTITUTO MEXICANA CE LA PROPIEDAD

INDUSTRIAL

MEXICAN INSTITUTE

Priority claims9

Members118

Events

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Titles

Classification