Sterilization method and apparatus.
Abstract
A method of sterilizing an article by sequentially exposing the article to hydrogen peroxide and ozone is disclosed. The article is exposed under vacuum first to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently to an ozone containing gas. The exposure is carried out without reducing the water vapor content of the sterilization atmosphere, the water vapor content being derived from the aqueous solvent of the hydrogen peroxide solution and from the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The complete sterilization process is carried out while the chamber remains sealed and without removal of any component of the sterilization atmosphere. For this purpose, the chamber is initially evacuated to a first vacuum pressure sufficient to cause evaporation of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of the chamber atmosphere. The chamber is then sealed for the remainder of the sterilization process and during all sterilant injection cycles. Keeping the chamber sealed and maintaining the hydrogen peroxide and its decomposition products in the chamber for the subsequent ozone sterilization step results in a synergistic increase in the sterilization efficiency and allows for the use of much lower sterilant amounts and sterilization cycle times than would be expected from using hydrogen peroxide and ozone in combination.

Term
4 yearsleft in the term
Expires 29 September 2030.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
4 claims: 2 independent, 2 dependent
- 1REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un método para la esterilización de un articulo en una cámara sellable de esterilización, que comprende las etapas de:a. colocar el articulo en la cámara de esterilización, b. sellar la cámara, c. evacuar la cámara hasta que se alcance un vacío a una primera presión a la cual una solución acuosa evaporada de peróxido de hidrógeno, que incluye un componente de vapor de agua y un componente de vapor de peróxido de hidrógeno, permanece en la fase de vapor a la temperatura de una atmósfera en la cámara, d. interrumpir toda remoción de cualquier componente de la atmósfera de la cámara después de aplicar el vacío al menos hasta el final de un segundo periodo de exposición,e. durante un primer periodo de exposición, humidificar la atmósfera de la cámara únicamente por inyectar solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrogeno evaporada en la cámara sellada, y terminar la inyección una vez que una segunda presión preseleccionada, mayor que la primer presión, es alcanzada en la cámara de esterilización sellada, en donde la inyección de la solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrogeno evaporada incluye inyectar pulsos repetidos de la solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrogeno evaporada a un volumen de pulso para controlar la condensación selectiva del componente de vapor de peróxido de hidrógeno sobre el artículo fuera de la solución, f. durante el segundo período de exposición después del primera período de exposición, inyectar un agente esterilizante seco que contiene gas a la cámara, por lo que la humidificación de la atmósfera de la cámara mejora la eficacia de la esterilización del esterilizante seco para conseguir la esterilización del artículo;g. retirar el esterilizante residual de la cámara al final del segundo período de exposición, y h. retirar el artículo de la cámara. 2. El método de la reivindicación 1, en donde el esterilizante seco es ozono seco o gas que contiene óxido nítrico. 3. El método de la reivindicación 1, en donde el esterilizante seco es gas que contiene ozono.
- 24. El método según la reivindicación 1, en donde el volumen de pulso es menor que 75pL de solución de peróxido de hidrógeno líquido. 5. El método según la reivindicación 1, en donde el volumen de pulso es menor que 35pL. 6. El método según la reivindicación 5, en donde el volumen de pulso es de aproximadamente 20pL. 7. El método según la reivindicación 1, en donde las etapas c) a g), se repiten al menos una vez 8. El método según la reivindicación 1, en donde la solución es una solución de peróxido de hidrógeno al 50%. 9. El método según la reivindicación 3, en donde una cantidad de ozono en el intervalo de 1-10 mg por litro de la atmósfera de esterilización se inyecta en la etapa de inyección. 10. El método según la reivindicación 1, en donde la primera presión es 1.33 mbar. 11. Un método para la esterilización de un artículo en una cámara sellable de esterilización, que comprende las etapas de:a. colocar el artículo en la cámara de esterilización, b. sellar la cámara, c. evacuar la cámara hasta que se alcance un vacío a una primera presión a la cual una solución acuosa evaporada de peróxido de hidrógeno, que incluye un componente de vapor de agua y un componente de vapor de peróxido de hidrógeno, permanece en la fase de vapor a la temperatura de una atmósfera en la cámara, d. interrumpir toda remoción de cualquier componente de la atmósfera de la cámara después de aplicar el vacío al menos hasta el final de un segundo periodo de exposición, e. durante un primer periodo de exposición, humidificar la atmósfera de la cámara únicamente por inyectar solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrogeno evaporada en la cámara INSTITUTf sellada, y terminar la inyección una vez que una segunda presión preseleccionada, mayor que la primer presión, es alcanzada en la cámara de esterilización sellada, en donde la inyección de la solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrogeno evaporada incluye inyectar pulsos repetidos de la solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrogeno evaporada a un volumen de pulso menor de 75pL de solución de peróxido de hidrogeno líquido para controlar la condensación selectiva del componente de vapor de peróxido de hidrógeno sobre el artículo fuera de la solución, f. durante el segundo período de exposición después del primera período de exposición, inyectar -un agente esterilizante seco que contiene gas a la cámara, por lo que la humidificación de la atmósfera de la cámara mejora la eficacia de la esterilización del esterilizante seco para conseguir la esterilización del artículo;g. retirar el esterilizante residual de la cámara al final del segundo período de exposición, y h. retirar el artículo de la cámara. 12. El método de la reivindicación 11, en donde el esterilizante seco es ozono seco o gas que contiene óxido nítrico. 13. El método de la reivindicación 11, en donde el esterilizante seco es gas que contiene ozono. 14. El método según la reivindicación 11, en donde el volumen 15. de pulso es menor según que la 35pL. reivindicación 14, en donde el El método volumen de pulso es de aproximadamente 20pL. 16. El método según la reivindicación 11, en donde las etapas c ) a g), se repiten al menos una vez. 17. El método según la reivindicación 11, en donde la solución es una solución de peróxido de hidrógeno al 50 %. 18 . El método según la reivindicación 13, en donde una cantidad de ozono en el intervalo de 1-10 mg por litro de la atmósfera de esterilización se inyecta en la etapa de inyección. 19. El método según la reivindicación 11, en donde la primera presión es aproximadamente 1.33 mbar. 20. Un método para controlar la condensación de peróxido de hidrógeno a una temperatura preseleccionada dentro de una cámara de esterilización sellada que incluye un artículo a esterilizar, que comprende las etapas de: a. evacuar la cámara sellada para crear una cámara sellada, evacuada con un vacío a una primera presión a la cual una solución acuosa evaporada de peróxido de hidrógeno que tiene una primera concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno y que incluye un componente de vapor de agua y un componente de vapor de peróxido de hidrógeno, permanece en la fase de vapor a la temperatura preseleccionada;b. evaporar la solución acuosa de peróxido de hidrógeno para formar una solución de peróxido de hidrógeno evaporada que .tiene un componente de vapor de agua y un componente de vapor de peróxido de hidrógeno;c. inyectar pulsos repetidos de la solución de peróxido
- 35 de hidrógeno evaporada en la cámara sellada, evacuada, y terminar la inyección una vez que se alcance en la cámara una segunda presión preseleccionada, mayor a la primera presión, teniendo los pulsos un volumen seleccionado para controlar la condensación selectiva del componente de vapor de peróxido de
- 410 hidrógeno para crear una capa de micro-condensación de peróxido de hidrógeno sobre el artículo, dicha capa tiene una segunda concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno más alta que la primera concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno. 21. El método según la reivindicación 20, en donde el 15 volumen de pulso se selecciona para evitar también la condensación del peróxido de hidrógeno en un punto de inyección en la cámara. 22. El método según la reivindicación 20, en donde la primera presión es de 133.32 Pa (1 Torr). . 20 23. El método según la reivindicación 22, en donde la segunda presión preseleccionada está en el intervalo de 2266.48-7199.4 Pa (17-54 Torr). 24. El método según la reivindicación 20, en donde el volumen de pulso es en la mayoría 75pL. 25 25. El método según la reivindicación 24, en donde el volumen de pulso es menor que 35pL. 26. El método según la reivindicación 25, en donde el volumen de pulso es aproximadamente 20pL. 27. El método según la reivindicación 20, en donde la segunda presión preseleccionada está en el intervalo de 2266.48-7199.4 Pa (17-54 Torr) y el volumen de pulso es en la mayoría 75pL. 28. El método según la reivindicación 22, en donde la segunda presión preseleccionada es 2666.44 Pa (20 Torr). 10 29. El método según la reivindicación 28, en donde la primera concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno es 30-59%. 30. El método según la reivindicación 29, en donde la primera concentración de peróxido de hidrógeno es de 50%.
Independent claims4
495 paragraphs in 40 sections, as filed
(54) Title: METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STERILIZATION. (54) Title: STERILIZATION METHOD AND APPARATUS.
(57) Summary
A method of sterilizing an article is described by sequentially exposing the article with hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The article is first exposed in vacuo to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently to ozone-containing gas. Exposure is carried out without reducing the water vapor content of the sterilizing atmosphere, the water vapor content is derived from the aqueous solvent of the hydrogen peroxide solution and from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen . The complete sterilization process is carried out while the chamber remains sealed and without the removal of any component from the sterilizing atmosphere. For this purpose, the chamber is initially evacuated to a first pressure under vacuum, sufficient to cause evaporation of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide at room temperature in the chamber. The chamber is then sealed during the remainder of the sterilization process and during all sterilizer injection cycles. Keeping the chamber sealed and preventing hydrogen peroxide and its products from decomposing in the chamber during the subsequent stage of ozone sterilization results in a synergistic increase in sterilization efficiency and allows the use of much smaller amounts of sterilant and sterilization cycle times than would be expected when using combined hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
(57) Abstract
A method of sterilizing an article by sequentially exposing the article to hydrogen peroxide and ozone is disclosed. The article is exposed under vacuum first to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently to an ozone containing gas. The exposure is carried out without reducing the water vapor content of the sterilization atmosphere, the water vapor content being derived from the aqueous solvent of the hydrogen peroxide solution and from the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The complete sterilization process is carried out while the chamber remains sealed and without removal of any component of the sterilization atmosphere. For this purpose, the chamber is initially evacuated to a first vacuum pressure sufficient to cause evaporation of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of the chamber atmosphere. The chamber is then sealed for the remainder of the sterilization process and during all sterilant injection cycles. Keeping the chamber sealed and maintaining the hydrogen peroxide and its decomposition products in the chamber for the subsequent ozone sterilization step results in a synergistic increase in the sterilization efficiency and allows for the use of much lower sterilant amounts and sterilization cycle times than would be expected from using hydrogen peroxide and ozone in combination.
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PATENT TITLE NO. 337243 _SE_ «CftfMrtA M MXMiMÍA
Institute
Mexican Property
Industrial
Owner (s): TSO3 INC
Address: 2505 Avenue Dalton, G1P3S5, Québec, Québec, CANADA
Denomination: METHOD AND STERILIZATION APPARATUS. Classification: lnt.CI.8: A61L2 / 20; A61L2 / 24; A61L2 / 26
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SIMON ROBITAILLE: SYIVIE DUFRESNE; JEAN-MARTIN VALLIERES; CYNTHIA
RTE
RIÑE cia: Twenty years with the organization in accordance with article 23 of the Law of the Sitting from the date of presentation <sup>1 </sup>(ferechos.
Ouian susci ibe the presentation of the title of the Industrial Operation (Official Journal of C / 2004, 06/16/2005, 2 'fri
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SAGNE;
with
Federation (DOF) 27, fraction V, 6th fraction III. and Your Property Law Goes jstrial.
years improt gables, keep vig ites the
7 ° bis 2 of 10/1996, 12/26/1997, 17
1/2006, <1/05 / 2009,06 / 01/2010, 18/06 / 201072SWS ^ BS? ASSÉe »8eir2 and 04/09/2012); Articles 1, 3, and 5/1999, section V ed the rganic of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007); 1, 3 and 5 subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy Directors General, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Holders of the Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).
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Issue Date: February 19, 2016
THE DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS
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NAHANNY CANAL REYES
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Arenal No. 550. Floor 1,
Col. Pueblo Santa María Tepepan,
Xochímüco, CP 16020,
Mexico City
Tea!. {55} 53 34 07 00 www.impj.oob.mx
MX72016 / 13913
3312-¾ i
IM
STERILIZATION METHOD AND APPARATUS? R
ESTUARY!
INDUS'j
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally related to sterilization methods and apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a sterilization process using gaseous biocides under vacuum.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sterilization is the destruction of any virus, bacteria, fungus or other microorganism, if declared and defined by a vegetative or inactive spore as a 10-6 reduction in the level of bacteria. Conventional sterile processing procedures for medical instruments involve high temperatures (such as steam and dehydrated heat units) or chemicals (such as ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide, or ozone gas).
Sterilization methods and apparatus using gaseous sterilizers are known. Sterilizers that use hydrogen peroxide as the sterilant are widely used. Hydrogen peroxide is generally supplied as an aqueous solution and evaporated prior to injection into a sterilization chamber of the sterilizer, heating of the solution, or applying a vacuum to the sterilization chamber, or both. After evaporation of the
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INSTJ7U DE L / ι iNÚU'rlüí _ solution, the sterilization atmosphere in the sterilization chamber includes hydrogen peroxide gas and water vapor. It is a disadvantage of this process that water vapor tends to condensate on articles in the chamber while sterilization continues. The resulting layer of water condensate on the articles to be sterilized interferes with the sterilizing action of hydrogen peroxide. Various apparatus and process modifications have been developed to address this problem, of which all are aimed at limiting the relative humidity in the sterilizing atmosphere during the sterilizing process. However, these modifications invariably increase operating cost and / or sterilization cycle times.
Sterilizers that use gas-containing ozone as the sterilant are also known. Ozone gas is generally produced externally to the sterilization chamber and supplied in the vacuum chamber that increase the penetration of sterilizing gas into restricted spaces in the articles to be sterilized. In order to enhance the effect of ozone gas sterilization, the sterilization atmosphere is generally moistened with water prior to injection of ozone gas into the sterilization chamber. However, the amount of ozone gas required is relatively high (85mg / l) and the times of
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sterilization cycle are relatively ozone sterilization processes with ~ b * d¿e ucimparatn videimontíB, expensive. Furthermore, many items to be sterilized are damaged by the high levels of ozone required to achieve complete sterilization and cannot therefore be sterilized in an ozone sterilization process.
Sterilization processes using both hydrogen peroxide gas and ozone gas have been used, but with unsatisfactory results especially with respect to
1Q sterilization of items with long internal lumens, such as gastroscopes and colonoscopes, and with respect to sterilization cost and cycle times. Although ozone based processes are satisfactory with respect to sterilization of items with long lumens, material compatibility is a problem. Hydrogen peroxide based processes are generally unsatisfactory in terms of sterilization of long lumens.
Therefore, a method and apparatus is desired that would address at least one of the disadvantages of known sterilization processes using gaseous sterilizers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is an objective of the present invention to avoid or mitigate at least one disadvantage of sterilization processes
LV.U. . [i ..
Mixicz institute:; u OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
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above using gaseous sterilants.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method of sterilizing an article by sequentially exposing an article to be vacuum sterilized to a conditioning agent and a gas-containing ozone. The conditioning agent initiates the formation of free radicals and accelerates the formation of hydroxyl radicals in ozone.
The conditioning agent is preferably hydrogen peroxide, acidic water, carbonated water, peracetic acid, acetic acid, alcohol, ethanoi or methanol. Sterilizing gas is preferably ozone, nitrogen oxide or chlorine dioxide, preferably ozone.
In an embodiment of the first aspect, a method for sterilizing an article is provided by sequentially exposing an article to be sterilized first to the free radical-forming conditioning agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, and then to sterilization gas which is a chemical to form or regenerate free radicals, such as ozone (03), nitrogen oxide (NO) or chlorine dioxide (C102). The article is preferably exposed to a vacuum first to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently to sterilizing gas. The preferred combination of conditioning agent and sterilizing gas is hydrogen peroxide with ozone.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a
INSTI i UTO MEXRV D¿ LA
INDUSTrJAt
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method of sterilizing an article by sequentially exposing an article to be vacuum sterilized to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and to a gas-containing ozone without reducing the humidity of the sterilizing atmosphere during sterilization with the one or the other sterilizer.
In an embodiment of the second aspect, a method is provided for sterilizing an article by sequentially exposing an article to be sterilized first to hydrogen peroxide and then to ozone. The article is preferably exposed to vacuum first to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently to a gas-containing ozone. The exposure is preferably carried out without reducing the water vapor content of the sterilizing atmosphere, the water vapor content is derived from the aqueous solvent of the hydrogen peroxide solution and from the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in water and oxygen.
Most preferably, the evaporated hydrogen peroxide and the gas-containing ozone are sequentially added to the chamber and held in the chamber for a preselected exposure time. All removal of any component in the sterilizing atmosphere is stopped during the addition of the sterilants and for the duration of the exposure time and the chamber remains
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sealed. For this purpose, the chamber is initially subjected to a first pressure under vacuum sufficient to cause evaporation of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of the chamber atmosphere. The chamber is then sealed for the remainder of the sterilization process, which simplifies the process and, as will be mentioned below, results in a surprising increase in sterilization efficiency.
In a further aspect, a method is provided for sterilizing an article in a sealable sterilization chamber, comprising the steps of placing the article in the sterilization chamber, sealing the chamber; applying a vacuum to the chamber at a first pressure sufficient to evaporate an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of one atmosphere in the chamber; evaporation of an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the sealed chamber; ending evaporation once a second preselected pressure, greater than the first pressure, is reached in the sealed sterilization chamber; keeping the chamber sealed during a first period of exposure during which hydrogen peroxide gas in the chamber decomposes into free radicals, injection, after the first period of exposure, into the chamber a dehydrated ozone containing gas and without the humidification of the ozone containing gas or the chamber atmosphere and until a third pressure, i _F
INSTITUTO Μ, 7.ύυ.:.; 'Ϋ́ DE LA PiíG;' I: · - ,, -: ·) industrial
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greater than the second pressure, is reached in the chamber, keeping the chamber sealed during a second period of exposure, interrupting all the removal of any component from the sterilizing atmosphere after applying the vacuum and before the evaporation stage, up to a end of the second exposure period; removing residual sterilants from the chamber, and obtaining the sterilized article from the chamber. The second exposure period can be omitted and the dehydrated ozone that
IO contains gas injected right after the second preselected pressure is reached.
The steps between and including applying and removal steps are preferably repeated at least once.
The first pressure is preferably lTorr, the second pressure is preferably 20Torr, and the amount of dehydrated ozone 5 injected by volume of the sterilizing atmosphere is preferably 1-lOmg / l.
In another aspect, the invention provides a hydrogen peroxide supply system for a sterilizer having a hydrogen peroxide injection unit and a housing, comprising a support for supporting a container of hydrogen peroxide solution in a right position inside the housing, a drainage configuration connected to the holder to aspirate the hydrogen peroxide solution from the container, and a configuration * · ♦
IMPI
INSTITUTO MEXICANO JCz DE LA PROI ÍEDAO '' c INDUSTRIAL * <.
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supply connected to the drainage configuration to supply the hydrogen peroxide solution aspirated from the hydrogen peroxide injection unit, the drainage configuration including a drainage needle connected to the supply configuration to penetrate a seal into the container and spread in the hydrogen peroxide solution in the container, and a reciprocating needle pulse to move the needle into an idle position, where the needle is retracted to allow the insertion of a new container of hydrogen peroxide into the holder, to a penetrating position where the needle penetrates the seal from the container and extends into the hydrogen peroxide solution in the container, the needle extending all the way to a bottom of the container in the penetrating position.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those generally skilled in the art by reviewing the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures, where:
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- - MEXiC / Γ ·. '<Λ of LA PROFíÉÓÁo
INDUSTRIAL
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Figure 1 shows a diagram TiBqTJHiii SI ......... In _an apparatus according to the invention, the illustrated parts of the apparatus listed in Table III;
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a hydrogen peroxide supply system according to the invention, the illustrated parts of the system being listed in Table III ;;
Figure 3 is a flow diagram of a preferred sterilization method according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a graph illustrating an exemplary first sterilization cycle in accordance with the invention;
Figure 5 is a graph illustrating an exemplary second sterilization cycle in accordance with the invention;
Figure 6 is a graph illustrating an exemplary third sterilization cycle in accordance with the invention;
Figure 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen peroxide supply unit according to the invention;
Figure 8 shows an exemplary embodiment of a hydrogen peroxide tank, metering and evaporation unit according to the invention;
Figure 9A-9C is a schematic diagram of a control system for an apparatus according to the invention;
Figure 10a is a perspective view of a sterilizing container according to the invention;
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Figure 10b is a cross-sectional view "" of the leeipiunt-e-FIGURE, 10a;
Figure 10c is a side elevational view of the container of Figure 10a; and
Figure lOd is enlarged detail B of the container shown in Figure 10b.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITY
Generally speaking, the present invention provides a method and system for sterilizing an article in a gas sterilizing atmosphere by sequentially adding evaporated hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
In one embodiment, as illustrated in the flowchart of Figure 3 and the cycle charts of FIGs 4 to 6, the invention provides a method of sterilizing an article by exposing an article to be sequentially sterilized to hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The article is preferably exposed to vacuum first to an evaporated aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently to a gas-containing ozone. The exposure is preferably carried out without reducing the water vapor content of the sterilizing atmosphere, the water vapor content derived from the aqueous solvent of the hydrogen peroxide solution and the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide
PIA
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
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in water and oxygen. Most preferably, the complete sterilization process is accomplished while the chamber remains sealed and without the removal of any component from the sterilizing atmosphere. For this purpose, the chamber is initially evacuated to a first pressure under vacuum sufficient to cause evaporation of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of the chamber atmosphere. The chamber is then sealed and the hydrogen peroxide and gas-containing ozone are sequentially added to the chamber and held in the chamber for a preselected exposure time. All removal of any component in the sterilizing atmosphere is stopped during the addition of the sterilants and for the duration of the exposure time.
The aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is evaporated and directly injected into the sterilization chamber without any measure to reduce the water vapor content. The inventors of the present application have surprisingly discovered that the amount of sterilizers used and the length of the sterilization cycle can be considerably reduced, when any steps to reduce the water vapor content in the chamber are omitted and the sterilization step of Hydrogen peroxide is examined in more detail by an ozone sterilization stage, since the water vapor generated during the
-i ivi hee
Mexican Institute of Industrial Property
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Hydrogen peroxide sterilization can be used sufficiently to moisten the atmosphere in the chamber to improve the ozone sterilization step. Much lesser amounts of hydrogen peroxide and ozone can be used than in prior art processes using the same sterilants, sterilization while still being accomplished. Also, the required amounts of the sterilants according to the present invention are less than what would be expected from simply using two steriliants in the same cycle. Thus, keeping the chamber sealed throughout all stages of sterilization without any measure to control humidity in the sterilization atmosphere appears to result in a synergistic effect.
A sterilizer according to the invention as schematically illustrated in Figure 1 generally operates in the following manner. An article to be sterilized (not shown) is placed in a sterilization chamber 10 and the chamber is sealed. A vacuum is applied to chamber 10. The evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution is supplied in sterilization chamber 10 of an administration unit 30 (see Figure 8), of which less than a will be mentioned in more detail. The evaporated hydrogen peroxide supplied in the chamber provides a partial sterilization of the article. The medical grade oxygen is subjected in an ozone generator 22 to an electric field, which
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fi · institute, 1NDUSTÍ converts oxygen into gas-containing ozone. Gas-containing gas is then fed into chamber 10, which has been moistened by injecting the evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution and decomposing the hydrogen peroxide into free radicals (hydroxyls), water and oxygen. Gas-containing ozone ends sterilization of the item. Remaining sterilizing gases are subsequently decomposed into water and oxygen using a catalyst 52. The only wastes kept at the end of the sterilization cycle are clean, oxygenic water.
The ozone sterilization method of the invention is preferably carried out at room temperature and thus does not require substantially any aeration or cooling of sterilized articles so that they can be used immediately following the sterilization cycle. Furthermore, used gases diffused more quickly into long lumens to be sterilized, reducing the cycle times required for sterilization. This allows hospitals to reduce the cost of maintaining expensive medical device inventories. The sterilization method of the invention offers several additional advantages. This does not produce any toxic waste, does not require the handling of dangerous gas cylinders, and does not pose any threat to the environment or the health of the user. Stainless steel instruments and heat sensitive instruments can be subjected to
Ozone
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treatment simultaneously, which for some users will avoid the need for two separate sterilizers.
The preferred sterilization apparatus according to the invention as schematically illustrated in Figure 1 includes a sterilization chamber 10 that can be sealed to contain a vacuum. This is accomplished with an access door 12, which can be selectively opened for access in the chamber and which seals the chamber in the closed condition. The apparatus further includes an ozone generator 22 to supply the ozone-containing gas to the sterilization chamber, a hydrogen peroxide supply unit 30 to supply the evaporated hydrogen peroxide to the sterilization chamber 10, and a vacuum pump 40 (CM-005-052 TS03, Inc.). Vacuum pump 40 is used to request sufficient vacuum from sterilization chamber 10 to increase sterilization gas penetration and to be able to generate the evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution at a temperature below temperature within the sterilization. Vacuum pump 40 in the preferred embodiment has the capacity to produce a sufficient vacuum in the sterilization chamber to decrease the boiling temperature of water in the chamber below current temperature of the atmosphere in the chamber. In the preferred apparatus, the vacuum pump is capable of producing a lTorr vacuum (1.33mbar). Ozone
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<img file="MX337243B_D0025.tif" />
produced in the ozone generator 22 <sup>00 H</sup>? Ttruid; rr ..
Ozone catalyst 52 to which ozone-containing gas is fed after the line through sterilization chamber 10 or directly from ozone generator 22 through auxiliary bypass tube valve 29b. Ozone catalyst 52 (AM-004-001, TS03 Inc.) is connected in series after vacuum pump 40 to prevent ozone gas from escaping into the environment. The ozone decomposition material in preferred catalyst 52 is carulite. For economic and practical reasons, it is preferred to use a catalyst for decomposition of ozone in sterilization gas exhausted from sterilization chamber 10. The catalyst destroys hydrogen peroxide and ozone on contact and converts it back to oxygen. and water with a certain amount of heat produced. Catalysts of this type and their manufacture are known to the person skilled in the art of ozone generators and need not be described in detail here. Furthermore, other means for destroying the ozone and hydrogen peroxide contained in the sterilization gas will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art. For example, gas can be heated for a preselected period of time to a temperature where sterilizing decomposition is accelerated, for example, to 300 ° C over a period of 3 seconds.
Hydrogen peroxide supply unit 30
MEXUANU INSTITUTE
From the a. :
INCUiTRIAL includes a tank 220 (AM-213-010, TS03 Inc.), a dosing unit 240, and an evaporator unit 260 (FM-213003, TSO3 Inc.) directly connected to the sterilization chamber 10 through a duct 280. (AM-213-003, TSO3 Inc.) The tank 220 is equipped with a level sensor 222 to always ensure a high enough level of hydrogen peroxide for the execution of another sterilization cycle. A solution of hydrogen peroxide (359%) is supplied to the reservoir of a hydrogen peroxide supply unit 200 (see Figure 7), of which less than a will be mentioned in more detail. Hydrogen peroxide solution is supplied into supply unit 200 from a sealed bottle 180 (see Figure 7). The evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution produced in the evaporator unit 260 directly enters sterilization chamber 10 without intermediate flow restriction or valve. The evaporator unit is preferably equipped with a heating device (not shown) that maintains the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide solution high enough to achieve a higher evaporation rate and prevent freezing of the solution.
The ozone generator 22 (OZ, Model 14a, TSO3 Inc.) is corona discharge type and is cooled to decrease the rate of ozone decomposition, of which all are
<img file="MX337243B_D0026.tif" />
ίτυτο wxa »» v
FROM THE «OTSS? V
INDUSTRY.
I
MuCC.S INSTITUTE! Known in the art. Ozone generation is associated with energy loss in the form of heat. Since heat accelerates the decomposition of ozone into oxygen, this should be removed as soon as possible by cooling down the ozone generator 22. The ozone generator in the apparatus is kept at a relatively low temperature of 3 to 6 ° C by a cooling system 60, which is an indirect cooling system with recirculating water for cooling, or a direct cooling system with a air cooling unit or a cooling unit for cooling (not shown). The cooling system is preferably kept at a temperature of 3 to 6 ° C. In the preferred embodiment, the refrigeration system is kept at 4 ° C so that the gas containing the ozone generated by generator 22 is at room temperature of approximately 20 to 35 ° C. Thus, the gas that contains the ozone and signs the sterilization chamber for humidification and sterilization is kept at ambient temperatures of 20 to 35 ° C. This means that ozone decomposition is minimized and the sterilization process is the most efficient. The ozone generator 22 is preferably supplied with medical grade oxygen. Oxygen can also be supplied directly to sterilization chamber 10 through oxygen supply valve 21. The apparatus can be connected to a wall by the common oxygen relief valve.
MEXICAN INSTITUTE DB LA PROPIEDAD
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX337243B_D0027.tif" />
in hospitals or an oxygen cylinder or any other source capable of supplying the required quality and flow. Oxygen supply to generator 22 occurs through a filter 23, a pressure regulator 24, a flow meter 25 and a closed valve oxygen 26. The generator is protected VS oxygen over pressure by a safety pressure switch 27. The ozone oxygen mixture generated by generator 22 concerns sterilization chamber 10 through a flow regulator port 28 and a mixture supply solenoid valve 29a. The mixture can also be directly supplied to the ozone catalyst 52 via an auxiliary bypass tube solenoid valve 29b (optional). In a preferred embodiment where a 125 liter volume sterilization chamber is used, the pressure regulator 24 and regulator valve 28 preferably controls oxygen input at a pressure of approximately 13.8 kPa (2 psig) and a flow rate of approximately 1.5 liters per minute. However, it will be readily apparent to the expert that other flow rates can be used depending on the elaboration and model of the ozone generator 22 and the size of the sterilization chamber.
The vacuum in the sterilization chamber 10 is produced via the vacuum pump 40 and the sterilization chamber drain valve 44.
Valves 29a and 29b are solenoid valves of
<img file="MX337243B_D0028.tif" />
Teflon (CM-900-156, TSO3 Inc.) Valve 26 and vacuum valve 44 are solenoid valves (CM-015-004, TSO3 Inc.).
The preferred ozone generator used in the process and apparatus of the invention is a corona generator discharge type, which is known to one skilled in the art and need not be further described herein.
Functioning
A preferred sterilization method according to the invention includes the general steps that follow as illustrated by the flow chart of Figure 3. The articles to be sterilized, as instruments for medical use, can be placed directly into the sterilization chamber, but are preferably sealed in sterile packaging containers, sterile coats or sachets as generally used in the hospital environment and then placed in the sterilization chamber. Various different types of such containers or sachets are known to the person skilled in the art and need not be described further here.
After the insert of the article to be sterilized has been placed in the sterilization chamber in step 320, the door of the sterilization chamber is closed and the chamber sealed in step 340 and a vacuum is applied to the sterilization chamber. in step 350 until a first pressure of lTorr (1.33 mbar) is reached in
MWIK-ΛΠ INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY the chamber. The sterilization chamber walls have preferably been preheated in a heating step 310 to a temperature of 40 ° C. The evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution is admitted to the sterilization chamber in humidification step 360 to partially sterilize and moisten the chamber contents. Injection of evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution is stopped once a pressure increase of 19Torr has been achieved in the chamber. The chamber can be kept sealed for a first exposure period 370 (preferably 2 minutes) during which the hydrogen peroxide at least partially decomposes into free radicals, water and oxygen. Preferably this exposure period can also be omitted. A gas-containing ozone, preferably in the form of a mixture of the dehydrated ozone and oxygen, is then supplied to the chamber at the 380 ozone injection step and the chamber kept sealed for a second preselected exposure period 390. No ozone humidification Gas-containing gas is carried out, or is even necessary, since the chamber atmosphere has been moistened by the hydrogen peroxide solution. Between the vacuum request, before the hydrogen peroxide evaporation step, and the end of the second exposure period, all removal of any component of sterilizing atmosphere is interrupted so that
ΙΜΡΪ Γ INSTITUTO MEXíC.V ú ...... '/
FROM THE OWNER; ID V '
INDUSTRIAL none of the components of the atmosphere are removed before the end of the second period of. exposition. The stages of vacuum application, hydrogen peroxide injection with the first exposure period and ozone gas injection with the second exposure period, are preferably repeated at least once, the number of repetitions determined in the step 395 based on the cycle previously selected in step 330. To remove all remaining sterilants from the sterilization chamber 10 after the sterilization cycle is completed a phase 400 of ventilation is started, which preferably includes multiple cycles of evacuating the chamber and rinsing with oxygen. After the ventilation phase 400, the door is unlocked in step 410 and the sterilized items can be obtained from the chamber. The temperature of the floor and the door of the chamber and of the evaporator unit are preferably controlled throughout the sterilization process.
In an exemplary sterilization apparatus according to the invention, the user has the option of multiple different sterilization cycles. In a preferred method, the user can choose in the process cycle selection step 330 between three cycles that have the respective characteristics shown in Table 1 and mentioned below.
-LV1Í
L '·' kIAL
Table I institute and,<sup>7</sup>/ λ DE LA PÚOí i INDü · '
<img file="MX337243B_D0029.tif" />
<td>Cycle Phases</td><td>Cycle 1</td><td>Cycle 2</td><td>Cycle 3</td>
<td>Empty</td><td>lTorr</td><td>lTorr</td><td>lTorr</td>
<td>Humidification with</td><td>20Torr</td><td>20Torr</td><td>20Torr</td>
<td>50% H202 solution</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Humidification plateau</td><td>2 min</td><td>2 min</td><td>2 min</td>
<td>(optional)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>03 Injection</td><td>2 mg / 1</td><td>10mg / l</td><td>3mg / l</td>
<td>Exposition</td><td>5 min</td><td>5 min</td><td>10 minutes</td>
<td>Number of</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 4</td>
<td>repetition (ones)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Approximate Duration of</td><td>46 min</td><td>56 min</td><td>100 min</td>
<td>Cycle</td><td></td><td> -</td><td></td>
Cycle 1-Surface sterilization of devices that have low compatibility with ozone, articulated devices and short flexible endoscopes (1mm x 85cm). (Except. Cameras, cables, paddles, forceps, bronchoscopes, ureteroscopes).
Cycle 2-Surface devices with high compatibility with ozone, articulated instruments and rigid endoscopes (1 mm x 50 cm).
Cycle 3-Sterilizable instruments with cycle # 1 and 25 form in complex endoscopes (Except. Gastroscopes,
<img file="MX337243B_D0030.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0031.tif" />
colonoscopes).
Although preferred to operate the present sterilization process using a 50% hydrogen peroxide solution, the process can be operated with solutions including 3% 50% hydrosignal peroxide. Exemplary conditions for the process when run at 3%, the 30% and 50% hydrogen peroxide solution is as follows.
Table II
<td>% H202</td><td>Maximum Pressure Injection (Torr)</td><td>Dose ozone (mg / L)</td><td>Number of repetitions</td><td>Time of Conditioning</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 44-54</td><td> 25-50</td><td> 2-8</td><td>2 hours</td>
<td> 30</td><td> 30-44</td><td> 5-25</td><td> 2-6</td><td>2 hours</td>
<td> 50</td><td> 17-21 (20)</td><td> 2-10</td><td> 2-4</td><td>Ohr</td>
The maximum injection pressure is the pressure at which the injection of the evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution is stopped. The conditioning time period represents a period of time after the chamber is sealed and before the vacuum request where the items to be sterilized are kept in the sterilization chamber and gradually heat from room temperature due to the chamber walls, floor and door that heat up to approximately 40 ° C. This is required
<img file="MX337243B_D0032.tif" />
heating of the charge in the chamber prevents excess water in the charge in the injection of the evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution. The risk of condensation increases with decreasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution.
Once the user has selected one of the three cycles, the user ends the sterilization chamber door and pushes the start. The sterilizer control system (see Figure 9) will then, under the control of a built-in running software, start the sterilization process according to the selected cycle and using preselected parameters for the selected cycle. There is no preconditioning of the sterilization load. The cycle begins with the generation of a vacuum in the sterilization chamber of approximately lTorr (1.33mbar). An evaporated aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is subsequently injected into the chamber through the evaporator unit to partially sterilize and moisten the load. Before entering the evaporator unit, the hydrogen peroxide solution passes through the dosing unit 240 shown in Figure 8. The dosing unit 240 is directly connected to the evaporator unit 260 and thus subjected to the present vacuum pressure in the chamber. Dosing unit 240 includes a low block 241 that has a track
<img file="MX337243B_D0033.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0034.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0035.tif" />
of a fixed volume, known (not shown) and connected by an inlet valve 242 in a direction 5 <sup>1</sup> end of the path to the hydrogen peroxide reservoir 220 and through an exhaust valve 243 to a 3 'end of the path to the evaporator unit 260. The flow of hydrogen peroxide solution through the dosing unit 240 can be exactly controlled via valves 242, 243, which are oppositely switched and non-overlapping so that one valve is always closed when the other is available and both valves are never open at the same time. In this way, the path is evacuated when the exhaust valve 243 is available and the inlet valve 242 is closed, filled with the hydrogen peroxide solution when the exhaust valve 243 is closed and the inlet valve 242 is available and evacuated again when exhaust valve 243 is open again and inlet valve 242 is closed again. Since the exact volume of the line is known, the amount of hydrogen peroxide solution delivered per valve cycle is known, and the total amount of hydrogen peroxide can be calculated based on the number of valve switching cycles. The number of times and frequency that valves 242, 243 open and close are controlled and monitored by the appliance software and can be used to determine the amount of hydrogen peroxide solution removed from the
<img file="MX337243B_D0036.tif" />
MEXICAN INSTITUTE .; » OF THE PROi ¡ED.Ví}
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX337243B_D0037.tif" />
tank and calculate the theoretically remaining amount of solution in the tank, based on the total amount drawn from the supply bottle and the measured amount. The inventors of the present apparatus and method have discovered that the exact amount of evaporated hydrogen peroxide supplied to the chamber is not critical to common knowledge. At VSrio, the inventors of the present application have surprisingly discovered that the most reliable determinant of steam sterilization efficiency of
IO hydrogen peroxide is the pressure in the chamber. The sterilization efficiency is dependent on the saturation level of the sterilization atmosphere with hydrogen peroxide. However, the saturation level cannot be reliably calculated from the amount of solution injected, as this greatly depends on the charge in the chamber and the adsorption characteristics of the materials in the charge. The saturation level is however directly proportional to the pressure in the chamber. Therefore, the saturation level in the chamber can be determined solely on the basis of the chamber pressure rather than by measuring the flow or amount of the hydrogen peroxide solution injected into the chamber. As a result, the number of valve switching cycles during the 360 hydrogen peroxide injection step in an embodiment of the present invention is totally dependent on pressure.
I
MPl Mexican Institute of Industrial Property
<img file="MX337243B_D0038.tif" />
to be reached in chamber 10 by the injection of hydrogen peroxide. In a preferred embodiment, a 50% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is used and the pressure rise to be reached in the chamber is 19Torr. An optional sampling time d 2 minutes follows the scope of the default pressure rise of 19Torr. Then a dose of the dehydrated ozone containing gas is injected followed by a second exposure time. The ozone dose depends on the cycle selected by the user. When the desired number of repetitions of the first and second partial sterilization steps is achieved, ventilation of the sterilization chamber 10 is carried out by evacuating and filling the chamber 3 times with oxygen in order to remove residual ozone sterilizers and hydrogen peroxide.
In order to determine if a variation in the volume of hydrogen peroxide injected by each pulse during the conditioning phase has an undesirable effect on the sterilization efficiency and the amount of condensation observed on the load, requesting the sterilization tests carried out with the different injection they press quantities. Theoretically, the injection / evaporation rate of hydrogen peroxide could have an undesirable effect on sterilization efficiency. Inject
<img file="MX337243B_D0039.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0040.tif" />
INSTITUTE ί 'DEL.', - i
<img file="MX337243B_D0041.tif" />
a much more spacious volume during the solution is pushed faster into the chamber, and the time period for the liquid to evaporate is decreased. The possibility of having more condensation on the instrument or on the packaging material is therefore greater. Condensation that is too pronounced would be expected to form two problems. First, pronounced condensation could limit the ability of ozone to reach spores on the surface of instruments. Second, the hydrogen peroxide liquid can get trapped in the packaging material, which is risky for people who handle the sterilized cargo afterward. If the amount of trapped hydrogen peroxide liquid is too spacious, ventilation of the chamber and packaging at the end of the sterilization cycle may not be sufficient to remove all traces of hydrogen peroxide condensate.
When the pressure in the sterilization chamber is decreased to less than atmospheric pressure, any liquid present or injected into the chamber will boil at a lower temperature than under atmospheric conditions. In the previously described embodiment of the present process, the pressure in the chamber is first lowered and then one volume of hydrogen peroxide is injected in the form of steam. The total volume of hydrogen peroxide used is injected in small
<img file="MX337243B_D0042.tif" />
increments. During injection, the pressure in the chamber increases until a final pressure of 20Torr (lTorr initial pressure + 19Torr pressure increase) is reached.
*
Hydrogen peroxide evaporates at a higher temperature than water (50% hydrogen peroxide boiling temperature is 114 ° C, and water boiling temperature is 100'C). Therefore, the condensate will be more concentrated in the hydrogen peroxide than the initial solution that enters the chamber. This phenomenon is observed with an ultraviolet light lamp attached to the camera. Even if the pressure in the chamber increases, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the reading vapor by the UV lamp decreases. Also, the concentration of the first hydrogen peroxide droplet (lOTorr) is titled. This liquid is discovered to be approximately 85% concentrated hydrogen peroxide.
At a pressure of about lOTorr, a microcondensation layer of the hydrogen peroxide appeared on targets in the chamber. The thickness of the microcondensation is calculated to be only thick molecules, but it can help sterilization, since it is known that hydrogen peroxide can sterilize in a vapor form as well as in the liquid form (Chung et al., 2006 ; UngerBimczok et al., 2008). Also, ozone is more soluble in hydrogen peroxide and can directly form radicals
<img file="MX337243B_D0043.tif" />
on the surface, where the spores are found.
In order to inject high volume immediately, a valve separated by Teflon tubing is used instead of the normally used micro valve (AM-213-001, TSO3 Inc.). The pipe length is determined by the volume to inject. Since the volume contained in the valve is significant, two sizes of valves are used. The first type (TS03 #: CM-900-157) with a 0.062 hole, is used for a volume up to 1.5mL. The second type of Neptune, with a 0.156 hole, (CM-900-156, TSO3 Inc.), is used for a volume up to 3.5mL. The roomier valve size also helps push the roomy liquid volume into the chamber. For the 35pL volume, Burket 7616 micropump (CM-113001, TS03 Inc.) is used. For the 23 volume L, a more spacious, specially crafted block is used.
Two cycles are used for this experiment. To analyze sterility, Cycle 1 (hemicycle) is used, where the injection stage of the conditioning phase is modified with a variation in volume and press for each attempt, as previously described. As for the condensation effect, Cycle 3, which comprises four phases, is used. This cycle is selected because a larger amount of hydrogen peroxide is injected for the cycle, making it the worst case scenario. A third party carries out a test for sterility tests. Lumens (Teflon 1mm x 80cm) are
MP '>
; í-'ROí'íc-AD
INDUSTPJAL
<img file="MX337243B_D0044.tif" />
inoculated using the ambr method according to MCR-nQ-nm - After exposure to a Cycle 1 chamber, the sterility of each lumen is determined according to Rev 7 MCB-09A04 by quantitative recovery using the ultrasound method followed by filtration.
A burette is plugged into the valve system in order to accurately determine the volume injected. This volume is then divided into the pulse amount. The three TSO3 cycles are analyzed with a special load that represents an average load for these three cycles. The charge is always at room temperature at the beginning of the cycle. An ultraviolet light lamp is also installed in the used sterilizer. This analysis allowed for hydrogen peroxide vapor during the conditioning phase.
Sterility is verified with Teflon wires (1 mm x 80 cm) inserted in the pipeline, and analyzed in a Cycle 1 chamber. The first volume injected by each pulse during the conditioning phase is 1.5mL. In the event of a suitable result for sterile efficacy, the volume would double. If the result is not satisfactory, then half the volume would be analyzed. Since the result for the test using 1.5mL per pulse is adequate, the test is repeated with 2.5mL and 3.4mL. Testing is stopped at 3.4mL injection because only two pulses are necessary to reach the desired pressure of 18Torr. The
<img file="MX337243B_D0045.tif" />
D £ LA FROP'HL-.iD INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX337243B_D0046.tif" />
Normal conditioning phase stopped at 19Torr, but to ensure pressure is not exceeded, the micro valve is used between 18 to 19Torr.
Sterility is achieved with 3.4mL (all tests are at zero for the spore count). Thus, the applicant discovered that variations in pulse volume have no effect on sterilization efficiency. However, it is noted during sterility that this condensation is found exactly where the hydrogen peroxide is injected into the chamber. Therefore, more tests are carried out in order to determine the maximum volume that could be injected by each pulse without condensation.
The first volume injected is again 1.5mL. Condensation is present on the charge at the injection site. The amount of quantified liquid condensate is similar to that observed with a 3.4mL injection pulse. The pulse amount is gradually decreased then reducing the injected amount in half each time until no more condensation is visible. At 75 L, condensation is again similar to this with a 3.4mL pulse injection. A significant reduction in accumulation condensation is observed less than a pulse volume of 75 L. At 35 L, condensation is still visible, but greatly reduced. At 23 L, almost no condensation is visible. In an esssoacsa volume *
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
YES;
condei * ee «4- © íi - & e - eii4uaxiLa__ occur in volumes to control the pulse amount of 16 L absolutely none. Condensation is found to pulse previously 20 L. Thus, for unwanted condensation of hydrogen peroxide, it is preferred to use a pulse injection volume less than 75L, more preferably less than 35L, more preferably about 20L.
In an exemplary process according to the invention, the sterilization chamber walls are kept at a temperature of 40 ° C while the loading temperature can vary between 20 ° C and 25 ° C. The concentration of the used hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably 50%, but concentrations as low as 3% and as high as 59% can be used. The reached interior of the pressure in the chamber is a function of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide used (see Table II). Although the pressure achieved is the same for each cycle mentioned above, the volume of hydrogen peroxide solution required depends on the concentration of the solution, the type of charge in the chamber, and the hydrogen peroxide adsorption capacity of the charge. The humidification level in the sterilizing atmosphere before ozone injection can be adjusted using different concentrations of the hydrogen peroxide solution.
The ozone dose varies between 2mg / l for cycle # 1 and
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF PROPERTY / Lí INDUSTfú / vL
<img file="MX337243B_D0047.tif" />
10mg / l for cycle # 2 and its exposure time varies between "5 minutes for cycle # 1 and 10 minutes for cycle # 3.
The amounts of ozone used in prior art sterilization processes that employ the humidified ozone as the sterilization gas are generally over 85mg / l. Using hydrogen peroxide for partial sterilization as well as humidification of the load before ozone injection allows a significant reduction in the amount of ozone required to achieve sterilization (SAL 101 below at a dose between 2mg / l and 10mg / l, according to the selected cycle. This reduction is much higher than would be expected from just the fact that hydrogen peroxide and ozone are used in the same sterilization cycle.
Indeed, the evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution injected into the chamber is not sufficient to achieve sterilization, although a logarithmic reduction in spores has been observed. However, the addition of only a very minor amount of ozone in the range of l-10mg of ozone per liter of sterilization atmosphere results in full and complete sterilization at the level required under Safety Assurance Level standards. from the United States Food and Drug Administration or global standards, such as ISO (SAL 10-6). Such complete sterilization could not be achieved using only the injection of evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution,
<img file="MX337243B_D0048.tif" />
independent of the amount of hydrogen peroxide solution used and the concentration of the solution. Furthermore, high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide reduce compatibility with some instruments. Also, a longer dwell time after injection of hydrogen peroxide, for example 3 minutes instead of 2 minutes, does not enhance the sterilization efficiency. In fact the period of time that remains after the injection of hydrogen peroxide seems to have no effect on the sterilization efficiency. Still, the addition of only the minor amount of ozone as mentioned above surprisingly leads to complete sterilization.
During evacuation step 350 (see Figure 3), oxygen supply valves 21 and 26, mix supply valve 29a, and bypass tube valve
<td colspan="3">mixing aid 29b are closed and</td><td colspan="3">the drain valve</td>
<td>Of camera</td><td>44 opens.</td><td>The camera</td><td>of</td><td>sterilization</td><td>10 is</td>
<td>evacuated to</td><td>a pressure</td><td>vacuum</td><td>of</td><td>approximately</td><td>lTorr</td>
(1.33 mbar). Once this pressure is reached, which is determined via a pressure sensor 13 in the sterilization chamber, the chamber drain valve 44 is closed and the dosing unit 240 activated to supply the hydrogen peroxide solution of the evaporator unit 260 where the solution is evaporated and subsequently flows freely in the
i. ivi to ii.
mexican institute .....
Of the property
INDUSTRIAL · sterilization pressure increase 10. Once a
19Torr is reached in the chamber is determined by the pressure sensor 13, the dosing unit 240 is deactivated and the supply of hydrogen peroxide solution from the evaporator 260 is stopped. The chamber can be kept sealed so that no injection of any substance occurs during a first exposure period following 370, which can last for 2 minutes. However, that exposure period is completely optional. Shortly before the end of the 360 hydrogen peroxide injection stage, (usually approximately 2 to 6 minutes) the ozone generator is activated to ensure a supply of gas-containing ozone. The flow of the oxygen / ozone mixture leaving the ozone generator is controlled at all times by the regulator port 28 capable of resisting vacuum and adjusting the flow to between 1 and 3 liters per minute. The activation of the ozone generator 22 includes the supply valve opening 26 and auxiliary mixing bypass pipe valve 29b. Supplying valve 26 lets oxygen enter the generator. The ozone oxygen mixture produced by the generator is then guided directly into the ozone catalyst 52 through mixing auxiliary bypass pipe valve 29b. After completion of step 370, the oxygen-ozone mixture produced by generator 22 is guided into sterilization chamber 10, as
<img file="MX337243B_D0049.tif" />
sterilization 10 by opening the mix supply valve. ,, 29a and closing the mix auxiliary bypass pipe valve, 29b. The oxygen-ozone mixture enters chamber 10 until the desired ozone concentration according to the selected cycle is reached in the chamber. The time period required for this stage is dependent on the flow rate and concentration of ozone gas in the mixture (preferably 160 to 200mg / l NTP), as determined by an ozone monitor 15 of a type known in the art. . Once the desired concentration is reached, the mix supply valve 29a is closed to seal the sterilization chamber and where the ozone / oxygen gas mixture is kept in the vacuum chamber.
Once the supply of sterilization gas (the mixture of oxygen and ozone gas) in the chamber is stopped, the generator 22 is stopped and the oxygen supply valve 26 is closed. The chamber is kept sealed for an exposure period of 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the sterilization cycle selected by the user. Also the dependent in the selected cycle, steps 350 to 390 is repeated 1 to more 3 times before sterilization is complete. This configuration conformed to the Security Assurance Level standards of 10-6 (SAL 10 - 6).
To remove all remaining hydrogen peroxide, ozone and moisture in sterilization chamber 10 after
<img file="MX337243B_D0050.tif" />
400 Ventilation is begins after the drain valve complete sterilization, the geared phase. The ventilation phase exposure period past 390. Chamber 44 opens and a vacuum is applied below at approximately 6.5 mbar. Once the vacuum pressure of
6.5 mbar is obtained, drain valve 44 ends and oxygen supply valve 21 open, confessing oxygen in sterilization chamber 10. Once atmospheric pressure is reached, oxygen supply valve 21 closes , the sterilization chamber drain valve 44 is opened, and vacuum reapplied until a pressure of 1.3 mbar is reached. This last ventilation cycle, down to 1.3 mbar, is repeated once for a total of three ventilation cycles. Once atmospheric pressure is reached after the last cycle, the door mechanism of the sterilization chamber is activated in step 410 to allow access to the contents of the sterilization chamber. The ventilation phase has two functions. Firstly, to · remove all sterilizing residues in the sterilization chamber before opening the access door, and secondly, dry the sterilized material by evaporation when vacuum pressure is applied. Of course, different vacuum pressures, cycle times, and the number of repetitions can be used, while the desired sterilizing removal ϊ
/ ϊΐρτ (Τ and drying are achieved.
Sterilizers and gas-containing moisture evacuated from sterilization chamber 10 are passed over catalyst 52 before gas is exhausted into the atmosphere to ensure complete decomposition of sterilants. Catalyst 52 is used for only two portions of the sterilization cycle, activation of generator 22 (with valves 26 and 29b) and evacuation of sterilization chamber 10. During the start phase of generator 22, the mixing auxiliary bypass pipe valve 29b opens and the ozone is guided through catalyst 52. Once the start phase of generator 22 is complete, the start pipe valve final auxiliary deviation 29b. During ventilation of the sterilization chamber 10, the sterilization chamber drain valve 44 is opened and the ozone containing the sterilization wasting gas is guided to the catalyst 52. Once the evacuation of the sterilization chamber 10 is completed, the drain valve 44 closes. Ozone circulation is ensured by vacuum pump 40. Catalyst 52 can be located in the 5 'or
3 'from vacuum pump 40.
Indeed, at 20 ° C, water is boiled up to an absolute pressure of 23.3 mbar and at 35 ° C, boiling water hydrics up to an absolute pressure of 56.3 mbar. The void in the
LO INSTITUTE OF THE PLO (
INDUSTRIAL sterilization chamber is preferably adjusted upa ... pressure where the boiling temperature of water is decreased below the temperature in the sterilization chamber. That boiling temperature may be so low that the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide solution in the evaporator unit would drop rapidly and, depending on the available energy of the surrounding structure, it may freeze if no power supply is provided. The energy needed to evaporate the hydrogen peroxide solution is obtained from many sources. This is primarily obtained from the main body of the evaporator unit 260, which is in the form of an aluminum block provided with a heater configuration (not shown). The evaporation process can also cool the humidifier to a PT where moisture condenses on the walls of the sterilization chamber. This is avoided by heating the chamber walls sufficiently to keep them at least at room temperature, preferably at 40 ° C. This is accomplished with a heater setup (not illustrated), which will be readily apparent to the person of skill in the art.
The evaporated hydrogen peroxide solution injected into the chamber increases the relative humidity in the sterilization chamber. This humidification considerably improves the efficiency of the ozone sterilization step. Sterilization gas from. Oxygen / ozone-containing is injected into the
<img file="MX337243B_D0051.tif" />
sterilization chamber moistened at an ambient temperature. Ozone-containing gas is not heated prior to injection.
Hydrogen peroxide has its limitations when it comes to sterilizing medical instruments. H202 is the least stable when they make contact with the metal, as for the example, stainless steel. This problem is aggravated at low pressures, where chemical reactions are accelerated. Therefore, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide will be accelerated in vacuo, limiting the period of time available to sterilize the long metal pipe.
Furthermore, H202 diffusion is limited since it is not gas. Hydrogen peroxide would reach the end of the long pipe by diffusion, but by that time its concentration will have decreased, due to accelerated decomposition, to a level where it is no longer sufficient for sterilization.
Applicants have discovered, as described above, that these problems cannot only be overcome by the addition of sterilizing gas, such as ozone, but that humidification of the chamber by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into free radicals improves efficacy. sterilizing gas. Furthermore, applicants have surprisingly discovered that ozone can be advantageously substituted by carbon monoxide.
<img file="MX337243B_D0052.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0053.tif" />
nitrogen, or nitric oxide. Applicants discover! Lüü That · water and oxygen generated during decomposition of hydrogen peroxide also improves the efficacy of nitric oxide.
Nitrogen monoxide (or nitric oxide) is known to be cellular toxic in low concentrations. In the presence of water and oxygen, it does NOT react to form nitrogen dioxide, NO2, which is also very toxic. In the absence of oxygen, NO does not form NO2, but reacts to form nitric acid, which is highly corrosive to other materials.
2NO + 3 H202-> 2HNO3 + 2 H2O (1)
NO2 + H202-> 2HNO3 (2)
The problem of nitric acid formation is minimized by mixing nitric oxide with hydrogen peroxide instead of water, since the required NO concentration after preconditioning of hydrogen peroxide is very low. H202 treatment weakens the spore layer, and hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, when mixed together, form free radicals, similar to the ozone reaction when mixed with hydrogen peroxide.
HO + H202-> H20 + H02. (3)
H02 + NO-> HO + NO2 (4)
HO + NO-> HONO (5)
Those radicals will react quickly to all
<img file="MX337243B_D0054.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0055.tif" />
organic substances, oxidizing them. The oxidation rate will be in the order of 109, instead of 101 for NO or 03 alone.
Applicants analyzed the effectiveness of replacing ozone gas at the beginning analyzed by another gas, such as oxygen and nitric oxide. The test evaluated sterile efficacy in inoculated devices. The inoculated wires are inserted into the pipe and then into sachets. The sachets are also placed on top of the cargo transport in the sterilization chamber. This area is considered the PT of the least efficiency in the chamber.
EXAMPLES
The same loads are used for the three series of tests carried out: ozone, oxygen oxide and nitric. The length, diameter, material, and type of pipe are different for each cycle and are described in Table 3. The inoculated lumens are placed in a special load that represents an average load for the three cycles.
Table 3: Length, diameter and pipe material for each cycle
<td>Number cycle</td><td>of the</td><td>Diameter (mm)</td><td>Length (cm)</td><td>Material</td>
<td colspan="2">Cycle 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 80</td><td>Teflon</td>
<td rowspan="2">Cico 2</td><td rowspan="2"> 1</td><td> 50</td><td>Steel</td>
<td></td><td>stainless</td>
<td>Cycle 3</td><td> 1</td><td> 110</td><td>Teflon</td>
The lumens used to evaluate sterile efficacy are inoculated according to protocol Rev MCB-09-A07 9. The wire method is used. The wires are inoculated with 10 L of a G. stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 spore suspension from 1.0x106 to 2.5x106 CFU / 10pL. The inoculated wires are left to dry overnight under normal room conditions.
Test loads are exposed to one hemicycle of each cycle. For the experiment with oxygen and nitrogen oxide, ozone is replaced by gas to be analyzed. A burette is also plugged into the valve system in order to accurately determine the H202 injected volume. After exposure, the sterility of each lumen is determined according to Rev 7 MCB-09-A04 by quantitative recovery using the ultrasound method followed by filtration.
Ozone
The reference value of sterile efficacy in the inoculated lumens used in each cycle is established using only hydrogen peroxide. Cycles using hydrogen peroxide and ozone are carried out to
β.'βΒ ^ ς, .-. κζ.ιεϊετ ·
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MEXICAN INSTITUTE -
FROM Oííls-INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY ^ ϋιη ^ 'compare the effectiveness of oxygen and nitrogen oxide to ozone.
Oxygen
Oxygen is injected into the chamber using the same system as that used for ozone. The ozone generator is turned off. Nitric oxide
However, NO is not directly injected into the chamber of an independent NO cylinder (Praxair). A Neptune valve with a 0.156 orifice (CM-900-156, TSO3 Inc.), separated by a Teflon tube is used for this injection. By doing so, gas is forced into the chamber.
All tests are conducted outside in order to limit potential hazards from casual spills. NO detector is used. A long tube is plugged into the catalyst converter unit, to allow NO to be removed far from the configuration. A calculation is carried out (see below) to determine the number of valve injections required to obtain a concentration of 2mg / l.
Valve volume: 3.3mL (Volume calculated in R-1937)
NONE NTP Density: 1.25g / L
Sterilization chamber volume: 125L
Desired final concentration: 2mg / L
NO Pressure: 3 psig
INSTITUTO mexioz.no OF industrial PROPERTY
<img file="MX337243B_D0056.tif" />
Corrected volume: 3300 x ((14.7 + 3) /14.7) = 3973.2 L
Mass to inject: 0.002 g / L x 125L = 0.25gno
Masse injected for each injection: 1.25g / L x 0.003974 L = 4.9665 X10-3 g / injection
Number of injections required: 0.25gno / 4.9665 X10-3 g / injection = 50 injections
Two lenses are located on the camera, one on the back of the bottom, and the other on the back of the top. These are exactly aligned on top of each other. One lense ultraviolet light emitted from a tungsten source, and another lense is connected to an ultraviolet light detector. This setting allowed the quantification of the hydrogen peroxide vapor in the chamber.
Hydrogen peroxide has some inactivating activity VS spores of G. stearothermophilus. However, the percentage of sterility achieved in lumens is not enough to use on its own, especially for long and rigid flexible lumens. The results for hydrogen peroxide and other gases mixed with hydrogen peroxide are summarized in Table 4.
Sterile lumens
Table 4. The percentage of sterility for three TSO3 cycles with the different sterilizing agent mixed with the hydrogen peroxide.
Agent of
Ό f
INSTiTmO
DC INDUSTRIAL POPULATION
<img file="MX337243B_D0057.tif" />
<td>Sterilization Used</td><td>Cycle 1</td><td>Cycle 2</td><td>Cycle 3</td>
<td>H202</td><td> 50%</td><td> 12.5%</td><td> 16%</td>
<td>H202 + 03</td><td> 77%</td><td> 50%</td><td> 77%</td>
<td>H202 + 02</td><td> 11%</td><td> 0%</td><td> 77%</td>
<td>H202 + NO</td><td> 100%</td><td> 66%</td><td> 66%</td>
In the case of oxygen mixed with hydrogen peroxide, the concentrations equivalent to the dose of ozone are used in each cycle, in other words, 2 mg. 02 / L for cycle 1, 10mg / l for cycle 2, and finally 3mg / l for cycle 3. Oxygen hindered the efficiency of the process in Cycles 1 and 2 compared to hydrogen peroxide alone or mixed with ozone . In Cycle 3, the efficiency of the process with oxygen or ozone is equivalent. Consequently, oxygen is found to be ineffective in replacing ozone.
Although nitric oxide is a known disinfecting agent, it is never mixed with hydrogen peroxide, since the mixture can be explosive in high concentrations. To minimize the danger of explosion, NO concentration is limited to 2mg / l for three cycles of a first series of tests. Sterility is achieved for some samples in all cycles so the nitrogen monoxide concentration is not further increased. The results are very conclusive, that is, better than or similar to the ozone mixed with the controls.
<img file="MX337243B_D0058.tif" />
i xvl
INSTITUTE OF THE
INDUSTRIAL
<img file="MX337243B_D0059.tif" />
hydrogen peroxide.
Even if none verify the inactivation of G.stearothermophilus spores by NO in this study, it is demonstrated in multiple studies that the rate of NO inactivation is low. When NOT injected into a sterilization chamber and combined with moist air, it does NOT react with oxygen at a predictable rate to form NO2, which is lethal to G. stearothermophilus spores. When NOT injected into a sterilization chamber without the presence of oxygen atoms, NO does not form NO2, and the spores are not sterilized (http://www.mddionline.com/article/sterilizing-combination- products-uslng-oxides- nitrogen). Based on the Noxilizer sterilization process editor data, at 5.12mg / l NO2, the D-value is only 0.3 minutes. At 3mg / l, the D value is approximately 1.9 minutes.
In this experiment, the amount of NO injected is 2mg / l. Taking into account that all NONE molecules are transformed into NO2, a D-value of 1.9 minutes for a concentration of 2mg / l of NO2, only 2.5 log of spores would have been inactivated by NO2. This less than 6 log present in inoculated devices. In reality, the NO rate of change in N02 is probably not 100%, and the D-value is more than 1.9 minutes. Thus the amount of NO-inactivated spores is probably only more about 1 log.
Cape Dara
<img file="MX337243B_D0060.tif" />
The substitution of ozone by another gas · is analyzed tj'ir cycles of the present process. Injection of hydrogen peroxide is carried out as usual. Two gases are analyzed. The first, oxygen, did not achieve conclusive results. Sterility is not achieved in two of the three cycles.
Nitric oxide is also analyzed. The results show complete sterility in three cycles. The concentration used for all tests is low. Only 2mg / l is injected for all three tests. The use of these chemicals could be considered in the future. However, significant changes to the sterilizer will have to be made to accommodate this. Since NO2 is formed during cycles, only compatible materials could be used as well, protective equipment, similar eg NO detector should be considered.
Other sterilizing gases that can interact with hydrogen peroxide to continue the formation of free radicals could be used to replace ozone, such chloride dioxide.
Furthermore, many different molecules can have the same effect as hydrogen peroxide on ozone. Some ions can also have the catalytic effect of hydrogen peroxide on ozone. Co2 +, Ni2 +, Cu2 +, Mn2 +, Zn2 +, 2 + Cr2 + and Fe2 +, Ti2 + ions enhance the
<img file="MX337243B_D0061.tif" />
ozone decomposition (Ahmed et al., TÜO'ST'T ^ All transition metals that can form a molecule with oxygen will decompose ozone. Positive ions will try to become neutral by obtaining an oxygen atom to the ozone molecule. Ozone molecule is more or less stable it will easily provide the oxygen atom.Water with an alkaline pH will be richer in hydroxyl ions.Hydroxyl ions decompose ozone into atomic oxygen. Those oxygen atoms can later form hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, any molecule that can be used to make the pH of the alkaline solution will promote ozone decomposition. Suitable examples are NaOH or
KOH.
Another source of hydroxyl radicals is all solvents that contain an alcohol group. Those solvents will provide OH ions and promote ozone dilution. In the same vein, the format and the humic substances can initiate the chain towards radical formation (Vidriado et al., 1987). Some acids can also be used, such as acetic acid and paraacetic acid. Ozone is more soluble and stable in the acidic solution, it will be able to react longer and be more concentrated. Any molecule that contains carbonate, bromine, phosphate or sulfate group will also decompose ozone (Beltran, 2004).
<img file="MX337243B_D0062.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0063.tif" />
As shown in FIGs 2 and 7, the nníHad administration 200 includes a bottle holder unit 202 for receiving a bottle of sealed hydrogen peroxide solution 180. The holder unit has a bottle seat 204 where the bottle 180 is conveniently received. Flask 180, of which they will be mentioned in more detail additionally less than, is held in seat 204 by gravity only. Support unit 202 is rotatably mounted on pivot 203 for movement between an open position as illustrated in Figure 7, that bottle 180 can be placed in or removed from the support unit and a closed position where the Support unit is completely inside the sterilizer cabinet (not shown) and a 205 cover of the support unit closes off all access to the support unit from outside the cabinet. When the support unit 202 is in the closed position, a pneumatically activated drainage configuration 207, including a needle pulse, in this embodiment a vertically oriented pneumatic cylinder 208, and a drainage needle 209 mounted on the cylinder rod 210' , is activated to drain all the hydrogen peroxide solution from bottle 180. This is accomplished by activating cylinder 208 to force needle 209 through the vial seal until the needle tip reaches the bottom of vial 180. Needle 209 is
<img file="MX337243B_D0064.tif" />
fluidly connected to reservoir 240— (oí © jí — la — Exg, u £ a „^ L ..,„. and the solution is aspirated from bottle 180 and into reservoir 240 using the vacuum generated by the vacuum pump 44 whereby reservoir 240 can be fluidly connected by conduit 211 and valve 212 (see Figure 1). Once the contents of bottle 180 have been aspirated, the support unit can be opened and the bottle removed, or the empty bottle can be held in the support unit until resupply of reservoir 240 is required. Reservoir 240 is provided with a level sensor 242 that provides a signal to the control system at the liquid level in the tank. Based on the signal received from sensor 242, the control system notifies the user if the amount of liquid in reservoir 240 is insufficient to execute the cycle selected by the user.
In an alternate mode, the hydrogen peroxide supply system does not include a reservoir. Instead, bottle 180 itself is cooled (CS-01) to prevent rapid degradation of aqueous hydrogen peroxide. A sensor (S14) measures the amount of solution kept in the bottle. When the solution reaches a pre-selected level, an Anger warning appears on the screen and when a pre-selected level lower, 2nd is reached, the message generated from the software to the operator specifies that only one more sterilization cycle # 1 or # 2 can be executed with the
<img file="MX337243B_D0065.tif" />
remaining solution in the bottle. The operator will then have to refill the delivery system with a fresh, freshly filled bottle.
As shown in FIG.s 10a to 10, bottle 180 has a conical bottom 182 to ensure complete drainage of all liquid in the bottle, thus reducing the danger of falling or contamination in the disposal of a drained bottle. In order to ensure that bottle 180 remains straight, a bracket 184 is attached to the bottom end of the bottle. Bracket 184 includes a snap-fit upturned concave shape 185 fitted into a circumferential groove 186 in the outer wall of vial 187. Needle 209 is aligned with the lower PT at the bottom of vial and is movable in the vial , through the bottle seal, until this reaches the lowest PT in the bottle. Mechanical, electronic or other control structures and functions are provided to ensure contact of the needle with the bottom of the bottle by preventing penetration of the bottom of the bottle. A pressure sensor is preferably incorporated in the corresponding needle pulse and / or the needle holder (not shown).
Control system
The sterilization apparatus is preferably controlled by the Reaction Scheme presented in the diagram
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE EE THE INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX337243B_D0066.tif" />
of electrical blocks (Figure 9 and Flow chart of * Prccgggr '· (Figure 3). The control system is built around a shelf PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). This shelf contains a power supply (107) a unit of CPU (108), a Device Network Transceiver (109), a 32 24 volt DC x input module
<td>individual</td><td> (110),</td><td> 16</td><td>x 120VAC output module</td><td>individual</td>
<td colspan="2">(111) and finally</td><td> 16</td><td>transistor output module</td><td>individual</td>
<td>(112), a</td><td>module</td><td>of</td><td>RS232C communication. Everybody</td><td>those</td>
Modules are stacked together by an intrinsic bonding system containing data and address bus.
Device Network is an industrial serial communications protocol largely used in the industry for instrumentation and control. In this sterilization apparatus, the Device Network transceiver (109) is used to communicate on the full duplex, the data between the CPU (109) and the 15-bit A / D converter (106), a D-converter 15-bit / A (125) and both Digital Temperature Interconnects (120), (121).
The CPU CPU has three RS232 ports. One is used receive and send data to the Touch Screen Terminal (118), the other is used send data to a thermal printer (119) and the last port is used as a service port where a personal computer (Personal Computer) can be connected to communicate with the CPU CPU (108) to charge
<img file="MX337243B_D0067.tif" />
IHSTiYUTC. ^ 'The control protocol program. (Control Protocol Program is not in scope of this document).
The Touch Screen terminal (118) is located in front of the sterilizer next to the thermal printer (119). The Thermal and Terminal Printer Touch Screen constitutes a User Interface terminal.
Power required for: thermal printer (119), Device Network Link, (109), (106), (120), (121), (125), Chamber Pressure Sensor (104) electronic oxygen regulator (126) and individual PLC data input (111) and individual outputs (112 are provided by the DC Power Supply (103).
The Chamber Pressure Sensor (104) and Ozone Monitor (105) have a conventional 0 to 10VDC output signal. The electronic Oxygen Regulator has an ouput of 0 to 5 VDC. All signals are sent to a 15-bit A / D converter. All converted signals are sent to the CPU by the Device network on the digital link for processing.
The input power (of 100) of the sterilizer is a three wire 208 to 240 single phase type VAC without the neutral. The input power is filtered to prevent RFI carried out (101). The energy is distributed by the energy distribution buss (102) to various electrical systems of the sterilizer apparatus.
Institute
OF THE. i) *
INÜUS'ÍKiÁL use en-fríari gÍ.<sup>11</sup> cooling refreshing unit (113).
A cooling system (60) is ozone generator. This system includes (114) and circulation pump pump
The temperature of the coolant in the generator is detected by an RTD located in the generator. The temperature is sent to the CPU (108) by the Device Network system (109) (120) (121). The refrigerant circulation pump (113) and cooling unit (114) are controlled by contactor switches activated by PLC outputs (111) which in turn are controlled by the software protocol. All the input and output required to achieve the control of the refrigeration system is listed in the electrical block diagram as: Circulation Pump Pump Relay, Refrigeration System Relay, Circulation Pump Overload Sensor, Refrigeration system, Low pressure Refrigerant and Switch
Refrigerant Flow.
The vacuum control system includes the vacuum pump 40 and a pressure sensor 104. The start and end operations of the vacuum pump are controlled according to the control protocol. All the input and output required for the vacuum system is listed in the diagram: Vacuum Pump contactor switch, Vacuum pump not running sensor, Vacuum Pump Overload sensor, Vacuum to Chamber Valve ( 44), the Air Press the Valve (18) and
INDUS-ifdAL
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INSTITUTE ? OF THE Γ
<img file="MX337243B_D0068.tif" />
Oxygen to the Chamber Valve (21). The pressure sensor output is converted by the 15 bit A / D converter (106) and sent to the CPU by the Digital Link Device Network (109). The pressure sensor also has two individual outputs that indicate to the CPU (108) the following conditions: Chamber Pressure Sensor in Failure of Heater Chamber Pressure Sensor and Temperature. Those two signals are listed on the electrical block diagram as PLC data input.
IO The sterilization chamber door actuator system includes a screw-type electrical pulse and four inductive sensors that allow detection of door closing and the immobilized or unlocked position of the actuator as part of the control protocol. The door opening system is also used in the alarm conditions management protocol to ensure user safety. All the input and output required to achieve the door actuator system is listed on the electrical block diagram as: Immobilize the Relay
Door, Unlock Door Relay, Lower Sensor Door closed (S2), Upper Sensor Door closed (51), Immobilized Sensor Door (S4) and Sensor Door Unlocked (S3).
The Ozone power supply (116) includes a full wave rectifier, an oscillator circuit, and a high voltage transformer. The transformer output is
<img file="MX337243B_D0069.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0070.tif" />
connected to the ozone generator (22). The power supply (116) is mounted as a resonator using the non-ideal characteristics of the high voltage transformer. The CPU 108 controls that ozone production and ensures via ozone monitor 104 and Electronic Oxygen Regulator (126), that the desired concentration for sterilization is achieved and maintained throughout the sterilization cycle. All the input and output required by the Ozone Generation System is listed in the diagram as: Oxygen Supply Valve (26), Ozone to Chamber Valve (29a), Ozone Weir to Catalyst Valve (29b), Monitor Zeroing), High Voltage Backup Relay, High Voltage Current Limiter, High Temperature Rectifier Sensor, High Voltage Ozone Overload sensor, Ozone Monitor Failure.
The oxygen supply system is a unit called the Electronic Oxygen Pressure Regulator. A proportional valve (26) that also closes the oxygen is controlled by an integrated PID circuit that converts an analog signal from an absolute pressure sensor (27). The PID then sends the current proper duty cycle to the proportional valve (26). With the hole 28 this system constitutes an oxygen flow regulator. Mechanical regulator 24 is used as a first stage regulator to decrease the oxygen pressure from 60 psi to 10 psi.
<img file="MX337243B_D0071.tif" />
INST_____
<img file="MX337243B_D0072.tif" />
Electronic regulator also provides alarm condition protocol to ensure user protection. Data input used for the alarm condition is listed on the electrical block diagram as: High Pressure Oxygen Sensor and Low Pressure Oxygen Sensor. Also, the electronic oxygen pressure regulator provided 0 to 5VDC analog readout output by ND converter 106 minimum device network network.
. The control system is provided with a user interface 118. In the preferred embodiment, this interface includes a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display (LCD) screen 118, a printer 119 for performance reporting, and a communications port 153 ( RS-232 serial) user permission to receive and transmit the necessary information for the use of the device. It will be readily apparent to the person skilled in the art that other types of user interfaces can be used, such as touch-sensitive bearings, keyboards, or the like, and other types of communication interfaces. The thermal printer status entered appear on the electrical block diagram as: Printer Off Process Sensor and Document Printer.
Distribution system control processing
At this time, two configurations of a
H202
<img file="MX337243B_D0073.tif" />
<img file="MX337243B_D0074.tif" />
H202 distribution are possible. The He rnntrnl ... system could be used for both systems. The first system depicted in the present application in Figure 7 and Figure 8 is primarily a bottle of H202 (180) rinsed in a thermoregulated reservoir (240) Figure 8. This first system will be described in terms of FIGs 7,8,9 and 2. All input and output sensors described in the following appear in the list of inputs and outputs of the control system listed in Figure 9. When the strerilizer is initialized first, door 12 closes and the closed position is detected by switch S7. No vial is detected in the support unit by (S6), the puncture needle is also retracted into position by cylinder PA 01 (208). S8 and S9 provide sensing to the up and down position of the cylinder (208). Also, the actuator PA 02 is retracted into the support unit in the unlocked position. The user is invited by the message on the screen (118) to open the door (205) and insert an H202 bottle in the support unit. So when the bottle is detected by S6, another message on the screen (118) invites the user to close the door (205) that is detected by S7. The software control is carried out by the CPU 108 and condition sensors. The bottle is configured by gravity on a rotating base (209). The CPU starts motor M 02 to rotate bottle 180. A BAR CODE READER SCIENCE DEGREE 01
<img file="MX337243B_D0075.tif" />
(Figure 2,) (122) Figure 9 reads a ^ cte barrere-erf-frl · · jar code. The CPU checks the bottle expiration date and if the bottle is past its expiration date, door 205 remains unlocked and a message on screen (118) invites the user to change the bottle for the other. If the date is correct, the CPU ends M of motor 02 and immobilizes door (205), activating PA 02 (Figure 2). Then the CPU drives cylinder (208) for needle 209 to pierce the sealed lid of the vial until S9 senses the needle in the down position. Then the bottle is completely emptied into tank 240 by the suction provided through valve (212) and vacuum from the pump (40). Door 205 remains immobilized until all H202 in the reservoir has been used. S10 level sensors and Sil provide the necessary conditions to the CPU to estimate if another bottle is needed. If so, the needle is withdrawn from the bottle and the door. (205) is unlocked and the user is invited by a message on screen (118) to replace bottle H202.
Description of alternate and preferred H202 distribution system
The distribution system that follows does not include the chilled tank (240). Instead, H202 remains in bottle (180). S10 level detectors and Sil are removed and replaced by an ultrasonic level detector which is the
IMPI
MEXICAN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY
<img file="MX337243B_D0076.tif" />
spring loaded VS one side of the bottle near the bottom and used as a low level detector to signal an empty bottle to the CPU. Since this sensor is spring loaded, this adds too much friction to the bottle to use motor M 02. Therefore, the user is invited by a message on the screen (118) to manually rotate the bottle until the bars read by (SCIENCE DEGREE 01) Figure 9 from Figure 2 or (122). If the bottle is not out of date, the user is invited to close the door (205) and the CPU immobilizes the bottle holder unit compartment and operates (208) to prick the needle down. In which preferred mode, the support unit H202 is thermoregulated by a Peltier cell unit. An RTD attached to the support unit and connected to the temperature interconnect (121) sends data to the CPU (108) over the Device Network network and the CPU controls the PID function for the amount of energy that is applies to the Peltier cell unit. The Peltier unit is supplied by the 12VDC (121) power supply also used for the air compressor by activating the pneumatic system consisting of SV-15, SV-16, actuators (PA 02 and PA 01) in Figure 2. Between each cycle, the process connected between bottle H202 (180) and micro valve module (240) will be purged by SV20. Near the module inlet (240) a foam optical detector snapped shut in the process
<img file="MX337243B_D0077.tif" />
Η202 will indicate total replenishment .¡jf?, 1 <sub>r</sub>-i air in the process.
To that PT both H202 distribution systems can supply the micro valve module (240). The micro valves (SV-18 and SV19) interact for a predetermined operating cycle program on an on-board micro regulator circuit that generates the appropriate momentum pulses for both micro valves. That electronic circuit is activated by a signal from the CPU (108) called H202 repeatedly step on regulator signal FIGURE 9. Under software control, an appropriate amount of H202 is allowed at the humidifier dispenser (260, Figl). This distributor is thermoregulated by the CPU (108) using RTD data (TT-04, Figure 1) and controlling the HTR-01 heater (Figure 1) by the PID function. Then the H202 is vaporized in the distributor (260) and the steam is sent to the vacuum chamber through the pipe (280, Figure 1).
In the foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, the various details are set forth in order to provide a careful understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that these specific details are not required in order to practice the invention. In other cases, well known sterilizer structures and circuits are shown in block diagram or symbol form in order
<img file="MX337243B_D0078.tif" />
not to obscure the invention. For example, specific details are not provided as to whether certain parts of the sterilizer controls are implemented as a software routine, hardware circuitry, firmware, or a combination thereof.
The previously described embodiments of the invention are intended to be examples only. Modifications, modifications and variations may be made to the particular embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
TABLE III
Oxygenic circuit
<td>FTR-01</td><td>Oxygen Inlet Filter</td>
<td>RG-01</td><td>Oxygen pressure regulator</td>
<td>sv-oi</td><td>Oxygen Supply Valve</td>
<td>FS-01</td><td>Oxygen Pressure Switch</td>
<td>FI-01</td><td>Oxygen Flow Indicator</td>
<td>SV-05</td><td>Chamber Oxygen Valve</td>
Ozone circuit
<td></td><td>Generator</td><td>ozone</td><td></td>
<td>TT-01</td><td>Refrigeration</td><td>Generator</td><td>of</td>
<td></td><td>Ozone or</td><td>Transmitter</td><td>of</td>
<td></td><td>temperatures</td><td></td><td></td>
IM F! 7
INSTI'i
L) tL,
<td>AOZ-OI</td><td>Ozone monitor</td><td>lilis</td>
<td></td><td>Orifice (used to regulate the ozone flowing into the chamber)</td><td rowspan="3"></td>
<td>SV-02</td><td>Chamber Ozone Valve</td>
<td>SV-04</td><td>Poured Ozone Valve ( auxiliary deviation)</td>
<img file="MX337243B_D0079.tif" />
Air circuit
<td>AC 01</td><td>Air compressor</td>
<td>EN - 01</td><td>Compressed air tank</td>
<td>PS-03</td><td>Th pressure for compressor air</td>
<td>RG-03</td><td>Air pressure regulator</td>
<td>Pl-03</td><td>Air pressure indicator</td>
<td>FTR-03</td><td>Air intake filter</td>
Aluminum Block
<td>TT-04</td><td>Temperature transmitter Aluminum Block</td><td>of</td>
<td>1-ITR-0I</td><td colspan="2">Heating element</td>
STERIZONE Solution Circuit
<td>SV-17</td><td>H202 fill valve</td>
<td>SV-21</td><td>H202 vent valve</td>
<td>SV-18</td><td>H202 inlet valve</td>
<td>S 7- 9H</td><td>202 valve exhaust valve</td>
<td>SV-20</td><td>[H202 bleed valve]</td>
TABLE III, continued
STERIZONE Solution Supply System
<img file="MX337243B_D0080.tif" />
<td>S6</td><td>The sensor (detects</td><td>the</td><td>absence of the</td>
<td></td><td colspan="2">presence of state)</td><td>STERIZONE solution</td>
<td>S7</td><td colspan="2">The sensor (detects the Solution compartment</td><td>open end of STERIZONE status)</td>
<td>S8</td><td>The sensor (detects higher)</td><td>to the</td><td>PA 01 position</td>
<td>S9</td><td>The sensor (detects lower)</td><td>the</td><td>FA 01 position</td>
<td>S12</td><td colspan="2">The sensor (detects the STERIZONE solution unlocked status)</td><td>compartment immobilized</td>
<td>S13</td><td colspan="3">Sensor (detects compartment access Solution STERIZONE of a condition open and closed)</td>
<td>S14</td><td>The sensor (detects the in the bottle)</td><td colspan="2">lower level of H202</td>
<td>S15</td><td>The sensor (detects the air in the process</td><td colspan="2">bubble presence</td>
<td>SV-15</td><td>The air pilot click actuators</td><td colspan="2">valve for needle</td>
<td></td><td colspan="3">PM-900-014</td>
<td>SV-16</td><td colspan="2">The air pilot</td><td>valve for the</td>
»Λ ί
IMS
<img file="MX337243B_D0081.tif" />
<td rowspan="2"></td><td>STERIZONE Solution compartment „</td>
<td>immobilizes the actuator</td>
<td>Β-01</td><td>Tailor Made Candle Bottom STERIZONE Solution bottle</td>
<td>DEGREE IN SCIENCES 01</td><td>Barcode scanner for bottle</td>
<td>PA 01</td><td>Pneumatic lancing actuator</td>
<td>FA 02</td><td>Fneumatic actuator for locking Fixing of Solution compartment STERIZONE</td>
<td>PA 03</td><td>Ix Pneumatic Actuator Pricks Needle to focus</td>
<td>M 02</td><td>The electric motor that spins the flask for code scanning bars</td>
<td>CS-01</td><td>Cooling system or bottle</td>
<td>VS - 02</td><td>Vacuum switch (to fill and purge process H202)</td>
<td>Camera of sterilization</td><td>YES</td>
<td>Door switch Higher Closed</td><td>S2</td>
<td>Door</td><td>S4</td>
Τ Ό ΤΓ
J.Í. .VA ,, 'Γ .Η.
L'¿ L · '.
<td>switch lower Closed</td><td>...... - - - iNui.Vf .. ·</td>
<td>Door switch Immobilized</td><td>S3</td>
<td>Door switch Unlocked</td><td>PT 01</td>
<td>Camera Transmitter Fressure</td><td>VS - 01</td>
<td>Switch of Void of camera.</td><td>TT-03,5,6</td>
<td>Transmitters Of temperature Of camera</td><td></td>
<td>TT-07</td><td>Chamber Door Temperature Transmitter</td>
<td>Circuit to empty</td><td>SV-06</td>
<td>Valve Void of camera</td><td>M 01</td>
<td>Fump series</td><td>M 01</td>
<img file="MX337243B_D0082.tif" />
INSTITUTE
OF THE INDUSTRIAL PRCFiíiUAD
<td>vacuum</td><td></td>
<td>state</td><td></td>
<td>marker</td><td></td>
<td>CAT 01</td><td>Vacuum pump contactor switch</td>
<td>Catalyst</td><td>Circuit Dried Catalyst</td>
<td>FTR-02</td><td>Muffler</td>
<td>SV-11</td><td>Air to Catalyst Valve (</td>
<td></td><td>Catalyst Dryer)</td>
TABLE III, continued
<td colspan="2">PM-900-002</td>
<td colspan="2">Refrigeration Circuit</td>
<td>FS-02</td><td>Refrigerant Flow Switch</td>
<td>M 05</td><td>State Circulation Pump Series</td>
<td></td><td>marker</td>
<td>M 05</td><td>Circulation pump Overload</td>
<td></td><td>Circulation pump contactor switch</td>
<td></td><td></td>
<td>FS-02</td><td>Compressor Decreases Pressure Switch</td>
<td>M 06</td><td>Compressor series signaling status</td>
<td>M 06</td><td>Compressor contactor switch</td>
<td></td><td>Overload compressor</td>
<img file="MX337243B_D0083.tif" />
Contents40
95 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31 Sheet 32 Sheet 33 Sheet 34 Sheet 35 Sheet 36 Sheet 37 Sheet 38 Sheet 39 Sheet 40 Sheet 41 Sheet 42 Sheet 43 Sheet 44 Sheet 45 Sheet 46 Sheet 47 Sheet 48 Sheet 49 Sheet 50 Sheet 51 Sheet 52 Sheet 53 Sheet 54 Sheet 55 Sheet 56 Sheet 57 Sheet 58 Sheet 59 Sheet 60 Sheet 61 Sheet 62 Sheet 63 Sheet 64 Sheet 65 Sheet 66 Sheet 67 Sheet 68 Sheet 69 Sheet 70 Sheet 71 Sheet 72 Sheet 73 Sheet 74 Sheet 75 Sheet 76 Sheet 77 Sheet 78 Sheet 79 Sheet 80 Sheet 81 Sheet 82 Sheet 83 Sheet 84 Sheet 85 Sheet 86 Sheet 87 Sheet 88 Sheet 89 Sheet 90 Sheet 91 Sheet 92 Sheet 93 Sheet 94 Sheet 95
139 members in 15 offices
Priority claims3
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61247197 | United States of America | – | |
| 24719709 | United States of America | P | |
| 2010001518 | Canada | W |
Members139
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| US2011076192A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
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| ZA201201389B | South Africa | B | |
| HK1167618A | Hong Kong, China | A | |
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| EP2601978A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP2601979A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP2601980A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP2482859A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| EP2609937A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| JP2013144159A | Japan | A | |
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| AU2013201176B2 | Australia | B2 | |
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| HK1185818A | Hong Kong, China | A | |
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| ES2469396T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| AU2013201185B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| EP2601978B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ES2531976T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| CA2767726C | Canada | C | |
| EP2601977B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| EP2601980B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US9101679B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| ES2543704T3 | Spain | T3 | |
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| EP2609937B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US2015352238A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| BR122013010293A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| BR122013010296A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| JP5855045B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| MX337243BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| ES2562626T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| BR122013010289A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| BR122013010297A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| BR122013010298A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| BR122013010299A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| EP2482859B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| JP2016073677A | Japan | A | |
| EP2601979B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US9402928B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP3056224A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US9427485B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| ES2586568T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| ES2586831T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| US9474815B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US9480763B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US9480764B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US9480765B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| KR20160131128A | Republic of Korea | A |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Grant or registrationFG | FG |
Numbers
- Publication
- 337243
- Application
- 3502
Titles2
- Spanish
- METODO Y APARATO DE ESTERILIZACION.
- English
- STERILIZATION METHOD AND APPARATUS.
Classification
- CPC, 9
- A61L2/202
- A61L2/20
- A61L2202/122
- A61L2202/13
- A61L2202/14
- B65D23/001
- A61L2/208
- A61L2103/15
- A61L2/24
- IPC, 3
- A61L2 20
- A61L2 24
- A61L2 26