Digital signal processing for plc communications having communication frequencies.
Abstract
The aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward receiving devices and methods utilizing the receiving devices. This method includes converting to a digital form using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an analog input signal from the power distribution lines that carry the electrical energy using alternating current (AC). This digital input signal may be a sampled digital signal, wherein the digital signal is over-sampled relative to downstream processing (eg, FFT base processing). A processing circuit (s) may then be used to decipher the digital input signal in accordance with a decimation ratio. A reference signal may be generated by the processing circuit which is in response to the decimation ratio. The processing circuit may also be used to detect a change in a phase difference between the AC and the reference signal and to modify, in response to the detection of a change in phase difference, the decimation ratio to counteract the Change detected in the phase difference.

Term
6.2 yearsleft in the term
Expires 14 December 2032.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
18 claims: 2 independent, 16 dependent
- 1de Ια Propiedad Habiéndose descrito la invención como antecede, reclama como propiedad a lo contenido en las siguientes reivindicaciones:1. Un aparato basado en circuitos que comprende: un circuito transceptor configurado y colocado para comunicarse a través de líneas de distribución de energía que llevan la energía eléctrica utilizando la corriente alternante (AC);uno o más circuitos de procesamiento configurados y colocados para proporcionar un módulo convertidor de analógico-a-digital configurado para generar una señal digital de entrada de una señal analógica que fue recibida en el circuito transceptor;en donde el aparato se caracterizada porque comprende además un módulo decimador configurado para producir, en respuesta a una relación variable de decimación, una señal digital decimada;un módulo generador de señal de referencia configurado para generar una señal de referencia que tiene una respuesta de frecuencia a la relación de decimación;y un módulo de modificación de decimación configurado y colocado para modificar, en respuesta a una indicación de Instituto cambio en una diferencia de fase entre la señal de y la AC, la relación de decimación para contrarrestar i^USflíal diferencia de fase.
- 2El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el modulo generador de señal de referencia es configurado y colocado para generar la señal de referencia utilizando un sintetizador digital directo.
- 3El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el módulo decimador es configurado y colocado para establecer la relación de decimación en un número fijo de muestras de entrada FFT por cada periodo de la AC.
- 4El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque el módulo de modificación de decimación es configurado y colocado para establecer la relación de decimación en un número fijo de muestras de entrada FFT por cada símbolo transmitido.
- 5El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque además incluye un módulo de procesamiento de señal configurado y colocado para desmodular la señal digital de entrada decimada.
- 6El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque además incluye un módulo de procesamiento de señal configurado y colocado para desmodular la señal digital de entrada decimada de acuerdo con una Instituto técnica de distribución de espectro de acceso múltiple. ¿Le M@XÍGQno déla Propiedad división de frecuencia ortogonal (OFDMA) . Industrial
- 7El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque uno o más de los circuitos de procesamiento además son configurados y colocados para proporcionar los módulos en paralelo para múltiples canales que tienen diferentes frecuencias portadoras.
- 8El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque uno o más de los circuitos de procesamiento además son configurados y colocados para proporcionar un módulo derivativo configurado y colocado para producir la indicación de cambio en una diferencia de fase entre la señal de referencia y la AC.
- 9El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque uno o más de los circuitos de procesamiento además son configurados y colocados para proporcionar un módulo controlador proporcional-integralderivativo (PID) y en donde el módulo controlador PID es configurado y colocado para producir la indicación de cambio en una diferencia de fase entre la señal de referencia y la AC.
- 10El aparato de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque uno o más de los circuitos de procesamiento además son configurados y colocados para proporcionar un módulo fijo de decimación que decima la señal digital de entrada de decimación. Instituí© Mexicano acuerdo con una relación f Industrial
- 11Un método para usar un aparato de base de circuito que tiene un convertidor de analógico-a-digital 5 (ADC) y un circuito procesador de señal, el método comprende:convertir a una forma digital, utilizando un convertidor de analógico-a-digital (ADC) , una señal de entrada analógica de las líneas de distribución de energía que llevan la energía eléctrica utilizando la corriente 10 alternante (AC);en donde el método está caracterizado por utilizar el circuito de procesamiento de señal para decimar la señal digital de entrada de acuerdo con una relación de decimación variable;generar una señal de referencia que es en respuesta 15 a la relación de decimación;detectar un cambio en una diferencia de fase entre la AC y la señal de referencia;y modificar, en respuesta a la detección de un cambio en la diferencia de fase, la relación de decimación para 20 contrarrestar el cambio detectado en la diferencia de fase.
- 12El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento para decimar la señal digital de entrada Instituto incluye producir una señal decimada que tiene una relacj^^ muestra que toma en cuenta los cambios de frecuencia en la Ü3tíusfrfaI frecuencias de canal portador que son provocados por los correspondientes cambios en la frecuencia de la AC.
- 13El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento además incluye detectar un cambio en una diferencia de fase multiplicando una señal digital de entrada decimada con la señal de referencia.
- 14El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento además incluye detectar el cambio en la diferencia de fase multiplicando una señal digital de entrada decimada con la señal de referencia y aplicar un filtro en una salida de la multiplicación.
- 15El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento además incluye generar la señal de referencia ajustando la frecuencia de la señal de referencia en un valor que correlaciona las frecuencias virtuales de canal portador para la frecuencia de la señal de referencia con la relación de decimación.
- 16El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento además incluye desmodular los símbolos Instituto modulados de acuerdo con uno de un cambio de fase . de Mexicano de ια Propiedad múltiples tonos codificado, y un cambio de frecuencia de Industrial múltiples tonos codificado, y en donde la desmodulación utiliza la señal digital de entrada decimada.
- 17El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento además incluye desmodular la señal digital de entrada decimada de acuerdo con una técnica de distribución de espectro de acceso múltiple de división de frecuencia ortogonal (OFDMA).
- 18El método de conformidad con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque la utilización de un circuito de procesamiento además incluye modificar la relación de decimación para contrarrestar el escape espectral debido al desajuste en el tiempo de llenado FFT y las frecuencias de canal portador. RESUMEN DE LA INVENCION Instituto Mexicano Los aspectos de la presente descripciálP Industrial dirigidos hacia dispositivos receptores y métodos utilización de los dispositivos receptores. Este método incluye la conversión a una forma digital, utilizando un convertidor de analógico-a-digital (ADC), y una señal de entrada analógica de las líneas de distribución de energía que llevan la energía eléctrica utilizando la corriente alternante (AC) . Esta señal digital de entrada puede ser una señal digital sobre muestreada, en donde la señal digital es sobre muestreada con relación al procesamiento corriente abajo (por ejemplo, el procesamiento de base FFT). Un circuito de procesamiento(s) puede ser entonces utilizado para decimar la señal digital de entrada de acuerdo con una relación de decimación. Una señal de referencia puede ser generada por el circuito de procesamiento que es en respuesta a la relación de decimación. El circuito de procesamiento también puede ser utilizado para detectar un cambio en una diferencia de fase entre la AC y la señal de referencia y para modificar, en respuesta a la detección de un cambio en la diferencia de fase, la relación de decimación para contrarrestar el cambio detectado en la diferencia de fase.
Independent claims18
238 paragraphs in 13 sections, as filed
(43) Publication date:
(22) Filing date (21) Application number:
01/15/2016 (51) Int. Cl: G05B 01/11 (<sup>200β</sup>·°1)
19/06/2014
2014007440 (86) PCT application number: US 12/69898 (87) PCT publication number: WO 2013/096134 (06/27/2013) (30) Priority (s): 12/22/2011 US 13 / 334,522 (71 ) Applicant:
LANDIS + GYR TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
6436 County Road 11 56472 Pequot Lakes Minnesota
US (72) Inventor (s):
Chad WOLTER
29802 Belgian Drive Breezy Point Minnesota 56472 US Stuart L. HAUG Bryce D. JOHNSON (74) Representative:
Eugenio PÉREZ PÉREZ
Hamburgo No. 260 CUAUHTEMOC Distrito Federal 06600 MX (54) Title: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR POWER LINE COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATIONS (PLC) THAT HAVE COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES.
(54) Tltle: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR PLC COMMUNICATIONS HAVING COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES.
(57) Summary
Aspects of the present description are directed toward receiving devices and methods of using the receiving devices. This method includes conversion to a digital form, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an analog input signal from power distribution lines that carry electrical energy using alternating current (AC). This input digital signal may be an oversampled digital signal, where the digital signal is oversampled relative to downstream processing (eg, FFT base processing). A processing circuit (s) can then be used to decimate the input digital signal according to a decimation ratio. A reference signal can be generated by the processing circuitry that is in response to the decimation ratio. The processing circuit can also be used to detect a change in a phase difference between the AC and the reference signal and to modify, in response to the detection of a change in the phase difference, the decimation ratio to counteract the change detected in phase difference.
(57) Abstract
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward receiver devices and methods of using receiver devices. One such method ineludes converting, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an analog input signal from power distribution lines that carry power using alternating current (AC) to a digital form. This input digital signal can be an oversampled digital signal, where the digital signal is oversampled relative to downstream Processing (eg, FFT-based Processing). A Processing circuit (s) can then be used to decimate the input digital signal according to a decimation rate. A reference signal can be generated by the Processing Circuit that is responsive to the decimation rate. The Processing Circuit can also be used to detect a change in a phase difference between the AC and reference signal and to modify, in response to detecting a change in the phase difference, the decimation rate to counteract the detected change in the phase difference.
Institute
Mexican Property
Industrial
<img file="MX336334B_D0001.tif" />
PATENT TITLE NO. 336334
YO LO SE
SréMWJtÍA 1 «IKOMMÍA« Yes? * · * '
Owner (s): LANDIS + GYR TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
Address: 6436 County Road 11, Pequot Lakes, Minnesota, 56472, USA
Name: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR POWER LINE COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATIONS (PLC) THAT HAVE COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES
Classification:
Inventor (s):
lnt.CI.8. G05B11 / 01
STUART L. HAUG; CHAD WOLTER; BRYCE D. JOHNSON
<img file="MX336334B_D0002.tif" />
Tender Twenty and the expiration date tente of reference is awarded with
Disagreement with article 23 of published from the date of presi waste.
Qájen subscribed to this Title lo h¡ Industrial Piflpiedad (Official Gazette of
2MD1 / 2004, 06/16/2005, 2 ingso a), 4th and 12th
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1/2006, 0105 / 2009,06 / 01/2010, 06/18/2 'I and I II d
I7 / 2004 and
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industrial.
ogables, before the .ews of the »« 10/5/1996, 12/26/1997, '/ 05/1999, and 04/09/2012); Articles 1, 3, section V signed the Organic of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (DOF 12/27/1999, amended on 10/10/2002, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007); 1, 3 'and 5 Subsection a) of the Agreement that delegates powers to the Deputy General Directors, Coordinator, Divisional Directors, Heads of Regional Offices, Divisional Deputy Directors, Departmental Coordinators and other subordinates of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. (DOF 12/15/1999, amended on 02/04/2000, 07/29/2004, 08/04/2004 and 09/13/2007).
<img file="MX336334B_D0005.tif" />
Issue Date: January 15, 2016
DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR OF PATENTS
NAHANNY CANAL REYES
Arenal No. 550, Floor 1,
Col. Pueblo Santa María Tepepan. Xochimílco Delegation,
CP 16020, Mexico. DF
Tei. (55) 53 34 07 00 www.impj.gob.ntx lili
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MX / 2016/5360
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33L33H
I Vo
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR COMMUNICATIONS
POWER LINE COMMUNICATION (PLC) THAT HAVE FREQUENCY $ fl @ x |<sub>car} 0</sub> delabopi dad
OF COMMUNICATION IntíUSMdl
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Service providers use distributed networks to provide services to customers across large geographic areas. For example, electric power supply companies use power distribution lines to bring electric power from one or more generating stations (power generating plants) to residential and commercial customer sites. Generating stations use alternating current (AC) to transmit electrical energy over long distances through power distribution lines. Long distance transmission can be achieved by using a relatively high voltage. Substations located next to customer sites provide a reduction from high voltage to a lower voltage (eg using transformers). Power distribution lines carry this lower AC voltage from substations to end-point device, customer sites.
Communications providers may use a distributed communications network to provide
REF. 249454
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communication services to clients. Similarly, Instituto Mexfcan electric power companies use a network of * @ 3tah £ fiQpIedacl Industrial power, meters, and other network elements to provide electric power to customers across various geographic regions and to receive data from customer locations (for example, including, but not limited to, data representing the utility's metered usage). A system can provide these reporting functions using a set of data collection devices (collectors) that are designed to communicate with nearby endpoint devices. However, data communication between a command center, collectors, and many thousands of endpoint devices across power distribution lines can be a particularly challenging problem. The full number of endpoint devices contributes to hosting shipments including endpoint processing power, memory size, endpoint cost, AC power interference, and other issues. For example, digital signal processing of communications between devices can be complicated by these and other factors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for use with the receivers of
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circuit that track AC frequency. These otherinstitu
Mexican aspects of the present description are exemplified ^ O ^ OPRD Industrial property number of implementations and applications illustrated, some of which are shown in the figures and are characterized in the claims section that follows.
The particular embodiments of the present description are directed to a circuit base apparatus having a transceiver circuit configured and positioned to communicate through power distribution lines that carry electrical energy using alternating current (AC). ' One or more processing circuits are configured and positioned to provide an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module configured to generate a digital input signal from a signal. analog that was received on the transceiver circuit. This input digital signal may be an oversampled digital signal, where the digital signal is oversampled relative to downstream processing (eg, FFT base processing). A decimator module is configured and positioned to produce, in response to a varying decimation ratio, a decimation version of the input digital signal by decimating the oversampled signal to reduce the sample ratio. A reference signal generator module is configured and positioned to generate a reference signal that has a
<img file="MX336334B_D0010.tif" />
frequency that is in response to the declination ratio. Instlfufo
Mexican
A modulus of decimation modification is <sup>conf</sup> ΐ9<sup>υι</sup>φφ% 8 PfoDledCSd set to modify, in response to an indication ¿I ^ UStr the change in a phase difference between the reference signal and the AC, the decimation ratio to counteract the phase difference. This can be particularly useful for maintaining a close relationship between the transmitted signal frequencies (which vary according to the AC frequency) and signal processing (which may use an FFT with a sample ratio that varies according to the AC frequency).
Other modalities are directed towards methods of using one or more circuits of a receiving device. This method can include conversion to a digital form, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an analog input signal from power distribution lines that carries electrical power using alternating current (AC). This input digital signal may be an oversampled digital signal, where the digital signal is oversampled relative to downstream processing (eg, FFT base processing). A processing circuit (s) can then be used to decimate the input digital signal according to a decimation ratio. A reference signal can be generated by the
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processing that is in response to the relation dí ^ SflfufO
Mexican decimation. The processing circuit also pu ^ feta & EQpfddací
Industrial used to detect a change in a phase difference between the AC and the reference signal and to modify, in response to the detection of a change in the phase difference, the decimation ratio to counteract the detected change in the difference of phase.
The above summary is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or each implementation of the present disclosure. The figures and the detailed description that follow, including those described in the appended claims, describe, more particularly, some of these embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Various example modalities could be more fully understood by considering the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying figures, in which:
Figure 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary power line communication system in which the end points communicate data with the collector units, consistent with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
Figure 2 represents a block diagram for a collecting device, consistent with the embodiments of the present description; Y
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Institute
Figure 3 represents another paJM®Xlcano block diagram of the Property a collector device that can be placed in a distribution substation, consistent with the modalities of the present description.
While the description may be amended in various modifications and alternative forms, examples thereof have been shown by way of example in the figures and will be described in detail. However, it should be understood that the intention is not to limit the description to the particular embodiments shown and / or described. Rather, the intent is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the spirit and scope of the description.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Aspects of the present disclosure are believed to be applicable to a variety of different types of devices, systems, and arrangements including those that could be implemented for circuit receivers communicating over power distribution lines. While the present description is not necessarily limited to these applications, various aspects of the description could be appreciated through discussion of various examples using this context.
The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to loop receivers configured and positioned to process signal signals.
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Institute communication that are received through the power distribution lines, which carry electrical energy using alternating current (AC). Loop receivers can be configured to process received signals using AC current as a timing reference. The AC line frequency is subject to significant fluctuations in frequency, and the receiver is designed to compensate for these fluctuations by making appropriate adjustments to the signal processing.
Consistent with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the bandwidth demands of a complex system communicating through power distribution lines are met by using a receiver that processes a received signal in the digital domain. In particular embodiments, signal processing includes the use of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) that allows the signal to be represented in the frequency domain. The FFT algorithm can be designed to match the channel frequencies used by the transmitter. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward compensating for changes in channel frequencies that originate from corresponding changes in AC frequency.
For example, transmitted signals can track AC line frequency in certain modes.
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For example, a frequency side channel can gerlnitltUtO
Mexican determined using AC line frequency co $ 9 lQjfe? Pl © ClacS
Industrial landmark or clock signal. In this instance, the frequency channel has a center frequency that would vary as the frequency of the AC line varies. This can be particularly useful for filtering out harmonics that could be caused by the AC power supply.
This AC frequency, and the resulting harmonics, can vary around an ideal frequency of approximately 60 Hz in the United States and approximately 50 Hz in Europe. However, these standard frequencies are relatively arbitrary (for example, they are defined by a standard that could be changed in the future) and do not necessarily limit the different modalities discussed here.
The output of an FFT can vary according to a number of input parameters. One of those parameters is the sample ratio for the digital signal transformed by the FFT.
The modalities of the present description are directed towards adjusting the sample ratio that is provided to the FFT. Adjustment to the sample ratio can be achieved by modifying a decimation ratio of the oversampled signal to counteract changes in AC frequency.
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward a receiver circuit in a data collection device (collector) that is configured and positioned to block its data.
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signal processing (for example, an FFT algorithm) mOXICCin close enough to the line frequency® Ι ^^ Γθρίθ <ίθ <2
Industrial power supply for complex demodulation of data from data received from endpoints. The ability to effectively and efficiently block or immobilize can be particularly useful in allowing a large number of densely packed frequency channels in a limited bandwidth, whereby individual channel frequencies are held within extremely tight tolerances.
For example, the present description may be particularly useful in maintaining the orthogonal degree between the sub-channels throughout the entire bandwidth of the system.
In a particular embodiment, the repeat sampling rate of the downstream receiver is closely tracked down to the power line frequency (eg, within 1 part per 10 million) and to facilitate demodulation of the endpoint signals with a receiver. base FFT.
The particular embodiments of the present description are directed towards a circuit base apparatus having a transceiver circuit configured and positioned to communicate through power distribution lines that carry electrical energy using alternating current (AC). One or more circuits of
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processing are configured and placed for proportionalOStltufO
A Mexican analog-to-digital converter module d © (lflERCQpí © CÍad Industrias) configured to generate a digital input signal from an analog signal that was received in the transceiver circuit.
This input digital signal may be an oversampled digital signal, where the digital signal is oversampled relative to downstream processing (eg, FFT base processing). A decimator module is configured and positioned to produce, in response to a varying decimation ratio, a decimation version of the input digital signal by decimating the oversampled signal to reduce the sample ratio. A reference signal generator module is configured and positioned to generate a reference signal that has a frequency that is in response to the decimation ratio.
A decimation modifying module is configured and positioned to modify, in response to an indication of a change in a phase difference between the reference signal and the AC, the decimation ratio to counteract the phase difference. This can be particularly useful for maintaining a close correlation between the transmitted signal frequencies (which vary according to the AC frequency) and the signal processing (which can use an FFT with a sample ratio that varies according to the AC frequency).
<img file="MX336334B_D0017.tif" />
Institute
Other modalities are directed towards Macano methods of Property using one or more circuits of a receiving device. This method may include conversion to a digital form, using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an analog input signal from power distribution lines that carries electrical power using alternating current (AC). This input digital signal may be an oversampled digital signal, where the digital signal is oversampled relative to downstream processing (eg, FFT base processing). A processing circuit (s) can then be used to decimate the input digital signal according to a decimation ratio. A reference signal can be generated by the processing circuitry that is in response to the decimation ratio. The processing circuit can also be used to detect a change in a phase difference between the AC and the reference signal and to modify, in response to the detection of a change in the phase difference, the decimation ratio to counteract the change detected in phase difference.
More particularly, the embodiments of the present description are directed towards a receiving device that is configured to decode the orthogonal carrier frequency channels. For example, multiplexing
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Orthogonal Frequency Division Institute (OFDM)
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Industrial English) is an orthogonal carrier frequency multi-channel digit data encoding method. The orthogonal nature of the frequency channels ensures that the apparent crossover between the sub-channels is not present. For example, an FFT can be constructed for a given set of orthogonal channels and so that each channel is elaborated separately to be able to reject the components of other channels. Aspects of the present disclosure recognize that a component of a properly constructed FFT refers to the fill time of the FFT buffer (eg, the time represented by a complete set of input samples). By correlating this fill time with the frequency of the channels, the can FFT can reduce or eliminate spectral escape, which can be caused by mismatch in this correlation. In this way, the orthogonal properties of the channels are effectively preserved in the receiver.
The specific embodiments of the present disclosure recognize that correlation mismatch can originate when channel cycles (one cycle is represented by a complete period) are not aligned with the length of the fill time. If the time stamp contains a non-integer number of cycles, the
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spectral escape. The receiver can be configured P<sup>ar</sup>^ j @ ^ edo not use an FFT with a certain size (size is the total of samples). The sample ratio (fs) represents the number of samples over a period of time (eg samples / second), and thus the fill time is the FFT size divided by the sample ratio. The channel frequency uses the AC frequency as a reference point for the generation of the carrier frequency channels. Therefore, the receiver is configured to adjust the fill time, using a variable sample ratio, to maintain the correlation between the fill time and the carrier frequency channels. In particular embodiments, the variable sample ratio corresponds to a repeating / decimator sampler that reduces the sample ratio of an oversampled signal by selecting samples of the oversampled signal at a variable rate. This variable rate can be thought of either as the decimation / repeat sampling ratio or as the sample ratio that originates from the decimation ratio.
Certain aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward receiving devices, and corresponding methods that may determine the fit to the decimator ratio. For example, particular modalities recognize that the recipient can determine the
<img file="MX336334B_D0021.tif" />
Mexican Institute feedback. The feedback loop ^ ®
Industrial designed to produce an adjustment in relation to the mismatches between the decimation ratio and the AC frequency, thereby compensating for the FFT mismatches in relation to the transmitted channel frequencies. For a given AC frequency, the receiver is able to determine the desired decimation / repeat sampling ratio. Consequently, the feedback loop is configured to be responsible for the AC frequency.
In particular embodiments of the present description, a reference signal is generated from the decimation / repeated sampling relationship. For example, the frequency of the reference signal can be set according to the decimation ratio. More particularly, the frequency of the reference signal can be set to generate a reference signal having a frequency that corresponds to the desired frequency AC for the decimation ratio. The filter circuit then determines just right by comparing the reference signal against the AC signal to produce an adjustment that compensates for the differences between the two signals. In a setting amount using a circuit
<td>modality,</td><td>the comparison</td><td>It includes</td><td>the</td><td colspan="2">detection of</td><td>a</td>
<td colspan="2">phase ratio / difference</td><td>Come in</td><td>the</td><td>two</td><td>signs.</td><td>The</td>
<td>modalities</td><td colspan="2">individuals recognize</td><td>what</td><td>a</td><td colspan="2">coincidence</td>
<img file="MX336334B_D0022.tif" />
Exact between the bases is not required (for example, the ftfexlCünO of the Zero Degree Displacement Property) provided the phase relationship is constant industry *. In this way, the circuit filter can use a derivative of the detected phase to calculate the fit as a function of the rate of change in the phase relationship.
In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the frequency of the reference signal may be set to a value that correlates the virtual channel carrier frequencies. Channel carrier virtual frequencies represent frequencies that match the decimation ratio. Therefore, these virtual channel carrier frequencies would eventually be placed in the FFT using a decimation signal in the decimation ratio.
Therefore, the frequency of the reference signal can be set to a reference frequency that would give rise to the virtual channel carrier frequencies if the reference frequency were the current AC frequency. Thus, a frequency mismatch between the reference frequency and the AC frequency corresponds to a mismatch between the decimation ratio and the actual AC frequency.
Consistent with various embodiments of the present description, power distribution lines can carry power that is provided from one or more generation stations (power generation plants
<img file="MX336334B_D0023.tif" />
Electricity) to residential customer sites and Instituto M xiccne comercial. The generation station uses the corieteto & 0pte <í3d AC to transmit energy over long distances through the power distribution lines. Long distance transmission can be achieved by using a relatively high voltage. Substations located next to customer sites provide a reduction from high voltage to a lower voltage (eg using transformers). Power distribution lines carry this lower AC voltage from substations to customer sites. Depending on the distribution network, the exact AC voltages and frequencies may vary. For example, voltages can generally be in the range of 100-240 V (expressed as the square root voltage) with two commonly used frequencies being 50 Hz and 60 Hz. In the United States, for example, a network of Distribution can provide customer sites with a voltage of 120 V and / or 240 V, at a frequency of 60 Hz.
Figure 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary power line communication system in which the end points communicate data with the collector units, consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure. The power line communication system 100 includes a service network in which a plurality of end points 114 are coupled (e.g., is
<img file="MX336334B_D0024.tif" />
coupled, communicatively) with the collector units Instituto Mexicano
108 through the energy distribution lines? ρΙ © € ία € ϊ Industrio?
Consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure, endpoints 114 may provide data from utility company meters. For example, data can be provided from electric energy meters, gas meters and / or water meters, which are installed, respectively, in gas and water distribution networks. Furthermore, while the present description refers generally to endpoints 114 that provide the utility company with data (for example, electrical power) that they measure across a power distribution network, other data may also be communicated.
Endpoints 114 can be implemented to monitor and report various operating characteristics of the utility network. For example, in a power distribution network, meters can monitor characteristics related to the use of power in the network. Example characteristics related to the use of electrical power on the grid include average or total electrical power consumption, power spikes, power drops, and load changes, among other characteristics. In gas and water distribution networks, meters can measure similar characteristics that are related to gas and water use (for example, total flow and pressure).
<img file="MX336334B_D0025.tif" />
The endpoints 114 report the characteristicsft || {fyfa
Mexican network operation through the cang ^ g PfdjjftedQf. Communications industry. Communication channels are portions of the spectrum through which data is transmitted. The center frequency and bandwidth of each communication channel may depend on the communication system in which they are implemented. In some implementations, the communication channels for utility company meters (for example, electric power, gas and / or water meters) can be transmitted using the power line communication networks that distribute the bandwidth available between endpoints according to an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) spectrum distribution technique or other channel distribution technique.
When endpoints 114 are implemented in connection with electric power meters in a power distribution network, the endpoints transmit report data that specifies updated meter information that may include measurements of total electric power consumption, power consumption, energy over a specified period of time, peak power consumption, instantaneous voltage, peak voltage, minimum voltage and other measurements related to energy consumption and electrical energy management (for example, information
<img file="MX336334B_D0026.tif" />
load). Each of the endpoints can also be dblStitut ©
Mexican transmit other data, such as data from stafela ^ apiadad
Industrial example, operation in a normal operating mode, power emergency mode, or other state such as a recovery state after power failure or interruption).
In some implementations, symbols (representing one or more bits which in turn represent reporting data and / or status data) are transmitted on power distribution lines 116 over a specified symbol period.
A symbol period is a period of time through which each symbol is communicated. Certain specific modalities are directed toward the use of multi-tone phase shift coded symbols (MTPSK), although other types of modulation schemes may be used. For example, multi-tone frequency shift coded symbols with relative phase symbols (MTFSK w / Θ) can also be used. For additional background details on these symbols, reference may be made to United States Patent Publication No. 20100164615, 'System and Method For Relative Phase Shift Keying', Application No. 12 / 347,052, filed December 31. 2008, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
In Figure 1, endpoints 114 transmit symbols over communication channels to the units.
<img file="MX336334B_D0027.tif" />
collectors 108, respectively. In certain modalities institute
Mexican endpoints 114 can be located in ub (Jad
Common industrial (eg buildings). Often but not always, the transformers 112 may be located adjacent to the usual locations. These transformers 112 provide a reduction in voltage before AC current is provided to the customer. Collector units 108 may include circuitry (eg, including one or more data processors) that is configured and positioned to communicate with endpoints 114 via power distribution lines 116. Collector units 108 They may also include circuitry for interconnection with a command center 104. Interconnection with command center 104 can be implemented using a variety of different communication networks including, but not limited to, a wide area network (WAN) using Ethernet.
According to certain modalities of the present description, the collectors are installed in the distribution substations 106 and are used to control the bidirectional communication with both of the command center 104 (for example, they are located in the office of the service company) and endpoints 114 (for example, they are located at the measurement locations of the
<img file="MX336334B_D0028.tif" />
Client Institute). Consistent with certain modalities, I collect the ((^ | QQf | g of the Property
108 are built according to a specification | f | ^ | ysfrlQ | Industrial grade computer intended to withstand the harsh or extreme environment of a substation.
In certain embodiments of the present disclosure, collectors 108 are configured to receive data from many different end points 114 while storing the data in a local database. A collector 108 can also take action based on the data received from the end points 114 and can transmit the data received from the end points 114 to a command center 104. For example, in a power line communication network (PLC), the command center 104 may receive data indicating that electrical power usage is significantly higher in a particular portion of a power network than others. portions of the electrical power grid. Based on this data, command center 104 may allocate additional resources to this particular portion of the network (i.e. load balancing) or it may provide the data to an operator of electric power plant 102 (i.e. , specifying that there is an increase in energy use in the particular portion of the electrical power grid).
Consistent with certain modalities, command center 104 provides an interconnect that allows
<img file="MX336334B_D0029.tif" />
Institute access other devices to the data that have been received Mexican Property from endpoints 114. For example, Industrial user devices could be owned by the operator of the service company provider, maintenance personnel and / or customers of the service company provider. The data identifying the increase in electrical energy use described above can be provided to a user device accessible by the operator of the system 100, who in turn can determine an appropriate action regarding the increase in use. . Additionally, data identifying the time of use measurement and / or the peak demand measurement can also be provided to the user devices. Similarly, if there is a power failure or interruption, the command center 104 can provide data to user devices that are accessible by customers to provide information regarding the existence of the interruption and possibly can provide the information that estimates the duration of the failure or interruption.
Collectors 108 can communicate with command center 104 over a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), the Internet, or other communication networks. These data networks can be implemented
<img file="MX336334B_D0030.tif" />
like a wired or wireless network. Wired netsff<sup>ns</sup>Wuf ©
Mexicano can include any type of restricted networks' θποβΡίβααα industrial means that include, but are not limited to, implemented networks that use metallic wire conductors, fiber optic materials, or waveguides. Wireless networks include all free space propagation networks including, but not limited to, deployed networks using radio wave and free space optical networks.
The symbols for a particular endpoint could be transmitted over any one of thousands of communication channels in the system. For example, each endpoint can be assigned to a particular channel using OFDMA technique or other channel distribution technique. Channel assignments for endpoints 114 may be stored, for example, in a communications database that is accessible to collectors 108.
Consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure, each manifold 108 can be configured to be in communication with thousands of endpoints 114, and thousands of manifolds 108 can be in communication with command center 104. For example, a single manifold can be configured to communicate with more than 100,000 endpoint devices and a command center can be configured to communicate with more than 1,000 collectors. From
<img file="MX336334B_D0031.tif" />
This way, there can be millions of total ^^ ® ^^ ® end points and many thousands of these end points communicate with the same collector through a shared electrical power distribution line. Consequently, the modalities of the present disclosure are directed toward coordinating communications using carefully designed protocols and time base considerations.
For example, collectors 108 can be designed to demodulate transmissions from endpoint devices 114 in the digital domain using one or more digital signal processors (DSPs). The DSP may include (or may receive an input from) an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that produces a digital input signal that includes modulated signals to carry data, whereby modulation uses the corresponding carrier frequencies. The DSP can demodulate the digital input signal to recover the data. Certain embodiments of the present description refer to the transformation of the digital input signal in the frequency domain as part of demodulation.
The most particular modalities provide this transformation using an FFT. The FFT can be performed on a decimal version of the digital input signal, where the decimation ratio is in response to a
<img file="MX336334B_D0032.tif" />
Institute frequency of the AC carried in the power lineftJg ^ jQg ^^ of the Property
Assuming that other parameters of the <sup>FF</sup>^ lclUSfl1al such as the total number of samples, the change in the decimation ratio causes the change in time between samples. By modifying the time between samples, the FFT input sample ratio is effectively changed taking into account changes in carrier frequencies, which can be caused by changes in AC frequency.
Figure 2 represents a block diagram for a collecting device, consistent with the embodiments of the present description. The collector 202 includes a receiver circuit 204 coupled with the power distribution lines 206. In certain embodiments, the receiver circuit 204 may also include the transmitter components, that is, this may also be a transceiver. The ADC 208 converts the signal from the receiver circuit 204 into a digital form.
Aspects of the present disclosure recognize that while ADCs can provide high sample rates at relatively low costs, performing digital processing at high sample rates can be particularly difficult or cumbersome. Additionally, decimating a high sample rate (oversampled) to a lower sample rate can provide gains of
<img file="MX336334B_D0033.tif" />
process, which improve the sensitivity of the receiver. Míufo
Mexican consequence, a decimator module 212 can redato Property
Industrial signal sample ratio according to a decimation ratio. The decimated signal can then be provided to a signal processing module 220. In particular implementations, the signal processing module 220 uses an FFT as part of signal processing and demodulation. For example, data communications can use orthogonal frequency channels to reduce or eliminate interference between channels. The FFT can be designed to preserve the orthogonal nature of the channels during transformation when the frequency of the channels is known. For example, the FFT can be designed with an FFT size that guarantees that the FFT fill time is an integer multiple of the channel periods.
If the channel frequency changes, then the FFT fill time could no longer be an integer multiple of the channel periods. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward adjusting the fill time including for example, adjusting the sample ratio of the samples used to fill the FFT buffer.
Consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure, decimator module 212 is configured to operate in a variable decimation ratio. This
<img file="MX336334B_D0034.tif" />
Institute way, a digital signal from an ADC operating on a £ ^ @ xf icon of io Property sample ratio of N mills / second that is decimaddñdUSfrlal by a variable decimation ratio of M produces a signal that has a sample ratio of N / M. In particular embodiments, the N / M sample ratio is varied, so that a set number of samples, in the N / M sample ratio, corresponds to an integer multiple of the channel periods. For example, a symbol period used for orthogonal channel protocols can be selected such that it is an integer multiple of the channel periods. In this way, the sample ratio N / M is varied to provide a set number of samples with respect to the symbol period.
Aspects of the present disclosure recognize that, because the channel periods are linked to the AC frequency, the decimation ratio M can also be linked to the AC frequency. The ADC 208 provides the digital signal to the phase difference detector 216. A reference signal generator 214 produces a reference signal that is also provided to the phase difference detector 216. Consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the reference signal generator 214 produces a reference signal having a frequency that is in response to the decimation ratio of the decimator module 212. In more particular embodiments, the frequency
<img file="MX336334B_D0035.tif" />
of the reference signal corresponds to the frequency of the transfiff ©
Mexican
AC that would originate the channel frequencies that match the decimator ratio. For example, the transmitting device can generate the channel carrier frequencies based on the current AC F frequency.<sub>AC</sub>. Therefore, the desired decimator ratio can be determined as a function of the actual F<sub>AC</sub>. Reference signal generator 214 can reverse this process and can determine the F<sub>AC </sub>desired value of the current decimator ratio. When the F<sub>AC </sub>desired (represented by the reference signal) matches the current F<sub>AC</sub>, the decimator relationship can be assumed to be correct; however, the mismatch between these frequencies would indicate that the current decimator ratio has to be adjusted.
Aspects of the present disclosure recognize that the actual F<sub>AC</sub> it does not need to be calculated using a frequency calculation module. Rather, certain modalities can compare the reference signal with the AC signal to determine the frequency mismatch. In particular, a phase difference detector module 216 can be used to detect the difference in phase between the two signals. This difference is then provided to the decimation (ratio) modification module 218.
Decimation modifying module 218 determines the adjustment to the decimation ratio. This setting
<img file="MX336334B_D0036.tif" />
is provided to both the reference signal generator module 214 and the decimator module 212. In accordance with certain modes, the decimation modifying module 218 is configured to respond to the change in phase difference (for example, the derivation of the phase difference). This can be particularly useful to simplify the tuning process by allowing the two signals to be at any phase angle to each other, provided the frequencies coincide, and the difference in phase difference does not change.
Figure 3 represents another block diagram for a collector device that can be placed in a distribution substation, consistent with the embodiments of the present description. Although aspects of the present description are not limited to a specific electrical power supply standard (for example, which may be applied in standards in different countries and probably in future revisions), power distribution substations reduce transmitted AC power. using three phases. Consequently, Figure 3 shows the ADCs 302, which are connected with a respective phase.
Consistent with the embodiments of the present description, the input of the line transformer can be used as an input for the line voltage, which is
<img file="MX336334B_D0037.tif" />
As opposed to the Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C inputs, give which are the current transformer inputs used for the phase currents. Phase AB inputs can include endpoint communication signals. Consequently, each phase is monitored and used when communication signals are received from the endpoints. However, the AC power supply component in these phases is dependent on the substation load, which can vary significantly. On the other hand, line voltage generally has a more stable and predictable AC signal component. Consequently, certain modes use the AC frequency of the line voltage in the control feedback circuit.
Each of the ADCs 302 produces a digital output at a high rate (oversampled). Variable decliners (repeat samplers) 304 decimate these digital signals at a reduced sample rate. Decimal signals are used by processing modules 308. In certain embodiments, a fixed decimation module 306 can be implemented in addition to variable decimators 304.
The phase detector 310 produces a signal that represents the phase difference between the digital signals of the power distribution line and a reference signal produced by the reference generator 316. In a particular embodiment, the reference generator 316 is
<img file="MX336334B_D0038.tif" />
a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). Consequently, the industrial phase detector module detects any phase shift or shift between digitized line voltage and the reference signal. In a particular embodiment, the phase shift is detected by multiplying the two input signals together. The results can then be filtered with a 312 filter (for example, to remove noise and frequencies above the AC base frequency). Filter 312 can be any of a number of different filter types including, but not necessarily limited to, different types of low-pass, high-pass, notch, or band-pass filters. Filter 312 can be configured and positioned to filter line harmonics to filter line harmonics and / or frequency components that are caused by the signal processing element. For example, the output of the phase detector contains the sum and difference of the two inputs, so for the input components that are close to 60 Hz, the output will be a very slowly varying signal along with the DC superimposed with a image close to 120 Hz. Other phase detection circuits are also possible, and the filter 312 can be configured accordingly.
Derivative block 314 determines the rate of change for the output of phase detector 310. At a
<img file="MX336334B_D0039.tif" />
particular modality, the derivative block 314 can <sup>s</sup>It was built using a Proportional Industrial Integral-Derivative (PID) controller module. The particular embodiment of Figure 3 uses the derivative portion of this controller as an input to the decimation ratio setting module 320. Then, the decimation ratio setting is used by the sample ratio determination module 318 to determine the desired sample ratio. The derivative signal represents a change in phase, and if the AC signal and the reference signal have different frequencies, they can have a phase relationship that changes with respect to time. Once the frequencies are coincident, the angle / phase difference can remain relatively constant.
Accordingly, the decimation ratio adjustment module 320 can be configured to provide a decimation ratio adjustment that uses an adjustment in the frequency of the reference signal that counteracts the changing phase. For example, an increase in the phase angle (the positive derivative value) could be offset by a decrease in the decimation ratio. The decrease in phase angle (the negative derivative value) could be offset by an increase in the decimation ratio. This is just an example, and the particular relationship between the phase angle and the decimation ratio could
<img file="MX336334B_D0040.tif" />
be adjusted in relation to the way the '<sup>n</sup>* WutO M xican phase angle. d0IQProperty
Industrial
Consistent with the embodiments of the present disclosure, the derivative module 314 operates on a portion of the output signal of the circuit filter 312 that is close to DC.
Consequently, circuit filter 312 can be used to remove harmonics and interference (eg, portions of the image near 120 Hz). In a non-limiting example, circuit filter 312 can be implemented as a low pass filter, such as a 6-pole Butterworth low pass filter. One consideration for filter selection is reducing the group delay while also increasing the attenuation in the harmonics (120 Hz). For example, a corner frequency (for example, 27.5 Hz) can be selected to optimize group delay against attenuation. The particular values, which include the corner frequency, can be easily adjusted depending on the specific application.
Consistent with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, the amplitude of the line voltage input is pre-scaled (as is the reference signal) to produce a circuit filter 312 output that is between -1.0 and +1.0. This normalizes, from
<img file="MX336334B_D0041.tif" />
InsMufc effectively, the signal that is provided to the module M0XÍCOH © of the derivative Property. This normalization can be particularly useful ifldUSflIai in applications that use a PID controller module, for example, by simplifying circuit gain processing.
Other modalities are directed towards using one or both of the proportional and integral inputs of the PID controller module as part of the feedback control circuit. The additional outputs can be particularly useful for achieving fast acquisition / blocking at AC frequency and / or for providing improved long-term accuracy. However, aspects of the present disclosure recognize that the use of the proportional and integral parts of the PID feedback can complicate the tuning of the circuit, and can sometimes increase instability.
In one embodiment, the output of the decimation ratio adjustment module 320 can be determined by multiplying the output of the derivative module 314 by a gain factor. More involved algorithms can also be used, as desired.
In a particular example and an experiment modality, the frequency of the reference signal can be controlled by varying its sample rate, although without considering the output frequency, the signal generator of
<img file="MX336334B_D0042.tif" />
Reference 316 always produces the same number I set cycles on a set number of samples. This ori
<img file="MX336334B_D0043.tif" />
. give the same number of input samples for the FFTs in<sup>1 </sup>set number of cycles. More particularly, the same decimation ratio that drives the sample ratio for reference signal generator 316 also drives the sample ratio for the decimation (repeated sampling) of Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C. by the variable moduli of decimator 304. For example, the AC frequency tracking repeat sampling ratio can be represented by the algorithm A / ((A * G * H) / (D * E * the current AC frequency)), where: A = the ratio of sample (glass-based) of the digital input signal; D = a fixed decimator relation; E = the number of FFT input samples; G = the symbol period; and H = the nominal frequency of the AC. A number of different values can be selected as appropriate for the applications (eg, relative to processor performance, memory, and / or available communication width). An optimal solution for a given application can also be based on transmitter power, channel noise, and the desired bit error ratio. These factors may be particularly relevant to the selection of a symbol period and the related number of DDS reference output cycles per symbol period.
<img file="MX336334B_D0044.tif" />
Signals and associated logic and functionality
Mexicano described in connection with the figures can Id Soledad Industrial implemented in a number of different ways. Unless stated otherwise, various general-purpose systems and / or logic circuitry could be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or convenience could be provided for the construction of
<td>a device</td><td>more</td><td>specialized</td><td>to effect</td><td>the method</td>
<td>required.</td><td>For</td><td>example of</td><td>agree with</td><td>the present</td>
<td>10 description,</td><td>one</td><td>or more than</td><td>methods</td><td>They may be</td>
implemented in a wired circuitry by programming a general purpose processor, another full or semi-programmable logic circuitry, and / or by combining this hardware and a general purpose processor configured with software. Consequently, the various components and processes shown in the figures can be implemented in a variety of circuit base forms, such as through the use of data processing circuit modules.
It is recognized that aspects of the description may be practiced with computer / processor base system configurations other than those expressly described herein. The structure required for a variety of these systems and circuits would be apparent from the intended application and description above.
<img file="MX336334B_D0045.tif" />
τ,. . _ 4.- 4.- 4-1 · ^. Institute
The different terms and techniques are used
Industrial age those people who have knowledge in the technique **> «describe the aspects in relation to one or more communications, protocols, applications, implementations and mechanisms. A technique is the description of an implementation of a technique expressed in terms of an algorithm or mathematical expression. While these techniques could be implemented, for example, by executing a code on a computer, the expression of this technique could be transmitted and communicated as a formula, algorithm or mathematical expression.
For example, a block denoting C = A + B as an addition function whose hardware and / or software implementation would take two inputs (A and B) and produce a summation output (C), just like in a set of circuits combination logics. In this way, the use of the formula, algorithm or mathematical expression as descriptions will be understood to have a physical modality at least in hardware (such as a processor in which the techniques of the present description could be practiced as well as could be implemented as a modality).
In certain embodiments, machine-executable instructions are stored for execution in a manner consistent with one or more of the methods of the present disclosure. Instructions can be used
<img file="MX336334B_D0046.tif" />
to cause a general purpose or special Mexican usblStitutO processor to be programmed with the instructions to perform the Industrial Cleaning steps of the methods. The stages could be carried out by specific hardware components containing the wired logic for carrying out the stages, or by any combination of the programmed computer components and the usual hardware components.
In some embodiments, aspects of the present description could be provided as a product of the computer program, which could include a machine or computer-readable medium that has instructions stored in it, which could be used to program. a computer (or other electronic devices) to carry out a process in accordance with the present description. Consequently, computer-readable medium includes any type of machine-readable medium / medium suitable for storing electronic instructions.
The various embodiments described above are provided by way of illustration and are not to be construed as necessarily limiting the description.
Based on the discussion and illustrations above, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that various modifications could be made and
<img file="MX336334B_D0047.tif" />
^ totfOFtedac
I made changes to this description without strictly following the exemplary modalities and applications described herein. For example, these changes could include variations in particular circuitry and / or software code to implement one or more of the different modules. These modifications and changes do not depart from the true spirit and scope of the present description, which includes the aspects indicated in the following claims.
It is noted that in relation to this date, a best method known to the applicant for putting the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.
Contents13
50 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31 Sheet 32 Sheet 33 Sheet 34 Sheet 35 Sheet 36 Sheet 37 Sheet 38 Sheet 39 Sheet 40 Sheet 41 Sheet 42 Sheet 43 Sheet 44 Sheet 45 Sheet 46 Sheet 47 Sheet 48 Sheet 49 Sheet 50
17 members in 7 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13334522 | United States of America | – | |
| 201113334522 | United States of America | A | |
| 201113334522 | United States of America | A | |
| 2012069898 | United States of America | W | |
| 2012069898 | United States of America | W | |
| 13334522 | – | – | – |
| US1269898 | – | – | – |
| US201113334522 | – | – | – |
| WO2012US69898 | – | – | – |
Members17
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2860154A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| US2013163644A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2013096134A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US8737555B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| SE1450903A1 | Sweden | A1 | |
| MX2014007440A | Mexico | A | |
| MX2014007440A | Mexico | A | |
| US2014314161A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| RO130016A2 | Romania | A2 | |
| MX336334BThis record | Mexico | B | |
| US9503157B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| BR112014015159A2 | Brazil | A2 | |
| BR112014015159A8 | Brazil | A8 | |
| CA2860154C | Canada | C | |
| SE542283C2 | Sweden | C2 | |
| BR112014015159B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| RO130016B1 | Romania | B1 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 336334
- Publication, DOCDB
- 336334
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX336334
- Application
- 2014007440
- Application, DOCDB
- 2014007440
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20140007440
Titles2
- Spanish
- PROCESAMIENTO DE SEÑAL DIGITAL PARA COMUNICACIONES DE COMUNICACION DE LINEA DE ENERGIA (PLC) QUE TIENEN FRECUENCIAS DE COMUNICACION.
- English
- DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR POWER LINE COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATIONS (PLC) THAT HAVE COMMUNICATION FREQUENCIES.
Classification
- CPC, 10
- H04B3/542
- G05B11/01
- H02J13/1313
- H04B2203/5408
- H04B2203/5412
- H04B2203/5466
- H04B2203/5433
- Y04S40/121
- Y02E60/00
- H04B1/38
- IPC, 1
- G05B11 01