Systems and methods for mapping virtual radio instances into physical volumes of coherence in distributed antenna systems.
Abstract
Systems and methods are described for mapping Virtual Radio Instances (VRIs) into physical volumes of coherencein a Multiple Antenna System (MAS) with Multi-User (MU) transmissions ("MU-MAS"). These mapping methods enable communications through simultaneous non-interfering data streams in the same frequency band between the MU-MAS and multiple users, within their own volume of coherence. As the users move, their VRIs follow their respective volumes of coherence via teleportation to adjacent MU-MAS networks, thereby eliminating the need for handoffs as in conventional cellular systems and unnecessary control data overhead.

Term
8.4 yearsleft in the term
Expires 4 February 2035.
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49 claims: 7 independent, 42 dependent
- 1REIVINDICACIONES Habiéndose descrito la invención como antecede, se reclama como propiedad lo contenido en las siguientes reivindicaciones:Se reivindica: 1. Un sistema de múltiples antenas multiusuarios (“MU-MAS”) que comprende de: una primera pluralidad de formas de onda;misma frecuencia portadora;caracterizado porque la segunda pluralidad de formas de onda se combina en una pluralidad de volúmenes en el espacio de manera que en cada una de la pluralidad de volúmenes en el espacio una de la primera pluralidad de formas de onda puede demodularse por una de una pluralidad de dispositivos de usuario;
- 2El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque comprende además de una pluralidad de pilas de protocolos que generan la primera pluralidad de formas de onda.
- 3El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque una pila de protocolos diferentes se asigna a cada volumen en el espacio.
- 4El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque al menos una pila de protocolos se asigna a más de un volumen en el espacio.
- 5El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque una pluralidad de flujos de datos de la pluralidad de pilas de protocolos se recibe simultáneamente por una pluralidad de dispositivos de usuario.
- 6El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque al menos dos pilas de protocolos diferentes simultáneamente implementan protocolos diferentes.
- 7El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque las pilas de protocolos incluyen uno o más de GSM, 3G, HSPA+, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, LTEAdvanced, o Fi-Fi.
- 8El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque la banda de frecuencia se subdivide en una pluralidad de bloques FDMA, OFDMA o SCFDMA, con una pluralidad de volúmenes en el espacio en cada uno de los bloques FDMA, OFDMA o SC-FDMA.
- 9El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 8, caracterizado además porque un dispositivo de usuario se localiza dentro de cada una de una pluralidad de los volúmenes en el espacio dentro de cada uno de los bloques FDMA, OFDMA, o SC-FDMA.
- 10El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 9, caracterizado además porque los tamaños de bloques se asignan de conformidad con la demanda de datos de los dispositivos de usuario.
- 11El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación I, caracterizado además porque una pluralidad diferente de volúmenes en el espacio se crea durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo.
- 12El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación II, caracterizado además porque un dispositivo de usuario se localiza dentro de cada una de una pluralidad de los volúmenes en el espacio dentro de cada intervalo de tiempo.
- 13El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 12, caracterizado además porque las duraciones de los intervalos de tiempo se asignan de conformidad con la demanda de daros de los dispositivos de usuario.
- 14El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el MU-MAS comprende de una primera red de acceso de radio (RAN).
- 15El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque al menos una pila de protocolos comprende todos o un subconjunto de la evolución a del plano de largo plazo (LTE) de las capas de protocolos usuario o plano de control.
- 16El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 2, caracterizado además porque al menos una pila de 5 protocolos genera una forma de onda para un protocolo que es al menos parcialmente analógica.
- 17El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos una de la primera pluralidad de formas de onda es para la energía inalámbrica. 10
- 18El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el MU-MAS comprende de una pila de protocolos de gestión de VCM identidad, autenticación y movilidad.
- 19El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 15 1, caracterizado además porque el MU-MAS comprende de un VRM que lleva a cabo el procesamiento de banda base de los flujos de datos.
- 20El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 19, caracterizado además porque el VRM comprende de una 20 unidad del programador o una unidad de banda base o un procesador de banda base MU-MAS o una combinación de ambas.
- 21El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el MU-MAS comprende de una pluralidad de RAN.
- 22El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 21, caracterizado además porque la pluralidad de las RAN se comunican entre si para crear conjuntamente volúmenes en el espacio.
- 23El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 22, caracterizado además porque una primera RAN aloja al menos una pila de protocolos para un volumen creado conjuntamente en el espacio.
- 24El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 22, caracterizado además porque una primera RAN transfiere el estado de al menos una pila de protocolos a una segunda RAN que se aloja por la segunda RAN.
- 25El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 24, caracterizado además porque un dispositivo de usuario dentro de un volumen en el espacio de recepción de las comunicaciones de datos a través de la pila de protocolos transferidos no experimenta discontinuidad en su flujo de datos durante la transferencia.
- 26El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque el MU-MAS comprende una unidad precodificadora de banda base que crea ios volúmenes en el espacio.
- 27El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 26, caracterizado además porque el precodificador ajusta de manera dinámica el tamaño, forma y resistencia de la señal de forma de onda de los volúmenes en el espacio para que se adapte a las condiciones de propagación cambiantes.
- 28El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 26, caracterizado además porque la unidad precodificadora de 5 banda base MU-MAS hace funcionar la precodificación sólo durante ciertos intervalos de tiempo y/o dentro de ciertos intervalos de frecuencia.
- 29El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 28, caracterizado además porque los ciertos intervalos de 10 tiempo y/o ciertos intervalos de frecuencia corresponden a ios bloques de control o datos particulares en las pilas de protocolos.
- 30El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 29, caracterizado además porque el MU-MAS es una red 15 compatible con LTE y la unidad precodificadora de banda base. hace funcionar la precodificación a través de todo el· PDCCH o sólo la parte de este que contiene los DCI IA y 0.
- 31El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque las transmisiones del enlace 20 ascendente se transmiten desde los dispositivos de usuario localizados en los volúmenes en el espacio que se reciben por las antenas MU-MAS.
- 32El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 31, caracterizado además porque una pluralidad de las transmisiones del enlace ascendente se transmite simultáneamente en la misma banda de frecuencia.
- 33El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 32, caracterizado además porque la postcodificación en el sistema MU-MAS se emplea para separar las múltiples transmisiones de enlace ascendente simultáneas.
- 34El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque la forma de onda en el volumen se polariza.
- 35El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos una de la segunda pluralidad de formas de onda se transmite a al menos una de una pluralidad de puntos de acceso (AP).
- 36El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 35, caracterizado además porque al menos una de la segunda pluralidad de formas de onda se transmite a al menos una de una pluralidad de AP como muestras de I/Q.
- 37El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 35, caracterizado además porque la segunda pluralidad de formas de onda se transmite a al menos una de una pluralidad de AP a una velocidad de datos más baja que las muestras de I/Q.
- 38Un sistema de múltiples antenas multiusuarios (“MU-MAS”) que comprende de:una primera pluralidad de formas de onda;5 misma frecuencia portadora;caracterizado porque la segunda pluralidad formas de onda se combina en una pluralidad de volúmenes en el espacio;y cada una de la pluralidad de volúmenes en el 10 espacio contiene una de la primera pluralidad de formas de onda que modulan la misma frecuencia portadora.
- 39El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 38, que comprende además de una pluralidad de pilas de 15 protocolos que generan la primera pluralidad de formas de onda.
- 40El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 38, caracterizado además porque un dispositivo de usuario demodula la una de la primera pluralidad de formas de onda en cada una de las pluralidades de volúmenes en el espacio 20 41. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 40, caracterizado además porque los diferentes dispositivos de usuario usan diferentes protocolos Inalámbricos en el mismo espectro. 42. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación
- 4141, caracterizado además porque al menos dos protocolos son espectro-incompatibles.
- 4243. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 39, caracterizado además porque uno o más protocolos estándares LTE se implementan por la pluralidad de pilas de protocolos.
- 4344. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 39, caracterizado además porque uno o más protocolos estándares Wi-Fi se implementan por la pluralidad de pilas de protocolos.
- 4445. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 39, caracterizado además porque al menos dos protocolos estándares espectro-incompatible se implementan por la pluralidad de pilas de protocolos simultáneamente en el mismo espectro.
- 4546. Un sistema de múltiples antenas multiusuarios (“MU-MAS”) con transmisiones simultáneas de una primera pluralidad de formas de onda caracterizado porque:la primera pluralidad de formas de onda se añade para crear una segunda pluralidad de formas de onda independientes en la misma banda de frecuencia para una pluralidad de dispositivos de usuario, en la que al menos una de la segunda pluralidad de formas de onda independientes conduce la energía inalámbrica a un dispositivo de usuario;
- 4647. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 46, caracterizado además porque la energía inalámbrica se recibe por una antena de rectificación.
- 4748. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 5 46, caracterizado además porque la energía inalámbrica se recibe por una antena de rectificación que proporciona retroalimentación al MU-MAS.
- 4849. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 46, caracterizado además porque al menos una de la segunda 10 pluralidad de formas de onda transporta datos.
- 4950. El sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 46, caracterizado además porque al menos una de la segunda pluralidad de formas de onda transporta ambos tanto la energía como los datos inalámbricos.
Independent claims49
192 paragraphs in 4 sections, as filed
(54) Title: SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAPPING VIRTUAL RADIO INSTANCES IN PHYSICAL COHERENCE VOLUMES IN DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS.
(54) Title: SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAPPING VIRTUAL RADIO INSTANCES INTO PHYSICAL VOLUMES OF COHERENCE IN DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS.
(57) Summary
The systems and methods are described for mapping virtual radio instances (VRIs) to physical coherence volumes in a multi-antenna system (MAS) with multi-user transmissions (MU) (MU-MAS). These mapping methods allow communications through simultaneous non-interfering data streams in the same frequency band between MU-MAS and multiple users, within their own consistency volume. As users move, their VIRs follow their respective consistency volumes through teleportation to adjacent MU-MAS networks, thereby eliminating the need for transfers as in conventional cellular systems and data overhead. unnecessary control.
(57) Abstract
Systems and methods are described for mapping Virtual Radio Instances (VRIs) into physical volumes of coherencein a Múltiple Antenna System (MAS) with Multi-User (MU) transmissions (MU-MAS). These mapping methods enable Communications through simultaneous non-interfering data streams in the same frequency band between the MU-MAS and multiple users, within their own volume of coherence. As the users move, their VRIs follow their respective volumes of coherence via teleportation to adjacent MU-MAS networks, thus eliminating the need for handoffs as in conventional cellular systems and unnecessary control data overhead.
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SURVEYING VIRTUAL RADIO INSTANCES IN PHYSICAL COHERENCE VOLUMES IN SYSTEMS OF
DISTRIBUTED ANTENNAS
RELATED REQUESTS
This application claims the benefit of and priority of the US provisional patent application. USA copendiente no. 61 / 937,273, filed on February 7,
2014, titled, “Systems And Methods For Mapping Virtual Radio Instances Into Physical Areas Of Coherence In
Distributed Antenna Wireless Systems ”.
This application is a continuation in part of the following four US patent applications. USA copendients:
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 844,355, entitled “Systems and Methods for Radio Frequency Calibration Exploiting Channel Reciprocity in Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications”
US patent application USA no. serial number 13 / 797,984, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell
Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via
Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
US patent application USA no. serial number 13 / 797,971, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell
Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 797,950, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell
Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via
Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
This application may relate to the following US patent applications. USA and US patent applications. USA copendients:
US patent application USA no. serial
14 / 155,254, entitled “System and Method For Distributed
Antenna Wireless Communications ”
US patent application USA no. series 14 / 086,700, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell
Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via
Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
US patent application USA no. serial number 14 / 023,302, entitled “Systems and Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 633,702, entitled “Systems and Methods for Wireless Backhaul in Distributed-Input Distributed-Output Wireless Systems”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 475,598, entitled "Systems and Methods to enhance spatial diversity in distributed-input distributed-output wireless systems" US Patent Application. USA no. Serial No. 13 / 464,648, entitled “System and Methods to Compénsate for Doppler
Effects in Distributed-input Distributed Output Systems ”US Patent Application. USA no. Serial No. 13 / 461,682, entitled “System and Method for Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength
Measurements ”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 233,006, entitled "System and Methods for Planned Evolution and Obsolescence of Multiuser Spectrum" US Patent Application. USA no. serial number 13 / 232,996, entitled “Systems and Methods to Exploit
Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems ”
US patent application USA no. Series 12 / 802,989, entitled “System and Method For Managing Handoff Of AClient Between Different Distributed-InputDistributed-Output (DIDO) Networks Based On Detected Velocity Of The Client”
US patent application USA no. serial
12 / 802,988, entitled “Interference Management, Handoff,
Power Control and Link Adaptation In Distributed-Input
Distributed-Output (DIDO) Communication Systems ”
US patent application USA no. serial
12 / 802,975, entitled “System and Method For Link adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems”
US patent application USA no. 12 / 802,974 series, entitled “System and Method For Managing Inter-Cluster
Handoff Of Clients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters ”US Patent Application. USA no. Serial 12 / 802,958, entitled “System and Method For Power Control and Antenna Grouping In ADistributed-InputDistributed-Output (DIDO) NetWork”
US patent USA no. 8,654,815, issued on February 18, 2014, entitled “System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communications ”
US patent USA no. 8,571,086, issued on October 29, 2013, entitled “System and Method for DIDO
Precoding Interpolation in Multicarrier Systems ”
US patent USA no. 8,542,763, issued September 24, 2013, titled "Systems and Methods To
Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless
Systems Via User Clustering ”
US patent USA no. 8,469, 122, granted on June 25, 2013, entitled "System and Method for Powering Vehicie Using Radio Frequency Signáis and Feedback"
US patent USA no. 8,428,162, issued on Tuesday, April 23, 2013, entitled “System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communications ”
US patent USA no. 8,307,922, granted on November 13, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Powering an Aircraft Using Radio Frequency Signáis and
Feedback";
US patent USA no. 8,170,081, issued May 1, 2012, titled “System and Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength
Measurements ”
US patent USA no. 8,160,121, issued April 17, 2012, titled, “System and Method For Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless
Communications ”;
US patent USA no. 7,885,354, issued February 8, 2011, titled "System and Method For Enhancing Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (" NVIS ") Communication Using Space-Time Coding."
US patent USA no. 7,711,030, issued May 4, 2010, titled "System and Method For SpatialMultiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications";
US patent USA no. 7,636, 381, issued December 22, 2009, entitled "System and Method for
Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communication ”;
US patent USA no. 7,633,994, issued December 15, 2009, titled “System and Method for 10 Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communication ”;
US patent USA no. 7,599, 420, issued on October 6, 2009, entitled “System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communication ”;
US patent USA no. 7,451,839, issued on November 18, 2008, entitled "System and Method for Powering a Vehicle Using Radio Frequency Generators";
<td></td><td>Patent</td><td>of</td><td>USA USA</td><td>no. 7,418,053,</td><td>awarded on 26</td><td>of</td>
<td> 20</td><td>August</td><td>of</td><td> 2008,</td><td>titled “System</td><td>and method</td><td>for</td>
<td></td><td colspan="2">Distributed</td><td>Input</td><td>Distributed</td><td colspan="2">Output Wireless</td>
Communication ”;
BACKGROUND
In cellular systems, user mobility through adjacent cells is typically managed through handover. During transfer, user information is passed from the base station of the current cell to the base station of the adjacent cell. This procedure results in significant overhead over wireless links and backlinks (due to control information), latency, and potential dropped calls (eg. eg, when the cellular management transfer is overloaded). These problems are particularly exacerbated in wireless systems employing small cells such as in long-term evolution (LTE) networks. In fact, the small cell coverage area is only a fraction of conventional macro cell deployments, thereby increasing the likelihood of users moving through the cells and the possibilities of activating transfer procedures.
Another limit of prior art cellular systems is the rigid design of base station architectures, which are not susceptible to parallelization, particularly as the number of subscribers joining the network increases. For example, each LTE eNodeB can support only a limited number of simultaneous subscribers ranging from approximately 20 users per peak cells, δ
60-100 users for small cells, and up to 100-200 users for macro cells. These simultaneous subscribers are typically served through complex scheduling techniques or through multiple access techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) or time division multiple access (TDMA).
Given the increasing demand for performance over wireless networks, in some cases at a rate of more than 2x per year, and the increasing number of wireless subscribers using data-intensive smartphones, tablets, and applications, it is desirable design systems that can provide multiple times the increase in capacity and with scalable architectures that can support large numbers of subscribers. A promising solution is the distributed input-distributed output (DIDO) technology described in the patents and related applications mentioned above. The present embodiments of the invention include a novel system architecture for DIDO systems that enables scalability and efficient use of spectrum, even in the presence of user mobility.
One embodiment of the present invention includes a virtual radio instance (VRI) comprising a protocol stack that maps to data streams coming from a network in the physical layer I / Q samples input to the DIDO precoder. In one embodiment each VRI is attached to a user device and the consistency volume, as described in this description, created by the DIDO precoder around that user device. As such, the VRI follows the user device as it moves around the coverage area, thereby maintaining its active context and eliminating the need for handover.
For example, "VRI teleportation" is described below as the process by which the VRI is carried from one physical radio access network (RAN) to another while maintaining the context in an active state and without interrupting the connection. Unlike handover in conventional cellular systems, VRI teleportation continuously delivers a VRI from one RAN to the adjacent RAN, without incurring any additional overhead. Furthermore, due to the flexible design of VIRs and since in one embodiment they are attached to only one user device, the architecture described in the present application is highly parallelizable and ideal for systems that scale up to a large number of simultaneous subscribers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained from the following detailed description together with the figures, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates the general framework of the radio access network (RAN)
Figure 2A illustrates the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol stack consisting of seven layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical, and Figure 2B illustrating the plane protocol stack. of user
Figure 3 illustrates adjacent RANs to extend coverage on DIDO wireless networks.
Figure 4 illustrates the transfer between adjacent wireless and RAN networks.
Figure 5 illustrates the transfer between networks
RAN and cell phones
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A solution to overcome many of the limitations of the prior art is a modality of distributed input-distributed output (DIDO) technology. DIDO technology is described in the following patents and patent applications, all of which are assigned to the assignee of this patent and are incorporated by reference. These patents and applications are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the "Related Patents and Applications".
US patent application USA no. serial
14 / 156,254, entitled “System and Method For Distributed
Antenna Wireless Communications ”
US patent application USA no. serial 14 / 086,700, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell 15 Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via
Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
US patent application USA no. serial number 14 / 023,302, entitled “Systems and Methods To Coordinate Transmissions In Distributed Wireless Systems Via User Clustering”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 844,355, entitled “Systems and Methods for Radio Erequency Calibration Exploiting Channel Reciprocity in Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless Communications”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 797,984, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via
Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 797,971, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 797,950, entitled “Systems and Methods for Exploiting Inter-cell Multiplexing Gain in Wireless Cellular Systems Via
Distributed Input Distributed Output Technology ”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 13 / 633,702, entitled "Systems and Methods for wireless backhaul in distributed-input distributed-output wireless systems" US Patent Application. USA no. Serial No. 13 / 475,598, entitled "Systems and Methods to enhance spatial diversity in distributed-input distributed-output wireless systems" US Patent Application. USA no. Serial No. 13 / 464,648, entitled "System and Methods to Compénsate for Doppler Effects in Distributed-input Distributed Output Systems" US Patent Application. USA no. serial
13 / 233,006, entitled “System and Methods for planned evolution and obsolescence of multiuser spectrum”
US patent application USA no. serial
13 / 232,996, entitled “Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems”
US patent application USA no. Series 12 / 802,989, entitled “System and Method For Managing Handoff Of AClient Between Different Distributed-InputDistributed-Output (DIDO) Networks Based On Detected Velocity Of The Client”
US patent application USA no. 12 / 802,988 series, entitled “Interference Management, Handoff, Power Control and Link Adaptation In Distributed-Input
Distributed-Output (DIDO) Communication Systems ”
US patent application USA no. serial
12 / 802,975, entitled “System and Method For Link adaptation In DIDO Multicarrier Systems”
US patent application USA no. Serial No. 12 / 802,974, entitled "System and Method For Managing Inter-Cluster Handoff Of Clients Which Traverse Multiple DIDO Clusters" US Patent Application. USA no. Serial 12 / 802,958, entitled "System and Method For Power Control and Antenna Grouping In A Distributed-InputDistributed-Output (DIDO) Network"
US patent USA no. 8,654,815, granted on February 18, 2014, entitled “System and Method for
Distributed Input Dístributed Output Wireless
Communications ”
US patent USA no. 8,571,086, issued on October 29, 2013, entitled "System and Method for DIDO precoding interpolation in multicarrier Systems"
US patent USA no. 8,542,763, issued on September 24, 2013, entitled “Systems and Methods to coordinate transmissions in distributed wireless systems via user clustering”
US patent USA no. 8,469,122, issued June 25, 2013, entitled "System and Method for Powering Vehicle Using Radio Frequency Signáis and Feedback"
US patent USA no. 8,428,162, issued on April 23, 2013, titled “System and Method for Distributed
Input Distributed Output Wireless Communication ”
US patent USA no. 8,307,922, granted on November 13, 2012, entitled “System and Method for Powering an Aircraft Using Radio Frequency Signáis and
Feedback";
US patent USA no. 8,170,081, issued May 1, 2012, titled “System and Method For Adjusting DIDO Interference Cancellation Based On Signal Strength
Measurements ”
US patent USA no. 8,160,121, issued April 17, 2012, titled, “System and Method For Distributed Input-Distributed Output Wireless
Communications ”;
US patent USA no. 7,885,354, issued February 8, 2011, titled "System and Method For Enhancing Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (" NVIS ") Communication Using Space-Time Coding."
US patent USA no. 7,711,030, issued May 4, 2010, titled "System and Method For SpatialMultiplexed Tropospheric Scatter Communications";
US patent USA no. 7,636,381, issued December 22, 2009, entitled “System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communication ”;
US patent USA no. 7,633,994, issued December 15, 2009, titled “System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communication ”;
US patent USA no. 7,599, 420, issued on October 6, 2009, entitled “System and Method for Distributed Input Distributed Output Wireless
Communication ”;
US patent USA no. 7,451, 839, issued November 18, 2008, entitled "System and Method for Powering a Vehicle Using Radio Frequency Generators";
<td>Patent</td><td>of</td><td>USA USA</td><td>no. 7,418,053,</td><td>granted on 26</td>
<td>August</td><td>of</td><td> 2008,</td><td>titled “System</td><td>and Method for</td>
<td colspan="2">Distributed</td><td>Input</td><td>Distributed</td><td>Output Wireless</td>
Communication ”;
one. Systems and methods for mapping VIRs on consistency volumes
The present application describes the systems and methods for supplying multiple simultaneous non-interfering data streams within the same frequency band between a network and a plurality of coherence volumes on a wireless link through virtual radio instances (VRI, for its initials in English). In one embodiment, the system is a multi-user multi-antenna system (MU-MAS) as depicted in Figure 1. The color-coded units in Figure 1 show the one-to-one correspondence between data sources 100, VIRs 106, and consistency volumes 103 as described below.
1.1 Overview of system architecture
In Figure 1, data sources 100 are files or data streams that carry the web content or files to a local or remote server, such as text, images, sounds, videos, or combinations thereof. One or multiple files or data streams are sent or received between network 102 and each consistency volume 103 on wireless link 110. In one embodiment the network is the Internet or any wired or wireless local area network.
The coherence volume is a volume in space where waveforms in the same frequency band of different MU-MAS antennas are coherently summed in a way that only the data output 112 from a VRI is received within that volume for consistency, without any interference from other data outputs from the other VRIs sent simultaneously on the same wireless link. In the present application, the term "consistency volume" is used to describe "personal cell phones" (eg, "pCells ™" 103), described above by using the phrase "areas of consistency" in applications for previous patents, such as US patent application
USA no. Serial No. 13 / 232,996, entitled "Systems and Methods to Exploit Areas of Coherence in Wireless Systems." In one embodiment, the consistency volumes correspond to the locations of the user equipment (UE) 111 or subscribers of the wireless network, such that each subscriber is associated with one or multiple data sources 100. The coherence volumes can vary in size and shape depending on the propagation conditions as well as the type of MU-MAS precoding techniques used to generate them. In one embodiment of the invention, the MU-MAS precoder dynamically adjusts the size, shape, and location of the consistency volumes, thereby adapting to changing propagation conditions to deliver content to users with a consistent quality of service.
Data sources 100 are first sent over network 102 to radio access network (RAN) 101. The RAN then translates the files or data streams into a data format that can be received by the UE 103 and send the files or data streams simultaneously to the plurality of consistency volumes, so that each UE receives its own files or data streams without interference from other files or data streams sent to the others EU. In one embodiment, RAN 1101 consists of a gate 105 as the interface between the network and VIRs 106. VIRs translate packets that are routed through the gate into data streams 112, either as raw data, or in a packet or frame structure that is fed into a MU-MAS baseband unit. In one embodiment, the VRI comprises the Open Systems Interconnection Protocol (OSI) stack consisting of seven layers: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical, as depicted in Figure 2A. In another embodiment, the VRI only comprises a subset of the OSI layers.
In another embodiment, VIRs 106 are defined from different wireless standards. As an example, but not limited to, a first VRI consists of the protocol stack of the GSM standard, a second VRI of the 3G standard, a third VRI of the HSPA + standard, a fourth VRI of the LTE standard, a fifth VRI of the standard LTE-A and a sixth
VRI of the Wi-Fi standard. In an illustrative embodiment, the VRI comprises the control plane or user plane protocol stack defined by the LTE standards. The user plane protocol stack is shown in Figure 2B. Each UE 202 communicates with its own VRI 204 through the PHY, MAC, RLC, and PDCP layers, with gate 203 through the IP layer, and with network 205 through the application layer, and despite the fact that , by using prior art techniques, different wireless standards are spectrum-incompatible and could not simultaneously share the same spectrum, by implementing different wireless standards in different VIRs in this modality, all wireless standards share the same spectrum simultaneously, and each link to a user device can use the full spectrum bandwidth simultaneously with other user devices, regardless of whether wireless standards are used for each user device . Different wireless standards have different characteristics. For example, Wi-Fi is very low latency, GSM requires only one user device antenna, while LTE requires a minimum of two user device antennas. LTE-Advanced supports 256-QAM higher order modulation. Low energy Bluetooth is cheap and very low power. New standards not yet specified may have other features, including low latency, low power, low cost, higher order modulation. For the control plane protocol stack, the UE also communicates directly with the mobility management entity (MME) through the ÑAS layer (as defined in the standard LTE stack).
The Virtual Connection Manager (VCM) 107 is responsible for assigning the PHY layer identity of the UEs (eg cell-specific radio network temporary identifier, C-RNTI) as well as instantiation, authentication and management mobility of the VRI and assignment of one or more C-RNTIs to the VIRs for the UEs. The data streams 112 at the output of the VIRs are entered into the virtual radio manager (VRM) 108. The VRM comprises a programmer unit (which programs DL packets
<td colspan="2">(downlink)</td><td>and UL</td><td>(uplink)</td><td>for</td><td>the</td>
<td>different EU)</td><td>, a</td><td>Unit</td><td>baseband (p.</td><td>eg</td><td>than</td>
<td>understands</td><td>of</td><td colspan="2">encoder / decoder</td><td></td><td>FEC,</td>
<td colspan="2">modulator / demodulator,</td><td>creator</td><td colspan="2"> resource grid)</td><td>and a</td>
<td>processor</td><td>band</td><td>base</td><td colspan="2">MU-MAS (which includes</td><td>the</td>
<td>transformation</td><td>of the</td><td>matrix,</td><td>which includes the</td><td colspan="2">Methods of</td>
DL precoding or UL postcoding). In a. In this mode, the data streams 112 are I / Q samples at the output of the PHY layer in Figure 2B that are processed by the MU-MAS baseband processor. The data streams 112 of the I / Q samples can be a purely digital waveform (eg, LTE, GSM), a purely analog waveform (eg. , FM radio without digital modulation, a beacon, or a wireless power waveform), or a mixed analog / digital waveform (eg, FM radio integrated with radio data system data, AMPS ) at the output of the PHY layer that are processed by the MU-MAS baseband processor. In a different embodiment, data streams 112 are MAC, RLC or PDCP packets sent to a scheduler unit that sends them to a baseband unit. The baseband unit converts the packets into I / Q input to the MU-MAS baseband processor. Therefore, either as the I / Q samples themselves, or converted from the packets for the I / Q samples, the data streams 112 result in a plurality of digital waveforms that are processed by the processor. MU-MAS baseband.
The MU-MAS baseband processor is the core of the VRM 108 in Figure 1 that converts the I / QM samples from the M VIRs into N 113 data streams sent to the N Access Points (AP) 109. In one embodiment, the data streams 113 are I / Q samples of the N waveforms transmitted over the wireless link 110 of the APs 109. In this embodiment, the AP consists of ADC / DAC, RF chain, and antenna. In a different embodiment, the data streams 113 are information bits and the MU-MAS precoding information that are combined in the APs to generate the N waveforms sent over the wireless link 110. In this embodiment, each AP is It equips with a CPU, DSP or SoC to carry out additional baseband processing before ADC / DAC units. In one embodiment, the data streams 113 are information bits and MU-MAS precoding information that are combined in the APs to generate the N waveforms sent over the wireless link 110 that have a lower data rate than the streams. N 113 data that is I / Q samples of N waveforms. In one embodiment lossless compression is used to reduce the data rate of data streams 113. In another embodiment, lossy compression is used to reduce the data rate of data streams.
1.2 Mobility and transfer support The systems and methods described so far will work as long as the UEs are within the scope of the APs. When UEs move from the AP coverage area the link may be cut and RAN 301 is unable to create consistency volumes. To extend the coverage area, systems can gradually evolve by adding new APs. There may not be enough processing power in the VRM, however, to support the new APs, or there may be practical installation problems connecting the new APs to the same VRM. In these scenarios, it is necessary to add the adjacent RANs 302 and 303 to support the new APs as depicted in Figure 3.
In one mode a given UE is located in the coverage area served by both the first RAN 301 and the adjacent RAN 302. In this mode, the adjacent RAN 302 only performs MU-MAS baseband processing for that UE , in conjunction with MU-MAS processing of the first RAN 301. No VRI is handled by the adjacent RAN 302 for the given UE, since the VRI for that UE
<td>is already</td><td>running inside</td><td>of</td><td>the first</td><td>RAN</td><td>301. For</td>
<td>allow</td><td>precoding</td><td colspan="2">joint between</td><td>the</td><td>first and</td>
<td>adjacent</td><td>RAN, the information</td><td>of</td><td>baseband</td><td>I know</td><td>exchange</td>
<td>between</td><td>VRM in the first</td><td>RAN</td><td>301 and the</td><td>VRM</td><td>in the RAN</td>
adjacent 302 through cloud-VRM 304 and links 305.
Links 305 are any wired (eg, fiber, DSL, cable) or wireless (eg, line-of-sight links) that can support adequate connection quality (eg, latency or low enough and adequate data rate) to avoid degradation of MU-MAS precoding performance.
In a different embodiment, a given UE moves out of the coverage area of the first RAN 301 into the coverage area of the adjacent RAN 303. In this embodiment, the VRI associated with the
UE is "teleported" from the first RAN 301 to the adjacent RAN 303. What is meant by the teleporting VRI or "teleport VRI" is the status information of the VRI that is transferred from RAN 301 to RAN 303 , and the VRI stops running inside RAN 301 and starts running inside RAN 303. Ideally, the VRI teleportation occurs fast enough that, from the perspective of the UE served by the teleported VRI, you experience no discontinuity in your data flow from the VRI. In one mode, if there is a delay before the VRI is fully executed after it teleports, then before the VRI teleport begins, the UE served by that VRI is put into a state where its connection will not be dropped or it will not otherwise enter an unwanted state until the VRI is launched in the adjacent RAN 303, and the UE is once again served by an executing VRI. "VRI teleportation" is enabled by cloud-VCM 306 that connects the VCM on the first RAN 301 to the VCM on the adjacent RAN
303. Wired or wireless 307 links between the VCM do not have the same restricted performance limitations as 305 links between VRMs, since 307 links only carry data and have no effect on MU-MAS precoding performance. In the same embodiment of the invention, additional links 305 are employed between the first RAN 301 and the adjacent RAN 303 to connect their VRMs that can support adequate connection quality (eg. , low enough latency and adequate data rate) to avoid degradation of MU-MAS precoding performance. In one embodiment of the invention, the gates of the first and adjacent RANs are connected to the cloud-gate 308 that manages all translations of network addresses (or IP addresses) through the RANs.
In one embodiment of the invention, VRI teleportation occurs between the RAN 401 described in the present application and any adjacent wireless network 402 as depicted in Figure 4. By way of example, but not limited, wireless network 402 is any conventional cellular (eg GSM, 3G, HSPA +, LTE, LTE-Advanced, CDMA, WiMAX, AMPS) or wireless local area network (WLAN, eg Wi-Fi). By way of example, but not limited to, the wireless protocol, digital or analog protocols, such as ATSC, DVB-T, may also be transmitted.
NTSC, PAL, SECAM, AM or FM radio, with or without stereo or RDS, or transmit carrier waveforms for any purpose, such as for reference timing or beacons. Or the wireless protocol can create waveforms for the transmission of wireless energy, for example, that is received by a rectifying antenna, such as those described in US patents. USA 7,451,839, 8, 469,122, and 8,307,922. As the VRI teleports from RAN401 to the adjacent wireless network 402 the UE is transferred between the two networks and can continue its wireless connection.
In one embodiment, the adjacent wireless network 402 is the LTE network shown in Figure 5. In this embodiment, the VCM cloud 502 connects to the LTE mobility management entity (MME) 508. All information about identity, authentication and mobility of each UE that is transferred between the LTE networks and the RAN 501 is exchanged between the MME508 and the cloud-VCM 502. In the same embodiment, the MME connects to one or multiple eNodeBs 503 that connect to the UE 504 through the wireless cellular network. The eNodeBs connect to the network 507 through the service gate (S-GW) 505 and the packet data network gate (P-GW) 506.
2. Systems and methods for processing DL and MU-MAS
Typical downlink (DL) wireless links consist of physical transmission channels that carry information for the entire cell and dedicated physical channels with information and data for the given UE. For example, the LTE standard defines transmission channels such as P-SS and S-SS (used for synchronization in the UE), MIB and PDCCH as well as channels to transport data to the given UE such as PDSCH. In an embodiment of the present invention, all LTE transmission channels (eg, P-SS, S-SS, MIC, PDCCH) are precoded so that each UE receives its own dedicated information. In a different embodiment, part of the transmission channel is precoded and part is not precoded. By way of example, but not limited to, the PDCCH contains transmission information as well as information dedicated to a UE, such as DCI IA and DCI 0 used to point UEs to resource blocks (RB) that are used to through DL and upstream (UL) channels. In one embodiment, the PDCCH transmission part is not precoded, while the portion containing the DCI IA and 0 is precoded so that each UE gets its own dedicated information about the RBs that carry the data.
In another embodiment of the invention, precoating is applied to all or only part of the data channels, such as PDSCHs in LTE systems. By applying precoding over the entire data channel, the MU-MAS described in the present invention allocates the full bandwidth to each UE and the plurality of data streams from the plurality of UEs are separated through spatial processing . In typical scenarios, however, most, if not all, UEs do not require full bandwidth (eg, ~ 55 Mbps per UE, maximum DL data rate for TDD # 2 configuration, and S # 7 subframe configuration, in 20 MHz spectrum). The MU-MAS in the present invention then subdivides the DL RBs into multiple blocks as in frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems and allocates each FDMA block or OFMDA to a subset of UE. All UEs within the same FDMA or OFMDA block are separated into different consistency volumes through MU-MAS precoding. In another embodiment, the MU-MAS assigns different DL subframes to different UE subsets, thus dividing the DL as in TDMA systems. In yet another embodiment, the
MU-MAS subdivides both DL RBs in multiple blocks and OFDMA systems between UE subsets and further assigns different DL subframes to different UE subsets as in TDMA systems, which therefore uses both OFDMA and TDMA to divide performance. For example, if there are 10 APs in a 20 MHz TDD # 2 configuration, then there is an aggregated DL capacity of 55 Mbps * 10 = 550 Mbps. If there are 10 UEs, then each UE could receive 55 Mbps simultaneously. If there are 200 UEs, and the aggregate performance is to be divided equally, then by using
OFDMA, TDMA or one of their combinations, the 200 UEs would be divided into 20 groups of 10 UEs, so that each UE would receive 550 Mbps / 200 = 2.75 Mbps. As another example, if 10 UEs require 20 Mbps, and the other UEs the remaining yield is evenly distributed, then
Mbps * 10 = 200 Mbps of the 550 Mbps would be used for 10 UEs, leaving 550 Mbps - 200 Mbps = 350 Mbps to divide by the remaining 200-10 = 190 UEs. As such, each of the remaining 90 UEs would receive 350 Mbps / 190=1.84 Mbps. Therefore, many more UEs than APs can be supported in the MU-MAS system of the present application, and the aggregate performance of all APs can divide between the many EUs.
In the UL channel, the LTE standard defines multiple conventional access techniques such as TDMA or SC-FDMA.
In the present invention, MU-MAS precoding is enabled via DL in order to allocate UL grants to different UEs to allow multiple TDMA and SC-FDMA access techniques. As such, the aggregate UL performance can be divided among many more UEs than there are APs.
When there are more UEs than APs and the aggregate performance is divided among the UEs, as described above, in one mode, the MU-MAS system supports one VRI for each UE, and the VRM controls the VIRs so that the VIRs use RB and resource grants according to system (s)
OFDMA, TDMA or SC-FDMA chosen used to subdivide aggregate performance. In another embodiment, one or more individual VRIs can support multiple UEs and manage performance scheduling between these UEs through OFDMA, TDMA, or SC-FDMA techniques.
In another embodiment, performance scheduling is based on balancing the load on user demand, using any of the many prior art techniques, depending on the system's performance goals and policies. In another embodiment, scheduling is based on quality of service (QoS) requirements for particular UEs (eg. , UEs used by subscribers who pay for a particular level of service, which guarantees certain levels of performance) or for particular types of data (eg video for a television service).
In a different embodiment, uplink receive antenna (UL) selection is applied to improve link quality. In this method, the quality of the UL channel is estimated in the VRM based on the signaling information sent by the UEs (eg SRS, DMRS) and the VRM decides the best receive antenna for the different UEs through of the UL. The VRM then assigns a receive antenna to each UE to improve its link quality. In a different embodiment, receiving antenna selection is used to reduce cross interference between frequency bands due to the SC-FDMA scheme. A significant advantage of this method is that the UE would transmit through the UL only to the AP closest to its location. In this scenario, the UE can significantly reduce its transmit power to reach the closest AP, thereby improving battery life. In the same mode, different power scale factors are used for the UL data channels and for the UL signaling channel. In an illustrative embodiment, the power of the UL signaling channel (eg. , SRS) is increased compared to the data channel to allow estimation of UL CSI and MU-MAS precoding (which exploits the reciprocity of UL / DL channels in TDD systems) from many APs, although the power required for UL data transmission. In the same mode, the power levels of the UL signaling and UL data channels are adjusted by the VRM through DL signaling based on transmission power control methods that equalize the relative power to / from different EU.
In a different embodiment, the maximum ratio combination (MRC) is applied at the UL receiver to improve the signal quality from each UE to the plurality of APs. In a different mode, forced zero (ZF) or least squared mean error (MMSE) or successive interference cancellation (SIC) or other nonlinear techniques or the same precoding technique as for DL precoding are applied to the UL to differentiate the data streams that are received simultaneously and within the same frequency band from different UE consistency volumes. In the same mode, receive spatial processing is applied to the UL data channel (eg, PUSCH) or UL control channel (eg, PUCCH), or both.
3. Additional modalities
In one embodiment, the coherence volume, or pCell, as described in the preceding paragraph of a first UE is the volume in space where the signal intended for the first UE has a sufficiently high signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) ) that the data streams for the first UE can be successfully demodulated, while finding the performance by predefined error rate.
Therefore, everywhere within the consistency volume, the level of interference generated by the data streams sent from the plurality of APs to the other UEs is low enough that the first UE can successfully demodulate its own data streams.
In another embodiment, the coherence volume or pCell is characterized by a specific electromagnetic polarization, such as linear, circular, or elliptical polarization. In one embodiment, the pCell of a first UE is characterized by linear polarization along a first direction and the pCell of a second UE overlaps the pCell of the first UE and is characterized by linear polarization along a second direction orthogonal to the first address of the first UE, so that the signals received at the two UEs do not interfere with each other. As an example, but not limited to, a first UE pCell has linear polarization along the X axis, a second UE pCell has linear polarization along the y axis, and a third UE pCell has linear polarization along the z axis. (where the x, y, and z axes are orthogonal) so that all three pCells overlap (i.e. they are centered at the same point in space) but the signals from all three UEs do not interfere because their polarizations are orthogonal.
In another embodiment, each pCell is uniquely identified by a location in three-dimensional space characterized by the coordinates (x, y, z) and by a polarization direction defined as the linear combination of the three fundamental polarizations along the x-axes. , y, and z. As such, the present MU-MAS system is characterized by six degrees of freedom (i.e. three degrees of freedom from location in space and three from direction of polarization), which can be exploited to create a plurality of non-interfering pCells to the different UEs.
In one mode, VRIs, as described in the previous paragraph, are separate execution instances that run on one or multiple processors. In another embodiment, each execution instance runs either on one processor, or on multiple processors on the same computer system, or on multiple processors in different computer systems connected through a network. In another embodiment, different execution instances run either on the same processor, or on different processors on the same computer system, or multiple processors on different computer systems. In another embodiment, the processor is a central processing unit (CPU), or a core processor in a multi-core CPU, or an execution context in a multi-threaded core processor, or a graphics processing unit (GPU ), or a digital signal processor (DSP), or a field programmable gate arrangement (FPGA), or a specific application integrated circuit.
The embodiments of the invention may include several steps, which have been described above. The stages can be incorporated into machine-executable instructions that can be used to have a general-purpose or special-purpose processor perform the stages. Alternatively, these steps can be performed by specific hardware components that contain wiring logic to perform the steps, or by any combination of programmed computer components and custom hardware components.
As described in this description, the instructions may refer to specific hardware configurations, such as application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) configured to perform certain operations or have predetermined functionality or software instructions stored in memory embedded in a non-transient computer readable medium. Therefore, the techniques shown in the figures can be implemented through the use of code and data stored and executed on one or more electronic devices. Such electronic devices store and communicate (internally and / or with other electronic devices over a network) code and data through the use of computer-readable media, such as non-transient computer-readable storage media (eg. ., magnetic discs;
Optical Discs; random access memory; memory of only reading; flash memory devices; phase shift memory) and transient computer-readable communication media (eg, electrical, optical, acoustic, or other forms of propagated signals - such as carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.).
Throughout this detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are described in order to provide a complete understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without some of these specific details. In certain cases, well known structures and functions are not described in elaborate detail in order to avoid obscuring the content of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope and spirit of the invention should be judged in terms of the claims that follow.
It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant for putting the aforementioned invention into practice is the one that is clear from the present description of the invention.
Contents4
5 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5
245 members in 17 offices
Priority claims14
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1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2016010048
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX2016010048
- Application
- 2016010048
- Application, DOCDB
- 2016010048
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20160010048
Titles2
- Spanish
- SISTEMAS Y METODOS PARA EL MAPEO DE INSTANCIAS DE RADIO VIRTUALES EN VOLUMENES FISICOS DE COHERENCIA EN SISTEMAS DE ANTENAS DISTRIBUIDAS.
- English
- SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAPPING VIRTUAL RADIO INSTANCES INTO PHYSICAL VOLUMES OF COHERENCE IN DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS.
Classification
- CPC, 10
- H04B7/0452
- H04B7/024
- H04L25/03904
- H04B7/2621
- H04W16/18
- H04B7/2643
- H04W72/23
- H04B7/0456
- H04L27/00
- H04W72/232
- IPC, 1
- H04L27 00