Sanitary tissue products and methods for making same.
Abstract
Se proporcionan productos de papel sanitario que usan hojas de estructura fibrosa con patrón 3D que tienen una superficie que comprende un patrón tridimensional (3D) novedoso, de tal manera que las estructuras fibrosas con patrón 3D y/o los productos de papel sanitario que usan las estructuras fibrosas presentan una comodidad novedosa, como se demuestra por la capacidad de compresión de las estructuras fibrosas y/o de los productos de papel sanitario, una flexibilidad novedosa como se demuestra por la rigidez en placa de las estructuras fibrosas y/o productos de papel sanitario, y/o suavidad de superficie como se demuestra por el coeficiente de deslizamiento-atascamiento de fricción de las estructuras fibrosas y/o productos de papel sanitario, y métodos para su fabricación.

Term
8.2 yearsleft in the term
Expires 18 December 2034.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
10 claims: 8 independent, 2 dependent
- 1NOVEDAD DE LA INVENCIÓN REIVINDICACIONES 1. - Un producto de papel sanitario que comprende una hoja de estructura fibrosa con patrón 3D que tiene una superficie que comprende un patrón 3D que comprende una primera serie de elementos de línea que están orientados en un ángulo menor que 20° con respecto a la dirección transversal a la máquina de la hoja de estructura fibrosa con patrón 3D.
- 2- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado además porque al menos uno de los elementos de línea de la primera serie de elementos de línea exhibe una amplitud menor que 4.8 mm (190 milésimas de pulgada).
- 3- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado además porque al menos uno de los elementos de línea de la primera serie de elementos de línea exhibe una frecuencia mayor que 2.
- 4- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque al menos uno de los elementos de línea de la primera serie de elementos de línea exhibe una longitud de onda menor que 51 mm (2000 milésimas de pulgada).
- 5- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque los elementos de línea son paralelos entre sí.
- 6- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque los elementos de línea no son paralelos entre sí.
- 7- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque los elementos de línea están espaciados entre sí de 0.13 a 2.5 mm (5 a 100 milésimas de pulgada).
- 8- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque una segunda serie de elementos de línea se posiciona en forma complementaria a la primera serie de elementos de línea, preferentemente en donde la primera serie de elementos de línea exhibe un valor de una propiedad intensiva en común que es diferente al de la segunda serie de elementos de línea; con mayor preferencia en donde la propiedad intensiva en común se selecciona del grupo que consiste en:densidad, peso base, elevación, opacidad, frecuencia de crepado y combinaciones de éstos.
- 9- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque la primera serie de elementos de línea puede disponerse en un patrón 3D seleccionado del grupo que consiste en:patrones periódicos, patrones aperiódicos, patrones de línea recta, patrones de línea curva, patrones de línea ondulada, 5 patrones serpenteados, patrones de línea cuadrada, patrones de línea triangular, patrones con forma de S, patrones de línea sinusoidal y mezclas de éstos.
- 10- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque la hoja de estructura fibrosa con patrón 3D comprende fibras de pulpa. 10 11.- El producto de papel sanitario de conformidad con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado además porque el producto de papel sanitario comprende una hoja de estructura fibrosa grabada.
Independent claims10
273 paragraphs in 6 sections, as filed
(54) Title: SANITARY PAPER PRODUCTS AND METHODS TO MANUFACTURE THEM.
(54) Title: SANITARY TISSUE PRODUCTS AND METHODS FOR MAKING SAME.
(57) Summary
Toilet paper products using 3D patterned fibrous structure sheets are provided having a surface comprising a novel three-dimensional (3D) pattern such that fibrous 3D patterned structures and / or toilet paper products using Fibrous structures present novel comfort, as demonstrated by the compressibility of fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products, novel flexibility as demonstrated by the plate stiffness of fibrous structures and / or toilet paper products, and / or surface smoothness as demonstrated by the slip-jam coefficient of friction of fibrous structures and / or products of toilet paper, and methods for its manufacture.
(57) Abstract
Sanitary tissue products employing 3D patterned fibrous structure plies having a surface comprising a novel threedimensional (3D) pattern such that the 3D patterned fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products employing the fibrous structures exhibit novel cushiness as evidenced by compressibility of the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products, novel flexibility as evidenced by píate stiffness of the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products, and / or surface smoothness as evidenced by slip stick coefficient of friction of the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products, and methods for making same, are provided.
SANITARY PAPER PRODUCTS AND METHODS TO MANUFACTURE THEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to toilet paper products comprising fibrous structures having a surface comprising a novel three-dimensional (3D) pattern, such that fibrous structures and / or toilet paper products using fibrous structures are comfortable novel as demonstrated by the compressibility of fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products, novel flexibility as demonstrated by the plate stiffness of fibrous structures and / or toilet paper products, and / or surface smoothness, as demonstrated by the slip-stick coefficient of friction of fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products, and the methods for their manufacture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Comfort, flexibility, and surface smoothness are attributes consumers want in toilet paper products, for example, toilet paper products. A technical measure of comfort is the compressibility capacity of the toilet paper product which is measured by the Stack Compressibility Capacity Test method. A technical measure of flexibility is the plate stiffness of the toilet paper product that is measured by the plate stiffness test method. A technical measure of surface smoothness is the slip-jam coefficient of friction of the toilet paper product, which is measured by the slip-jam coefficient friction test method. However, there has been a dichotomy between comfort and surface smoothness. Historically, when the surface uniformity of a toilet paper product, such as toilet paper, has increased, the comfort of the toilet paper product has decreased, and vice versa. Current sanitary paper products do not meet consumer expectations for comfort, flexibility and surface smoothness.
Accordingly, a problem faced by manufacturers of sanitary paper products is how to improve (i.e. increase) compressibility properties, improve (i.e. decrease) plate stiffness properties, and improve (is say, decrease) the properties of the slip-binding coefficient of friction, and more importantly, without using surface softening agents for sanitary paper products, for example, bathroom sanitary products, to make those sanitary paper products more comfortable, more flexible, and / or smoother and thus better meet the expectations of the consumer of sanitary paper products, so that they are more similar to a fabric, be luxurious and plush, since the actions historically used to make a softer sanitary product have a negative impact on the comfort of the sanitary paper product and vice versa.
Accordingly, there is a need for sanitary paper products, for example, toilet paper products, that exhibit improved compressibility and plate stiffness properties, and / or slip-jam coefficient of friction properties that provide consumers with products. paper towels that meet your wishes and expectations for more comfortable and / or luxurious products, and methods for making such toilet paper products.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention satisfies the need described above by providing toilet paper products, for example, toilet paper products, that are more comfortable and flexible than known toilet paper products, for example, toilet paper products, as evidenced by improved compressibility ability as measured in accordance with the stack compressibility capability test method and improved plate stiffness, in accordance with the plate stiffness test method, and methods for manufacturing such sanitary paper products.
A solution to the problem outlined above is achieved by manufacturing toilet paper products or at least one fibrous structured sheet used in toilet paper products with patterned molding members that impart three-dimensional (3D) patterns for toilet paper products. and / or fibrous structure sheets made therefrom, wherein the pattern molding members are designed such that the resulting sanitary paper products, for example, bathroom sanitary products made from pattern molding members are more comfortable, flexible and / or softer than known sanitary paper products, as evidenced by sanitary paper products, for example, toilet paper products, which exhibit a greater compressibility (i.e. greater than 21 and / or greater than 34 and / or greater than 12 pm / (log-pa) (36 thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>)))) to the compressibility of known sanitary paper products, for example, toilet paper products, as measured in accordance with the Stack Compressibility and Plate Stiffness test method of less than (i.e. less than 3.8 and / or less than 3.75 N * mm) the plate stiffness of known sanitary paper products, for example, toilet paper products, as measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method and slip-jam friction coefficient that are less than (i.e., less than 500, and / or less than 340 (COF * 10000) coefficient of friction of Slipping jamming of known toilet paper, for example bathroom toilet paper products, as measured in accordance with the fictional slip-binding coefficient test method. Non-limiting examples of patterned molding members include felts, patterned wires, patterned rolls, patterned fabrics, and patterned webs used in conventional air-laid, wet pressure paper manufacturing processes, and / or or wet-laying processes that produce 3D patterned toilet paper products and / or 3D patterned fibrous web sheets that are used in toilet paper products. Other non-limiting examples of such patterned molding members include air circulation drying fabrics and webs used in air circulation drying papermaking processes that produce air circulation drying sanitary paper products, for example, 3D-patterned air-dried toilet paper products, and / or air-dried fibrous structure sheets, for example, fibrous structure sheets dried by air circulation with 3D patterns, used in sanitary paper products.
In an example of the present invention, there is provided a sanitary paper product comprising a sheet of fibrous 3D patterned structure comprising a first series of line elements that are oriented at an angle of -20 ° to 20 ° with respect to the transverse direction of the fibrous structure sheet with 3D pattern.
In another example of the present invention, there is provided a sanitary paper product comprising a sheet of fibrous structure with a 3D pattern with a surface comprising a 3D pattern comprising a first series of linear elements, wherein at least one of the elements Linear exhibits an amplitude less than 4.8 mm and / or 0 mm to less than 4.8 mm (190 thousandths of an inch and / or 0 thousandths of an inch to less than 190 thousandths of an inch) and a frequency greater than 2.
In another example of the present invention, there is provided a sanitary paper product comprising a 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet having a surface comprising a 3D pattern comprising a first series of line elements, wherein at least one of the line elements exhibits an amplitude of less than 4.8 millimeters and / or from 0 millimeters to less than 4.8 millimeters (190 thousandths of an inch and / or from 0 thousandths of an inch to less than 190 thousandths of an inch) and a wavelength greater than 0 to less than 51 millimeters (0 to less than 2000 thousandths of an inch).
In another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a single or multiple sheet sanitary paper product in accordance with the present invention, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
to. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure such that the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet having a 3D patterned surface comprising a first series of line elements that are oriented to a angle of -20 ° to 20 ° with respect to the transverse direction of the fibrous structure sheet with 3D pattern;
b. providing a single or multiple sheet sanitary paper product comprising a sheet of fibrous structure with 3D pattern, in accordance with the present invention,
In another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a single or multiple sheet sanitary paper product in accordance with the present invention, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
to. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure such that a 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet having a 3D patterned surface comprising a first series of line elements is formed, wherein at least one of the line elements exhibits an amplitude less than 4.8 millimeters and / or from 0 millimeters to less than
4.8 millimeters (190 thousandths of an inch and / or 0 thousandths of an inch to less than 190 thousandths of an inch) and a frequency greater than 2;
b. providing a single or multiple sheet sanitary paper product comprising a sheet of 3D pattern fibrous structure, in accordance with the present invention.
In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a single or multiple sheet sanitary paper product in accordance with the present invention, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
to. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure such that a 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet having a 3D patterned surface comprising a first series of line elements is formed, wherein at least one of the line elements exhibits an amplitude less than 4.8 millimeters and / or from 0 millimeters to less than
4.8 millimeters (190 thousandths of an inch and / or 0 thousandths of an inch to less than 190 thousandths of an inch) and a wavelength greater than 0 to less than 51 millimeters (0 to less than 2000 thousandths of an inch);
b. providing a single or multiple sheet sanitary paper product according to the present invention, comprising a sheet of 3D-pattern fibrous structure.
Accordingly, the present invention provides sanitary paper products, for example, toilet paper products, which comprise a 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet having a 3D patterned surface resulting in the sanitary paper product being more comfortable, flexible and / or soft than known sanitary paper products, eg, toilet paper products, and the methods of making them.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1A is a schematic representation of an example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure IB is a schematic representation of another example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 1C is a schematic representation of another example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure ID is a schematic representation of another example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 1E is a schematic representation of another example of a design element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 1F is a schematic representation of another example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 1G is a schematic representation of another example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 1H is a schematic representation of another example of a line element in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an example of a fibrous structure comprising a 3D pattern in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3A is a schematic representation of the example of a molding member in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 3B is a schematic representation of a portion of the molding member of Figure 3A;
Figure 3C is a cross sectional view of Figure 3B taken along line 3C-3C;
Figure 4A is a schematic representation of a sanitary paper product made with the molding member of Figure 3A;
Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view of Figure 4A taken along line 4B-4B;
Figure 4C is a MikroCAD image of a sanitary paper product made with the molding member of Figure 3A;
Figure 4D is an enlarged portion of the MikroCAD Image of Fig. 4C;
Figure 5 is a schematic representation of an example of a process for making paper by air circulation drying, for making sanitary paper in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 6 is a schematic representation of an example of a process for making uncreped paper by air circulation drying, for making a sanitary paper product in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an example of a process for making creped paper by fabric to make a sanitary paper product in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 8 is a schematic representation of another example of a process for making creped paper by cloth to make a sanitary paper product in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 9 is a schematic representation of an example of a process for making creped web paper by air circulation drying to make sanitary paper in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 10 is a schematic representation from above of the configuration of a slip-jam coefficient friction test method;
Figure 11 is an image of an example friction slide for use in the slip-jam coefficient friction test method; and Figure 12 is a schematic representation of the slip-jam coefficient friction test method configuration.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
Sanitary paper product, as used in the present description, means a soft, low-density article (i.e. <<0.15 g / cm<sup>3</sup>) comprising one or more sheets of fibrous structure according to the present invention, where the toilet paper product is useful as an implement for cleaning after urination and defecation (toilet paper), for otorhinolaryngological discharges (disposable tissues) and for absorbent and cleaning multifunctional uses (absorbent towels). The toilet paper product may be wound several times on itself around a core or lack a core and form a roll of toilet paper product.
The sanitary paper products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention can exhibit a basis weight greater than 15 g / m<sup>2</sup> at about 120 g / m<sup>2</sup> and / or about 15 g / m<sup>2</sup> at about 110 g / m<sup>2</sup> and / or about 20 g / m<sup>2</sup> at about 100 g / m<sup>2 </sup>and / or about 30 g / m<sup>2</sup> at 90 g / m<sup>2</sup>. Furthermore, the sanitary paper products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention can exhibit a basis weight of between about 40 g / m<sup>2</sup> at about 120 g / m<sup>2</sup> and / or about 50 g / m<sup>2</sup> at about 110 g / m<sup>2</sup> and / or about 55 g / m<sup>2</sup> at about 105 g / m<sup>2</sup> and / or about 60 g / m<sup>2</sup> at 100 g / m<sup>2</sup>.
The sanitary paper products of the present invention can exhibit a total dry tensile strength in the machine direction and cross machine direction of greater than about 0.58 N / cm and / or about 0.76 N / cm at approximately 3.86 N / cm and / or from approximately 0.96 N / cm to approximately 3.29 N / cm (150 g / in [59 g / cm] and / or from approximately 78 g / cm to approximately 394 g / cm and / or about 98 g / cm to about 335 g / cm). Furthermore, the sanitary paper product of the present invention can exhibit a total dry tensile strength in the machine direction and in the cross machine direction greater than approximately 1.92 N / cm and / or from approximately 1.92 N / cm to approximately 3.86 N / cm and / or from approximately 2.12 N / cm to approximately 3.28 N / cm and / or from approximately 2.31 N / cm to approximately 3.09 N / cm ( approximately 196 g / cm and / or from approximately 196 g / cm to approximately 394 g / cm and / or from approximately 216 g / cm to approximately 335 g / cm and / or from approximately 236 g / cm to approximately 315 g / cm ). In one example, the sanitary paper product exhibits a total dry tensile strength in the machine direction and cross machine direction less than about 3.86 N / cm and / or less than 3.29 N / cm (about 3.94 g / cm and / or less than about 335 g / cm).
In another example, The sanitary paper products of the present invention can exhibit a total dry tensile strength in the machine direction and machine cross direction greater than about 1.92 N / cm and / or greater than about 2.31 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 2.71 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 3.09 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 3.47 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 3.86 N / cm and / or from approximately 3.09 N / cm to approximately 19.30 N / cm and / or approximately 3.47 N / cm to approximately 11.58 N / cm and / or from approximately 3.47 N / cm to approximately 9.65 N / cm and / or from approximately 3.86 N / cm to approximately 7.72 N / cm (approximately 196 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 236 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 276 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 315 g / cm and / or from approximately 354 g / cm to approximately 394 g / cm and / or approximately 315 g / cm to about 1968 g / cm and / or from about 354 g / cm to about 1181 g / cm and / or from about 354 g / cm to about 984 g / cm and / or from about 394 g / cm and / or from about 787 g / cm).
The sanitary paper products of the present invention can show a total resistance to wet end tension in the machine direction and in the cross machine direction less than about 0.76 N / cm and / or less than about 0.58 N / cm and / or less than about 0.38 N / cm and / or less than about 0.28 N / cm (about 78 g / cm and / or less than about 59 g / cm and / or less than about 39 g / cm and / or less than about 29 g / cm.)
The sanitary paper products of the present invention can show a total initial wet tensile strength in the machine direction and machine cross direction greater than about 1.16 N / cm and / or greater than about 1.54 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 1.92 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 2.31 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 2.71 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 3.09 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 3.47 N / cm and / or greater than approximately 3.86 N / cm and / or approximately
I. 16 N / cm to approximately 19.30 N / cm and / or from approximately 1.54 N / cm to approximately
II. 58 N / cm and / or from approximately 1.92 N / cm to approximately 5.80 N / cm (118 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 236 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 276 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 315 g / cm. And / or greater than approximately 354 g / cm and / or greater than approximately 394 g / cm and / or approximately 118 g / cm approximately 1968 g / cm. And / or approximately 157 g / cm approximately 1181 g / cm and / or approximately 196 g / cm approximately 984 g / cm. and / or about 196 g / cm about 787 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm about 591 g / cm.
The sanitary paper products of the present invention can exhibit a density (measured with a gauge gauge at 9.3 kPa (95 g / in.<sup>2</sup>) less than about 0.60 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or less than about 0.30 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or less than about 0.20 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or less than about 0.10 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or less than about 0.07 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or less than about 0.05 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or about 0.01 g / cm<sup>3</sup> at about 0.20 g / cm<sup>3</sup> and / or about 0.02 g / cm<sup>3</sup> at about 0.10 g / cm<sup>3</sup>.
The toilet paper products of the present invention may be in the form of rolls of toilet paper product. Such rolls of sanitary paper product may comprise a plurality of connected, but perforated fibrous structure sheets, which may detach from the adjacent sheets.
In another example, the toilet paper products may be in the form of separate sheets that are stacked within a container, such as a box, and dispensed therefrom.
The fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention may comprise additives, such as surface softening agents, for example, silicones, quaternary ammonium compounds, aminosilicones, lotions and mixtures thereof, temporary wet strength agents, permanent wet strength agents, massive softening agents, silicones, wetting agents, latex, especially latex applied to surface patterns, dry strength agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and / or on sanitary paper products.
As used in the present description, "fibrous structure" means a structure that comprises a plurality of pulp fibers. In another embodiment, the fibrous structure comprises a plurality of wood pulp fibers. In another example, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of non-wood pulp fibers, for example, plant fibers, short synthetic fibers, and mixtures thereof. In yet another example, in addition to pulp fibers, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of filaments, such as polymeric filaments, for example, thermoplastic filaments such as polyolefin (i.e., polypropylene filaments) and / or hydroxyl polymer filaments. , for example, polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or polysaccharide filaments such as starch filaments. In one example, a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention means an ordered arrangement of single fibers and filaments within a structure in order to fulfill a function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous structures in the present invention include paper.
Non-limiting examples of processes for manufacturing fibrous structures include known wet-lay papermaking processes, for example, conventional wet pressure papermaking processes, air circulation drying papermaking processes, fabric creping papermaking, web creping papermaking processes, and air-laid papermaking processes. Typically, such processes include the steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a medium, either wet, more specifically, an aqueous medium, or dry, more specifically, gaseous, that is, with air as the medium. The aqueous medium used for wet laying processes is frequently mentioned as a fiber slurry. The fiber pulp is then used to deposit a plurality of fibers on a forming wire, cloth, or web so that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after which drying and / or cohesiveness of the fibers together results in a fibrous structure. Further processing of the fibrous structure can be performed in such a way that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure that is wound on the bobbin at the end of the papermaking , often referred to as a die roll, and can then be converted into a finished product, by For example, a multi-sheet toilet paper product.
The fibrous structures of the present invention can be homogeneous or layered. If laminated, the fibrous structures can comprise at least two, and / or at least three, and / or at least four, and / or at least five layers of fiber and / or filament compositions.
In one example, the fibrous structure of the present invention consists essentially of fibers, for example, pulp fibers, such as cellulosic pulp fibers and more particularly wood pulp fibers.
In another example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises fibers, but does not comprise filaments.
In yet another example, the fibrous structures of the present invention comprise filaments and fibers, such as a co-formed fibrous structure.
Coformed fibrous structure, as used in the present description, means that the fibrous structure comprises a mixture of at least two different materials, where at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as a polypropylene filament and at least one other material , unlike the first material, comprises a solid additive, such as a fiber and / or a particulate. In one example, a co-formed fibrous structure comprises solid additives, such as fibers, for example, wood pulp fibers and filaments, such as polypropylene filaments.
Fiber and / or filament, as used in the present description, means an elongated particulate having an apparent length that far exceeds its apparent width, i.e. a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10. In one example, a fiber is an elongated particulate, as described above, that exhibits a length less than 5.08 cm (2 inches), and a filament is an elongated particulate, as described above, that exhibits a length greater than or equal to than 5.08 cm (2 inches).
Typically, the fibers are considered to be discontinuous in nature. Non-limiting examples of fibers include pulp fibers such as wood pulp fibers and synthetic fibers of materials such as polyester fibers.
Typically, the filaments are considered continuous or substantially continuous in nature. Filaments are relatively longer than fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments include filaments obtained by melting and blowing and / or by bonding and spinning. Non-limiting examples of materials that can be spun to make filaments include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and synthetic polymers that include, but are not limited to, alcohol filaments. polyvinyl and / or filaments derived from polyvinyl alcohol and thermoplastic polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylon, polyolefins such as polypropylene filaments, polyethylene filaments and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers, such as polylactic acid filaments, polyhydroxyalkanoate filaments, and polycaprolactone filaments. The filaments can be single-component or multi-component, such as two-component filaments.
In an example of the present invention, fiber refers to papermaking fibers. The papermaking fibers useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers, commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Useful wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as kraft, sulphite, and sulfate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, chopped wood, thermomechanical pulps, and chemically modified thermomechanical pulps. However, chemical pulps may be preferred as they impart a superior tactile feel of smoothness to the sheets of fabric made from them. Pulps derived from deciduous trees (hereafter hardwoods) and conifers (hereafter softwoods) may be used. The hardwood and coniferous wood fibers can be mixed or alternatively layered to provide a layered weft. The US patent USA no. 4,300,981 and US Pat. USA no. 3,994,771 are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing the lamination of hardwood and softwood fibers. Furthermore, fibers derived from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the above categories, as well as other non-fibrous materials, such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate the manufacture of original paper, are applicable in the present invention.
In one example, the hardwood pulp fibers are selected from the group consisting of hardwood pulp fibers, softwood pulp fibers, and mixtures of these. Wood pulp fibers can be selected from the group consisting of tropical hardwood pulp fibers, northern hardwood pulp fibers, and mixtures of these. Tropical hardwood fibers can be selected from the group consisting of eucalyptus fibers, acacia fibers, and mixtures of these. Northern hardwood fibers can be selected from the group consisting of cedar fibers, maple fibers, and mixtures of these.
In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers, such as cotton liners, rayon, lyocell, trichomes, seed fibers, and bagasse, may be used in this invention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fibers or that can be spun into fibers include grasses and grain sources.
As used herein, trichome and trichome fiber mean an epidermal junction with variable shape, structure, and / or function, found in the non-seed portion of a plant. In one example, a trichome is an outgrowth of the epidermis of a portion of a plant that is not the seed. The outgrowth can spread from an epidermal cell. In one embodiment, the outgrowth is a trichome fiber. The outgrowth can be similar to a hair or bristle of the epidermis of a plant.
Trichome fibers differ from seed hair fibers in that they are not attached to the seed portions of a plant. For example, trichome fibers, unlike seed hair fibers, are not attached to a seed or to a seed pod epidermis. Cotton, kapok, milkweed, and coconut fiber are non-limiting examples of seed hair fibers.
Furthermore, trichome fibers differ from non-woody bark fibers and / or core fibers in that they are not adhered to the bark, also known as a phloem, or to the nucleus, also known as xylem portions of the stem of a non-woody dicot plant. Some non-limiting examples of plants that have been used to produce non-woody plant cloth fibers and / or non-woody core fibers include kenaf, jute, flax, ramie, and hemp.
Furthermore, the trichome fibers are different from the fibers derived from monocot plants, such as those derived from cereal straw (wheat, rye, barley, oats, etc.), stems (corn, cotton, sorghum, Hespera / oe funifera, etc.), reeds (bamboo, bagasse, etc.), grasses (esparto grass, lemon, sabai, Panicum virgatum grass, etc.), since these fibers derived from monocot plants are not attached to the epidermis of a plant.
Furthermore, trichome fibers differ from leaf fibers in that they do not originate from within the leaf structure. Sometimes sisal and abaca are released as leaf fibers.
Finally, trichome fibers are different from wood pulp fibers because wood pulp fibers are not excrescences from the epidermis of a plant, namely a tree. Instead, the wood pulp fibers originate in the secondary portion of the xylem of a tree stem.
As used in the present description, basis weight is the weight per unit area of a sample expressed in g / m<sup>2</sup> or pounds / 3000 feet<sup>2</sup> and it is measured according to the basis weight test method described in the present description.
Machine direction or MD, as used in this description, means the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or product manufacturing equipment of toilet paper.
Machine Transverse Direction or CD, as used in this description, means the direction parallel to the width of the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or sanitary and perpendicular paper product manufacturing equipment to the machine management.
Leaf, as used in the present description, refers to an individual and integral fibrous structure.
Sheets, as used herein, refers to two or more individual integral fibrous structures arranged in a face-to-face relationship, substantially contiguous with another sheet, such that a multi-leaf fibrous structure is formed and / or a multi-sheet toilet paper product. Furthermore, it is contemplated that a single integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multi-leaf fibrous structure, for example, when folded over on itself.
Differential density, as used in the present description, means a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product comprising one or more regions of relatively low fiber density, which are known as padded regions, and one or more regions of density of relatively high fiber, which are known as angled regions.
As used in the present description, densified means a portion of a fibrous structure and / or toilet paper product characterized by areas of relatively high fiber density.
The term non-densified, as used in the present description, refers to a portion of a fibrous structure product and / or toilet paper that has a lower density (one or more regions of relatively low fiber density) (padded regions) than another portion (eg, an elbow region) of the fibrous structured product and / or toilet paper.
3D pattern, with respect to a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product, according to the present invention, means in the present description a pattern that is present on at least one surface of the fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product . The 3D pattern textures the surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary paper product, for example, by providing the surface with protrusions and / or depressions. The 3D pattern on the surface of the fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product is manufactured by making the sanitary paper product, or at least one sheet of fibrous structure used in the sanitary paper product on a molding member with a pattern that imparts the 3D pattern to the toilet paper products and / or the fibrous structure sheets made with it. For example, the 3D pattern may comprise a series of line elements, such as a series of line elements that are fundamentally oriented in the transverse direction of the fibrous structure and / or the toilet paper product.
In one example, a series of line elements can be arranged in a 3D pattern selected from the group consisting of: periodic patterns, aperiodic patterns, straight line patterns, curved line patterns, wavy line patterns, meandering patterns, line patterns square, triangle line patterns, S-wave patterns, sine line patterns, and mixtures of these. In another example, a series of line elements may be arranged in a regular periodic pattern or in an irregular periodic pattern (aperiodic) or a non-periodic pattern.
Line element, as used in the present description, means a portion of the surface of a line-shaped fibrous structure, which can be continuous, distinct, interrupted and / or partial with respect to a fibrous structure on which it is present . The line element may be of any suitable shape, such as straight, curved, coiled, curled, curvilinear, serpentine, sinusoidal, and mixtures thereof, and may form a regular or irregular periodic or non-periodic lattice along its length. , of at least 2 mm and / or at least 4 mm and / or at least 6 mm and / or at least 1 cm at approximately 30 cm and / or at approximately 27 cm and / or at approximately 20 cm and / or at approximately 15 cm and / or at approximately 10.16 cm and / or at approximately 8 cm and / or at approximately 6 cm and / or at approximately 4 cm. In one example, the line element may comprise a plurality of distinct elements, such as dots and / or dashes, for example, that are oriented together to form a line element of the present invention. In another example, the line element may comprise a combination of the linear segments and distinct elements, such as dots and / or dashes, for example, that are oriented toward each other to form a line element of the present invention. In another example, the line element can be formed by a plurality of different shapes that together form a line element. In one example, the line item may comprise different shapes selected from the group consisting of dots, dashes, triangles, squares, ellipsis, and mixtures of these.
As shown in Figure 1A, in one example, line element 10 is a sine line element that comprises a solid line. As shown in Figure IB, in one example, line element 10 is a sinusoidal line element comprising linear segments and distinct elements, eg, points, as shown, and / or dashes. As shown in Figure 1C, in one example, line element 10 is a sinusoidal line element comprising a plurality of distinct points. As shown in Figure ID, in one example, line element 10 is a sine line element comprising a plurality of distinct dashes. As shown in Figure 1E, in one example, line element 10 is a wavy line element comprising a solid line. As shown in Figure 1F, in one example, line element 10 is a square wave line element comprising line segments and distinct elements, eg, points, as shown, and / or dashes. As shown in Figure 1G, in one example, line element 10 is a square line element comprising a plurality of distinct points. As shown in Figure 1H, in one example, the line element 10 is a square wave element comprising a plurality of distinct dashes.
The line element may exhibit a ratio between the aspect (the ratio between the length of the orthogonal line element and the design direction (pattern)) and the length of the line element parallel to the design direction (pattern)) is greater greater than 1.5: 1, and / or greater than 1.75: 1, and / or greater than 2: 1, and / or greater than 5: 1. along the length of the line element. In one example, the line element has a length of at least 2 mm and / or at least 4 mm and / or at least 6 mm and / or at least 1 cm at approximately 30 cm and / or at approximately 27 cm and / or approximately 20 cm and / or approximately 15 cm and / or approximately 10.16 cm and / or approximately 8 cm. and / or about 6 cm and / or about 4 cm.
Different line elements may exhibit different common intensive properties. For example, different line elements may exhibit different densities and / or basis weights. In one example, the common intensive property is selected from the group consisting of density, basis weight, elevation, opacity, creping frequency, and combinations thereof. In one example, the common intensive property is density. In another example, the common intensive property is elevation. In one example, a fibrous structure of the present invention comprises a first series of line elements and a second series of line elements. For example, the line elements in the first series of line elements may exhibit the same densities, which are less than the densities of the line elements in the second series of line elements. In another example, the line elements in the first series of line elements may exhibit the same elevations, which are greater than the elevations of the line elements in the second series of line elements. In another example, the line elements in the first series of line elements may exhibit the same base weights, which are less than the base weights of the line elements in the second series of line elements.
In one example, the line element is a straight or substantially straight line element. In another example, the line element is a curvilinear line element, such as a sine line element. Unless otherwise indicated, the line elements of the present invention are present on a surface of a fibrous structure.
In one example, the line element and / or the line element forming component is continuous or substantially continuous within a fibrous structure, for example, in one case, one or more 11 cm x 11 cm fibrous structure sheets.
The line elements may exhibit different widths along the lengths of their lengths, between two or more different line elements, and / or the line elements may exhibit different lengths. Different line elements may exhibit different widths and / or lengths.
In one example, the surface pattern of the present invention comprises a plurality of parallel line elements. The plurality of parallel line elements can be a series of parallel line elements. In one example, the plurality of parallel line elements may comprise a plurality of sinusoidal parallel line elements.
Engraved, as used in the present description, with respect to a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product, means that a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product has been exposed to a process that converts a smooth surface fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product into a decorative surface by repeating a design on one or more rolls Engravings that form a grip line through which the fibrous structure and / or the toilet paper product passes. Engraving does not include creping, micro-creping, embossing, or other processes that can further impart a decorative texture and / or pattern to a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product.
Series of line elements, as used in the present description, means a plurality of line elements that are arranged one after the other in spatial succession. In one example, a fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise a 3D pattern having a first series of line elements that may be called knuckles and a second series of line elements that may be referred to as padding, wherein the adjacent line elements of the second series of line elements and the adjacent line elements of the second series of line elements are interrupted by a line element of the second series of line elements. Figure 2 shows a fibrous structure 12 comprising a 3D pattern 14 comprising a first series of linear elements 10A and a second series of linear elements 10B. The direction of the design (pattern), in this case, is indicated by X and is orthogonal to a line element within the first series of line elements. For example, the design direction in Figure 2 is substantially in the machine direction (MD) while the line of elements extends substantially in the cross-machine (CD) direction.
A series of line elements within a 3D pattern on the surface of a fibrous structure may be 2 or more and / or 5 and / or 10 or more and / or 20 or more and / or 50 or more line elements / cm . In one example, a plurality of line elements are arranged within a series of line elements resulting in the design having a design direction substantially in the machine direction. In one example, the line elements of a first series of line elements are arranged on a surface of a fibrous structure and / or toilet paper product, and a second series of line elements has second line elements intermixed with the elements line of the first series of line elements, such that the resulting design direction is substantially in the machine direction.
In one example, the line elements are parallel to each other within a series and / or within a fibrous structure. In another example, the line elements are not parallel (non-parallel) to each other within a series, and / or within a fibrous structure.
In another example, a second series of line elements are positioned complementary to a first series of line elements.
Amplitude, as used in the present description with respect to a line element and / or a series of line elements, means half the distance between the maximum and minimum position of an orthogonally measured 3D patterned line element. to the repeating address of the line item. The units for amplitude of the present invention are in thousandths of an inch. As shown in Figure 2, the amplitude of a line element 10A of the first series of line elements is half the distance of Y, the distance between the maximum and minimum position on the line element 10A.
In one example, the line element exhibits an amplitude of less than 4.8 mm and / or less than 3.8 mm and / or less than 2.5 mm and / or 1.3 mm and / or less than 0.89 mm from approximately 0 mm to less than 4.8 mm and / or approximately 0 mm to approximately 0.064 mm and / or approximately 0 mm to approximately 1.3 mm and / or approximately 0 mm to approximately 0.89 mm (190 thousandths of an inch and / or less than 150 thousandths of an inch and / or less than 100 thousandths inch and / or less than 50 thousandths inch and / or less than 35 thousandths of an inch, from about 0 thousandths of an inch to less than 190 thousandths of an inch and / or from about 0 thousandths of an inch to about 100 thousandths of an inch and / or from about 0 thousandths of an inch to about 50 thousandths of an inch and / or from about 0 thousandths of an inch to about 35 thousandths of an inch).
Period or repeat or repeat refers to a single unit of a line item that is repeated to create a line item. As shown in Figure 2, a period or repetition or repetition of a line element 10A of the first series of line elements is indicated by Z.
Wavelength, as used in the present description, means the length of a period, for example, Z in Figure 2, of a line element along the length of the line element. The wavelength units of the present invention are thousandths of an inch.
In one example, the line element exhibits a wavelength greater than 0 to less than 51 mm and / or less than 38 mm and / or less than 25 mm and / or less than 13 mm (0 to less than 2000 thousandths of second and / or less than 1500 thousandths of a second and / or less than 1000 thousandths of a second and / or less than 500 thousandths of a second).
Frequency, as used in the present description, means the width (in thousandths of an inch) of the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet and / or the sanitary paper product comprising the 3D patterned fibrous patterned sheet divided by the wavelength (in thousandths of an inch) of the 3D pattern on the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet and / or the sanitary paper product comprising the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet and / or the sanitary paper product comprising the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet.
In one example, the line elements of the present invention exhibit a frequency greater than 2 and / or greater than 3 and / or greater than 5 and / or greater than 6 and / or from approximately 2 to approximately 12 and / or approximately 3 to about 8.
Space, as used in the present description with reference to the space between two line elements, is the measured space between adjacent edges of two immediately adjacent line elements. Average spacing, as used in the present description with reference to the space between two line elements, is the average space measured between the adjacent edges of two immediately adjacent line elements measured along their respective paths. Obviously, if one of the line elements extends farther than the other, the average spacing measurements are interrupted at the ends of the shorter line element. In one example, the line elements in a series of line elements are spaced from the adjacent line elements within the series of approximately 0.13 to approximately 2.5 mm and / or approximately 0.25 to approximately 2 mm and / or approximately 0.5 to about 1.5 mm (5 to about 100 thousandths of an inch and / or from about 10 to about 80 thousandths of an inch and / or from about 20 to about 60 thousandths of an inch).
In one example, the line elements of the present invention may comprise a wet texture, such as that formed by wet molding, and / or by air circulation drying through a fabric and / or a fabric with drying of stamped air circulation. In one example, the wet texture line elements are waterproof.
Waterproof, as it refers to a surface pattern or part thereof, means that a line element and / or pattern comprising the line element retains its structure and / or integrity after being saturated with water and the line and / or pattern is still visible to a consumer. In one example, the line and / or pattern elements may be waterproof.
Different, as it refers to a line element, means that the line element has at least one region adjacent immediately to the fibrous structure that is different from the line element. In one example, a plurality of parallel line elements are distinct and / or separated by a channel of adjacent parallel line elements. The channel can exhibit a complementary shape to the parallel line elements. That is, if the plurality of parallel line elements are straight lines, then the channels separating the parallel line elements would be straight. Similarly, if the plurality of parallel line elements are sinusoidal lines, then the channels separating the parallel line elements would be sinusoidal. The channels can exhibit the same widths and / or lengths as the line elements.
In machine direction, as far as a line element is concerned, it means that the line element has a primary direction that is at an angle less than 45 °, and / or less than 30 ° and / or less than 15 °, and / or less than 5<sup>or</sup> and / or up to about 0<sup>or</sup> with respect to the machine direction of the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet and / or the sanitary paper product comprising the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet.
Substantially machine-oriented, as it relates to a line element and / or series of line elements means that the line element and / or series of line elements has a primary direction that is at an angle less than 20 ° and / or less than 15 ° and / or less than 10 ° and / or less than 5<sup>or</sup> and / or up to about 0<sup>or</sup> with respect to the cross-machine direction of the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet and / or the sanitary paper product comprising the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet. In one example, the line element and / or the series of line elements has a primary direction that is an angle of about 5<sup>or</sup> to about 0<sup>or</sup> and / or about 3<sup>or</sup> to about 0<sup>or</sup> with respect to the cross-machine direction of the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet and / or the sanitary paper product comprising the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet.
Wet texturing, as used herein, means that a 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet comprises a texture (eg, a three-dimensional topography) imparted to the fibrous structure and / or surface of the fibrous structure during a fibrous structure manufacturing process. In one example, in a wet laid fibrous structure manufacturing process, the wet texture can be imparted to a fibrous structure while the fibers and / or filaments are collected in a collection device having a three-dimensional (3D) surface that imparts a 3D surface to the fibrous structure that forms thereon and / or is transferred to a fabric and / or web, such as an air-drying fabric and / or a patterned web, comprising a 3D surface that imparts a 3D surface to a fibrous structure that forms on it. In one example, the collection device with a 3D surface comprises a pattern, such as a pattern formed by a polymer or resin that is deposited on a base substrate, such as a cloth, in a patterned configuration. The wet texture imparted to a wet laid fibrous structure is formed in the fibrous structure before and / or during drying of the fibrous structure. Non-limiting examples of collection devices and / or fabrics and / or bands suitable for imparting wet texture to a fibrous structure include fabrics and / or bands used in fabric creping and / or band creping processes, for example, as described in US patents. USA no. 7,820,008 and 7,789,995, rough airflow drying fabrics as used in creping-free airflow drying processes and photocurable resin pattern airflow drying belts, for example, as described in the patent from the USA USA no. 4,637,859. For the purposes of the present invention, the collection devices used to impart wet texture to the fibrous structures are patterned to produce the fibrous structures comprising a surface pattern comprising a plurality of parallel line elements, wherein the minus one, two, three, or more, for example, all parallel line elements exhibit a non-constant width along the length of parallel line elements. This is distinct from the texture that is not wet imparted to a fibrous structure after the fibrous structure has dried, for example after the moisture level of the fibrous structure is less than 15% and / or less than 10 % and / or less than 5%. An example of a non-wet imparting texture includes the engravings imparted to a fibrous structure by means of engraving rollers during the conversion of the fibrous structure.
Non-coiling, as used in the present disclosure, with respect to a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product of the present invention means that the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary paper product is a single sheet (eg. , is not connected to adjacent sheets by perforation lines). However, two or more individual sheets may be interspersed with each other and not be wound around a core or themselves. For example, a non-rolled product comprises a disposable tissue.
The stack compressibility capability test method, as used herein, means the stack compressibility capability test method described herein.
The slip-jam coefficient of friction test method means the stack friction coefficient test method described in the present disclosure.
The plate stiffness test method, as used in the present description, means the plate stiffness test method described in the present description.
Creping as used herein means creping out of the Yankee dryer or other creped roller and / or similar cloth and / or creped band. Immediate transfer of a fibrous structure alone does not result in a creped fibrous structure or creped sanitary paper product for the purposes of the present invention.
Sanitary Paper Product
The sanitary paper products of the present invention can be single or multiple sheets. In one example, the sanitary paper products of the present invention comprise one or more fibrous structures. In another example, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention are made from a plurality of pulp fibers, eg, wood pulp fibers and / or other cellulosic pulp fibers, eg, trichomes. . In addition to the pulp fibers, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention may comprise synthetic fibers and / or filaments.
In an example of the present invention, the sanitary paper product of the present invention comprises a 3D patterned fibrous structure sheet having a surface comprising a 3D pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary paper product exhibits a capacity compressibility greater than 12.0 and / or greater than 12.2 and / or greater than 12.7 and / or greater than 13.0 pm / (log-Pa) (46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than thousandths inch (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))) measured in accordance with the test method of stack compressibility and plate stiffness less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm, measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method.
In another example of the present invention, the sanitary paper product of the present invention, for example a toilet paper product, comprises a sheet of fibrous structure with 3D pattern creped with circulating drying air with a surface comprising a 3D pattern. of the present invention, wherein the sanitary paper product exhibits a compressibility of greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 10.4 and / or greater than 10.9 and / or greater than 12.0 and / or greater than 12.2 and / or greater than 12.7 and / or greater than 13 pm / (logPa) (40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47, and / or greater than 49, and / or greater than 50 thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))) as measured in accordance with the Stack Compressibility and Plate Stiffness Test Method less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5, and / or less than 3 and / or less than
2.5 N * mm as measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method.
In another example of the present invention, the toilet paper product of the present invention is a multi-sheet, for example, two-sheet toilet paper product, for example, a toilet paper product, comprising a sheet of fibrous structure with a 3D pattern having a surface comprising a 3D pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary paper product has a compressibility of greater than 9.4 and / or greater than 9.9 and / or greater than
10.4 and / or greater than 10.9 and / or greater than 12.0 and / or greater than 12.2 and / or greater than 12.7 and / or greater than 13 pm / (log-pa) (36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40, and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))) as measured in accordance with the stack compressibility capability test method and a plate stiffness less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method.
In yet another example of the present invention, the toilet paper product is a multi-sheet, eg two-sheet product, a toilet paper toilet product, eg, toilet paper product, comprising a patterned fibrous structure Air-dried 3D having a surface comprising a 3D pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary paper product has a compressibility capacity greater than 9.4 and / or greater than 9.9 and / or greater than 10.4 and / or greater than 10.9 and / or greater than 12.0 and / or greater than 12.2 and / or greater than 12.7 and / or greater than 13 pm / (log-pa) (36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40, and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))) as measured in accordance with the stack compressibility capability test method and a plate stiffness less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method.
In yet another example of the present invention, the toilet paper product of the present invention is a multi-sheet toilet paper product comprising at least one sheet of fibrous structure by air circulation drying in 3D pattern, wherein the sanitary paper product exhibits a compressibility of greater than 9.4 and / or greater than 9.9 and / or greater than 10.4 and / or greater than 12.0 pm / (log-Pa) (36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 46 thousandths of an inch (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))) as measured in accordance with the compressibility capability test method and a plate stiffness less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method.
In yet another example, the toilet paper product of the present invention is a multi-sheet toilet paper product comprising at least one 3D patterned, creped, circulating drying air fibrous sheet of the present invention, wherein the sanitary paper product exhibits a compressibility of greater than 9.4 and / or greater than 9.9 and / or greater than 10.4 and / or greater than 12.0 pm / (log-Pa) (36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 46 thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))) as measured in accordance with the Stack Compressibility Capability Test Method and a plate stiffness less than 8.3 and / or less than 7 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured in accordance with the plate stiffness test method.
In yet another example of the present invention, in addition to exhibiting the compressibility as described above, the sanitary paper product of the present invention may further exhibit a slip-jam coefficient of friction less than 725 and / or less than 700 and / or less than 625 and / or less than 620 and / or less than 500 and / or less than 340 and / or less than 214 and / or less than 312 and / or less than 300 and / or less than 290 and / or less than 280 and / or less than 275 and / or less than 260 (COP * 10000) as measured in accordance with the coefficient test method slip-binding friction.
In yet another example of the present invention, a multi-sheet toilet paper product, for example, a toilet paper product that exhibits a total dry stress in the machine direction and cross machine direction of less than 4 N / cm (1000 g / in), comprises at least one sheet of creped fibrous structure, with circulating drying air and 3D pattern having a surface comprising a 3D pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary paper product exhibits a compressibility of greater than 9.4 and / or greater than 9.9 and / or greater than 10.4 and / or greater than 10.9 and / or greater than 12.0 and / or greater than 12.2 and / or greater than 12.7 and / or greater than 13 pm / (log
Pa) (36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46, and / or greater than 47, and / or greater than 49, and / or greater than 50 thousandths inch (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>) as measured in accordance with the stack compressibility capability test method described in this description.
The fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention can be creped or uncreped.
The fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention may be wet or air laid.
The fibrous structure and / or the sanitary paper products of the present invention may be engraved.
The fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention may comprise or lack a surface softening agent. In one example, the toilet paper product is a toilet paper product without lotion.
The fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention may comprise and / or lack trichome fibers.
The fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products of the present invention can exhibit compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values, with or without the aid of surface softening agents. In other words, the sanitary paper products of the present invention can exhibit the compressibility values described above alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values when surface softening agents are not present in the sanitary paper products, In other words, the toilet paper product lacks surface softening agents. This does not mean that toilet paper products themselves do not include surface softening agents. It simply means that when the sanitary paper product is prepared without the addition of surface softening agents, the sanitary paper product exhibits the compressibility and plate stiffness values of the present invention. Adding a surface softening agent to a sanitary paper product within the scope of the present invention (without the need for a surface softening agent or other chemicals) can increase the compressibility of a sanitary paper product and / or or plate stiffness to some extent. However, sanitary paper products that require the inclusion of surface softening agents on and / or in these to be within the scope of the present invention, in other words, to achieve compressibility and plate stiffness values of the present invention are outside the scope of the present invention.
Molding member
The sanitary paper products of the present invention and / or the 3D patterned fibrous structure sheets used in the sanitary paper products of the present invention are formed with patterned molding members resulting in the sanitary paper products of the present invention. In one example, the patterned casting member comprises a non-random repeat pattern. In another example, the patterned molding member comprises a resinous patterning.
A reinforcing element may be is a desirable (but not necessary) element in some examples of the molding member, primarily useful for providing or facilitating the integrity, stability and durability of the molding member comprising, for example, a resinous material. The reinforcing element may be fluid-permeable or partially fluid-permeable, may have various modalities and patterns of weaving, and may comprise various materials, such as, for example, a plurality of interwoven threads (including Jacquard-type and woven patterns similar), a felt, a plastic, other suitable synthetic materials, or any combination of these.
As shown in Figures 3A-3C, a non-restrictive example of a pattern molding member 20 suitable for use in the present invention comprises an air circulation dryer belt 22. The air circulation drying belt 22 comprises a plurality of semi-continuous knuckles 24 formed by line segments of semi-continuous resins 26 arranged in a non-random and repeated pattern, for example, a repeating pattern with substantially transverse direction of semi-continuous line segments 26 supported on a support fabric comprising filaments 27. In this case, the semi-continuous line segments 26 are curvilinear, eg sinusoidal. The semi-continuous knuckles 24 are spaced from the adjacent semi-continuous knuckles 24 by semi-continuous paddings 28, which constitute deflection conduits in which portions of a fibrous structure sheet are deflected which are formed in the air circulation dryer strip 22 of Figures 3A- 3C. As shown in Figures 4A-4D, a resulting sanitary paper product 29 made in the air circulation drying belt 22 of Figures 3A-3C comprises semi-continuous padded regions 30 imparted by semi-continuous pads 28 of the circulation drying belt 28 air 22 of Figures 3A-3C. The sanitary paper product 29 further comprises continuous elbow regions 32 imparted by semi-continuous knuckles 24 of the air circulation dryer belt 22 of Figures 3A-3C. The semi-continuous padded regions 30 and semi-continuous padded regions 32 may exhibit different densities, for example, one or more of the semi-continuous padded regions 32 may have a density that is greater than the density of one or more of the semi-continuous padded regions 30.
Without intending to be bound by theory, shortening (wet and dry creping, cloth creping, rapid transfer, etc.) is an integral part of the fibrous structure and / or the construction of toilet paper, which helps to generate the desired balance. resistance, elasticity, softness, absorbency, etc. The fibrous structure molding, conveying and supporting members of the fibrous supporting structure used in the papermaking process, such as rolls, wires, felts, fabrics, strips, etc. they have been designed in different ways to interact with the shortening to further control the properties of the fibrous structure and / or the toilet paper product. In the past, it has been thought to be advantageous to avoid knuckle designs with high machine direction dominance that result in machine direction oscillations of shortening forces. However, it has been unexpectedly found that the molding member of Figures 3A-3C provides a patterned molding member having semi-continuous knuckles in the transverse direction to the dominant machine, allowing better control of molding of the fibrous structure and stretch, while overcoming the negatives they had.
Table 1 below shows two sheets of known 3D patterned fibrous structure having a surface comprising a 3D patterning comprising at least one line element and an example of the invention, Example 1 in the present disclosure.
<td>Characteristic</td><td>Publication of the US patent application. USA no. 2013/0143001;</td><td>Cottonelle® Clean Care</td><td>Invention (Example 1 below)</td>
<td>Line item orientation</td><td>Machine direction</td><td>Machine direction</td><td>Substantially cross-machine direction</td>
<td>Amplitude</td><td>4.8 mm</td><td>19.05 mm</td><td>0.8636 mm</td>
<td>Wavelength</td><td>50.8 mm</td><td>114.3 mm</td><td>12.52 mm</td>
<td>Frequency</td><td> 1.985</td><td> 0.944</td><td> 8.05</td>
Non-limiting examples of methods for making sanitary paper products
The sanitary paper products of the present invention can be made by any paper making process, provided that a molding member of the present invention or at least one fibrous structure sheet of the sanitary paper product is used to make the paper product and that the sanitary paper product has values of compressibility and stiffness in the plate of the present invention. The method can be a sanitary paper product manufacturing process in which a cylindrical dryer such as a Yankee dryer is used (Yankee process) or it can be a Yankee non-dryer process such as that used to manufacture density fibrous structures substantially uniform and / or non-creped fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products. Alternatively, fibrous structures and / or sanitary paper products may be manufactured by an air-laying process and / or melt-blown and / or spin-bonding processes and any combination thereof, provided that the fibrous structures and / or Sanitary paper products of the present invention are so manufactured.
As shown in Figure 5, an example of a process and equipment, represented by number 36, for making a sanitary paper product according to the present invention comprises supplying an aqueous dispersion of fibers (a fibrous paste or aqueous compound of fiber) to an input box 38 that can have any convenient design. The aqueous fiber dispersion is distributed from the inlet box 38 to the first porous member 40, generally a Fourdrinier wire, to produce an embryonic fibrous structure 42.
A suction roller 44 and a plurality of return rollers 46, of which only two are shown, can support the first porous member 40. The first porous member 40 can be driven in the direction indicated by directional arrow 48 by use of a drive means, not shown. Optional auxiliary units and / or devices commonly associated with machines for manufacturing fibrous structures and with the first porous member 40, although not shown, include molding tables, hydrofoils, vacuum boxes, tension rollers, support rollers, showers wire cleaning, and the like.
After the aqueous fiber dispersion is deposited on the first porous member 40, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is formed, typically, by removing a portion of the aqueous dispersion medium by techniques known to those skilled in the art. Vacuum boxes, molding boards, hydrofoils and the like are useful for removing water. The embryonic fibrous structure 42 can be moved with the first porous member 40 around return roller 46 and contacted with a patterned casting member 20, such as a 3D patterned air circulation drying belt. While in contact with the patterned casting member 20, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is deflected, rearranged, and / or further drained. This can be accomplished by applying different speeds and / or pressures:
The patterned molding member 20 can come in the form of an endless band. In this simplified representation, the patterned casting member 20 passes around the return rollers of the patterned casting member 52 and the print lamination roll 54 and can be moved in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56. Associated with patterned molding member 20, although not shown, there may be various support rollers, other return rollers, cleaning means, drive members, and the like, known to those of skill in the art, which can be used commonly in fibrous structure manufacturing machines.
After the embryonic fibrous structure 42 associates with patterned cast member 20, the fibers within embryonic fibrous structure 42 are deflected into padding (deflection conduits) present in patterned cast member 20. In an example of this process step, essentially no removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 occurs through the deflection conduits after the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been associated with patterned molding member 20, but prior to deflection of the fibers in the deflection conduits. During and / or after the moment the fibers deviate in the deflection conduits, more water can be removed from the embryonic fibrous structure 42. The removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 can continue until the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 associated with the molding member 20 increases to a percentage of about 25% to about 35%. Once this consistency of the embryonal fibrous structure 42 is obtained, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is referred to as intermediate fibrous structure 58. During the process of forming the embryonic fibrous structure 42, sufficient water can be removed, for example, by a non-compressive process, from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 before it is associated with the patterned molding member 20, such that the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 can be from about 10% to about 30%.
Although applicants do not intend to be restricted by any particular theory of operation, it would appear that deflection of the fibers of the embryonic fibrous structure and removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure begin almost simultaneously. However, modalities can be imagined where deflection and removal of water are sequential operations. Under the influence of the applied differential fluid pressure, for example, the fibers can be deflected in the deflection conduit with a rearrangement of the accompanying fibers. The elimination of water can take place with a continuous rearrangement of the fibers. Deflection of the fibers and the embryonal fibrous structure may cause an apparent increase in the surface area of the embryonic fibrous structure. Furthermore, the rearrangement of the fibers can apparently cause a rearrangement in the spaces or capillaries between the fibers.
It is believed that fiber rearrangement can encompass one of two modes depending on a number of factors such as, for example, the length of the fiber. The free ends of the longest fibers can simply curl into the space defined by the deflection duct, while the opposite ends are confined to the flange region. On the other hand, the shorter fibers can actually be transported from the rim region to the deflection conduit (the fibers in the deflection conduits will additionally rearrange each other). Naturally, it is possible for both modes of rearrangement to occur simultaneously.
As indicated, water removal occurs during and after deflection; This elimination of water can generate a decrease in the mobility of the fibers in the embryonic fibrous structure. This decrease in fiber mobility may tend to fix and / or freeze the fibers in place after deflection and rearrangement occurred.
Obviously, drying the weft at a later stage in the process of the present invention serves to fix or freeze the fibers more firmly in place.
Any suitable means traditionally known in papermaking can be used to dry the intermediate fibrous structure 58. Examples of such a suitable drying process include exposing the intermediate fibrous structure 58 to conventional and / or air circulation dryers and / or Yankee dryers.
In one example of a drying process, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 associated with patterned molding member 20 passes around the return roller of patterned molding member 52 and is translated in the direction indicated by directional arrow 56. The structure Fibrous intermediate 58 can first pass through an optional pre-dryer 60. This pre-dryer 60 may be a conventional air circulation dryer (hot air dryer) known to those of skill in the art. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be the apparatus known as the capillary drain apparatus. In such an apparatus, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 passes through a sector of a cylinder preferably having capillary-sized pores in the cylindrical-shaped porous shell. Optionally, pre-dryer 60 can be a combination of the capillary dewatering apparatus and an air circulation dryer. The amount of water removed in pre-dryer 60 can be controlled such that a pre-dried fibrous structure 62 exiting pre-dryer 60 has a consistency of about 30% to about 98%. The pre-dried fibrous structure 62, which can still be associated with patterned molding member 20, can pass around another return roll of patterned molding member 52 while traveling to a print lamination roll 54. As the pre-dried fibrous structure 62 passes through the gripping point formed between the print lamination roll 54 and a surface of a Yankee dryer 64, the pattern formed by the top surface 66 of the patterned molding member 20 is printed in the pre-dried fibrous structure 62 to form a fibrous structure 68 with 3D pattern. The etched fibrous structure 68 can then adhere to the surface of Yankee dryer 64, where it can dry to a consistency of at least about 95%.
The etched fibrous structure 68 can then be shortened by creping the 3D patterned fibrous structure 68 with a creping blade 70 to remove the 3D patterned fibrous structure 68 from the surface of the Yankee 64 dryer, such that it occurs. a 3D patterned creped fibrous structure 72 according to the present invention. As used in the present description, shortening refers to the reduction in the length of a dry fibrous structure (which has a consistency of at least about 90% or 95%), which occurs when energy is applied to the dry fibrous structure. such that the length of the fibrous structure is reduced and the fibers in the fibrous structure are rearranged with a concomitant alteration of the connections between fibers. Shortening can be accomplished in various known ways. A common shortening method is creping. The 3D patterned creped fibrous structure 72 can be exposed to post-processing steps such as calendering, tufting and / or engraving and / or conversion operations.
Figure 6 illustrates another example of a suitable process for making sanitary paper products of the present invention. Figure 6 illustrates a non-creping process of air circulation drying. In this example, a multi-layer input box 74 deposits an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers between forming wires 76 and 78 to form an embryonic fibrous structure 80. The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is transferred to a more slowly moving transfer fabric 82 with the aid of at least one vacuum box 84. The vacuum level used for transfer of the fibrous structure may be from about 10 to about 51 kilopascals (about 3 to about 15 inches of mercury (76 to about 381 millimeters of mercury)). The vacuum box 84 (negative pressure) can be supplemented or replaced by using positive pressure from the opposite side of the embryonic fibrous structure 80 to blow the embryonic fibrous structure 80 onto the next fabric in addition or as a replacement to suck it into the next cloth with vacuum. Furthermore, a vacuum roller or rollers can be used to replace the vacuum box / es 84. Furthermore, as can be seen in Figure 6, the forming wires, the bands and / or the fabrics are supported by means of a plurality of rollers as known to a person skilled in the art.
The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is then transferred to a patterned molding member 20 of the present invention, such as a fabric for air circulation drying, and passed through air circulation dryers 86 and 88 to dry the embryonic fibrous structure 80 and form a fibrous structure with a 3D 90 pattern. While the weft is supported by the pattern 20 molding member, the 3D pattern fibrous structure 90 eventually dries to a consistency of about 94% percent or greater. After drying, the 3D pattern fibrous structure 90 is transferred from the pattern molding member 20 to fabric 92 and then sandwiched between fabrics 92 and 94. The 3D pattern dried fibrous structure 90 remains with fabric 94, which is wound on reel 96 (die roll) as a finished fibrous structure. Thereafter, the 3D patterned fibrous structure 90 can be unwound, calendered, and converted into the sanitary paper product of the present invention, such as a roll of toilet paper, in any suitable manner.
Figure 7 illustrates another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary paper products of the present invention. Figure 7 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 having a conventional double wire forming section 100, a felt section 102, a shoe press section 104, a molding member section 106, in this case a section of creped cloth, and a Yankee dryer section 108 suitable for the practice of the present invention. Forming section 100 includes a pair of forming webs 110 and 112 supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and a forming roller 116. Inlet box 118 provides papermaking paste to a gripping point 120 between a roller forming machine 16 and roller 114, and fabrics 110 and 112. The pulp forms a fibrous embryonic structure 122 which is dewatered into fabrics 110 and 112 with the aid of a vacuum process, for example in the form of a box empty 124.
The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is advanced to a papermaking felt 126, which is supported by a plurality of rollers 114, and the felt 126 is in contact with a shoe press roll 128. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is of low consistency since it is transferred to the felt 126. The transfer can be assisted with a vacuum; such as a vacuum roller, if desired, or a vacuum or take-up shoe, as is known in the art. When the embryonic fibrous structure 122 reaches the shoe press roll 128, it can have a consistency of 10-25% as it enters the grip line of the shoe press, between the shoe press roll 128 130 and the transfer roll 132. Transfer roll 132 can be a heated roll, if desired. Instead of a shoe press roll 128, it can be a conventional suction pressure roll. If a shoe press roll 128 is used, it is desirable that the roll 114 immediately before the shoe press roll 128 be a vacuum roller effective in removing water from the felt 126 before the felt 126 enters the line of grip of the shoe press 130, since the water from the paste will be pressed into the felt 126 at the grip line of the shoe press 130. In either case, the use of a vacuum roller on roller 114 is typically desirable to ensure that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 remains in contact with the felt 126 during the change of direction, as one skilled in the art will appreciate from of the diagram.
The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is wet-pressed into the felt 126 in the grip line of the shoe press 130 with the aid of the pressure shoe 134. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is compactedly dewatered in the gripping line of the shoe press 130, typically, by increasing the consistency by 15 or more points at this stage of the process. The configuration shown in the grip line of the shoe press 130 is generally called the shoe press; In connection with the present invention, transfer roller 132 functions as a transfer cylinder that operates to transmit an embryonic fibrous structure 122 at high speed, typically 305 meters / minute at 1829 m / m (1000 ft / minute (fpm) at 6000 feet per minute) to section 106 of the molding member of the present invention, for example, an air circulation drying fabric section, further referred to in this process as a creping fabric section.
Transfer roll 132 has a smooth transfer roll surface 136, which can be provided with adhesive and / or release agents, if necessary. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 adheres to the surface of the transfer roller 136 which rotates at a high angular velocity as the embryonic fibrous structure 122 continues to advance in the machine direction indicated by arrows 138. On the transfer roll 132, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 has a generally random apparent fiber distribution.
The embryonic fibrous structure 122 enters the grip line of the shoe press 130, typically in consistencies of 10-25%, and is dewatered and dried to consistencies of about 25 to about 70% for the time it is transferred to the molding member 140 in accordance with the present invention, which in this case is a patterned crepe fabric, as shown in the diagram.
Molding member 140 is supported on a plurality of rollers 114 and a gripping line roller 142 and forms a molding member gripping line 144, eg, a crepe cloth gripping line, with transfer roller 132, as shown.
Molding member 140 defines a gripping line at the distance at which molding member 140 adapts to contact transfer roller 132; that is, it applies significant pressure to the embryonic fibrous structure 122 against the transfer roll 132. For this purpose, the backing (or creping) pressure grip line roller 142 can be provided with a deformable soft surface, which will increase the length of the creping grip line and the creping angle of the fabric between the molding member 140 and embryonic fibrous structure 122, and the contact point of a shoe press roll could be used as a grip line roller 142 to increase effective contact with the embryonic fibrous structure 122 in the grip line of the high impact molding member 144, where the structure embryonic fibrous 122 is transferred to molding member 140 and is advanced in the machine direction 138. By using different equipment on the gripping line of the molding member 144, it is possible to adjust the creping angle per fabric or the withdrawal angle of the gripping line of the molding member 144. Therefore, it is possible to influence the nature and amount of fiber redistribution, delamination / unlinking, that may occur in the molding grip line 144 when adjusting these grip line parameters. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to restructure the characteristics between the fibers in the z direction, while in other cases it may be desirable to influence the properties only in the plane of the fibrous structure. Molding member grip line parameters can influence fiber distribution in the fibrous structure in a variety of directions, including induction of changes in the z direction, as well as machine direction and cross direction to the machine. In either case, the transfer from the transfer roll to the molding member is high impact in that the fabric travels slower than the fibrous structure, and a significant change in speed occurs. Typically, the fibrous structure is creped anywhere from 10-60%, and even more during transfer from the transfer roll to the molding member.
The gripping line of the molding member 144 generally extends over the distance of the gripping line of the molding member from about 3.18 millimeters to about 51 millimeters, typically from 13 millimeters to 51 millimeters (about 1/8 'to about 2, typically 1 / 2a 2). For a molding element 140, for example creping fabric, with 13 strands per centimeter CD (32 strands per inch CD), the embryonic fibrous structure 122 will find from about 4 to 64 weft filaments in the grasping line of the limb. 144 molding.
The grip line pressure at the molding member grip line 144, i.e. the load between roll 142 and transfer roll 132 is suitably 35,175 newtons per linear centimeter (20-100 pounds per linear inch (PLI )).
After passing through the gripping line of the molding member 144 and, for example, the creping by fabric of the embryonic fibrous structure 122, a fibrous 3D patterned structure 146 continues to advance along machine direction 138, where it is wet-pressed onto a Yankee cylinder (drier) 148 at transfer grip line 150. Transfer at grip line 150 occurs at the consistency of fibrous structure with 3D pattern 146, generally from about 25 to about 70%. In these consistencies it is difficult to adhere the 3D patterned fibrous structure 146 to the surface of the Yankee cylinder 152 firmly enough to completely remove the 3D patterned fibrous structure 146 from the molding member 140. This aspect of the process is important, particularly when you want to use a high drying hood speed as well as maintaining a high level of impact in creping conditions.
In this sense, it is observed that the conventional TAD processes do not use high speed hoods since sufficient adhesion to the Yankee dryer is not achieved.
It has been discovered in accordance with the present invention that the use of particular adhesives cooperate with a moderately wet fibrous structure (25-70% consistency) to adhere sufficiently to the Yankee dryer to allow high speed operation of the system and impact at high drying air jet speed. At this connection, a polyvinyl alcohol / polyamide adhesive composition, as mentioned above, is applied to 154 as needed.
The fibrous 3D patterned structure dries on a Yankee 148 cylinder, which is a heated cylinder and by the high speed impact of the Yankee 156 bell air jet. As the Yankee 148 cylinder rotates, the fibrous 3D patterned structure 146 is creped from Yankee cylinder 148 by creping blade 158, and wound on a pickup roller 160. Creping the paper from a Yankee dryer can be done using a wave creping blade such as that shown in US Pat. USA no. 5,690,788, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. The use of the wave creping knife has been shown to offer several advantages when used in the manufacture of sanitary paper products.
Generally, sanitary paper products creped by the use of a wave knife have a larger gauge (thickness), greater elongation in the machine direction and a higher vacuum volume than comparable sanitary products made with conventional creping blades. All of these changes caused by the use of the wave blade tend to correlate with an improved smoothness perception of paper products.
When using a wet creping process, an impact air dryer, air circulation dryer, or a plurality of dryers can be used in place of a Yankee. Impact air dryers are shown in the following patents and applications, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference: US Pat. USA no. 5,865,955 to Ilvespaaet et al., US Pat. USA no. 5,968,590 to Ahonen et al., US Pat. USA no. 6,001,421 to Ahonen et al., US Pat. USA no. 6,119,362 to Sundqvis et al., US Patent Application. USA with serial no. 09/733, 172, titled Wet Crepe, Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet, now US patent. USA no. 6,432,267. The complete drying unit is well known in the art and is described in US Pat. USA no. 3,432,936 to Colé et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and US Pat. USA no. 5,851,353 presenting a packaging drying system.
Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a papermaking machine 98 similar to Figure 7 for use in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a three-loop fabric machine having a forming section 100 generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. Forming section 100 includes forming wire 162 supported by a plurality of rolls, such as rolls 114. Forming section 100 further includes a forming roll 166 that supports a papermaking felt 126, such that embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on felt 126. Felt 102 extends to a press section shoe 104, wherein moisture from the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roll 132 (which is also sometimes referred to as a support roll) as described above. Thereafter, the embryonal fibrous structure 122 is creped onto a molding member 140, such as creping fabric, in one molding member gripping line 144 before being deposited in a Yankee 148 drier in another pressure gripping line 150 The papermaking machine 98 may include a vacuum rotation roller, in some embodiments. However, the three loop system can be configured in a number of ways, where a roll of rotation is not required. This feature is particularly important in relation to the rebuilding of a paper machine in terms of associated equipment relocation costs, i.e., pulp or fiber processing equipment and / or large and expensive drying equipment such as the Yankee dryer or a plurality of container dryers, which would be an extremely costly rebuild, unless improvements could be configured to be compatible with existing facilities.
Fig. 9 shows another example of a papermaking process for making sanitary paper products of the present invention. Figure 9 illustrates the papermaking machine 98 for use in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a three-loop fabric machine having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a growing former. Forming section 100 includes inlet box 118 which deposits a paste on forming wire 110 supported by a plurality of rolls 114. Forming section 100 further includes a forming roll 166, which supports a fabrication felt of paper 126, such that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126. The felt 102 extends to a shoe press section 104, where the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roll 132 and wet pressed at the same time as the transfer is made. Thereafter, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member section 106, by being transferred and / or creped into the molding member 140 of the present invention, for example, through a circulation drying belt of air, at the gripping line of the molding member 144, for example, the band creping gripping line, before being emptied by suction box 168 and then deposited into a Yankee dryer 148 in another press grip line 150 that uses a creping adhesive, as mentioned above. Transfer to a Yankee dryer from the crepe web differs from conventional transfers in that it is transferred in a conventional wet press (CWP) from a felt to a Yankee. In a CWP process the pressures in the transfer gripping line can be approximately 500 pli (87.6 kN / meter), and the pressed contact area between the Yankee dryer surface and the fibrous structure is close to or 100% . The roll press can be a suction roll, which can have a P and J hardness of 25-30. On the other hand, a web creping process of the present invention typically involves transferring to a Yankee with 4-40% pressed contact area between the fibrous structure and the surface of the Yankee dryer at a pressure of 43.8-61.3 kn / meter (250 - 350 pli). No suction is applied to the transfer grip line, and a softer pressure roller with a P and J hardness of 35-45 is used. The papermaking machine may include a suction roller, in some embodiments; However, the three loop system can be configured in different ways, where a rotating roller is not necessary. This feature is particularly important in relation to the rebuilding of a paper machine in terms of the relocation costs of the associated equipment, i.e. the inbox, the pulp or fiber processing equipment and / or the large and expensive drying equipment , such as the Yankee dryer or a plurality of container dryers, will constitute an extremely expensive rebuild, unless improvements can be configured to be compatible with existing installations.
Non-limiting examples of methods for making sanitary paper products
Example 1, Air Circulation Dryer Belt
The following example illustrates a non-restrictive example for the preparation of a sanitary paper product comprising a fibrous structure in accordance with the present invention on a Fourdrinier machine for manufacturing fibrous structure (paper) on a pilot scale.
An aqueous suspension of eucalyptus pulp fibers (bleached hardwood kraft pulp from Brazil) with a percentage of about 3% fiber by weight is prepared with a conventional pulp disintegrator, and then transferred to the raw material box made of hardwood fiber. The eucalyptus fiber suspension from the hardwood raw material box is pumped through a raw material supply line to the hardwood fan pump, where the consistency of the suspension is reduced by approximately 3% in fiber weight to about 0.15% by weight of the fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus suspension is then pumped and evenly distributed into the upper and lower chambers of a multi-layered three-chamber inlet box of a Fourdrinier wet-lay papermaking machine.
In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK (northern softwood kraft) pulps with a percentage of about 3% fiber by weight is prepared using a conventional pulp blaster, and then transferred to the box. of softwood fiber raw material. The NSK fiber suspension from the softwood raw material box is pumped through a raw material pipe to refine it to a value of approximately 630 obtained with the Canadian method for pulp drainage capacity (CSF, for $ us). The refined NSK fiber suspension is then directed to the NSK fan pump, where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of the fiber to about 0.15% by weight of the fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus suspension is then passed through and distributed into the central chamber of a multi-layered three-chamber inlet box of a Fourdrinier wet-lay papermaking machine.
In order to impart temporary wet strength to the finished fibrous structure, a 1% dispersion of a temporary wet strength additive (eg, Parez®, commercially available from Kemira) is prepared and added to the Supply of NSK fibers at a rate sufficient to supply 0.3% of the temporary wet strength additive based on the dry weight of the NSK fibers. Absorption of the temporary wet strength additive is increased when the treated grout is passed through an in-line mixer.
The wet paper making machine has a layered inlet box having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber, where the chambers feed the supply directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier wire). The eucalyptus fiber suspension with a consistency of 0.15% passes to the upper chamber of the entrance box and to the lower chamber of the entrance box. The NSK fiber suspension passes into the central chamber of the inlet box. The three layers of fibers are supplied simultaneously in a superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier wire to form on it a three-layer embryonic weft (network), where approximately 33% are eucalyptus fibers that constitute the upper layer, approximately 33% are fibers of eucalyptus that make up the lower layer and approximately 34% are NSK fibers that make up the central layer. The dewatering occurs through the Fourdrinier wire with the help of a deflector and vacuum boxes on the wire table. Fourdrinier wire is an 84M (84 by 76 5A, Albany International). The Fourdrinier wire speed is approximately 244 meters per minute (800 feet per minute (ppm)).
The wet embryonic fibrous structure is transferred from the Fourdrinier wire with a fiber consistency of approximately 16-20% at the transfer point, to a patterned air circulation drying belt, as shown in Figs. 3A-3C. The speed of the 3D pattern air circulation drying belt is equal to the speed of the Fourdrinier wire. The 3D pattern air circulation drying belt is designed to obtain a fibrous structure, as shown in Figs. 4A-4D, comprising a pattern of low density padded semi-continuous regions and high density knuckle regions. This 3D patterned air circulation drying band is formed by molding a waterproof resin surface onto a fiber mesh backing fabric as shown in Figs. 3B and 3C. The backing fabric is a 98 x 52 filament double-layer fine mesh. The thickness of the resin mold is approximately 330 microns (13 thousandths of an inch) above the backing fabric.
The fibrous structure is further dewatered by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous web has a fiber consistency of approximately 20% to 30%.
While remaining in contact with the patterned air circulation drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried with blown air pre-dryers until a fiber consistency of approximately 50-65% by weight is achieved.
After pre-dryers, the semi-dry fibrous web is transferred to a Yankee dryer and adheres to the surface of the Yankee dryer by spraying a creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with active ingredients consisting of approximately 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-50) and approximately 20% CREPETROL® 457T20. CREPETROL® 457T20 is commercially available from Ashland (ex Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Del.). . Before dry creping of the fibrous structure with a blade from the Yankee dryer, the fiber consistency increases to approximately 97%.
The scraper blade has a bevel edge of approximately 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee dryer to provide an impact angle of approximately 81 °. The Yankee dryer is operated at a temperature of approximately 135 ° C (275 ° F) and at a speed of approximately 244 mpm (800 feet per minute). The fibrous structure is wound onto a roll (die roll) by use of a surface driven reel drum having a surface speed of approximately 212 mpm (695 ppm).
Thereafter, two matrix rolls of the fibrous structure are converted to a sanitary paper product by loading the fibrous structure roll onto an unwinding stand. The line speed is 122 m / min (400 ft / min). A matrix roll of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported to an engraving carrier, where the fibrous structure is wound to form an engraving pattern on the fibrous structure, and then combined with the fibrous structure of the other matrix roll to form a multi-sheet toilet paper product (2 sheets). The etched sanitary paper product is then transported to an extruder notch through which surface chemistry can be applied. The multi-sheet toilet paper product is then transported to a winder, where it is wound onto a core to form a bale. The bale of the multi-sheet toilet paper product is then transported to a bale cutting saw, where the bale is cut into rolls of multi-sheet toilet paper product. The multi-sheet toilet paper product has the properties shown in Table 1 above.
Test methods
Unless otherwise specified, all tests described in this description including those described in the Definitions section and the following test methods are performed on samples that were conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of 23 ° C ± 1.0 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 2% for a minimum of 2 hours before the test. The samples analyzed are usable units. As used in the present description, usable units means sheets, raw material roll flat surfaces, preconverted flat surfaces and / or single or multi-sheet products. All tests are carried out in the conditioned room. Samples with defects such as wrinkles, tears, holes, and the like are not analyzed. All instruments are calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications.
Basis weight test method
The basis weight of a fibrous structure and / or sanitary paper product is measured in twelve usable unit stacks using a top loading analytical balance with a resolution of ± 0.001 g. The balance protects itself from drafts and other disturbances by using a draft shield. A precision cutting matrix measuring 3,500 inches ± 0.0035 inches by 3,500 inches ± 0.0035 inches is used to prepare all samples.
With a precision cutting die, the samples are cut into squares. The cut squares are combined to form a stack of twelve thick samples. The mass of the sample stack is measured and the result is recorded to the nearest 0.001 g.
Base weight is calculated in pounds / 3000 feet<sup>2</sup> og / m<sup>2</sup> as follows:
Base weight = (mass of the pile) / [(area of 1 square of the pile) x (number of squares in the pile)]
For example, basis weight (pounds / 3000 feet<sup>2</sup>) = [[pile mass (g) /453.6 (g / lbs)] / [12.25 (in<sup>2</sup>) / 144 (in<sup>2</sup>/feet<sup>2</sup>) x 12]] x 3000 or
basis weight (g / m<sup>2</sup>) - mass of the pile (g) / [79.032 (cm<sup>2</sup>) / 10,000 (cm<sup>2</sup>/ m<sup>2</sup>) x 12]
Result is recorded up to 0.1 lbs / 3000 ft<sup>2</sup> or 0.1 g / m<sup>2</sup> closer. Sample dimensions can be changed or varied by using a precision cutter similar to the one mentioned above so that there is at least 100 square inches of sample area in the stack.
Gauge test method
The gauge of a fibrous structure and / or toilet paper product is measured using a Progage thickness gauge (Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, West Berlin, NJ) with a pressure foot diameter of 5.1 cm (2.00 inches) (area 20.3 cm<sup>2</sup> (3.14 inch<sup>2</sup>)) at a pressure of 1.4 kPa (95 g / inch<sup>2</sup>). Four (4) samples were prepared by cutting a usable unit, so that each cut sample measures at least 2.5 inches (6.4 centimeters) per side, preventing kinks, bends, and obvious defects. The first stack is placed on the anvil with the specimen centered under the pressure foot. The foot is lowered to 0.03 cm / s (0.03 inch / s) at an applied pressure of 1.4 kPa (95 g / inch<sup>2</sup>). The reading is taken after 3 seconds and the foot is raised. Measurement is repeated similarly for the remaining 3 specimens. The gauge is calculated as the average gauge of the four specimens and is reported in thousandths of an inch (0.001 inch) to the nearest 2.5 microns (0.1 thousandths of an inch).
Density test method
The density of a fibrous structure and / or toilet paper product is calculated as the ratio of the basis weight of a fibrous structure or toilet paper product expressed in pounds / 3000 feet<sup>2</sup> divided by caliber (at 1.4 kPa (95 g / in<sup>2</sup>)) of the fibrous structure or sanitary paper product expressed in thousandths of an inch. The final density value is calculated in pounds / feet<sup>3</sup> og / m<sup>3</sup> by means of the appropriate conversion factors.
Test method of compressibility
Stack thickness (measured in thousandths of an inch, 0.003 centimeter (0.001 inch)) is measured as a function of confining pressure (g / in.<sup>2</sup>) by using a Thwing-Albert tester instrument (14 w. Collings Ave., West Berlin, NJ) compression / smoothness superiority (model 1750 - 2005 or similar), equipped with a 2500g load cell (force accuracy is +/- 0.25% when measured value is between 10% -100% of the load cell capacity, and 0.025% when the measurement value is less than 10% of the load cell capacity), a foot of pressure steel with a diameter of 2,865 centimeters (1,128 inches) (0.09 square meters (one square inch) (cross-sectional area) that is aligned parallel to the steel anvil (6.4 centimeters (2.5 inches). Pressure and anvil surfaces must be clean and dust-free, particularly when performing the steel-to-steel test.The Thwing-Albert (MAP) software controls instrument movement and data acquisition.
The instrument and software are configured to acquire a crosshead position and force data at a rate of 50 points / second. The crosshead speed (which moves the pressure foot) for the test samples is set to 0.51 centimeter / min (0.20 inch / min) (the speed of the steel-to-steel test is set to 0.13 centimeters / min (0.05 inch / min)). Crosshead position data and force data are recorded between the load cell range of approximately 5 to 1500 grams during compression of this test. Since the foot area is 6.5 square centimeters (one square inch) the recorded force data corresponds to pressure in units of g / in.<sup>2</sup>. The MAP software is programmed to select 15 crosshead position values at certain pressure trap points of 0.15, 0.38, 0.76, 1.1, 1.5, 1.90, 2.28, 3.04, 4.56, 6.08, 7.60, 9.12, 11.4, 15.2, and 19.0 kpa (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 750, 1000, and 1250 g / in.<sup>2</sup>) (that is, the recording of the crosshead position of a very close point of data obtained after exceeding the trap of each pressure point).
Since the entire test system, including the load cell, is not perfectly rigid, a steel-to-steel test (i.e. nothing expressed between the base pressure foot and the anvil) is done at least twice for each test batch, to obtain an average set of steel-to-steel crosshead positions at each of the 15 trap points. This steel-to-steel crosshead position is subtracted from the corresponding crosshead position data at each trap point per tested stack sample, resulting in stack thickness (thousandths of an inch) at each trap point pressure.
PilaT (trap) = PilaCP (trap) - AceroCP (trap)
Where:
Trap = trap point pressure
PilaT = pile thickness (in the pressure trap)
Pc stack = position of the crosshead in the test (in the pressure trap)
CP Steel = Steel to Steel Crosshead Position Test (in pressure trap) A stack of five (5) usable units is prepared for testing as follows. The minimum usable unit size is 2.5 inches by 2.5 inches (6.4 centimeters by 6.4 centimeters); however, a larger sheet size is preferable for the test, since it allows easy handling without touching the central region, where compression tests are carried out. For typical perforated rolled and toilet paper, this involves removing five (5) sets of 3 connected usable units. In this case, the test is performed on the media usable unit, and the 3 usable units are used for handling while being removed from the roll and stacked. For other product formats, it is advisable that, when possible, to create a test sheet size (each one usable unit thickness) that is large enough for the internal test region of the stack usable unit thickness 5 never physically touch, stretch or strain, but with dimensions not exceeding 36 inches by 15 inches (14 inches by 6 inches).
The 5 sheets (each one of a thickness of a usable unit) of the same approximate dimensions, are placed one on the other, in the direction of the machine and aligned in the same direction, their external face points in the same direction, and their edges are aligned +/- 3 millimeters from each other. The central portion of the stack, where compression testing will be performed, is never physically touched, stretched, or stretched (this includes never 'smoothing' the surface with a hand or other device prior to testing).
The 5-sheet stack is placed on the anvil, and positioned in such a way that the pressure foot contacts the central region of the stack (for the first compression test) at a point that is not physically touched, to make room for a subsequent (second) compression test, in addition to the central region of the stack, but separated by ¼ inch (0.64 cm) or more from the first compression test, so that both tests are at untouched and separated points in the central region of the stack. From these two tests, the average crosshead position of the stack in each pressure trap (i.e., PilaCP (trap)) is calculated. Then, using the average steel-to-steel crosshead trap points (i.e., SteelCP trap), calculate the average stack thickness for each trap (i.e. PilaT (trap) (thousandths of an inch).
The compressibility of the cell is defined in the present description as the absolute value of the linear slope of the thickness of the cell (thousandths of an inch) as a spigot of the confining pressure coil (10) (grams / inch<sup>2</sup>), using 15 trap points previously analyzed, in a least squares regression. Stack compressibility units are thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>)), and reported to an accuracy of 0.026 pm / (log-pa) (0.1 thousandths of an inch / (log (g / in<sup>2</sup>))).
Plate stiffness test method
As used in the present description, the plate stiffness test is a measure of the stiffness of a flat specimen when it is deformed downward towards a hole below the specimen. For testing, the sample is modeled as an infinite plate of thickness t that resides on a flat surface where it is centered over a hole with a radius R. A central force F is applied to the paper directly over the center of the hole which deflects the toilet paper down into the hole by a distance w. For a linear elastic material, deflection can be predicted by:
* · = Where E is the effective linear elastic modulus, v is the Poisson ratio, R is the radius of the hole and t is the thickness of the paper, taken as the caliber in millimeters measured in a stack of 5 papers with a load of approximately 2.0 kPa (0.29 psi). By taking the Poisson coefficient as 0.1 (the solution is not very sensitive to this parameter, therefore the inaccuracy due to the adopted value is likely to be less), the above equation can be rewritten for w to calculate the effective modulus as a Function of the flexibility test results:
3Z?<sup>2</sup> FE * —z— w
Test results are obtained using an MTS Alliance RT / 1 testing apparatus, Insight Renew, or a similar molding testing machine (MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, Minn.) With a 50 load cell. Newtons, and a data acquisition rate of at least 25 force points per second. While a stack of five sheets of toilet paper (created without any bending, pressure, or tension) at least 2.5 inches by 2.5 inches (6.4 cm by 6.4 cm) but not more than 5.0 inches by 5.0 inches (13 cm by 13 cm) ) oriented in the same direction, they are fixed centered on a 15.75 mm radius hole in a support plate, a blunt probe with a radius of 3.15 mm descends at a speed of 20 mm / min. For typical perforated rolled and toilet paper, sample preparation involves the removal of five (5) connected usable units, and the careful formation of a 5-sheet, accordion-style stack by folding only on the perforation lines . The test ends when the probe tip drops to 1mm below the plane of the support plate. The maximum slope is recorded (using least squares regression) in grams of force / mm over any 0.5 mm span during the test (this maximum slope generally occurs at the end of the run). The load cell controls the applied force, and further controls the position of the probe tip relative to the plane of the support plate. The peak load is recorded, and E is calculated using the above equation.
The stiffness in plate S can then be calculated per unit width as:
<img file="MX2016008142A_D0001.tif" />
y is expressed in units of Newtons * millimeters. The Testworks program uses the following formula to calculate stiffness (or it can be calculated manually from the raw data results):
MY i & i.
where F / w is the maximum slope (force divided by deflection), v is the Poisson coefficient taken as 0.1, and R is the radius of the ring.
The same sample stack (as used above) is then turned upside down and retested in the same manner as described above. This test is done three more times (with different sample stacks). Therefore, eight S values are calculated from 5 stacks of sheets from the same sample. The numerical average of these eight S values is reported as plate stiffness for the sample.
Test method of slip-jam coefficient of friction Background
Friction is the force that resists the relative movement of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements that slide against each other. Of particular interest here, 'dry' friction resists the relative lateral movement of two solid surfaces in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. Slip-jam, as applied here, is the term used to describe the dynamic variation in kinetic friction.
Friction is not, itself, a fundamental force, but originates from the fundamental electromagnetic forces between the charged particles that make up the two contact surfaces. Textured surfaces also involve mechanical interactions, as is the case when sandpaper is passed against a fibrous substrate. The complexity of these interactions makes it impossible to calculate friction from first principles impossible, and requires the use of empirical methods for the analysis and development of the theory. As such, a specific slide material and test method were identified, which have been shown to correlate with human perception of surface feel.
This method of slip-jam coefficient of friction measures the interaction of a diamond file or (120 - 140 grit) with a surface of a test sample, in this case a fibrous structure and / or toilet paper product, at a pressure of about 0.49 kpa (32 g / in<sup>2</sup>). Friction measurements are highly dependent on the accuracy of the material surface properties of the slide, and since each slide has no 'standard' reference, the variation in slide-to-slide surface property is represented by testing a sample with multiple sliders, according to the equipment and procedure described below.
Equipment and configuration
A Thwing-Albert Friction / Detachment Test Instrument (14 w. Collings Ave., West Berlin, NJ) (model 225 - 1) or equivalent if no longer available, with a smooth-surface metal test platform 200, equipped with data collection software and a calibrated load cell 2000 gram 201 (having a small connecting metal plate (defined herein as the load cell arm 202) and a crosshead 203) moving horizontally across platform 200. Attached to load cell 201 is load cell arm 202 which has a small hole near its end so that it can be attached to a sliding chain (for this method, however, the chain will not be used ). Into this hole in the load cell arm, a 214 (centímetros inch) # screw is inserted. 8 - 32) (shown in Figure 12) by partially screwing it into the opening, so that it is rigid (not loose) and points vertically, perpendicular to the arm of load cell 202.
After turning on the instrument, its test speed is set to 5 centimeters / min (2 inch / min), test time of 10 seconds, and you wait at least 5 minutes for the instrument to warm up before resetting Zero load cell 201 (with nothing to touch it) and tested. Load cell force data is obtained at a rate of 52 points per second, and is reported to the nearest 0.1 gram force. Press the Return key to move the cruiser to its starting position.
A 200-ready surface metal test platform, measuring 13 centimeters by 10 centimeters by 1.9 centimeters thick (5 inch by 4 inches by% inch) thick, is placed on top of the platen surface of the test instrument, on the left side of load cell 201, with one of its 10 cm by 1.9 cm (4 inch by% inch) sides facing load cell 201, positioned 1,158 inches (2,858 centimeters) (distance d) from the left end of the load cell arm 202, as shown in Figure 10.
Sixteen test slides 204, an example shown in Figure 11, are required to perform this test (32 slide surface faces). Each of these is manufactured using a wide double-sided 206 diamond file (25 millimeters x 25 millimeters, 120/140 grit, 1.2 millimeters thick, part number McMaster-Carr 8142A14) with 2 flat washers of 208 metal (approximately 1,746 centimeters (ll / 16 ° inch) an outer diameter and approximately 0.8731 centimeter (ll / 32 ° inches) internal diameter). The combined weight of the diamond file 206 and the 2 washers 208 is 11.7 grams +/- 0.2 gram (different washers are selected until the weight is within this range). Through the use of a metal bonding adhesive (Loctite 430, or the like), the 2 washers 208 are adhered to the c-shaped end 210 of diamond file 206 (one on the other's face), aligned and positioned such that the opening of the washer 212 is large enough for the cap screw 214 to be easily adjusted (see Figure 12), and to make the overall length of the slide 204 approximately 3 centimeters (3 inches) ) long. Slider 204 is cleaned by dipping it only from the end of diamond face 216, in an acetone bath, while at the same time gently brushing with a soft bristle toothbrush 3-6 times on both sides of the file. diamond 206. Acetone is removed and each side is dried with a Kimwipe cloth (do not rub the cloth against the diamond surface, as this can break parts of the cloth on the surface of the slide). Wait at least 15 minutes before using slide 204 in a test. Each end of plate 204 is labeled (on the arm or washer, not the diamond face) with a unique identifier (i.e. the first slide is labeled la on one side, and Ib on the other side). When all slides 16 are created and labeled, then there are 32 different diamond face surfaces available for testing, labeled la and Ib through 16a and 16b. These slides must be treated as brittle (particularly diamond surfaces) and handled carefully; Consequently, they are stored in a box with a sliding lid, or a similar protective container.
Sample preparation
If the sample to be analyzed is toilet paper, 8 sets of 2 sheets connected from the roll are gently removed, touching only the corners (not the regions where the test will contact the slide). Scissors or other sample cutter is used, if necessary. If the sample is in another shape, cut 8 sample sets approximately 20 centimeters (8 inches) long in the machine direction, approximately 10 centimeters (4 inches) long in the cross-machine direction, each of a thickness of a usable unit. A mark is made and / or made that differentiates both sides of the surface of each sample (eg, fabric side or wire side, top or bottom, etc.). When sample preparation is complete, there are 8 prepared slides with suitable markings that differentiate one side from the other. These will be hereinafter referred to as: sheets no. 1 to no. 8, each of these with a top side and a bottom side.
Test execution
The Return button is pressed to ensure that crosshead 203 is in the start position.
Without touching the test area of the sample, sheet no. 1 218 on test platform no. 200, with the top side facing up, one edge of the sheet is aligned in the cross-machine direction (i.e., the edge that is parallel to the cross-machine direction) along the edge of the platform closest to the load cell (+/- 1 millimeters) 201. This first test (extraction), out of a total of 32, will be in the machine direction on the top side of sheet 218. A brass bar weight (2.5 centimeters (1 inch) in diameter, 9.53 centimeters ( 3.75 inches) long) 220 on blade 218, near its center, aligned perpendicular in the slide removal direction, to prevent blade 218 from shifting during testing. The test slide is placed over the head of the screw 214 (i.e., the opening of the washer of the slide 212 over the head of the screw 214, and the side of the slide down) in such a way that the surface of the diamond file 206 lies flat and parallel on the surface of the blade 218 and the cap screw 214 touches the inner edge of the washer 208.
A 20 gram (+/- 0.01 gram) weight 222 cylindrical brass is gently placed on top of slide 24, with its edge aligned and centered with the rear end of the slide. The movement of the slide and the data collection is started by pressing the 'Test' button on the instrument. The test configuration is shown in Figure 12. The computer collects the force data (grams) and, after approximately 10 seconds of test time, this first of 32 test extractions is completed.
If the trial extraction is configured correctly, face 206 of the diamond file (25 millimeters by 25 square millimeters) remains in contact with blade 218 for the entire 10 second test time (i.e. does not protrude from the blade or platform edge). Furthermore, if at any time during the test the sheet 218 moves, the test is invalid, and must be performed again on another untouched part of the sheet 218, by using a heavier weight to hold the sheet down. In the event that sheet 218 tears or breaks, the test is again performed on another untouched portion of sheet 218 (or a new sheet is created from the sample). If it is torn again, slide 204 is replaced with a different one (it is given the same name as the one with the one that was replaced). These statements apply to the 32 trial extractions.
For the second of the 32 trial pulls (also in the machine direction, but in the opposite direction on the blade), the 20 gram weight, slide, and blade bar weight are removed first. The 'Return' button on the instrument is pressed to reconfigure the crosshead to its starting position. The blade is rotated 180 degrees (with the top side still up), and the weight bar is placed on the blade (in the same position described above). The test slide Ib is placed on the head screw (i.e. the hole of the slide washer on the head of the head screw, with the side of the slide Ib down) and the weight of 20 grams on the sliding, in the same way described above. Press the 'Test' button to collect the data from the second test extraction.
The third test extraction will be in the transverse direction to the machine. After removing the slide, the weights, and returning the crosshead, the blade is rotated 90 degrees from its previous position (with the top side still up), and positioned so that its edge in the machine direction is aligned with the edge of the platform (+/- 1 mm). The blade is placed in such a way that the slide does not touch the hole, if any, nor does it touch the area where the weight of the brass bar rested in previous trial extractions. The weight of the bar is placed on the sheet near its center, aligned perpendicular to the slide's extraction direction. Test slide 2a is placed over the head of the screw 214 (i.e., the opening of the washer of the slide 212 over the head of the screw 214, and the side of the slide 2a down) and the weight 20 gram 222 on slide 204, in the same manner as described above. The 'Test' button is pressed to collect the data for the third test extraction.
The fourth test extraction will also be made in the transverse direction to the machine, but in the opposite direction and in the section of the opposite half of the blade 218. After removing the slide, the weights and returning the crosshead, the blade it is rotated 180 degrees, from its previous position (with the upper side still up), and positioned in such a way that its edge in the direction of the machine aligns again with the edge of the platform (+/- 1 millimeter) . The blade is positioned in such a way that the slide does not touch the hole, if any, nor does it touch the area where the weight of the brass bar rested in previous trial extractions. The weight of the bar is placed on the sheet near its center, aligned perpendicular to the slide removal direction. The test slide 2b is placed on the head screw (i.e. the hole of the slide washer on the head screw, the side of the slide 2b down) and the weight of 20 grams on the slide, the same way as described above. The 'Test' button is pressed to collect the data for the fourth test extraction.
After completing the fourth trial pull, the slide, weights are removed, and the crosshead is returned to the start position. Sheet no. one.
Test extractions 5-8 are performed in the same way as 1-4, except that sheet no. 2 now has its bottom side facing up, and sliders 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b are used.
Test extractions 9-12 are performed in the same way as 1-4, except that sheet no. 3 has its upper side facing up, and sliders 5a, 5b, 6a, and 6b are used.
Test extractions 13-16 are performed in the same way as 1-4, except that sheet no. 4 has its bottom side facing up, and sliders 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b are used.
Test extractions 17-20 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that sheet no. 5 has its upper side facing up, and sliders 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b are used.
Test removals 21-24 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that sheet no. 6 has its underside facing up, and sliders Ha, 11b, 12a, and 12b are used.
Test extractions 25-28 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that sheet no. 7 has its upper side facing up, and sliders 13a, 13b, 14a and 14b are used.
The 29 - 32 test extractions are performed in the same way as 1-4, except that sheet no. 8 has its underside facing up, and sliders 15a, 15b, 16a and 16b are used.
Calculations and results
The collected force data (grams) is used to calculate the slip-jam coefficient for each of the 32 test extractions and, subsequently, the overall average slip-jam coefficient for the sample being tested. To calculate the slip-jam coefficient for each test extraction, the following calculations are made. First, the standard deviation is calculated for the force data centered on the 131 ° data point (which is 2.5 seconds after the start of the test) +/26 data points (i.e. the 53 data points that they cover the interval from 2.0 to 3.0 seconds). This standard deviation calculation is repeated for each subsequent data point, and stops after the 493rd point (approximately 9.5 s). The numerical average of these 363 standard deviation values is then divided by the weight of the slide (31.7 g) and multiplied by 10,000 to generate the slip-jam coefficient * 10,000 for each test pull. This calculation is repeated for the 32 trial extractions. The numerical average of these 32 slip-binding coefficient values * 10,000 values is the reported value of the slip-binding coefficient of binding * 10,000 for the sample. For simplicity, it is only called the slip-to-stick coefficient, or simply slip-to-stick, unitless (dimensionless), and reported to the nearest 1.0.
Atypical values and noise
It is common, with the described method, to observe that approximately one of the 32 test extractions exhibits data strength with a harmonic wave of vibrations superimposed on it. For whatever reason, the periodically removed slider enters a relatively high frequency, in an oscillating 'shaking' mode, which can be seen on the force versus time graph. Sine wave noise was found to have a frequency of about 10 s-1 and an amplitude in the force range of 3-5 grams. This adds a deviation to the true slip-jam result for that test; therefore, it is appropriate that this test extraction be treated as outliers, the data is removed and replaced by a new test in the same situation (eg. eg, top face in cross-machine direction) and slide number (eg, 3a).
To obtain a calculation of the total measurement noise, 'blanks' were made on the test instrument without ever touching the load cell (ie without slide). The average strength of these tests is zero grams, but the calculated slip-jam coefficient was 66. Therefore, it is speculated that for this instrument measurement system, this value represents the absolute lower limit for the slip-jam coefficient. .
The dimensions and values described in the present description are not to be understood as strictly limited to the exact numerical values mentioned. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each of these dimensions refers to the mentioned value and a functionally equivalent range close to that value. For example, a dimension described as 40 mm is understood as approximately 40 mm.
Each document mentioned in the present description, which includes any cross-reference or patent or related application and any patent or patent application to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated into the present invention by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or limited in any other way. The mention of any document is not an admission that it constitutes a prior matter with respect to any invention described or claimed in the present invention or that by itself, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or describes said invention. . Furthermore, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document contradicts any meaning or definition of the same term in an incorporated document 15 for reference, the meaning or definition assigned to this term in this document shall govern.
While specific embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It has been intended, therefore, to encompass in the appended claims all changes and modifications within the scope of the invention.
Contents6
14 sheets
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2016008142
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2016008142
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX2016008142
- Application
- 2016008142
- Application, DOCDB
- 2016008142
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20160008142
Titles
- Spanish
- PRODUCTOS DE PAPEL SANITARIO Y METODOS PARA FABRICARLOS.
Classification
- CPC, 6
- D21H27/004
- D21H27/02
- D21H27/002
- D21H5/02
- D21H25/08
- D21H27/005
- IPC, 2
- D21H27 00
- D21H27 02