Placing a fluid comprising kiln dust in a wellbore through a bottom hole assembly.
Abstract
Las modalidades se refieren a sistemas y métodos para introducir fluidos que comprenden polvo de horno dentro de un pozo a través de un arreglo de fondo de pozo. La modalidad describe un método que comprende: perforar un pozo en una formación subterránea usando un arreglo de fondo de pozo; y bombear un fluido de tratamiento dentro de un pozo a través del arreglo de fondo de pozo, donde el fluido de tratamiento comprende polvo de horno y agua.

Term
8.2 yearsleft in the term
Expires 21 November 2034.
- Priority
- Filed
- Granted
- Today
- Expires
24 claims: 14 independent, 10 dependent
- 1NOVEDAD DE LA INVENCIÓN Habiendo descrito la presente invención, se considera como novedad, y por lo tanto se reclama como propiedad lo contenido en las siguientes:REIVINDICACIONES Se reivindica: 1. Un método que comprende: perforar un pozo en una formación subterránea usando un arreglo de fondo de pozo;y bombear un fluido de tratamiento dentro de un pozo a través del arreglo de fondo de pozo, donde el fluido de tratamiento comprende polvo de horno y agua.
- 2Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, donde el arreglo de fondo de pozo comprende una barrena de perforación, y donde el tratamiento se bombea a través de la barrena de perforación.
- 3Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 o la reivindicación 2, donde el arreglo de fondo de pozo es recuperable.
- 4Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 o la reivindicación 2, donde el arreglo de fondo de pozo no es recuperable.
- 5Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, donde el arreglo de fondo de pozo se acopla a una estructura tubular.
- 6Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 5, donde la estructura tubular es una tubería de perforación, una tubería de revestimiento o una combinación de estas.
- 7Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, donde al menos una parte del pozo se extiende en una dirección que está oblicua a la vertical.
- 8Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, donde el fluido de tratamiento es un fluido de tratamiento de consolidación.
- 9Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende además hacer circular un fluido de perforación en el pozo mientras se perfora el pozo, donde al menos una parte del fluido de perforación se desplaza desde el pozo mediante el fluido de tratamiento de consolidación.
- 10Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende además permitir que al menos una parte del fluido de tratamiento de consolidación se consolide en el pozo para que tenga un tiempo de transición de aproximadamente 45 minutos o menos.
- 11Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende además permitir que al menos una parte del fluido de tratamiento de consolidación se consolide en el pozo para que tenga al menos una propiedad seleccionada del grupo que consiste en:(i) un umbral de fluencia plástica de aproximadamente 25 pascales a aproximadamente 250 pascales, (ii) una resistencia de gel estática de aproximadamente 70 lbf/100ft 2 a aproximadamente 500 lbf/100ft 2 , (iii) un límite de elasticidad en compresión de aproximadamente 1 psi a aproximadamente 2000 psi, y (iv) una resistencia a la compresión uniaxial no restringida de aproximadamente 5 psi a aproximadamente 10 000 psi.
- 12Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende además permitir que al menos una parte del fluido de tratamiento de consolidación se consolide en el pozo para que tenga al menos una propiedad que se selecciona del grupo que consiste en:(i) un tiempo de gel cero de aproximadamente 8 horas o menos, (ii) un tiempo de transición de aproximadamente 45 minutos o menos, y (iii) una resistencia de gel estática de aproximadamente 500 lbf/100ft 2 en un tiempo de aproximadamente 10 minutos a aproximadamente 8 horas.
- 13Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, que comprende además permitir que al menos una parte del fluido de tratamiento de consolidación se consolide en el pozo y ejecutar un registro de adherencia para determinar la adherencia del fluido de tratamiento de consolidación a la tubería de revestimiento.
- 14Un método de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones precedentes, donde el fluido de tratamiento se bombea dentro del pozo entre un fluido de perforación y una composición de cemento.
- 15Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes libras por galón.
- 16Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, donde el polvo de horno proviene de la fabricación de cemento.
- 17Un método de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, donde el polvo de horno comprende Si02, A12O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na20 y K2O.
- 18El método de la reivindicación 8, donde el polvo de horno está presente en una cantidad de aproximadamente 1 % a aproximadamente 65 % en peso del fluido de tratamiento.
- 19Un sistema de perforación que comprende:un arreglo de fondo de pozo;y un fluido de tratamiento para ser introducido dentro de un pozo a través del arreglo de fondo de pozo, donde el fluido de tratamiento comprende polvo de horno y agua.
- 20Un sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 19, donde el arreglo de fondo de pozo comprende una barrena de perforación.
- 21Un sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 19 o la reivindicación 20, donde el arreglo de fondo de pozo se acopla a la estructura tubular.
- 22Un sistema de acuerdo con la reivindicación 21, donde la estructura tubular es una tubería de perforación, una tubería de revestimiento o una combinación de estas.
- 23Un sistema de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 19 a 22, donde el polvo de horno proviene de la fabricación de cemento.
- 24Un sistema de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 19 a 23, donde el polvo de horno comprende SiO2, A12O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na2O y K2O.
Independent claims24
285 paragraphs in 23 sections, as filed
(54) Title: PLACEMENT OF A FLUID INCLUDING OVEN DUST IN A WELL THROUGH A WELL-FIXED ARRANGEMENT.
(54) Title: PLACING A FLUID COMPRISING KILN DUST IN A WELLBORE THROUGH A BOTTOM HOLE ASSEMBLY.
(57) Summary
The modalities refer to systems and methods for introducing fluids comprising furnace dust into a well through a downhole arrangement. The modality describes a method comprising: drilling a well in an underground formation using a downhole arrangement; and pumping a treatment fluid into a well through the downhole arrangement, where the treatment fluid comprises furnace dust and water.
(57) Abstract
Embodiments relate to systems and methods for introduction of fluids comprising kiln dust into a wellbore through a bottom hole assembly. An embodiment discloses a method comprising: drilling a wellbore in a subterranean formation using a bottom hole assembly; and pumping a treatment fluid into the wellbore through the bottom hole assembly, where the treatment fluid comprises a kiln dust and water.
PLACING A FLUID INCLUDING OVEN POWDER IN A
WELL THROUGH A WELL-FUND FIXED BACKGROUND
The modalities refer to underground operations and, in some modalities, to the introduction of fluids comprising furnace dust into a well by means of a downhole arrangement.
Wells are generally drilled into the ground to recover natural deposits of hydrocarbons and other desirable materials trapped in geological formations in the Earth's crust. Wells can be drilled by turning a drill bit located in a downhole arrangement at a distal end of a drill string. In conventional drilling, a well is drilled to a desired depth and then the well is lined with a larger diameter pipe, typically called casing. Before inserting the casing and cementing it into place, the drill string and drill bit are removed from the well. After the casing is cemented in place, drilling continues. In some cases, a technique called “casing pipe drilling” is used in which a casing pipe is used instead of a drill string. Similar to the drill string, the drill bit is connected to a distal end of the casing, and the casing is used to transmit rotational and axial forces to the drill bit. Once the well has been drilled to a desired depth, the casing can be cemented in place. In some cases, the cement compositions and associated spacer fluids used in the cementing operation are placed within the well by means of a downhole arrangement. Drilling the casing allows the well to be drilled and cased without the delays associated with removing the drill bit and drill string from the well.
A number of different fluids can be used to drill and line the well. For example, a drilling fluid can be pumped down through a drill string (or casing) out through the drill bit, and back to the surface in the annular space between the drill string. and the wall of the well. The drilling fluid can act to lubricate and cool the drill bit as well as to carry drill cuttings off the surface. Back spacer fluids can also be used in these operations. For example, a spacer fluid can be used to displace spacer fluids from the well before introducing another fluid, such as a cement composition. Cement compositions can be used to cement the casing in the well.
The cement composition can be allowed to set in the annular space between the casing and the borehole wall, thereby forming a hardened cement annular liner (for example, a cement liner) that will be able to support and place the pipe string into the well and bond the outer surface of the pipe string to the well walls. While many different fluids have been used with some success to drill and casing the well, improved fluids and techniques are needed for placement in underground operations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
These figures illustrate certain aspects of some of the embodiments and should not be used to limit or define the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an example system that can be used for the casing during drilling in accordance with various embodiments.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example system that can be used for casing during directional drilling in accordance with various embodiments.
FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic views showing the displacement of the drilling fluid with the placement of the spacer fluid and the cement composition through a downhole assembly in accordance with various embodiments.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the equipment for placing a cement composition inside a well according to certain modalities.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing measured static gel resistance values with various temperature and pressure readings as a time factor for an example treatment fluid.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing measured static gel resistance values with various temperature and pressure readings as a time factor for an example treatment fluid.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES
The modalities refer to underground operations and, in some modalities, to the introduction of a treatment fluid comprising furnace dust into a well by means of a downhole arrangement. In particular embodiments, the downhole arrangement can be coupled to a tubular structure, such as the drill pipe and / or a casing pipe. By way of example, the treatment fluid can be used in a casing pipe drilling operation, where the treatment fluid can be introduced into a well by means of a downhole arrangement that is coupled to a distal end of a pipe. Coating. In some embodiments, the treatment fluid can be introduced via a drill bit into a distal end of the downhole arrangement. The term "treatment fluid" does not imply any particular action on the part of the fluid or any of its components. Treatment fluids can be used, for example, to drill, complete, produce, repair, or in any other way to prepare well and / or well equipment for recovery of materials found in an underground formation penetrated by the hole.
Referring now to FIGURE 1, a casing pipe perforation system 100 is shown in accordance with various embodiments. As illustrated, casing pipe drilling system 100 may include a drilling rig 102 on which a drill tower 104 is supported having a movable rig 106 for raising and lowering a drill string 108. The casing pipe 108 may generally be a tubular structure and comprises a string of tubular structures, which may include a conductor casing pipe, surface casing pipe, intermediate casing pipe, production casing pipe, or casing pipe. production short. The casing collars or other suitable connectors can be used to couple the joints of the tubular structures to form the casing pipe 108. In some embodiments, a termination kit can be coupled to the casing pipe 108. The individual components for casing 108 is not shown in FIG. one. In the casing pipe drilling operation, casing pipe 108 is generally a tubular structure with a larger diameter than would typically be used for drilling. A drill stem 110 can support casing pipe 108 as it descends through rotary table 112. A downhole arrangement 114 can be attached to the distal end of casing pipe 108. Downhole arrangement 114 may be a recoverable or nonrecoverable downhole arrangement. Downhole assembly 114 may include a drill bit 116 at its distal end and may be driven either through a downhole motor and / or by rotation of casing 108 from the well surface. As drill bit 116 rotates, it creates a well 118 that penetrates several underground formations 120. In the illustrated embodiment, downhole arrangement 114 also includes a reamer 122 that can be used to extend well 118 beyond the diameter of drill bit 116, for example. In some embodiments, reamer 122 may be incorporated within drill bit 116, incorporated with a lower end of casing 108, or be a separate component coupled to drill bit 116. It should be noted that while FIG. one Generally representing a land-based casing pipeline drilling system 100, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the principles described herein can equally be applied to subsea drilling operations employing floating rigs and rigs or maritime, without departing from the scope of the description.
A pump 124 (for example, a mud pump) can circulate drilling fluid 126 through feed line 128 and into drill stem 110, which conducts drilling fluid 126 to the downhole through from inside casing pipe 108 and through one or more holes in drill bit 116. The drilling fluid 126 can then be recirculated to the surface through a defined annular space 130 between the casing 108 and the walls of the well 118. On the surface, the used or recirculated drilling fluid 126 exits the space annular 13 0 and can be transported to one or more fluid processing units 132 via an interconnected flow line 134. After passing through the fluid processing unit (s) 132, a "clean" drilling fluid 126 may be deposited in a holding basin 136 (eg, a mud basin) nearby. While illustrated arranged at the outlet of well 118 through annular space 130, those skilled in the art will readily realize that fluid processing unit (s) 132 can be placed at any other location in the drilling system. of casing pipe 100 to facilitate its proper operation, without departing from the scope of the description.
Referring now to FIGURE 2, embodiments may include drilling the directional casing. Directional drilling generally refers to the intentional deviation of well 118. Directional drilling can allow horizontal drilling through one or more underground formations.
120. As illustrated in FIG. 2, directional casing pipe drilling can be used to create a well 118 having a vertical top section 136 and a sloping bottom section 138. Any suitable technique can be used to create the sloping bottom section 138 that is not vertical. In some embodiments, downhole arrangement 114 used in drilling directional casing can be a directional rotary system that allows directional control during rotation.
Referring next to FIG. 3, drilling fluid 126 can be displaced from well 118 by means of spacer fluid 140 in accordance with certain embodiments. In some embodiments, the spacer fluid 140 may be a treatment fluid comprising oven dust and water. Spacer fluid 140 can also remove drilling fluid, dehydrated / gelled drilling fluid, and / or solids from the filter pad of well 118 prior to cementitious composition
142. The spacer fluid 140 modalities can improve the efficiency of removing these and other compositions from well 118. The removal of these compositions from well 118 can improve the adhesion of cement composition 142 to well 118 surfaces. In particular modalities , the spacer fluid 140 comprising furnace powder and water can be characterized as having a higher plastic creep threshold than the drilling fluid 126 at 80 ° F. In additional embodiments, the spacer fluid 140 comprising furnace dust and water can be characterized as having a higher plastic creep threshold than the drilling fluid 126 at 130 ° F. In still other embodiments, the spacer fluid 140 comprising oven dust and water can be characterized as having a higher plastic creep threshold than the drilling fluid 126 at 180 ° F.
Spacer fluid 140 can be pumped down through casing 108, out through downhole arrangement 114 and into annular space 130.
In some embodiments, spacer fluid 140 can be introduced into annular space 130 through drill bit 116 in the downhole assembly
114. As illustrated, spacer fluid 140 can also separate drilling fluid 126 from cementitious composition 142. Cement composition 142 can be introduced into well 118 behind spacer fluid 140 to cement liner pipe 108 into wellbore. 118. Cement composition 142 can also be pumped down through casing 108, out through downhole arrangement 114, and into annular space 130. In some embodiments, cement composition 142 can be a fluid treatment comprising oven dust and water. In some embodiments, both the spacer fluid 140 and the cement composition 142 may comprise kiln powder.
In alternative embodiments, either the spacer fluid 140 or the cement composition 142 may comprise kiln powder. In a further embodiment, at least a portion of the used and / or unused kiln dust containing spacer fluid 140 may be included in the cement composition 142 which is placed within the well 118 and allowed to set. As will be described in more detail below, spacer fluid 140 and / or cement composition 142 comprising kiln powder may also comprise one or more additional additives in various concentrations and combinations.
Referring now to FIGURE 4, well 118 is shown after drilling fluid 126 is placed in accordance with various embodiments. As illustrated, spacer fluid 140 and cement composition 142 can be placed in annular space 130 between casing 108 and well walls 118. Cement composition 142 can be allowed to consolidate in annular space 130. More particularly, the cement composition can be allowed to set in annular space 130 to form a hardened cement annular coating. The annular liner can form a barrier that prevents fluid migration in well 118. The annular liner can also, for example, support the liner pipe 108 in well 118. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the Spacer fluid 142 may also remain in annular space 130. The remaining part of the spacer fluid 142 can be consolidated into annular space 130. For example, the spacer fluid can set and harden to obtain compressive strength by reacting the oven powder in the water. Spacer fluid 142 after consolidation can prevent fluid migration in well 118 and also support casing 108 in well 118.
Referring now to FIGURE 5, a cementing unit 144 is shown that can be used in placing cement composition 142 into well 118 in accordance with certain embodiments. Although not shown, cementation unit 144 can also be used in the placement of spacer fluid 140 within well 118. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, cementation unit 144 may include mixing equipment, such as jet mixers, recirculating mixers, or volume mixers. In some embodiments, a jet mixer can be used, for example, to continuously mix spacer fluid components 140 and / or cement composition 142 as it is pumped into well 118. In some embodiments, cementing unit 144 may include one or more trucks, including mixing and pumping equipment. As illustrated, cementing unit 144 can pump cement composition 142 through feed line 146 and to a cementing head 148 that conveys cement composition 142 to the bottom of well 118. As also illustrated, fluids (eg, spacer fluid 140) that returned to the surface in annular space 130 can be deposited, for example, in spacer retention basin 150 through flow line 134.
The example treatment fluids described herein can directly or indirectly affect one or more components or parts of equipment associated with the preparation, supply, recapture, recycling, reuse, and / or disposal of the described treatment fluids. For example, the described treatment fluids may directly or indirectly affect one or more mixers, related mixing equipment, mud pits (eg, holding sink 136, holding sink 150), storage facilities or units, separators composition, heat exchangers, sensors, calibrators, pumps, compressors and the like used to generate, store, control, regulate and / or recondition the example treatment fluids. The described treatment fluids can also directly or indirectly affect any supply or transport equipment used to transport treatment fluids to a well site or downhole such as, for example, any transport vessel, conduit, pipeline, trucks, tubular structures and / or pipes used to move compositionally the treatment fluids from one location to another, any pump, compressor or motor (for example, at the top or at the bottom of the well) used to set treatment fluids in motion, any valve or related hinge used to regulate the pressure or flow rate of treatment fluids, and any sensors (i.e. pressure and temperature), gauges and / or combinations of these and the like. The described treatment fluids can also affect, directly or indirectly, the various equipment and tools at the bottom of the well that may come into contact with the treatment fluids such as, without limitation, casing pipes of the well 108), short well casing pipes, termination strings, insertion strings, drill strings, flexible pipes, steel lines, electrical cables, drill pipes, drill chuck, mud motors, downhole pumps and / or motors, cement pumps, surface mounted pumps and / or motors, centralizers, turbolizers, scrapers, floats (eg shoes, collars, valves, etc.), tools logging and related telemetry equipment, actuators (eg, electromechanical devices, hydro-mechanical devices, etc.), slip sleeves, production sleeves, caps, screens, filters, flow control devices (eg, flow inlet control devices, stand-alone flow inlet control devices, flow outlet control devices, etc.), couplings (eg, electrohydraulic wet connection, dry connection, inductive coupler, etc.), control lines (eg electric, fiber optic,
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0001.tif" />
etc.), lines
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0002.tif" />
surveillance, augers
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0003.tif" />
perforation (eg
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0004.tif" />
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0005.tif" />
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0006.tif" />
reamers, sensors sensors
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0007.tif" />
corresponding drive devices
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0008.tif" />
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0009.tif" />
plugs tools
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0010.tif" />
plugs
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0011.tif" />
cement,
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0012.tif" />
obturation
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0013.tif" />
other devices<img file="MX2016005289A_D0014.tif" />components
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0015.tif" />
well isolation and the like.
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0016.tif" />
The modalities of the treatment fluids (eg spacer fluid 140, cement composition 142) may comprise oven powder and water. In some modalities, treatment fluids can be consolidated when left in a well. For example, treatment fluids can set and harden to obtain compressive strength by reacting furnace powder in water. In some embodiments, treatment fluids can foam. For example, foamed treatment fluids can comprise water, oven powder, a foaming agent, and a gas. A foamed treatment fluid can be used, for example, when it is desired that the fluid be light and not exert excessive force on the underground formations 120 penetrated by the well 118. The modalities of the treatment fluids may further comprise fly ash, barite , pumice, a free water control additive, or a combination of these. In accordance with the present embodiments, the treatment fluid may be a spacer fluid 140 that displaces a first fluid (eg, a drilling fluid 126) from well 118. In some embodiments, spacer fluid 140 may have a threshold plastic creep greater than the first fluid. In additional embodiments, the treatment fluid may be a cementitious composition 142 that is used to cement liner pipe 108 into well 118. The embodiment may further comprise the use of a treatment fluid comprising the furnace powder to drill the well 118. For example, the treatment fluid may be circulated through the drill bit 116 to bring the drill cuttings back to the surface.
Treatment fluids in general should have a density suitable for a specific application as desired by those skilled in the art, with the benefit of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, treatment fluids can have a density in the range of about 4 pounds per gallon ("ppg") to about 24 ppg. In other embodiments, the treatment fluids can have a density in the range of from about 4 ppg to about 17 ppg. In even other modalities, the treatment fluids can have a density in the range of about θ ΡΡ9 to about 13 ppg. The modalities of the treatment fluids may be foamed or non-foamed or comprise other means to reduce their densities known in the art, such as light weight additives.
Those of skill in the art, with the benefit of the present disclosure, will recognize the proper density for a particular application.
Kiln dust, as the term used herein, refers to a solid material generated as a by-product of heating certain materials in kilns. The term "baking powder" as used herein is intended to include baking powder made as described herein and equivalent forms of baking powder. Typically, oven powder has cementitious properties in that it can set and harden in the presence of water. Examples of suitable kiln powders include cement kiln powder, lime kiln powder, and combinations thereof. Cement kiln dust can be generated as a by-product of cement production that is removed from the gas stream and collected, for example, in a dust collector. Large amounts of dust are normally collected from the cement kiln in cement production that is commonly discarded as waste. Disposal of cement kiln dust can increase the unwanted costs of cement manufacture, as well as the environmental concerns associated with disposal. Chemical analysis of cement kiln dust from various cement manufacturing processes varies depending on a number of factors, including supply to the particular kiln, the efficiency of the cement production activity, and dust collection systems. associates. The cement kiln powder can generally comprise various oxides, such as S1O2, AI2O3, Fe2Ü3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na2O and K2O. There may also be problems associated with the disposal of lime kiln dust, which can be generated as a by-product of lime calcination. Chemical analysis of lime kiln dust from various lime manufacturers varies depending on a number of factors, including the load of limestone or dolomitic limestone, the type of kiln, the mode of operation of the kiln, the efficiency of the lime production operation and associated dust collection systems. Lime kiln powder can generally comprise varying amounts of free lime and free magnesium, limestone and / or dolomitic limestone, and a variety of oxides, such as SIO2, AI2O3, Fe2Ü3, CaO, MgO, SO3, Na20, and K2O , and other components, such as chlorides.
Furnace powder can be included in treatment fluid modalities as a rheology modifier. Among other things, the use of the oven powder in various modalities can provide treatment fluids having a rheology suitable for a particular application. The desired rheology may be advantageous in providing a treatment fluid that is effective in displacing the drilling fluid, for example, in spacer fluid modalities. In some cases, the oven powder can be used to provide a treatment fluid with a reduced level of thermal dilution. For example, the treatment fluid may even have a plastic creep threshold that increases at elevated temperatures, such as those occurring within the wellbore.
Furnace powder may be included in the spacer fluids in an amount sufficient to provide, for example, the desired rheological properties. The concentration of the oven powder can be selected for higher cost additives, such as Portland cement, which can typically be included in a particular treatment fluid. In some embodiments, the oven powder may be present in a treatment fluid in an amount in the range of from about 1% to about 65% by weight of the treatment fluid (eg, about 1%, about 5%, about 10 %, approximately 15%, approximately 20%, approximately 25%, approximately 30%, approximately 35%, approximately 40%, approximately 45%, approximately 50%, approximately 55%, approximately 60%, approximately%, etc.). In some embodiments, the oven powder may be present in the treatment fluid in an amount within the range of about 5% to about% by weight of the treatment fluid. In some embodiments, the oven powder may be present in an amount within the range of from about 20% to about 35% by weight of the treatment fluid. Alternatively, the amount of kiln dust can be expressed by weight of cementitious components ("bwocc"). As used herein, the phrase "by weight of cementitious components" or "bwocc" refers to the amount of a component, such as kiln powder, relative to the total amount of cementitious components used in the preparation of the treatment fluid.
Cementitious components include those components or combinations of components of the treatment fluid that set or otherwise harden, to develop compressive strength, which includes, for example, cement, kiln powder, hydraulic, fly ash,
<td>hydrated lime and the like.</td><td>By</td><td>example the</td><td>powder</td><td>oven</td>
<td>may be present in</td><td>a</td><td>quantity in</td><td>the</td><td>rank of</td>
<td>about 1% to</td><td> 100</td><td>% bwocc.</td><td>(by</td><td>example,</td>
approximately 5%, approximately 10%, approximately approximately 30%, approximately 40%, approximately 50%, approximately%, approximately 7 0%, approximately 80%, approximately 90%, 100%, etc.). In some embodiments, the oven powder may be present in an amount within the range of about 50% to 100% and, alternatively, about 80% to 100% by weight of bwocc. One skilled in the art with the benefit of the present disclosure should recognize the proper amount of cement kiln powder to include for a selected application.
Water used in one embodiment of the treatment fluids may include, for example, fresh water, salt water (for example, water containing one or more salts dissolved in it), brine (for example, saturated salt water obtained from underground formations ), seawater or any combination of these. Generally, the water can be from any source, as long as the water does not contain an excess of compounds that may undesirably affect other components in the treatment fluid. The water can be included in a sufficient quantity to form a pumped fluid. In some embodiments, water can be included in the treatment fluids in an amount ranging from about 40% to about 200% bwocc. In some embodiments, the water may be included in an amount in a range of from about 40% to about 150% bwocc.
Optionally, the modalities of the treatment fluids may further comprise fly ash. A variety of fly ash may be suitable, including fly ash classified as Class C and Class F fly ash, in accordance with the specifications of the American Petroleum Institute, API Specification for Materials and Testing for Well Cements. and Well Cementation Tests], API Spec 10, Fifth Edition, l.<sup>2</sup> July 1990. Suitable examples of fly ash include, but are not limited to, POZMIX® A cement additive, commercially available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Duncan, Oklahoma. When used, fly ash can generally be included in treatment fluids in an amount desired for a particular application. In some embodiments, fly ash may be present in an amount within a range of from about 1% to about 99% bwocc (for example, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 2 0%, about 30% , approximately 40%, approximately 50%, approximately 60%, approximately 70%, approximately 80%, approximately 90%, approximately 99%, etc.). In some embodiments, the fly ash may be present in an amount within the range of from about 1% to about 20% and, alternatively, from about 1% to about 10% bwocc. One skilled in the art, with the benefit of the present disclosure, will recognize the appropriate amount of fly ash to be included in a selected application.
Optionally, the modalities of the treatment fluids may further comprise barite. In some modalities, the barite may be a tightly sized barite.
Fitted barite generally refers to barite that was separated, sieved, ground, or otherwise resized to produce barite with a desired particle size. For example, the barite size can be adjusted to produce barite having a particle size of less than about 200 microns. When used, barite can generally be included in treatment fluids in an amount desired for a particular application. For example, the barite may be present in an amount within a range of from about 1% to about 99% bwocc (eg, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40 %, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 99%, etc.). In some embodiments, the barite may be present in an amount within the range of from about 1% to about 20% and, alternatively, from about 1% to about 10% bwocc. One skilled in the art, with the benefit of the present disclosure, will recognize the proper amount of barite to be included in a selected application.
Optionally, the modalities of the treatment fluids may further comprise pumice. Generally, pumice is a volcanic rock that can display cementitious properties as it can set and harden in the presence of hydrated lime and water. Hydrated lime can be used together with pumice, in some modalities. When used, pumice can generally be included in treatment fluids in an amount desired for a particular application. For example, the pumice may be present in an amount within a range of from about 1% to about 99% bwocc (for example, about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 20%, about%, about 40 %, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 80%, about 90%, about 99%, etc.). In some embodiments, the pumice stone may be present in an amount within the range of from about 1% to about 20% and, alternatively, from about 1% to% bwocc. One of skill in the art, with the approximate benefit of the present disclosure, will recognize the proper amount of pumice to be included in a selected application.
Optionally, the treatment fluid modalities may further comprise a free water control additive.
As used herein, the term "free water control additive" refers to an additive included in a liquid, inter alia, to reduce (or avoid) the presence of free water in the liquid. Free water control additives can also reduce (or prevent) sedimentation of solids. Examples of suitable free water control additives include, but are not limited to, bentonite, amorphous silica, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and combinations thereof. An example of a suitable free water control additive is SA-1015 ™ Suspending Agent, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Another example of a suitable free water control additive is the WG-17 ™ Solid Additive. , available through Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The free water control additive may be provided as a dry solid in some embodiments. When used, the free water control additive may be present in an amount within the range of about 0.1% to about 16% bwocc, for example. In alternative embodiments, the free water control additive may be present in an amount within a range of from about 0.1% to about 2% bwocc.
In some embodiments, the treatment fluids may further comprise a light weight additive. The light weight additive can be included to reduce the modality density of the treatment fluids. For example, the light weight additive can be used to form a treatment fluid, for example, with a density less than about 13 ppg. Typically, the light weight additive can have a specific gravity less than about 2.0. Examples of suitable light weight additives can include sodium silicate, hollow microspheres, gilsonite, perlite, and combinations thereof. An example of a suitable sodium silicate is the ECONOLITE ™ additive, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
When used, the light weight additive may be present in an amount in the range of about
0.1% to about 20% bwocc, for example. In alternative embodiments, the light weight additive may be present in an amount within a range of from about 1% to about 10% bwocc.
As mentioned above, modalities of treatment fluids can be foamed with a gas, for example, to provide a treatment fluid with a reduced density. It should be understood that reduced densities may be required in displacement modalities, to more closely match the density of a particular drilling fluid, for example, when using light weight drilling fluids. A drilling fluid 126 can be considered light weight if it has a density less than about 13 ppg, alternatively less than about 10 ppg and, alternatively, less than about 9 ppg. In some modalities, treatment fluids can be foamed to have a density within
<td>approximately</td><td> 10</td><td> %</td><td>of the</td><td>density of</td><td>fluid</td><td>of</td>
<td>drilling 126 and</td><td> /</td><td>of</td><td>way</td><td>alternative,</td><td>inside</td><td>of</td>
<td>about 5%</td><td>of</td><td>the</td><td>density</td><td>fluid</td><td colspan="2">drilling</td>
126. While techniques, such as light weight additives, can be used to reduce the density of treatment fluids comprising unfoamed oven powder, these techniques may have disadvantages. For example, reducing the density of the spacer fluid to less than about 13 ppg through the use of light weight additives can produce unstable suspensions, which can have problems with the sedimentation of the solids, the free floating, among others. By treatment, treatment having a stable one can be foamed.
Therefore, in some light weight additives and consequent water, the fluid to provide a reduced density fluid that is more modalities, the treatment fluids can be foamed and comprise water, oven powder, a foaming agent and a gas. Optionally, to provide a treatment fluid with a lower density and a more stable foam, the treatment fluid may further comprise a light weight additive, for example. With the lightweight additive, a base suspension can be prepared, which can then be foamed to provide an even lower density. In some embodiments, the foamed treatment fluid can have a density in the range of from about 4 ppg to about 13 ppg and, alternatively, from about 7 ppg to about 9 ppg. In a particular embodiment, a base suspension can be foamed from a density within the range of about 9 ppg to about 13 ppg at a lower density, for example, within a range of about 7 ppg to about 9 ppg.
The gas used in modalities of the foamed treatment fluids can be any gas suitable for foaming the treatment fluid, including, but not limited to, air, nitrogen, and combinations thereof. Generally, the gas must be present in modalities of the foamed treatment fluids in an amount sufficient to form the desired foam. In certain embodiments, the gas may be present in an amount in the range of about 5% to about 80% by volume of the foamed spacer fluid at atmospheric pressure, alternatively, from about 5% to about 55% in volume and, alternatively, from about 15% to about 3 0% by volume.
When foamed, the modalities of the treatment fluids may comprise a foaming agent to provide a suitable foam. As used herein, the term "foaming agent" refers to a material (eg, surfactant) or combination of materials that facilitates the formation of a foam in a liquid, eg, by reducing surface tension . Any suitable foaming agent can be used to form a foam in an aqueous liquid in modalities of the treatment fluids. Examples of suitable blowing agents may include, but are not limited to: mixtures of an ammonium salt of an alkyl ether sulfate, a cocoamidopropyl betaine surfactant, a cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, sodium chloride, and water; mixtures of an ammonium salt of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, a cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine surfactant, a cocoamidopropyl dimethylamine oxide surfactant, sodium chloride and water; hydrolyzed keratin; mixtures of an ethoxylated alcohol ether sulfate surfactant, an alkyl or alkene amidopropyl betaine surfactant, and an alkyl or alkene dimethylamine oxide surfactant; aqueous solutions of an alpha-olefinic sulfonate surfactant and a betaine surfactant; and combinations of these. An example of a suitable foaming agent is FOAMER ™ 760 foaming / stabilizer available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Generally, the foaming agent may be present in modalities of the foamed treatment fluids in an amount sufficient to provide a suitable foam. In some embodiments, the foaming agent may be present in an amount within the range of about 0.8% to about 5% by volume of water ("bvow").
A wide variety of additional additives may be included in the treatment fluids, as deemed appropriate by one of skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure. Examples of such additives include, but are not limited to: additional cementitious materials, densifying agents, viscosifying agents (eg, clays, hydratable polymers, guar gum), fluid loss control additives, circulation loss materials, additives Filtration control, dispersants, defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, formation conditioning agents, and water-wetting surfactants. Surfactants that are moistened with water can be used to help extract oil from well surfaces (for example, casing) to enhance cement and strengthen adhesion of spacer fluids. Examples of suitable densifying agents include, for example, materials with a specific gravity of 3 or greater, such as barite. Specific examples of these and other additives include: organic polymers, biopolymers, latex, ground rubber, surfactants, crystalline silica, amorphous silica, silica flour, fumed silica, nanoclays (for example, clays with a dimension less than 100 nm), salts, fibers, hydratable clays, microspheres , rice husk ash, microfine cement (for example, cement with an average particle size of about 5 microns to about 10 microns), metakaolin, zeolite, shale, Portland cement, Portland cement ground in conjunction with pumice, perlite, barite, slag, lime (eg, hydrated lime), gypsum and any combination thereof, and the like. In some embodiments, a complementary cementitious material may be included in the treatment fluid in addition to or in place of all or part of the kiln powder. Examples of suitable complementary cementitious materials include, but are not limited to, Portland cement, Portland cement ground together with pumice, microfine cement, fly ash, slag, pumice, gypsum, and any combination thereof. One skilled in the art with the benefit of the present disclosure will be able to easily determine the type and amount of additives useful for a particular application and desired result. It should be understood that while the present disclosure describes a number of optional additives that can be included in treatment fluids, they are intended to cover all combinations of the described additives.
As mentioned above, the modalities of the treatment fluids (for example, cement composition 142, spacer fluid 140, etc.) can be consolidated, in the sense that the treatment fluids can develop a gel resistance and / or compressive strength in well 118. Consolidation is defined herein as one of three types of material behavior: Type 1 consolidation can be identified as a gelled fluid that can move and / or pump when hydraulic shear stress exceeds the plastic yield threshold (YP, of the gel. Type 2 consolidation can be identified as a plastic semi-solid that can experience "plastic deformation" if the shear stress, compressive strength, or tensile force exceeds the "plastic yield limit." Type 3 consolidation can be identified as a rigid solid similar to normal setting cement. During a constant creep rate during conventional compression assessment, either constrained or unconstrained, a Type 3 consolidated material would exhibit a linear elastic Hooke strain-strain behavior, followed by some mechanical failure and / or elastic limit with plastic deformation. The treatment fluid can be transformed from the pumped fluid that was placed during the normal displacement operation into a Type 1 and / or further evolve to Type 2 and / or further evolve to Type 3. The consolidation of the treatment fluid should be understood to be it is under well conditions and, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, well conditions may vary. However, the treatment fluid modalities can be characterized by presenting a Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3 consolidation under specific well conditions.
Specific examples of how to characterize a Type 1 consolidation include measuring the yield strength. Type 1 consolidation has a YP of about 25 pascals to about 250 pascals, where YP is measured by one of the methods described in US Patent No.<sup>2</sup> 6,874,353, namely: by using a series of parallel vertical blades on a rotor shaft, termed by those skilled in the art "Vane method"; or by using the new device and method also described in US Patent No.<sup>2</sup> 6,874,353. Another method used to define the YP of Type 1 consolidation is defined in Morgan, RG, Suter, DA and Sweat, VA, Mathematical Analysis of a Simple Back Extrusion Rheometer, ASAE Paper No. 79-6001. In addition, other methods commonly known to those of skill in the art can be used to define the YP of Type 1 consolidated treatment fluid. Alternatively, another method of characterizing a Type 1 consolidation includes measuring the material's gel strength, which can be defined as “static gel strength” (SGS), as defined and measured by in accordance with the API Recommended Practice in Determining the Static Gel Strength of Cement Formations, ANSI / API 10B-6 Recommended Practice. Type 1 consolidation can present SGS values of around 70 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup> up to about 500 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>.
Specific examples of how to characterize a Type 2 consolidation include measuring the plastic yield stress in compression (YL-C). YL-C refers to the uniaxial compression resistance at which the material undergoes permanent deformation. Permanent deformation refers to a measurable strain stress that does not return to zero over a period of time that is in the same order of magnitude as the total time required to perform the measurement. YL-C can be in the range of 1 psi (lbf / sq. In.) To 2000 psi, where the most common values are in the range of 5 psi to 500 psi.
Specific examples of how to characterize a Type 3 consolidation include measuring compressive strength. The Type 3 consolidation will exhibit unrestricted uniaxial compressive strengths within the range of about 5 psi to about 10,000 psi, while the most common values are within the range of about 10 psi to about 2,500 psi. These values are reached in 7 days or less. Some formulations can be designed to provide significant compressive strengths within 24 hours to 48 hours. The typical sizes and geometry of the samples for measurement are similar, but not limited, to those used to characterize oil well cements: 2-inch cubes or 2-inch diameter and 4-inch long cylinders; or 1-inch diameter and 2-inch long cylinders and other methods known to those of skill in the art for measuring the "mechanical properties" of oil well cements. For example, the compressive strength can be determined by crushing the samples on a compression testing machine. Compressive strength is calculated from a breaking load divided by the load-bearing cross-sectional area and is expressed in units of force in pounds per square inch (psi). Compressive strengths can be determined in accordance with API RP 10B-2, Recommended Practice for Analyzing Well Cements, First Edition, July 2005.
A specific example of a consolidation, when left in an annular space 130 (for example, between the walls of the well 118 and the casing 108 or between the casing 108 and a larger conduit placed in the well 118), the treatment fluid can be consolidated to develop static gel strength and / or compressive strength. The consolidated mass formed in the annular space 130 can support and position the casing 108 in the well 118 and adhere the outer surface of the casing 108 to the walls of the well 118 or to the larger conduit. The consolidated mass formed in the annular space 130 can also provide a substantially impermeable barrier to seal the formation fluids and gases and, therefore, can also serve to mitigate possible fluid migration. The consolidated mass formed in the annular space 130 can also protect the casing 108 or other conduit from erosion.
In some embodiments, the consolidation of the treatment fluid (eg, spacer fluid 140 or cement composition 142) in well 118 may be measured. The consolidation measurement may also include a measurement of the integrity of the adhesion formed between the fluid treatment line and the outer wall of the casing 108 and / or between the consolidated fluid and the walls of the well 118 or largest conduit placed in the well 118. In some embodiments, the data for the integrity of this adherence can be collected, and the data can be recorded in a registry, commonly referred to as the "adherence registry." The adherence log can be used, for example, to analyze the consolidation properties of the treatment fluid in well 118. Accordingly, modalities may include performing a cement adhesion record in at least a portion of well 118 containing the consolidated treatment fluid. The cement adhesion record for the consolidated treatment fluid can be obtained by any method used to measure the integrity of the cement in a non-exhaustive way. In some embodiments, a tool can be inserted into well 118 with a cable that can detect adhesion of the consolidated treatment fluid to casing 108 and / or the walls of well 118 (or larger conduit). An example of a suitable tool includes a sonic tool.
The modalities of the treatment fluids (eg, spacer fluid 140) may have a transition time that is less than the transition time of another fluid (eg, cement composition 142) subsequently introduced into well 118. The term “transition time”, as used herein, refers to the time it takes for a fluid to advance from a static gel resistance of approximately 100 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup> at approximately 500 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>. By having a shorter transition time, the treatment fluid can reduce, or even prevent, gas migration to well 118, even though the gas migrates through a subsequently introduced cement composition 124, before there is developed enough gel strength to prevent such migration. Gas and liquid migration can typically be avoided at a static gel strength of 500 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>. By reducing the amount of gas that can migrate through well 118, the subsequently added cement composition 142 can advance through its slowest transition period without gas migration being a significant factor, as the cement develops static gel resistance. Some modalities of treatment fluids may have a transition time (i.e., the time to advance from a static gel resistance of approximately 100 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup> at approximately 500 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>) in well conditions of approximately 45 minutes or less, approximately 30 minutes or less, approximately 20 minutes or less, or approximately 10 minutes or less. Treatment fluid modalities also rapidly develop static gel resistances of approximately 100 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup> and approximately 500 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>, respectively, in well conditions. The time for a fluid to develop a static gel resistance of approximately 100 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup> Also called "zero gel time." For example, treatment fluids may have a zero gel time under well conditions of about 8 hours or less and, alternatively, about 4 hours or less. In some embodiments, the treatment fluids can have a zero gel time within a range of from about 0 minutes to about 4 hours or more. As a further example, treatment fluids can develop static gel resistances of approximately 500 lbf / 100 ft<sup>2</sup> or more under well conditions in a time of about 10 minutes to about 8 hours or more. The preceding time for the development of static gel resistors is listed under well conditions. Those skilled in the art will understand that particular well conditions (eg, temperature, pressure, depth, etc.) will vary; however, treatment fluid modalities should meet these specific requirements in well conditions. Static gel strength can be measured in accordance with API Recommended Practice in Determining the Static Gel Strength of Cement Formations, ANSI / API 10B-6 Recommended Practice.
The modalities of the treatment fluids can be prepared according to any suitable technique. In some embodiments, the desired amount of water can be introduced into a mixer (eg, a cement mixer), followed by dry mixing. The dry mix may comprise oven powder and additional solid additives, for example. Additional liquid additives, if any, can be added to the water as desired, before or after combining with the dry mix. This mixture can be stirred for a sufficient period of time to form a base suspension. This base suspension can then be introduced into the well 118 by means of pumps (for example, cementation unit 144), for example. In foamed modalities, the base suspension can be pumped into well 118, and a foaming agent can be added to the base suspension, followed by an injection of a gas, for example, into a foam mix "T", in an amount sufficient to foam the base suspension, whereby a foamed treatment fluid is formed, in accordance with certain embodiments. After foaming, the foamed treatment fluid can be introduced into well 118. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, for the benefit of this disclosure, other suitable techniques can be used to prepare treatment fluids in accordance with the present invention.
In some embodiments, methods may include improving the rheological properties of a treatment fluid (eg, spacer fluid 140, cement composition 142, etc.). The method may comprise including oven powder in a treatment fluid. Optional additives may be included as previously described in the treatment fluid. Furnace powder may be included in the treatment fluid in an amount sufficient to provide a higher plastic creep threshold than a first fluid. The higher plastic creep threshold might be desirable, for example, to effectively displace the first fluid from the well. As used herein, the term "plastic creep threshold" refers to the resistance of a fluid to the initial flow, or represents the resistance necessary to initiate fluid movement. In one embodiment, the plastic creep threshold of the treatment fluid at a temperature of up to about 180<sup>to</sup>F is greater than about 5lb / 100ft<sup>2</sup>. In one embodiment, the plastic creep threshold of the treatment fluid at a temperature of up to about 180<sup>2</sup>F is greater than about 10lb / 100ft<sup>2</sup>. In one embodiment, the plastic creep threshold of the treatment fluid at a temperature of up to about 180<sup>2</sup>F is greater than about 20lb / 100ft<sup>2</sup>. It may be desirable that the treatment fluid is not thermally diluted to a plastic creep threshold below the first fluid at elevated temperatures. Accordingly, the treatment fluid may have a higher plastic creep threshold than the first fluid at elevated temperatures, such as 18 0<sup>to</sup>F or static downhole temperature ("BHST"). In one embodiment, the treatment fluid may have a plastic creep threshold that increases at elevated temperatures. For example, the treatment fluid may have a plastic creep threshold that is greater than 180<sup>to</sup>F than 80 <sup>to</sup>F. As an additional example. The treatment fluid may have a plastic creep threshold that is greater than BHST than 80<sup>to</sup>F.
In some embodiments, the treatment fluids can be used in moving a drilling fluid 126 from a well 118. The drilling fluid 126 can include, for example, any amount of fluids, such as suspensions, mixtures, and emulsions of solid. In some embodiments, drilling fluid 126 may comprise an oil-based drilling fluid. An example of an oil based drilling fluid comprises a reverse emulsion. In some embodiments, the oil-based drilling fluid can comprise an oil-bearing fluid. Examples of oil-bearing fluids that can be included in oil-based drilling fluids include, but are not limited to, α-olefins, internal fines, alkanes, liquefied, fuel oil, mineral oils, aromatic solvents, cycloalkanes, petroleum gas, kerosene, diesel, paraffin oils, low toxicity, synthetic (from crude oil, mineral oils, olefins, esters, for example, diesel, amide oils, polyolefins), polydiorganosiloxanes, siloxanes, organoxanes, ethers, acetals, dialkylcarbonates, hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof.
To facilitate a better invention, an understanding of the following certain aspects of some embodiments is provided.
this example of
The following should not be construed in any way to limit or define the scope of the following, which provide examples of invention by weight percentage. In the examples the concentrations are of the total composition.
EXAMPLE 1
Sample treatment fluids were prepared to evaluate the rheological properties of spacer fluids containing furnace powder. In this example, cement kiln powder was used. Sample treatment fluids were prepared in the following manner. First, all dry components (eg, oven dust, fly ash, bentonite, free water control additive, etc.) were weighed into a glass container with a clean lid and manually stirred until mixed. Tap water was then weighed into a Waring mixing jug. The dry components were mixed in water with stirring at 4,000 rpm. The mixer speed was increased to 12,000 rpm for about 35 seconds.
The sample spacer fluid η.<sup>2</sup> 1 was an 11 pound per gallon suspension comprising 60.62% water, 34.17% cement kiln dust, 4.63% fly ash and 0.58% free water control additive (additive solid WG-17 ").
Sample spacer fluid n.<sup>2</sup> 2 was an 11 pound per gallon suspension comprising 60.79% water, 30.42% cement kiln powder, 4.13% fly ash, 0.17% free water control additive (additive WG-17 ™ solid), 3.45% bentonite and 1.04% Econolite ™ additive.
The rheological values were then determined using a Fann model 35 viscometer. The indicator readings were recorded at rates of 3, 6, 100, 200 and 300 with a cylinder Bl, rotor Rl and spring 1.0. Indicator readings, plastic viscosity, and plastic yield thresholds for the spacer fluids were measured according to the recommended practices of API 10B, Bingham Plastic Model, and are provided in the table below. The abbreviation "PV" refers to plastic viscosity, while the abbreviation "YP" refers to the plastic yield threshold.
TABLE 1
<td rowspan="2">Sample fluid</td><td rowspan="2">Temp. (° F)</td><td colspan="5">Viscometer RPM</td><td rowspan="2">PV (CP)</td><td rowspan="2">YP (Ib / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>></td>
<td> 300</td><td> 200</td><td> 100</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 1</td><td> 80</td><td> 145</td><td> 127</td><td> 90</td><td> 24</td><td> 14</td><td> 113,3</td><td> 27,4</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 168</td><td> 143</td><td> 105</td><td> 26</td><td> 15</td><td> 154,5</td><td> 30,3</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 2</td><td> 80</td><td> 65</td><td> 53</td><td> 43</td><td> 27</td><td> 22</td><td> 41,1</td><td> 26,9</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 70</td><td> 61</td><td> 55</td><td> 22</td><td> 18</td><td> 51,6</td><td> 25,8</td>
The thickening time of sample fluid # 1 is
<img file="MX2016005289A_D0017.tif" />
also determined in accordance with API 10B Recommended Practice at 205 ° F. Sample Fluid # 1 had a thickening time of more than 6: 00+ hours.
Accordingly, the above example illustrates that the addition of cement kiln powder to a treatment fluid can provide properties suitable for use in underground applications. In particular, the above example illustrates, among others, that cement kiln powder can be used to provide a treatment fluid that may not exhibit thermal dilution with the treatment fluid, even with a plastic creep threshold that increases with temperature. . For example, Sample Fluid # 2 had a plastic creep threshold greater than 180 ° F than at 80 ° F. Additionally, the Plastic Creep Threshold for Sample Fluid # 1 had only a slight decrease to 180 ° F compared to 80 ° F. Furthermore, the example further illustrates that the addition of cement kiln powder to a treatment fluid can provide a plastic viscosity that increases with temperature.
EXAMPLE 2
Additional sample treatment fluids were prepared to further evaluate the rheological properties of the oven powder containing spacer fluids. Cement kiln powder was used in this example. Sample treatment fluids were prepared in the following manner. First, all dry components (eg, cement kiln powder, fly ash) were weighed into a glass container that had a clean lid and manually stirred until mixed. Tap water was then weighed into a Waring mixing jug. The dry components were mixed in water with stirring at 4000 rpm. The mixer speed was increased to 12,000 rpm for about 35 seconds.
Sample fluid n.<sup>s</sup> 3 was a 12.5 pound per gallon fluid comprising 47.29% water and 52.71% cement kiln powder.
Sample fluid n.<sup>to</sup> 4 was a 12.5 pound per gallon fluid comprising 46.47% water, 40.15% cement kiln dust and 13.38% fly ash.
Sample fluid n.<sup>2</sup> 5 was a 12.5 pound per gallon fluid comprising 45.62% water, 27.19% cement kiln powder and 27.19% fly ash.
Sample fluid n.<sup>to</sup> 6 was a 12.5 pound per gallon fluid comprising 44.75% water, 13.81% cement kiln dust and 41.44% fly ash.
Sample fluid n.<sup>to</sup> 7 (comparative) was a fluid of
12.5 pounds per gallon comprising 43.85% water and 56.15% fly ash.
Rheological values were then determined using a Fann model 35 viscometer. Indicator readings were recorded at rates of 3, 6, 30, 60, 100, 200, 300, and 600 with a Bl cylinder, Rl rotor, and spring 1.0. Indicator readings, plastic viscosity, and plastic yield thresholds for the spacer fluids were measured according to the recommended practices of API 10B, Bingham Plastic Model, and are provided in the table below. The abbreviation "PV" refers to plastic viscosity, while the abbreviation "YP" refers to the plastic yield threshold.
TABLE 2
<td rowspan="2">Sample fluid</td><td rowspan="2">Ratio of cement kiln dust to fly ash</td><td rowspan="2">Temp. (OR <sub>F</sub>)</td><td colspan="8">Viscometer RPM</td><td rowspan="2">PV (CP)</td><td rowspan="2">AND P (Ib / 100 ft<sup>2)</sup></td>
<td> 600</td><td> 300</td><td> 200</td><td> 100</td><td> 60</td><td> 30</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="3"> 3</td><td rowspan="3"> 100:0</td><td> 80</td><td> 33</td><td> 23</td><td> 20</td><td> 15</td><td> 13</td><td> 12</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 12</td><td> 11</td>
<td> 130</td><td> 39</td><td> 31</td><td> 27</td><td> 23</td><td> 22</td><td> 19</td><td> 16</td><td> 11</td><td> 12</td><td> 19</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 66</td><td> 58</td><td> 51</td><td> 47</td><td> 40</td><td> 38</td><td> 21</td><td> 18</td><td> 16,5</td><td> 41,5</td>
<td rowspan="3"> 4</td><td rowspan="3"> 75:25</td><td> 80</td><td> 28</td><td> 22</td><td> 19</td><td> 15</td><td> 14</td><td> 11</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 10,5</td><td> 11,5</td>
<td> 130</td><td> 39</td><td> 28</td><td> 25</td><td> 21</td><td> 19</td><td> 16</td><td> 14</td><td> 11</td><td> 10,5</td><td> 17,5</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 51</td><td> 39</td><td> 36</td><td> 35</td><td> 31</td><td> 26</td><td> 16</td><td> 11</td><td> 6</td><td> 33</td>
<td rowspan="3"> 5</td><td rowspan="3"> 50:50</td><td> 80</td><td> 20</td><td> 11</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 7,5</td><td> 3,5</td>
<td> 130</td><td> 21</td><td> 15</td><td> 13</td><td> 10</td><td> 9</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 7,5</td><td> 7,5</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 25</td><td> 20</td><td> 17</td><td> 14</td><td> 13</td><td> 12</td><td> 7</td><td> 5</td><td> 9</td><td> 11</td>
<td rowspan="3"> 6</td><td rowspan="3"> 25:75</td><td> 80</td><td> 16</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 7,5</td><td> 0,5</td>
<td> 130</td><td> 15</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 6</td><td> 2</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 15</td><td> 9</td><td> 7</td><td> 5</td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="3">7 (Comp.)</td><td rowspan="3"> 0:100</td><td> 80</td><td> 16</td><td> 7</td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 6</td><td> 1</td>
<td> 130</td><td> 11</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 4,5</td><td> -0,5</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 8</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 4,5</td><td> -1,5</td>
Accordingly, the above example illustrates that the addition of cement kiln powder to a treatment fluid can provide properties suitable for use in underground applications. In particular, the above example illustrates, among others, that cement kiln powder can be used to provide a treatment fluid that may not exhibit thermal dilution with the treatment fluid, even with a plastic creep threshold that increases with temperature. . Furthermore, as illustrated in Table 2 above, higher plastic creep thresholds were observed for treatment fluids with higher concentrations of the cement kiln powder.
EXAMPLE 3
A sample treatment fluid containing oven powder was prepared to compare the rheological properties of a treatment powder containing oven powder with an oil-based drilling fluid. In this example, cement kiln powder was used. The sample fluid was prepared in the following manner. First, all dry components (eg, cement kiln powder, fly ash, etc.) were weighed into a glass container that had a clean lid and manually stirred until mixed. Tap water was then weighed into a Waring mixing jug. The dry components were mixed in water with stirring at 4,000 rpm. The mixer speed was increased to 12,000 rpm for about 35 seconds.
Sample fluid n.<sup>2</sup> 8 was an 11 pound per gallon suspension comprising 60.79% water, 30.42% cement kiln powder, 4.13% fly ash, 0.17% free water control additive (additive solid WG-17 "), bentonite 3.45% and Econolite ™ additive 1.04%.
The oil-based drilling fluid was a 9.1-pound-per-gallon oil-base mud.
The rheological values were then determined using a Fann model 35 viscometer. The indicator readings were recorded at rates of 3, 6, 100, 200 and 300 with a cylinder Bl, rotor Rl and spring 1.0. Indicator readings, plastic viscosity, and plastic yield thresholds for spacer fluid and drilling fluid were measured in accordance with API 10B Recommended Practice, Bingham Plastic Model and are provided in the table below. The abbreviation "PV" refers to plastic viscosity, while the abbreviation "YP" refers to the plastic yield threshold.
The abbreviation OBM refers to oil-based mud.
TABLE 3
<td rowspan="2">Sample fluid</td><td rowspan="2">Temp. (or <sub>F)</sub></td><td colspan="5">Viscometer RPM</td><td rowspan="2">PV (CP)</td><td rowspan="2">YP (Ib / 100 ft<sup>2</sup>></td>
<td> 300</td><td> 200</td><td> 100</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 8</td><td> 80</td><td> 59</td><td> 50</td><td> 39</td><td> 22</td><td> 15</td><td> 42</td><td> 21,2</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 82</td><td> 54</td><td> 48</td><td> 16</td><td> 13</td><td> 65,3</td><td> 17</td>
<td rowspan="2">OBM</td><td> 80</td><td> 83</td><td> 64</td><td> 41</td><td> 11</td><td> 10</td><td> 74,6</td><td> 12,1</td>
<td> 180</td><td> 46</td><td> 35</td><td> 23</td><td> 10</td><td> 10</td><td> 36,7</td><td> 10,5</td>
Accordingly, the above example illustrates that the addition of cement kiln powder to a treatment fluid can provide properties suitable for use in underground applications. In particular, the above example illustrates, among others, that cement kiln powder can be used to provide a treatment fluid with a plastic creep threshold that is greater than that of a drilling fluid even at elevated temperatures. For example, sample fluid n.<sup>to</sup> 8 has a 180 ° F plastic creep threshold greater than oil-based mud.
EXAMPLE 4
A foamed treatment fluid (Sample Fluid 9) was prepared comprising cement kiln powder. First, a base suspension was prepared that had a density of 10 ppg and comprised cement kiln powder, a free water control additive (0.7 wt% cement kiln powder), a light weight additive (4% by weight of cement kiln powder) and fresh water (32.16 gallons per 94 pound bag of cement kiln powder). The free water control additive was a SA-1015 ™ suspension aid. The light weight additive was an ECONOLITE ™ additive. A foaming agent (FOAMER ™ 760 Stabilizer / Foaming Agent) was then added in an amount of 2% bvow, and the base suspension was then mixed in a foam mixing jar for 4 seconds at 12,000 rpm. The resulting foamed treatment fluid had a density of 8.4 ppg. The "sag" of the resulting foamed treatment fluid was then measured using a free fluid test procedure as specified in API 10B Recommended Practice. However, instead of measuring the free fluid, the amount of "sag" was measured after the foamed treatment fluid remained static for a period of 2 hours. The foamed treatment fluid was initially at 200 ° and cooled to room temperature over a period of 2 hours. The sag measured for this foamed treatment fluid was 5 millimeters.
EXAMPLE 5
Another foamed treatment fluid (Sample Fluid 10) was prepared that included cement kiln powder. First, a base suspension was prepared having a density of
10.5 ppg and comprised cement kiln powder, a free water control additive (0.6% by weight of cement kiln powder), a light weight additive (4% by weight of cement kiln powder ) and fresh water (23.7 gallons per 94 pound bag of cement kiln powder). The free water control additive was a SA-1015 ™ suspension aid. The light weight additive was an ECONOLITE ™ additive. A foaming agent (a mixed cocobetaine / hexylene glycol surfactant) was then added in an amount of 2% bvow, and the base suspension was then mixed in a foam mix jar for 6 seconds at 12,000 rpm. The resulting foamed treatment fluid had a density of 8,304 ppg. The resulting foamed treatment fluid had a sink of 0 millimeters, measured in the manner described in Example 4 above.
EXAMPLE 6
The following series of tests were conducted to determine the compressive strength of the sample treatment fluids after consolidation. Twenty-two samples, marked as test fluids 11-32 in the table below, were prepared at a density of 12.5 ppg by using various concentrations of additives. The amount of these additives in each sample fluid is indicated in the table below with "% by weight", which indicates the amount of the particular component by weight of additive 1 + additive 2. The abbreviation "gal / sk" in the Table below indicates gallons of particular component per 94 gallon bag of Additive 1 and Additive 2.
The used cement kiln powder was provided by
Holcim (USA) of
Ada, Oklahorna.
provided by
Texas Industries,
Inc., of Midlothian,
Texas. The pumice stone used was a lightweight DS-200 or DS-300 aggregate available through Hess Pumice
Products, Inc. The silica powder used was the SSA-1 ™ cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The coarse silica powder used was the SSA-2 coarse silica powder<sup>TM</sup>, from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The metakaolin used was the MetaMax® metacaolin from BASF. The amorphous silica used was the SILICALITE ™ cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The perlite used was supplied by Hess Pumice Products, Inc. The slag used was supplied by LaFarge North America. The pumice-filled Portland cement was FineCem ™ cement from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The fly ash used was the POZMIX® cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The microfine cement used was MICRO MATRIX® cement having an average particle size of 7.5 microns from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Rice husk used was supplied by Rice Hull Specialty Products, Stuttgart, Arkansas. The biopolymer used was provided by CP Kelco, San Diego, California. The barite used was provided by Baroid Industrial Drilling Products. The latex used was the Latex 3000 ™ cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The ground rubber used was the LIFECEM ™ 100 cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The nanoclay used was supplied by Nanocor Inc. The setting retarder Used was the SCR-100 ™ Cement Retarder from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The SCR-100 ™ Cure Retarder is a copolymer of acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid.
After preparation, the sample fluids were allowed to cure for seven days in a 2 by 4 metal cylinder which was placed in a 180 ° F water bath to form forged cylinders. Immediately after removal from the water bath, destructive compressive strengths were determined using a mechanical press in accordance with API RP 10B-2. The results of these tests are listed below. The term "cement kiln powder" is abbreviated "CKD" in the table below.
TABLE 4
<td rowspan="2">Fluid of xnuest ra</td><td rowspan="2">Gal / sk water</td><td colspan="2">Additive n.2 1</td><td colspan="2">Additive n.<sup>s</sup> 2</td><td colspan="2">Additive n.<sup>to</sup> 3</td><td rowspan="2">wt% of the cement setting retarder</td><td rowspan="2">Comp. 7 days PSI resistance</td>
<td>Kind</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>Kind</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>Kind</td><td>% in weigh</td>
<td> 11</td><td> 5,72</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Shale</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 0</td><td> 510</td>
<td> 12</td><td> 4,91</td><td>Piedr a pumice DS200</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 646</td>
<td> 13</td><td> 5,88</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Silica flour</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 0</td><td> 288</td>
<td> 14</td><td> 6,05</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Metacaol in</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 0</td><td> 104</td>
<td> 15</td><td> 5,71</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Amorphous silica</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 251</td>
<td> 16</td><td> 5,13</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Perlite</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 0</td><td> 1031</td>
<td> 17</td><td> 5,4</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 0</td><td> 58</td>
<td> 18</td><td> 5,49</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Pumice DS-200</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 0</td><td> 624</td>
<td> 19</td><td> 6,23</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Human waste</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 0</td><td> 587</td>
<td> 20</td><td> 5,88</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Coarse silica flour</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 0</td><td> 1018</td>
<td> 21</td><td> 6,04</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Portland cement ground together with pumice</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 1655</td>
<td> 22</td><td> 5,63</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Fly ash</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 0</td><td> 870</td>
<td> 23</td><td> 5,49</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Pumice DS-325</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 0</td><td> 680</td>
<td> 24</td><td> 5,03</td><td>Ash to volát il</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 170</td>
<td> 25</td><td> 5,65</td><td>Human waste</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 395</td>
<td> 26</td><td> 6,36</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Microfin cement or</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 2</td><td> 788</td>
<td> 27</td><td> 6,08</td><td>CKD</td><td> 80</td><td>Rice husk ash</td><td> 20</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 203</td>
<td> 28</td><td> 5,42</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Biopolymer</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 265</td>
<td> 29</td><td> 7,34</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Baryta</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 0</td><td> 21</td>
<td> 30</td><td> 4,02</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td>Latex</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 164,6</td>
<td> 31</td><td> 2,71</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Cauch 0 ground</td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td><td> 167,6</td>
<td> 32</td><td> 6,15</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td>Nanoa rcill a</td><td> 2</td><td> 0</td><td> 102,5</td>
Accordingly, the above example illustrates that a treatment fluid comprising oven powder may be capable of consolidation. For example, 7-day compressive strengths of 1000 psi or even higher were observed for certain test suspensions.
EXAMPLE 7
The following series of tests was carried out to evaluate the thickening times of the test treatment fluids. For this example, the thickening times for sample fluids 11-32 from Example 6 were determined. As indicated below, the compositions for sample fluids 11-32 were the same as those in Example 6, except that the Concentration of the cement setting retarder was adjusted for certain samples. The thickening time, which is the time required for the compositions to reach 70 Bearden units of consistency, was determined for each fluid at 230 ° F in accordance with API RP 10B-2. The results of these tests are listed below. The term "cement kiln powder" is abbreviated "CKD" in the table below.
TABLE 5
<td rowspan="2">Fluid of other tra</td><td rowspan="2">Gal / sk water</td><td colspan="2">Additive n.<sup>s</sup> 1</td><td colspan="2">Additive n.<sup>s</sup> 2</td><td colspan="2">Additive n.<sup>s</sup> 3</td><td rowspan="2">wt% of retarding or setting of cement</td><td rowspan="2">Thickening time hr: min</td>
<td>Kind</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>Kind</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>Tip or</td><td>% in weigh</td>
<td> 11</td><td> 5,72</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Shale</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 11:04</td>
<td> 12</td><td> 4,91</td><td>Piedr a pumice DS200</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 0:30</td>
<td> 13</td><td> 5,88</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Silica flour</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 3:31</td>
<td> 14</td><td> 6,05</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Metacaol in</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 3:13</td>
<td> 15</td><td> 5,71</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Amorphous silica</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 2:15</td>
<td> 16</td><td> 5,13</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Perlite</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 7:30</td>
<td> 17</td><td> 5,4</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 2:42</td>
<td> 18</td><td> 5,49</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Pumice DS-200</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 10:00</td>
<td> 19</td><td> 6,23</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Human waste</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 8:08</td>
<td> 20</td><td> 5,88</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Coarse silica flour</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td>20 hr +</td>
<td> 21</td><td> 6,04</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Portland cement ground together with pumice</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 5:58</td>
<td> 22</td><td> 5,63</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Fly ash</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td>12 hr +</td>
<td> 23</td><td> 5,49</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Pumice DS-325</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 7:30</td>
<td> 24</td><td> 5,03</td><td>Ash to volát il</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 3:32</td>
<td> 25</td><td> 5,65</td><td>Human waste</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td> 1</td><td> 4:05</td>
<td> 26</td><td> 6,36</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Microfin cement or</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 2</td><td> 1:30</td>
<td> 27</td><td> 6,08</td><td>CKD</td><td> 80</td><td>Rice husk ash</td><td> 20</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td>30 hr +</td>
<td> 28</td><td> 5,42</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Biopolymer</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td> 1:35</td>
<td> 29</td><td> 7,34</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Baryta</td><td> 50</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td> 1</td><td>18 hr +</td>
<td> 30</td><td> 4,02</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td>Latex</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 1:10</td>
<td> 31</td><td> 2,71</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Ground rubber</td><td> 10</td><td> 1</td><td>20 hr +</td>
<td> 32</td><td> 6,15</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> --</td><td> --</td><td>Nanoarci lia</td><td> 2</td><td> 0</td><td> 54:00</td>
Therefore, the example above illustrates that a setting spacer fluid can have acceptable thickening times for certain applications.
EXAMPLE 8
The following series of tests was carried out to evaluate the rheological properties of the sample fluids. For this example, the rheological properties for sample fluids 11-32 were determined. Rheological values were determined using a Fann model 35 viscometer.
Indicator readings were recorded at speeds of 3, 6, 30, 60, 100, 200, 300, and 600 with a Bl cylinder, a rotor
Rl and a spring 1.0. An additional sample was used for this specific test. It is sample fluid 33 and comprises barite and 0.5% of a suspending agent by weight of barite. The suspending agent was SA ™ -1015, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The water was included in an amount sufficient to provide a density of 12.5 ppg. The rheological properties of sample 33 were measured twice at two different temperatures and the temperature values were averaged to present the data shown below. The temperature was measured in degrees Fahrenheit. The results of these tests are listed below.
TABLE 6
<td rowspan="2">Fluid of other tra</td><td>Additive n.<sup>to</sup> 1</td><td></td><td>Additive n. * 2</td><td></td><td>Ad it iv o to. e 3</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">Fear P ·</td><td colspan="8">BPM RPM</td>
<td>Kind</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>Kind</td><td>% in pe SW</td><td>You PO</td><td>% in weigh</td><td> 300</td><td> 200</td><td> 100</td><td> 60</td><td> 30</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td> 60 0</td>
<td> 11</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Schist</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 80</td><td> 29</td><td> 21</td><td> 14</td><td> 11</td><td> 9</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 39</td>
<td> 12</td><td>Pied ra póme z DS200</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 80</td><td> 24</td><td> 17</td><td> 9</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 48</td>
<td> 13</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Hari na de sili ce</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 80</td><td> 16</td><td> 12</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 24</td>
<td> 14</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Meta caol in</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 80</td><td> 36</td><td> 28</td><td> 19</td><td> 15</td><td> 12</td><td> 9</td><td> 8</td><td> 64</td>
<td> 15</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Síli ce amor fa</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> __</td><td> 80</td><td> 31</td><td> 24</td><td> 18</td><td> 14</td><td> 12</td><td> 10</td><td> 9</td><td> 49</td>
<td> 16</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Perl ita</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 80</td><td> 40</td><td> 34</td><td> 27</td><td> 23</td><td> 20</td><td> 15</td><td> 9</td><td> 61</td>
<td> 17</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 46</td><td> 41</td><td> 34</td><td> 30</td><td> 27</td><td> 16</td><td> 11</td><td> 65</td>
<td> 18</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Pumice DS-200</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 23</td><td> 19</td><td> 14</td><td> 11</td><td> 9</td><td> 7</td><td> 6</td><td> 40</td>
<td> 19</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Human waste</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 23</td><td> 20</td><td> 14</td><td> 11</td><td> 9</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 41</td>
<td> 20</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Coarse silica flour</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 27</td><td> 19</td><td> 12</td><td> 9</td><td> 7</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 64</td>
<td> 21</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Portland cement ground together with pumice</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 15</td><td> 10</td><td> 7</td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 18</td>
<td> 22</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Fly ash</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 12</td><td> 9</td><td> 6</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 21</td>
<td> 23</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>DS-325 pumice stone</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 39</td><td> 32</td><td> 24</td><td> 21</td><td> 17</td><td> 12</td><td> 7</td><td> 57 ’</td>
<td> 24</td><td>Ash to volát il</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> --</td><td> 80</td><td> 12</td><td> 9</td><td> 6</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 24</td>
<td> 25</td><td>Human waste</td><td> 50</td><td>Lime</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 15</td><td> 10</td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td> 23</td>
<td> 26</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Microfin cement or</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 10</td><td> 7</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td><td> 14</td>
<td> 27</td><td>CKD</td><td> 80</td><td>Rice husk ash</td><td> 20</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 24</td><td> 15</td><td> 9</td><td> 7</td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 41</td>
<td> 28</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Biopolymer</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 175</td><td> 111</td><td> 53</td><td> 31</td><td> 15</td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td> 220</td>
<td> 29</td><td>CKD</td><td> 50</td><td>Baryta</td><td> 50</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> 80</td><td> 48</td><td> 40</td><td> 30</td><td> 26</td><td> 22</td><td> 15</td><td> 13</td><td> 2</td>
<td> 30</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Latex</td><td> 2</td><td> 80</td><td> 48</td><td> 39</td><td> 28</td><td> 23</td><td> 19</td><td> 17</td><td> 15</td><td> 82</td>
<td> 31</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Ground rubber</td><td> 10</td><td> 80</td><td> 65</td><td> 56</td><td> 42</td><td> 40</td><td> 39</td><td> 30</td><td> 22</td><td> 105</td>
<td> 32</td><td>CKD</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Nanoclay</td><td> 2</td><td> 80</td><td> 22</td><td> 18</td><td> 12</td><td> 10</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 37</td>
<td> 33</td><td>Bar ita</td><td> 100</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>SA ™ - 1015</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 80</td><td> 41</td><td> 36,5</td><td> 30, 5</td><td> 28</td><td> 25, 5</td><td> 20, 5</td><td> 18, 5</td><td>NA</td>
<td> 33</td><td>Bar ita</td><td> 100</td><td> --</td><td> —</td><td>SA ™ - 1015</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 180</td><td> 38</td><td> 35,5</td><td> 32</td><td> 30</td><td> 28</td><td> 23, 5</td><td> 22</td><td>NA</td>
Accordingly, the example above indicates that the treatment fluid may have acceptable rheological properties for a particular application.
EXAMPLE 9
The following series of tests was conducted to further evaluate the compressive strength of the sample treatment fluids. Ten samples, marked as test fluids 34-43 in the table below, were prepared with a density of 13 ppg by using various concentrations of additives. The amount of these additives in each sample are indicated in the table below with "% by weight", which indicates the amount of a particular component by weight of the dry solids, which are oven powder, cement Portland, cement accelerator, fly ash and / or lime scale. The abbreviation "gal / sk" in the table below indicates the gallons of the particular component per 94 gallon bag of dry solids. The term "cement kiln powder" is abbreviated "CKD" in the table below.
The cement kiln powder used was Mountain Cement Kiln Powder from Laramie Wyoming, except for Sample Fluid 43 in which Cement Kiln Powder from Holcim (USA) Inc., Ada, Oklahoma was used. The Portland cement used in sample fluids 34 and 35 was CEMEX type 3 Portland cement from CEMEX USA. The cement accelerator used in sample fluid 34 was the CAL-SEAL ™ accelerator, from Halliburton Energy Services inc. The CAL-SEAL ™ accelerator is plaster. The F-class fly ash used in suspensions 37-41 was from Coal Creek Station. The C-class fly ash used in suspensions 36 was from LaFarge North America.
After preparation, the samples were allowed to cure for twenty-four to forty-eight hours in a 2-by-4 metal cylinder that was placed in a 160 ° F water bath to form forged cylinders. For certain samples, separate cylinders were cured for twenty-four and forty-eight hours. Immediately after removal from the water bath, destructive compressive strengths were determined using a mechanical press in accordance with API RP 10B-2. The results of these tests are listed below.
TABLE 7
<td>Fluid</td><td>Water</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>Accelerated of</td><td>Weight% <</td><td>% by weight d <</td><td>% in weight</td><td>Comp. 24 hr PSI</td><td>Camp. 48 Hr PSI</td>
<td>of</td><td>jal / sk</td><td>of</td><td>of</td><td>cement</td><td>ash</td><td>volatile ash</td><td>of</td><td>of</td><td>of</td>
<td>shows</td><td></td><td>CKD</td><td>cement</td><td>% in weigh</td><td>volatile</td><td>class c</td><td>lime</td><td>resist</td><td>resist</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Portland</td><td></td><td>class f</td><td></td><td></td><td>had</td><td>had</td>
<td> 34</td><td> 8,75</td><td> 85</td><td> 10</td><td> 5</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 73,4</td><td> —</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 8,75</td><td> 90</td><td> 10</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 99,8</td><td> —</td>
<td> 36</td><td> 8,14</td><td> 70</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 30</td><td> 0</td><td> 210</td><td> ““</td>
<td> 37</td><td> 8,25</td><td> 70</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 25</td><td> 0</td><td> 5</td><td> 388</td><td> —</td>
<td> 38</td><td> 8,20</td><td> 75</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 21</td><td> 0</td><td> 4</td><td> 300</td><td> 784</td>
<td> 39</td><td> 8,27</td><td> 80</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 17,5</td><td> 0</td><td> 2,5</td><td> 224</td><td> 641</td>
<td> 40</td><td> 9,61</td><td> 70</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 25</td><td> 0</td><td> 5</td><td> 219</td><td> 567</td>
<td> 41</td><td> 11,5</td><td> 70</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 25</td><td> 0</td><td> 5</td><td> 165</td><td> 369</td>
<td> 42</td><td> 5,12</td><td> 100</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 36,2</td><td> —</td>
<td> 43</td><td> 5,12</td><td> 100</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 60,8</td><td> —</td>
Therefore, the example above illustrates that a treatment fluid may have acceptable compressive strengths for certain applications.
EXAMPLE 10
The following series of tests was conducted to assess the development of static gel resistance of the sample treatment fluids. Two samples, labeled as test fluids 44 and 45 in the table below, with a density of 11 and 13.5 ppg, respectively, were prepared using various concentrations of additives. The concentrations of the components of each sample are as follows:
For sample fluid 44, the sample comprised a mixture of cement kiln powder (80% by weight), fly ash (16% by weight), and hydrated lime (4% by weight). The sample also comprised a suspension aid in an amount of 0.4% by weight of the mixture. Sufficient water was included in the sample to form providing a density of 11 ppg. The used cement kiln powder came from Holcim (USA) Inc. of Ada, Oklahoma. The fly ash used was the POZMIX® cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The suspending agent was SA ™ -1015 Suspending Agent, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
For sample fluid 45, the sample included a mixture of cement kiln powder (80% by weight), fly ash (16% by weight), and hydrated lime (4% by weight). Sufficient water was included in the sample to form providing a density of 13.5 ppg. The used cement kiln powder came from
Holcim (USA) Inc., of Ada, Oklahoma. The fly ash used was POZMIX® cement additive from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
The static gel strength of the samples was measured in accordance with the API Recommended Practice in Determining the Static Gel Strength of Cement Formations, ANSI / API 10B-6 Recommended Practice. FIGS. 1 and 2 show static gel resistance measurements for sample fluids 44 and 45, respectively, as a function of time. As observed in the figures, the figures evolve through the transition time, defined as the time between 100 SGS and 500 SGS, very quickly, with a total transition time of 19 minutes for sample 34 and 6 minutes for sample Sample 35. These short transition times are faster than most cement compositions.
EXAMPLE 11
The following series of tests was performed to further evaluate the development of static gel resistance of the sample treatment fluids. Two samples, labeled as test fluids 46 and 47 in the table below, with a density of 13,002 and 10,999 ppg, respectively, were prepared using various concentrations of additives. The concentrations of the components of each sample are as follows:
For sample fluid 46, the sample included a mixture of cement kiln powder (100% by weight), POZMIX® cement additive, (50% by weight of the cement kiln powder), HR®- cement retarder 601 (1% by weight of the cement kiln powder), HR®-25 cement retarder (0.6% by weight of the cement kiln powder) and D-Air 5000 ™ defoamer (0.5% by weight of the cement kiln powder). Sufficient water was included in the sample to form providing a density of 13,002 ppg. The used cement kiln powder came from Holcim (USA) Inc. of Ada, Oklahoma. The POZMIX® cement additive came from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The HR®-601 cement retarder came from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The HR®-25 cement retarder came from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. The DAir 5000 defoamer ™ came from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
For sample fluid 47, the sample included a mixture of cement kiln powder (100% by weight), SA-1015 (0.4% by weight of the cement kiln powder) and D-Air 5000 ™ defoamer ( 0.5% by weight of the cement kiln powder). Sufficient water was included in the sample to form providing a density of 10,999 ppg. The used cement kiln powder came from
Holcim (USA) Inc., of Ada, Oklahoma. SA ™ 76 Suspending Agent
1015 came from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Defoamer D-Air 5000 ™ came from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
The static gel strength of the samples was measured according to the API Recommended Practice in Determining the Static Gel Strength of Cement Formations, ANSI / API 10B-6 Recommended Practice. Table 8 shows the static gel resistance measurements for sample fluids 46 and 47, respectively.
TABLE 8
<td>Sample fluid</td><td>Temp (° F)</td><td>Time to reach 100 lbf / 100 ff (hr: min)</td><td>Time to 500 lbf / 100 ft * (hr: min)</td><td>Difference between 100 lbf / 100 ft "and 500 lbf / 100 ft (hr: min)</td>
<td> 46</td><td> 220</td><td> 3:25</td><td> 5:04</td><td> 1:39</td>
<td> 47</td><td> 220</td><td> 3:07</td><td> 3:17</td><td> 00:10</td>
As seen in the table, fluid 47 evolves through the transition time, defined as the time between 100 SGS and 500 SGS, very rapidly, with a total transition time of 10 minutes. Sample fluid 46 is much slower and takes over an hour to evolve through the transition time. The short transition time of sample fluid 47 is faster than most cement compositions.
It should be understood that compositions and methods that are described by expressions such as "comprising", "containing" or "including" various components or stages may also "basically consist of" or "consist of" the various components and stages. Furthermore, the indefinite articles "one" or "one", as used in the claims, are defined herein as one or more than one of the elements which they introduce.
For brevity, only certain intervals are explicitly described herein. However, intervals of any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to indicate an interval that was not explicitly stated, as well as intervals of any lower limit can be combined with any other lower limit to indicate an interval that is not explicitly indicated. Similarly, the intervals of any upper limit can be combined with any other upper limit to indicate an interval that was not explicitly indicated. Additionally, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is described, any number and any range included within the range is specifically described. In particular, it should be understood that any range of values (of the type "from about a to about b" or, equivalently, "from about a to b" or, equivalently, "from about ab") described herein indicates each number and range within the widest range of values even when not explicitly stated. Therefore, each individual point or value can function as its own lower or upper limit combined with any other individual point or value or any other lower or upper limit, to indicate an interval that was not explicitly indicated.
Therefore, the present invention is adapted to achieve the purposes and advantages mentioned, as well as those that are inherent in it. The particular embodiments described above are merely illustrative, as the present invention can be modified and practiced in various, albeit equivalent, ways that will be apparent to those skilled in the art with the benefit of the disclosure herein. While individual modalities are discussed, the invention encompasses all combinations of all such modalities. Additionally, it is not intended to limit
<td>absolute</td><td colspan="3">construction details</td><td>or design</td><td>than</td><td>I know</td>
<td>shows</td><td>in</td><td>the present,</td><td>more than like</td><td>It is described</td><td>in</td><td>the</td>
claims later. Furthermore, the terms of the claims have their common and customary meaning unless the patent owner clearly and explicitly defines otherwise. It is evident, therefore, that the particular illustrative embodiments described above can be altered or modified and that all such variations are considered to be within the scope and spirit of the present invention. In the event of any conflict in the uses of a word or expression in this specification and in one or more patents or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted. .
Contents23
23 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23
537 members in 16 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14091332 | United States of America | – | |
| 201314091332 | United States of America | A | |
| 201314091332 | United States of America | A | |
| 2014066908 | United States of America | W | |
| 2014066908 | United States of America | W | |
| 14091332 | – | – | – |
| PCTUS2014066908 | – | – | – |
| US201314091332 | – | – | – |
| WO2014US66908 | – | – | – |
Members537
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2005173117A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2005080287A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AR047795A1 | Argentina | A1 | |
| US2006162926A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2006166834A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7086466B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CA2621835A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| US2007056475A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2007056734A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2007028952A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU2007231193A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| CA2642930A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2007110591A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US7341104B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7353870B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2008110619A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AR060058A1 | Argentina | A1 | |
| NO20081139L | Norway | L | |
| EP1928975A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US2008156491A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7424913B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| NO20083987L | Norway | L | |
| GB0817239D0 | United Kingdom | D0 | |
| MX2008011817A | Mexico | A | |
| US7445669B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN101305070A | China | A | |
| US2008277116A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2681606A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2008139140A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| GB2451007A | United Kingdom | A | |
| US7478675B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2009071650A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009088348A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009114126A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009120644A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009124522A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009139719A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7559369B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2009200029A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AU2009216602A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| CA2714452A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2009103944A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2009236097A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| RU2008113764A | Russian Federation | A | |
| US2009260544A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7607482B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7607484B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7617870B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| US2009283269A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2009138747A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US7631692B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2009312445A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009320720A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010016183A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010025039A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010041792A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010044043A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP2158288A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US7674332B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| AU2009290758A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| CA2736148A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2010029281A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2010095871A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010096135A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| RU2008142119A | Russian Federation | A | |
| AU2009321421A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| AU2009321422A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| CA2741491A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2741824A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2755433A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2010061162A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2010061163A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2010061164A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US7743828B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7784542B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7789150B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| MX2010009191A | Mexico | A | |
| WO2010061162A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| US7806183B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CA2757109A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| US2010258312A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2010116143A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| CA2758311A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| US2010273912A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2010122277A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| EP2245106A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US2010282466A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2010292365A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| RU2404143C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| CA2762605A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2010136760A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2011000400A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2011017452A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7892352B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CA2774302A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2774306A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2847401A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2847489A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2847647A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2873279A1 | Canada | A1 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2016005289
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2016005289
- Publication, EPODOC
- MX2016005289
- Application
- 2016005289
- Application, DOCDB
- 2016005289
- Application, EPODOC
- MX20160005289
Titles
- Spanish
- COLOCACION DE UN FLUIDO QUE COMPRENDE POLVO DE HORNO EN UN POZO POR MEDIO DE UN ARREGLO DE FONDO DE POZO.
Classification
- CPC, 6
- C09K8/04
- C09K8/46
- E21B33/13
- E21B43/16
- C09K8/40
- C09K8/02
- IPC, 2
- E21B43 22
- C09K8 02