Hollow rectilinear thermoplastic structural component (variants)

Description:

The invention relates to construction, in particular to construction elements made of thermoplastic material. More specifically, the invention relates to the development of new thermoplastic structural components for mutual solidarity, which can be produced on the wall, at a low price, and which can be quickly and easily mutually supported, to build a wide variety of structures that will requires maintenance. as a minimum, they will be protected from the action of termites, corrosion, rust or mildew and will be highly resistant to the effects of weather conditions.

In addition, the invention relates to the development of new structural components, including hollow components internally adapted to encompass their concrete interior or other material, so as to allow a structure constructed of them to be anchored to the base and transformed into a permanent and essentially indestructible structure that will withstand earthquakes, hurricanes and other phenomena of nature. The invention also relates to the process of producing these components.

With the use of structural components of the invention in the construction of a wide range of structures it is noteworthy that their existence allows the creation of sustainable or permanent shelters, at a reduced price, for the population, all over the world, regardless of the climatic conditions.

Although it was proposed to use plastic material in the formation of wall panels or other components used in building construction, these panels did not have the necessary bearing or other structural qualities to be able to form working structures, which could be mass produced. low price and can be assembled easily and quickly, to build cheap structures, and in particular low-cost housing.

For example, [1] describes a plastic panel, made of separate panel elements, preferably made of vinyl polychloride, elements that join together to form a thin wall panel. In turn, the panels are executed so that they join together to achieve a structure of per summer. The panels thus manufactured are fundamentally weak, lacking the strength and load-bearing capacity to form structural components suitable for use, for example, in making the walls and roof of a practically sustainable building.

In [2] the use of individual prefabricated panels with slab and groove, preferably made of plastic material, which are connected or glued and used in particular for the foundation walls, is described. Such panels do not allow for high-throughput production and cannot be fast and easy to support each other to build a home or other structure.

In [3] we describe an empty panel element on the inside, having a width of about one and a half inches (1 1/2 ”) and a complicated interior, made by pultrusion, a process that involves pulling long glass fibers and bonding plastic, hot, hot, through a die, to process the glass fibers in the plastic-based table. Such a process is too slow and expensive to apply, and the panels do not achieve acceptable or practical structures for forming walls and roofs of houses, as presented in the present invention.

The invention consists, in one of its aspects, in the creation of new thermoplastic structural components, which can be quickly and easily interconnected to raise a wide variety of structures, from simple walls, parapets or fences to complete houses or buildings, the structural components thermoplastics mentioned including a reinforcement component, which gives structural resistance and control of the expansion of the structural component, constituent leaking together with the thermoplastic material through an extrusion die, said components being extruded in an essentially rigid, integral structural form, having the reinforcement component distributed throughout the thermoplastic material I mean, the mentioned structural components being configured so that they have means of interconnection with adjacent structural components, so that they can be easily and quickly interconnected to raise the desired structure.

The structural components according to the invention include hollow extruded panels, connectors or molding columns of hollow extruded panels, hollow extruded beams and adapters inside and extruded panel connectors, each of which is provided with fully realized means, which allow mutual solidarity, with adjacent structural components, to be assembled quickly and easily in the structure that is raised.

Also according to the invention, the hollow wall panels and columns on the inside have structural resistance to allow the casting of concrete or other material of the same category, deforming, to achieve essentially indestructible perma wall structures. nents.

In the case of the elevation of a dwelling or a building, it will be understood that due to the elevation of the walls of the dwelling or the building on a concrete support and due to the anchoring with concrete, support, wall panels and / or columns to connect the wall panel, achieves о permanent support structure for the roof, permanent, hurricane resistant, earthquakes and other natural phenomena.

In its preferred form, the invention consists of forming the aforementioned structural thermoplastic components by extruding them, to have a core or thermoplastic support with reinforcing glass fibers anchored and distributed throughout their mass, giving them tensile strength and expansion control. when a smooth thermoplastic coating is coextruded onto the exposed outer surfaces of said core, the aforementioned shell having incorporated and being mutually supportive with glass fiber portions that are exposed at the reinforced core interface - mentioned coatings.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermoplastic coating has a smooth, easy-to-maintain free surface, in addition to its appearance, and an easy handling and mutual solidarity with the structural components, as well as a shock-resistant surface that protects against glass and fiberglass. . Additionally, thermoplastic coating can be colored as desired and provided with appropriate UV protection agents, as will be understood, to protect the color and prevent degradation under the influence of the climate.

The structural system of the invention is of particular value in the field of housing construction, where the housing or building can be constructed on a concrete support and made of interconnected extruded structural components, including wall and roof panels, hollow inside, and columns. connecting, all having glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic supports year corrugated by the substrate and dispersed throughout its mass, the supports being covered with a smooth thermoplastic coating, impact resistant. The wall panels are anchored by the concrete support, also through the concrete inserted inside the wall panels and / or the hollow connection columns on the inside, as desired. It will also be understood that, if desired, the housing structure, including the walls and roof, can be covered with any decorative exterior.

The invention also relates to a process for realizing the structural components, by coextruding the smooth thermoplastic support and the reinforced thermoplastic one, to facilitate the extrusion and to perform their bonding.

These features of the invention, as well as others, will be understood from the following detailed description, made according to the attached figures, which represents:

FIG. 1, perspective view of a built housing extruded thermoplastic structural components according to the invention;

FIG. 2, front view, showing how the wall panels are placed on a concrete support;

FIG. 3, partial perspective view, illustrating the placement of a wall panel on the concrete support, with о arrow indicating the place where the anchoring and reinforcing concrete or other similar material may be introduced;

FIG. 4, partial perspective view, illustrating о pair of panel elements and a joining profile of the elements, ready for assembly;

FIG. 5, rear view, illustrating how the joining profile performs the bonding of the adjacent panel components;

FIG. 6, partial cross-section, illustrating the structure of a typical extruded structural component, having a core or support made of thermoplastic material incorporating glass fibers, having the outer surface and x cover coated with a smooth thermoplastic wrap that isolates the surface of the support and encloses the glass fibers to be anchored by means of its support;

FIG. 7, cross section through line 7-7 in fig. 6;

FIG. 8, partial perspective view, illustrating the assembly of exterior wall panels, interior wall panel and roof panels at the level of the roof ridge of the dwelling;

FIG. 9, partial perspective view, illustrating a connector with a molding frame for joining the walls, or о column, provided with means of mutual solidarity adapted to receive a removable element that defines a channel, through which the electrical wires inside the wall;

FIG. 10 and 11, other forms of connection with casting frames for panels, or columns;

FIG. 12, partial perspective view, illustrating the mounting of the part in windows of a roof structure with a wall structure and the crowning of this lower end of a roof panel;

FIG. 13, a partial perspective view of a wall corner, illustrating how the hollow wall panels on the inside and the molding frame connector for the corner, or column, constitute concrete shapes that receive concrete or other similar material for anchoring the wall structure to the concrete support and to create the rigid, impregnable wall structure with fine cells filled with concrete, capable of withstanding earthquakes, hurricanes and other phenomena of nature and, at the same time, provide effective insulation against heat transfer (heat and cold);

FIG. 14, a cross-section illustrating how to install a window, using an adapter so configured as to support each other with the wall columns and to support a standard window;

- f ig. 15, the top view of a wall, which may be the wall of any structure, not only of the dwelling according to the invention, a figure illustrating the use of concrete only in the frames with castings, or columns;

FIG. 16, plan view with a top section, illustrating a wall structure, in which the individual cells of the panel, as well as the connector with a casting frame or column, with a joint profile, are filled with concrete for maximum wall resistance;

FIG. 16a, top view of a concrete casting model;

FIG. 16b is a top view of the concrete model of Figure 16a mounted at the top of a wall panel to make the concrete wall-filled structure of Figure 16;

FIG. 17, partial cross-section, illustrating a way of connecting the roof panels to the walls of the dwelling;

FIG. 18, rear view with partial section of a component portion panel (example), or element, which represents the relative thicknesses of the outer walls of the reinforced core and the transverse edges or internal connecting walls, as well as the layer of the shell that insulates the exposed outer walls of the panel;

FIG. 19, partial section view, illustrating an extruded reinforced wall panel, which has decorative elements applied by plating on the outer surface;

FIG. 20, view of an unimportant interior wall panel, in which the coating has been replaced with another type of coating, such as paint;

FIG. 21, a vertical cross-sectional view of a parapet, wall, sonic barrier or other similar structures that are raised from the structural panels and connectors of the invention;

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a raised fence, according to the invention, from the structural panels and connectors of the invention.

The structural components according to the invention have utility in erecting a wide range of structures, but they are of particular importance in the field of home construction, as there is an acute need for low-cost, sustainable or permanent housing throughout the world, a need that all efforts so far have not been able to meet. . The requirements for such housing are the possibility to be mass produced, at a reduced price and to be easily and quickly assembled to form a permanent or permanent structure by an unskilled worker. Subsequently, the resulting structure must be such that it can withstand wide variations in climatic conditions and withstand shock, earthquakes, hurricanes, wind, hail and snowstorms, high humidity and wide temperature variations, corrosion, decay or break. Such housing must also be impenetrable to termites and other insects. In addition, to be truly and widely accepted, such a home must have a satisfying appearance tor from an aesthetic point of view.

The present invention, together with its usefulness in erecting various other structures, for the first time allows the realization of the home to meet all the above criteria, as will be seen later in the description.

Referring to FIG. 1, о a typical house made according to the invention has walls 1, assembled from wall panels 2 and a roof 3, assembled from roof panels 4, as shown in fig. 8.

The wall and roof panels are configured in such a way that they are connected in the housing structure by conjugate gear for mutual solidarity with the adjacent elements, thus being able to be assembled without the use of tools, as further described below.

As shown in FIG. 2, all that needs to be done to prepare the place of the house is to build a concrete support 5, which has о edge flange 6 with reduced thickness, forming о edge for the reception of wall panels 2, as shown in particular in Fig. 3.

Wall panels 2 have separate interior and exterior walls 7 and 8, connected by interior partitions 9, forming internal cells 10, in which the concrete can be poured, as desired, as indicated by the arrow A, to make the structure о extremely strong permanent wall. Additionally, the concrete support may be provided with the anchoring rod 11, as desired, which is designed in the direction inside the cells 10 to anchor the poured concrete into the cells, so the wall panels to the support. Bridge 12 is provided to hold the concrete, stopping its extension under the wall panel.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the walls of the house and the size of the concrete support are so dimensioned that they exist! a very small gap G inside the piercings, at the level of the thickened portion of the support. This achieves tolerance, which I assure! adaptation p The lower part of the walls around the thick portion of the support and the retention on the narrow edge flange 6, after! as can be seen in FIG. 2 and is shown in FIG. 3.

When the concrete is poured inside the walls, it confines a certain amount of water, as has been observed in the classical concrete casting procedures. After! as can be seen again in FIG. 3, the panels that form! the wall is left open at their lower ends, which support each other! on the top! of the flange of the concrete support 6. This allows the concrete water to drain! actually on the bottom! of the wall panels and, although the bridge 12 achieves о effective protection against the drawing of the concrete underneath the wall panels, it does not protect against the water and thus allows the water from the concrete to be alil! m wall panels! they leak! from the support. Bridge 12 also has a guiding role, helping to align the wall panels along the outer edge of the concrete support.

As illustrated in FIG. 4 and 5, the adjacent panels are adapted for connection with a joining profile 13 and so on! as shown in FIG. 15, the free ends of the panels are mutually supported by a column! vertical! 14. Column 14 is the column о! typical! for mutual solidarity together with pairs of adjacent panels mutually solidarity, located along the wall, while column 15 is о the column! helmet for mutual solidarity! of adjacent hairs at the level of a helmet. After! as shown in FIG. 15, columns 14 and 15 are filled with concrete 16 and are anchored to the concrete support by the anchoring rods 11. Fig. fifteen illustrates the situation in which only the connecting columns 15 and 16 receive concrete, while FIG. 16 illustrating! concrete present in both column 14 and internal cells 10 of the wall panels 2.

If it blows up! the next move! of the housing structure , sand can be used instead of concrete, in the columns and / or cells of the inner wall panel, if it is desired to confer the structural strength and the desired anchorage. Also, of course, the cells of the inner wall and / or columns 14 and 15 of the joints of the joints may be filled with a material other than concrete, including insulating material. Alternatively, the columns can be filled with concrete, and the panels with insulating material, any other kind of arrangement possible.

To have о shaped house! modular !, for convenience, the wall panels 2, the joining profile 13 and columns 14 and 15 were thus dimensioned to determine о lateral gap !, from the center line of another column, by one meter. The thickness of the wall panels 2 from the outer wall 7 to the inner wall 8 was conveniently chosen at four inches, as a balance between cost and structural strength !. Thus, on the pearls, of course, they may have an even greater thickness but this does not cost ul, while the more subdued pearls reduce the strength and amount of concrete these pearls can receive.

After! how to illustrate! in FIG. 12, the upper edges of the pearls 1 have a crown represented by о beam! no goal! inside 17, having flanges 18 that hug the outer and inner edges of the wall panel, to be firmly fixed to them. This wall crown or beam! head аге о configurafie goal! inside and has a superior surface о! inclined 19, to support the lower edges of the roof panels 4.

After! as shown in FIG. 17, the means for fixing the roof panels 4 to the inclined surface of the crown of the wall 19 may include a threaded rod 20 embedded in the concrete from one of the wall columns 14 or from one of the inner wall panel cells 10 and projecting ! up, through the crown of wall 17, as well as a pan necklace! 21 fastened with nut 22 and washer 23, no screws on the upper end of the rod 20. Empty head beam! on the inside 24 with the flanges 25 that cover the upper and lower surfaces of the roof panels include the lower edges of these panels, but I present! holes suitable for leakage 26, which also allow air to flow through the hollow roof panels inside A.

After! as shown in FIG. 8, in the middle of the house there is a hollow roof panel on the inside or beam 27, of similar construction! wall panels 2, supported by an intermediate fastening profile 28 carried by the о column! 14. Solidarized with each other on the tip of the ridge beam! of roof 27 there is о connecting beam of the roof ridge beam 29 of the roof panel 29, which has support surfaces of the inclined roof panel 30, ending with flanges or pins 31 extending upwards and backwards and extending projects inside cells 32 of roof panels 4, to sit above and a it captures the lower surfaces 33 of these cells, thereby anchoring the tops of the roof panels to the roof ridge beam 27. A ventilation opening 34 is provided at the level of the roof ridge, which covers the space between the tops of the roof panels 4 and is mutually compatible with them, in the same time allowing circulation through the ventilation hole, through the cells of the roof 27 and out through the ventilation holes 26 of the terminal cap 24. The roof ridge beam of the roof panel 27 is provided with hollow enclosed sections 35 beneath the support surfaces 30, to increase strength and rigidity at this level.

Roof panels 4 may have dimensions similar to those of wall panels 2, but where larger roof openings are required or when heavy roof loads are anticipated, the thickness or depth of the roof panels, from the lower surfaces of the roof 33 to the upper surfaces of the roof 36, may be increased, for example by six inches, and the fiber content may also be increased. Similarly, the depth or thickness and fiberglass content of the roof ridge beam of the panel can be increased when heavy loads are expected.

In addition to columns 14, for the combination of vertical wall sections and corner columns 15 are provided, as illustrated in FIG. 11, columns 37, connecting an internal wall panel 38 to the panels forming one of the outer walls 1.

It is very desirable to mask the electrical wires required in the house inside the walls. For this purpose, it is shown in fig. 9 о column, which corresponds to column 14 and designated 14, which includes о pair of separate pins 39, which project inside the column and are twisted outward, in opposite directions, in order to damage lysis sliding guides for receiving a groove 40 which has pins 41 twisted inwardly and which is joined by sliding through the front of the pins 39, creating a separate compartment 42 for receiving wires 43 or other elements.

This separate compartment 42, made in the groove assembly 40 inside column 14, can be closed by the concrete which is cast in column 14, leaving the groove open to receive the wires 43.

Fig. 16a and 16b show aspects that allow the concrete to be loaded inside the wall without exposing the compartment 42 to the concrete. In particular, FIG. 16a shows a о mold for concrete or template, shown globally with 44, which has in it a series of holes 45. As shown in fig. 16b, the template 44 is placed at the top of the wall structure and the holes in the template are centered on each of the cells or compartments 10 of the wall structure. Of particular interest is that the hole in the template above the column 14 does not align with the compartment 42 formed by the groove 40 coupled with the guides 39, these being protected by the body of the template. The groove 40 and the guides 39 join in front of the template base and therefore, when the concrete is poured through the template, the compartment 42 is efficiently isolated from the flow of concrete. The template has the added advantage of having a maximum level up to the top level of the concrete and due to the smaller size of the holes in the template compared to the size of the compartments, it helps prevent the pouring of concrete from the wall structure .

It will be taken into account that in order to produce a stable, solid and permanent structure, for example a home structure of the type described above, it is necessary that the various components of the panels, such as wall panels, columns connecting the panels and joint profiles, roof panels, wall beams, as well as crown wall tiles and roof beams, have the structural strength and bearing capacity required to perform their functions. at the same time, in order to be practical, these components must be able to be produced in large quantities at low prices.

Although ordinary thermoplastic materials, such as vinyl chloride, for example polyvinyl chloride (CPV), can be easily extruded into a desired shape, the resulting product does not have sufficient strength to constitute a supporting structural element suitable for building a durable structure. to о substantial, or permanent, pregnancy. Additionally, such an element has dimensional changes, depending on the temperature, unacceptable. On the other hand, increasing the strength of the plastic material in a way that makes it uneconomical to produce products from it is also unacceptable.

The structural components according to the invention are obtained by using a reinforced thermoplastic material in a so that the reinforced thermoplastic material has the strength and control of the required expansion, while being able to flow through an extrusion die. In this way, the component can be continuously extruded, having a constituent !! reinforcements distributed throughout the mass of the thermoplastic material, the component walls being continuous and complete! at the level of their junction.

Although thermoplastic reinforcing agents, such as mineral or other fibers and dilation control agents, such as calcium carbonate, are known, a reinforcing agent or constituent particularly useful according to the present invention is known. small glass fibers. These glass fibers, when anchored in a thermoplastic material, such as vinyl chloride, for example polyvinyl chloride (CPV), confer the ability to reinforce and control the required expansion, appropriate to the various structural components of the invention.

Suitable material, which incorporates small glass fibers and which can be used in the production of structural components of the invention, is available under the FIBERLOC mark, from BF Goodrich Company in Akron, Ohio, the material being described extensively in [4], wherein Short and very thin glass fibers are bonded in a vinyl chloride resin composition.

The presence of glass fibers in CPV or other thermoplastic material, although it gives tensile strength and dilation control, creates an extrusion problem so that, if they are too large and too concentrated, the extrusion of the material is not practical. It is preferable that these fibers be of the order of several millimeters in diameter and several millimeters in length and at о concentrates not greater than and preferably less than about 35% by weight of glass fibers and vinyl chloride resins. .

Also, the presence of glass fibers creates a fragility that determines requires that the structure produced from plastic reinforced only with fiberglass be subjected to a potential impact fracture. This potential increases as the fiber concentration increases.

According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the problems arising with the use of glass fibers as reinforcement components, in parallel with the use of their beneficial reinforcement properties, have been solved by coextruding the glass-reinforced thermoplastic material together with a smooth thermoplastic coating covering the exposed outer surfaces. of the various structural components.

The smooth plastic coating can be CPV, rigid CPV, semi-rigid CPV, ABS, polycarbonate. Suitable thermoplastic materials are available from GE under the GELOY and NORYL brand.

Therefore, according to the preferred form of the invention, the structural components with the desired qualities, as specifically shown in FIG. 6 and 7, including core or support 46, composed of a mat thermoplastic glass reinforced with glass fibers, such as CPV, and a coextruded smooth outer shell 47, which covers the exposed outer surfaces of the structural component.

Wrap 47 has a multitude of useful destinations. Due to the presence of glass fibers in the core or support 46, it is somewhat fragile and its surfaces are rough and abrasive, having fragments of glass fibers that project through the surface of the support, making it slightly porous and susceptible to moisture entering which adversely affects the bond. between the glass fibers and the thermoplastic material.

The co-extrusion of the thermoplastic coating covers and isolates the exposed external surfaces of the structural component against moisture penetration, thus maintaining the integrity of the fiberglass bonding to the plastic support. Additionally, the outer shell 47 not only covers the exposed glass fibers 48, but these exposed glass fibers become embedded in the mat. the thermoplastic rial, so that the outer surface of the component is completely smooth. In turn, the glass fibers, becoming embedded in the outer shell, fix this coating to the support so that the expansion and contraction of the outer shell are related to the expansion and contraction of the support, which are controlled or limited by the presence of the incorporated glass fibers, which have a coefficient. of much smaller expansion of the plastic.

Another important function of the outer casing 47 is that the thermoplastic material chosen for the casing can have the formula in such a way that, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, to include agents that confer impact resistance. By this, the coating may represent о impact-resistant or absorbent coating, which includes exposed surfaces of the structural component, thus making it resistant to impact.

the outer casing 47 may also include any desired color and may be resisted nt to ultra violet radiation, so that the time will not take off when contacting an atmospheric agent, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.

The combination of the co-extruded support 46 and the smooth coating 47 therefore allows the construction of structural components that do not require care, are resistant to impact, will not corrode, will not mold, will not rust and will be impenetrable to moisture, termites and other insects.

As particularly illustrated in FIG. 5, the walls of the panels, either the wall panels 2 or the roof panels 4 provide for the interconnection within the structure of the house by extrusion to form sliding channels or joining grooves 49 towards the inside of the panel edge or side walls 50.

The space between the inner and outer surfaces of the panels, at level 51 and 52 extending from the joining grooves 49 to the edge of the panel or side walls 50, is reduced to fit g the friction of the ends or flanges 53 of the joining profile 13 illustrated in fig. 5 or of the edges 54 of the various columns 14, 15 and 37 illustrated in fig. 9, 10 and 11. In this arrangement, the exposed surfaces of the panels are at the same level as the exposed surfaces of the joining profiles or of the columns, having continuous, smooth exposed surfaces.

The jointing profiles 13 have inwardly 55 jointed projections adapted for sliding coupling and fixing in the jointing grooves 49 of the wall and roof panels, in order to support each other with them. Similarly, the molding frame connectors or columns 14, 15 and 37 have inwardly rotating joint protrusions 56, adapted for sliding coupling and fixing in the same joint grooves 49, for assembly of components by mutual sliding, quickly and easily, without the use of tools.

To ease this solidarity by sliding the ends of the side walls 50 of the panels are slightly concave, as shown in fig. 5. This keeps the end of the panel away from the transverse edge 58 of the joining profile, which at the assembly becomes the interior of the wall. This transverse edge 58 of the profile is not covered by the casing 47, so it will withstand the slip towards the end of the panel. Also, this arrangement avoids any interference with sliding solidarity, if the tolerances of the panel walls 50 and the transverse edge 58 of the joining profile are eventually exceeded. the smooth casing 47 of the joining profiles extends around the projecting projections 55 twisted inwards, so that they slide slightly into the joining grooves 49 at the ends of the panel.

As observed in connection with the panel and the components of the assembled joint profile, the transverse edges 58 of the joining profile, not covered by the shell, are contained inside and protected by the wall or roof structure. In the same sense, the transverse ribs! 59 of the columns or connectors with molding frame 14, 15 and 37 are without cover, and when assembled they are contained inside and protected by the wall structure.

Although the smooth outer plastic casing 47 has a very attractive appearance, which can be colored as desired, as can be seen in fig. 19, can be applied о decorative facade 60 on panels, such as wall panel 2. This decorative facade can take any desired shape, for example of apparent brick, stone, shingle, etc. It will also be taken into consideration that the roof panels may have a façade that mimics the shingle, tile and others, a façade that is attached by any known means, illustrated schematically by the number 61 in fig. 19.

Where it is not necessary for wall panels to have the same load-bearing capacity as panels of the wall described above in the preferred composition for the exterior walls of the house, for example when it comes to the interior walls, the thermoplastic material of these panels, such as panel 62 of fig. 20, may contain reinforcing agents other than glass fibers. Such reinforcing agents indicated by 63 may include other fibers, such as mineral fibers or non-fibrous materials, for example calcium carbonate, which will be rapidly determined to flow through an extrusion die. In addition, the plastic outer shell can be omitted.

In these cases, the exposed surfaces of the panels can be decorated and covered or insulated with a coat of paint 64, as shown in FIG. 20, or with wallpaper, decorative panels and others.

The process for the realization of the structural structural components, represented by panels 2 and 4, columns 14, 15 and 37, the joining profile 13, the wall or beam crowns and the terminal crowns of the e of the roof panel, according to the invention involves the co-extrusion of the smooth coating layer of thermoplastic material 47, at the same time with the support material of glass fiber reinforcement 46 and the use of this coating layer as a lubricant, which facilitates the flow of the support material through the production lines. By this co-extrusion, the coating layer protects the surfaces of the production lines with which it comes in contact, isolating them from the abrasive action of the exposed ends of the glass fibers or the fragments of support material.

In structural components, for example in panels 2 and 4 which have internal transverse edges, such as transverse edge 9 joining the wall forming portions, extrusion is easy, because the width or thickness of these transverse edges is slightly smaller than the thickness of the portions. of wall 7 and 8. As a practical example, when the thickness of the transverse edges 9 is 0.065 inches, the wall portions may it had a thickness of 0.080 inches, while the thickness of the casing 47 may be of the order of 0.015 inches, so the wall panels 7 and 8 are 0.030 inches thicker than the internal transverse edges.

From a structural point of view, in assessing the bearing capacity, the walls 8 and 9 of the panels can be considered as the soles of a beam in I and the transverse edges 9, as the edges of the beam. Similarly, the ends of the joining profiles 13 can be considered as the soles of a beam in I, and the transverse edge or wall 58, as the edge of the beam. Columns 14, 15 and 37 can be considered as beams for structural purposes.

It will be taken into account that the example given is just an example and that the dimensions, the specific proportions can be slightly modified depending on the appreciation of the specialists in the field.

The individual structural components of the invention are extruded into continuous length and cut to length it is necessary. In this connection, it will be taken into account that these components can be cut with the saw or notched, to make holes for doors and windows or others, in which windows 65 and doors 66 are shown, illustrated in fig. 1.

As shown in FIG. 14 as an example, the window 65 may be a standard window with a standard plastic frame for the window 67 on which the movable frame for the window 68, bearing the window 69. To mount the window, there are provided hollow thermoplastic material adapters on the inside 70, configured with grooves or grooves 71 which are mutually compatible, for example, with the flanges 36 twisted inside one of the columns with a casting frame, depending on the position of the window. , being presented the column with corner casting frame. The adapters are so proportioned that together with the window they open between two columns, to maintain the modular format of the chosen house to one meter. so, the window assembly with the adapters 70 illustrated in fig. 14 will extend between the joint with о corner column 15 and о intermediate column 15.

Adapter 70 is provided with legs 72, which interlock with the window frame 67 ре саге о support. It will be understood that the window assembly with the adapters 70 can be positioned simply by sliding or assembling in the same manner in which the panels and connectors are assembled, without the need for tools or other means of adjustment.

Similar arrangements may be provided for fitting doors 66 which are also available from plastic material, as will be readily considered.

Although the use of the structural components of the invention when forming a house or building is described in detail, fig. 21 shows the use of the structural components according to the invention in the construction of a simple wall 73, such as a sound barrier for the freeway, parapet or partition. in connection c and this is provided with panels of panel type 2, which are mutually compatible with joining profiles 13 or, if desired, with molding frame connectors and anchored by means of concrete poured into them of concrete base 74, with anchor rods. 75. Such a wall will have exceptional durability, structural resistance and atmospheric conditions, based on low-cost materials and can be lifted quickly and easily by simply sliding the components into the mutual support gear. Damn. 22 schematically shows the use of panels 2, produced in the form of a simple annex 76, using molding frame connectors or corner columns 15.

From the foregoing, it will be understood that the invention makes structural components and a structural system to elevate structures from the simplest to the complete buildings, in which the structural components have the required bearing and the required structural qualities, can be mass produced at they are small and can be lifted and mutually supported by their simple slip instead of the joint, so that the lifting can be done quickly and easily by only two workers.

Along with other advantages discussed above, the structural components have low heat retention, ie they are low heat transmitters and do not transfer heat and cold quickly. So, in using the structure for the construction of fences, their wall structures, especially when they are filled with concrete, achieve excellent insulation with respect to heat and cold transfer.

Also, for the construction of houses or other types of buildings, the fact that the roof panels are hollow inside and allow air circulation, and the fact that they have low thermal conductivity allow these panels to achieve excellent insulation against heat transfer and cold inside the building.

It will also be noted that the bonds of mutual solidarity between the various structural components make a sinuous trajectory, which effectively blocks the penetration of moisture through these connection points, while, of course, the components themselves are impenetrable to moisture.

Therefore, various variants of the requested invention have been described in detail and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that c! variations of these headlight variants can be made! to get away from the spirit of invention! they or the purpose of the claims exact year.