Wind power plant with a cylindrical rotor

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of wind energy, namely, to a wind turbine with a cylindrical rotor.

State of the art

Known power plants having a cylindrical rotor comprising a wind sampler, a wind divider and a windscreen are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. 4,017,204; 500,956; 4,198,280; 10,199; 4260325.

The technical solution described in U.S. Patent No. 4,017,204, issued April 12, 1977, is characterized by the fact that:

- the rotor axis of the wind generator is horizontal with respect to the ground;

- different number and proportions of rotor blades;

- other ratio of blade width to rotor diameter;

- the wind generator is placed directly on the ground;

- The construction, geometry and proportions of the wind deflector, wind deflector, wind visor are also different;

- no folding and no wings.

This plant has the following disadvantages:

- Rear rotor cover creates high resistance to air flow. The rotor and hood become inflatable, almost like a flat, solid obstacle with a small slit at the bottom. The area of ​​this cut is equal to a maximum of 1.5 rotor blade areas according to Figures 1 and 2, but this design is of low efficiency. The rotor operates at a load of 1.5 blades. The remaining wind flow bypasses the design of the wind generator;

- placing a wind generator on the ground reduces its efficiency, because here the wind speed is lower than high due to obstacles (buildings, forest). Raising this wind generator to a certain height requires a mast that requires a lot of material,

- irrational and material-intensive construction of wind deflector, wind deflector and wind shield in relation to the functions they perform.

The technical solution described in U.S. Patent No. 5,009,569, published April 23, 1991, is characterized by the following:

- the rotor axis of the wind generator is horizontal with respect to the ground;

- different number and proportions of rotor blades;

- other ratio of blade width to rotor diameter;

- the wind generator is placed directly on the ground;

- The construction, geometry and proportions of the wind deflector, wind deflector, wind visor are also different;

- no folding and no wings.

In addition to the same drawbacks as described above, this power plant also has the following disadvantages:

- only one rotor blade is blown;

- The windscreen is placed in the shadow of the wind. The wind generator is unstable in wind direction and will vary in amplitude about 50 °;

- The windscreen is also placed on the ground, which prevents the wind generator from being raised above the ground.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,280, published Feb. 19, 1980, describes a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor arranged horizontally, having a wind receiver and a wind deflector. The differences and disadvantages are the same as above.

In addition, such a structure cannot work. Closed wind flow passage through. He cannot turn himself in front. The wind will have to flow through the wind generator's structure as a continuous barrier-like wall. (see Fig. 1A).

Known wind engine according to U.S. Pat. 10,199, published June 29, 1929, is almost the same - creating a wind shadow on one side of the blade rotor and dropping airflow on the other side of the rotor.

This design has the disadvantages listed below.

With the wind deflector directing the flow of wind to the active sides of the rotor blades, there is no wind deflector, which prompted the author to move the vertical plane of the windscreen (rudder) away from the rotor axis axis. However, it is placed in the shadow of the rotor wind, which allows the windscreen (rudder) plane to rotate at a significant angle a with respect to the direction of the wind flow to equalize the force exerted by the wind deflector (see Fig. 1B).

It is clear from this drawing that the angle of attack of the wind stream β with respect to the wind deflector is useless.

The larger the angle a, the larger the angle β. The wind deflector fights the windscreen, thus creating an axle load and performing its second purpose of dropping airflow on the rotor blade.

The main differences between this technical solution.

- Blade construction. The blades greatly complicate the design of the rotor as well as its cost and do not increase the torque compared to the expected rotor blade arrangement. The ratio of blade width to rotor diameter is 1/3, and their number and shape are optimal.

- No windbreaker.

- The windscreen is placed in the shadow of the rotor wind and moved away from the wind deflector.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,260,325, published July 7, 1973, describes a wind generator using a wind deflector and a wind sampler.

The design has the following disadvantages:

- The wind deflector of this design cannot absorb approximately 1/3 of the airflow. As a result, the balance of the wind pickup is not maintained and the air flow to the rotor blades is reduced. As a result, the windscreen has a curved shape towards the side of the windbreaker. With this arrangement of the wind deflector, the wind receiver, the wind visor, their shape and size, it is possible to doubt their stability with respect to the wind (see Fig. C).

- The forces Fi and F2 are approximately equal and their shoulders hi and h2 are distinctly different. The curved windscreen is partially in the shadow of the wind from the conical hood.

- The design and shape of the blades are very complex. Because the efficiency of the rotor depends on the intake air flow and the area of ​​the inflatable active blades, the design of the rotor can be simplified.

- The use of a ball bearing at the rotor base is inefficient (conventional bearings have a lower coefficient of friction) and their operation in snow and dust becomes very complicated.

- Heavy-duty and material-intensive construction (rotor base, masts, tensioners).

Thus, known structures are bulky and unstable and have low efficiency in converting wind energy into rotor torque.

The object of the invention.

The object of the invention is to provide a high efficiency wind generator with a reliable design and operating over a wide range of wind speeds.

The essence of the invention.

The goal is achieved in this way.

A wind turbine with a cylindrical rotor and a wind guiding device comprising a wind sampler, a wind chopper and a windscreen mounted on a pivot axis is characterized in that the rotor can have from 2 to 10 blades at the following ratio of element sizes:

- blade width to length ratio: 1: 4 to 1: 8;

- the ratio of the width of the blade B to the rotor diameter is 1: 2 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3;

- wind attack angles Ai and A₂ the wind deflector C and the wind deflector D have 30 ° - 45 ° planes, the angles γ and ω being 0 ° - 28 ° and 20 ° - 45 ° respectively;

- the angles A] and A2, the sizes and the arrangement of the wind deflector, the wind deflector are calculated so that the forces exerted on them by the wind are in equilibrium - approximately as shown in FIG. 3.

Ld xPd = LcxPc,

The sizes of the windscreen are calculated to ensure a constant orientation to the wind.

Approximately as shown in Figures 3,4.

ShxPh

->1,3

ScxPc

The wind turbine is also characterized in that the size and location of the wind pickup, wind deflector, windscreen are interrelated and calculated depending on the size of the rotor and the average annual wind speed set in the region.

The shape of the curvature of the transverse section of the shoulder shall correspond to the minimum air resistance at the time of its forward convexity.

The wind turbine additionally has upper and lower wings Rj and R2, and the wings have the following dimensions:

Wing width equal to 0.4 - 0.8 rotor blade width, Wing length equal to 1 ^ -2 rotor blade width.

The wings are located at the rear of the active rotor and may be asymmetrical to the axis of the windscreen.

The wind turbine is further characterized by the fact that the windscreen is designed to rotate in the plane of the axis of rotation, perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

The technical solution is shown in the drawings, where:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a prior art wind generator with a cylindrical rotor.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor for marking the wind flow.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with defined dimension lines.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with defined dimension lines.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor with the windscreen in position.

FIG. 6 is a general view of a wind generator with a cylindrical rotor.

FIG. 7 shows the possible shapes of the blades.

description of an example implementation

The presented design belongs to wind generators with cylindrical rotor. The rotor consists of a curved blade (denoted by B in Fig. 2-4) mounted on a pivot axis (denoted by A in Fig. 2-4). This axis A has a rigid structure through its pivot, consisting of:

- windbreaker (designated C in Fig. 2 - 4) with hinged (designated R in Fig. 2 4);

- wind pickup (marked with letter D in fig. 2-4);

- a windscreen (indicated by the letter H in Figures 2-5);

the wings from the top of the rotor and from the bottom of the rotor (represented by the letters Ri and R)₂24).

This design and rotor can rotate on the axis relative to each other. At the bottom of the axle is a power generator (marked with G in Figs. 2 - 4). At the bottom of the rotor, the mast of the wind generator is supported by three tensioners (marked with letter E in Figs. 2 - 4) spaced 120 ° relative to each other.

Proportions and relationships.

The ratio of the width of the shoulder (indicated by the letter B in Figures 2-4) is approximately 1/4 of its length.

The ratio of the width of the blade B to the diameter of the rotor is approximately 1/3.

The angle of the wind attack on the plane of the wind deflector C and the wind deflector D (denoted by a in Fig. 1a) is between 30 ° and 45 °.

The projected downwind force (marked Fd in Fig. 3) multiplied by the width of the wind receiver (denoted Ld in Fig. 3) by the shoulder (denoted by Pd Fig. 3) ) from the shoulder (marked Pc in Fig. 3) by:

LdxPd = LcxPc,

The ratio of the wind force generated by the product of the windscreen area (marked Sh Fig.4) and the shoulder product (designated Ph Fig.4) to the wind force generated from the product area of ​​the windscreen deflector (marked Sc in Figure 4) and the shoulder (marked Pc in Figure 4) be greater than 1.5.

ShxPh

->1,5

ScxPc

The wind deflector C ends in a fold (marked R in Fig. 2) over the whole area, with a projected wind size of (0.2-7-0.5) Lc.

The upper and lower wings (Ri and R2 in Figs. 2; 4) have the following dimensions:

- wing width equal to 0,4 to 0,8 rotor blade width,

- Wing length equal to 1 + 2 rotor blade width.

The maximum coefficient of wind utilization, and consequently the maximum power of the wind generator, arises when the blade centers move at the following speeds:

-1.1 m / s at wind speeds of 3.5 m / s.

- 2 m / s at wind speeds of 6 m / s.

Operating principle.

The wind baffle C (Fig. 2) protects the curved sides of the rotor blades from the air flow and guides it to the curved sides of the rotor blades. The wind pickup D (Fig. 2) captures the air flow and also deflects into the concave sides of the rotor blades. Pressing the wind into the wind deflector and the wind sampler forces Fc and Fd (Fig. 2). The arrangement and proportions of the wind chopper and wind trap allow the structure (wind chute, wind trap, wind visor) to be balanced in the wind. Wind Turbine H {fig. 2) orient the structure against the wind flow. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the air flow pressure acts on the four cylindrical rotor blades 1, 2, 3, 4, generating torque on the axis A. The rotation is transmitted through the multiplier to the generator G. The windbreaker C (Fig. 2) is completed by the flap R (Fig. 2). generates a discharge in the passive area of ​​the rotor blades. The wings Ri and R2 also create a discharge in the passive rotor zone to increase wind flow in the active rotor region.

The windscreen H (Figs. 2, 3) may descend parallel to the rotor axis A, rotating about the pivot Z (Figs. 2, 3), or rotate along the lower limit 90 ° to reduce airflow resistance. When a hurricane blows, the windscreen will lower and turn and the wind generator design will be in the lowest airflow resistance position and the rotor may continue to operate in lighter mode (Fig. 5).

This design position (wind deflector, wind deflector, windscreen) reduces wind load on the support stem without stopping the generator.

Thus, the presented wind generator with a cylindrical rotor has substantial differences from the existing ones and is characterized by the following features:

- Shape, number and dimensions of blades. The optimal ratio of blade width to rotor diameter is -1/3, and the blade width to length ratio is -1/4.

- Shape and layout of the wind deflector.

- Shape and layout of the windscreen.

- Rotor support structure.

- Folding and wings.

Such a set of attributes is unknown in the art, which has a sufficiently long history. The absence of data on such equipment ratios and parameters attests to the level of the invention.

Industrial applicability is obvious due to the simplicity of the construction.