A system for purification of domestic household effluent

The present invention relates to waste water treatment plants. Specifically, the present invention describes a system and method for treating domestic wastewater from individual homes and home communities of up to several hundred families. Such purification would be sufficient to operate the drainage system in the toilets and allow the remaining water to drain into the existing drainage systems by removing the biodegradable masses.

Almost all known sewage treatment systems would have to be closed sooner or later to remove sewage sludge that was not fully recycled and collected in treatment tanks. Large municipal farm processing units had sufficient facilities and personnel to carry out this work. However, small systems that are designed for single homes or blocks of houses would be better equipped with facilities that almost completely eliminate organic masses and do not require such maintenance work.

As is well known, environmental requirements are becoming stricter, and the (permissible) disposal of waste such as solids, liquids and even gas is becoming more complex and costly.

In addition to the low levels of carbon dioxide and other gases, methane is known to be produced by the decomposition of sewage sludge. Most often, 0.35 m can be obtained³ methane decomposition per kilogram of sludge. In the United States, methane, produced and emitted by the digestive system of the horn, is being treated as an environmental violation and Congress has set up a study group to determine if anything can be done. interestingly, methane has a higher heat value than any other natural gas other than hydrogen. Nevertheless, in most prior technical systems, the methane formed was emitted and unpleasant odors were emitted. There are areas where municipal regulations prohibit the release of similar gases into the atmosphere.

Methods and devices for recycling domestic wastewater are described in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,172,034 to Carlsson et al. 4,812,237 (Cawley); 5,114,586 (Humphrey) and 5,342,523 (Kuwashima).

Carlsson describes a device that processes easily flowing pollutants with a dry weight of 1-15%, preferably 5-10%. Such a diluted contaminant may require a longer treatment time to achieve aerobic digestion in the reaction tank with aeration; but the Carlsson device has the advantage of being compact.

Humphrey shows a complex purification system with multiple reservoirs, five of which have multiple air inlets. The resulting high air consumption forces the installation of a large fan or compressor, which will require high cost and noise reduction. Another problem found in the Humphrey system is finding space and space for the components of the described system in a residential building.

Cawley described and stated the process of domestic wastewater treatment and recycling, which involves several steps:

(a) forming a first stream of sewage from domestic kitchen sewage;

(b) anaerobic digestion of said first effluent stream in a first septic tank;

(c) forming a second wastewater stream from the domestic laundry and bath wastewater;

(d) collecting water from steps (b), (c) and (h);

(e) anaerobic digestion of water of step (d) in a second septic tank;

(f) pumping water from step (e) through a biological sand filter under aerobic conditions;

(g) pumping the biologically filtered water of step (f) through an ultrafilter to divide the biologically filtered water into a holding stream and a permeable stream;

(h) returning said maintained flow to step (d);

(i) disinfecting said penetrating stream;

(j) returning a first portion of a penetrated disinfected stream for household laundry and bathing purposes;

(k) separating the second portion of the penetrated disinfected stream into a low salinity portion and a high salinity portion;

(l) returning low-salinity portion to home cooking; and (m) ejection of the high salinity moiety.

Kuwashima proposed a pair of separation tanks that are used to sequentially separate flotation or sedimentation materials; the organic matter is transferred to a third tank for aerobic digestion. Such a device lacks the means for crushing large particles into small particles for efficient partitioning.

In view of the state of the art, one object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of previous small wastewater treatment systems and to provide a system and process that removes organic particles to a level that would normally require no additional waste disposal within the next ten years.

Another object of the present invention is to reduce water consumption in families living in buildings that have a similar system. This reduction is not only reflected in the cost of water use, but also by the reduction in the cost of draining water, which is often counted as part of the cost of water use.

Yet another object of the present invention is to eliminate the inconvenience caused by the release of methane into the atmosphere and to reduce energy consumption by utilizing the gas obtained during the decomposition process as fuel for at least one of the pumps in the system.

The present invention achieves the aforesaid objects by providing a system for the treatment and treatment of domestic wastewater by removing organic waste masses, which comprises means for separate collection of first and second domestic wastewater components, wherein the first wastewater component comprises toilet wastewater and bath, shower, sink, laundry, kitchen dishwashing and similar effluents form the second component of the effluent; first and second dual-use reservoirs, each having at least one inlet and outlet ducts and so constructed that, while one of said reservoirs receives the first effluent component and acts as a collection and deposition reservoir, the remaining reservoir acts as an anaerobic reaction the reservoir and the reservoir acting as an anaerobic reaction reservoir, whereby the volume of the sewage sludge there is greatly reduced due to its conversion to compost and gas, where the gas collection and outlet are provided at the top of each of said reservoirs; first valve means for diverting the first effluent component to that dual-purpose reservoir currently used as a collection and deposition reservoir and for isolating the dual-use reservoir to act as an anaerobic reaction reservoir; at least one aerobic reaction tank coupled to obtain a suspension of water float organic masses from said collection and settling tank having a solids content of from about 15% to about 35% at a temperature between -6 ° C and 92 ° C, while maintaining said suspension consistency; at least one aerator coupled to the aerobic reaction tank for oxidation of the suspension; a first suction device operating at least in part due to the re-suspension of the gas produced in the anaerobic reaction tank from said aerobic reaction tank via said aerator to maintain the oxygen level in the aerobic reaction tank for at least 1 part per thousand; a separation and settling tank receiving an aerated and bioaerobically reacted suspension from the aerobic reaction tank; a first filtration outlet for removing purified water from said separation tank; a second outlet for pumping the precipitated suspension particles from the separation and settling tank into a dual-use collecting and settling tank; a lower container receiving said second component; an overhead tank supplying water for the flushing system in the toilet; and a second suction device for transferring said second component from the lower container to the upper container.

The invention is further provided by providing a first container for receiving a treatment and purification system, a water receiving container having an open upper surface, from which a foam floating on the surface of the water flows out of the reservoir and the water and foam are further used in the flushing system.

Other embodiments of the invention will be described below.

The present invention also provides a process for the treatment and treatment of domestic wastewater and the removal of solid organic waste using said system, wherein:

(a) collect separately toilet waste water as the first component and bath, shower, wash basin, laundry, kitchen dishwasher waste water as a second component in the living environment;

(b) first and second dual-use tanks for the device, each having at least one inlet and outlet ducts and so constructed that when one of said reservoirs receives the first component of the effluent and acts as a collection and deposition reservoir, the remaining reservoir acts as the anaerobic reaction tank and the tank acting as an anaerobic reaction tank undergo a decomposition process in which the volume of sewage sludge contained in it, greatly reduced by converting sludge into compost and gas, providing for collection and gas exit at the top of each of said reservoirs;

c) first valve means of the device for directing the effluent component to that dual-use reservoir currently used as a collection and deposition reservoir and isolating the remaining reservoir for conversion by acting as an anaerobic reaction reservoir;

d) providing at least one aerobic reaction tank connected to a suspension of an aqueous flotation organic mass from a collection and settling tank having a mass content of about 15-35% and a reaction temperature maintained between -6 ° C and 92 ° C, fluid consistency;

e) providing at least one aerator coupled to said aerobic reaction tank for the oxidation of the suspension;

f) providing first pumping units which are powered, at least in part, by gas generated in the anaerobic reaction tank and re-feed the suspension from the aerobic reaction tank via an aerator, maintaining the oxygen level in said aerobic reaction tank at least 1 part per thousand;

(g) a device separation tank for receiving an aerated and bioaerobically reacted suspension from the aerobic reaction tank; purifying the purified water through the first filtration outlet of the separation tank and pumping the suspension particles from the separation vessel into the dual-use collection and settling tank via the second outlet;

(h) a lower container for receiving the second component;

(i) the upper receptacle of the device which supplies water to the flushing system in the toilet; and

(j) providing a second suction device for transferring the second component from the lower container to the upper container.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a reaction in an aerobic reaction tank at a temperature of 16 ° C to 42 ° C.

The optimum treatment and purification system of the present invention further comprises means for collecting, from a source, a third component of the kitchen water and passing it through a scraping unit to separate organic and other waste from the kitchen water component. Said best embodiments also include devices for diverting separated organic and other wastes from the kitchen water component to one of said dual-use tanks. In this way, the waste removal parts can be installed in the kitchen sinks, keeping in mind that the outflow from them will not block the drainage system, so that the waste components will be recycled and directed to one of the double-action tanks for anaerobic digestion (as described). dual-use tanks should contain cellulose-processing bacteria that do not inhibit the work of anaerobic bacteria.

It is understood that a significant economic effect will be achieved by connecting a network of sewage pipes from the neighborhood to the network. Residents will be able to save by paying for certain water use and not paying for the removal of wastewater. A saving of 60 liters of water per person per day can be achieved. High quality water can be stored for uses that are particularly needed, such as drinking, cooking and bathing.

The invention will now be described with reference to specific embodiments, with reference to the illustrative drawings, for better understanding.

With particular reference to the details (positions) in the drawings, it is emphasized that the features shown are merely exemplary and illustrated in order to illustrate more clearly preferred embodiments of the present invention and are shown to more effectively and easily explain the entirety of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. As a result, no attempt has been made to show the details of the construction of the invention in more detail than is necessary for understanding the invention when various forms of the practice of the invention become apparent to those skilled in the art in conjunction with the drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of a cleaning system of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of said system showing utilization of the gas produced;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a cleaning system portion showing the shredding elements;

Fig.4 is a schematic diagram of a third variant of a part of the purification system with additional filtration units;

FIG. 5, a scheme of the best option for cleaning the system with a specially fitted overhead tank;

Fig.6 is a schematic diagram of a variant of a treatment system in which electricity is generated using a water turbine;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an additional embodiment of a purification system with a sewage sludge removal device;

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a part of a purification system with means for collecting the kitchen wastewater component and for separating it from the waste component;

FIG. 9, when the anaerobic tank is heated.

Description of Best Options (Examples)

As shown in Figs. 1, System 1 is intended for the treatment and treatment of domestic wastewater and removes solid organic waste.

Separation drainage means 2, 3 serve for separate collection of household wastewater components of the first and second settlements. Toilet wastewater forms the first component of wastewater, while baths, showers, sinks, laundry, kitchen dishwashers and the like form the second component of wastewater.

The drainage means 2 are connected to the first valve means 4, which in turn are connected to the inlet channels 5, 6 of the first and second dual-use tanks 7, 8. Each of these reservoirs also has two outlet channels 9, 10, 11, 12 and both are of the same construction. When using the first valve arrangement 4, the reservoirs 7, 8 are adapted to perform alternative functions: while, for example, the reservoir 7 acts as a collection and deposition reservoir, the other reservoir 8 acts as an anaerobic reaction reservoir for composting.

The reservoir 8 acts as an anaerobic reaction reservoir, being isolated by the first valve means 4 and 6, and performs a decomposition process whereby the volume of the sewage sludge 13 is greatly reduced. The upper outlet duct 12 has a one-way valve (not shown) used to remove flammable gas 14 that is generated during the decomposition process. The utilization of gas 14 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The cap 15 is provided in the reservoirs 7, 8 for biological application

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component into any of the dual-use tanks, in this example to 7, which is used as a collection and deposition tank during processing. The first valve units 4 operate when a significant amount of solid masses is accumulated in the reservoir

7, which is used as a collection and deposition tank during the process. Valve units 4 have a successful operating period of one year, and most often a three-year period under normal operating conditions.

Aerobic reaction tank 16, connected to a suspension of water-floating organic masses from the collection and settling tank 7. The solid mass composition is maintained at about 15-35% and the reaction temperature is -6 ° C to 92 ° C. The suspension is maintained in a smooth consistency.

In order to oxidize the suspension, the aerator 17 is connected to the reservoir 16. High concentrations of solids result in effective aeration. The wide range of permissible temperatures corresponds to the vital temperature of the active bacteria which are responsible for the decomposition of the organic waste.

The first suction units 18, such as a centrifugal inertial pump, repeatedly feed the dilution from the aerobic reaction tank through the aerator 17 to maintain oxygen in the tank 16 for at least 1 part per thousand. level. The first suction units 18 operate, at least in part, thanks to the gas produced in the anaerobic reaction tank 8.

The first suction units 18 are more efficient if they can cause vigorous mixing and thus reduce suspended solids. This can be achieved in a conventional manner by using a powerful pump and running it at a speed exceeding that required, subject only to the aeration requirements.

The separation tank 19 receives an aerated suspension, after the bioaerobic reaction, from the aerobic reaction tank 16.

Further, sedimentation and aggregation of solids takes place in this reservoir.

A sewage sludge pump 20 suitable for handling fluid materials passes this material through a second outlet 21 for pumping particles from the separation tank 19 through the first valve means 4 to the dual-use collection and settling tank 7 in this example.

The filtration outlet at the filter 22 serves to remove the purified water from the separation tank 19. The filter 22 also has means for automatic filter control. The quality of the purified water depends on the quality of the filtration unit 22.

The second component enters the lower receptacle 23 connected to the drainage means 3.

The overhead 24 provides water for the flushing system in the toilet. The tank 24 has a second suction device 25 which transfers water from the lower tank 23. The excess water required for the flushing system in the toilet is sufficiently cleaned to be flushed through the pipe 26. If the tank 24 requires more water than it receives from the system at any time at a specified time, additional water can then be fed to the upper tank from the main source (not shown).

In the remaining drawings, similar figures are used to denote the same parts.

Fig. 2 shows part of the same treatment and purification system 1 described in Fig. 1, respectively.

The gas 14 obtained in the dual-use reservoirs (only one of which is shown 8) is collected in the reservoir 27, compressed by a compressor 28, held at the appropriate pressure in the reservoir 29, and used at least partially to operate the first suction units 18 1 works by using less electricity and, what is important in the city's ceremony, reduces the appearance of odors.

The main component, usually 57-67% of the gas produced, is methane. Almost all the residue 'is carbon dioxide. The calorific value of such a gas mixture is 5000 to 6100 kcal / m³ . Compressed gas is fed to an internal combustion engine 30 which is well protected against internal corrosion. The motor 30 is connected to the first suction device 18 which, in turn, can also operate from the electric motor 31 when the gas 14 cannot be used for any reason, for example during start-up. Alternatively, and in addition, said gas can be converted into electricity or used in a burner for direct heating of water.

FIG. 3 shows a part of a second embodiment of a purification system 32 having means for crushing solid masses in a first effluent component.

The pumped suspension is re-passed through stationary cutting plates (blades) 33 to reduce the size of the suspended solids moving in the aeration cycle. In this way, a particle size reduction of up to 1.5 mm is achieved; increasing solids surface area, which promotes efficient aeration.

FIG. 4 shows a portion 34 of a third embodiment of a cleaning system with filtration units.

The channel 35 of the lower water storage tank 36 is connected to a filter 37 for removing water. Filtrated in the upper tank 38 and in the drainage system. Water used for horticultural purposes, 39.

the discharge of solid masses of water from the water is considered to be used in toilet excess can

The entry of small solids into the flushing system is not forbidden, but it is still useful to remove those particles to prevent malfunction of the flushing system 40.

FIG. Figure 5 shows a portion 41 of an optimum cleaning system having special arrangements in the upper water storage tank 42.

The upper water storage tank 42 has a first water receiving container 43 having an open surface 44. The water in the container 43 contains grease, detergent powder which is found in the second soap and drain.

Container water 43 Foam 46 floats in the water component.

is stirred under the action of the pump 45 and foams the surface of the water into the container 43 and, together with the excess water, enters the reservoir 47. Surface water and foam 46 are taken from the reservoir 47 when needed for flushing in the toilet.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention wherein the water turbine 48 generates electricity.

The treatment and purification system 49 generates electricity for use in the system by means of a turbine 48 in a downwardly sloping reservoir 51 in a water pipe 50.

The rechargeable electric batteries 52 connected to the pump motor 53 provide power accumulation so that the first pumping means 18 shown in Fig. 1 can be controlled when no gas or main source can be used. In additional embodiments (not shown), electricity is additionally generated using solar cells or a wind engine, the choice of which depends on the location in which the system will be installed.

FIG. 7 shows a fragment 54 of a treatment and purification system having means for transporting sewage sludge 13. The first and second dual-use tanks 55, 56 have additional inlets 57, 58 and additional outlets 59, 60 for lowering sludge 13, which accumulates at the bottom of the tanks 55, 56. Each reservoir has a pump 61, 62 capable of pumping this material. The sludge is fed from a double-action reservoir (57, for example), and is further collected and deposited in the reservoir (58 in this example) for use in anaerobic digestion. Activation (for example 61) of the pump for this embodiment is effected via control panel 63 and is automatically triggered by rotation of the first valve means 64.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of system 65 including means 66 for separate collection from a source in a third kitchen water component 67 which is passed through a scraping assembly 68, which may be a static or dynamic filtration unit separating organic and other waste components 69. the remaining elements are the same as those described in Figs. 2.

It will be appreciated that the water exiting the filter and separating device 19 and entering the vessel 23 may not only circulate by means of the pump 25, but may exit the system to be used for other purposes, depending on the degree of purification of the water.

As mentioned earlier, such a design allows efficient use of waste disposal units installed in kitchen sinks.

In this embodiment, the dual-use reservoir 8 contains not only anaerobic bacteria but also cellulose-consuming bacteria, such as Trychonympha, which can function in concert with anaerobic bacteria without suppressing one another.

FIG. 9 shows a portion of a modified system 70 similar to that described above in FIG. 1, respectively, but accelerating the anaerobic digestion process. The anaerobic digestion reactor 71 has a spaced triple wall 72, 73, 74 formed around each of said reservoirs 71 to form two outer concentric chambers 75 and 76 for supplying fluid to regulate the temperature of the reservoirs. Preferably, adjacent to said reservoir 71, the chamber 75 is filled with oily liquids 77 and the chamber 76 is connected through an outlet and inlets 78, 79 to an aqueous liquid 80 source 81 to heat a reactor 71 for heating the liquid from the heat source. It can be heated either electrically or by burning some of the methane 82 produced in the reactor 71.

Heating the reactor 71 accelerates the decomposition process and also results in decomposition of materials that cannot be completely decomposed at room temperature. Such devices are more suitable for systems used in cold climates. In addition, the rate of decomposition in the reactor 71 may be controlled by controlling the temperature of the aqueous fluid 80 in the chamber 76, the aqueous fluid of the chamber further serving to heat or cool the oil fluid 77 which further warms or cools the reactor 71. The hot water is removed from the chamber 76 and can be replaced, if necessary, with a cooler aqueous fluid, preferably using inlet and outlet pipes (not shown).

It should be noted that plumbing pipes connect different elements of the system and their outputs can be made as double wall pipes. The system shall, in addition, be provided with means for draining the exterior walls of said pipes of liquid water flowing.

for internal supply and for warming them up

Additionally, the gas produced in the reactor 71 may be fed to a burner for heating water circulating between the inner and outer walls of the tubes; warm water may also be supplied to said pipes under pressure so that it can be quickly drained if necessary.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the foregoing explanations and illustrative examples, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments set forth and discussed herein are to be understood in all respects as illustrative, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as set forth in the specification, and also encompassing all equivalent modifications.