Timbering, making of many connected light elements and method for melting, to be use the timbering

The present invention relates to a formwork which comprises a plurality of interconnected elements for casting walls or similar structures, the type of which is defined in p. 1. The present invention also relates to the application of said formwork members as set forth in the claims of the invention. 9th

Casting of foundations, retaining walls, ordinary walls, panels or ceilings from concrete or other similar hardening materials using elements of the formwork consisting of wooden elements requires a laborious labor and time consuming. Such wooden elements have a heavy weight and are uncomfortable to use. They have to be transported by vehicles with a lifting device. These elements must be secured to each other with special locks. During their use, working operations such as transfer, erection, dismantling, lubrication are necessary and their storage must be made possible.

In addition, manufactured brick blocks and elements require high labor costs at the manufacturing plant, are expensive to transport, and require high costs to build and then process brick walls.

Known technical solutions are described in Norwegian patent no. 46428, 'in DE-OS 2213358, DE-AS 1684357, U.S. Patent No. 2184714, DE, C 23234489, DE, Al, 3727956, WO. Al 82/04188, DE, A 1812590, DE, C2, 3003446, SE, 206538, as well as FP-A-1603005.

The patent NO-PS 46428 describes a form formed by interconnecting them with a sequence. Because the coupling devices used in this known form are of a certain design, they can only be used as formwork for single columns. This shape may not be used for continuous walls or reinforcing elements in the form of horizontal and Carba) diagonal bars. In addition, this patent discloses that adjacent sections or members are joined together by means of interconnected reinforcing devices which are firmly connected to one another.

DE-OS 2213358 is assigned to a flexible reinforced form,

LT 3575 B ^ε which is not supportive, casings ui. It is used in combination with a wall of wood sawdust arranged vertically and therefore exhibits essentially the same drawbacks as the shape of the door cavities.

DE-AS 1684357 also relates to a flexible non-support sheath divided into interconnected sections which are connected to each other by means of fastening devices which tightly clamp the sections to one another. This known forming system prevents the production of continuous walls and, moreover, prevents the construction of transverse or intersecting reinforcing bars.

US-PS 2184714 does not relate to a formwork, but relates to precast reinforced cast concrete elements. When such concrete elements and blocks are used in construction, locking bars are used to keep adjacent blocks adjacent to each other in the prefabricated structure.

Patent DE, C2, 324489 is constructive in many respects to the above-mentioned Norwegian Patent No. 46428. In these variants, this structure cannot be used in place of the formwork.

Patent DE, Al, 3727956 discloses formwork elements made of lightweight concrete that can be bonded to one another. In many respects, these known elements, although elongated, are similar to the known concrete blocks mentioned above.

WO, Al, 82/04088 proposes construction methods for pouring a concrete product using a stationary in-place laying. The formwork is not a load-bearing unit, and the formwork that is built is actually a simple, thick-walled formwork that uses common connecting elements.

The construction elements described in patent DE, A, 1812590. The entire formwork design requires the use of several elements of different shapes. These non-uniform elements must be interconnected by tensioning devices while requiring a large amount of loose parts in the formwork.

In block DE, C2, 3003446, block-type formwork elements have been described previously and have the same drawbacks.

The patent SE 206538 describes a hollow device or building panels which do not have interconnected cavities consisting of adjacent panels and also have no protruding joining devices of the type 3575 B.

Patent FP, A, 1603005 discloses a formwork having two flexible walls on opposite sides which can be prefabricated. The flexible walls of this known formwork consist of interconnected thin-walled tubular members made of C-sectional profile. The assembled longitudinal portion of one of the formwork members forms an adjacent pair of adjacent portions of the formwork which have no openings in the common partition for said pair of adjacent members of the formwork. In the preferred embodiment, these known formwork members are made of S cloth. In one of the examples of this patent, it is proposed to produce formwork elements from flexible, rolled metal panels. In this case, the formwork elements are, of course, load-bearing. According to this French patent, the following tubular connection methods are proposed: sewing, gluing and welding.

According to French patent FP, A, 1603005 the formwork elements have no interconnecting openings for free flow of concrete, in addition, as described, the openings surrounding each element, as well as the partitions between adjacent elements, must be filled in sequentially. the interlocking elements of the backfill shall be fixed or suspended between the upper and lower fastening elements. This circumstance, as well as the aforementioned interconnection techniques, make it difficult to construct, lay and, in addition, complicate the concrete pouring process. The absence of joint holes in the built formwork prevents the use of internal, horizontal and CarbaD transverse reinforcing bars. In this embodiment, the formwork tubular elements made of rolled metal will take up a lot of space for transportation and storage on top.

According to the present invention there is provided a formwork made of interconnected elements which can be joined together by forming, for example, wall formwork, which can be filled with concrete or other hardening material, and which material can flow freely between the formwork. elements which result in a continuous structure which, when the formwork is in place of C is not removedZ), is covered with a material such as plastic.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide disadvantages which are known in the art

EN 3575 B 4 removal or substantial restriction.

Brief Description of the Invention

The object of the present invention is achieved by the difference in formwork structure, the element of which is described in the definition of the invention, p.1. Mentioned. the features of the application of formwork elements for famine are described in p. 9th

Basically stack cylindrical elements according to the invention connected to each other in such a hunger that they form, for example, wall while laying which, by filling it with concrete, allowing it to flow freely between the formwork cylindrical elements "., Resulting in the curing of concrete to form concrete column of forming a wall.

By using the formwork of the present invention, smaller amounts of concrete can be poured around the reinforcing bars compared to known formwork, since the airtight elements of the formwork are impermeable to water.

Casting of foundations eliminates the need to use along the foundation so-called foundation plastics, and also saves plaster, mortar, and eliminates the need to cover openings by joining elements.

The preferred material for the formwork made of a cylindrical element according to the present invention is poly (vinyl chloride) plastic, which has a high impact resistance and has a thickness of about 1mm as this material will give the concrete structure surface the most attractive appearance. other analogous material with corresponding properties and CarbaD-defined wall thickness.

Since the elements have a cylindrical shape, they are sufficiently resistant to bending. The shape of the cross-section may be round, oval or polygon C. For example, octagon, SeSi-rectangle and the like.3, and the corners are rounded. The cross-section may be square.

The formwork elements or their outer parts which are removed after use in accordance with the present invention may be retained after they have been poured into concrete. In the case where the formwork is left after filling, it is desirable to use it in the manufacture of a plastic surface-treated material, while eliminating the need for surface care. after pouring clojini.

The formwork elements of the present invention have a very low weight while the rigidity allows them to be stabilized by placing elements on top of concrete 3535 B on top of each other while reducing volume and weight, which drops to 98> S compared to previously known formwork.

When casting foundations, the cylindrical elements of the formwork are placed together on a cast foundation or simply on gravel. In the case where the ready-made structure is to be reinforced, reinforcing bars can serve as reinforcements, vertical, horizontal or angular, as they can be obtained when laying. For the construction of the reinforcement duck, each formwork element has separate holes, i. reinforcing bars are inserted horizontally or at an angle, and vertical reinforcing bars pass through the open ends of the formwork, where concrete filling begins. Hardened done. A simple home for one Seimas foundation can be one person in one business day.

Further, according to the present invention, mortar casting operations using cylindrical thin-walled formwork elements require a lower amount of priming work compared to the use of framed formwork.

During the wall entry, the ground is removed to its freezing depth, whereupon the formwork elements are placed in place, joined together and reinforced. If the top of the retaining wall is to be horizontal or rounded, the formwork elements shall be trimmed accordingly.

The low weight and inherent elasticity of the formwork elements allow quick and easy connection, for example, of two formwork elements in an upright position. If such a connection is to be made, it is desirable that every second lower formwork element be located above the center level of the elements so that the joints are displaced vertically.

Formwork material, such as polyvinyl chloride plastic, may be painted.

The formwork elements of the present invention can be used in mortar pouring operations over and under water, for example in the construction of marinas and the like. For underwater pouring, all reinforcement can be installed on the S-formwork, eliminating the need for divers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 and 2 are views of the standard element and the angular element i S vi r Saus according to the first embodiment.

Fig. Fig. 3 is an illustration of five interconnected formwork elements i S vi r Saus C (four standard elements and one corner element) according to the embodiment shown in Figs.

Fig. 4 is a top view of two interconnected formwork elements in accordance with the second embodiment.

Fig. 5 shows five interconnected formwork elements isometrically according to Fig. Option 4.

Fig. Figure 6 shows the formwork. The side wall of elements 4 and 5, in addition, the Si wall connects with the adjacent element.

Fig. 7 isometrically presented two formwork elements before joining them according to the third variant.

Fig. Fig. 8 isometrically presented laterally of the three formwork elements after the joining of the elements according to the variant. 7, image.

Fig. Fig. 9 is an angular view of three interconnected formwork elements from above.

Fig. 10 isometrically represented formwork according to variant »in fig. 1-3.

Figure 11 is a top view showing various frame elements shown in Figure 11. 1-3 and 10, Assembly Bodes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the three embodiments shown in Figures 1-3, IO and 11; Figures 4-6 and 7-9, respectively, denote the same elements and positions by the same number.

In the first embodiment, Fig. C. Headings 1 to 3, 10 and 113 1 indicate extended, »

a cylindrical standard formwork member, and position 1 denotes an angular member having substantially the same shape. Elements 1.1 have open ends.

The cylindrical elements 1.1 of the formwork have an octagonal cross-section with rounded corners.

The standard element 1 has two opposing sides on the opposite side for connecting the 3535 B live devices. The connecting device has T-shaped stands 2 and T-grooves respectively.

3. Corner elements Cpav.2 and 11} have respective connecting devices 2 and 3 arranged in pairs on each side. Connection with »» stands 2, 2 and groove 3,3 is shown in fig. 3 and>

11. It is clear that the angular member 1 may, in another embodiment, have coupling devices only on two or three sides spaced 90 ° to each other.

Fig. In embodiments 1-3, 10 and 11, each formwork element e has, in one side part, a hole 4, 4 which may extend throughout the height of the formwork element and in the other side part C as seen in a cross section} which is angled in elements like

O *} with respect to the aforementioned side portion having holes 4.4, holes 6 are made equidistant to each other in Cpav. 10} and are intended for concrete passage between>

formwork interconnected elements 1.1.

>

The formwork elements 1.1 are made of polyvinyl chloride plastic, cardboard or similar material with corresponding properties. The wall thickness can be about 1 mm. The shape of Ci 1 gives the formwork elements a high degree of rigidity without bending, without losing their elastic and elastic properties.

»

The apertures 4, 4 give the elements elastic properties and allow them to be tabulated by inserting the elements, which is important during transport.

»

Fig. 11 shows some elements of the formwork 1, 1 shown in FIG. 1-3 and 10, assembly variations. At the top of this figure are three interconnected standard elements 1. Because they are elastic, they can be arranged at any curve and angle. Bottom fig. Part 11 presents the jointing of the angular elements in the longitudinal and lateral directions, which allows to increase the dimensions of the formwork without changing their individual cross-section.

> >

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4-6, the elements of the formwork 1 are round and cylindrical with a hole 4 corresponding to it. holes 4, 4, form, »>

by virtue of which each individual element of the formwork 1 has a C-shaped carcass.

> >

On the outside of the elements of the formwork 1 are interconnecting devices consisting of stands 5 having a fork-shaped cross-section.

partially Incorporated into, which produces a constant

Such connecting stands S are disposed and shaped such that they are adjacent to the element. 1 analogue knob. °^vaIt may engage with one another when one element 1 »» 1 is formed in the formwork 4 of the adjacent element 1 in the longitudinal opening 4.

* »

The part of the wall of each element of the formwork 1, facing the opening »4, has evenly spaced openings 6 Cpav. 62), between which there are also openings for placing horizontal Carba diagonal (Z) or »» rods (Cpav.52). The holes 4, 6 provide> »the possibility of free passage of concrete between the element 1» »>

Fig. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7-9, the elements of the formwork 1 have different cross-sections varying in length U, the shape of which is determined by the structure of the connecting devices.

> > >

Fig. Fig. 7 shows two elements of the formwork 1 before joining them.

Each of these formwork elements on the opposite sides has a row »»>

perforations 8, which are displaced axially in each element 1 by an element 8 disposed on the opposite side of the element, thereby allowing the areas 9 between the perforations 8 of one element to be joined to the adjacent element apertures 8. Such joining is secured by vertical locking rods 10.

Fig. 9 shows a formwork angle in which the corner element>> »» »>» differs slightly from the standard element 1 »» »». The pin element 1 is provided with interconnecting piers on two sides spaced 90 ° to each other.

Although the connecting elements shown are, for example:

5, are sufficiently strong, but when filled with concrete, these joints 5 between the formwork elements are reinforced by the load exerted by the concrete.

Tests that have been conducted with the formwork elements of the present invention have shown that, despite being lightweight and lightweight in the wall, these elements are capable of withstanding the loads that occur during concrete pouring. The formwork elements of the present invention can replace the overall formwork for many practical purposes. The foundations and retaining walls can only be considered as examples of application of the present invention. These formwork elements can be used to pass through panels or roofs. In this case, the top of the wall of the formwork element must have cavities for concrete filling.

It is possible to imagine the use of pre-assembled formwork groups, where different groups of elements form a single formwork.

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she thinks.

Where p walls and drawings have been noted earlier, the present invention is also different. hunger for structural casting using the elements previously described.

offered for laying,