Copper complex bactericide/fungicide and method of making same

The present invention relates generally to bactericides and fungicides, and more particularly to a bactericide / fungicide based on a complex of copper and partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid.

Bactericides / fungicides are known as agents used to protect agricultural crops from damage caused by pathogenic bacteria / fungi. The use of such products is determined by the heavy losses caused by these organisms. In order to be economical in stopping plant diseases, the price of the bactericide / fungicide product must be compensated by the increased yield and quality.

Agricultural bactericides / fungicides contain a variety of agents, including wetting powders, concentrates for emulsions, water based and bulk dry agents (also known as water dispersible granules). Dry bulk products are generally dust-free, free-flowing granular products. Dry bulk products have become the most popular among consumers because they have the advantages of longer shelf life, are essentially dust-free, easy to dispense, have a higher active ingredient content, and are more conveniently packaged than other products.

Copper based bactericides / fungicides are widely used in agriculture. Some known copper based dry bulk products are: Kocide DF, available from Griffin Corporation of Valdosta, Georgia; Blueshield DF and Nu-Cop WDG, available from Micro Fio Company of Lakeiand, Florida; Sandoz COC DF andSandoz Cu₂And DF, available from Sandoz Ltd from Switzerland.

Copper hydroxide itself is unstable. However, it is known that copper hydroxide can be stabilized by phosphate treatment. U.S. Pat. No. Re. No. 24,324 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) relates to a method for stabilizing copper hydroxide. U.S. Pat. No. 3,428,731 (the disclosure of which is also incorporated herein by reference) is directed to dispersions of phosphate-stabilized copper hydroxide. This patent discloses that aqueous dispersions of copper hydroxide treated with highly finely divided phosphate can be prepared by carefully adjusting the pH of the dispersion and the calcium hardness of the aqueous carrier. The patent also discloses that a dispersant (about 1-3% by weight of the aqueous carrier) should be added before the phosphate-treated copper hydroxide is added. Suitable dispersing agents are disclosed as containing sodium lignosulfonate, polymeric carboxylic acid sodium salt, sulfonated naphthalene, technical protein colloid, fatty dimethylobenzylammonium chloride, polymerized alkyl arylsulfonic acid sodium salt, naphthenic acid mono-carboxylate, .

Previously known copper-based bactericidal / fungicidal products require relatively high levels of copper to effectively control the disease. This relatively high copper content reduces cost efficiency, causes soil residue problems and raises phytotoxicity potential. In addition, the cost of producing these known products is not always efficient.

Complexes of copper (II) ions with partially neutralized polyacrylic acid and partially neutralized polymethacrylic acid in aqueous media are known. See.

e.g., F. Wall and S. Gili Interaction of Cupric Ions with Polyacrylic Acid, J. American Chem, Coc., Vol. 77, p.3692 (955). To date, it has not been known that copper complexes with partially neutralized polycarboxylic acids have bactericidal and fungicidal properties. Specifically, such complexes were previously unknown as effective bactericides or fungicides for use in agriculture; yet also as intrinsically non-phytotoxic. In addition, such complexes were previously not known to be effective bactericides or fungicides against copper-tolerant bacteria.

Therefore, there is a need for baltericidal / fungicidal products having biological activity, particularly against copper tolerant bacteria, and essentially non-phytotoxic.

The present invention addresses the above-described needs by providing an improved bactericide / fungicide and an improved method of production. The improved bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is prepared by preparing an aqueous solution of a partially neutralized, water-soluble polycarboxylic acid having a molecular weight between about 1000 and 300000 and a pH between about 3 and 9. To this aqueous solution is added a copper-containing compound which, when mixed with said aqueous solution, liberates the copper (II) ions which form a water-soluble complex with said partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid.

The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is used to control plant diseases by applying to plants a bactericide / fungicide consisting essentially of a copper complex with a partially neutralized, water-soluble polycarboxylic acid having a molecular weight of between about 1000 and 300000 and a pH of about 3 and 9.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved bactericide / fungicide and an improved method for its production.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which is substantially non-phytotoxic to the target plants.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which can be made from various sources of copper.

Yet another fungicide which is suitable for the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / which can be used to kill bacteria in copper.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which can be used to control diseases of plants and crops damaged by conventional copper-based bactericides / fungicides when used in optimal ratios.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which is substantially water soluble so that it can be relatively easily removed from the crop and the plants to be applied so that it can be applied to the crop, later, during the growth cycle and / or harvesting.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which does not leave colored residues on the crop or plants to which it is applied.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which is useful for foliage - for the control of diseases.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which requires a lower amount of copper for the same level of protection that would be provided by a copper hydroxide based bactericide / fungicide.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a bactericide / fungicide which can be used to treat seeds prior to planting.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bactericide / fungicide which will stop the growth of bacteria and / or fungi on substrates of various materials.

These and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the disclosed embodiments, the accompanying drawings, and the definition of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. graph of the concentration dependence of copper concentration on neutralized polyacrylic acid at 1% w / w (solids) for three different sources of copper.

FIG. graph of the concentration dependence of copper concentration on neutralized polycarboxylic acids at 1% (solids) concentration for three different polycarboxylic acids.

FIG. plot of copper concentration versus concentration of neutralized polycarboxylic acid (solids) for three different polycarboxylic acids.

FIG. plots of copper concentration versus pH of neutralized polycarboxylic acid solutions for three different polycarboxylic acids.

FIG. graph of the concentration dependence of copper on pH neutralized polyacrylic acid for three different neutralizing agents.

FIG. Graph of Alternaria solani colony diameter (mm) calculated from copper concentration md for three different sources of copper.

The present invention relates to an improved agricultural bactericidal / fungicidal agent and to a copper based bactericidal / fungicidal product. The novel product of the present invention offers improved biological activity compared to typical copper-based products while requiring less copper in its composition. Reduced copper content reduces the contribution of bactericidal / fungicidal agent to 1 copper accumulation in soil. The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is also substantially non-phytotoxic to the plants to which it is applied; and especially when compared to other water-soluble copper-based agents.

The bactericidal / fungicidal agent may be prepared according to the present invention in the following steps. An aqueous solution of polycarboxylic acid is prepared by mixing water-soluble polycarboxylic acid with water. The term polycarboxylic acid as used herein refers to homopolymers and copolymers of carboxylic acids. The aqueous solution of polycarboxylic acid is partially neutralized with the base material. To a water-soluble, partially neutralized polycarboxylic solution is added a copper-containing compound which, when added to the aqueous solution, releases copper (II) ions (or copper ions) which will react with the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid to form a complex immediately. The resulting copper complex will be substantially water-soluble.

As disclosed herein, the weights of the copper and polycarboxylic acid components are defined as percentages by weight of the aqueous solution (unless specifically stated otherwise). The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention may be formulated as a dry mixture by drying the resulting aqueous solution. Obviously, when the water is removed from the aqueous solution of the copper complex, the percentage weight of copper and polycarboxylic acid will change. However, these changes will be easily calculated by one skilled in the art based on the percent weights of the components in the aqueous solution.

Polycarboxylic acids useful in the present invention include polycarboxylic acids having a molecular weight of between about 1000 and 300000; preferably between about 2000 and 50,000. The exact structure of the polycarboxylic acid is not critical to the present invention. Examples of polycarboxylic acids useful in the present invention include polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid and acrylamide acid and methacrylamide acid and acrylic ether acid and methacrylic acid and acid and carboxymethyl cellulose, maleic acid and butadiene copolymers, maleic acid and maleic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride.

polymethacrylic copolymers, copolymers, copolymers, copolymers, copolymers, copolymers, acid, acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acrylic acid esters anhydride methacrylic malein

Polycarboxylic acids which are not water-soluble themselves can be useful in the present invention by converting a water-insoluble polycarboxylic acid into a water-soluble polycarboxylic acid salt. The methods by which such salts are produced are well known in the art. Generally speaking, however, these salts are prepared by treating the polycarboxylic acid with basic substances such as sodium hydroxide; potassium hydroxide; NaHCO₃; Well₂CO₃; NH₄OH, R₄N⁺OH, wherein R is or CH₃, or C₂H₅; primary amines such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl; secondary amines such as dimethyl, diethyl, di-n-propyl and diisopropyl; and tertiary amines such as trimethyl, triethyl, tri-n-propyl.

There is no specific upper limit for the concentration of polycarboxylic acid in aqueous solution. The polycarboxylic acid may be added to water to form a solution in amounts sufficient to react with the copper-containing compound to form a complex immediately. However, as the concentration of polycarboxylic acid increases, the viscosity of the solution also increases. This is particularly true for relatively high molecular weight polycarboxylic acids. In general, it is not desired that the viscosity of the aqueous solution be effectively mixed with the copper

Practically speaking, the polycarboxyl concentrations useful in the present invention are about 0.2 and 80% by weight; preferably between about 0.75 and 20% by weight.

would be great for containing the compound.

acid is between

When polycarboxylic acid is mixed with water to form a solution, the solution usually has an acid pH. A critical aspect of the present invention is that the polycarboxylic acid is partially neutralized with a base material such that the pH of the solution is between about 3 and 9; better between about 3.5 and 5. In general, it has been observed that the amount of copper that can be coupled to the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid is at least partially dependent on the pH of the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid aqueous solution. The concentration of copper in the complex reaches a maximum between the pH values ​​mentioned above. Outside pH 3-9, the amount of copper that will form the complex with the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid is virtually useless.

The nature of the base materials used to neutralize the polycarboxylic acid is not critical to the present invention. Suitable neutralizing agents include sodium hydroxide; potassium hydroxide; NaHCO₃; Well₂CO₃; NH₄OH; R₄⁺OH; wherein R is or CH₃, or C₂H₅; primary amines such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, t-butyl; secondary amines such as dimethyl. diethyl, di-n-propyl and diisopropyl; and tertiary amines such as trimethyl, triethyl and tri-n-propyl.

The resulting partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid is a combination of a polycarboxylic acid copolymer and a polycarboxylic salt thereof, such as sodium polyacrylate. Suitable partially neutralized polycarboxylic acids are commercially available. Such commercially available products include the Goodrite K752 available from BF Goodrich Co. of Cleveland, Ohio. Goodrite K-752 is a polyacrylic acid, partial sodium salt in water of formula (C₃H₄O₂) x (C₃H₃Well, how about₂) y; and DPG-2696 and DISPEX N₄₀, both salts of polymeric carboxylic acid in aqueous solution, available from Allied Colloids, Ine, of Suffolk, Virginia.

Copper-containing compounds useful in the present invention are those which, when mixed with an aqueous solution of partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid, yield copper (II) ions which form a complex with partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid. Copper-containing compounds useful in the present invention include Cu (OH)₂, CuSO₄, Cu (ClO₄)₂, Cu₂O; Cu (NO₃)₂, CuCl₂, copper oxychloride, basic copper carbonate and tribasic copper sulfate. Copper oxychloride has the chemical formula 3Cu (OH)₂, · CuCi₂. Basic copper carbonate has the formula Cu (OH)₂.CuCO₃. Tribasic copper sulfate has the formula 3Cu (OH)₂.CuSO₄.

The copper-containing compound may be either water soluble such as CuSO₄, Cu (C10₄)₂, Cu (NO₃)₂ and CuCl₂, or substantially water-insoluble, such as Cu (OH)₂, Cu₂Oh, tribasic copper sulfate, basic copper carbonate, and copper oxychloride. Water-insoluble copper-containing compounds have not hitherto been known to form complexes.

The copper hydroxide compounds useful in the present invention include both technical copper hydroxide (phosphate stabilized using the process disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 24,324 and 3,428,731, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) and copper hydrate, pure copper hydroxide. form. Other forms of copper hydroxide may also be employed.

The copper-containing compounds used in the present invention are commercially available. Such commercially available products include KOCIDE® Copper Hydroxide, Phosphate Stabilized Copper Hydroxide, an Agricultural Fungicide Improved containing 88% Copper Hydroxide and 12% Solvents available from Griffin Corporation of Valdosta, Georgia. The production of phosphate-stabilized copper hydroxide is also disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,428,731 and no. Re 24,324.

The amount of the copper-containing compound added to the aqueous solution of the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid is the amount that will be used in the final product as a bactericide / fungicide. Generally speaking, when preparing the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention, it is desirable to complex with as much copper and partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid as possible. Factors that affect the amount of copper that can be complexed with partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid include the pH of the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid aqueous solution, the molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid, and the concentration of the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid.

In general, it has been observed that when there is an excess of a water-insoluble copper-containing compound that reacts to form a complex with polycarboxylic acid, this abundant copper-containing compound is insoluble in water. This can be a desirable or undesirable situation. If the solid water-insoluble copper-containing compound is unnecessary in the mixture of the present invention, it may be separated from the liquid portion by conventional means such as filtration. An excess of water-soluble copper-containing compound causes the presence of non-complex copper ions in the solution. Such uncomplexed copper ions may cause phytotoxicity of the solution. Therefore, when the copper source of the complex with the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid is from a water-soluble copper-containing compound, the amount of the copper-containing compound used is to be sufficient to react with the polycarboxylic acid but not to produce unions which will then cause phytotoxicity of the solution.

The amount of copper in the copper-containing compound useful in the present invention is between about 0.1 and 5% by weight (copper metal equivalent); preferably between about 0.1 and 3.2% by weight (copper metal equivalent).

The aqueous copper complex solution may be used to treat plants in its liquid form as prepared by the process described above or may be dried to provide substantially dry products which may be dispersed in water to form aqueous solutions for spraying. The aqueous solution of the copper complex may be dried in a conventional drying device such as a drying oven or spray-dryer or by freeze-drying. For spray drying, the sprayer-dryer is equipped with either a single fluid sprayer or a hydraulic sprayer, or a rotating disk atomizer can be used.

Such spray dryers should typically have an inlet temperature between about 177 ° C (350 ° F) and 249 ° C (480 ° F) and an outlet temperature of approximately 65.5 ° C (150 ° F) and 127 ° C (260 ° F). F). Spray-drying equipment and methods for spray-drying dispersions and solutions are well known in the art. Similarly, freeze-drying devices and methods for freeze-drying dispersions and solutions are also known in the art. Utilizing methods well known in the art, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be prepared in various forms such as filings, powders, granules, tablets and solutions.

The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be applied directly to the plant leaves to stop bacterial / fungal diseases. The bactericide / fungicide is applied in its liquid form as prepared above or by mixing the dry form with water again to form an aqueous solution and spraying the resulting solution on plants to be treated using conventional agricultural sprayers and spraying techniques well known in the art. area. The bactericide 3225 B cidium / fungicide of the present invention is diluted with water and sprayed on the leaves of the plants (either air or earth) or by chemical treatment at a ratio of approximately 45.4 g to 2722 g / 0.4 ha of metal copper equivalent between about 3.78. 1 and 3028 in 1 / 0.4 ha water volume.

alfalfa, beets,

The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is useful in the treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases in a variety of plants including citrus such as grapefruit, lemon, lemon lime, oranges, mandarins; field crops such as oats, peanuts, potatoes, sugar wheat and barley; berry shrubs such as blackberries, cranberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries and strawberries; tree fruits such as almond, apple, apricot, avocado, banana, cocoa, cherry, coffee, nut, mango, nectarine, oil, pecan, plum, and vegetables such as beans, cabbage, cabbage, musk cauliflower, American peach, greek broccoli, melon, scallop, onion, pear, walnut; Brussels carrot, celery, melon cucumber, eggplant, stick, peas, pepper, pumpkin, tomato and watermelon; vines such as grapes, hops and kiwi; as diverse as ginseng, oak and maple; ornamental, such as aralia, azalea, begonia, bulbs (lilies, tulips, gladioli), carnation, chrysanthemum, astra, gooseberry eunimus, hawthorn, eve, pachisandra, winter, philodendra, pyracantha, rose and yucca (Adams) .

The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is useful in the treatment of plants against bacterial and fungal diseases such as melanosis, leprosy, pink pits, mucilage, brown rot, phytophthora, citrus worm, xanthomone and cerosporous leaf spots, black leaf blight (alternar). aphid, botrytis aphid, powdery mildew, xanthomone leaf spots, anthracnose, pseudomonic leaf spots, septal leaf spots, estomosporic leaf spots, volutel leaf blight, fomopsic stem blight, bacterial leaf spots, fiery aphids, black spots, rotten leaves, corinebacter aphids, blossom aphids, pseudomonic aphids, shell and kernel rot (Phytophtora cactorum), striped leaf spots (Cristulariella pyramidalis), nut aphids, bacterial aphids, brown spots, black rot (xanthomonas), wavy mildew, cercospore early aphids, septic late aphids, dried leaf spots, fomopsis, purple acne, bacterial spots, gray leaf mold, septic leaf spots, decayed buds (Pseudomonas syringae), Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas fluorescens, stem aphid, ball lichen, leptosphereerul leaf blot, helmitosporic spotted acne, leaf blight, cane blight, cane (pseudomonas), European wormhole, crown or neck rot, sigotoca, black spots, black pod, coffee-berry disease (Collectotrichum coffeanum), leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix), iron spots (Cercospora coffeicola), purple disease (Corticium salmonicolor), eastern Lombard blight, peacock spots.

Some bacterial strains resist treatment with conventional copper-based bactericides. However, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is particularly well suited to suppress copper-tolerant bacteria such as Xanthomonas campestris and Pseudomonas syringae.

Because the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is water soluble, it can be applied to a variety of plants or crops and then relatively easily removed by washing or spraying with water. Therefore, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention may be applied to the crop later in its growth cycle than would be possible with conventional bactericides / fungicides. In addition, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be used to treat said fruits such as oranges, citrus, cucumbers and apples, providing a protective layer that can be easily removed by washing.

When the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is applied to plants and thereafter dries, it does not leave colored residues on the plants as conventional copper-based bactericides / fungicides do. Therefore, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be used to treat nursery and nursery ornamental plants in nurseries.

The reduced phytotoxicity of the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention allows it to be used to treat copper-sensitive plants and crops such as peaches, pears, apples and lettuce that would otherwise be damaged by conventional copper-based bactericides / fungicides when used in optimal ratio for disease control.

The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be used to treat the seed before planting. This bactericide / fungicide can be applied to the seed using conventional seed treatment equipment known in the art by spraying the bactericide / fungicide on the seed and allowing it to dry there while providing the seed with a coating. In addition, the treated seed can be taken by hand and planted in a conventional manner for seed treated with known copper-based bactericides / fungicides. The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention is particularly useful in the care of the inoculum and in the prevention of the present invention in the treatment of seed to seed crops, soybeans, infections of growing sprouts. While a bactericide / fungicide is useful in general, it is particularly useful in treatments such as rice, wheat, cotton beans, corn and peanuts.

Longer-term persistence of the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention on the plant surface without rain protection can be achieved by adding certain functional agents to the concentrated mixture or spray solution. Such compounds useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyoxyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylamide. These compounds are known in the art as binding compounds. These compounds are added in an amount that provides the required rain resistance without negatively affecting the bactericidal / fungicidal properties of the copper complex solution. In general, the amount of binding compound that is added to the copper complex solution and is useful in the compound is between 0.1 and 10% by weight.

The amount of copper that can be incorporated into the complex with the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid has been observed to be related to the molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid. In general, the higher the molecular weight of the polycarboxylic acid, the more copper can be added to the complex. However, as stated previously, as the molecular weight of polycarboxylic acid increases, so does the viscosity. Therefore, when selecting polycarboxylic acid for use in the present invention, it is necessary to balance the competing factors of copper content and viscosity.

It is particularly expected that the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention may also be used to treat substrates other than plants and cultures. For example, on a bacterial surface, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be used to protect against bacterial and / or fungal growth on a variety of inanimate substrates such as textiles, plastics, metals, glass, trees, paper, foam, concrete, stone and the like. The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be applied to the surface of the substrate by methods well known in the art, such as spraying, lubrication, dipping and the like. Furthermore, due to suitable materials, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be impregnated in such a substrate. The bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be used to prevent bacterial and fungal growth in hospital or medical environments, such as clothing, linen, carpets, tile or linoleum floors and plastic buffet surfaces. For such applications, the copper complex of the present invention is used to provide sufficient inhibition or inhibition of fungal growth on the treated

The application ratio of the copper complex will vary depending on the materials being applied and the conditions under which the substrate will be stored. In general, the bactericide / fungicide of the present invention can be applied to substrates in a ratio that provides between about 1 and 1,000 mg of copper (metal equivalents) per square centimeter of substrate surface.

The following examples are illustrative examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.

example

The aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 959 g of water and 40 g of Goodrite K-752 (63% polyacrylic acid in water, molecular weight 2100), which is neutralized to pH 7 with 50% NaOH. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature to ensure complete dissolution of the partially neutralized Goodrite K-752 in water. To this solution is added 1.42 g Cu (OH)₂ (56.4% metallic copper). The mixture is stirred for 12-24 hours to ensure complete Cu (OH)₂ dissolution. The resulting clear blue solution is analyzed for copper. Analysis shows that the aqueous solution contains 800 md of copper.

example

An aqueous solution of Goodrite K-752 at pH 4.5 is prepared by dissolving 113.4 grams of Goodrite K-752 in 433.8 grams of water and neutralizing 21.4 grams of 50% NaOH. Partially neutralized Goodrite K-752 is added to 789 g of water and stirred until the solution is homogeneous. To this solution was added 32.3 g of copper hydrate (62% of metallic copper). The mixture is stirred for 12-24 hours to ensure complete dissolution of the copper hydrate. The resulting clear blue solution contains 2% by weight of a metal equivalent of copper.

example

The aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 940 g deionized water and 60 g Goodrite K-752 (63% polyacrylic acid in water, molecular weight 2100), which is neutralized with 50% sodium hydroxide to a pH of about 7. The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature to ensure complete Dissolution of Goodrite K-752 in Water. To a partially neutralized aqueous solution of Goodrite K-752 is added 10 g Cu (OH)₂. The aqueous dispersion is stirred for 24-48 hours to allow sufficient time for the complete reaction of the copper hydroxide with the partially neutralized polyacrylic acid. Because copper hydroxide is substantially water-insoluble, excess insoluble copper hydroxide remains in the dispersion in solid form. The dispersion is then filtered to separate the liquid phase from the solid copper hydroxide using a 0.20 μιη filter. The filtrate is then analyzed for copper. Analysis showed the aqueous solution to have 1270 md Cu (metal equivalent).

example

The aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 989 g of water and 10 g of Goodrite K-752 (63% polyacrylic acid in water, molecular weight 2100), which is neutralized with 50% sodium hydroxide to a pH of about 7. The solution is stirred at ambient temperature to ensure complete Goodrite K -752 dissolution in water. 1.0 g of CuSO is added to 1 partially neutralized Goodrite K-752 aqueous solution₄. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes to ensure complete dissolution of the copper sulfate. The solution is then analyzed for copper. Analysis showed the aqueous solution to have 800 md Cu (metal equivalent). The solution is tested for biological activity and demonstrates essentially no phytotoxicity similar to that of ordinary aqueous dispersions of copper hydroxide at the same level of copper. Equal amounts of free ionic copper from copper sulfate cause significant plant damage and necrosis.

example

The aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 1000 g water and 20 g Goodrite K-752 (polyacrylic acid with a molecular weight of approximately 2100). The solution is stirred at ambient temperature to ensure complete dissolution of Goodrite K-752 in water. To this solution is added enough sodium hydroxide to neutralize Goodrite K-752 to a pH of about 7. To a partially neutralized aqueous solution of Goodrite K-752 is added 2 g CuCl₂. The mixture is stirred for 30 minutes to dissolve the copper chloride in the copper. Analysis showed that

1000 md Cu (metal to ensure complete Then the aqueous solution analyzed has the equivalent).

example

The aqueous solution is prepared by mixing 960 g of water and 40 g of Goodrite K-752 (63% polyacrylic acid in water, molecular weight 2100), which is neutralized with 50% sodium hydroxide to a pH of about 7. The mixture is stirred at ambient temperature to ensure complete Goodrite K -752 dissolution in water. To a partially neutralized aqueous solution of Goodrite K-752 is added 10 g of copper oxychloride. The aqueous dispersion is stirred for 24-48 hours to allow sufficient time for the copper-polymer complex to form. Because copper oxychloride is essentially water-insoluble, excess insoluble copper oxychloride essentially leaves a solid residue in the dispersion. The dispersion is then filtered to separate the liquid phase from the solid copper hydroxide using a 0.20 µm filter. The filtrate is then analyzed for copper. Analysis showed the aqueous solution to contain 325 md Cu (metal equivalent).

example

A series of six specimens containing 800 md of copper is prepared (4X LD estimated₉₀ Ratio of 200 md for control of Colletotrichum lagenarium in cucumber plants). A complex of solutions of copper and aqueous polycarboxylic acid (Goodrite K-752) partially neutralized to pH 7 with sodium hydroxide is formed. The different samples have the following concentrations: 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.75%, 0.5% and 0.25%. For example, having 4%, 2%, and 1% polymers gives clear blue solutions, although the color becomes greener as the polymer content decreases. With a polymer content of less than 0.75%, a blue-green precipitate is formed which leaves a colorless supernatant. The excess copper is believed to render the polymer insoluble through crosslinking. For example, having 4% 0.75% polymer indicates that there is essentially no phytotoxicity on greenhouse cucumber samples containing 1% and 0.75% polymer showing the lowest amount of phytotoxicity. Those examples also show the efficacy of examples as bactericides / fungicides on Colletotrichum lagenarium on cucumber plants. Cucumber plants treated with the same ratio of free ionic copper from copper sulfate are severely damaged and necrotic. In plants treated with copper sulphate, the efficiency cannot be assessed for severe damage.

example

Copper complexes of polycarboxylic acids are prepared according to Examples 1 and 4 above using CuSO alone₄ and Cu (OH)₂ as sources of copper. Samples of each copper source are prepared at 800 md, 400 md.

d., at concentrations of 200 md and 100 md copper (metal equivalent). A cumulative phytotoxicity test is carried out on tomato and pepper plants. Each sample is applied to plants 4 times weekly. No phytotoxicity was observed.

Example f

Copper complexes of polycarboxylic acids are prepared according to Example 1 except that the molecular weight of the polyacrylic acid, like the pH of the partially neutralized polyacrylic acid, is varied in the various examples. Several examples of polyacrylic acid of different molecular weights are obtained from BF Goodrich. The following examples are Goodrite KLT 3225 B

752 (molecular weight 2100); Goodrite K-732 (molecular weight 5100); Goodrite Κ-ΧΡ82 (molecular weight 2800); and Goodrite Κ-ΧΡ83 (molecular weight 5800). Aqueous polymer solutions are prepared; each solution contains the substance hydroxide

The samples are up to pH values, the complexes are prepared from

1.6% of the polymer solid is neutralized with sodium given below. Copper of each of the neutralized samples using Cu (OH)₂ quantities of surplus. The samples are filtered through a 0.22 m syringe filter and the copper analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE

<td colspan="2">Polyacrylic</td><td rowspan="2">Well PAR pH</td><td rowspan="2">Filtered pH of the complex</td><td rowspan="2">Cu (md)</td>

<td>acid</td><td>(PAR)</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-752</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 6.9</td><td> 2940</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-752</td><td> 5.7</td><td> 7.6</td><td> 1320</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-752</td><td> 6.7</td><td> 9.2</td><td> 503</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-752</td><td> 7.0</td><td> 9.5</td><td> 500</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-752</td><td> 7.6</td><td> 9.9</td><td> 770</td>

<td>Goodtite</td><td>K-732</td><td> 5.0</td><td> 7.0</td><td> 3086</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-732</td><td> 5.5</td><td> 8.0</td><td> 2840</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-732</td><td> 6.0</td><td> 8.6</td><td> 1095</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-732</td><td> 6.6</td><td> 9.5</td><td> 444</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-732</td><td> 7.1</td><td> 9.8</td><td> 795</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>K-732</td><td> 7.6</td><td> 100</td><td> 200</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>Κ-ΧΡ82</td><td> 7.1</td><td> 9.7</td><td> 119</td>

<td>Goodrite</td><td>Κ-ΧΡ83</td><td> 7.1</td><td> 9.7</td><td> 217</td>

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, although there is a significant variation in the results, pH clearly has a much greater effect on the amount of copper that can form the complex than the molecular weight in the 2100-5800 range.

Additional examples were prepared as described above using three different polymers and copper hydrate as the source of copper. These three polymers used were Goodrite K-752 (polyacrylic acid, molecular weight 2100); Colloid WJ61 (polyacrylic acid, molecular weight 60,000) available from RhonePoulenc and Colloid 204 (polyacrylic acid, molecular weight 10,000) also available from Rhone-Poulenc. The results of this comparison are shown in Figs. 2, wherein the concentration of copper (metal equivalent) is relative to that of the neutralized polymer polyacrylic acid solid for three different polymers. Again, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the predominant factor for the amount of copper incorporated into the complex is the pH of the neutralized polymer, but the highest molecular weight polymer (Colloid WJ61) makes the complex significantly more copper than other polymers at pH 3.5-6.

shows the pH at a concentration of 1%,

Using the same copper complex solutions described above, the amount of copper incorporated into the complex is measured in solutions where the partially neutralized polycarboxylic acid has an optimum pH to form the copper complex and the polymer content ranges from 1% to 10% by weight of the polyacrylic acid solid. The results of this test are shown in Figs. 3, where the copper content plot is plotted against polymer concentrations for each of the three different polymers.

example

Copper complexes of polycarboxylic acid are prepared according to Example 3, except that the pH of the partially neutralized polyacrylic acid is changed for different samples. The complexes are formed by preparing aqueous solutions containing 1% by weight of polyacrylic acid (Goodrite K-752), which is partially lysed with sodium hydroxide in a pH range of about 3 to about 8.5. The excess amounts of copper from three different sources of copper are then added to the partially neutralized polymer solutions. One source is technical copper hydroxide (phosphate stabilized using the process disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. Re 24,324 and 3,428,731); another source is copper hydrate (pure copper hydroxide). The third source is basic copper carbonate. The liquid parts of the samples are separated from the solid copper-containing compounds and the liquid parts are analyzed for copper. The test results are shown in Figs. 1. wherein the concentration of copper (metal equivalent md) is plotted against the pH of the neutralized polymer solutions for each of the different samples.

From the graph it can be seen that when the technical copper hydroxide is used as a source of copper, the maximum amount of copper that can be incorporated into the complex turns out to be around pH 4.5. However, when copper hydrate is used as a source of copper, the maximum complexation of copper is at the same pH but 35% more copper can be incorporated using the same amount of polyacrylic acid. The impurities of technical copper hydroxide, most likely residual salts, clearly affect the polymer's ability to complex with copper.

example

Copper complexes of polyacrylic acid are prepared from a variety of copper sources by adding copper-containing compounds to aqueous 4% Goodrite K-752, partially neutralized to pH 7, using sodium hydroxide solution. The examples are prepared according to the procedures described in Examples 3 and 4 above, depending on whether the copper is water soluble or insoluble.

The copper sources used to prepare these complexes are copper chloride, copper oxychloride, copper oxide, and basic copper carbonate. All copper sources formed complexes with partially neutralized polyacrylic acid.

example

The copper complex of polyacrylic acid is prepared by adding 1.5% copper (metal equivalent) of copper hydroxide to an aqueous solution of 12% by weight of Goodrite K-752 solid polymer, partially neutralized to pH 4.8, using sodium hydroxide. The mixture is stirred for about 12 hours to produce a clear dark blue solution without the presence of undissolved copper hydroxide. The solution is then freeze-dried using a Labconco lyophilizer at -50 ° C under vacuum. The product obtained is a blue, porous, fluffy solid which is readily redissolved in water to give a blue-green solution. The dry product contains 8.57% copper and 5% water. Dry powder X-ray

<td colspan="2">ray diffraction</td><td colspan="3">the spectrum has no peaks. It shows,</td>

<td>that dry structures.</td><td>copper</td><td>complex,</td><td>I have not</td><td>crystalline</td>

<td>Example 13</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Polyacrylic</td><td>of acids</td><td>copper</td><td>complexes</td><td>(obtained from</td>

Polisciences) of various molecular weights are prepared by adding excess amounts of copper hydroxide from a 1% by weight aqueous solution of partially neutralized polymer to pH 5 (neutralized with sodium hydroxide). The liquid portion is separated from the solid copper hydroxide by filtration and analyzed for copper. Table 2 below lists the maximum amounts of copper forming complexes with these examples.

TABLE

<td>Molecular weight</td><td>Cu concentration (md)</td>

<td> 2000</td><td> 2330</td>

<td> 5000</td><td> 2730</td>

<td> 50000</td><td> 3500</td>

<td> 90000</td><td> 3530</td>

<td> 150000</td><td> 3200</td>

example

Copper complexes of polycarboxylic acids prepared from different polymers are prepared. The three polycarboxylic acids are a copolymer of Alcosperse 475-2, 70/30 acrylic acid and maleic acid having a molecular weight of 20,000, obtained from Alco Chemical Corp., Gantrez AN-119, a 50/50 copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid, having a molecular weight of 20,000. , obtained from GAF Corp., and Goodrite K-752. The complexes are formed by preparing aqueous solutions containing 1% by weight of solid polymers of polyacrylic acid (Goodrite K-752) which is partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide to a pH of about 2.5-9. The excess copper hydroxide is then added to the polymer solutions. The liquid portion is separated from the insoluble solid copper hydroxide by filtration and the copper is analyzed. The test results are shown in Figs. 4, wherein the concentration of copper in the complex product is plotted against the pH of the neutralized polymer solutions. Analysis shows that all three polymers form complexes with copper. These copper complexes are biologically active against Alternaria solani and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vescatoria.

example efficiency, vescatoria. cultural

Copper complexes of polyacrylic acid are prepared according to Examples 3 and 4 above, depending on whether the source of copper is water soluble or not. Liquid portions of copper complexes are tested for Xanthomonas campestris pv.

Isolated samples of casitone yeast extract (CYE) medium are improved with copper complexes to obtain concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 md of metal copper, respectively.

All comparisons are made with copper sulfate in the same ratios since this copper form is known to be biologically active in agar medium. Bacterial cultures prepared in CYE medium are spiked on agar and incubated for 5 days at 27 ° C. Controls based on detection are bacterial colonies. All copper complex samples and copper sulfate samples kill bacteria at 6 md and above. These tests demonstrate that the copper complex samples made in accordance with the present invention are active sulfate samples. The test results are in the table below.

- - how to show copper 3

TABLE

<td>Polycarboxyl acid</td><td>The source of copper</td><td>LD₉₅ In CYE medium Agar, md Cu</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>copper sulfate</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>Cu (C10₄)₂</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>Cu₂O</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>Cu (NO₃)₂</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>CuCl₂</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>copper oxychloride</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>tribasic copper sulfate</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>basic copper carbonate</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polyacrylic acid</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 6</td>

<td>polymethacrylic acid</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 6</td>

<td>acrylic acid and acrylamide copolymer</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>acrylic acid and methacrylamide copolymer</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>acrylic acid and acrylate copolymer of esters</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>acrylic acid and meth- copolymer of krillate esters</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>acrylic acid and malein anhydride copolymer</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>carboxymethylcellulose</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>maleic acid and butadiene copolymer</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>copolymer of maleic acid and maleic anhydride</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>naleic acid and acrylic acid copolymer</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 6</td>

<td>rivers</td><td>copper sulfate</td><td> 6</td>

example

Copper complexes of polyacrylic acid are formed according to the 5 examples listed in Table 4 below. The liquid parts of the copper complexes are then tested for effectiveness against Alternaria solani. Copper complexes are screened

CYE in culture medium inoculated with subject fungi. Individual culture media samples are enriched with copper complexes to obtain concentrations of 1, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 md of metal copper, respectively. All comparisons are made with copper sulfate in the same ratios since this copper form is known to be active in agar medium. Samples of actively growing Alternaria solani cultures are taken with a 7 mm stopper with an opening around the outer circumference of the colony and placed in a culture vessel containing a copper-enriched medium. These samples were incubated at 28 ° C for 10 days. Radial culture diameters are measured to determine the effect of copper on fungal growth. LD samples of copper complex₉₀ is 100 md of copper while LD₉₀ copper sulfate contains 80 md of copper. These tests demonstrate that the copper complex samples made in accordance with the present invention are substantially active as copper sulfate samples. Examples of efficacy tests for various polycarboxylic acids and various sources of copper are shown in Table 4 below and FIG. 6th

TABLE

<td>Kie- those ABOUT machine.</td><td>ABOUT molar culinary weight</td><td>From part neutral zota PAR pH</td><td>The source of copper</td><td>Prepa- wheel happy dys</td><td>Copper machine. carp. in solution</td><td>1¾ Agar m. d. Cu</td>

<td> 2.50</td><td> 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>1270 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.67*</td><td> 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 1</td><td>800ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 0.42*</td><td> . 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 4</td><td>800 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 6.67</td><td> 2100</td><td> 5.3</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 6.67</td><td> 2100</td><td> 5.0</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 0.64</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 1</td><td>1000 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.74</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 1</td><td>2000 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.30</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 1</td><td>2000 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 12.00* **</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 12</td><td> 1.5%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.20</td><td> 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper chloride</td><td> 5</td><td>1030 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.67</td><td> 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper oxychloride</td><td> 6</td><td>325 ppm</td><td> 10</td>

<td> 7.14</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.5</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.0%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 20.00</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.5</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 3.5%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.00</td><td> 5000</td><td> 5.2</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>2730 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.60</td><td> 5800</td><td> 7.1</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>220 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 5.00</td><td> 10000</td><td> 4.1</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 3</td><td> 1,2%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.00</td><td> 50000</td><td> 5.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>3500 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 2.85</td><td> 60000</td><td> 4.1</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.00</td><td> 90000</td><td> 5.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>3530 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.00</td><td> 150000</td><td> 5.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>3200 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td> 1.00</td><td> 240000</td><td> 5.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 3</td><td>3150 ppm</td><td> 100</td>

<td>Yeah</td><td></td><td></td><td>copper sulfate</td><td></td><td></td><td> 80</td>

* The complexes used in the assay shown in FIG. 6th

** The copper complex solution and 5 freeze-dried material containing 8.57% copper prepared in Example 12 are tested.

example

Copper complexes of polyacrylic acids are prepared according to the examples listed in Table 5 below. The effectiveness of the liquid parts of the copper complexes against Xantomonas campestris pv. vescatoria strain, which is known to be resistant to conventional copper-based bactericides / fungicides.

The material prepared according to Example 12 is dissolved in agar for assay. Copper complexes are assayed on CYE agar inoculated with the target bacterium. Individual culture media samples are enriched with copper complexes to obtain media samples having concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 300 md of metal copper, respectively. All comparisons are made with copper sulfate in the same ratios since this copper form is known to be biologically active in agar medium. Bacterial cultures prepared in CYE medium enriched with 25 md of copper are spiked on agar and incubated for 5 days at 27 ° C. Controls are performed depending on the presence or absence of a bacterial colony. Copper complex samples kill copper tolerant bacteria at 300 md and copper sulfate kill bacteria at 100 md The results of the efficacy tests are shown in Table 5.

TABLE

<td>Hard</td><td>ABOUT</td><td>Partly</td><td>Copper</td><td>Prepa-</td><td>Copper</td><td>Whoa</td>

<td>ABOUT</td><td>molecular</td><td>neutral</td><td>source</td><td>wheel</td><td>machine.</td><td>Agar</td>

<td>machine.</td><td>linen weight</td><td>zota PAR pH</td><td></td><td>happy dys</td><td>complete in solution</td><td>md Cu</td>

<td> 1.67</td><td> 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 1</td><td>800 ppm</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 0.42</td><td> 2100</td><td> 7.0</td><td>copper sulfate</td><td> 4</td><td>800 ppm</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 6.67</td><td> 2100</td><td> 5.3</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 6.67</td><td> 2100</td><td> 5.0</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 12.00**</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydroxide</td><td> 12</td><td> 1.5%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 0.80</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td>2000 ppn</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 1.06</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td>2000 ppn</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 1.60</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.8</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td>2000 ppn</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 3.75</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4,5</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 6.25</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.5</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 8.00</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4,5</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 7.14</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.1</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 2</td><td> 2.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 20.00</td><td> 2100</td><td> 4.5</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 1</td><td> 3.5%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 5.00</td><td> 10000</td><td> 4.1</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 3</td><td> 1,2%</td><td> 300</td>

<td> 2.50</td><td> 60000</td><td> 3.8</td><td>copper hydrate</td><td> 3</td><td> 1.0%</td><td> 300</td>

<td>Yeah</td><td></td><td></td><td>copper sulfate</td><td></td><td></td><td> 100</td>

* The copper complex solution is tested and freeze-dried material containing 8.57% copper is prepared in Example 12.

example

The copper complex solution prepared according to Example 2 is applied to wheat seed at 7, 14 and 28 grams.

Cu / rev sv. by seed spraying using a laboratory seed sprayer. The treated seed is air-dried in trays before planting. 50 seeds are planted in soil in flat pots to assess germination and growth after emergence. All treatments are compared with conventional bactericides / fungicides containing copper complex (Kocide Seed Dressing) at 28 grams Cu / calc. sv. . Germination and growth are similar for all treatments (see Table 6 below). No phytotoxicity of emergent sprouts was observed.

TABLE

<td>Processing</td><td>g / wt for seeds</td><td>Germination,%</td>

<td>Cocidal seed coat</td><td> 28</td><td> 47</td>

<td>Example 2</td><td> 7</td><td> 48</td>

<td>Example 2</td><td> 14</td><td> 48</td>

<td>Example 2</td><td> 28</td><td> 48</td>

<td>Untreated</td><td> 0</td><td> 45</td>

example

The copper complex solution prepared according to Example 2 is applied to the oranges 100, 500 and 1000 md by dipping the fruit into the respective solutions and allowing the solution to dry on the surface of the fruit. The fruits are inoculated with Alternaria citri, Phytophthora citrophthora, Penicillium diqatatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides before dipping. The fruits are stored at 5 ° C and 80% relative humidity for 14 days, after which the diseased fruits are counted. At the end of the test, 100% of the untreated fruit is ill and 35%, 10% and 8% of the treated 100, 500 and 1000 md Cu, respectively. No scars on the fruit or discoloration were observed.

example

The copper complex solution prepared according to Example 2 is applied to geranium plants at 1000 md Cu five times weekly. At the end of the test, the residues are evaluated and compared with conventional copper-based bactericides / fungicides with the same copper ratio. Compared to conventional trim 3225 B, the remains are not clearly visible to the naked eye. After the residues are evaluated, the plants are irrigated from above, and the residues are re-evaluated after the plants have dried. Conventional fungicide treatment leaves clearly visible residues, whereas plants treated with copper complex have almost no trace of residues. No phytotoxicity was observed.

example

The copper complex solution prepared according to Example 2 is applied to the cotton coarse fabric. The individual tissue samples are treated by dipping the tissue in 1000 md copper complex solution and copper sulfate solution respectively. Another sample of fabric is not treated at all. The tissue samples are then buried in non-sterile field soil for 2 months. At the end of the test, the untreated tissue is partially degraded and the copper complex and copper sulphate treated samples are substantially intact and unbroken.

example

The copper complex solution is prepared according to Example 3, except that the polyacrylic acid is neutralized with three different basic compounds to pH 3-6. The 3 basic compounds are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. The samples contain 1% by weight of Goodrite K752 solid polymers. Copper is analyzed in different examples. The test results are shown in Figs. 5, where the copper concentrations are plotted against the pH of the neutralized polyacrylic acid for three different neutralizing compounds.

It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing material relates only to certain embodiments of the invention disclosed herein, and that many modifications or alterations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the following definition.