Femto node power adjustment in wireless communications systems

Femto node of the power adjustment in a wireless communication system {FEMTO NODE POWER ADJUSTMENT IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS}

0001The present patent application, the invention of the name is "Home User Equipment Assisted Home NodeB Power Calibration" in the April 23, 2009 date to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/172 033 call; The invention of the name "Macro User Equipment Assisted Home NodeB Power Calibration" by April 23, 2009 date to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/172 038 call; The title of the invention "MUE REGISTRATION BASED HNB POWER CALIBRATION" as filed on 1st May 2009, US Provisional Application No. 61 / No. 174 611; And the title of the invention "Macro User Equipment Assisted Home NodeB Power Calibration" in claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 304,284 on February 12, 2010 to call. The above-referenced applications are is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

0002The present application relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically, relates to systems and methods for adjusting the transmission power in the femto node.

0003Wireless communication systems are various types of communication (e.g., voice, data, multimedia services, etc.) are widely deployed to provide to a plurality of users. As the demand for high speed and multimedia data services rapidly increased, the problem of efficient and robust communication for implementing a system having improved performance exists.

0004In addition to mobile phone networks currently in place, a small base station of the new class have emerged and, and the small base stations are installed in the user's home, by using the existing broadband internet access Indian (indoor) mobile radio coverage unit It may be provided to. Such personal miniature base stations are generally an access point base stations, or, alternatively known as Home Node B (HNB) or femto nodes. Typically, such miniature base stations are connected to the Internet and the mobile operator's network via DSL router or cable modem.

0005A plurality of femto nodes may be deployed by individual users in the coverage area of ​​a conventional macro node (macro Node B, or MNB). Receiving a communication from the user to the femto nodes may detect signals from a macro node, in some circumstances, a user receiving a communication from a macro node may be detected signals from the femto nodes in some circumstances. In order to accurately receive such communications, it would be advantageous to reduce the interference experienced by the user thereof. Thus, methods for reducing interference caused by the femto node, the, systems, and devices are preferred.

0006Systems of the present invention, methods, and devices, each having a number of aspects, one of the aspects of those patterns do not only responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the invention as expressed by the claims that follow-up, as will be described next briefly some characteristics. After considering this description, particularly after reading the section of the name "Detailed Description", it will be appreciated how the features of the invention provide advantages that include determining the appropriate transmission power of a femto node.

0007One aspect of the disclosure is an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus comprises a first transmitter configured to transmit wirelessly a first signal in a first power to the first reception area. The apparatus includes the information indicating the measurement value deduced from the reception of the first signal receiver further configured to receive over the air. The apparatus further comprises a power control unit configured to adjust the first power, based at least in part on the received information. In some embodiments, the receiver is located in a second reception area, and the second signal is transmitted over the air to one or more user devices in a second reception area, from the second transmitter. In some embodiments, the second receiving area is substantially greater than the first reception area.

0008Another aspect of this disclosure is a wireless communication method. The method includes wirelessly transmitting the first signal to a first reception area to the first power. Method, and the information indicating the measurement value deduced from the reception of the first signal further comprises receiving the air from the first position. Method, on the basis of the information received, at least in part, further comprising the step of adjusting the first power. In some embodiments, the first position is present in the second reception area, and the second signal is transmitted over the air to one or more user devices in a second reception area, from the second transmitter. In some embodiments, the second receiving area is substantially greater than the first reception area.

0009Another aspect of the disclosure is an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes means for transmitting a first signal over the air to a first power to the first reception area. The apparatus includes the information indicating the measurement value deduced from the reception of the first signal means for receiving the air from the first position. Device, based at least in part on the received information, and means for adjusting the first power. In some embodiments, the first position is present in the second reception area, and the second signal is transmitted over the air to one or more user devices in a second reception area, from the second transmitter. In some embodiments, the second receiving area is substantially greater than the first reception area.

0010Another aspect of the disclosure, a computer-program product comprising a computer readable medium. A computer-readable medium comprises code for wirelessly transmits the first signal to a computer, cause the first power to the first reception area. Computer-readable media includes causing a computer, information indicating a measured value deduced from the reception of the first signal further code to be received over the air from the first position. The computer-readable medium, for causing the received information to a computer based at least in part comprises code to adjust the first electric power. In some embodiments, the first position is present in the second reception area, and the second signal is transmitted over the air to one or more user devices in a second reception area, from the second transmitter. In some embodiments, the second receiving area is substantially greater than the first reception area.

0011One aspect of the disclosure is an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive information indicative of a measure that is derived from the received signal. The apparatus further comprises a transmitter configured to transmit communications over the air to the first transmission device. The communication may comprise information that is at least partially derived from at least a portion or the received information of the received information. In some embodiments, the first transmission device is configured to transmit a first signal over the air to the first receiving area. In some embodiments, the first transmission device is located in the second reception area, and the second signal is transmitted over the air to one or more user devices in a second reception area, from the second transmission device. In some embodiments, the second receiving area is substantially greater than the first reception area.

0012Another aspect of this disclosure is a wireless communication method. The method includes receiving information indicating an estimate derived from the received signal. The method further comprises sending a communication over the air with the femto node, the communication includes the information that is at least partially derived from at least a portion or the received information of the received information.

0013Another aspect of the disclosure is an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus includes a means for receiving information which is indicative of a measure that is derived from the received signal. Apparatus further comprises means for sending a communication over the air with the femto node, the communication includes information that at least partially derived from at least a portion or the received information of the received information.

0014Another aspect of the disclosure is a computer-program product comprising a computer readable medium. A computer-readable medium comprises code for receiving information indicating that the measurement value is deduced from the reception of a signal causing the computer. The computer-readable medium includes code for communicating enables the femto node to the computer to transmit over the air further, the communication includes the information that is at least partially derived from at least a portion or the received information of the received information.

0015One aspect of the disclosure is a femto node. The femto node comprises a receiver configured to receive a signal transmitted from the transmitting device. Femto node based at least in part on the received signal, and further includes a determination unit configured to determine a measurement. The femto node contains information indicating the measurement a transmitter configured to transmit a wireless communication to a neighboring femto node including,

0016Another aspect of the disclosure is a method for communicating with the femto node. The method comprises the steps of: receiving a signal transmitted from the transmitting device. Method is based at least in part on the received signal, and further comprising determining a measure. Method includes the step of transmitting a communication including information indicating a measured value by the femto nodes in the wireless neighborhood better.

0017Another aspect of the disclosure is a femto node. Femto node comprises means for receiving a signal transmitted from the transmitting device. Femto node based at least in part on the received signal further comprises means for determining a measured value. The femto node comprises means for transmitting the communication comprises information that indicates the air to measure neighboring femto node.

0018Another aspect of the disclosure is a computer-program product comprising a computer readable medium. The computer-readable medium comprises code for receiving a signal transmitted from the transmitting device to allow the femto node. The computer-readable medium, cause the femto node based on the received signal at least in part further comprises code to determine the measurements. The computer-readable medium, the code to be transmitted over the air to a neighboring femto node communications including information indicating a measure allows the femto node further comprises.

0019Figure 1 shows an exemplary wireless communication network. Figure 2 shows exemplary interactions of two or more communications networks. 3 illustrates exemplary coverage areas of the radio communication network shown in Figs. 4 is a functional block diagram of a first exemplary femto node and a first exemplary user equipment in one of the communication networks of FIG. Figure 5 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary femto node in a second one of the communication networks of FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a second exemplary user equipment in one of the communication networks of FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary macro node in one of the communication networks of FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process of communication to the user equipment. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process of communication to the node. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process for adjusting transmit power for a femto node. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process of communication to the user equipment. 12 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process for adjusting transmit power for a femto node. 13 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process for adjusting transmit power for a femto node.

0020"Example" of a word is used herein in the sense of "example, instance, or provided as an example." As "exemplary" Any embodiment described herein is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The techniques described here may include code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) networks, Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) networks, Single-Carrier FDMA (SC- FDMA) may be used for various wireless communication networks such as networks. "Networks" and the term "systems" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA to (W-CDMA) and Low Chip Rate (LCR). cdma2000 is covering the IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. TDMA network may implement a radio technology such as Global System (GSM) for the mobile communication. OFDMA network may implement a radio technology such as a bulb de UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.20, Flash -OFDMA like. UTRA, E-UTRA, and GSM are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a release of the arrival of UMTS that uses E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, GSM, UMTS and LTE are described in documents from an organization name to the "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). cdma2000 is described in documents from an organization name to the "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). These various radio technologies and standards are known in the art.

0021Single carrier modulation and frequency division multiple access using a single carrier frequency domain equalization is a (SC-FDMA) it will be described. SC-FDMA has the same overall complexity, the performance and essentially similar performance and complexity of the OFDMA system. SC-FDMA signal has lower peak due to their inherent single carrier structure-to-average power ratio has a (PAPR). SC-FDMA, in particular a lower PAPR subject to great interest in the uplink communication of the gain so that the mobile terminal in terms of transmit power efficiency also. It is the current working assumptions in 3GPP Long Term for Evolution (LTE) or a bulb Uplink multiple access scheme in UTRA.

0022In some aspects, the teachings herein are, macro scale coverage (e.g., a large area cellular network such as typically with a 3G network is referred to as a macro cell network) and smaller scale coverage (e.g., a residence-based or building-based network environment) may be used in a network comprising a. As the user equipment ("UE") is moved across such a network, a user equipment may be served in certain locations by access nodes ("AN") that provide macro coverage, the user equipment is smaller scale It may be by the access node that provides coverage served at other locations. In some aspects, the smaller coverage nodes, (e.g., more robust user experience for a) incremental capacity growth, may be used to provide in-building coverage, and different services. In the description herein, a node that provides coverage over a relatively large area may be referred to as a macro node. Relatively small area (e.g., a residence) node providing coverage over a may be referred to as a femto node. Node that provides coverage over a larger region than a femto area smaller than a macro area (e.g., coverage within a commercial building providing a) may also be referred to as a pico node.

0023Macro node, a femto node is associated with a cell, or a pico node, each of the macro cell, a femto cell may be referred to as, or picocells. In some implementations, each cell (for example, by dividing them), one or more sectors may be associated with further.

0024In various applications, other terminology macro node, a femto node, or a pico node it may be used to refer to. For example, a macro node may be configured or referred to as an access node, base station, access point, E Node B, such as the macro cell. Also, a femto node, a home node B, home e Node B, an access point base station may be configured or referred to as a femto cell, and so on.

0025Figure 1 shows an exemplary wireless communication network 100. Wireless communication network 100 is configured to support communication between a number of users. Wireless communication network 100 includes one or more cells 102, for example, it may be divided into cells (102A-102G). Communication coverage in cells (102A-102G) are, for example, may be provided by the nodes (104A-104G) of one or more nodes, such as 104. Each node 104 may be provided in the cell 102 corresponding to the communication coverage. Node 104, for example, a user equipment (UE) may interact with a plurality of, such as UE (106A-106L).

0026Each of the UE (106) may communicate with one or more nodes 104 on a forward link (FL) and / or a reverse link (RL) at a given moment. FL is a communication link from a node to the UE. RL is a communication link from the UE to the Node. Node 104, for example, may be interconnected by appropriate wired or wireless interfaces and may be able to communicate with each other. Thus, each of the UE (106) may communicate with another UE (106) via at least one node (104). For example, UE (106J) may communicate UE (106H) with, as follows: UE (106J) may communicate with a node (104D). Then, the node (104D) may communicate with a node (104B). Then, the node (104B) may communicate with UE (106H). Accordingly, the communication is established between the UE (106J) and UE (106H).

0027Wireless communication network 100 may provide service over a large geographic area. For example, cells (102A-102G) may be covered by only a few blocks within a neighborhood or rectangular in miles in a rural environment. In one embodiment, each cell may be divided further into one or more sectors (not shown).

0028As described above, the node 104 may be, for example, user equipment within their coverage area for the Internet or a communication network such as a cellular network (UE) (106) may provide access.

0029UE (106) is to transmit and receive voice or data over a communication network, a wireless communication device used by the user (for example, a mobile phone, router, personal computer, server, etc.) may be. In addition, the user equipment (UE) may also be referred to as an access terminal (AT), a mobile station (MS), or a terminal device. As shown, the UE (106A, 106H, and 106J) comprises a router. The UE (106B-106G, 106I, 106K, and 106L) comprises a mobile telephone. However, the UE (106A-106L) each of which may comprise any suitable communication device.

0030Figure 2 shows exemplary interactions of two or more communications networks. UE (220) transmits the information to another UE, such as UE (221), and it may be desirable to receive information from another UE. Figure 2 shows a scheme that may be the UE (220, 221, and 222) communicate with each other. 2, the macro node 205 may provide communication coverage to the user equipment in the macro area 230. For example, UE (220) may generate a message and transmit the message to the macro node 205. The various types of communication messages may contain information relating to (e.g., voice, data, multimedia services, etc.). UE (220) may communicate with the macro node 205 over a radio link. Macro node 205 may communicate with network 240 over a wired or wireless link. In addition, the femto nodes 210 and 212 may communicate with network 240 over a wired or wireless link. UE (222) may communicate with the femto node 210 via a wireless link, UE (221) may communicate with the femto node 212 via a wireless link.

0031In addition, the macro node 205, a network 240, servers via (not shown in Figure 2) and the switching center may be (not shown in Figure 2) communicates with the device, such as. For example, the macro node 205 may transmit to the UE (220), a message switching center (not shown in FIG. 2) received from the switching center may forward the message to another network, . In addition, the network 240 may be used to facilitate communication between the UE (220, 221, and 222). For example, UE (220) may be communicating with UE (221). The UE (220) may send a message to the macro node 205. Macro node 205 may forward the message to the network 240. The network 240 may forward the message to the femto node 212. A femto node 212 may forward the message to the UE (221). Similarly, UE (221) from the UE (220) to the reverse path may be followed. In another example, UE (221) may be communicating with UE (222). The UE (221) may send a message to the femto node 212. A femto node 212 may forward the message to the network 240. Network 240 may forward the message to the femto node 210. A femto node 210 may forward the message to the UE (222). Similarly, UE (221) to the reverse path it may follow from the UE (222).

0032In one embodiment, the femto nodes 210 and 212 are placed by individual customers, grooves, apartment buildings, and may be located in office buildings. Femto nodes (210, 212) is a predetermined range of the femto node using a predetermined cellular transmission band (210, 212) (e.g., 100 m) may communicate with the UE in the. In one embodiment, the femto nodes 210 and 212 is a digital subscriber line (DSL, e.g., asymmetric DSL (ADSL), high data rate DSL (HDSL), very high speed DSL (VDSL) comprising the like) , Internet Protocol (IP) TV cable carrying traffic, through a power line (BPL) connection speed, or may communicate with the network 240 by Internet Protocol (IP) connection, such as other links.

0033Network 240 is, for example, then the network, namely the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), the computer connected to any type of electrical including and / or the device It may comprise a group of. Additionally, access to the network, for example, remote modem, Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), Token Ring (IEEE 802.5), Fiber Distribution downlink interface (FDDI), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), Wireless Ethernet (IEEE 802.11 ), or Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) may be. Computing devices are desktop, server, portable, hand-held, set-top, or should be noted that there may be any other desired type of configuration. As used herein, network 240 is a public Internet, a private network within the Internet, the security in the Internet network, a private network, a public network, an additional - includes network variations such as the value of the network, such as an intranet. In certain embodiments, network 240 may also include a virtual private network (VPN).

0034Macro node 205 and / or the femto nodes 210 and 212 of either or both may be connected to network 240 using any of a number of devices or methods. As described above, the femto node 210 may be connected to the network 240 using an IP connection, or other means. Macro node 205 may be connected to network 240 by similar means or other public, private, or private (proprietary) means. Connection to the network 240 may be wired or wireless. Macro node 205 and / or the femto nodes 210 and 212 to either or both of these connections for connecting to a network 240, which may be referred to as the "backbone" of the network may also be referred to as standing alone, back . A radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), or another device or system (not shown), such as devices, two or more macro nodes, pico nodes, and / or femto manage communication between nodes It may be used to. In some embodiments, messages are communicated via the backhaul using a radio access network application part (RANAP) protocol. In one embodiment, messages are communicated via the backhaul using a radio access network information management (RIM) process. Those skilled in the art will be aware of the network 240 and other devices and methods for communication.

0035Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary coverage area of ​​the wireless communication networks 100 and 200 shown in FIGS. The coverage area 300, UE (220) may include one or more geographic regions that may access the communication network 240 as discussed above with respect to FIG. As shown, the coverage area 300 comprises several tracking areas is 302 (or routing areas or location areas) a. Each tracking area 302 may include the above-described with respect to Figure 2, the macro area 230 and the number of which may be similar to the macro area 304 a. Here, areas of coverage associated with tracking areas (302A, 302B, and 302C) are, is shown as drawn by a wide area (wide) line, and the macro areas 304 are represented by the hexagons. The tracking areas 302 also include femto described above with respect to Figure 2 area 230 and which may be similar to the femto area 306 a. In this example, each of the femto areas 306 (e.g., femto area (306C)) is a macro area 304 (e.g., macro area (304B)) is drawn in. However, the femto area 306 to be appreciated that this may not lie entirely within a macro area 304. In practice, a large number of femto areas 306 may be defined with a given tracking area 302 or macro area 304. In addition, one or more pico areas (not shown) may be defined within a given tracking area 302 or macro area 304.

0036Referring back to Figure 2, the owner of a femto node 210 may be, for example, the communication network 240 (e.g., a mobile operator core network) may be joined to the mobile services, such as 3G mobile services, which are available on the . Additionally, the user equipment 221, a macro (e.g., macro areas) environment and smaller scale (e.g., residential, femto areas, pico areas, etc.) may operate in a networked environment both There may be. That is, depending on the current location of the user equipment 221. The user equipment 221 (e.g., femto nodes 210 and 212), the femto nodes in the or one set by the macro node 205, any of the There's also access to a communication network (240) by one. For example, when a subscriber is outside his home, he macro node (e.g., node 205) may be served by, when the subscriber is in the home, he femto node (e.g., node It may be served by a 210). Femto nodes 210 to be appreciated further that the existing user equipments 221 and may be backward compatible.

0037A femto node 210 may communicate over a single frequency or, alternatively, multiple frequencies. Depending on the particular configuration, one or more of the single-frequency or multi-frequency macro node (e.g., node 205) may overlap with one or more frequencies used by a.

0038In one embodiment, the user equipment 221, every time the user equipment 221 is within the communication range of the femto node particular (e.g., preferred) femto node (e.g., home user equipment 221 It may be configured to connect to the femto node). For example, if the user equipment 221 is within the femto area 215, user equipment 221 may communicate only the femto node 210 only with.

0039In another embodiment, a user equipment 221 to communicate with a node, it is not communicating with a preferred node (e.g., as defined in a preferred roaming list). In this embodiment, the user equipment 221 (e.g., femto preferred node 210), a better system reselection ("BSR") is the preferred node using the search can be continued. BSR is, for a better system that determines whether the current use, may comprise a method comprising a periodic scanning of available systems. BSR may further comprise attempting to be related to the system of the preferred available. User equipment 221 may limit the BSR to scanning over the and / or one or more channel specific band. The preferred femto node for detection 210, user equipment 221 may select the femto node 210 for communicating with to access the communication network 240 within the femto area at 215.

0040For example, the macro node 205 and communicate the UE that may be, and 221 to be close to the femto node 210, the UE 221 is handed off (i.e., a femto node 210, the idle or active can be handed off). Therefore, UE (221) starts to communicate with the femto node 210. 1xRTT, in a 1xEV-DO, WCDMA, HSPA, such as mobile networks, when the user equipment is in close proximity to a node, there are mechanisms to trigger a handoff. Condition of the network to trigger the hand-off may be referred to as handoff conditions. For example, each of the nodes (e.g., femto node, macro node, and so on) may be configured to generate and transmit a beacon. The beacon may include a pilot channel, and the other overhead channels. Additionally, the beacon, UE are operating on different frequencies can be transmitted on multiple frequencies to detect a beacon. The UE, for example, it is also possible to use the beacon received from a node to identify the node to perform a handoff when a handoff condition is identified.

0041In some embodiments, the UE may be uniquely identified by a femto node detects a beacon or pilot signal transmitted from the femto node. In one embodiment, the beacon is transmitted from one or more femto nodes includes a pilot signal of a femto node. Pilot signals may be to uniquely identify the femto node to which they were sent. For example, the femto nodes 210 and 212 may each transmit a different pilot signal. UE (221) may receive the pilot signals from each of the two of the femto nodes 210 and 212. In some embodiments, UE (221) may generate a pilot strength measurement report (PSMR) or other indicator of signal quality. PSMR may comprise the received pilot signal. PSMR the signal strength of pilot signals (E_cp/ I_o) It can be further included. As will be additionally described below in detail, UE (221) is, it transmits the PSMR in the on or the femto node, macro node 205 in communication, and 210 and 212 the measurement report message to one or both of (MRM) You may.

0042In one embodiment, a node may only provide certain services to certain user equipment it to provision (provision) to communicate. Such a node may be referred to as a "limited" or "closed" node. In wireless communication networks comprising restricted femto nodes, a given user equipment (e.g., femto node 210), the femto nodes and macro nodes of the defined set may be served only by the. In other embodiments, a node, signaling, data access, registration, and may be restricted to not provide at least one of a paging, or service.

0043In one embodiment, the (closed subscriber group, which also may be referred to as Home Node B) a restricted femto node is a node that provides service to a restricted provisioned set of user equipment. This set may be temporarily or permanently changed to include additional or as needed, a small number of user equipment. In some aspects, a closed subscriber group ("CSG") is that (for example, the user restricted provisioned set of devices), a common access control list of a user equipment access nodes to share (e.g., femto nodes ) it may be defined as a set of. All femto nodes (or all restricted femto nodes) in a region of the channel for this operation may be referred to as a femto channel.

0044Accordingly, various relationships may exist between a given femto node and a given user equipment. For example, in view of the user equipment, open (open) femto node may refer to a femto node that does not have to be restricted connection (association). Restricted or closed femto node that is restricted in some manner may refer to (e.g., connected and / or restrictions for registration) femto node. Hybrid femto node is available to all users of a limited amount of resources that a femto node, but the rest of the femto node may refer to the operation in a limited way. Home femto node, the user equipment may refer to register / approved femto nodes to access and operate. Guest femto node may refer to temporarily join / femto node, the user equipment is authorized to access or operate. Alien (alien) femto node, the user equipment is probably in emergencies (e.g., 911 calls) may refer to a femto node to access or unauthorized to operate excluded.

0045From the restricted femto node perspective, a home user equipment may refer to a user equipment is registering / are authorized to access the restricted femto node. Guest user equipment may also refer to a user equipment has a temporary subscription / access to the restricted femto node. Alien user equipment, possibly also referring to a user equipment, except for emergency situations such as 911 calls, and that does not have permission to access the restricted femto node.

0046For convenience, the disclosure herein describes various functionality relating to the femto node. However, it should be appreciated that a pico node may provide the same or similar functionality for a larger coverage area. For example, a pico node may be restricted, home pico node may be defined for a given user equipment, it may be any other situation.

0047A wireless multiple-access communication system can support communication for a number of wireless user equipment at the same time. As described above, each user equipment may communicate with one or more nodes via transmissions on the forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from the node to the user equipment, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from the user equipment to the node. This communication link is a single-input-single-output system, a multiple-input-multiple-output ("MIMO") may be established through the system, or some other type of system.

0048The MIMO system uses a plurality of transmission antennas of the receive antenna (NT) and multiple (NR) for data transmission. A MIMO channel formed by the NT transmit and NR receive antennas is to also comprise NS independent channels is also referred to as spatial channels, where, NS≤min the {NT, NR}. Each of the NS independent channels corresponds to a dimension. When the number of transmit and the number of additional dimensions created by the reception antennas are used, MIMO systems may provide improved performance (e.g., higher throughput and / or greater reliability).

0049A MIMO system may support time division duplex ("TDD") and frequency division duplex ("FDD"). In a TDD system, the forward and reverse link transmissions, the interdependence (reciprocity) principles are present on the same frequency region so as to allow the estimation of the forward link channel from the reverse link channel. This is because when a plurality of antennas may be used in the device, the device (e.g., node, user equipment, and so on) on the forward link transmission beam-forming gain to be able to be extracted.

0050Device employing various components for communicating with at least one other device are the teachings herein may be incorporated into (e.g., node, user equipment, etc.).

00514 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary femto node, a first 410 and a first exemplary user equipment 450 in one of the communication networks of FIG. As illustrated, MIMO system 400 is a femto node 410 and the user equipment 450 (e.g., UE (222)) and a. From the femto node 410, traffic data for a number of data streams are provided to a transmit ("TX") data processor 414 from a data source 412.

0052In one embodiment, each data stream is transmitted over a respective transmit antenna. TX data processor 414 provides the coded data to the format the traffic data for each data stream, codes, and interleaves the basis of the specific coding scheme selected for each data stream.

0053The coded data for each data stream may be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques. The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and may be used at the receiver system to estimate the channel response. Then, each of the multiplexed pilot and coded data for the data stream, a specific modulation scheme selected for that data stream (e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) on the basis of modulation ( i.e., symbol maps) are to provide modulation symbols. The data rate for each data stream, coding, and modulation may be determined by instructions performed by processor 430. Data memory 432 may store program code, data, and other information used by the processor 430 or other components of the femto node 410.

0054Then, the modulation symbols for all data streams are provided to a TX MIMO processor 420, the processor (e.g., for OFDM) may further process the modulation symbols that. After that, the TX MIMO processor 420 provides NT modulation symbol streams to NT transceivers ("XCVR") in (422A through 422T). In some aspects, TX MIMO processor 420 to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna beam with the symbol is being transmitted - the application of the forming weights.

0055Each transceiver 422 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, the analog signals of further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts), the transmission over the MIMO channel to provide a modulated signal suitable for. Then, NT modulated signals from transceivers (422A through 422T) are, respectively, transmitted from the NT antennas (424A through 424T).

0056In the user equipment 450, the modulated signals transmitted are received by NR antennas (452A to 452R), the received signal from each antenna 452 is each transceiver ("XCVR") (454A to is provided to 454R). Each transceiver 454 (e. G., Filters, amplifies, and downconverts) conditioning a respective received signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processing in response to the samples. " It provides the received "symbol stream.

0057After that, the reception ("RX") data processor 460 receives the NR received symbol streams from NR transceivers 454, and the processing of the symbol stream based on a particular receiver processing technique, NT of " and it provides the detected "symbol streams. Then, RX data processor 460 demodulates each detected symbol streams, deinterleaved, and decoded to recover the traffic data for the data stream. Processing performed by the RX data processor 460 is complementary to the processing performed by TX MIMO processor 420 and TX data processor 414 at the femto node 410.

0058Processor 470 is used the pre-coding matrix may be determined periodically. The processor 470 may be formulated (formulate) a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value. The data memory 472 may store program code, data, and other information used by the processor 470 or other components of user equipment 450.

0059The reverse link message may comprise various types of information regarding the communication link and / or the received data stream. Then, the reverse link message is then processed by a TX data processor 438. Furthermore, a TX data processor 438 receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 436. The modulator 480 modulates the data streams. In addition, the transceiver (454A to 454R) are conditioning the data streams, the data streams sent back to the femto node 410.

0060From the femto node 410, the modulated signals from UE 450 may be received by antennas 424. Additionally, the transceivers 422 condition the modulated signals. A demodulator ("DEMOD") (440) demodulates the modulated signal. RX data processor 442, process the modulated signal, and extracts the reverse link message transmitted by the user equipment (450). After that, the processor 430 includes a beam-forming weights to determine which pre-coding matrix and may determine whether to use. In addition, processor 430 processes the extracted message.

0061In addition, the femto node 410 and / or user equipment 450 may comprise one or more components that perform interference control operations as taught herein. For example, an interference ("INTER") control component 490, here (e.g., user equipment 450), or another device as taught transmitting signals to and receiving signals from another device, processor 430 and the femto node 410 to / or may interact with other components. Similarly, an interference control component 492 and other devices (e.g., femto node 410) transmits signals to and from another device to receive the signal processor of the user equipment 450, 470, and / or it may interact with other components. Femto for each node 410 and user device 450, more than one function of the described component to be appreciated that there may be provided by a single component. For example, a single processing component may provide the functionality of the interference control component 490 and the processor 40. Additionally, a single processing component may provide the functionality of the interference control component 492 and the processor 470.

0062Figure 5 is a functional block diagram of a second exemplary femto node 210 in one of the communication networks of FIG. As described above, the femto node 210, also may include an implementation of the node 104 described with respect to the first, may be implemented in network 300, as described with respect to Figure 3, and / or , a femto node may be implemented according to (410) described with respect to FIG. Although the following description is made with respect to the femto node 210, those skilled in the art will appreciate that this may be implemented instead of or in addition to the femto node from the femto node 212 as described with respect to Figure 5 is shown in Fig.

0063A femto node 210 may comprise a transmitting module 502. The Transmission module 502 may be configured to transmit data to one or more user devices. For example, the transmission module 502 may be configured to transmit data stored in the data storage module 504, or some other source from a data source 412 to user equipment 222. In some embodiments, the transmission module 502 is intended to another node, for example, send data to the femto node 212 and / or the macro node 205. Sending module 502 is, for example, may also be configured to transmit data over a wireless and / or wired network as shown in FIG.

0064Sending module 502 is, for example, as described above, a beacon or pilot signal can be further configured to broadcast. A beacon or pilot signal, or may be broadcast over a plurality of channels, for example a dedicated channel or may be broadcast over a common pilot channel (CPICH). Pilot, or any user data or any other communication, such as other broadcasting signals or power to be transmitted may be determined and adjusted by the transmission module 502 and a power control module for communication 506.

0065Sending module 502 transceivers (422A through 422T), TX data processor (414), TX MIMO processor 420, and processor 430 may be implemented using one or a combination of one or more of the transmitter portion of the have. In some embodiments, the transmission module 502 includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver may be configured to modulate the outbound wireless message to proceed to the UE (222). Messages may include, for example, an antenna, may be transmitted on one or more of the antennas (424A through 424T). The antenna may be configured to communicate with the UE (222) via one or more carriers and one or more channels. It may include only information-radio message, voice and / or data. In some implementations, the transmission module 502 is configured to transmit communications over a wired connection. Transmitting module 502 may further comprise a modem. The modem may be configured to modulate the outbound wired message to proceed to the network 240.

0066As described above, the storage module 504 may be configured to store the data for transmission. The storage module 504 is other data or information, for example, it may be configured to store system parameters or control information. Data or information stored information bits, and may include any combination of symbols, or other data or representations. Storage module 504 may be implemented using the memory 432 described above with respect to FIG. In some embodiments, the storage module 504 includes a data buffer or a memory array or other data structure configured to store data. Storage module 504 may also include a plurality of those elements. When the storage module (504) configured to store the data for the transmission, storage module 504 may receive data from a number of sources. For example, data, with respect to Figure 4. Description of a data source 412 and / or generated by processor 430, or either may be received from them, for example, transceivers (422A through 422T) one or more of It may be derived from using the part information received as received.

0067Storage module 504 is a multi-access time and having different levels are different capabilities - may comprise a processing module cache, including cache hierarchy level. The storage module 504 is a random access memory (RAM), other volatile storage devices, or non-volatile storage device may comprise. Storage unit hard drives, compact disc (CD) or digital video disk (DVD) and the like optical disks, flash memory, floppy disks, and may include a magnetic tape, and a home (Zip) drive.

0068As described above, the power adjustment module 506, a signal may be configured to adjust the power to be transmitted from the transmitting module (502). The power adjustment module 506, for information, for example, received using a reception module 508, a transmission module 502, at least in part, on which is indicative of a measure or the relevant statistics deduced from the reception of the transmitted signal information by using the It may be configured to adjust the power based. The power adjustment module 506 may be further configured to adjust the power based on information determined by listening to the network module 510,.

0069In some embodiments, power control module 506, a signal to adjust the power used to transmit the signal from the transmission module 502 to be received properly throughout the femto area 215. This, for example, may be determined on the basis of information indicative of path loss or signal strength of the signal. In some embodiments, power control module 506, the macro node 205 and the femto node 212 does not interfere with the UE and the signal for receiving communications from, which is used to transmit a signal from the transmission module 502 Additionally, to adjust the power. Thus, the power adjustment module 506, a femto area 215 does not interfere with the reception of signals from the outside of the standing position, the femto area 215, the transmission module to signal to increase the likelihood of reception over the first half ( It may be configured to increase or decrease the power used to transmit signals using a 502).

0070Those skilled in the art, the power adjustment module 506 is software or hardware that may be used to implement a variety of circuits, which may include any one, or both, chips, modules, and / or to recognize the components. The power adjustment module 506 may be partially or fully implemented in the processor 430 illustrated in FIG.

0071Receiving module 508 may be configured to receive data from the at least one UE. For example, the receiving module 508 may be configured to receive data from the UE (222) shown in FIG. In some implementations, UE communicating via the femto node 210 may be referred to as Home User Equipment (HUE), for any of the femto node example, the femto node 210 and / or the femto node 212 The UE may also be referred to as a femto user equipment to communicate over. In some implementations, the receiving module 508 is configured, for example, another node, the femto node 212 and / or to receive a signal from the macro node 205. In some implementations, the receiving module 508 is configured, for example, to receive the statistics from the femto node 212 and / or the macro node 205. Receiving module 508 is, for example, as shown in Figure 2, the air and / or may be configured to receive data over a wired network.

0072In one embodiment, the receiving module 508 is configured to receive the broadcast beacon or pilot signal. As it mentioned above, or a beacon or pilot signal may be broadcast over a plurality of channels, for example a dedicated channel or may be broadcast over a common pilot channel (CPICH). Receiving module 508 may be implemented using the transceivers (422A through 422T), a demodulator (440), RX data processor 442, and processor 430 of the at least one receiver part one or a combination of these, . In some embodiments, the receiving module 508 includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver may be configured to demodulate the inbound wireless message coming from the UE (222). Messages may be received through an antenna. The antenna may be configured to communicate with the UE (222) via one or more carriers or one or more channels. It may include only information-radio message, voice and / or data. Receiving module 508 may demodulate the received data. In some embodiments, the receiving module 508 is configured to receive communications over a wired connection. Receiving module 508 may further comprise a modem. The modem may be configured to demodulate the inbound wired message arriving from the network 240.

0073Network Listen module 510 may be configured to measure the signal received by the receiving module 508, or to detect the condition of the wireless network of the femto node 210. In some embodiments, the network listening module 510 is configured based on the received signal WCDMA, GSM, TD-SCDMA, or to identify the different networks. In some embodiments, the network listening module 510 is referred to as a "sniffer (Sniffer)". Those skilled in the art, the network listening module 510 to be implemented in software or hardware to be used in either or both of the different circuits, which may include, chips, modules, and / or to recognize the components. Network Listen module 510 may be partially or fully implemented in the processor 430 illustrated in FIG.

0074In previously known systems, the receiver of a femto node, for example the signals from a macro node to a femto node that is serving the macro zone location will be configured to receive the beacon signal. In the network 200 shown in Figure 2, the receiver will receive the beacon transmitted by the macro node 205. These beacons are received, will be passed to the strength of the pilot beacon listening module of the femto nodes in the network to be measured. Transmitted from the macro node 205 and uses the measurements of the beacon, which is determined in the network listening module, the power will be determined for transmitting the signal. Thus, in known systems, the transmission power of the femto node will be adjusted so as to reduce the interference on the basis of the signals received from the adjacent (nearby) macro node. These signals are received, as representing a network environment in which femto nodes are operating, will be interpreted by the femto node. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the pilot signals may be received independently of the beacon signal. In some implementations of the network 200, the pilot signal and a beacon of both is used. In another embodiment of the network 200, the pilot signal only is used.

0075However, determining the transmission power from the received beacon from the macro node may be insufficient in many situations. For example, if the femto node is located close to the window in the house of the previously known systems, the network listening module may detect a higher interference than is present in the window inside the house. When the femto node is located inside the house communication by the UE, a femto node to the femto node, since attempts to overcome the interference is detected in the window it will transmit signals with more power than is required. It is unnecessary to transmit such a high power signal from the femto nodes may increase the area that is received. Increasing the area in this way, to be a signal from the femto nodes in a coverage area outside the intended leak of the inner house, and may interfere with the UE not communicating with the femto node. Additionally, it is unnecessary to transmit such a high-power, and may reduce the battery or other available independent of the operation time of the femto node that is powered by the power source.

0076As another example, if the femto node is located in the cellar of the house in the systems known previously, the network listening module may detect a lower interference than is present in the basement to the other inside the house. If the femto node that communicates with a UE located any distance from the cellar, since the UE also determines that the femto node is experiencing low interference, the femto node will transmit signals at a lower power than required. The transmission in this reduced power, will reduce the area that is received from the femto node signals, which may result in poor reception of a signal transmitted from a femto node. In this situation, the femto node, the femto nodes that may be available for the communication and transmits the transmission power does not adversely interfere with the UE is not still higher power to ensure adequate reception maintained.

0077On the other hand, in some embodiments described herein, the femto node 210 may be, for example, information indicating the transmission module 502, a signal of the measured value transmitted from the femto node 210 by using, for example, received It is configured to receive by using the module 508. This information may, for example, may be received from the UE located in the femto area 215, such as UE (222). This information may be used by the power adjustment module 506 for adjusting the transmission power of the signal. In this way, the femto node 210 may use information from a UE to receive a signal from the femto area 215. In some implementations, the femto node 210, a femto node, another example of the signal receiving and measuring example, may receive similar information from the femto node 212.

0078In some implementations, information indicating a measured value of a signal transmitted from the femto node 210 may be communicated to a remote femto node from the receiving UE. For example, if the UE (221) is positioned in the edge vicinity of the close to the femto area 217 in the femto area (215), UE (221) detects a signal from the femto node 210, of the signal. It may transmit information indicating the measured value to a femto node 212. Then, the femto node 212 is, for example, or may transmit the information directly to the femto node 210 via a wired or wireless link, a network 240 and / or the femto node by the macro node 205 ( It may transmit information to 210). In one embodiment, the femto node 212, a femto determining a statistic based on the communications from a plurality of UE according to the signal transmitted by the node 210, and transmits the statistic to a femto node 210 The.

0079In some embodiments, information indicating a measured value of a signal transmitted from the femto node 210 may be similar to the communication from the UE receives a macro node. For example, UE (220) that when positioned close to the femto area (215), UE (220) detects a signal from the femto node 210 and the macro node information indicating a measured value of the signal (205) It may be transmitted. Macro node 205, such as may be directly or indirectly, and similarly transmit information to the femto node 210 via a wired or wireless link through the backhaul. In one embodiment, the macro node 205 determines a statistical value on the basis of communications from a plurality of UE according to the signal transmitted by the femto node 210, and transmits the statistic to a femto node 210 .

0080In some embodiments, information indicating a measured value of a signal transmitted from the macro node 205 may be communicated to the femto node 210. This information may be sent to the femto node 210 from a UE served by the femto node 210. For example, if the UE (222) is in the vicinity of the peripheral femto area (215), UE (222) is an information receiving signals from the macro node 205 and represents a measure of the signal to the femto node 210 It may communicate. The information may include, for example, if you are in the vicinity of the vicinity of the UE femto area 215, may be sent instead to the macro node 205 by the UE (220), to be communicated to the post, the femto node 210 may. This measure of the signal of the macro node 205 may be, for example, it may be used by the femto node 210 to more accurately determine a network condition in the vicinity of the femto area 215. Therefore, the femto node 210 based on the measurements carried out only on the network listen module 510, instead of performing the family, the environment throughout the femto area 215 may be able to determine more accurately.

0081Referring still to Figure 5, the femto node 210 may further include a registration unit (512). The registration unit 512 may include information identifying at least one UE is authorized to communicate using the femto node 210. In one embodiment, as described above, UE identified by the information in the registration unit 512 may include a CSG, or a closed user group (CUG). In the closed femto node, the UE only those identified in the register unit 512 through the use of a transmit module 502 and receive module 508 is authorized to communicate with another UE. Thus, the macro area 230 and / or femto area may be UE will detect the signal transmitted by the femto node 210 in the unit 217 may request a registration to the femto node 210. However, these UE have their properties If it is not identified by the unit 512, it will be allowed to register on the femto node 210.

0082In some embodiments, the registration unit 512, or may be implemented as part of a storage module 504, storage module 504 may be implemented as part of the registration unit 512. In other embodiments, the registration unit 512 is, for example, on the basis of the information stored in the storage module 504 at least in part, operates with the storage module 504 for identifying a registered UE. Information identifying the UE in the registration module, data bits, and may include any combination of symbols, or other information or representation. The registration unit 512 may be implemented using the memory 432 described above with respect to FIG. In some embodiments, the registration unit 512 includes a data buffer or a memory array or other data structure configured to store data. For example, the registration unit 512 may include a table that stores the unique identifier or the device ID for the UE is registered. The device ID may include any number of identifiers that may be used to identify a device. For example, the device ID is a serial number, phone number, mobile identification number (MIN), electronic serial number (ESN), International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI), International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI), or may be used to identify the device, which may include any of the other identifiers. The registration unit 512 may also include a plurality of those elements.

0083The registration unit 512, a multi-different levels having different capacity and access speed - may comprise a processing module cache, including cache hierarchy level. Further, the registration unit 512 is a random access memory (RAM), other volatile storage devices, or non-volatile storage devices, and / or identify the UE or the UE is a processing circuit configured to determine not been identified in the registration unit It may comprise. For example, the registration unit 512 may include a processor 430 or a portion thereof. The storage unit stores the hard drive in the registration unit 512, a compact disc (CD) or digital video disk (DVD) and the like optical disks, flash memory, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, comprise a home (Zip) drive may.

0084* In some embodiments, the femto node 210 is configured to adjust the transmit power on the basis of the registration attempt is not successful. For example, a request for registration, for example, may be received from the UE by the access module 508. UE is, for example, after the registration unit 512 determines that no registration to the femto node 210 by using the transmission power is, for example, may be adjusted by using the power adjustment module 506. In some embodiments, the transmission module 502, a power for transmitting signals using, the registration unit 512 to or registration based on the request for a plurality of received registration from the UE which are not identified in the Based on the statistics calculated from request is controlled by the power adjustment module 506. In some situations, improper registration attempts are described, for example, an indication of excessive interference in the vicinity of the femto area 215. As an example, if the femto node 210, a plurality of the UE are not registered with the requested service from the femto node 210, The UE will may be to identify the femto node 210 as the strongest transmission source, the femto node 210 may be transmitted to a very large power.

00856 is a functional block diagram of a second exemplary user equipment 222 in one of the communication networks of FIG. As described above, UE (222) may be implemented in accordance with the UE (450), which is described with respect to Figure 4 can be, and / or including an implementation of the node 106 described with respect to FIG. The following description is, but done on UE (222), one of ordinary skill in the art Figure 6 the UE is also described with respect to 6 are shown in the UE, (220 and 221) be implemented instead of the addition or by any one or both of It will be appreciated that there may.

0086The UE (222) may comprise a receiving module 620. The receiving module may be configured to receive a signal from a femto node and / or the macro node. For example, the receiving module 602 may be configured to receive a signal from the femto node 210 and / or the macro node 205 shown in FIG. As described above, a signal, or may comprise a beacon or pilot it may also include data to be sent to the UE (222). As described above, a beacon or pilot signal, or may be received over a plurality of channels, for example, a dedicated channel may be received over a common pilot channel (CPICH). Similarly, the data may be received via one or more channels. For example, if the UE is in an active call (call) signal may include audio data. Receiving module 602 is, for example, data as shown in Figure 2 may be configured to receive over the air.

0087In one embodiment, the receiving module 602 is configured to receive the broadcast beacon or pilot signal. A receiving module 602, the transceiver (454A-454R), RX data processor 460, and processor 470 may be implemented using one or a combination of one or more parts of the receiver. In some embodiments, the receiving module 602 includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver, the femto node 210, the femto node 212 and / or may be configured to demodulate the inbound wireless message coming from the macro node 205. Messages may be received through an antenna. The antenna may be configured to one or more carriers and a femto node on one or more channels 210, the femto node 212 and / or the macro node 205 and the communication path. It may include only information-radio message, voice and / or data. Receiving module 602 may demodulate the received data. In some implementations, the receive module 602 is configured to receive communications over a wired connection.

0088UE (222) may further comprise a signal measurement module 604. Signal measurement module, for example, may be configured by using the access module 602 to calculate a measure of the received signal. In some embodiments, the signal measurement module 604 is configured to determine the strength of the signal, interference, path loss, and / or leakage (seepage). For example, the signal measurement module may be configured to determine the received signal code power (RSCP) of the signal. In some embodiments, the signal measurement module 604 may be configured to calculate a measure of the pilot signal. For example, the signal measurement module 604, a total received power spectral density of the pilot signals (E_c/ I_o) For the chip it may be configured to calculate the energy per. Those skilled in the art, the signal measurement module 604 to either or which may be used to implement a variety of software or hardware in the circuit, which may include both, chips, modules, and / or to recognize the components. Signal measurement module 604 may be implemented partially or completely in the processor 470 shown in FIG.

0089UE (222) may further include a registration module 606. Registration module, a communication through the node or the nodes, for example, may be configured to generate a request to register on the femto node 210. The request may be transmitted by the transmission module 608. UE (222), a power-on (power on) after a request for a service for the first time or if the hand-off is to be preferred if, the registration module 606 may be configured to generate a request for the registration. In some embodiments, the registration module 606 determines the node to request a registration on the basis of measurements from the signal measurement module 604. For example, when the signals from several nodes are received by the receiving module 602, a registration module 606, UE (222) that a signal was received by any node or highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) It may determine that it must communicate with the node that sent. If the UE (222) is not currently communicating via the node that has transmitted the signal that was received with the highest SNR, the registration module 606 may generate a request to register the node. The identification of a higher SNR may also include a hand-off condition, the hand-off condition has been described above. Information indicating the signal measurements from the signal measuring module 604 may be transmitted with the request.

0090In some embodiments, the registration module 606, UE (222) register that is set to allow the communication with the node module 606 configured to generate a request to register the node only if it can be identified. In some embodiments, UE (222), for example, may be configured to store the set of nodes allowed in the storage module 610, and a registration module 606, the node is a node in the set of allowed node As it can be identified only if the may be configured to request a registration to the node. For example, the set of allowed nodes may include femto nodes 210 and all macro node. If the UE (222) the first position to the macro area 230 and enters then the femto area 210, a registration module 606 to identify the signal from the femto node 210 and registered in the femto area 210 You may try. As another example, the femto node 212 may be a closed femto nodes, UE (222) may not be a part of the CSG for the femto node 212. UE (222), the femto area 215 from the femto area 217 to move so long, the registration module 606, a receiving module 602, the femto node 212 from the pilot signal received even when the femto node 212, the It can be suppressed with a request to communicate over.

0091In some embodiments, the registration module 606 is, for example, if the interference condition is detected, and may be configured with the transmission module 608 to generate a communication for transmission to the node interference. Interference term can be determined based on measurements from the signal measurement module 604. For example, interference conditions, or because of interference from a signal to be transmitted by the other node a path loss of a pilot signal from the home node of the UE (222) may be identified if it exceeds a threshold. Interference over communication addressed to the interfering node, - di - may be air (OTA) comprises a message. In some embodiments, this communication, the registration module 606, the UE (222) is generated only if the identification not being allowed to communicate with the interfering node and / or transmitted. Interference communication may be transmitted using a random access channel (RACH) procedure, E for the signals received from the interference nodes_c/ I_o Or it may comprise the RSCP. If the person skilled in the art are allowed to communicate with the UE (222) is interfering nodes,, UE (222) is recognized that there may be registered easily in the interference node, and transmits the interference measurement on the interference mode while communicating with the interfering node will. However, if the UE (222) is not permitted to communicate with the interfering node, without the expectation that the node acknowledges the interference communication or communication to guide the UE (222), special interference communication can be transmitted to the interfering node.

0092Registration module 606 using any number of methods or techniques of identifying the different networks and may distinguish between these. In some embodiments, each pilot signal includes a physical layer identifier, such as which nodes have an offset pseudo noise (PN) short code can be used to identify the identifying pilot. In other embodiments, the nodes may be identified by a location area code (LAC). For example, each of the femto nodes in the network 200 may be identified by a unique LAC. Additionally, macro nodes, or it may be identified by a unique LAC, and in some embodiments may share one or more other macro nodes and LAC. Those skilled in the art will recognize other methods or techniques that may be used to identify the network of the sending node or the transmitting node.

0093In some embodiments, UE (222) is to determine if allowed to access the femto node, the registration module 606 to read the L3 overhead messages, such as system information of the femto node broadcast (SIB) of, may. The L3 overhead messages, by a femto node may be broadcast periodically, and may be received with the receiving module 602. System information may include identity information, such as the CSG ID and / or a cell ID that uniquely identifies the femto node. System information, the access mode of the femto node may further comprise an indicator (e.g., closed, open, or hybrid). Thus, the registration module 606, the UE may determine how to identify that, and also can access the femto node, the femto node unique. For example, such information may be used in conjunction with the stored set of femto nodes are allowed or permitted cells.

0094Those skilled in the art, the registration module 606 may be implemented in software or hardware of any one or both can be included in the various circuits, chips, modules, and / or components to be recognizable. Registration module 606 may also be partially or fully implemented in the processor 470 illustrated in FIG.

0095As described above, the transmission module 608, for example, the femto node 210 and / or nodes, such as the macro node 205 may be configured to transmit a message or communication. As described above, the transmission module 608 may be configured to send a request and / or interference in respect of communication to the node. Transmission module 608 may be further configured to transmit the information indicating the measurement or measurements from the signal measurement module 604,. In some embodiments, the transmission module may be configured to transmit data and may be configured to transmit communications to another UE. Sending module 608, the information from the signal measurement module 604, the communications from the registration module 606, storage module 610, data stored in the data from a data source 436, or some other source It may be configured to transmit. Sending module 608 is, for example, as shown in Fig. 2 may be configured to transmit data wirelessly.

0096Sending module 606, transceivers (454A-454R), the modulator (480), TX data processor 438, and processor 470 of the at least one transmitter portions of one or a combination of use and implementation be can also be . In some embodiments, the transmission module 606 includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver macro node 205, a femto node may be configured 210, and / or to modulate the outbound wireless message to the femto node to process 212. Messages antenna, for example, may be transmitted on one or more of the antennas (452A-452R). The antenna may be of one or more carriers and macro node via one or more channels 205, the femto node 210 and / or the femto node 212 to communicate. Wireless messages are voice and / or data may comprise a read-only information.

0097As described above, the storage module 610, for example, may be configured by using the transmission module 608 to store the data for transmission. The storage module 610 is other data or information, for example, information for identifying the transmitting node or the UE (222) information for identifying the information or the preferred node for a set of nodes that are allowed to register It may be configured to store. In one embodiment, UE (222) is information for identifying a CSG belongs is stored in the table in the storage module 610. Data or information stored information bits, and may include any combination of symbols, or other data or representations. Storage modules may be implemented using the memory 472 described above with respect to FIG. In some embodiments, the storage module 610 includes a data buffer or a memory array or other data structure configured to store data or information. Storage module 610 may also include a plurality of those elements.

0098Storage module 610 is a multi-access time and having different levels of different power-level profile, including the three-layer cache may include cache caching module. The storage module 610 is a random access memory (RAM), other volatile storage devices, or non-volatile storage device may comprise. Storage unit hard drives, compact disc (CD) or digital video disk (DVD) and the like optical disks, flash memory, floppy disk, and may include a magnetic tape, and drive home.

00997 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary macro node 205 in one of the communication networks of FIG. As described above, the macro node 210 may comprise one embodiment of node 104 as described with respect to Figure 1 and / or, also may be implemented in network 300, as described with respect to FIG. In some embodiments, the macro node 205 may be implemented using components similar to the components described with respect to the femto node 410 shown in FIG.

0100Macro node 205 may include a receiving module 702. The Receiving module 702 may be configured to receive data from the at least one UE. For example, the receiving module 702 may be configured to receive data from the UE (220) shown in FIG. In some embodiments, the macro node 205 in communication with the UE is referred to as Macro User Equipment (MUE). It may be of the receiving module 702 to receive from the UE (220) information representing a measurement of the signal received by the UE (220),. For example, the information may comprise a measure of the quality of the pilot signal received by the UE (220) from the femto node 210. Measured, for example, shown in Figure 6 to describe a signal measurement module 604 may include any signal measurements described above. Receiving module 702 is, for example, as shown in Figure 2 may be configured to receive data over a wireless and / or wired network. In some embodiments, the receiving module 702 is configured to directly or, for example, a femto node, or via a backhaul network 240, receiving communications from the femto node (210 and / or 212).

0101A receiving module 702, transceivers (422A-422T), a demodulator (440), RX data processor 442, and processor 430 of the at least one receiver portion and similar elements of one or a combination of use It may be implemented. In some embodiments, the receiving module 702 includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver may be configured to demodulate the inbound wireless message coming from the UE (220). Messages may be received through an antenna. The antenna may be configured to communicate with the UE (220) via one or more carriers and one or more channels. It may include only information-radio message, voice and / or data. Receiving module 702 may demodulate the received data. Receiving module 702 may further comprise a modem. The modem may be configured to demodulate the inbound wired message arriving from the network (240).

0102Macro node 205 may further include a statistics module 704. Statistics module 704 may be configured to calculate or determine a statistical value from the information received via the reception module (702). For example, a receiving module 702, when receiving a plurality of communications relating to the measure of the received signal, statistics module 704 may calculate the average measurement value. In some embodiments, the statistics module 704 is configured to receive module 702 determines the number of different devices that receive the measured value,. For example, if the receiving module 702 receives the three measurements on the received signal from the two measurements and the femto node from the UE (220) from the UE (221), a receiving module 702 may measure 2 One unique and may determine that the reception from the UE of. Information for determining the statistics may be stored in the storage module 706. Statistics module 704 may be configured (aggregate) to collect information from a plurality of communication. For example, a list of all measured values ​​are received by the receiving module 702 over a specific time period may be gathered by the statistical module 704. Although the following description is to refer to the statistic calculated by the statistics module 704, those skilled in the art will recognize that there may also be applied to a group (aggregate) of the data collected by the following description statistics module 704.

0103The average measurement value or other statistics may be calculated for a specific time or period by the regular interval. For example, statistics module 704 may be configured to determine the mode indicated by all of the SNR measurements received in the past time. These measurements are, or may be calculated every time, for example, may be calculated at the time of occurrence of the identified event. For example, statistics module 704 may, for example, all measurements may calculate the average signal quality from all measurements that are received within a specified time frame, on receipt of a request from a node for transmitting a signal based . In some embodiments, the request may include a specific time frame. As another example, the statistics module 704, the number of received measurements may determine when it exceeds the threshold, then, may calculate a statistical value such as the average or maximum of measurements from the received measurements.

0104In some embodiments, the statistics module 704 is information about the number of other nodes, for example, and is configured to hold in the storage module 706. For example, the receiving module 702 may receive information indicative of the calculated measurement from a signal transmitted from the femto node 210 and the femto node 212 both. Statistics module 704, distinguishing between measurements made on the signals from each of these femto nodes may be configured to determine the statistics for each node individually. Those skilled in the art, the statistics module 704, in some embodiments, for example, the femto node 210 and macro node, a statistics on the number of nodes in the group of the 205 also may be configured to calculate It will be appreciated.

0105In some embodiments, the measurements do not meet the predetermined conditions are not considered when calculating a statistical value. For example, statistics module 704 E exceeding a certain threshold value,_c/ I_oThe number of devices that receive a signal from the femto node 210 may be configured to determine a. Less than this threshold value E_c/ I_oMeasurements indicating they may be ignored by the statistical module 704. Similarly, statistics can be calculated from all measurements represent the SNR is less than a given threshold.

0106In some embodiments, the statistics module 704 may be configured to determine the distribution (distribution). For example, statistics module 704 may be configured to determine the number of unique device that receives a signal from the femto node 210 has a RSCP in each of a plurality of ranges. Thus, the statistics module 704, the three devices was reported that receives a signal including the RSCP of -100dBm to -90dBm, it was reported that six devices to receive a signal of -90dBm to -80dBm with the RSCP, one the device may determine that receives a signal including a reported RSCP of -80dBm to -70dBm. In some embodiments, the statistics module 704 is configured to distinguish between the types of measurement to be received by the receiving device module 702. For example, in the above-mentioned distribution, the statistics module 704,-90dBm to-80dBm RSCP of the signal with which the receiving device 6 are two femto nodes and four in the UE can be made to determine that. Statistics module 704 is, for example, by correlation with tables of known device types to the device ID using any number of methods or techniques may be adapted to distinguish the device.

0107Those skilled in the art, the statistics module 704 of the software or hardware that may be used to implement any one or a variety of circuits which may be containing both, chips, modules, and / or to recognize the components. Statistics module 704 may be implemented partially or fully in the elements similar to the processor 430 shown in FIG.

0108As described above, the storage module 706, to calculate a statistical value or decision, received using a reception module 702 and / or may be configured to store information used by the statistical module 704. A storage module 706, for example, may be further configured to use the transmitting module 708 to store the data for transmission. The storage module 708 may be configured to store data or other information as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Storage modules may be implemented using the memory 432 and similar elements described above with respect to FIG. In some embodiments, the storage module 706 includes a data buffer or a memory array or other data structure configured to store data or information. Storage module 706 may also include a plurality of those elements.

0109A storage module 706, multi different levels having different capacity and access speed - may comprise a processing module cache, including cache hierarchy level. The storage module 706 is a random access memory (RAM), other volatile storage devices, or non-volatile storage device may comprise. Storage unit, hard drives, compact disc (CD) or digital video disk (DVD) and the like optical disks, flash memory, floppy disks, and may include a magnetic tape, and drive home.

0110As described above, the transmission module 708 is, for example, may be configured to transmit data to the UE (220). The transmission module 708, statistics or information indicating the statistics determined by the statistical module 704 for example, may be configured to transmit to the femto node, such as the femto node 210. In some embodiments, the transmission module 708 is configured, for example, to send a message to the UE (220) via a wireless link. In some embodiments, the transmission module 708 is, for example, configured to send a message to the network 240 via a wired link. Messages may include, for example, when sent to the femto node, such as the femto node 210, through the RNC, and / or may be communicated using the RANAP protocol. In one embodiment, messages are communicated via the backhaul using a RIM process. In some previously known systems, there are Global System (GSM) network and a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) radio access network (RAN) mechanism for communicating information among a network for mobile communication. However, in some embodiments described herein, the RAN mechanisms have been described for communicating between the two UMTS networks.

0111Sending module 708 is transceivers (422A-422T), TX data processor (414), TX MIMO processor 420, and processor 430, at least one of the transmitter section and the similar elements of one or a combination of use It may be implemented. In some embodiments, the transmission module 708 includes an antenna and a transceiver. The transceiver may be configured to modulate the outbound wireless message to proceed to the UE (220) or the femto node 210. Messages antenna, for example, may be transmitted on similar antenna and one or more of the antennas (424A-424T). The antenna may be configured to communicate with the UE (220) or the femto node 210 via one or more carriers and at least one channel. It may include only information-radio message, voice and / or data. Transmitting module 708 may further comprise a modem. The modem may be configured to modulate the outbound wired message to proceed to the network 240.

01128 is a user equipment, for example, illustrates an exemplary method 800 for communication to the UE (222). Method 800 As will be described later with regard to the element of the UE (222), one of ordinary skill in the art may be used to implement one or more of the steps other components described herein, a method 800 executed by other devices It will be appreciated that also.

0113In step 802, a signal is received from the femto node. For example, the receiving module 602 may receive a pilot signal or a data communication from the femto node 210. Signal may be received over the air, or may be directed to the UE (222) guided by the other device and may be sent by the UE.

0114In step 804, the signal received in step 804, based at least in part, for example, the measurement signal is calculated by the measurement module 604. The measurement may be any of the measured values ​​as described above. For example, measurements PSMR, E_c/ I_o Or it may comprise the received pilot in step 804. Measure may represent the path loss for a typical signal quality or strength, or received signal. The measurement may also include information indicating the amount of leakage or fading of the SNR of the received signal or signals. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other measurements may be calculated at step 804.

0115In some embodiments, UE (222) calculates a statistical value in step 804. Statistics may be similar to that described above with respect to Figure 7 statistic. For example, the signal measurement module 604 may be configured to calculate the average measurement value from a plurality of signals received from the femto node 210 from the receiving module 602,. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other statistics may be calculated in step 804.

0116Continues at step 806 with information indicating the determined measured values ​​in step 804 is transmitted to the serving node of the UE (222). UE (222), the serving node for use in communicating with other devices, UE (222) may be a different node, a femto node, or may be the same as that received signals in step 802. For example, UE (222) is shown in Figure 2 as being located within the femto area 215. While in the femto area (215), UE (222) may communicate with UE (221) by using the femto node 210 as the serving node. UE (222), the step receiving a pilot signal from the femto node 210 at 802 and, further determining a measure of the pilot in 804, step a femto node, information indicating a measured value at 806 (210) It may be sent back to.

0117As another example, UE (220) may be a situation which is located in the vicinity of the femto area 215. UE (220) is used, the macro node 205 to communicate with other devices, however, UE (220) may detect a signal from a femto node, or received (210). This is, the femto node 210 may be referred to as "observation (see)". In step (804), UE (220) calculates a signal from a femto node in a measure of 210, in step 806, the UE (220) transmits the information indicating the measurement to the macro node 205. Similarly, if the UE (221) is positioned in the vicinity of the femto area (215), UE (221) even during the femto node 212 with an active communication, UE (221) broadcasts the pilot by the femto node 210 You may receive signals. UE (221) is configured to determine a measure of the received pilot signal, it is also possible to transmit the measured value to the femto node 212.

0118Information indicating the measurement or measurements may be transmitted over the air to the serving node, in step 806. Additionally, information may be sent to any number or manner of the use of any number of techniques. For example, UE (222) may transmit the MRM having information therein.

0119Transmitted in the step of measurement of the (804) crystal and / or step 806, or may be performed in any number, and may be triggered by any number of ways. For example, only when the measured value determined in step 804 exceeds a certain threshold, the information may be transmitted in step 806. In some embodiments, the femto node 210 from the received signal are successively (in a row) for a predetermined number of times is less than the threshold value only, or may be information sent in step 806. For example, UE (222) when the receiving successively three pilot signal from the femto node 210 having an SNR less than the threshold, UE (222) determines the minimum of the SNR or another statistic, and femto it It may be sent to the node 210.

0120In another embodiment, the statistic is determined in step 804 with a regular interval and / or may be transmitted in step 806. In some embodiments, the determination and / or transmission of the measurement is triggered by a predetermined event. For example, in response to a request received from the femto node 210 may be the measurement is transmitted in step 806 may be determined at step 804. In some embodiments, steps 804 and 806 is, the UE (222) is performed if the hand-off from one node to another node. In such a situation, UE (222) can transmit the measured values ​​to the node immediately after the hand-off or immediately before the hand-off. The measurement may be for the signals received from the serving node to the new or old (old) serving nodes. In some embodiments, the information indicating the measurement, if the UE (222) is observed for a femto node that is not currently serving the UE (222), it is transmitted in step 806.

0121When in the active mode, one of ordinary skill in the art, for example, during a communication the user data while in the call state, or the method 800 will recognize that this may be performed by the UE (222). Therefore, the information may be transmitted in step 806 with the other of the active transmission. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the method may be performed while the passive mode, in some embodiments.

0122Those skilled in the art to receive a signal from the macro node 205, for example, to use the receiving module 602 receives a signal from the macro node in step 802. Similar to the method 800 is that there may be It will be appreciated. In step 804, measurement of the signal is, for example, be determined may or by a signal measurement module 604, the measurements are, for example, may be transmitted in step 806 by the transmission module 608. For example, measurement, or it may be sent to the femto node 210 by the UE (222),, UE (220), for example, if the transmission of measured values, the femto node by the macro node 205, 210 It may be relayed to. In one embodiment, if the UE is to be handed off to a femto node from the macro node, a measurement value from a macro node to the femto node transmits. In other embodiments, the femto node may be, for example, from the UE to the femto or macro nodes and macro nodes to observe both the macro node, a node may request measurements from itself. Those skilled in the art, for example, when the determined distance or a macro node determines that the measured glass macro node, macro node, a measure will be aware of other conditions that may be transmitted to the femto node.

0123The method 800 may be performed similarly by devices other than the UE (222). For example, a neighboring femto node may be UE (222) is similar to the way of performing the method 800 performs the method 800. In one embodiment, method 800 is implemented by a femto node 212. In step 802, the femto node 212 may be, for example, by using the reception module 508 receives a signal from the femto node 210. In step 804, the femto node 212 may determine a measure of the received signal. Femto node 212, or can use the network, listening module 510 to perform step 804, the femto node 212 may include a description of the signal measurement module 604, similar to the module about the UE (222) may. In step 806, the femto node 212 may be, for example, it is also possible to use the transmission module 502 transmits the information indicating the measurement to the femto node 210. In some embodiments, the transmission may be made directly to the femto node 210 via a wireless link. In some embodiments, for transmission to the femto node 210, the macro node information, for example, is transmitted to the macro node 205. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some embodiments they may similarly be used to communicate information indicative of the measurements to the femto node 210 of the macro node 205.

01249 is a node, for example, illustrates an exemplary method 900 for communication to the macro node 205. Method 900 As will be described later with regard to the elements of the macro node 205, those skilled in the art, other components may be used to implement one or more of the steps described herein, the method 900 is to the other device It will be appreciated that executed by.

0125In step 902, the information indicating the measurement or measurements, for example, is received with the receiving module 702. UE measurements or information is, for example, UE (220) or another node, for example, may be received from the femto node 212. Measurements or information, for example, or may be directly received from another device via a wireless link, a network 240, for example, may be received over the backhaul.

0126In step 904, if a plurality of measurements are received, for example, the statistics by the statistics module 704 may be calculated. Statistics may comprise any statistics discussed above with respect to Figure 7, may be calculated using any method described herein or art. For example, statistics may be calculated as the mean, mode, the count or quantity, or distribution. Statistics or be a current measurement and past measurements going on and using (ongoing) calculated received in step 904, the statistics may be limited to a specific time period. Time period, or may be established in advance as a default time period, the time period is, for example, at the request received from the femto node 210 may be set or reset periodically. Those skilled in the art, will be determined from the statistics and other statistics may be calculated in step 904 to recognize that other techniques may be used.

0127In step 906, at least a portion of the information which is indicative of a measure or statistic is transmitted to the femto node associated with the measurement. For example, in 902, if the macro node 205 receives a measurement of the signal transmitted by the femto node 210, the macro node 205 at step 906, the measured value or a statistical value deduced from the measurements It will be sent to the femto node 210. In some embodiments, the node ID or the cell ID is received along with the measurement value in step 902. This information, which is the signal that is associated with a femto node may be used to identify whether the measured value transmission. Identification information may include data identifying the pilot signals or PN sequence that may be used to identify the appropriate node or femto-cell. Those skilled in the art will recognize the various identifiers and techniques to identify the femto node or cell. In some embodiments, the statistics determined in step 902 and the measurement step 904 is transmitted to the femto nodes received at step 906.

0128The information which is indicative of a measure or statistic may be sent to the femto node at step 906 in any number of ways. For example, as described above, the transmission, for example, may be made directly to the femto node via a wireless channel. In one embodiment, the macro node 205 transmits the information indicating the measure or statistic over the air to the femto node 210. In other embodiments, the transmission may be routed using the above, through the RNC, and / or RANAP protocol described above. In an embodiment, information which is indicative of a measure or statistic is communicated via the backhaul using a RIM process.

0129Transmitted in the step 904 in the determination of the statistic and / or step 906 may be carried out under various conditions. For example, the measurements received in step 902, are, or they may be received as soon as they are individually forwarded to the femto node, a plurality of measurements have been collected may be forwarded to the femto node.

0130In some embodiments, the transmission in step 904 in the determination of the statistic and / or step 906 is performed at a particular time or time interval. For example, the macro node 205 and collects all measurements received during the day (Day), may store them in the storage module 706. In every predetermined time, for example, while he or early morning control communication time or the device update time at the end of the day, the macro node 205 or may forward all measurements received on that day, from that measurement It may forward the calculated statistic. In other embodiments, the macro node 205 may calculate a statistical value from all of the measurements received in the past 6 hours at step 904, it is also possible to transmit the statistics in step 906.

0131In some embodiments, the transmission in step 904, determine and / or steps in the statistics of 906 is event-driven. For example, in response to a request from the femto node, the statistics are determined in step 904, subsequently, the femto node may be transmitted in step 906. In some embodiments, if the measured value exceeds a predetermined threshold, the statistics calculated in the step 904 is transmitted to only the femto node only. Those skilled in the art, step 904, from the statistics of the crystal and / or step 906 in the other events that can trigger the transmission, or the above-described time period other than the, or the other techniques described herein It will be appreciated techniques.

0132Those skilled in the art, the method 900, the macro node, for example, will recognize that may be used to forward information indicating the measured signal from the macro node 205. For example, in step 902, the information indicating the measurement of the signal, for example, may be used for receiver module 702 received from the UE (220). In step 906, at least a portion of information may include, for example, may use the transmitting module 708 to be communicated to the femto node 210.

0133Method 900 may be performed similarly by devices other than the macro node 205. For example, a neighboring femto node, macro node 205 may be similar to the way of performing the method 900 performs the method 900. In one embodiment, from a way (900 is implemented by the femto node 212. The step (at 902), the femto node 212 may be, for example, another device, information indicating a measured value or measured value UE (221), For example, it receives using a reception module 508. In step 904, the femto node may determine a statistical value from the received measured values ​​or information. In this embodiment, the femto node 212, macro node ( may include a description of statistics module 705 similar to the module with respect to 205). In step 906, for example, the femto node 212 transmits the information indicating the measure or statistic to the femto node 210 The information which is indicative of a measure or statistic may be transmitted by the transmission module 502. In some embodiments, the transmission is made directly to the femto node 210 over a radio link. In some embodiments, the information are transmitted to the macro node, such as the macro node 205 for transmission to the femto node 210. Accordingly, method 900, the measurement is the measurement until received by the femto node that corresponds to the measured values a may also be used by a plurality of nodes or devices for receiving and forwarding. In some embodiments, the measurement until the packets reach their destination system in a similar manner and is forwarded on the Internet Protocol (IP) network, , the femto nodes and / or the macro node forwarding among Further, measurements may be forwarded to and from the UE or UE.

0134Figure 10 is a femto node, for example, it illustrates an exemplary method 1000 for adjusting transmit power for a femto node 210. Method 900 is As will be described later with regard to the elements of the femto node 210, those skilled in the art, other components may be used to implement one or more of the steps described herein, the method 900 is to the other device It will be appreciated that executed by.

0135In step 1002, the signal is, for example, is transmitted using a transmission module 502. The As described above, the signal may include a pilot signal may be transmitted over one or more channels. For example, the signal may be a pilot signal transmitted over the CPICH. In some embodiments, a signal encoding the user data or voice.

0136In step 1004, the information indicating the measurement or measure of the signal, for example, is received by the receiving module 508. Measured value or information indicating that the UE measurement, or nodes, for example, the UE (222) or the femto node 212 or may be received over the air from the macro node 205. In some embodiments, the information of the measured values ​​or measured value is received via a wired connection. In some embodiments, as described above, transmission may be received from the RNC by using and / or RANAP protocol. In an embodiment, information which is indicative of a measure or statistic is received via the backhaul using a RIM process.

0137In some embodiments, step 1004 includes, in addition to or instead of the measured value measured for receiving a statistics of the plurality of measured values. Statistics may be received using any of the methods or techniques described above.

0138Go to step 1006 and the transmission power is, for example, the transmission unit 502 adapted to modify the power used to transmit a subsequent signal. For example, the transmission power may be controlled by the power adjustment module 506. In some embodiments, the transmission power is adjusted after receiving all the measurements and / or statistics. In other embodiments, the transmission power is adjusted after receiving the measured value and / or the statistical value of the predetermined number. In some embodiments, the power is always adjusted after a predetermined interval or a specific event. Therefore, the transmission power will be decreased or increased since the subsequent sheet interval or event.

0139In other embodiments, the power adjustment module 506 may determine whether or not to adjust the transmit power or adjustment. For example, power control module 506, the received measured values ​​and / or the statistics may determine that the power adjustment required if they are within a predetermined range. Therefore, the transmission power of the femto node 210 may be maintained in a substantially static or constant for a considerable amount of time.

0140Transmission power of the transmission module 502 may be adjusted based on any of the above-described statistical statistic. For example, the femto node 210 may be received from the macro region to the macro node statistic of the average interference experienced by the MUE in at 230, 205 due to the signal transmitted by the femto node 210, may. In step 1006, the power adjustment module 506, the average interference is higher than the first threshold, it is also possible to reduce the transmission power of the femto node 210. If the average interference is less than the second threshold value, or the femto node 210 it does not receive any information related to interference with the MUE, the power adjustment module 506 may increase the transmission power. The first and second thresholds may be the same or may be different in some embodiments.

0141In some embodiments, the power adjustment module 506 is configured to adjust the transmit power by a predetermined amount each time the transmission power is changed. For example, step 1002 in the transmitted signal from the determined SNR is the threshold value more smaller are indicative measure the femto node 210, the UE (222) from the receiving to the case, the power adjustment module 506 is predetermined It may increase the amount power.

0142In some embodiments, the transmission power is adjusted in proportion to the difference between the received measurement value and the target measurement. For example, if it receives from the phase measurement to a femto node to indicate that the signal quality of the transmission signal is lower than the target quality in 1002 210 UE (222), the power adjustment module 506 is measured The signal may increase the power by an amount proportional to the difference between the quality and the target quality. Thus, the power adjustment module 506, the amount of adjusting the transmit power, [Delta] P = A * (P_Target-P_measured) It may be determined as where, A is a certain scaling factor (scaling factor). Or a factor may be a constant, for instance, may be changed based on the received communication or variable environmental conditions, as determined by listening to the network module 510.

0143In some embodiments, the femto node 210 may be configured to determine or estimate the range of the signals that are broadcast in step 1002. For example, the femto node 210 may be configured to receive information indicative of the path loss in step 1004, it is also possible to use the information to estimate the path loss of size or femto coverage areas 215. Based on this estimate, the power adjustment module 506 may be changed when the transmission power to attempt to match the desired coverage area of ​​the femto area 215. In some embodiments, the desired coverage area is static. In other embodiments, more than one UE, for the example, may be determined the position of the UE (222), the coverage area may be based on the position. As another example, the transmission power of the femto nodes 210, may be adjusted based on the distance from the transmission module 502, where the UE registered with the femto node 210 may handoff to a different serving node.

0144This power can be adjusted using the term calibration method and / or long-term calibration method. In one embodiment, the short-term calibration method may also include adjusting the transmit power in order to match to the target measurement value of a measure of the transmitted signal (Conform). For example, the measurement target is, for specific UE, served by a femto node for 210, and may have up to the interference of the UE (222). When receiving a signal transmitted in step (1002) UE (222) indicates the measured value received in the step 1004 that it is experiencing a greater interference than the maximum interference, the power adjustment module 506 temporarily the transmission power It may be increased by. If the UE (222) is no longer a femto node, a further measurement indicates that no experience 210 receives greater interference than the maximum interference, power control module 506 may, for example, the transmit power, before the power as it may be decreased. Alternatively, transmission power may be gradually increased according to a schedule restoration. In some embodiments, the target UE for measurements, for example, is served by a node other than the femto node 210, and a maximum coherence of UE (220). In these embodiments, power control module 506, when the UE (220) that experience interference that exceeds the maximum interference, the femto node 210, the transmission power in order to protect the UE (220) from the unwanted interference by the It may be temporarily reduced. If the UE (220) does not further experience greater interference than the maximum interference, power control module 506 may increase the transmission power.

0145In one embodiment, the long-term calibration method may include adjusting the default transmit power on the basis of the measurements or statistics that represents the time period. For example, in step 1004, the femto node 210 may be received from the macro node statistic stage, which represents the amount of the MUE that the transmitted signal observed in 1002, 205 throughout the day. The amount is larger than the threshold value, the power adjustment module 506 may transmit the next day they begin to adjust the default transmit power in step 1006 to transmit the new transmission power.

0146In some embodiments, short-term and long-term correction system calibration method may be combined. For example, if a short-term correction method is the use of more than the maximum number of times in a 12 hour time frame, the power adjustment module 506 may be configured to adjust the default transmit power of the transmitter module 502. The

0147Those skilled in the art, step 1006, other methods for adjusting the power in, will recognize the methods and techniques. Been described the measurements based on the signal transmitted from the above description the femto node 210 for adjusting transmit power, those skilled in the art the transmission power on the basis of the information similar techniques that indicate the measurements of the signals received from the macro node 205, It will be appreciated that this may be used to adjust. For example, transmitted from the macro node 205 and the measure of the strength of a pilot received from the vicinity of the femto area 215 may be compared to a threshold. If the measurement is below the threshold, the femto node 210, macro node 205 with interference, and may determine that may not exist in the femto area 215, a power control module 506 may increase the transmit power have.

0148When continues to step 1008, the signal is adjusted by using the electric power from the step 1006, for example, it is transmitted by the transmitting unit 502. It is to be transmitted, step 1002, to send a signal similar to the signal transmitted from, for example, if the measured value received in step 1004 is associated with the first pilot transmitted in step 1002, the adjusted power It may also include transmitting a pilot in a second. In some embodiments, the signal transmitted in step 1008 may be a signal of a different type from that transmitted in step 1002. For example, a signal transmitted in step 1002, but also include a pilot signal, a signal transmitted in step 1008 may comprise a signal encoded with the user data. Signal may be transmitted over the air in step 1008, any number of devices, for example, UE (222), the femto node 212 and / or may be transmitted to the macro node 205. Furthermore, the signal, the signal may be broadcast in step 1008 to be received by any device within the femto area 215.

014911 is a user equipment, for example, illustrates another example method 1100 for communication to the UE (221). Method 1100 As will be described later with regard to the element of the UE (221), one of ordinary skill in the art, other components may be used to implement one or more of the steps described herein, the method 1100 by the other device It will be appreciated that this may be practiced.

0150In step 1102, a signal is received from the femto node. For example, in step 1102, the receiving module 602 may be observed pilot signal or a data communication from the femto node 210. The time of receiving a signal in step 1102, the femto node that receives a signal may not be a serving node of the UE (221).

0151In step 1104, the condition is identified on the basis of the signal received in step 1102. In some embodiments, the conditions include interference conditions. Interference conditions may include any condition of the above-described conditions with respect to FIG. In some embodiments, conditions may include a hand-off condition. As described above, the hand-off conditions may also include the identification of the SNR of the signal received from the higher step (1102) than the SNR of the pilot signal received from the serving node. Conditions or interference conditions and handoff may be similar or may be different in some embodiments.

0152Moves on to step 1106 to the step for registering a request signal which was received at the femto node 1102 it may be transmitted at the femto node. For example, if the UE (221) identifying a hand-off condition in step 1104, due to the received pilot from the femto node 210, UE (221) may attempt to register on the femto node 210 . Request for the registration is generated as described above with respect to Figure 6 and / or may be transmitted. In some embodiments of the UE (221), UE (221) is, UE (221) may be configured to request the registration of a femto node, regardless of whether the permission to register with the femto node. For example, some embodiments of the UE (221) are, UE (221) may be composed of features is not possible to register to determine whether any given femto node.

0153In step 1108, suitably configured UE (221) may determine whether to request a registration. This determination may be based on the interference condition or conditions yieotneunji handoff condition identified in step 1104. For example, UE (221) that detects a hand-off condition in step 1104 based on the signal received from the femto node 210, it determines that the UE (221) is also registered with the femto node 210 , UE (221) may generate and transmit a request for the registration in step 1106. However, some embodiments of the UE (221) may not be configured to perform the determination in step 1108.

0154However, in the UE (221) configured to perform this determination, UE (221) is, and may determine UE (221) that does not require a registration therefore not allowed to register on the femto node. For example, UE (221) may use the registration module 606 to perform this determination. For example, the registration module 606, a femto node, or may determine not the preferred node in the UE (221), a femto node may determine that it can not be identified in the set of nodes that are allowed are stored in the storage module 610 have. Techniques to determine whether the UE is allowed to register with the node have been described above with respect to FIG. In addition, UE (221) may determine that handoff conditions identified in this step instead of the interference condition (1104).

0155Proceeding to step 1110, suitably configured UE (221) may send an interference communication. In some embodiments, communication interference may be sent directly to a femto node that receives a signal in step 1102. For example, if the UE (221) that can be served by a femto node 212 in femto area 217 located in the vicinity of the femto area 215, in a step (1102), UE (221) is a femto area (215 ) it can also be observed the pilot from the femto node 210 from leaking. UE (221) may identify the interference condition based on the signal in step 1104, and may determine UE (221) is not being allowed to register on the femto node 210. Thus, in step (1110), UE (221) generates an interference communication, for example the interference communication with the OTA message may be sent over the air to the femto node 210. Transmission of communication interference has been described above with respect to FIG.

015612, for a femto node, for example, illustrates an exemplary method 1200 for adjusting transmit power for a femto node 210. Method 1200 is As will be described later with regard to the elements of the femto node 210, those skilled in the art, other components may be used to implement one or more of the steps described herein, the method 1200 is for other devices It will be appreciated that executed by.

0157In step 1202, the signal is, for example, is transmitted using a transmission module 502. The As described above, the signal may include a pilot signal may be transmitted over one or more channels. For example, the signal may be a pilot signal transmitted over the CPICH. In some embodiments, a signal encoding the user data or voice.

0158Moving to a step 1204, a request for registration to the femto node 210. For this example, is received by the receiving module 508. The request contains the UE for example, it may be received over the air from the UE (220). Request for the registration has been described above with respect to FIG.

0159Proceeding to step 1206, for example, by using the registration unit 512, the UE requesting registration is determined not being allowed to register on the femto node 210. In an embodiment, the UE does not belong to the CSG request a femto node or CUG 210. For example, if the UE (220) is a femto node, a request to register for the (210) but the registration unit 512, and / or be identified by the information stored in the storage module 504, the registration unit 512 is a UE ( 220) may decide not being allowed to register on the femto node 210. Techniques for identifying the UE that is allowed to register on the femto node 210 have been described above with respect to FIG.

0160Adjustment Next, in step 1208, based on a request or a plurality of the received request is received in step 1204, the transmission power of the femto node 210 is, for example, using the power adjustment module 506 It is. It is unsuccessful request for registration may be an indication that the signal transmitted in step 1202, and result in excessive interference. For example, UE requesting registration of the femto node 210 are, as a strong base station monitoring the femto node 210 may also have, and they are their serving nodes and to handoff to the femto node 210 It may be trying to separate.

0161In some embodiments, it is to control the power in step 1208, the driving event. For example, power control module 506, a receiving module, each of a predetermined amount or step for unsuccessful registration attempt is received by the (508) (Step) (For example, in some pre-determined value of x for x dB) it may reduce the transmission power by. The transmission power may be gradually increased in the future according to restore schedule, for example, for some predetermined value of y may be increased by ydB every hour. In addition, the transmission power may have an upper limit and a lower limit. The limits are, or may be fixed, for example, it may be adjusted based on the power correction techniques by adjusting module 506.

0162In some embodiments, only after an unsuccessful registration attempt a predetermined number have been received power is adjusted in a step 1208. In some embodiments, power control module 506, if an unsuccessful registration attempt of the predetermined number are not received within a specified time period, the transmission power is not adjusted. The power may be adjusted by an amount proportional to the number of unsuccessful registration attempts exceeds a predetermined number at a specified time period. When the power is adjusted up more frequently than the adjusted limit, a predetermined number and / or the specified time it is, for example, may be adjusted in relation to the statistical approach described below.

0163Event-what adjusting the transmit power based on the drive, it is also possible to increase the response of the femto node 210 for the abrupt change of the UE in the number of femto areas 215. For example, if the femto node 215, the bus station (bus stop) located in the vicinity of the femto node 210, for example, a femto bus full of the UE is not allowed to register on node 210 (Full) When in this area, it is possible to respond to a large inflow flux (influx) of the UE.

0164In some embodiments, it is statistically adjusting the power in step 1208. For example, the femto node 210 may determine, and maintain one or more statistics on the basis of an unsuccessful registration attempt. In one embodiment, the femto node 210 may be, for example, the defined time period, and determining the average number of unsuccessful registration attempts for a day. In another embodiment, the femto node 210 is configured to determine the ratio of the successful registration attempt for unsuccessful registration attempt. In some embodiments, the femto node 210 is configured to determine the histogram of the average number of registration attempts for a time of day. In another embodiment, the femto node 210 is configured to apply other statistical filter such as a moving average (moving average) or autoregressive (autoregressive) filter for the count of unsuccessful registration attempts. On the basis of the transmission module 502. This information is power for transmitting signals from, for example, every day for one hour in the middle of the night or evening may be adjusted according to a schedule, such as once.

0165The use of such statistics to adjust the transmit power, in the context of repeat (recur) traffic fluctuations at the UE may increase the possibility of operating the femto node 210. For example, the power adjustment module 506 may be configured to increase the transmission power for when a position near a meal time or a restaurant, rush hour of the week (rush hour).

0166In some embodiments, the femto node 210, a femto node that receives routinely unsuccessful registration attempt, for example the record of the UE, is configured to hold in the storage module 504. A femto node 210 may be configured to ignore the registration attempt from these UE. For example, these are the UE, a femto or be included in the user living in the vicinity of the node 210, it may belong to the owner of a femto node visiting users 210. In some embodiments, the number of unsuccessful registration attempts from the UE, for example, when it is more than the maximum request limit for a predetermined time period, the femto node 210 may ignore the unsuccessful registration attempt from the UE It may be configured to. In some embodiments, the user or administrator of the femto node 210 may also be manually programmed into the femto node 210 to recognize certain visitors or neighboring UE.

0167In some embodiments, the femto node 210 may receive measurements or information indicating that the request relates to the registration. For example, UE when determining a handoff condition, based on the signal transmitted by the femto node 210 in a step (1202), UE also a measure for the transmission to the femto node 210 with the registration request to determine It may or may transmit information about the hand-off conditions with the registration request. In these embodiments, it is to adjust the transmit power at step 1208 may be based at least in part on receiving this additional information. For example, the amount of change in the transmission power may be based on measurements. In some embodiments, a request for registration associated with the measured value indicating the interference is less than the threshold are ignored by the power adjustment module 506. Those skilled in the art will recognize other ways to use the information to adjust the power-related measurements in step 1208, the.

0168As described above, the femto node 210 may adjust the transmit power on the basis of the characteristics of the request for unsuccessful registration. For example, if the femto node 210 is associated with a failed registration attempt measure indicating the interference is less than the threshold value, to adjust the transmit power may be configured to ignore the failed registration attempts. Similarly, if the femto node 210 is associated with a different failed registration attempt large measure by at least a threshold value, to adjust the transmit power may be configured to account for the other failed registration attempts. In some embodiments, the failed registration attempts are differently weighted based on the characteristics. For example, while known rush hour received or a failed registration attempt received from the UE or the visitor UE exceeds the maximum requested limits are, when the femto node 210 is determined or calculated the amount for adjusting the transmit power, non- during rush hour is not greater than the maximum number of requests received or the UE limited or non-only a part (fraction) of the failed registration attempts received from the UE may be counting visitors. Therefore, the femto node 210, all the attempts have failed is registered may be configured not to be treated as equal, not equal attempt may be based on characteristics of the attempts described above, the failure properties described above. Those skilled in the art will recognize the features of a different way of unsuccessful registration attempts that may be used by the femto node 210 to the power determination.

0169Continuing to a step 1210, the signal is adjusted by using the electric power from the step 1208, for example, it is transmitted by the transmitting unit 502. The transmission, signal and transmits the signal, or step 1202 is similar to the signal transmitted at step 1202 may include transmitting the different types of signals. Signal may be transmitted over the air in step 1210, or may be sent to any number of devices, the signal may be broadcast to be received by devices within the femto area 215.

017013 is a femto node, for example, it illustrates an exemplary method 1300 for adjusting transmit power for a femto node 210. Method 1300 As will be described later with regard to the elements of the femto node 210, those skilled in the art, other components may be used to implement one or more of the steps described herein, the method 1300 is for other devices It will be appreciated that executed by.

0171In step 1302, the signal is, for example, is transmitted using a transmission module 502. The As described above, the pilot signal may be a signal, may be transmitted on one or more channels. For example, the signal may be a pilot signal sent on the CPICH. In some embodiments, a signal encoding the user data or voice.

0172In step 1304, the interference communication is, for example, is received by the receiving module 508. The request contains the UE for example, it may be received over the air from the UE (220). Interference communication have been described above with respect to FIG.

0173In step 1306, the transmission power of the femto node 210 based on the interference communication or a plurality of the received request is received in step 1304, for example, adjusted by the power adjustment module 506 It is. Adjusting the power in step 1306, the event-driven basis or statistics based on, for example, with respect to step 1208 of Figure 12 using a method similar to the above-described method includes adjusting the power You may. Those skilled in the art will step 1306, the techniques used to adjust the power on the recognition that there is no need to describe the same which is used to adjust the power in step 1208 to. However, in some embodiments, the technique used in step 1306 is similar to the technique used in step 1208. However, any threshold value or a predetermined value used in the techniques may vary.

0174In some embodiments, the femto node 210, the femto node receives the routine interference communication, the record of the UE, for example, and is configured to hold in the storage module 504. A femto node 210 may be configured to ignore the interference from these communicating UE. Number of communication interference from the UE, for example, when it is more than the limit for a predetermined period of time, may be configured to ignore such interference communication from the UE.

0175In some embodiments, the femto node 210 may receive information indicating the measurement or measurements related to interference communication. In these embodiments, it is to control the transmission power in step 1306, for example, the method similar to that may be based on additional received information to adjust the power in step 1208, such additional It may be based at least in part on the received information.

0176In some embodiments, the femto node 210 may be configured to process the same requests and interference communication for the register to adjust the power. For example, the average number of communications in a specific time of day, and may be calculated from a group of requests and interference communication for registration received during that time. However, the femto node 210 even though not distinguish between requests and interference communication between on the register for the transmit power adjustment, the femto node 210 handle a separate requests and interference communication for registration for the other functions It may be configured to. For example, the femto node 210, but configured to not send a response after receiving a communication interference, and, for example, may be configured to respond to the request for the registration is successful, a rejection message or NACK. In some embodiments, by the femto node 210 in order to request and transmit power adjustment for interference communication are registered, for example, is by the different state machine of the femto node 210 as a separate handling. Thus, the statistics for the requests for registration may be held by the statistic for the interfering communication separately.

0177Moving to a step 1308, the signal is adjusted by using the electric power from the step 1306, for example, it is transmitted by the transmitting unit 502. The transmission, signal and transmits the signal, or step 1302 is similar to the signal transmitted at step 1302 may include transmitting the different types of signals. Signal may be transmitted over the air in step 1308, or may be sent to any number of devices, the signal may be broadcast to be received by devices within the femto area 215.

0178Those skilled in the art, the herein described devices, systems, and methods will be appreciated that may be used to adjust the power of a femto node. For example, a femto node, or other low-power base stations which are not can be disposed together with conventional WAN base stations in the wireless network, such as MNB. A femto node may be configured to provide the high data rates and coverage to the home subscriber. However, these femto nodes may be arranged in the unplanned manner. Therefore, it is advantageous that the management of interference caused by the femto node with respect to the macro network or a neighboring femto node. Those skilled in the art for the herein described devices, systems, and methods femto node with communication and not MUE or other UE for example (e.g., UE that do not exist in the CSG of the Femto node), pilot, or limited by adjusting the transmission power of a femto node for the overhead and data channels it will recognize that may be used to protect against interference. The devices, systems, and methods may maintain the balance between the effects of interference on the MUE and the femto coverage area. In this manner, for example, the power setting of the femto node inaccurate due to the assumptions made by listening to the network module may also be reduced or avoided. For example, too many situations where interference is present on the MUE can may be reduced by the conditions of inadequate coverage of the femto node. Femto node as described herein, for example, any expression that may MUE will be a traffic (traffic aware) to consider the fact they are affected by the power setting of the femto node. Those skilled in the art to the herein described devices, systems, and methods of power control method is known in the art, for example, will recognize that may be used with the method depending on the measurements from the network listening module .

0179As discussed above, the herein described devices, systems, and methods may be used to adjust the power of a femto node. These devices, using the systems and methods, a femto node may consider whether they do not cause interference, or cause any of the MUE, or even exist for the MUE. Also, a femto node may consider the situation where there is a mismatch between the network listening module and the RF conditions observed by the UE. Additionally, transmission power may be adjusted for the initial parameters are invalid arrangement is configured for self-calibration. In these circumstances, the herein described devices, systems, and methods, while keeping interference to other users (macro or femto neighbor), it is also possible to achieve the desired coverage for the HUE. Femto nodes described herein may be that the actual traffic condition of the MUE in the vicinity of the femto node. If the MUE is affected by the transmission of the femto nodes in some present or not present, a femto area may be increased. If the interference of a large number of the MUE, the femto node may be able to respond appropriately. In some embodiments, because the femto node can receive a communication direct from the UE or other femto node, macro messaging from the network is required. Several embodiments will be described in the art may want to consider a sudden inflation of the MUE lux. Additionally, the statistical-based techniques may be used to respond to the time variations in the traffic MUE. Additionally, the techniques described herein may, with an appropriate subsequent reduction of the transmission power, which allows the active (aggressive) initial setting of the femto node transmission power, for example, large houses or other large femto area to profit also that may provide back-off (backoff) mechanism.

0180Although described separately, Figure 4 and 5, the functional blocks described with respect to 6 and 7. It will be appreciated that does not require separate structural elements. For example, power control module 506, and the registration unit 512 may be implemented in a single chip. Several modules may be implemented separately or together by the processing module. The processing module may include a memory, such as registers. Similarly, some of the functions of the various blocks, or at least one of the functional blocks may be implemented in a single chip. Alternatively, the functionality of a particular block may be implemented with two or more chips.

0181Processing the power adjustment module 506, a signal measurement module 64, and / or as shown in the statistics module 704, Figs. 4, 5, 6, and one or more of the functional blocks described with respect to 7 and / or function block one or more combinations, a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor of (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or It may be implemented as any suitable combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. In addition, 4, 5, 6, and one or more of the functional blocks described with respect to 7 and / one or more combinations of, or functional blocks that combination of computing devices, for example, of a DSP and a microprocessor coupled, the plurality of micro- microprocessors, DSP communication in combination with one or more microprocessors, or may be implemented as any other such configuration.

0182In some aspects, (e.g., on one or more of the accompanying drawings), the features described herein may correspond to a "means for" functionality similarly specified in the appended claims. Referring to Figure 5, 6, and 7, the femto node (210), UE (222), and the macro node 205 are represented as a series of interrelated functional modules.

01834, 5, 6, and 7, the functions of the modules may be implemented in various ways consistent with the teachings herein. In some aspects, the functionality of these modules may be implemented as one or more electrical components. In some aspects, the functionality of these blocks may be implemented as a processing system including one or more processor components. In some aspects, the functionality of these modules may be, for example, one or more integrated circuits may be implemented using at least a portion of (e.g., ASIC). As described herein, an integrated circuit comprises a processor, software, other related components may comprise, or some combination thereof. The functions of these modules may be implemented in some other manner as taught herein.

0184Here, "first", it is to be understood that any reference to an element using the designation such as "first" do not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Instead, those specified may be used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, the first and a reference to the second element, or may only be used where the two elements only, and does not mean that the first element must precede the second element in some manner. Further, unless otherwise expressed, the set of elements may comprise one or more elements. Additionally, the description or in the form of a phrase of "A, B, or at least one C" used in the claims, means "A or B or C or any combination of these elements.

0185The specification describes specific examples of the invention, those skilled in the art can devise variations of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept of the present. For example, some of the teachings herein is the circuit-switched network elements but may refer to a packet can be applied equally to the switching domain network elements.

0186Those skilled in the art will understand that information and may be represented using any of a variety of signals of different technologies and techniques. For example, the description that may be referenced throughout the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles , optical fields or particles, optical, or may be any combination thereof.

0187Additionally, those skilled in the art various illustrative logical blocks described in connection with the examples disclosed in, modules, circuits, methods and algorithms disclosed herein electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof as may be implemented . To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, methods and algorithms it has been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Hope of those functions implemented as hardware or software, the design constraints imposed on the overall system and depending on the particular application. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the invention.

0188Here methods or algorithms described in connection with the examples disclosed in hardware, in a software module may be implemented directly, or a combination thereof executed by a processor. A software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, any other form of storage medium known in the CD-ROM, or the art. In the storage medium it may be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from the storage medium and makes it possible to write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.

0189In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions are computer-readable media on the one or more instructions or code, or may be stored as transmitted. The computer-readable medium includes any communication media and computer storage media, including both medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another place. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. As a way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media in the form of RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage unit or other magnetic storage unit device, or instructions or data structures It can be used to carry or store desired program code, and may include any other media that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection computer-readable medium refers appropriate. For example, if the software is transmitted, along the line (twisted pair), digital subscriber line (DSL), or infrared, radio, and Web sites by using the same radio technology as microwaves, server, or transmitted from other remote source If the wireless technology such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Here is used as described above, the disk (disk) and a disk (disc) is a compact disk (disc) (CD), laser disc (disc), an optical disk (disc), DVD (digital versatile disc), a floppy disk (disk) and Blu-ray disc includes a (disc), wherein the disk (disk) are usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs (disc) can reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are computer-be included within the scope of readable media.

0190The previous description of the disclosed examples is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these examples will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art easily, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other examples without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the examples described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the granted the principles and novel features disclosed herein.