High density charge coupled element pickup array

[Detailed Description of the Invention]

comparatively, the present invention relates to the high resolution which carried out separation arrangement of the CCD sensor alternately, and a high-density image sensor small Low silicon substrate" 2, generates one train of impulses which expresses scanning information using the register array of four alignment structures, and enables a high resolution image pick-up -- it is. It is used for an image scanner changing information into the medium of Earl from a certain medium. For example, in a document scan, document information is changed into an electric signal from the printed matter of a document, it is transmitted to other apparatus, information is processed, or electronic memory is carried out. The charge coupled device (COD) using electric charge transmission art is one of the latest art used for an image scanner. If light strikes upon the light detector of COD, an element will detect this information, will change into an electric signal, and will present the next use. The integrated circuit structure known well where large Kisa of 1 Detep is 1 inch (8mix 8 mm) of several minutes in every direction is not suitable for the structure of a COD image sensor. The width of watch Pretty much and COD image Senza must be width about the same as the document scanned, and an optical system comes to install from a document, for attaining suitable resolution within several inches (around about 100 micrometers) of a henchman, and if it is Leave, there is. [ no ] Since the manufacture yield of such a large element will probably be very low, such an element will become very expensive. Therefore, although the smaller COD element has been used, there is a related fault. When using some small COD image Senza for reading the same object line, the end of a light detector array is made to overlap optically or mechanically. It bends so and a narrow blank part arises on a Scan document. If it is Leave coming [ an optical system complicated although document width is moreover scanned ] to use, there is nothing. A small and high-density alignment CCl image sensor is used with a reduction optical system, and it is Canlzeta. However, if image Hinri ° is made small seven, since the number of effective light detectors is restricted, resolution will fall victim. The known method for solving this problem is using COD image Senza with a beam division optical system. That is, the optical information by which the optical system was scanned according to desired resolution is divided into two pieces or three beams or more, and each beam is applied to each CCI'' visual image element. However, since this art uses an electronic circuit and an optical system too many, it becomes very expensive. According to the present invention, the COD image Senri- array of high Confectionery which has two alignment light detector arrays is mounted on one integrated circuit chip, and it uses for an image pick-up scanning device. It arrangement m Carries out by dividing a light detector into two rows and shifting mutually, and they are sent to four shift registers in four alignment arrays by the transmission gate, and are compounded. The register for middle accumulation is contained and the signal which occurred from the separate light detector can progress now to appointed CIF 1 at a register. The output of these shift registers generates one output pulse sequence which is compounded and expresses scanning information. With reference to drawings, it explains in detail about the example of the present invention below. Drawing 1 shows known CCI10 currently used as Image Sen ° Lee by the image pick-up system. For building this kind of CC1], two or more light detectors 12 will be formed according to the usual prior art. These optical power detectors generate below the charge quantity according to Listen of the light self was irradiated. Transmission gates 14a and 14b of COD are Mountain(ed), and the electric charge accumulated under each optical power detector 12 is transmitted to shift register lea and IEib When, respectively. As shown in Drawing 1, the odd number portion of an optical power detector is connected to shift register 16b, and the dispersion portion is altogether connected to One * Why shift register 16a. To suitable time, information is CIF 1 on the right-hand side of CCD 10 (or left-hand side). - It is carried out and is emitted to the next circuit. J: showing the optical information as which shift register N3a and the output of 18b were compounded in the next circuit, and the output pulse sequence was inputted -- obtaining -- /and r wax. these circuits -- eta Why -- J: being able to mount in the integrated circuit chip same for obtaining to be shown in the circuit of Drawing 1, and obtaining -- . Probably, movement relative between the image pick-up scanning device containing CGDIO, the document scanned, or other display things exists, in order to operate with a Portrayal scanning device like a facsimile transmitter or a document processing device. For example, or it goes by Read lupsilon, moving below the page on which Drawing 1 is drawn, and scanning the picture of a document, C0DIO is standing it still and a document may be made to iIIIJ eight times up, or perform the both, it Chi J: Is, and C0DIO is .. It reflects from a document and an image pick-up optical beam goes into the light detector of CCD10. Optical systems (illustration Wow), such as convergence, are also used. It expresses one line at a time the information on output [A document of CIF 1~register 16a When IBb as a document moves relatively about the scanning device containing CGDIO. the -- althougha [ 2 ] figure resembles Drawing 1, it shows greatly different COD image Zensa. Light detector 30.32 of two rows is on one COD integrated circuit chip 2B, and it is shifted mutually. Since the information which is between the increase of density and the light detector of the light detector of one COD image Senza by shifting and arranging a light detector is shortly detected as J: by the light detector of the sequence which A" Addition carried out as illustrated, scanning resolution also goes up. namely, the image pick-up data which has a light detector of sequence 32 at the center of the light detector of sequence 32 -- sampling 1" To -- J:person -- the portion of the information acquired is detected The light detector of sequence 30 detects another information acquired by sampling the image pick-up data which exists at the center of the detector of sequence 30 which exists in the middle of the detector of sequence 32. these pieces of information -- Later on * To -- like -- after -- electric -- Joining-To. C0D2B, a document, etc. move relatively in the case of a scan in a similar manner with Drawing 1 having explained. Here, a document picture moves up for explanation and it is assumed that C0D2B stillness of is done. The information on the 1st line scanned at 10:00 appears in the optical power detector of sequence 32. A means to acquire this optical information can use arbitrary things. That is, an anti-Cl'l optical system, a penetration optical system, or the direct projection to CCl can be used. this -- moving aside -- or -- the -- front (it was accumulated in This and C0D2B -- all -- others -- or [ that information is cleared ] -- or henceforth -- a disregard colander.) If the information on the 1st scanning line looks at the data of J, 0 Detection(ed), and its line from the right to the left to the light detector of sequence 32 at the time of tQ, as for light detector 32a (the data of 1st Pits l~ of a line is detected and it is light detector 321), the data of the 3rd Pit of the line will be detected. The information by which the data of the following scanning line was detected by Purchase with the light detector of sequence 32, and was stored in it before move the To (i.e., 11:00) to the extent that it was scanned by the light detector of Immediate row 32 which moves to the data of the following scanning line is transmitted to accumulation register 38 by transmission Gaea 1 * and 36. In this way, it means that register 38 had accumulated the information used in order to be accumulated under light detector 32. The light detector of sequence 32 will wait for the 2nd scanning line at this time, and the light detector of sequence 30 will have the 1st scanning line. Scanning data of the 2nd line was detected by sequence 32 at 12:00, and scanning data of the 1st line has reached sequence 30. Sequence 32 reads the information on scanning data of the 2nd line. The information between the light detectors of sequence 32 is in sequence 30 by Read lupsilon. That is, the information on the 2nd A bit and the 4th A bit is read by light detectors 30a and 30b, respectively. 32 h of optical detection Z32a When are reading the 1st A bit and 3rd Pits 1~ from the data of the 2nd scanning line, respectively. Before the data of the following scanning line comes before COD image Senri-, the contents of register 38 are transmitted to shift register 44 via Gaea 1~40 to Translate at 13:00. The contents of the light detector of sequence 32 are transmitted to transmission Gaea 1 via 36 at accumulation register 38. The contents of the light detector of sequence 30 are transmitted to CIF 1~register 42 via transmission gate 34. At this time, shift register 44 contains the data of odd number A beat]- among the data of the 1st scanning line with same shift register 42 including the data of even number A beat]- among the data of the 1st scanning line. gamma-Tha of the following line comes before the light detector of sequence 30.32 at 1- / 1:00. Shift register 42.44 is output J To about the signal which added and accumulated the signal to CIF 1 of high frequency. In this way, the contents of two CIF 1~1 A transistor are outputted, Immediately multiplexing is combined and carried out in the same integrated circuit chip or the next external circuit, and it becomes one train of impulses. The procedure of Read on / V The, a scan, and one to CIF 1 transmission for the line of one by one [ above ] a request of the light detector of sequence 30.32 is repeated. it b carries out, for example, the detector of each line comprises 3000 COD detectors -- if it becomes -- 6000per inch '? -- Data pin of 6000 l straw -- querelle can be read. It will become other resolution if a reduction optical system is used. Accumulation register 38 of the 2nd the a figure is easy to be what gave optical cover to the same thing as the detector of one row. Unlike shift register 42.44, in this field, there is no shift J Need to horizontally. two alignment light Senza arrays sample the contiguity portion (or proximity portion) of the same picture, and make the necessity for accumulation of data the minimum -- the scanning line of one line -- re--- generally, two alignment light Senza arrays are mutually close and are arranged for it to Formation 114 times. It is possible to enlarge sharply the interval between two optical Senri arrays on the same substrate, and to make data accumulation unnecessary. An optical system separates the same picture into it at two pieces, each one array is made to image at a time, and it is made to make the picture information of the same line as each optical Seng 9 read. However, in this art, it is necessary to arrange a beam dividing part article precisely to an optical system, and the lens which can divide the same picture into two pieces ideally, and can be generated is needed. Therefore, two alignment light Senza arrays are made to adjoin, and it is one picture in an optical system (it is far more advantageous to have generated One and to lose an expensive beam dividing part article). Since strictness is seldom required by the image formation capability of a lens, the point that the cheap lens of Kos 1~ can be used is also an advantage. It is made into desirable shape depending on the data sampling pitch level to it being perpendicular chosen so that a scanning system might be suited, each Apercia, i.e., window, of a light detector which are the photon detection fields of each light detector. these relations -- the -- hearing tob [ 2 ] figure -- . effectual level Zumpling Pitch Sx -- the simultaneous sampling of both lights Lenlie * array 30 When 32 -- F -- h carrying out -- the -- it is the effective distance between the centers of the horizontal pixel ofb [ 2 ] figure. Perpendicular Limp ring pitch Sy is the distance between centers of the contiguity scanning spacing of a Portrayal side. Stop (the case where optical Wren Lee Alley is made to adjoin ttr -- the --b [ 2 ] figure -- Showing -- two centers of optical Lenser Rey can be perpendicularly deleted like.) the appearance like Construction in which the scanning system of parameter Sx and Sy is fundamental -- A pasta -- it is decided typically and the centers of a window of the Apertaya shape of a light detector are 3x and SV at a horizontal direction and a perpendicular direction, respectively -- c -- effectual -- To headJ -- it is chosen for obtaining. It is generally desirable to make area of a light detector into the maximum within the restriction it is decided by J:- in the Signal pair noise ratio of a detector at 1 Nomb ° ring Petit Sx and Sy required for a One-To sake that will be the maximum. the window of each detector -- the -- it is shown inb [ 2 ] figure -- if it is a suitable rectangle of width W1 quantity Rough 11 that it is alike -- assumption Topple. the window of the light detector of love The -- n -- it is (it is assumed that it has the form same in J Ho.) For example, making a level sampling interval equal and detecting a picture is often required as perpendicular. Namely, 5 x=Sy (1) the bottom of this Article f1 -- the -- 5X=W/2 fromb [ 2 ] figure Sy=h (2> It comes out and a certain thing is clear. The desirable shape ratio of a typical light detector is w= 2h. (3) coming out -- a certain thing -- the -- it is clear fromb [ 2 ] figure. For example, if the sampling interval of a Portrayal side becomes in 1010l.1 level and Shigenao, as for the height of the window of each light detector, width will be set to 20 micrometers at 10 micrometers. By carrying out like this, the center of a window is arranged suitably for selected Near published by a sampling (equal) center, and the area of a window becomes the maximum. More generally, supposing it is twice the sampling interval of this correctly at that of a sampling interval with a not equal and horizontal perpendicular sampling interval, they are 5 x-kSy. (4) The shape ratio of a desirable window differs from a front example. In this general example, if (2) types and (/I) a formula are united, the next good j Nice condition will be obtained. w=2k11 (5) For example, if it is chosen so that a level sampling interval may be 0.75 time the perpendicular Rimbo ring interval (k = 0.75), a desirable shape ratio is W =2 h (0, 75). Namely, w= 1.5h (6) It will roar out. For example, if a level sampling interval is accomplished 971 m, a perpendicular sampling interval is set to 910.75 = 12/1 m. (2) According to the formula, as for the width of a window, height is set to 12 micrometers at 18 micrometers. That is, it is w/h=1.5 as shown in (6) types. If required, it A r Is, and it is . to place focusing on a window according to the Lean pulling interval selected like the above-mentioned. However, if there is no window in a center, it is necessary to change A 8 rate level to a system being perpendicular. Difficultly and generally that of design Lee To becomes expensive about such a perverted optical system at 10 emergencies of manufacture J To. carrying out the shape ratio of a desirable window like (5) types, and by arranging the center of a window focusing on the selected sampling, since the ordinary surface-of-a-sphere optical system of low cost can be used, it reaches to an extreme and comes out, and he is a right-handed person. Drawing 3 -- the -- the [a / 2 / figure and ] -- improvement is added to the example shown inb [ 2 ] figure. In Drawing 3, there are four shift registers in four alignment arrays. the density of the COD parts mounted in one integrated circuit chip when it comes out and a Cassist register is used instead of [ four ] two pieces -- or [ front thing J:person Addition ] -- a large next door and smaller and high-density COD -- Element -- . Next, if operation is explained, data of the 1st line will approach sequence 60 of a light detector at 10:00. Like front Ho, Image Sen ° To '58, the document scanned, etc. move relatively. In Drawing 3, the information on the 1st line assumes that it is moving relatively below. According to the quantity of the light which entered into each light detector at 10:00, an electric charge occurs under each light detector. The light detector of sequence 60 scans and detects even light detectors 608160b, and reads them from the right to A. Before gamma-evening of the 1st line reaches the light detector of sequence 62, the contents of the electric charge accumulated in the light detector of sequence 60 are transmitted to accumulation register 72 via transmission gate 64 at t 1:00. Data of the 1st line reaches the light detector of sequence 62, and data of the 2nd line reaches the light detector of sequence 60 at 2 [ one to ]:00. The light detector of this A row 62 scans and detects data 62a162b of odd number A beat 1~ among data of the 1st line, and the light detector of sequence 60 scans and detects even pixels of data of the 2nd line, i.e., even bits. Before the scanning line of gamma-Tha progresses to the following line at t 3:00, some things happen. The contents of even-bit data are accumulated in register 72 among the data of the 1st scanning line. The data of these bits is transmitted to register 74 When 76 by turns at t 3:00. That is, the data bit which occurs from light detector 60a and is accumulated in register 72 is transmitted to CIF 1~register 76. It generates from light detector 60b, and is Accumulation (day Tap 1- ^ carried out is transmitted to CIF 1~register 74.) to register 72. This is performed by turns along with the light detector of sequence 60, it generates from light detector 60an, and the data bit accumulated in register 72 is transmitted to shift register 76, It is To be continued until the data bit which occurred from the light detector 60b mouth, and was accumulated in register 72 is transmitted to shift register 74. These are even bits of the scanning data of 1st line [1 like the above-mentioned. Odd bits detected by light detector e2a and 62b at t 4:00 are transmitted to shift register 70.68 by turns in a similar manner, respectively. In this way, scanning A beat 1~ from B-2a to 62aO is transmitted to shift register 70 at t 4:00, and it is scanning A beat (~ is transmitted to shift register 68 at 14:00.) from 62b to 62bn. The data bit of the 1st line is accumulated in shift register 68.70.74.76 in the end of t 4:00. Even bits of the data of the 2nd line detected with the light detector of sequence 60 at 14:00 are transmitted to accumulation register 72 via transmission gate 64. In order to compound these signals and to make the output pulse sequence of one front Size for the scanning image data of one line, these signals can be shifted using a high-speed clock, and it can output to circuits other than on this one integrated circuit chip. The data of the following line reaches in front of the light detector of sequences 60 and 62, and this cycle continues until the data of all the lines is scanned and it is read from register 74.76.68.70. Probably, the typical size of this CCD array is [ the width of a light detector ] 5 micrometers in height in 10/1m. Probably, the device is about 1.2 inches (3C7rL) in length. Aluminum or other shield material are made to adhere to the circumference of sequence 60.62 of the light detector arranged by shifting to grinding which builds device 58 in Drawing 3. Shield material is made to adhere in order to decide correctly the position and large Kisa of a sequence of a light detector. the field of aluminum Nikon is inaccurate at the time of manufacture -- if it becomes, it will be except a specification limit -- if it becomes -- the perpendicular direction of a figure -- the size of the light detector of one sequence -- The method of Use - one person becomes large -- I will come out. Supposing this happens by one piece or two integrated circuit COD chip 1 2 or more, the sum of the light which entered into one sequence and by which information abnormal conditions were carried out will increase more than ■ of the light which enters into another side. Thus, the relative whistle of light which the signals read from the light detector of two rows differed when incidence light became unequal, for example, was actually reflected from the document will be expressed. The example shown in Drawing 4 solves this problem. The necessity of positioning the Max layer correctly decreases by detaching the light detector of two rows and forming reflection, an opaque sequence, or a layer between them. That is, sequence 90.94 of a light detector is surrounded by layer 92 made from aluminum or other suitable materials, namely, a field is specified. Then, even if it compares and is partly inaccurate about reflection or opaque zone 92, the area of the light detector of both sequences is still the same within the limit of a device. On the occasion of actual manufacture, opaque sequence 92 will have covered the light detector monthly interest by one row on one COD chip. However, When and the excessive accumulation register which add an opaque layer are needed between the light detectors of two rows. If it is the regulation width of the data of 1 scanning line which an opaque zone is projected on a light detector array, or enters, the interval between lL'i of the data of a scanning line which progresses to sequence 94 from sequence 90 of a light detector will increase. Even if there is an accumulation layer of a metaphor excess, since this COD image sensor will not become if it improves the capability of a manufacturing process and it is devoted A [1, it becomes expensive. -C Next, detector 90.94 of two rows is detached by J and Ri, and its operation is in field 92 covered by opaque Material r1 in explanation J * To study and Drawing 4. This field 92 covers one row of light detectors. or [ by which scanning information is moving relatively below in Drawing 4 / that f-evening of the 1st scanning line will be projected on the light detector of sequence 90 at 10:00 if it becomes ] -- otherwise, it is imaged. if it reads from the right in Drawing 4 -- this sequence 90 -- even 1 maximum image A bit fields -- detection To cover -- it becomes things. Therefore, the electric charge which occurred under each light detector at [0:00 expresses the data of the 1st scanning line. The signal detected at 11:00 is transmitted to the 1st accumulation layer 104 via transmission Gout 1-98. Reach * Simultaneously, the data of the 1st line mouth goes to the place of opaque sequence 92, and the data of the 2nd scanning line uses it as the light detector of sequence 90. The electric charge showing the data of the 1st scanning line accumulated in accumulation register 104 at 13:00 is transmitted to 2nd accumulation register 108 via transmission gate 106. This signal that ground and was detected from the data of the 2nd scanning line again is transmitted to 1st accumulation register 104 via transmission gate 98. Furthermore the data of the 1st scanning line has reached the light detector of sequence 94, and, now, it reads and detects odd bits of the 1st scanning line. Therefore, at this time, even bits detected from the data of the 1st scanning line appear in accumulation register 108, and odd bits detected from the data of the same scanning line are in the place of the light detector of sequence 94. The signal detected from the 1st scanning line accumulated in the 2nd accumulation register 108 at the following time 14:00 is transmitted to shift register 110.112 by turns. That is, the contents of the light detector are transmitted to one-piece Can from 90a to 9 Q an at shift register 112, and the contents of the light detector are transmitted to shift register 110 every other piece from 90b to 9 Q bn. Similarly, the electric charge under light detector 94 is transmitted to shift register 100.102 by turns via transmission gate 96 at 15:00. That is, the contents from light detector 94a to 94an are transmitted to shift register 102, and the contents from light detector 94b to 94 bn are transmitted to shift register 100. In order to read the data of the remaining lines, before time interval ↑0 [ new ] comes, a high-speed clock is added to CIF l-register 100.102.110.112, A data bit can be outputted and compounded in the next circuits other than on integrated circuit Detep, and the signal sequence of one front kneading can be generated for the information on the 1st scanning line. The height of sequence 92 whose typical size of the light detector of Drawing 4 whose height is 5 micrometers in 10 micrometers in width, and is made of opaque materials is also 5 micrometers. As mentioned above, probably, it will be clear that the present invention's person skilled in the art makes various change, without deviating from the true soul and range of the present invention although the specific example was described, and an equivalent can be substituted.

[Brief Description of the Drawings]

Drawing 1 is a schematic diagram of the typical CCD series used by the conventional image pick-up system, the -- the schematic diagram of one example of CCD image Renza wherea [ 2 ] figure is used by the Statue system which J is absorbed in the principle of the present invention, the --b [ 2 ] figure -- the -- the schematic diagram of other examples of COD where it is some enlarged drawings ofa [ 2 ] figure, and Not shown 3 figure is used by an image pick-up system according to the principle of the present invention in the shape where the window of each light detector is preferred, And Drawing 4 is a schematic diagram of COD which is an image pick-up system and is used according to the principle of the present invention which is an example of Earl further. . Explanations of letters or numerals 28.58.88 ... C0D 30.32. Go, 62, 90.94 ... Sequence 3B of Light Detector, 72,104.108 ... Accumulation Register 42.44.6B, 70.74.76.100*102.110.112 ... Shift Register Representative [ Hiroshi Asamura Outside is Four Persons. ] A page [ 1st ] continuation Claim-of-priority @ July 20, 1981 U.S. [ [phase] ] (US) ■284770@ July 20, 1981 [phase] U.S. (US) ■284742 Zero shot Ming person Jagdish See Dandong American New York State fair port lockout view load 31 Zero shot Ming person James See Strafel American New York State Rocini star Calsan rock avenue 368 Zero shot Ming person net Jaye Seach man United States of America New York State Penfield Jackson load 1934 441-