Garbage pulverizing and fermenting device

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】

[Technical field to which the invention belongs]

The present invention relates to a kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus that composts food waste by using microbial decomposition after crushing the kitchen waste.

【0002】

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, many techniques are known for the kitchen waste fermentation processing apparatus for composting by utilizing microbial decomposition, including those described in JP-A-5-221766 and JP-A-4-4084.

【0003】

However, in the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank that composts using conventional microbial decomposition, bacteria such as general soil bacteria are often cultivated in this fermentation treatment tank as microorganisms, and the kitchen waste In addition to its own odor, it may generate a foul odor due to fermentation and decomposition, and the fact that this kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank is indoors may cause hygiene problems, so it is basically installed outdoors. Was being made. Therefore, it is necessary to carry the kitchen waste generated in the kitchen at home to the outdoors where the kitchen waste fermentation processing tank is installed before throwing it in. The work was quite difficult and there was a problem in terms of convenience. Moreover, in the summer, insects flew in due to the rotting odor of the soup, which caused an unpleasant environment.

【0004】

In order to solve these problems, it was considered to provide a separate transportation means for transporting the kitchen waste to the kitchen waste fermentation processing tank on behalf of the user. For example, it has been proposed that the kitchen waste is first crushed into small pieces by a disposer and then carried on a stream of water after crushing. However, it has been very difficult to simply connect the disposer and the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank by this method for the reasons described below. That is, by installing the disposer under the sink drain of the kitchen, the kitchen waste can be crushed as it is while flowing water at the place where the kitchen waste is generated, and the crushed kitchen waste can be flowed to another place via the transport pipe. It has the advantage of being able to be transported. However, in a transport system using a disposer, at least 20 times the amount of kitchen waste to be treated is required in order to pour the kitchen waste crushed in the disposer into the transport pipe and then put the inside of the transport pipe on water to flush it away. become. On the other hand, in the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank, the range of the optimum moisture content must be limited to around 50 to 60% on the principle of performing fermentation decomposition using microorganisms for composting. That is, the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank is, so to speak, a dry type, which is premised on treating the kitchen waste itself or a crushed product having a relatively low water content, which is crushed without adding water to the kitchen waste itself. Therefore, if the disposer and the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank are simply connected, it is necessary to directly treat the kitchen waste with an abnormally high water content that has been crushed using the disposer and then washed away by a large amount of water of 20 times or more. It requires a huge amount of water conditioner such as shavings, which is more than 20 times the amount required for the original fermentation process, and a huge fermentation process tank to store it, which is virtually a simple disposer and kitchen waste fermentation process tank. The combination was difficult.

【0005】

Therefore, instead of directly treating the kitchen waste with a very high water content that is transported with a large amount of water after being crushed using a disposer in the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank, the kitchen waste transported by water is separated by a solid-liquid separator. A kitchen waste fermentation treatment device 1 has been proposed in which only the solid content, that is, the crushed kitchen waste is charged into the fermentation treatment tank. However, in this case, after the kitchen waste is transported, only the solid component, that is, the crushed kitchen waste is put into the fermentation treatment tank through a solid-liquid separator, and the wastewater is discharged to the sewer or the like as it is.

【0006】

However, since this wastewater contains a high concentration of organic components and it is difficult to discharge it as it is, the kitchen waste fermentation treatment device 2 was proposed (New Material / Equipment System Development Project for Apartment Houses in 1987). R & D consignment project Research result report "Development of household kitchen waste treatment system). Similar to the kitchen waste fermentation processing device 1, this conventional kitchen waste fermentation processing device 2 crushes and conveys the kitchen waste generated in the kitchen using a disposer, and then passes through a solid-liquid separator to solidify, that is, crushed kitchen waste. However, the post-treatment after that was different, and the liquid content after solid-liquid separation was treated in the wastewater treatment tank and then discharged to the sewer.

【0007】

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in the conventional kitchen waste fermentation processing apparatus 1, although the apparatus itself is miniaturized, the waste liquid after solid-liquid separation contains a high concentration of organic matter and has a very high sewerage load. And in fact, direct drainage to the water and sewage was not possible.

【0008】

Further, in the conventional kitchen waste fermentation treatment apparatus 2, although the problem of the load of waste liquid is solved, it is necessary to provide a wastewater treatment tank in addition to the fermentation treatment tank, and the cost is increased due to the increase in size and complexity of the apparatus. Had the problem of rising. It could not be used in household kitchen waste disposal equipment.

【0009】

Therefore, in order to solve these conventional problems, the present invention does not discharge wastewater to sewers or the like, does not increase the size of the device, has a simple structure, can reuse kitchen waste as compost, and is a transport path. It is an object of the present invention to provide a kitchen waste crushing and fermenting treatment apparatus which is easy to maintain without being blocked.

【0010】

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention includes a solenoid valve and a constant flow valve for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the kitchen waste crushing means, and a control means for controlling the solenoid valve to supply water. Occasionally, the control means opens the solenoid valve for a predetermined time and supplies a predetermined amount of water to the kitchen waste crushing means by a constant flow valve.

【0011】

As a result, wastewater is not discharged to the sewer, etc., the device does not become large, it has a simple structure, kitchen waste can be reused as compost, and residual inspection remains inside and a foul odor is generated. It is possible to provide a kitchen waste crushing and fermentation processing apparatus that does not block the transport path and is easy to maintain.

【0012】

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The invention according to claim 1 is a kitchen waste crushing means for crushing kitchen waste together with a small amount of water to make a high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed product, and a fermentation process for fermenting the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed product to compost. A processing tank, a flexible transport path having an inner wall surface roughness of less than 0.003 for sending the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste to the fermentation treatment tank, and the high-viscosity kitchen waste provided in the transport path. It is provided with a pressure feeding means for pumping crushed material, an electromagnetic valve and a constant flow valve for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the kitchen waste crushing means, and a control means for controlling the electromagnetic valve. Since the kitchen waste crushing and fermentation treatment apparatus is characterized in that the electromagnetic valve is opened and a predetermined amount of water is supplied to the kitchen waste crushing means by a constant flow valve, the amount of water can be easily and accurately controlled.

【0013】

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, at the time of crushing kitchen waste, the control means controls an electromagnetic valve to supply an amount of water 0.2 to 1.0 times the weight of the kitchen waste. The viscosity can be set to a predetermined range to prevent obstruction of the transport path, the pumping efficiency can be improved, and the water content in the fermentation treatment tank can be set to a range that can be finely adjusted.

【0014】

According to the third aspect of the present invention, at the time of cleaning the kitchen waste crushing means and the pumping means, the control means controls the solenoid valve to supply water amount of 0.1 to 0.2 times the weight of the kitchen waste and pumped with the kitchen waste crushing means. Since the means is washed, it can be washed away without leaving any residue, and the water content in the fermentation treatment feed can be set within a range that can be finely adjusted.

【0015】

The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that, at the time of cleaning the transport path, the control means controls the solenoid valve to supply an amount of water 0.3 to 0.8 times the weight of the garbage to clean the transport path. It can be washed away without leaving any residue, and the water content in the fermentation process feed can be adjusted to a range that can be controlled by fine adjustment.

【0016】

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8. (Embodiment 1) The kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the kitchen waste crushing and fermenting treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view and a view of the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing and fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. 3 (a) is a vertical and horizontal cross-sectional view of the fermentation processing tank of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 (b) is the fermentation of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. A vertical front sectional view of the processing tank, FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of the kitchen waste crushing and fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

【0017】

In Fig. 1, 1 is a mixer-like kitchen waste crushing means that is installed under the kitchen sink and can crush the input garbage, and enables crushing and transportation by mixing a small amount of water. It is a thing. Reference numeral 2 denotes a squeeze pump that pushes the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material into a transport path and pumps it one after another, and constitutes the pumping means of the first embodiment. Reference numeral 3 denotes a flexible polyethylene tube having an inner diameter of 10 mm and having no joint, and the surface roughness (ε / D) of the inner inner wall surface is set to be smaller than 0.003. However, ε is the height of minute irregularities indicating the roughness of the surface of the inner wall surface, and D is the representative dimension of the tube (in the case of a circular tube, the inner diameter dimension). The representative dimension is four times the cross-sectional area of the tube divided by the inner circumference. In the first embodiment, 10 mm is selected as the inner diameter assuming a household kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing device that processes about 1 kg of kitchen waste per day, but the inner diameter is 5 mm or more as described later. It is suitable, and a range of 5 mm to 20 mm is desirable. The material of the tube 3 may be a resin such as polytetrafluorinated ethylene or polyamide in addition to polyethylene, and the same action can be expected. When the tube 3 is made of these resins, it is easy to give flexibility and reduce the surface roughness (ε / D) of the inner wall surface to less than 0.003. 4 is a fermentation treatment tank that composts kitchen waste by culturing microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, mainly Bacillus. The fermentation processing tank 4 is arranged outdoors, and the kitchen waste crushing means 1 and the squeeze pump 2 are arranged indoors.

【0018】

Therefore, first, the kitchen waste crushing means 1 of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus of the first embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 5 denotes a movable blade that crushes the kitchen waste input from the upper input port of the kitchen waste crushing means 1 into a high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed product. In the case of the first embodiment, the movable blades 5 are provided in two stages and each has four blades. Reference numeral 6 denotes a motor for rotating the movable blade 5, which is controlled by the control means 30 as described later. Reference numeral 7 denotes a protrusion serving as a fixed blade provided at a position facing the movable blade 5 on the inner wall surface of the container of the kitchen waste crushing means 1. The protrusion 7 is formed in an isosceles triangle shape so that the movable blade 5 can rotate to the left or right. In the first embodiment, as the first step, the movable blade 5 is moved by intermittently energizing the motor 6, the kitchen waste is vibrated and dropped between the fixed blade 7 and the movable blade 5, and at the same time, it is roughly crushed. To do. Next, as the second step, the motor 6 is continuously energized to crush fine particles. It is possible to pulverize without providing the protrusion 7. 8 is a water inlet for adding tap water to adjust the viscosity while facilitating the crushing of kitchen waste. In addition, 9 is a solenoid valve, which controls the amount of tap water flowing to the water inlet 8, and 10 is a constant flow valve so that the amount of water to be injected is constant regardless of the water pressure. It is attached. 11 is a kitchen waste discharge port for sending the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material to the transport path. As described above, the kitchen waste crushing means 1 of the first embodiment of the present invention pushes the kitchen waste to be crushed by a water stream and transfers it to the crushing section like a normal disposer, or transfers the crushed kitchen waste to the crushed portion. By intermittently energizing the motor 6 instead of sending it out on the ground, the movable blade 5 is oscillated to vibrate the kitchen waste and drop it to the bottom, and soak it in a small amount of water to make a highly viscous crushed product. It is to be transported. The kitchen waste crushing means 1 of the first embodiment has a crushing capacity sufficient to process 1 kg of kitchen waste per day, and is suitable for household food waste processing.

【0019】

Next, the fermentation treatment tank 4 of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation treatment apparatus of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 (a) and 3 (b). Reference numeral 13 denotes a food waste moisture adjusting material that is loaded into the treatment tank 20 and mixed with the high-viscosity food waste crushed product sent from the tube 3 to decompose the high-viscosity food waste crushed product by fermentation treatment. Sawdust, wood chips, etc. are suitable for this kitchen waste moisture adjusting material 13, which is for fermentation typified by aerobic bacteria, etc., in addition to the action of adjusting the moisture in the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material. It has the function of a microbial carrier that inhabits the above-mentioned microorganisms. Reference numeral 14 denotes a stirring blade that stirs the kitchen waste moisture adjusting material 13 and the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste transported into the treatment tank 20 and mixes them into a uniform state. The rotation axis of the stirring blade 14 is rotatably supported by the kitchen waste fermentation processing tank 4. A plurality of blades are erected from the rotating shaft of the stirring blade 14, and the tips of the blades are rounded to prevent danger. Further, a sprocket is provided at one end of the rotating shaft of the stirring blade 14 so that it can be driven by a chain. Reference numeral 15 denotes a stirring motor for driving the stirring blade 14, which rotates the sprocket on the stirring blade 14 side with a chain by a sprocket provided on the output shaft. Reference numeral 16 denotes a heating means attached to the bottom of the treatment tank 20. The heating means 16 is a heating surface heater in which heating wires are uniformly distributed, and the temperature inside the treatment tank is adjusted to a temperature suitable for the habitat of aerobic aerobic microorganisms in response to the temperature detected by a temperature sensor (not shown). While controlling, when the water content is temporarily increased by the high-viscosity food waste crushed material sent from the food waste crushing means 1 or when the washing water flows in, the water content is evaporated and the internal water content is fermented. It is intended to be in a state suitable for processing. Reference numeral 17 denotes an exhaust fan attached to the upper part of the processing tank 20, which takes in fresh air into a mixture of the high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste and the water content adjusting material 13 in exchange by exhausting the air inside. The inside of the treatment tank 20 is maintained in an aerobic condition. 18 contains odor, water vapor, and carbon dioxide from the exhaust fan 17. The exhaust passage for exhausting air to the sewage pipe, 19 is a check valve for preventing the backflow of odor when the pressure inside the sewage pipe becomes high. The fermentation treatment tank 4 of the first embodiment is suitable for household kitchen waste treatment capable of fermenting 1 kg per day.

【0020】

Next, the squeeze pump 2 which is a pumping means for transporting the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed product crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means 1 to the fermentation processing tank 4 and the tube 3 which is the transport path thereof will be described. The squeeze pump 2 is also called a tube pump, and is equipped with a U-shaped inverted pump tube, a rotor with multiple rotatable rollers arranged on the circumference, and a motor unit that rotates this rotor. The rotating roller moves while pressing the arc-shaped pump tube to squeeze out the high-viscosity garbage crushed material inside. Even though the squeeze pump 2 is a positive displacement pump, it does not have a valve mechanism inside. Therefore, a plurality of rollers press the pump tube one after another to squeeze the pump tube, and pumping with relatively little pulsation is possible. In addition, the squeeze pump 2 does not require any special operation for self-priming. The highly viscous kitchen waste crushed product crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means 1 overcomes the piping resistance of the tube 3 connected to the discharge side by the squeeze pump 2 and is pumped to the fermentation treatment tank 4. Since the pump tube part through which the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material passes and the rotor, which is a member on the drive side, are isolated via the pump tube wall, the drive side member is designed so that it does not come into contact with the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material. The degree of freedom is high. Furthermore, the discharge amount can be easily controlled by changing the rotation speed of the motor unit, and even when the pump tube deteriorates, it can be easily restored to the initial performance by replacing the deteriorated pump tube. Can be done. By the way, in such a squeeze pump 2, when a crushed material having a very high viscosity is fed, the crushed material is bitten at a predetermined rotation speed, the torque increases, and the pumping becomes extremely difficult. Further, if the residue becomes large and washed with a large amount of water, it becomes difficult to treat it in a dry fermentation treatment tank, and if it is not washed, a foul odor and scum are formed, which makes long-term operation difficult. When the crushed material is transported and the transport speed is low and the viscosity is low, a surface similar to the liquid level and an air layer are formed on the suction side and the discharge side, and this air layer makes it practically difficult to pump. I will. Therefore, as will be described later, the squeeze pump 2 is difficult to process by a dry fermentation process unless the viscosity is within a predetermined range. As another pumping means that realizes such a transport mode, there are positive displacement pumps such as a diaphragm pump, a plunger pump, and a snake pump. These can produce high pressure, but they also have the disadvantage of large pulsation and vibration. In addition to this, the kitchen waste crushing means 1 may be a container that can be pressurized, and may be pressurized by an air pump or the like or the fermentation processing tank side may be depressurized by a vacuum pump or the like and transported by the pressure difference from the transport path. Both have the same function as the squeeze pump 2.

【0021】

Next, the tube 3 as a transport path will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the surface roughness of the transport path and the flow path resistance of the kitchen waste crushing and fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Since the tube 3 of the first embodiment is made of polyethylene, it is flexible, can be deformed freely and has no seams, and the inner wall surface has a surface roughness (ε / D) smaller than 0.003 as described later. Since it is smooth, it does not get caught if it is a crushed high-viscosity garbage of a normal size. On the other hand, in the case of a hard material rather than flexible, a bent portion such as an elbow is required at the bent portion, and high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste may adhere to the bent portion to hinder the transportation. This does not happen because the tube 3 is flexible. In addition to this, even if there is a reverse gradient, a rising portion, etc., it is flexible, so that efficient transportation is possible. By the way, when the surface roughness is small, the crushed material is caught on the unevenness of the inner wall surface, which is not so noticeable, but when the unevenness becomes large, the crushed material having a large particle size starts to be caught, resulting in a large flow path resistance. is there. This limit value is (ε / D) 0.003 as shown in FIG. When it exceeds this limit value, the resistance suddenly increases, but when (ε / D) is less than 0.003, it is unlikely that pulverized material of almost any particle size will be caught and become resistance. If (ε / D) is larger than 0.003, high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste adheres to the inside of the tube 3 and a large amount of residue will be generated even if it is washed. A scum is formed on the ground and an odor is generated. Then, the blockage state occurs in a relatively short time. However, if (ε / D) is less than 0.003, washing with a small amount of water can almost eliminate the residue, does not generate odor, and does not cause blockage.

【0022】

By the way, the tube 3 of the first embodiment is assumed to have a daily processing amount of about 1 kg. If the amount of processing is larger than this, of course, even if the amount of processing is smaller, if the inner diameter of the tube 3 is smaller than 5 mm, it will be difficult to pump the kitchen waste by normal crushing. That is, when considering the relationship between the particle size and viscosity of the crushed kitchen waste and the tube 3, as will be described later, according to the experiment of FIG. 6, pumping is difficult unless the particle size is 2.5 mm or less with a diameter of 5 mm or less. And in order to crush to a diameter of 2.5 mm or less, it is necessary to use an extremely high-capacity kitchen waste crushing means 1 or to crush for an extremely long time. For a normal user, crushing for 5 to 6 minutes at the most, and noise and energy consumption during this period will be the limit of patience, but if this is ignored and crushing to a particle size of 2.5 mm or less is 1 An extremely long crushing time of ~ 2 hours or more is required. Such crushing is practically difficult. In addition, the nature of kitchen waste contains hard solids such as bones and seeds, and it is extremely difficult to turn this into a high-viscosity crushed food waste with a particle size of 2.5 mm or less in a short time of 5 to 6 minutes. The ability of garbage crushing means 1 is required. Therefore, the transport path of the kitchen waste crushing and fermenting processing apparatus of the present invention must have an inner diameter dimension of 5 mm or more when it is a circular tube, or a representative dimension of 5 mm or more when it is not a circular tube. When the transport path has a typical dimension of 5 mm or more and the (ε / D) is smaller than 0.003 as in the first embodiment, bacteria do not propagate and generate odor, and the blockage occurs. It is unlikely that you will be in a state.

【0023】

Next, we will explain what kind of properties the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material for pumping through the transport path must have, in other words, to what degree of viscosity and particle size it needs to be crushed. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the particle size ratio and the transport speed ratio of the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the case of the first embodiment, the tube 3 as the transport path has an inner diameter of 5 mm or more as described above. Here, assuming that the particle size of the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste is d and the representative dimension of the transport path is D (inner diameter dimension in the case of a circular tube), the particle size ratio can be expressed by (d / D). As the representative speed of the transport speed ratio, the transport speed V5% when (d / D) is 5% is set as the representative speed. For tube 3 with an inner diameter D of 5 mm or more, V5% is 0.1 m / sec to 4.0 m / sec. If the transport speed is V, the transport speed ratio is expressed as (V / V 5%). According to FIG. 6, the transport speed ratio (V / V 5%) greatly decreases from around 1 at the boundary of 50% of the particle size ratio (d / D) and becomes almost 0 at around 75%. This indicates that in a transport path having a typical size of 5 mm or more, the flow path starts to be blocked when the particle size ratio (d / D) exceeds 50%. Therefore, since clogging starts when the particle size ratio (d / D) exceeds 50%, it can be seen that it is at least necessary that the (d / D) is 50% or less. If d is 10 mm or more, the fermentation process takes too long, so the actual d is in the range of 5 mm to 10 mm. This point will be described below. In this way, the particle size ratio must be 50% or less when considering the blockage of the transport path and the fermentation processing time.

【0024】

Next, FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the particle size and crushing time and the particle size and fermentation processing time of the high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing and fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure. According to FIG. 7, it can be seen that the pulverization treatment time becomes extremely long when the particle size is 2.5 mm or less. This is because, as described above, the viscosity of the crushed kitchen waste increases and the crushing efficiency deteriorates. It can also be seen that when the particle size exceeds 10 mm, the fermentation treatment time in the fermentation treatment tank 4 increases significantly. Considering that the particle size ratio must be 50% or less as shown in FIG. 6, it is desirable that the representative dimension D of the transport path is 20 mm or less. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the viscosity, the water content, and the viscosity and the flow path resistance of the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Looking at the relationship between the water content and the viscosity, it can be seen that the water content exceeds 70% when the viscosity drops to 1000 cp or less. Some microorganisms such as aerobic thermophilic bacteria maintain their activity even when the water content is 70% or more, but at around 70%, the carrier tends to harden and the anaerobic atmosphere becomes strong. Then, the activity of the aerobic aerobic microorganisms in the fermentation treatment tank as a whole decreases when the crushed food waste has a water content of 70% or more, and it becomes impossible to continue the fermentation treatment. Therefore, the viscosity must be 1000 cp or more. Moreover, when the viscosity is 1000 cp or less, the pulverized product has a liquid level similar to that of a liquid, and two layers of an air layer and a liquid pulverized product are formed in the transport path, which may make pumping impossible.

【0025】

Next, when the relationship between the viscosity and the flow path resistance is examined, it can be seen that the flow path resistance suddenly changes significantly at a viscosity of 100,000 cp. Most of the kitchen waste discharged from ordinary households is a mixture of vegetable waste and leftover food, and the viscosity of the mixture after crushing is about 50,000 cp at the highest. The viscosity after crushing exceeds 100,000 cp when very fibrous materials such as kelp, rice cake and corn core are crushed alone without adding water, and the crushed product has peculiar fluidity. .. In this state as well, as in the case of low viscosity, the viscosity is too high to form a continuous flow of viscous crushed kitchen waste, a sloppy discontinuous flow is formed, and air gaps are formed before sending. It will disappear. Therefore, if the viscosity of the crushed material crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means 1 of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation treatment device is not 1000 cp to 100,000 cp, a continuous flow that completely fills the cross section of the tube 3 is not formed and is effectively pumped to the fermentation treatment tank. Can't. If the crushed material has a viscosity in this range, even if the crushed material with high viscosity disappears from the squeeze pump 2 near the end of transportation and exists only in the tube 3, the crushed food waste will be present. Since the cross section of the tube 3 is blocked and completely filled, the squeeze pump 2 can be completely conveyed to the end by the pressure of the air sent out.

【0026】

Next, the control device of the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 30 denotes a control means composed of a microcomputer, a memory, and the like. 31 is a crushing motor driving means for driving the motor 6 of the garbage crushing means 1, 32 is a pumping motor driving means for driving the motor of the squeeze pump 2, 33 is a stirring motor driving means for the stirring motor 15 of the fermentation processing tank 4, 34 Is the heating driving means of the heating means 16, 35 is the fan driving means of the exhaust fan 17, 36 is the solenoid valve driving means of the solenoid valve 9, and 37 is the timer. The crushing motor driving means 31, the pumping motor driving means 32, the stirring motor driving means 33, the heating driving means 34, the fan driving means 35, and the solenoid valve driving means 36 are controlled by commands from the control means 30.

【0027】

A control device for adjusting a small amount of water supplied to the kitchen waste crushing means 1, which is a feature of the present invention, will be described in detail. The control means 30 drives the solenoid valve driving means 36 by the input signal from the operation switch, and releases the solenoid valve 9. Then, water is sent to the constant flow valve 10 through the solenoid valve 9. Since the constant flow rate valve 10 has an urged valve body and always discharges a constant flow rate even if the pressure on the inlet side fluctuates, a required amount can be obtained by controlling the time for operating the solenoid valve driving means 36. It can supply water. By the way, the control means 30 drives the solenoid valve driving means 36, and at the same time, causes the timer 37 to start timing. When the timer 37 counts a predetermined time corresponding to the supply flow rate stored in the control means 30, the control means 30 stops the driving of the solenoid valve driving means 36. From the constant flow valve 10, a predetermined small amount of water is supplied to the kitchen waste crushing means 1 at the time of crushing. As this amount of water, supplying 0.2 to 1.0 times the weight of the kitchen waste gives an appropriate viscosity for transporting the kitchen waste, and at the same time, makes the water content suitable for the habitation of microorganisms in the fermentation treatment tank 4. It is suitable because it can be done. Further, the control means 30 causes the timer 37 to count a predetermined time during which the garbage is completely crushed and transported starting from the input of the operation switch that drives the motor 6, but when this elapses, it is for cleaning. The solenoid valve driving means 36 is driven again to open the solenoid valve 9. The timer 37 counts a predetermined time corresponding to the flow rate at the time of cleaning the kitchen waste crushing means 1 and the squeeze pump 2, and in response to this, the required amount of washing water is poured into the kitchen waste crushing means 1 from the constant flow valve 10. Is done. When this cleaning is completed, the control means 30 temporarily closes the solenoid valve 9. After that, the control means 30 opens the solenoid valve 9 again and pours washing water for cleaning the tube 3, and when a predetermined time elapses, the control means 30 closes the solenoid valve 9 again. The first wash water is 0.1 to 0.2 times the weight of kitchen waste, and the second time is 0.3 to 0.8 times the weight of kitchen waste, for a total of 0.4 to 1.

【0028】

Therefore, a series of operations of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus of the present embodiment will be described. First, when the user puts the kitchen waste into the kitchen waste crushing means 1 and turns on the operation switch, the control means 30 operates the solenoid valve driving means 36 of the solenoid valve 9 with reference to the time from the timer 37. Then, a predetermined amount of tap water is injected from the water inlet 9 through the constant flow valve 10. At the same time, the control means 30 drives the crushing motor driving means 31 to start the rotation of the movable blade 5, and the crushing starts. At this time, as the first step, the control means 30 is energized intermittently for a certain period of time by the timer 37 to roughly crush the kitchen waste, and then as the second step, the food waste is continuously energized for a certain period of time to be crushed until it becomes sufficiently fine.

【0029】

After a lapse of a certain period of time from the start of crushing, the control means 30 drives the pumping motor driving means 32 to send the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed by the squeeze pump 2 to the tube 3. It is appropriate that the operation of the motor 6 of the kitchen waste crushing means 1 during pumping is not stopped, and the control means 30 operates the squeeze pump 2 while rotating the movable blade 5. This is because the rotation of the movable blade 5 can prevent the crushed material from being unnecessarily separated or settled, and it is possible to efficiently convey the crushed material as a homogeneous crushed material.

【0030】

At the same time as the operation of the squeeze pump 2 is started, the control means 30 operates the stirring motor driving means 33 to start the rotation of the stirring blade 14 of the fermentation processing tank 4. As a result, the high-viscosity food waste crushed product sent out by the squeeze pump 2 is sufficiently mixed with the food waste moisture adjusting material 13 loaded in the treatment tank 20. When a predetermined time has elapsed for the complete crushing and transportation of the kitchen waste, the control means 30 temporarily stops the operation of the movable blade 5 and the squeeze pump 2 of the kitchen waste crushing means 1, and then starts the cleaning operation.

【0031】

This cleaning operation will be described. Inside the garbage crushing means 1, the inside of the squeeze pump 2, and the inside of the tube 3, a lot of residue remains after the garbage is transported. In particular, a considerable amount of deposits remain inside the kitchen waste crushing means 1 due to the scattering of the crushed kitchen waste. If this residue is left as it is, it will be spoiled by the action of bacteria, and it will become a source of foul odors and will stick and accumulate as scum, leading to environmental deterioration and inoperability. Therefore, it is necessary to clean this adhesion residue. The control means 30 drives the solenoid valve driving means 36 to clean the residual inspection, opens the water inlet 8 once, and injects a small amount of water 0.1 to 0.2 times the weight of the garbage. At the same time as injecting water, the control means 30 operates the movable blade 5 for a predetermined time to sufficiently wash away the scattered pulverized material. When the deposits have disappeared by this washing off, the control means 30 operates the squeeze pump 2 to send the washing water to the tube 3. The wash water cleans the inside of the squeeze pump and the tube 3, but since this wash water has a low viscosity and contains solids, it is difficult to form a continuous flow as described above, and the inside of the tube 3 can be thoroughly washed. Can not. In addition, due to this, sufficient transportation to the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank 4 is not performed. Therefore, in order to completely wash the tube 3 and transfer the washing water to the kitchen waste fermentation treatment tank 4, the control means 30 opens the water inlet 8 again, and this time the weight of the kitchen waste is 0.3 to 0. Inject 8 times more water. Subsequently, the control means 30 operates the squeeze pump 2 to wash the insides of the squeeze pump 2 and the tube 3. It is desirable that the rotation speed of the squeeze pump 2 at this time be higher than that when the high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste is pumped. This is because the washing water has a low viscosity, but a continuous flow can be generated by increasing the number of revolutions, that is, the transport speed, and the higher the speed, the higher the washing efficiency. The washing water has a much lower viscosity than the crushed garbage, and since the inside of the squeeze pump is washed in the first washing, the solid content is low and the rotation speed can be increased without increasing the motor load. It can be lifted and strongly pumped for cleaning. In the first embodiment, the amount of water used for these series of cleaning operations is approximately 0.4 to 1.0 times the weight of the kitchen waste, and cleaning after crushing with a conventional disposer is performed with an amount of water 20 times or more the weight of the kitchen waste. It is a place that is significantly different from.

【0032】

Next, how the control means 30 controls the processing tank 12 will be described. The treatment tank 12 is provided with a heating means 16. The control means 30 operates the heating driving means 34 to control the heating means 16 to a predetermined temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C. The temperature inside the tank is provided with a temperature sensor (not shown), which can be constantly monitored. Further, in the processing tank 12, sufficient air is supplied to keep the inside of the tank in an aerobic condition, and at the same time, the stirring blade 14 for discharging the steam generated by the heat of the heating means 16 and the heat of fermentation to the outside of the apparatus An exhaust fan 17 is provided. The control means 30 controls the stirring blade 14 and the exhaust fan 17 by a timer 37 in order to remove excess water in the tank. Under the control of the control means 30, the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste mixed with the food waste moisture adjusting material 13 such as shavings is an aerobic aerobic bacterium mainly in the genus Bacillus inhabiting the kitchen waste moisture adjusting material 13. It is rapidly decomposed by the microorganisms in Japan and transformed into water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, other inorganic substances and persistent organic residue. This generated gas component is discharged to the sewer pipe by the exhaust fan together with water vapor. Then, in the treatment tank 12, compost, which is an organic substance stabilized by decomposition, is produced.

【0033】

By the way, the fermentation treatment tank 4 needs an environment suitable for habitation on the principle that it is treated with microorganisms, and the water content of the mixture including the crushed kitchen waste and the water conditioner is in the range of 50% to 60%. Need to keep. If the water content falls below this range, the water content required for the biological activity of microorganisms will be insufficient, resulting in a decrease in fermentation rate. On the contrary, when the water content exceeds this range, the oxygen to be supplied by stirring becomes insufficient, the inside of the fermenter becomes anaerobic, and anaerobic microorganisms propagate to generate a strong odor. The water content is obtained by dividing the amount of water contained in the kitchen waste and the kitchen waste moisture adjusting material 13 by the sum of the dry weight of the kitchen waste and the kitchen waste moisture adjusting material 13 and the moisture content. Further, in the first embodiment, a temperature sensor is used as a sensor for measuring the water content, and the temperature is calculated by conversion. As described above, in the kitchen waste crushing fermentation treatment apparatus of the first embodiment, the environment in the treatment tank 12 is controlled by the control means 30 to have a water content in the range of 50% to 60% and a temperature of 50 ° C to 90 ° C. Since it can be controlled while raising and lowering appropriately within a range, a dry fermentation process can be realized.

【0034】

As can be seen from the above description, the first embodiment has the following effects. In order to keep the water content of the mixture in the fermentation treatment tank 4 within the optimum range, in the first embodiment, a predetermined amount of water is mixed with the kitchen waste water content adjusting material 13 at the time of starting to provide the basic water content. While adjusting the rate, inject a small amount of water 0.2 to 1.0 times the weight of the kitchen waste to crush it, and immediately after that, wash it with washing water 0.4 to 1.0 times the weight of the kitchen waste from the beginning. We are taking measures to adjust the water content. As a result, once adjusted for the first time, after that, excess water is removed and the water in the fermentation treatment tank 4 is removed by making slight adjustments using means that do not impose a load on the sewer, such as heating evaporation and ventilation of the outside air. It is possible to maintain the optimum range. However, when a large amount of water, which is 20 times or more that of kitchen waste, flows in at once as in the case of using a conventional disposer, the water removal is temporarily not in time, resulting in a rapid increase in water content and a decrease in the temperature of the treatment tank. They are invited and their microbial activity is greatly affected and they die.

【0035】

Then, in order to realize a kitchen waste crushing fermentation treatment apparatus by combining the kitchen waste crushing means 1 and the fermentation treatment tank 4, it is necessary to control the amount of water required for crushing and pumping the kitchen waste and the water content in the fermentation treatment tank 4. It is not feasible. Therefore, the solenoid valve 9, the constant flow valve 10, and the control means 30 of the first embodiment can be easily and accurately controlled by the control by the timer 37, and the viscosity of the crushed food waste is 100,000 cp to 1000 cp. It is possible to increase the pumping efficiency by setting the range to prevent blockage of the transport path. In addition, if excess water is sent to the fermentation treatment tank 4, the activity of the microorganisms living inside will decrease, but the accurate amount of water will be sent by timer control, which will result in the fermentation treatment tank 4. The water content inside can be controlled by slightly adjusting the heating means 16 and the exhaust fan 17, and the water content of the mixture of the crushed food waste and the water content adjusting material 13 in the fermentation treatment tank 4 can be adjusted by microorganisms. Allows precise control over the range of 50% to 60% where is most activated.

【0036】

Further, in the first embodiment, since the kitchen waste crushing means 1 and the tube 3 are washed with water of 0.4 to 1.0 times the weight of the kitchen waste after the pumping is completed, the residue rots and gives off a foul odor, or scum. Does not adhere and cause blockage. When cleaning, it is important to transport the garbage in a continuous flow state in which water is clogged without forming an air layer in the transport path, as in the case of transporting kitchen waste. By doing so, cleaning is performed with water in contact with the entire surface of the squeeze pump 3 and the transport path, the discharge pressure can be secured, and no residual inspection is left. In the first embodiment, since the washing is performed with water of 0.4 to 1.0 times the weight of the garbage, the aerobic conditions for the fermentation treatment in the fermentation treatment tank 4 can be maintained. In addition, the viscosity of the washing water is almost equal to the viscosity of the water, and it is appropriate to increase the rotation speed of the squeeze pump to increase the carrying speed in order to prevent the formation of an air layer in the transport path and for strong cleaning. is there.

【0037】

Further, in the first embodiment, a flexible tube 3 having a representative dimension of 5 mm or more is used as a transport path, and the surface roughness (ε / D) thereof is made smaller than 0.003 to form joints and bent portions. There is no place where clogging occurs, and it is possible to provide smoothness so that the crushed high-viscosity kitchen waste is not clogged. As a matter of course, the viscosity of the high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste is greatly affected by the amount of water added, but in the first embodiment, 0.2 to 1.0 times the weight of the crushed kitchen waste is added at the time of crushing the kitchen waste. By doing so, a pulverized product having a viscosity within the range of the water content that enables transportation and also realizes a dry fermentation / decomposition treatment is produced. That is, the viscosity of the crushed high-viscosity garbage is affected by the type of crushed garbage, and if the amount of water added is less than 0.2 times, the viscosity of the crushed meat, grains, etc. becomes too high, making it difficult to transport. , The crushing itself is not performed well, and if more than 1.0 times the amount of water is added, the viscosity will be almost the same as that of water when crushing vegetables. As mentioned above, an air layer is formed and transported. Is difficult. Moreover, if the amount of water exceeds 1.0 times, the effect on the microorganisms in the fermentation treatment tank 4 becomes large, along with the washing water, and the microorganisms die, and the original purpose of performing the dry fermentation treatment can be achieved. It disappears.

【0038】

Further, in the first embodiment, since the inner diameter of the tube is set to a size of 5 mm or more as described above, the flow path resistance is not so large, and the life of the tube 3 can be extended. And if it is smaller than 5 mm, the pump tube 37 of the squeeze pump 2 deteriorates faster, but that does not occur either. Also, when transporting crushed material with a particle size of about 2.5 mm or more, the tube 3 and squeeze pump 2 with an inner diameter smaller than 5 mm will sooner or later block, but if you try to avoid this, it will be finely crushed to 2.5 mm or less. The crushing time must be extremely long. However, since the inner diameter is 5 mm or more, the crushing time can be suppressed to the normal range. Therefore, in the first embodiment, an inner diameter of 5 mm or more and 10 mm is selected, and there is no problem in terms of noise, energy consumption, usability, etc. due to crushing. Further, in the first embodiment, since the representative size of the transport path is 20 mm or less, the crushed material containing the particle component collapses in the transport tube by its own weight during transport, and the crushed food waste and the upper wall surface of the transport tube There is no air layer between them, in other words, a gap is created and the transfer efficiency is not reduced. Therefore, such a gap is formed on the discharge side of the squeeze pump 2, an air bypass is formed on the suction side and the discharge side, and the pressure sent out by the squeeze pump 2 passes through the air layer, and the squeeze pump 2 The high-viscosity crushed kitchen waste will not be discharged and the transportation will not stop.

【0039】

Furthermore, the transport speed is also extremely important for efficient transport, and since 0.1 m / sec to 1.0 m / sec is selected in this embodiment, this allows the highly viscous crushed kitchen waste to be transported through the transport path. The high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed material can be transported without forming a layer of air in the transport path without clogging the pumping means. At this time, the pulverization processing time and the fermentation processing time do not become extremely long. Then, it is possible to realize a compact kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing device having a transport length of 20 m or less in the transport path, and it is possible to efficiently transport the food waste in the fermentation processing tank 4 without causing a large transient impact. It is a thing.

【0040】

[Effect of the invention]

According to the present invention, the wastewater is not discharged to the sewer, the device does not become large, the kitchen waste has a simple structure, the kitchen waste can be reused as compost, and the maintenance is easy. It can be a device.

【0041】

Then, in order to realize a kitchen waste crushing and fermentation processing apparatus by combining a kitchen waste crushing means and a fermentation treatment tank, the amount of water required for crushing and pumping the kitchen waste, the amount of water required for cleaning, and the kitchen waste and the kitchen waste This cannot be achieved without finely controlling the water content of the moisture adjusting material, but the present invention can easily and accurately control it by timer control, and keep the viscosity of the crushed kitchen waste within a predetermined range. It is possible to prevent blockage of the transport path and improve pumping efficiency. Further, the water content in the fermentation treatment tank is controlled within a predetermined range that can be finely adjusted, and it is possible to accurately control the water content within a predetermined range in which microorganisms are most activated.

【0042】

In addition, since the kitchen waste can be automatically transported, the user can save the trouble of transporting it to the fermentation processing tank placed outdoors. And since the transport path is flexible, the crushed kitchen waste does not block the transport path, the degree of freedom of installation such as slope and rise is extremely high, and the construction work at the time of installation becomes extremely easy. Is.

[Simple explanation of drawings]

[Figure 1]

Overall configuration diagram of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention [Figure 2]

Longitudinal sectional view of the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Fig. 3]

(a) Vertical and horizontal sectional view of the fermentation processing tank of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention (b) Vertical front sectional view of the fermentation processing tank of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. Figure [Fig. 4]

Control block diagram of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention [Fig. 5]

The figure which shows the relationship between the surface roughness of the transport path of the garbage crushing fermentation processing apparatus and the flow path resistance in one Embodiment of this invention. [Fig. 6]

The figure which shows the relationship between the particle size ratio and the transport rate ratio, and the particle size ratio, and the fermentation processing time of the high-viscosity garbage crushed matter crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. [Fig. 7]

The figure which shows the particle size and the crushing time, and the relationship between the particle size and the fermentation processing time of the high-viscosity crushed garbage crushed by the garbage crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. [Fig. 8]

The figure which shows the relationship between the viscosity and the water content and the viscosity and the flow path resistance of the high-viscosity kitchen waste crushed by the kitchen waste crushing means of the kitchen waste crushing fermentation processing apparatus in one Embodiment of this invention. [Explanation of symbols]

1 Means for crushing kitchen waste 2 squeeze pump 3 tubes 4 Fermentation processing tank 5 Movable blade 6 motor 7 protrusions 8 Water inlet 9 Solenoid valve 10 Constant flow valve 11 Garbage outlet 12 processing tank 13 Garbage moisture conditioner 14 Stirring blade 15 Stirring motor 16 Heating means 17 Exhaust fan 18 Exhaust channel 19 Check valve 20 processing tank 30 Control means 31 Milling motor drive means 32 Pumping motor drive means 33 Stirring motor drive means 34 Heating drive means 35 Fan drive means 36 Solenoid valve driving means 37 timer