Multimedia direct access storage device and format method
Abstract
[Task] Provided are a multimedia direct access storage device and a method for transferring a source program signal representing a compressed digital multimedia program to or from a direct access storage device.
Solution.The multimedia program is transmitted from the multimedia server as a custom-ordered individually compressed program segment sequence and received by the multimedia direct access storage. The direct access storage buffers the compressed program segment and then displays it on the local display monitor. The multimedia direct access storage device is preferably incorporated as a component of the local set-top control system to buffer a predetermined number of compressed program segments received from the multimedia server. Some of these program segments can be ordered non-sequentially and others can be ordered sequentially.

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Projected expiry passed 28 May 2016, 10.3 years ago.
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28 claims: 4 independent, 24 dependent
- 1【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】カスタム順序のソース番組セグメント列にセグメント化されるマルチメディア番組の少なくとも一部をバッファリングする直接アクセス記憶装置であって、前記の各ソース番組セグメントが前記マルチメディア番組の固有部分を表現するものにおいて、 ディスク下面及びディスク上面のいずれかに配置される複数のデータ記憶領域を有する少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクと、 前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクを回転させるスピンドル・モータと、 細長のアームを有するアクチュエータと、 前記細長の各アーム上に配置されるトランスジューサと、 前記ソース番組セグメントを前記複数のデータ記憶領域へ書込むように調整し、前記ソース番組セグメントを、前記データ記憶領域から順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして読出すように調整する、制御装置と、 を含む、装置。
- 2【請求項2】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、前記ディスク上面に配置される上面データ記憶領域と、前記ディスク下面に配置される下面データ記憶領域とを含み、 前記制御装置が、前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面データ記憶領域及び下面データ記憶領域へ書込むように調整し、前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面データ記憶領域及び下面データ記憶領域から順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして読出すように調整する、 請求項1記載の装置。
- 3【請求項3】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、前記ディスク上面に配置される上面データ記憶領域と、前記ディスク下面に配置される下面データ記憶領域とを含み、 前記制御装置が、所定数の前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面データ記憶領域及び下面データ記憶領域へ書込むように調整し、前記所定数のソース番組セグメントを、前記上面データ記憶領域及び下面データ記憶から順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして読出すように調整する、 請求項1記載の装置。
- 4【請求項4】前記所定数のソース番組セグメントが、前記マルチメディア番組全体を定義する前記ソース番組セグメントの数よりも少ない、請求項3記載の装置。
- 5【請求項5】前記所定数の各ソース番組セグメントが、続いて書込まれる前記ソース番組セグメントにより先書き先読み方式で上書きされる、請求項3記載の装置。
- 6【請求項6】前記制御装置が先送りまたは反転表現制御信号に応答して、それぞれ前記ソース番組セグメントを前記複数のデータ記憶領域から順方向または逆方向に順次読出すように調整する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 7【請求項7】前記ソース番組セグメントが複数のパケットに配列され、前記制御装置が前記複数の連続パケットに配列された前記ソース番組セグメントを前記複数のデータ記憶領域に交互に書込むように調整する、請求項1記載の装置。
- 8【請求項8】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、 前記ディスク下面またはディスク上面のいずれか一方に配置される第1の螺旋データ・トラックと、 前記ディスク下面またはディスク上面のいずれか他方に配置される第2の螺旋データ・トラックと、 を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 9【請求項9】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、 データ・バンドと、 前記データ・バンド内に定義される内径螺旋位置及び外径螺旋位置と、 前記ディスク下面またはディスク上面のいずれか一方に配置される第1の螺旋データ・トラックと、 前記ディスク下面またはディスク上面のいずれか他方に配置される第2の螺旋データ・トラックと、 前記内径螺旋位置または外径螺旋位置のいずれか一方に達するまで、前記アクチュエータを前記第1の螺旋データ・トラックに沿って移動するように調整し、前記内径螺旋位置または外径螺旋位置のいずれか他方に達するまで、前記アクチュエータを前記第2の螺旋データ・トラックに沿って移動するように調整する、前記制御装置と、 を含む、請求項1記載の装置。
- 10【請求項10】前記制御装置が、前記内径螺旋位置と外径螺旋位置との間の前記アクチュエータの単一走行の間に、少なくとも1つのソース番組セグメントを第1のトランスジューサから前記第1の螺旋データ・トラックへ書込むように調整し、前記内径螺旋位置と外径螺旋位置との間の前記アクチュエータの単一走行の間に、前記第1のトランスジューサにより、少なくとも1つの以前に書込まれたソース番組セグメントを前記第1の螺旋データ・トラックから読出すように調整する、請求項9記載の装置。
- 11【請求項11】前記データ記憶領域に読み書きされる前記ソース番組セグメントが、圧縮番組セグメントである、請求項1記載の装置。
- 12【請求項12】所定数の前記ソース番組セグメントが複数の前記データ記憶領域に書込まれ、表現制御窓バッファを定義し、前記ソース番組セグメントが方程式、 SC=D×M×L×S0、及び、 PTD=D×M×L×T0 に従い、前記表現制御窓バッファにフォーマットされ、ここで、 SCは前記表現制御窓バッファをサポートするために使用される公称記憶容量(メガバイト)として定義され、 Dは前記表現制御窓バッファをサポートするために使用されるデータ記憶ディスク面の数として定義され、 Mは前記表現制御窓バッファをサポートするために使用される1データ記憶ディスク面当たりのセグメント・ブロックの数として定義され、 Lは前記ソース番組セグメントの数により測定される各セグメント・ブロックの長さとして定義され、 S0は前記各ソース番組セグメントの平均サイズ(メガバイト)として定義され、 PTDは前記表現制御窓バッファの期間(秒)として定義され、 T0は前記の各ソース番組セグメントに対応する伸長フル・モーション番組時間(秒)として定義される、 請求項1記載の装置。
- 13【請求項13】前記カスタム順序のソース番組セグメント列が、順次的及び非順次的に順序付けられた番組セグメントを含み、 前記制御装置が、前記非順次ソース番組セグメントを前記複数のデータ記憶領域へ書込むように調整し、前記非順次ソース番組セグメントを前記データ記憶領域から、順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして読出すように調整する、 請求項1記載の装置。
- 14【請求項14】カスタム順序のソース番組セグメント列にセグメント化されるマルチメディア番組の少なくとも一部をバッファリングする直接アクセス記憶装置であって、前記各ソース番組セグメントが前記マルチメディア番組の固有部分を表現するものにおいて、 ディスク下面及びディスク上面のいずれかに配置される複数のデータ記憶領域を有する少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクと、 前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクを回転させるスピンドル・モータと、 細長の上下のアクチュエータ・アームを有するアクチュエータと、 前記上アクチュエータ・アーム上に配置される上トランスジューサ、及び前記下アクチュエータ・アーム上に配置される下トランスジューサと、 前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上下のトランスジューサから前記複数のデータ記憶領域へ転送するように制御し、前記ソース番組セグメントを前記データ記憶領域から前記上下のトランスジューサへ順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして転送するように制御する、制御装置手段と、 を含む、装置。
- 15【請求項15】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、前記ディスク上面に配置される上面データ記憶領域と、前記ディスク下面に配置される下面データ記憶領域とを含み、 前記制御装置手段が、前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上下のトランスジューサから、それぞれ前記上面データ記憶領域及び下面データ記憶領域へ転送するように制御し、前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面及び下面データ記憶領域から、それぞれ前記上トランスジューサ及び下トランスジューサへ、順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして転送するように制御する手段を含む、 請求項14記載の装置。
- 16【請求項16】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、前記ディスク上面に配置される上面データ記憶領域と、前記ディスク下面に配置される下面データ記憶領域とを含み、 前記制御装置手段が、所定数の前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上下のトランスジューサから、それぞれ前記上面データ記憶領域及び下面データ記憶領域へ転送するように制御し、前記所定数のソース番組セグメントを前記上面及び下面データ記憶領域から、それぞれ前記上トランスジューサ及び下トランスジューサへ、順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして転送するように調整する手段を含む、 請求項14記載の装置。
- 17【請求項17】前記所定数の各ソース番組セグメントが、続いて転送されるソース番組セグメントにより先書き先読み方式で上書きされる、請求項16記載の装置。
- 18【請求項18】前記制御装置が先送りまたは反転表現制御信号に応答して、前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面及び下面データ記憶領域からそれぞれ前記上下のトランスジューサに、それぞれ順方向または逆方向に順次読出すように制御する手段を含む、請求項14記載の装置。
- 19【請求項19】前記ソース番組セグメントが複数のパケットに配列され、前記制御装置手段が、前記複数の連続パケットに配列された前記ソース番組セグメントを、前記上下のトランスジューサから、それぞれ前記上面及び下面データ記憶領域へ交互に転送するように制御する手段を含む、請求項14記載の装置。
- 20【請求項20】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、 前記ディスク下面またはディスク上面のいずれか一方に配置される第1の螺旋データ・トラックと、 前記ディスク下面またはディスク上面のいずれか他方に配置される第2の螺旋データ・トラックと、 を含む、請求項14記載の装置。
- 21【請求項21】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、 データ・バンドと、 前記データ・バンド内に定義される内径螺旋位置及び外径螺旋位置と、 前記ディスク下面に配置される下面螺旋データ・トラックと、 前記ディスク上面に配置される上面螺旋データ・トラックと、 前記内径螺旋位置または外径螺旋位置のいずれか一方に達するまで、前記上トランスジューサを前記上面螺旋データ・トラックに沿って移動するように制御し、前記内径螺旋位置または外径螺旋位置のいずれか他方に達するまで、前記下トランスジューサを前記下面螺旋データ・トラックに沿って移動するように制御する、前記制御装置手段と、 を含む、請求項14記載の装置。
- 22【請求項22】前記制御装置手段が、前記内径螺旋位置と外径螺旋位置との間の単一走行の間に、少なくとも1つの前記ソース番組セグメントを前記の上下の一方のトランスジューサから、それぞれ前記上面または下面螺旋データ・トラックへ転送するように制御し、前記内径螺旋位置と外径螺旋位置との間の前記単一走行の間に、前記上面または下面螺旋データ・トラックの一方から、それぞれ前記の上下の一方のトランスジューサへ、少なくとも1つの以前に転送された前記ソース番組セグメントを転送するように制御する手段を含む、請求項21記載の装置。
- 23【請求項23】前記カスタム順序のソース番組セグメント列が、順次的及び非順次的に順序付けられた番組セグメントを含み、 前記制御装置手段が、前記非順次ソース番組セグメントを前記上下のトランスジューサから前記複数のデータ記憶領域へ転送するように制御し、前記非順次ソース番組セグメントを前記データ記憶領域から前記上下のトランスジューサに、順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして転送するように制御する手段を含む、 請求項14記載の装置。
- 24【請求項24】各々がマルチメディア番組の固有部分を表現するソース番組セグメントを、直接アクセス記憶装置に及びから転送する方法であって、 前記直接アクセス記憶装置内に配置される少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクの面上で定義される複数のデータ記憶領域を有する直接アクセス記憶装置を提供するステップと、 前記ソース番組セグメントを少なくとも2つの前記データ記憶領域へ書込むステップと、 前記ソース番組セグメントを前記少なくとも2つのデータ記憶領域から、順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして読出すステップと、 を含む、方法。
- 25【請求項25】前記ソース番組セグメントが、順次的及び非順次的に順序付けられた番組セグメントを含み、 前記書込みステップが、前記非順次ソース番組セグメントを前記少なくとも2つのデータ記憶領域へ書込むステップを含み、 前記読出しステップが、前記非順次ソース番組セグメントを前記少なくとも2つのデータ記憶領域から、順次的に順序付けられたローカル番組セグメントとして読出すステップを含む、 請求項24記載の方法。
- 26【請求項26】前記少なくとも2つのデータ記憶領域が、前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクの表面上に提供される螺旋データ・トラックに沿って定義される、請求項24記載の方法。
- 27【請求項27】前記ソース番組セグメントがパケットに配列され、 前記書込みステップが、連続パケットの前記ソース番組セグメントを前記少なくとも2つのデータ記憶領域に交互に書込むステップを含む、請求項24記載の方法。
- 28【請求項28】前記少なくとも1つのデータ記憶ディスクが、 データ・バンドと、 前記データ・バンド内に定義される内径螺旋位置及び外径螺旋位置と、 下面データ記憶領域を含むディスク下面と、 上面データ記憶領域を含むディスク上面と、 書込み及び読出しステップであって、 少なくとも1つの前記ソース番組セグメントを前記下面データ記憶領域に書込み、少なくとも1つの以前に書込まれた前記ソース番組セグメントを前記下面データ記憶領域から読出すステップと、 少なくとも別の1つの前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面データ記憶領域に書込み、少なくとも別の1つの以前に書込まれた前記ソース番組セグメントを前記上面データ記憶領域から読出すステップと、 を含む、前記書込み及び読出しステップと、 を含む、請求項24記載の方法。
Independent claims28
380 paragraphs in 1 section, as filed
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]
【0001】
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates generally to data storage systems, and in particular to direct access storage devices and formatting methods for storing multimedia information.
【0002】
[Conventional technology]
Advances in communication technology and improved consumer levels will provide multimedia program distributors with more convenient and accessible entertainment services than previously available through cable television and telephone systems. I'm looking for it. Improving communications facilities have led to the widespread use of pay-per-view media services in many large broadcast communications markets. Most pay-per-view systems allow consumers to choose from a relatively small number of movie choices for home viewing, with selected programs generally offered only at pre-scheduled viewing times. ..
【0003】
Numerous on-demand video services have been developed that allow consumers to order their desired programs over their home telephone lines for home viewing. For example, US Patent No. 5247347, which was transferred to Bell Atlantic Network Services, provides an advanced video-on-demand telephone service that provides consumer-ordered video programs to multiple households through the use of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Disclose. An extended discussion of the inherent drawbacks of communicating video and other multimedia signals over standard bandwidth-limited analog telephone lines is provided in No. 5247347.
【0004】
The video-on-demand system disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,247,347, and other conventional telephone-based multimedia services, do not adequately resolve the negative impact on home communications during extended program viewing. For example, a regular theatrical movie can occupy a home telephone line for two hours. In addition, these advanced telephone-based multimedia services generally include expensive communications and diagnostic equipment provided by pay-per-view providers to ensure reasonable levels of signal quality and system reliability. Need a purchase. However, these costs and other related operating costs are usually levied on the consumer.
【0005】
Importantly, traditional multimedia services do not provide the media expression control mechanism currently expected by advanced consumers who have enjoyed home entertainment for over a decade with video cassette recorders (VCRs). .. Features such as fast forward, flip, and pause are standard expression control features provided by all or most VCRs today and are typically operated by an infrared remote control handset. The limited transmission bandwidth of home telephone lines favors traditional multimedia communication systems adapted to provide on-demand services to many subscribers, similar to regular cable TV channels. When used for, it generally interferes with the convenience of full VCR type control functions.
【0006】
For example, FIG. 1 shows a generalized block diagram of a traditional pay-per-view communication service that distributes video programs to multiple households over a public switched telephone network (PSTN). Movies are typically stored on one or more media servers 10, each of which is multiplexed into PSTN16. The telephone ordering system 14 is generally connected to the PSTN 16 and provides a means of accepting pay-per-view orders from customers or users 20 by telephone. After checking the account status of the user 20, the media server 10 usually transmits the ordered movie or program to the decoder box 22 connected to the customer's telephone line 18. The transmitted program is continuously decoded by the decoder box 22 to provide a continuous representation of the selected program on the customer's television 24. The transmission bandwidth limitation of telephone line 18 and the exchange capability limitation of PSTN16 are intended to support media communication systems that have full VCR type control capabilities and provide high quality full motion video signal transmission. In general, it prevents the use of PSTN16. These restrictions affect traditional pay-per-view video communication services that use cable television lines as well.
【0007】
Other video communication systems, such as those disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,949,187, provide a local disk storage system for storing digitized multimedia programs received from a central archive library. After establishing a telephone connection with the central server 10 over the PSTN telephone network, the entire selected digitized movie is downloaded to the disk storage system incorporated in the termination unit disclosed in the same No. 4949187. This and other home communication systems that use a disk storage system to provide local storage for selected multimedia programs generally require a download of the entire multimedia program before watching the program on the subscriber's television. ..
【0008】
Depending on the bandwidth of the telephone line and the source transmission speed, the download procedure can delay the viewing of the selected movie for a considerable amount of time. Generally, an ultra-large capacity data storage system is required to locally store the entire feature film. Such local data storage systems should generally be configured to allocate a few gigabytes of memory for storing regular movies in compressed format, as well as hundreds of gigabytes of memory for storing regular uncompressed movies. ..
【0009】
The overly large memory requirements of these and other traditional local data storage systems used to store video programs according to traditional media communication methods are generally within reach of the average consumer. Produced no expensive commercial products. Also, such a system cannot receive the transmission of the program signal from the server 10 and immediately provide the immediate viewing of the selected multimedia program. In addition, VCR-type control functions may only be provided after downloading the entire multimedia program onto a disk storage system.
【0010】
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
In the telecommunications industry, a direct access storage device adapted to store multimedia information received from a media-on-demand communication server system, and one or more pieces of multimedia information placed within the direct access storage device. There is a need for efficient formatting methods on data storage disks. There is also a need to provide consumers with a direct access storage system adapted to provide local VCR type control for selected multimedia programs at the lowest cost. The present invention addresses these and other needs.
【0011】
[Means for solving problems]
The present invention relates to a multimedia direct access storage device and a method for transferring a source program signal representing a multimedia program to or from a direct access storage device. The multimedia program is transmitted from the multimedia server as individual digitally compressed program segment sequences in a custom order and received by the multimedia direct access storage. The direct access storage buffers the compressed program segment and then displays it on the local display monitor. The multimedia direct access storage device is preferably incorporated as a component of the local set-top control system to buffer a predetermined number of compressed program segments received from the multimedia server. Some of these program segments can be ordered non-sequentially and others can be ordered sequentially. A new formatting method provides a sequential representation of program segments asynchronously distributed on one or more data storage disks located within direct access storage. A new formatting method provides a user-definable representation control window that performs local VCR-type representation control functions for some multimedia programs buffered in direct access storage. The new formatting method also provides simultaneous representation and buffering of program segments received from the multimedia server for on-demand viewing of selected multimedia programs.
【0012】
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
As described above, the present invention provides local storage and VCR type control of representations of selected multimedia programs received from a multimedia server in a custom format, preferably on-demand, pay-per-view. , Regarding multimedia direct access storage devices. The present application describes an overall multimedia communication system and process that provides multimedia program distribution from a remote multimedia server to multiple local set-top control systems, preferably including a multimedia direct access storage device. This application describes various mechanisms and functions of the multimedia communication system, which is not the subject of the present invention but the subject of the invention in the pending application filed at the same time as the present application. Descriptions of these mechanisms and functions are included herein for completeness purposes and to fully understand the advantages and features of the multimedia set-top control systems disclosed herein.
【0013】
See FIG. 2 for a system block diagram of a multimedia communication system that employs a new multimedia server 30 that simultaneously transmits multimedia programs to multiple set-top control systems 62 over communication channel 44. .. In one aspect, the multimedia server 30 is on-demand, pay-per-view, to the subscriber's set-top control system 62, with the video program or other visual or audio representation as a customized compressed digital source program segment sequence. -Transmit in view format. Program segments can represent video, video, photography, audio, text, graphics, and other types of information. A direct access storage device (DASD) is preferably connected to the local set-top control system 62 to buffer some or all of the multimedia programs received from the multimedia server 30.
【0014】
A new DASD formatting method is used to buffer customized compressed digital source program segment columns that represent part of a multimedia program, thereby giving subscribers buffered multimedia on DASD. Provides control of the local VCR type of representation of the program part. Such controls include expression control functions such as fast forward, reverse, and pause. For example, multimedia programs are transmitted from a local set-top control system 62 to a subscriber's television 24, home stereo, or computer system using standard home transmission lines or infrared transceiver pairs. In one aspect, the multimedia server 30 customizes the order of the source program segments according to the format and configuration parameters associated with the subscriber's unique local set-top control system 62 configuration and control functions.
【0015】
The new formatting method significantly reduces the complexity and cost of operating and maintaining a central multimedia server system 30, adapted to distribute media-on-demand programs to multiple set-top control systems 62. To do. The set-top control system 62 may be located at home, at work such as a restaurant or bar, or at other private or public locations. VCR-type representation control functions include rewind, fast forward, pause and other representation modes, which are directly and locally coordinated by the set-top control system 62. By providing local control over the representation of the multimedia program, the central multimedia server 30 does not need to be configured to provide the VCR type control functions typically desired by the subscriber.
【0016】
As will be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the great difficulty in simultaneously servicing VCR-type expression control functions is the on-demand, real-time method of delivering user-selected programs to multiple customers at the central media distribution location. Communication to be transmitted at the same time is required. Providing subscribers with local control of multimedia representations directly through the set-top control system 62 significantly reduces the bandwidth of the communication channel 44 and the processing overhead of the multimedia server 30. Otherwise, significant bandwidth and processing overhead will be required to serve VCR-type representation control function requests from multiple pay-per-view customers.
【0017】
The user of the set-top control system 62 preferably communicates with the multimedia server 30 via an existing communication channel 44, such as a cable television connection. It will be appreciated that the use of the set-top control system 62 allows multiple subscribers to communicate with the multimedia server 30 at the same time. The set-top control system 62 may be installed near or away from the television 24 or entertainment center in the subscriber's home or workplace. The communication interface preferably connects the set-top control system 62 to a cable line or other communication line that interfaces with the communication channel 44. The communication interface preferably includes a transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving multimedia information, control signals, and other electrical signals transmitted over the communication channel 44. Alternatively, the communication interface may include separate receivers and transmitters that allow communication over communication channel 44.
【0018】
The multimedia information transmitted from the multimedia server 30 to the plurality of set-top control systems 62 is preferably transmitted in a digitally compressed format. A suitable compression algorithm standard used by the new media-on-demand communication system is developed by MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) and is generally referred to as an MPEG coding standard. For example, the MPEG-1 standard (ISO / IEC 11172-1) has a data transfer rate of about 1.2 megabits / second to 1.5 megabits / second (Mbps), a resolution of about 352 pixels in the horizontal direction and about 288 lines in the vertical direction, and about 24 pictures. Defines a compressed digital video format that supports picture speeds from / sec to 30 pictures / sec and multiple VCR display features such as normal forward, play, slow forward, fast forward, fast rewind, and freeze. MPEG-1 coding typically provides compression ratios on the order of 100: 1 to 150: 1.
【0019】
A newly developed MPEG standard called MPEG-2 (ISO / IEC 11172-2) is expected to support data transfer speeds on the order of approximately 2 Mbps to 15 Mbps over cables, satellites, and other broadcast channels. To. In addition to the video and audio signal streams, MPEG-2 specifies the relevant data signal streams that make up the multiplexed program bitstream, along with the video and audio signal streams. MPEG-2 also has many other features such as both non-interlaced and interlaced video signal formats, superior image quality to MPEG-1, multiple picture aspect ratios, and high definition television (HDTV) support mechanisms. Supports advanced mechanisms of. The MPEG-1 audio compression standard (ISO / IEC11172-3) and the MPEG-2 audio compression standard under development describe audio compression specifications suitable for encoding audio programs processed by the multimedia server 30. .. Coding standards other than those conforming to the above-mentioned MPEG standards also, without departing from the scope and purpose of the present invention, between the multimedia server 30 and the plurality of customer set-top control systems 62, video, audio And it will be appreciated that it can be used to facilitate the communication of other multimedia program signals. For example, the program signal transmitted on the communication channel 44 may be in a format other than the compressed digital format.
【0020】
For convenience of description, the advantages and features of the disclosed media-on-demand communication methods and devices are generally described in the context of full motion video. Full motion video is useful for this purpose. This is because video is generally a composite medium containing both video and audio elements, and may also contain other information elements such as subtitles or hearing loss information. Also, full-motion video coding according to the MPEG specification produces a multiplexed program signal stream suitable for demonstrating the advantages of new media-on-demand communication methods and devices. Therefore, the video media references described below are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent restrictions on the type and nature of multimedia programs and information stored and processed on the multimedia server 30. ..
【0021】
Multimedia server: See in Figures 3 and 4, various multimedia programs are stored and processed, and selected multimedia programs can be sent to multiple end users at the same time, preferably on-demand, pay-per-view method. Aspects of the new multimedia server 30 to be distributed in. Multimedia programs are stored in a large storage library 40, preferably containing one or more storage devices, which store individually or cumulatively, typically a large amount of information on the order of terabytes. Includes possible non-volatile memory devices. The multimedia server 30 includes a storage and distribution device installed at a central media distribution location, or includes a large number of storage and distribution resources provided at multiple locations, such as remotely located resources. It is transmitted over a wide area network (WAN).
【0022】
The multimedia information is stored on one or more digital storage devices 35, preferably in compressed digital format. Suitable digital storage devices 35 include, for example, digital direct access storage devices (DASD) and digital audio tape (DAT) systems. In one aspect, multiple digital DASDs have known RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive). It can be configured as an array of DASDs that operate according to the Disks) protocol. An analog version of a multimedia program may be stored on one or more analog storage devices 39, such as analog video tape systems and analog audio systems. The mass storage library 40 may further include an optical data storage system or a CD-ROM system. It will be appreciated that the mass storage library 40 is not limited to the devices shown in FIG. 4 and may consist of various storage and processing devices covering a wide range of technical areas. For example, in one embodiment, the mass storage library 40 includes one or more Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) storage devices 37 for storing multimedia information in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional storage array configuration. .. According to one embodiment, one or more DRAM storage devices 37 are used to provide mass storage of a plurality of popular or frequently requested multimedia programs. According to the new media server format architectures and methods disclosed below, the DRAM storage device 37 provides high-speed access to popular multimedia programs, as well as high-speed access to popular multimedia programs to multiple end users. It favorably provides distribution in asynchronous transfer mode.
【0023】
In addition to pre-recorded or pre-generated multimedia programs, the mass storage library 40 preferably communicates with a large number of external communication channels and is available through local, national, and international broadcast networks. Receives a real-time broadcast signal that expresses. Therefore, subscribers may request from multiple pre-generated and real-time multimedia program selections.
【0024】
In a preferred embodiment, the multimedia program stored in the mass storage library 40 is first converted from analog format to digital format and then compressed or encoded according to an established coding algorithm. The compressed digital program segment is preferably configured in the form of a multiplexed program bitstream. A normal multiplexed bitstream includes a video signal stream portion and an audio signal stream portion, and may further include other information signal stream portions. The multimedia program ordered by the subscriber is preferably, for example, an existing television channel, cable or optical television channel, digital or optical, as a customized multiplexed program bitstream representing the selected multimedia program. It is preferably transmitted to the customer location via a fiber optic telephone line or satellite communication channel 44. The individual source program segments that make up the subscriber-selected multimedia program bitstream are preferably transmitted asynchronously as segment packets to the plurality of target set-top control systems 62 over the communication channel 44.
【0025】
As shown in FIGS. 3-5, the analog video signal typically includes a video signal portion and an audio signal portion, preferably converted to digital form and compressed according to a coding algorithm established by the coder 32. The compressed digitized program bitstream is then segmented or divided into multiple individual video source program segments 48 by the index parser 33. Each individually compressed digital video segment 48 preferably represents a predetermined amount of uncompressed full motion video. In one aspect, a 1 second uncompressed full motion video is represented by each compressed video segment 48. In another aspect, a 2 second uncompressed full motion video is represented by each compressed video segment 48. It will be appreciated that each source video segment 48 can also represent a full motion video portion larger or smaller than 1 second. Alternatively, the variable period of uncompressed full motion video can be represented by each compressed video segment 48.
【0026】
With reference to FIG. 4 in detail, each mass storage device 35, 37 and 39 is connected to the corresponding indicator parser 33. Each indicator parser 33 is preferably connected to a corresponding coder 32. The coder 32 shown in FIG. 4 is shown outside the mass storage library 40. Alternatively, the coder 32 may be incorporated as an internal component within the mass storage library 40. In a preferred embodiment, the multimedia program available in the mass storage library 40 is processed only once by the coder 32 and the indicator parser 33 and then stored on the mass storage device 35. Individual multimedia programs may be stored on a single mass storage device or may be stored across multiple mass storage devices. When processed by the indicator parser 33, each compressed digital video segment 48 is preferably encoded with a particular segment address. For example, the first video segment 48 is encoded or tagged with the address identifier "A1" and the second individual video segment 48 is encoded with the address identifier "A2". Each individual source video segment 48 may be located within the storage device, preferably by reference to its unique address. An address table can be used to provide a mapping to a physical storage location associated with a particular virtual or indirect video segment address. By indexing each video segment 48 by a unique address and storing the video segment on a mass storage device such as digital storage 35, a reference to the address of a particular video segment 48 can be made to the video segment 48. Is provided as a means of organizing the video segment 48 into a custom format and efficiently transmitting the video segment 48 to the target set-top control system 62.
【0027】
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, each mass storage device provided in the mass storage library 40 is preferably connected to one or more staging storage devices 41. An important advantage of the new multimedia server 30 concerns the ability to customize and organize the source video segment 48 into reception by a particular customer's set-top control system 62. The plurality of staging devices 41 allow each storage device, such as the digital storage device 35, to simultaneously serve multiple customer requests and organize the requested multimedia program in a custom format. The staging device 41 may include a DRAM storage device, a DASD array configured to operate as a RAID system, or other digital storage system.
【0028】
As mentioned above, one or more analog storage devices 39 may be used to store analog multimedia information. The analog multimedia program, when requested by the subscriber, is preferably transferred to the coder 32, encoded by the coder 32, indexed as described above in relation to the indicator parser 33, and preferably staging. It is transmitted to the storage device 41. Each storage device 35, 37 and 39 may include a corresponding video parser 38 connected between the storage device and the staging storage device 41. Individual parsing A single video parser 38 or a single indicator parser 33 may be used instead of device). In addition, the staging device 41 may be accessible to all mass storage devices, and the workload is the various components that make up the mass storage library 40 so as to optimize the overhead of the multimedia server 30. It may be distributed among them. In addition, analog and digital multimedia programs received via local, national, and international broadcast channels 45 may be directed to the coder 32, respectively, or to process real-time multimedia information. In addition, it may be directed to the indicator parser 33 directly.
【0029】
Referring to FIG. 5, a subsequence 46 of the sequential 1-second compressed video segment 48 provided to the output of the coder 32 is shown. A sequence or column of sequential video segments 48 represents the corresponding continuously ordered full-motion video portion of a multimedia program. Conversely, a sequence or column of non-sequential video segments 48 represents a corresponding non-sequential or discontinuously ordered full-motion video portion of a multimedia program. It will be appreciated that only all or part of the video segments 48 representing a multimedia program can be organized as non-sequential video segment 48 columns. In addition, it may be desirable to organize a predetermined number of video segments 48 as non-sequential video segment 48 column portions that follow or precede the sequential video segment 48 column portion of the multiplexed signal bitstream. In other applications, it may be desirable to generate a multiplexed signal bitstream containing only sequentially ordered compressed video segments 48.
【0030】
In a configuration using, for example, an MPEG-1 coder 32, a video compression ratio of about 100: 1 can usually be achieved. On average, a minute of full motion video is digitally compressed to about 10 megabytes, which is about 5.6 per video frame at an NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) compliant display speed of 30 frames per second. It corresponds to kilobytes and a full motion video program time of approximately 0.167 megabytes / second. Individual 1-second compressed movie segments 48 typically vary in size or number of bytes. On average, an MPEG-1 coded video program requires approximately 0.167 megabytes of memory to store each 1-second compressed movie segment 48. For example, 0.334 megabytes of memory is generally required to store a 2-second compressed movie movie segment 48.
【0031】
In one aspect, the coder 32 produces a type of compressed digital video bitstream that complies with one or more MPEG coding standards. A typical video bitstream contains a sequence of individual video information packs, each pack containing a layer header, a system header, a sequence of information-carrying packets, and an end code that separates the end of each individual pack. The pack layer header generally contains a pack start code or synchronization code used for synchronization, and a system clock value. The system header generally contains a variety of information, such as system stream identification information to distinguish the video pack data from other data embedded in the multiplexed signal stream. Each information-carrying packet defined within a pack typically contains either coded audio or coded video signal stream data. Information-carrying packets typically include a video packet header, while packets containing audio information usually include an audio packet header. Generally, the video signal data corresponding to a plurality of video frames is included in each video packet, and the corresponding audio signal data is included in the associated audio packet.
【0032】
In one aspect, the coder 32 digitally delivers the video and audio information corresponding to the full motion video for a predefined period, such as 1 second motion video, into each video pack and the corresponding audio pack. Compress. For example, a second portion of a full motion video conforming to the NTSC video format contains 30 frames of motion video. In this example, let's assume that each pack contains 6 video packets. Therefore, a 1-second motion video is represented by 5 packs, each pack containing 6 video packets. The MPEG coding standard, like other coding standards, offers considerable flexibility when packetizing multimedia information into a compressed digital format.
【0033】
Therefore, the coder 32 preferably works with the indicator parser 33 to generate a multiplexed signal bitstream containing a plurality of compressed video segments 48 at the output of the indicator parser 33, where each segment 48 is full motion. Represents a video predefined period. In addition, the coder 32 and the indicator parser 33 work together to generate a unique indicator address for each individual video segment 48. Unique address information can be included in the pack layer header or system header portion of each pack or segment. As mentioned above, the indexed sequence of compressed video segments 48 is then stored in a suitable mass storage device, preferably such as digital storage device 35 or DRAM storage device 37 shown in FIG. Since each individual video segment 48 contains a unique index address, the video parser 38 custom-orders the stored compressed video segment 48 sequential columns by referencing the unique address of a particular video segment 48. Can be efficiently reorganized into columns of video segment 48.
【0034】
The sequential column 46 of the compressed digital video segment 48 provided to the output of the coder 32 is preferably transmitted to the input of the indicator parser 33, as shown in FIG. The control device 34 connected to the coder 32 and the video parser 38 is preferably a compressed video segment 48 from the coder 32 and the indicator parser 33 to the mass storage device 35 provided in the mass storage library 40. Adjust the transfer of. The video parser 38 is preferably used to perform various reordering operations on the sequential column 46 of the compressed video segment 48 associated with the selected multimedia program stored in the mass storage 35. Will be done. The video parser 38 positions the particular individual video segment 48 of the sequential video segment column 46 to generate column 54 of the custom ordered video segment 48. For example, the custom-ordered video segment sequence 54 shown in Figure 6 shows the first 30 compressed video segments 48 of a customized video signal stream 54 representing the first 30 seconds of a two-hour movie, a video parser. Generated in 38 outputs and temporarily stored on the staging storage 41. As described in detail below, the method by which the video parser 38 decomposes the video segment 48 to produce the customized video signal stream 54 is preferably dependent on a number of factors. These factors include the storage capacity and functionality of the subscriber's local set-top control system 62, which is adapted to receive and process the customized video signal stream 54, as well as the subscriber controlling the required multimedia program representation. The mode to be desired is included.
【0035】
The controller 34 preferably controls the transfer of the customized video segment sequence 54 from the video parser 38 to the staging storage 41 for temporary storage prior to transmission to the distribution switch 42. Distribution switch 42 is connected to communication channel 44 and is preferably an ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) distribution switch that controls packets or packs (in MPEG terminology) of video segment 48 by one or more customers. Operate to system 62 for simultaneous distribution asynchronously over communication channel 44. Synchronize segment packet transmissions between video parser 38 and distribution switch 42 to synchronize the transmission of video segment 48, including the multiplexed signal stream, and between distribution switch 42 and communication channel 44. It will be appreciated that one or more buffer memory devices (not shown) can be used for this purpose.
【0036】
In addition, a customized video segment sequence 54 representing a multimedia program is instead stored on mass storage 35, defining one or more processed standard customized video signal streams 54. Efficient transmission may be facilitated to the customer's set-top control system 62 having storage capacity and control function capability. The use of these processed customized video signal streams taken from mass storage 35 is repeated performed by the video parser 38 to tune the unique configuration and representation control functions of a particular set-top control system. Eliminates disassembly operations. In general, the multimedia program coding process requires more processing resources and correspondingly higher processing costs compared to the decoding operation. Pre-processing or encoding multimedia programs to comply with these standardized set-top control systems 62 shifts processing overhead unevenly to multimedia servers 30, as well as incidental processing costs that can be shared by subscribers. Will be done. Prior to transmitting the video program to the subscriber's set-top control system 62, the subscriber's account status is checked by the billing system 36, which is preferably connected to the controller 34 of the multimedia server 30. After proper account verification, the subscriber is entitled to receive multimedia programs from the multimedia server 30, preferably in a pay-per-view fashion.
【0037】
With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the matrix of individually compressed video segments 48 is shown in the form of an array of matrices. In one aspect, the entire video program, such as a feature film or theater performance, is processed by the coder 32 and the indicator parser 33 into a sequential column 46 of the compressed video segment 48, which is processed by the video parser 38 into FIGS. 7 and 8. It is sequentially organized into a matrix of matrices as shown. Various known matrix manipulation techniques may be used by the video parser 38 when reordering the video segments 48 that represent all or part of a multimedia program. Techniques other than using matrix manipulation may also be used. According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the video parser 38 first organizes the sequential columns of the individually compressed video segments 48 into a matrix with 60 rows and N columns. Here, N is a round-up time (unit: minutes) corresponding to the total playback time of a specific video program.
【0038】
For convenience of explanation, the matrix shown in FIG. 7 is shown to include all individually compressed video segments 48 of a 2-hour segmented movie, where each video segment 48 is one of uncompressed full motion videos. Represents the second part. Such a two-hour movie segmented into a one-second full-motion video portion is therefore represented by 7200 individually compressed video segments 48. The 7200 compressed movie segment 48 is preferably organized by the video parser 38 as a 60-row and 120-column matrix. A value of N in a two-hour movie equals 120 minutes, which occupies 120 columns of the matrix shown in Figure 7. As shown by the matrix configuration of FIG. 7, in one embodiment in which the multimedia program is transmitted exclusively as a sequential sequence of video segments 48 without any non-sequential column portions, the video parser 38 is preferred. Compressed video segments 48 sequentially arranged in a 60 × 120 matrix are transmitted column by column to distribution switch 42. The video segments A1 to A7200 representing the two-hour movie are then sequentially transmitted over the communication channel 44 to the subscriber's set-top control system 62. The subscriber set-top control system 62 preferably includes a moderate amount of local storage, typically on the order of 5 to 10 megabytes, and receives a compressed sequential video signal stream 46 transmitted from the multimedia server 30. .. Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) or DASD may be used to buffer the received compressed sequential video signal stream 46 of 5 to 10 megabytes.
【0039】
According to this aspect, the multimedia server 30 preferably communicates with a plurality of set-top control systems 62 simultaneously via the communication channel 44. A normal coaxial cable communication channel 44 transmits an information signal at a data transfer rate on the order of about 100 megabytes / second. Assuming that each of the plurality of set-top control systems 62 contains approximately 10 megabytes of internal memory, the distribution switch 42 of the multimedia server 30 preferably provides approximately 10 megabytes of multimedia program information per minute, for example 600. Transmit asynchronously to the subscriber position. The set-top control system 62, which consists of the smallest amount of local memory, can receive and process the sequential compressed video signal stream 46 transmitted by the multimedia server 30, but represents the video program to the subscriber. Will lack the local memory needed to provide control of the VCR type of.
【0040】
According to the other two aspects shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the video parser 38 preferably combines the sequential stream 46 of the compressed video segment 48 received from the mass storage 35 with the compressed video segment. Arrange in 48 customized sequences. FIG. 8 shows a customized matrix of 7200 compressed video segments 48 representing 7200 individual 1-second full-motion video portions of a 2-hour video program. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the video parser 38 organizes the compressed video segment 48 of the 7200 into two submatrix 50 and 52 with odd and even address indicators. Each of the two submatrixes 50 and 52 is preferably arranged as a submatrix containing 10 rows and 360 columns (10 x 360). Thus, each submatrix 50 and 52 includes 3600 individual video segments 48 out of a total of 7200 segments 48 that make up the 2-hour video program. The odd submatrix 50 and even submatrix 52 are then concatenated along the first dimension (row) to form a single customized matrix 51 of 20 rows x 360 columns (20 x 360). In response to the transmission control signal generated by the control device 34, the video parser 38 preferably transmits the compressed video segments 48 arranged in the customize matrix 51 to the staging storage device 41 and the staging device 41. Transmits the customized non-sequential video segment 48 to the distribution switch 42 column by column for subsequent transmission over the communication channel 44.
【0041】
For example, the video parser 38 preferably maps the video segment 48 of the customization matrix 51 shown in FIG. 8 to A1, A3, A5, A7, A9 ... A19; A2, A4, A6, A8 .. .A20; A21, A23, A25 ... A39; A22, A24, A26, A28 ... A40; A41, A43 ... A7200 are transmitted to the distribution switch 42 in the order of customization sequence. Each submatrix 50 and 52 that defines the customize matrix 51 is hereafter referred to as blocks 50 and 52, respectively. Preferably, each block 50 and 52 exclusively comprises a video segment 48 having either an even or odd address index. This suitable block organization is not always required to realize the advantages of the new multimedia server 30. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the video segment 48 processed by the video parser 38 is divided into one odd block (block A) 50 and one even block (block B) 52, for a total of two. These blocks are generated. The total number of blocks that make up video segment 48 is referenced here in relation to the block indexing factor (BI) associated with the customized video segment matrix 51. The customization matrix 51 of FIG. 8 represents a customization matrix 51 that includes two blocks of odd and even indices and has a block indexing factor of modulo 2 itself. It will be appreciated that the compressed video segment 48 can be organized into multiple odd and even blocks that define a customization matrix 51 with a modulo 2 or greater block indexing factor. Also, each block of the plurality of blocks may include a combination of odd and even video segment address indicators.
【0042】
As detailed below, the length (L) of each segment block measured in terms of video segment 48 is an important format parameter. The segment block length (2) is the size of the input buffer typically provided within the subscriber's set-top control system 62 to buffer the packets of video segment 48 received from the multimedia server 30. Is a function of. For example, the organization of blocks 50 and 52 formatted as shown in FIG. 8 generally corresponds to the maximum block length of 10 video segments 48 and the maximum packet size of 10 video segments 48. Therefore, the input buffer of the customer's set-top control system 62 is typically configured to store at least 10 video segments 48. In another example, as shown in FIG. 9, the organization of blocks 53, 55, 57 and 59 is generally the maximum block length of 5 video segments 48 and the maximum of 5 video segments 48. Corresponds to the packet size. Therefore, the input buffer of the customer's set-top control system 62 is typically configured to store at least five video segments 48. The average size of the individual video segments 48 must be taken into account when determining the validity of the storage capacity of the input buffer 66. For example, each video segment 48 shown in FIG. 8 represents a one second portion of a full motion video, and each video segment 48 shown in FIG. 9 represents 2 of the full motion video for convenience of explanation. Represents the second part.
【0043】
In general, the input buffer 66 (FIG. 11) should be configured to store at least twice the number of video segments contained in the maximum video segment packet transmitted by the multimedia server 30. When the storage capacity of the additional input buffer 66 extends the synchronization of the video segment 48 processed through the input buffer 66 and distributes the video segment packets asynchronously to multiple customer set-top control systems 62. Provides additional flexibility for the multimedia server 30. For example, it is efficient for the multimedia server 30 to transmit two packets to a particular set-top control system 62 during a single transmission window to reduce the processing overhead of the server 30 during peak usage periods. Let's go.
【0044】
Referring to FIG. 9, a customized matrix with a modulo 4 block indexing factor and containing four blocks 53, 55, 57 and 59 is shown, with each block alternating compression 2 with odd and even address indices. Includes second video segment 48. In the aspect of FIG. 9, the 2-hour video program segmented by the coder and indicator parser 33 is organized by the video parser 38 into four blocks, namely block A53, block B55, block C57 and block D59. In response to the transmission control signal generated by controller 34, compressed video segments 48 arranged in four blocks 53, 55, 57 and 59 are read column by column from the video parser 38 and stored in staging. It is transferred to the device 41 and subsequently transmitted by the distribution switch 42 via the communication channel 44. According to one formatting mechanism, the video parser 38 preferably combines the video segment 48 of the customize matrix 51 with A1, A5, A9, A13, A17; A2, A6, A10, A14, A18; A3, A7, A11, A15, A19; A4, A8, A12, A16, A20; ... It is transmitted to the staging storage device 41 in the order of A3600 by a customized sequence. It will be appreciated that the ordering of the video segments 48 that make up the customized video signal stream 54 becomes more asynchronous or non-sequential as the block indexing factor of the customized matrix 51 increases. As described in detail below, the organization of the video segments 48 constituting the customized video signal stream 54 is preferably managed by the general asynchronous format equations and guidelines developed by the present inventor. These format equations and guidelines are preferably used by the multimedia server 30 and vary in performance of each unique set-top control system 62 adapted to receive multimedia program transmissions from the multimedia server 30. And optimally organize segmented multimedia programs according to their functional characteristics.
【0045】
In general, the customized video signal stream 54 preferably includes 48 parts of an initial asynchronous or non-sequential video segment, followed by 48 parts of a synchronous or sequential video segment. More specifically, the introductory portion of the selected multimedia program signal stream comprises a plurality of non-sequential video segments 48, and the rest preferably comprises a plurality of sequential video segments 48. In a preferred embodiment, the period of the introduction non-sequential portion of the multimedia program signal stream corresponds to the period of the multimedia program buffered on the subscriber's set-top control system 62, preferably the customer is complete. Corresponds to the multimedia program portion having local VCR type expression control. Further, as detailed below, the asynchronous portion of the multimedia program is simultaneously buffered on the customer's set-top control system 62 while being processed for immediate display on the connected television 24 or monitor. It provides subscribers with a true on-demand display of selected multimedia programming. It will be appreciated that a customized video signal stream may exclusively contain only asynchronously ordered video segments 48, or a combination of synchronous and asynchronous video segment 48 parts, or only synchronously ordered video segments 48.
【0046】
According to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a set-top control system 62 adapted to receive a customized video signal stream 54 transmission from the multimedia server 30 is generally all of the video signal stream 54. Or a means of reorganizing the asynchronous video stream portion into a sequential video signal stream 46 to display the multimedia program correctly according to its original temporal configuration, with sufficient memory to buffer at least part of it. And must be included. The collaborative operation of the multimedia server 30 and the set-top control system 62 provides a media-on-demand communication system that can serve multiple subscribers at the same time, with each customer partly or in need of a multimedia program. Depending on, it has full local VCR type control over the representation of the entire multimedia program. New decomposition or formatting of segmented multimedia programs by the video parser 38, and simultaneous asynchronous transmission of one or more multimedia programs by the distribution switch 42, on communication channel 44 compared to traditional video communication systems. It provides a dramatic reduction in bandwidth as well as the processing overhead of the multimedia server 30. Of the video segment 48 on communication channel 44, which would generally have been required to provide local VCR type control for multimedia representations by transmitting each compressed video segment 48 only once. All repetitive transmissions are avoided.
【0047】
The distribution switch 42 preferably transmits a plurality of selected multimedia programs to the plurality of set-top control systems 62 at the same time. To achieve high-speed, high-capacity multimedia program transmission, the distribution switch 42 preferably uses an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching method. In general, ATM is a cell-based exchange and multiplexing method designed as a general purpose connection-oriented transfer mode for a wide range of communication services. ATMs are widely used to enable communication over local area networks (LANs) and dedicated networks.
【0048】
ATM handles both connection-oriented and unconnected traffic through the use of adaptation layers. ATM virtual connections can operate at either constant bit rate (CBR) or variable bit rate (VBR). Each ATM cell transmitted over communication channel 44 contains addressing information that establishes a virtual connection from the source to the destination. On this virtual connection, all cells are then transferred in sequence. ATM provides bandwidth on demand and also supports LAN-like access to available bandwidth. ATM is asynchronous. This is because the cells transmitted do not have to be periodic in order for the time slots of the data to follow known synchronous transfer mode (STM) methods.
【0049】
The main ATM information unit is the cell. The ATM standard defines a fixed-size cell with a length of 53 octets, consisting of a header portion of 5 octets (or bytes) and a payload portion of 48 octets. The bits in the cell are transmitted as a continuous stream on the transmission line 44. Cells map to physical transmission lines such as DS1 (North American Digital Signal Level 1), DS3 or SONET, ITU-T (International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunications standardization sector) STM standards, and various other local fiber and telecommunications systems. Will be done.
【0050】
All information is exchanged and multiplexed in ATM distribution networks, typically by using these fixed length cells. The cell header identifies the destination, cell type, and priority, such as the subscriber's set-top control system 62. The cell header fields include a virtual route identifier (VPI) and a virtual circuit identifier (VCI) that identify the destination. The generic flow control (GFC) field allows a multiplexer, such as the distribution switch 42, to control the rate of cell transmission. Payload type (PT) indicates whether the cell contains user data, signal data or maintenance information. The Cell Loss Priority (CLP) bit indicates the relative priority of the cell. High-priority cells are given better processing status than low-priority cells during busy time intervals.
【0051】
Each cell typically contains a Header Error Check (HEC) that detects and corrects errors in the header. Payload fields are generally passed straight through the network without error checking or correction. ATM relies on higher layer protocols to perform error checking and correction of the payload portion. The fixed cell size simplifies the realization of ATM switches and multiplexers while providing ultra-fastness. When using ATM, long packets cannot delay short packets as in other exchanges. This is because long packets are segmented into many cells. This allows ATMs to carry constant bit rate (CBR) traffic along with variable bit rate (VBR) data traffic.
【0052】
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, an ATM communication network suitable for simultaneously transmitting a plurality of multimedia programs from a multimedia server 30 to a plurality of set-top control systems 62 is preferably an OSI (Open Systems) system. Interconnection) conforms to the model. The OSI model defines seven layers, including the application layer, presentation layer, session layer, transport layer, network layer, link layer, and physical layer, which describe the operation of the OSI communication network. The OSI model was developed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and is described in "The Basics Book of OSI and Network Management" by Motorola Codex (1993 Assison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., first edition in September 1992). .. In one embodiment, the distribution architecture and method of distributing multimedia information to a plurality of remote set-top control systems 62 from the multimedia server 30 preferably conforms to one or more OSI communication models.
【0053】
According to one embodiment, the distribution switch 42 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 preferably transmits each packet of the individual video segment 48 to the target set-top control system 62 within a predetermined transmission window. .. The window duration is then preferably determined by the configuration and functional attributes of the set-top control system 62 for a particular customer. For example, the 48 columns of customized non-sequential video segments shown in FIG. 6 represent a video segment column portion that exhibits a relatively modest degree of asynchronous organization. In this example, each video segment packet transmitted over communication channel 44 by distribution switch 42 preferably contains two video segments 48, one with an odd address index such as A1 and the other. Has an even address index such as A2. Therefore, the input buffer provided within the customer's set-top control system 62 is configured to store at least two video segments 48. Assuming that each of the two video segments 48 buffered in the input buffer contains a one-second portion of the motion video, the input buffer will be emptied after two seconds, and this time will be two one-second videos. Corresponds to the time required to display segment 48.
【0054】
To provide an uninterrupted representation of the multimedia program, the next packet containing another two 1-second video segments 48 is transmitted by the distribution switch 42 and within the 2-second transmission window by the set-top control system 62. Must be received by. Therefore, after the second video segment 48 of a particular video packet has been read from the input buffer, the first and second video segments of the video packet that are subsequently received are preferably the input buffer. Read into. The input buffer is preferably configured to store more than the minimum required capacity to provide increased flexibility in multimedia server 30 transmission as well as improved input buffer processing synchronization. In this example, the input buffer is preferably configured to store three or four video segments 48 rather than the minimum two video segments 48 required. Alternatively, an overflow buffer or transfer buffer may be used in conjunction with the input buffer to facilitate efficient synchronization.
【0055】
In yet another example, 48 columns of customized non-sequential video segments read from the customization matrix 51 shown in FIG. 9 represent video segment column portions that exhibit a relatively modest degree of asynchronous organization. In this example, each video segment packet transmitted over the communication channel 44 by the distribution switch 42 preferably comprises at least five video segments 48, as further shown in FIG. Since the first four packets have been transmitted, each packet in this example contains only four video segments 48. The input buffer provided within the customer's set-top control system 62 is configured to store at least five video segments 48. Assuming that each of the five video segments 48 buffered in the input buffer represents a two-second portion of the motion video, the input buffer is empty after 10 seconds, which is equivalent to the viewing time of the first four packet transmissions. After that, it becomes empty after 8 seconds, which is equivalent to the viewing time of the video segment packet transmitted subsequently.
【0056】
In order to provide an uninterrupted representation of the multimedia program in this example, packets 2-5 need to be transmitted by the distribution switch 42 and received by the set-top control system 62 within the 10 second transmission window. The transmission of packets after packet 5 must be transmitted by the distribution switch 42 and received by the set-top control system 62 within the 8-second transmission window. For simplicity, it would be desirable for the number of video segments 48 contained in each packet to be an integral multiple of the 1 second video segment 48. Information packets that are not related to immediate multimedia program selection can also be transmitted from the multimedia server 30 to the customer's set-top control system 62. Packets containing irrelevant information, such as a message indicating the reception of a video conference call or the reception of certain other irrelevant data, can be interleaved with the video segment packet and transmitted within the appropriate transmission window. In addition, irrelevant information can also be interleaved between the individual video segments 48 contained within the video segment packet.
【0057】
Traditional coaxial transmission cables can generally support burst transmission rates on the order of 100 MB per second. Fiber optic transmission lines, on the other hand, can be used to support burst transmission rates on the order of gigabytes per second. Therefore, the transmission window period on the order of a few seconds can be easily adjusted using existing coaxial and fiber optic communication networks. To those skilled in the art, various known asynchronous transmission mode distribution techniques distribute video segment packets asynchronously between continuous transmission windows or transmission time slots over relatively fast burst speed communication channels. It will be easy to see that it is suitable for.
【0058】
The service cost of receiving an on-demand multimedia program in a pay-per-view manner preferably depends on the format of the source program signal stream transmitted from the multimedia server 30. In general, the service cost of a subscriber decreases as the size of the video segment packet transmitted by the multimedia server 30 increases. For example, a video segment packet containing two 1-second video segments 48 must be transmitted within a relatively short transmission window of about 2 seconds. Therefore, the multimedia server 30 must frequently transmit video packets. In contrast, for example, a source multimedia program in which four or five video segments 48 are formatted to be included in each video segment packet requires significantly less packet transmission, with each transmission about each. Achieved within a very long transmission window of 8 and 10 seconds. Generally, as the size of the input buffer increases, the cost of the set-top control system 62 increases, but the amortization cost of receiving on-demand multimedia programs is reduced by the ability to buffer large video segment packets.
【0059】
Intelligent set-top control system: Refer to Figure 11, the system of the new high-performance set-top control system 62, preferably adapted to communicate with the remote multimedia server 30 of the type described above. A block diagram is shown. According to one aspect, a relatively low cost set-top control system 62 configuration preferably contains a modest amount of local memory on the order of 5 to 10 megabytes, from the multimedia server 30 to the communication channel 44. Receives a coded video signal stream 46 containing sequential individual video segments 48 transmitted via. The set-top control system 62 preferably receives a coded video signal stream 46 for representation on a set-top controller 64, an output buffer 72, and a local monitor or television 76 that communicates with the input buffer 66. Includes a decoder 74 that coordinates the decoding of. As mentioned above, the relatively small storage capacity of the input buffer 66 of the low-cost set-top control system 62 generally requires the multimedia server 30 to carry out relatively frequent packets, thereby resulting in a large storage capacity. Higher service costs compared to set-top control systems that use input buffer 66.
【0060】
In a preferred embodiment, the set-top control system 62 includes a new multimedia direct access storage device (DASD) 68, which follows the new formatting method disclosed below and is of multimedia programming received from communication channel 44. Adapted to buffer compressed video segments 48 that represent part or all. An important feature provided to subscribers when using the set-top control system 62 in this manner concerns the ability to achieve full VCR-type control over some representations of selected multimedia programming on a real-time basis. .. Full VCR-type control over the representation of the entire multimedia program is also feasible if sufficient DASD68 storage capacity is allocated for this purpose.
【0061】
The available storage capacity of the DASD68 generally affects the degree to which a subscriber can achieve VCR-type control over the representation of selected multimedia programs. As shown in FIG. 12, the subscriber preferably controls the representation of a portion of the multimedia program defined within the virtual representation control window 90. The functionality of the virtual representation control window 90 is facilitated by the new asynchronous formatting method and storage architecture associated with the multimedia DASD68. For example, the expression control window 90 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is shown to include a 30 minute portion of a 2 hour (120 minute) movie. The movie portion represented in the expression control window 90 is locally manipulated by the subscriber. For example, the subscriber can advance or backward the movie portion defined in the expression control window 90 in time, and can also pause the movie expression.
【0062】
The expression control window 90 preferably progresses in time while the movie is being served. In this respect, the virtual representation control window 90 can be regarded as a buffer that can move in time. The expression control window 90 preferably includes a forward window portion 93 and a reverse window portion 91, each of which is defined on both sides of the current display time reference 95. For example, in the current display time after 60 minutes in a 2-hour movie, the forward window portion 93 of the 30-minute expression control window 90 is 15 minutes following the current display time reference 95 (that is, 60 minutes to 75 minutes after the start). The reverse window portion 91 provides control for 15 minutes (ie, 45 to 60 minutes after the start) preceding the current display time reference 95.
【0063】
The 30-minute expression control window 90 is moved in the forward or reverse direction in time by the forward and reverse movements of the current display time reference 95. In the current display time reference 95 after 15 minutes of a two-hour movie and before 105 minutes, the viewer can move forward or backward in any time direction with respect to the current time reference 95 for a maximum of 15 minutes. The time increments associated with forward or reverse time travel within the representation control window 90 are usually determined by multiple factors, which are the storage capacity of the DASD68, the disk surface allocated to support the representation control window 90, and It includes the number of disk surface parts or blocks, the size of the input buffer 66 of the set-top control system 62, the size of each individual video segment 48, the size of each video segment packet, and so on. As long as the viewer operates within the 30-minute expression control window 90, each of the 7200 compressed video segments 48 that make up the 2-hour movie will go from the multimedia server 30 to the subscriber's set-top control system 62 once. Is only transmitted. Moving outside the representation control window generally requires retransmission of previously transmitted compressed video segment 48. These incidental events of retransmission preferably impose additional costs on the subscriber's account.
【0064】
Referring again to FIG. 11, the set-top controller 64 of the set-top control system 62 preferably communicates with the remote multimedia server 30 via the communication channel 44 to coordinate the operation of the set-top control system 62. Media-on-demand data is typically very high, typically on the order of 100 megabytes per second (MB / sec) in traditional coaxial transmission cable, from multimedia server 30 to set-top control system 62 over communication channel 44. Is transmitted at a high burst data transfer rate. The set-top controller 64 preferably also communicates with other components of the set-top control system 62 to receive, store, and decrypt compressed video segments 48 received from the multimedia server 30, as well as subscriber television. Adjust the representation of decrypted video segment 48 onto John 76. The set-top controller 64 preferably transmits control signals to the multimedia server 30 via the server control line of communication channel 44 or channel 78. These control signals signal the start of transmission of a pay-per-view multimedia program, or a compressed video signal stream from the multimedia server 30 to the data channel 75 to avoid an overflow condition in the input buffer 66. Adjust the speed of reception via.
【0065】
For example, during the representation of a multimedia program, the viewer can typically use the infrared remote control handset 25 to temporarily suspend the representation of the program by transmitting a pause command to the set-top control system. During hibernation mode, the control signal is preferably issued from the set-top controller 64 to the multimedia server 30 via the server control line 78, requesting a temporary stop of source video signal stream transmission. As a result, the movable expression control window 90 is temporarily put into a stationary state. When requesting the multimedia server 30 to resume the source video signal stream transmission, the set-top controller 64 preferably issues a resume control command via the server control line 78. In another example, the subscriber may view the multimedia program portion outside the representation control window 90 by selectively activating the forward or reverse control button located on the infrared remote control handset 25. According to the new multimedia DASD68 video signal stream buffering method, only the compressed video segment 48 corresponding to the multimedia program portion defined in the representation control window 90 is locally stored in the DASD68. Therefore, in order to move beyond the expression control window portions 93 and 91, the video segment 48 corresponding to the movie portion outside the expression control window 90 generally needs to be retransmitted.
【0066】
The set-top control system 62 preferably alerts the subscriber that the postponement or inversion control request issued by the infrared remote control handset 25 is unsatisfied within the currently defined representation control window 90. Includes indicators to Further, the display preferably warns the subscriber that additional video data from the multimedia server 30 is required to meet the demand, and as a result, the subscriber's account is charged. To ensure that the subscriber is willing to tolerate the additional costs, preferably by activating the combination of control buttons, the subscriber may initiate the transmission of additional video data.
【0067】
Since the set-top controller 64 receives the compressed video segment 48 from the communication channel 44, usually in the form of a segment packet, the controller 64 coordinates the transfer of the segment 48 to the input buffer 66. The set-top controller 64 coordinates the timing and data transmission within the set-top control system 62, thus controlling the control signals to the input buffer 66, DASD68, output buffer 72, decoder 74, and multimedia server 30, respectively. Communicate via lines 80, 82, 86, 88 and 78. The operation of the transfer buffer 70 is also controlled by the set-top controller 64 via the control line 84. The transfer buffer 70 is used for multiple purposes, for example, in response to an input buffer overflow condition, receiving video segment 48 from input buffer 66, transferring to DASD68, or temporarily transferring video segments from it. It is used for buffering to improve synchronization, or for buffering information packets and other data that are not related to the video segment 48 data before they are stored or read on the DASD68. The transfer of such unrelated data to and from DASD68 is preferably achieved during periods of low DASD utilization, such as hibernation mode or periods of low utilization of DASD68.
【0068】
In aspects associated with the relatively low cost set-top control system 62, it is preferred that the size of the input buffer 66 is sufficient to accommodate at least two 1-second compressed video segments 48. As mentioned earlier, a 1-second full-motion video corresponds to an MPEG-1 compressed video segment that averages about 0.167 MB in size. Therefore, 0.333MB of input buffer 66 storage capacity is required to accommodate two 1-second compressed video segments 48. Data from input buffer 66 is then transmitted to DASD68 at a burst data transfer rate of preferably about 5 MB / s and stored in a novel way that provides full local VCR type control of multimedia program representations. Will be done. The size of the input buffer may be configured to store two or more video segments 48 and may include several megabytes of memory. For example, an input buffer configured to store 15 1-second MPEG-1 compressed video segments 48 requires approximately 2.5 MB of memory.
【0069】
Immediate viewing of the requested multimedia program is facilitated by the simultaneous transfer of video data from the input buffer 66 to both the DASD 68 and the output buffer 72. Compressed video segments 48 transmitted from DASD 68 or transfer buffer 70 are sequentially received by output buffer 72. The output buffer 72 preferably stores a predetermined number of compressed video data and ensures that the decoder maintains a defined input video data transfer rate. Each sequentially compressed video segment 48 received by the output buffer 72 is then decoded by the decoder 74 and sent to the subscriber's television or video monitor 76 at the requested frame rate (usually 30 for NTSC format video signals). Frame / sec, PAL (Phase Altering) Line) format video signals are transmitted at 25 frames per second). In a preferred embodiment, the decoder 74 is configured to decode the compressed MPEG video bitstream. For example, the output buffer 72 preferably transfers an MPEG-1 video bitstream to the input of the MPEG-1 decoder 74 at a rate of about 0.2 MB / sec, whereby the decoder 74 sends the corresponding decoded video signal. Guarantees transmission to subscriber television 76 at a data transfer rate of approximately 20MB / sec. The output buffer 72 is preferably configured to buffer at least two compressed video segments 48. For example, two 1-second compressed video segments 48 require approximately 0.334 MB of output buffer 72 storage. In contrast, the two 3-second compressed video segments 48 require approximately 1.0 MB of output buffer 72 memory.
【0070】
In one embodiment, each set-top control system 62 is identified by a unique serial number. This serial number is preferably used as an identification address when routing video data from the multimedia server 30 to the set-top control system 68 of the subscriber who placed the pay-per-view order. As mentioned above, an ATM information cell typically contains a cell header that identifies the destination of the cell and its associated information payload. A unique serial number or other type of unique identifier may be incorporated into the cell header to facilitate proper routing of the cell, and the cell is attached to a particular subscriber's set-top control system 62. It is considered to be equivalent to or include the individual packets of the transmitted video segment 48.
【0071】
Multimedia Direct Access Storage Device (DASD): References to FIGS. 13 and 14 indicate a new multimedia DASD 68, preferably adapted for use in the set-top control system 62 of the type described above. The multimedia DASD 68 preferably includes one or more rigid data storage disks 108 that are stacked vertically and coaxially at intervals and rotate around the hub of the spindle motor 114. Actuators 118 typically include one or more outwardly extending actuator arms 112, each arm fitted with one or more transducer / slider assemblies 116 that read and write data to and from the data storage disk 108. The transducer / slider assembly 116 is typically designed as an aerodynamic lift object that lifts the transducer from the surface of the disc 108 as the rotation speed of the spindle motor 114 and disc 108 increases. The transducer / slider assembly 116 is thereby levitated onto the disc 108 by the air bearings generated by the rotation of the disc 108. In the DASD68 configuration, which uses a constant contact transducer / slider assembly 116 configuration, a conformal lubricant is preferably placed on the disc surface 108 and between the transducer / slider assembly 116 and the disc surface 24. Reduce static and dynamic friction.
【0072】
The actuator 118 is typically mounted on an immovable actuator shaft 122 and rotates on the shaft 122 to move the actuator arm 112 inside and outside the stack of data storage disks 108. The coil assembly 123 is mounted on the actuator 118 and generally interacts with the permanent magnet structure 120 to sweep the actuator arm 112 onto the surface of the data storage disk 108. Spindle motor 114 typically includes a multilayer AC motor or brushless DC motor adapted to rotate the data storage disk 108.
【0073】
The coil assembly 123 and the permanent magnet structure 120 typically cooperate as an actuator voice coil motor in response to a control signal generated by the DASD controller 67 mounted on the circuit card 124. Various other electronic modules for controlling the operation of the multimedia DASD68 and for communicating with other devices such as the DASD array controller or the communication channel 44 interface are also typically mounted on the circuit card 124. .. The actuator voice coil motor produces torque acting on the actuator coil assembly 123 when a control current of variable direction and magnitude flows through the coil assembly 123 in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet structure 120. To do. The torque applied to the actuator coil assembly 123 then causes the corresponding rotational movement of the actuator arm 112 in a direction that depends on the polarity of the control current flowing through the coil assembly 123. The DASD controller 67 preferably cooperates with the actuator, voice, coil, and motor to coordinate the transfer of data to and from the data storage disk 108, and when reading and writing data to and from the disk 108. , Includes a control circuit for moving the actuator arm 112 and the transducer / slider assembly 116 to a defined position on disk 108.
【0074】
With reference to the embodiments shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the video data transferred from the set-top controller 64 to the multimedia DASD 68 is preferably the top surface 102 shown in FIG. 15 of the data storage disk 108 and FIG. It is stored on both the lower surface 104 shown in 16. The top and bottom transducer / slider assemblies 116 and 117 are preferably provided to read and write data to the top 102 and bottom 104 of the disk 108, respectively. It should be noted here that the number of data storage disks 108 is variable and that it is generally not essential to use both disk surfaces 102 and 104 to store video data. Further, only part of the data band of the disc may be allocated for storing video segment information and the other part of the data band may be reserved for storing other types of information. Also, multiple discontinuities in the data band can be used to store video data.
【0075】
With reference to FIGS. 15 and 16, the preferred orientations of the data tracks placed on the top surface 102 and bottom surface 104 of the disc, respectively, are shown in detail. FIG. 15 shows the upper surface 102 of the disc 108 as viewed from above, and FIG. 16 shows the lower surface 104 of the disc 108 as viewed from below. To clearly indicate the orientation with respect to FIGS. 15 and 16, the direction of disk rotation is indicated by arrows, and the actuator arm 112 is contoured with respect to the respective disk surfaces 102 and 104. In a preferred embodiment, the data tracks on the top surface 102 and bottom surface 104 of the disk include spiral data tracks 111 and 110 for storing video information and other data, respectively. As mentioned above, the advantages of the new media-on-demand communication system described here are described with general reference to video programs for convenience of explanation, but are not limited thereto. Therefore, the preferred helical data track configurations shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 are also used to store audio, text, graphics, images, moving images, and combinations of these and other types of multimedia information. obtain.
【0076】
The spiral data track 110 located on the lower surface 104 of the disk 108 preferably comprises a sequence of data storage blocks starting near the outer edge 105 of the disk 108 and spiraling inward toward the inner edge 107 of the disk 108. The spiral data track 111 located on the top surface 102 of the disk 108 preferably comprises a sequence of data storage blocks starting near the inner edge 107 of the disk 108 and spiraling outward toward the outer edge 105 of the disk 108. It will be appreciated that only part of the data band is formatted to contain a spiral data track, and this spiral format portion can be located at any radial position on the disc surface. In other configurations, it may be advantageous to allocate an entire data band to store multimedia data in a spiral data track. The portion of the data band that is formatted to contain a spiral data track that stores multimedia data is hereafter the inner diameter spiral position (ISDL) and outer diameter spiral position (OSDL) on the surface of the data disk 108. ) Is defined as the data band part.
【0077】
Data tracks 110 and 111 further include a plurality of servo sectors interleaved with the data storage block, which allow the DASD controller 67 to identify the track position and follow the center line of the data track. There are various known methods of achieving data track tracking using embedded servo sectors. Further, in FIGS. 15 and 16, only a part of the data tracks 111 and 110 is shown, and the tracks are exaggerated in size and composition for convenience of explanation. Here, a pair of recorded data surfaces having data tracks spiraling in opposite directions do not necessarily have to be arranged on opposite surfaces of the same disk 108. In another configuration, both sides of the disc may be formatted by a data track that spirals inward and both sides of the disc may be formatted by a data track that spirals outward.
【0078】
An important advantage of the spiral data track configuration shown in Figures 15 and 16 is that the video data is mainly formatted into long spiral data tracks, eliminating the need to perform rapid seek operations. Involved in. The new multimedia DASD68 typically operates along a spiral track of a predefined length to write or read video data continuously from start to finish. Actuator voice coil motors do not need to perform the rapid seek operations normally associated with data storage disks 108 that are formatted into multiple concentric data tracks according to traditional data storage configurations. Therefore, the actuator voice coil motor of the new multimedia DASD68 is generally much smaller than that of the conventional DASD, thereby reducing the cost, weight and power consumption of the multimedia DASD68. In addition, mechanical vibrations and unwanted resonances can be substantially reduced and improved tracking can be achieved, primarily due to the elimination of rapid seek operations.
【0079】
Further, in conventional DASDs, the spindle motor 114 is designed to rotate one or more data storage disks 108 at high speed in order to minimize the waiting time during data access. Latency is commonly understood as the delay period associated with the time it takes to rotate a particular data storage area on the disk surface closer to the read / write transducer. Traditional DASD spindle motors, for example using a 3.5-inch data storage disk 108, typically rotate the disk at speeds of approximately 5400RPM to 7200RPM and represent the major power consumption components of conventional DASD. According to one aspect, the multimedia DASD68 spindle motor 114 rotates the disk 108 at a nominal rotation speed of 3600 RPM or less. Therefore, a substantial reduction in size, power consumption, cost, and complexity of the multimedia DASD68 adapted to provide full VCR type control of the representation of the required multimedia program can be achieved.
【0080】
The long-term representation control window 90 is generally indicated by the format equations and guidelines developed by the present inventor and requires high disk rotation speeds as described below. For the relatively low cost DASD68, it would be desirable to design the spindle motor 114 to operate at a fixed speed, for example 3600 RPM. In other configurations that use air bearings to support the transducer / slider assembly 116, sufficient rotational speed ensures that the disc 108 maintains a nominal disc-transducer clearance distance on the air bearings. It would be desirable to rotate with. Of course, certain aerodynamic properties of the transducer / slider assembly 116 in determining the nominal levitation amount of the transducer / slider assembly 116 on the rotating disk 108 and the corresponding desired spindle motor 114 speed. It becomes an important factor. In aspects of the multimedia DASD68, which uses a lubricant-based system to reduce static and dynamic friction between the disc surface 108 and the constant contact type transducer / slider assembly 116, the size and cost of the DASD68. And to reduce power requirements, disk speeds significantly lower than 1200 RPM would be advantageous. The load / unload lamp 117 is commonly used to unload the transducer / slider assembly 116 from a lubricated disc surface during extended non-use periods.
【0081】
For example, a rotation speed near zero speed on disk 108 would be desirable during pause expression mode. Also, the rotational speeds of the spindle motor 114 and disk 108 may vary depending on the type of multimedia information buffered by DASD68. In such cases, the nominal rotational speed of the disk 108 may be determined by the DASD controller 67 or the set-top controller 64. The nominal speed of rotation of the disc 108 may be selected from the preferred speed range usually specified by the levitation characteristics of the particular transducer / slider assembly 116 used. Also, the optimal portion of the disk data band allocated to store the video data can be determined by the DASD controller 67. Depending on the levitation characteristics of the particular transducer / slider assembly 116, the optimum data band position can be located at the outer diameter disk position, the inner diameter disk position, or the intermediate disk position. The nominal disk speed should be properly selected to provide sufficient video data input rates for the output buffer 72 and decoder 74 to ensure uninterrupted representation of multimedia information. .. The low rotation speed of the disk 108 generally corresponds to the low sampling rate of servo information normally embedded between the information storage sectors on the disk surface. The nominal speed of rotation of the spindle motor 114 should be selected to provide a sufficiently high servo information sampling rate.
【0082】
Another important advantage of the preferred helical data track configuration shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 involves a significant increase in the bit linear density of the data storage disk 108. Spiral data tracks 110 and 111 are usually narrower than traditional concentric data tracks, thus resulting in a significant increase in track density on each side of disk 108. For example, in traditional DASD, the width of the data track is a limiting factor for DASD seek time. When the actuator performs a seek to locate a new track, it generally has to decelerate and settle to a position that follows the centerline of the data track. In general, narrow track widths require longer time for the actuator to settle at the end of the seek operation, thereby increasing the overall seek time of the DASD. According to the preferred helical data track configuration of the new multimedia DASD68, such seek operations were not performed, resulting in the time required to settle the actuator 112, which limited the extent to which the track width could be reduced. It is no longer an important factor.
【0083】
Another reason that the data density can be increased when storing multimedia data on disk 108 of the multimedia DASD68 is associated with multimedia data compared to traditionally stored digital data. It involves a relatively low data error rate. Even the slightest changes in traditional digital data due to soft and hard read errors can have significant adverse effects. However, in the case of multimedia data, read error rates on orders that are several times higher than are acceptable for conventional data are generally acceptable. For example, in many multimedia applications, audio and video information generally must be transferred from the data storage disc 108 to the viewer's television 24 or monitor. In general, read errors associated with multimedia data storage to DASD68 usually result in only a slight degradation in the quality of the audio or video representation. Many read errors are often invisible to the viewer who is watching or listening. In addition, various signal processing and smoothing techniques are used to improve audio and video representation in the event of hard read errors, thereby making hard read errors invisible to the viewer or listener.
【0084】
Therefore, by allowing a high read error rate, it is possible to substantially increase the data density of the multimedia data storage disk 108. In a preferred embodiment, a 3.5 inch data storage disk 108 with a bit linear density of approximately 165 Kbpi (kilobits / inch) is used. Due to the improved format efficiency, more data can be stored per track unit length within the spiral data track compared to traditional concentric tracks. By eliminating the need to perform seek operations, specific information within the data sector headers and servo sectors is no longer needed. In particular, it is possible to eliminate the Gray code track identifier within each servo sector. It is typically used in traditional DASD to identify tracks when performing seek operations. It is also possible to eliminate the track identification information in the data servo header. It may be preferable to include track identification information in a discrete manner, such as an indicator mark for each disk rotation, but this information is compared to including the traditional Gray code track identifier in each embedded servo sector header. For example, it requires substantially less storage space. Due to the combined effect of increasing the data linear density and improving the format efficiency, the total amount of data that can be stored on the spiral disk surface 108 is more than doubled as compared with the case of the conventional data storage disk.
【0085】
In a preferred embodiment, the servo sectors are preferably written concentrically to disk 108 as before, rather than using a spiral pattern. Preferably, the concentric tracks of the servo sector are written on the disk surface 108, and in order to write the next annular track concentric with the first track, the servo writer moves that position by one track width at the index position. Increment. Subsequent tracks are written in this way until the disc surface is completely crossed. Reading or writing of the spiral data track is preferably achieved by adding a spiral track position error offset signal to the position error signal generated when reading the servo sector. The magnitude of the spiral track position error offset signal depends on the angular position of the servo sector with respect to the index position. The position error offset signal is often referred to as a feedforward signal and is fed to the actuator servo control to correct the inherent eccentricity of the disc 108. During the servo write procedure, the eccentricity of the disk 108 is usually measured by reading the servo pattern with the actuator 118, which is usually registered at the outer or inner diameter crash stop position. The central hole of the disc 108 may be slightly off the physical center of rotation, which usually occurs due to manufacturing tolerance variations and when the disc spins after being mounted on the hub of the spindle motor 114. This is due to the slight amount of disc slippage.
【0086】
For example, at the index position, the position error offset signal is zero. As the disc rotates beyond the index position, the magnitude of the spiral track position error offset increases, depending on whether the track spirals inward or outward. , Is added to or subtracted from the position error signal. For example, at a position 180 ° from the index position, the magnitude of the offset signal displaces the actuator by exactly 1/2 of the track width. Concentric servo sectors are preferred because they simplify the task of initially writing the servo sectors to disk surface 108. By writing the concentric servo pattern to the disk surface 108, it is possible to write all the disk surfaces in a single pass regardless of the direction of the spiral. However, it is also possible to write the servo sector in a spiral pattern instead.
【0087】
Another achievable advantage of using a spiral data track to store multimedia data is, like other approaches to storing multimedia data on a spiral data track, US Patent Application No. It is detailed in issue 288525, "Apparatus and Method for Providing Multimedia Data".
【0088】
Multimedia DASD data storage architecture: Local customization control of multimedia program representation preferably buffers and buffers non-sequential and sequential video segments 54 preferably received from the multimedia server 30 of the type described above. Achieved by a new multimedia DASD data storage architecture that provides access. For clarity and simplification of the description, the new DASD data storage architecture is stated to follow a number of assumptions. However, these assumptions are for convenience of explanation only and do not represent limitations relating to the scope of the disclosed methods and devices.
【0089】
With reference to FIGS. 15-21, for convenience of explanation, the multimedia DASD68 includes a single data storage disk 108, which is an inbound spiral data track located on its bottom surface 104 and top surface 102, respectively. It shall have 110 and an outbound spiral data track 111. In this illustrated example, the capacity of the expression control window 90 to realize the full VCR type expression control function is 20 seconds, and the length of the customer-selected movie is 2 hours. A normal expression control window 90 in practice generally includes a 20-50 minute portion of a 2-hour multimedia program.
【0090】
Also, the input buffer 66 of the set-top control system 62 shall be configured to store two separate video segments 48. Therefore, the multimedia server 30 transmits a video segment packet containing two or less video segments 48 to the set-top control system 62 between each transmission window. As mentioned above, a set-top control system 62 configuration using a relatively small input buffer 66 that can store only two video segments 48 represents a relatively low cost configuration. Such a low cost configuration typically requires frequent packet transmissions from the multimedia server 30, thereby increasing the service costs associated with receiving multimedia programs from the multimedia server 30.
【0091】
In addition, the MPEG-1 compression standard shall be used to obtain compression ratios on the order of 100: 1. It is also assumed that a two-hour movie is indexed and decomposed into 7200 individually compressed video segments 48, where each video segment 48 represents a one-second full-motion video portion of the movie. Assuming an NTSC video frame rate of 30 frames per second, the 1 second full motion video portion of a movie can be compressed to an average of about 0.167MB (167KB). Therefore, the input buffer must contain at least 0.334MB of memory to store two 0.167MB video segments 48. The disk 108 preferably has a diameter of 3.5 inches and a bit linear density of about 165 Kbps. Therefore, the compressed video segment 48 can generally be stored within two revolutions of the spiral data track 110 or 111.
【0092】
Assuming a 20-second mobile representation control window 90 is used, a total of 20 1-second compressed video segments 48 are buffered onto the multimedia DASD 68 at any time. A total of 10 1-second compressed video segments 48 define odd blocks (block A50) and even blocks (block B52), respectively. The video segments associated with blocks A50 and B52 are stored on the bottom 104 and 102 of the disc, respectively. The two blocks, block A50 and block B52, contain a spiral track of about 20 revolutions located on the bottom surface 104 and the top surface 102 of the disk, respectively, and include a total of 40 revolutions corresponding to the entire representation control window buffer 90. In addition, it takes about 2 seconds for the actuator 112 to traverse both the inbound and outbound spiral data tracks 110 and 111. A complete journey once along the inbound and outbound spiral tracks that make up the representation control window 90 will be referred to herein as "RUN".
【0093】
In a multimedia DASD68 using a single disk 108 in a modulo 2 configuration (eg 2 blocks of blocks A50 and B52), the disk 108 makes a total of 40 revolutions (ie 2) to complete a single run in 2 seconds. Rotation / segment x 10 segments / plane x 2 planes = 40 rotations), must be rotated. This corresponds to the relatively low rotation speed of the disc 108, such as about 1200 RPM (40 rotations / 2 seconds x 60 seconds / minute). As mentioned above, the typical minimum nominal speed of a disk 108 in a DASD68 configuration that uses air bearings rather than compatible lubricant bearings is generally in the range of about 1600 RPM to 1800 RPM.
【0094】
With reference to FIGS. 17 to 21, the individual video segments 48 constituting the video signal bitstream are read and written asynchronously to the spiral data tracks 110 and 111 arranged on the lower surface 104 and the upper surface 102 of the data storage disk 108, respectively. One aspect of the new DASD data storage architecture is presented. As mentioned above in connection with FIG. 8, the 20-second representation control window 90 is shown in FIGS. 17-21 with one odd block (block A50) of the video segment 48 having the odd address indicator and the even address indicator. It is shown to include one even block (block B52) of video segment 48 with. In this aspect, the video segment 48 defining the block A50 is written to and read from the inbound spiral track 110, which is preferably located on the underside 104 of the data storage disk 108. The video segment 48, which defines block B52, is preferably written to and read from an outbound spiral track 111 located on the top surface 102 of the data storage disk 108. It will be appreciated that block A50 and block B52 can be written to either the top or bottom of the disk, respectively.
【0095】
The movable representation control window 90 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 can be considered to include a total of 20 storage positions, with 10 continuous storage positions located on the bottom surface 104 and top surface 102 of the disk, respectively. To. For convenience of explanation, the storage position arranged on the lower surface 104 of the disk is shown superimposed on the upper surface 102 of the disk along the central axis 200 of the disk 108. As shown, positions 1-10 define block A50 placed on the inbound spiral track 110 on the bottom surface 104 of the disc, and positions 11-20 define block A50 placed on the outbound spiral track 111 on the top surface 102 of the disc. Define B52. Further, the surface area of the disk 108 allocated to support the 20-second representation control window 90 is preferably within the data band between the outer diameter spiral position (OSDL) 196 and the inner diameter spiral position (ISDL) 198. Defined in. As mentioned above, for example, this data band is supported by any diameter position on the disc surface of any disc of DASD68 using multiple discs, or by a well-developed air bearing in the transducer / slider assembly 116. It may be placed at the disc position where it is.
【0096】
Generally, the lower transducer 117 sweeps storage positions 1-10 located on the inbound spiral track 110 on the underside 104 of the disc from OSDL 196 to ISDL 198. After the head switching operation is performed on ISDL 198, the upper transducer 116 sweeps storage positions 11-20 located on the outbound spiral track 111 on the top surface 102 of the disc until it reaches OSDL 196. The progress of the lower transducer 117 and the upper transducer 116 along the inbound and outbound spiral tracks 110 and 111, respectively, is shown by arrows in FIGS. 20 and 21, respectively. This process of sweeping over 108 disc surfaces, performing a head switching operation, and sweeping over another disc surface is repeated continuously. The video segment 48 received from the set-top controller 64 and transferred to the multimedia DASD 68 writes asynchronously to storage locations 1-10 and 11-20, preferably according to the novel formatting method disclosed below. Rare and read from it.
【0097】
First, assume that the asynchronous video bitstream 54 is received by the set-top controller 64 and the video segment 48 containing the video bitstream 54 has not yet been transferred to the multimedia DASD 68. Storage positions 1 to 20 are shown along the vertical or Y axis of FIGS. 18 and 19, and each row along the horizontal or X axis indicates a particular run number. As described above, each run completely advances the storage position of the inbound spiral track 110 on the lower surface 104 of the disk once, and after executing the head switching operation, completely advances the storage position of the outbound spiral track 111 on the upper surface 102 of the disk once. Means to proceed. The operation of writing the video segment 48 to a specific storage location is indicated by the letter "W" in FIGS. 18 and 19, and the operation of reading the video segment 48 from a specific storage location is indicated by the letter "R". Indicated by. Storage locations containing the letter specifier "S" include the previously written video segment 48 and when sweeping over the inbound and outbound spiral tracks 110 and 111 that define the representation control window 90. Shows that it is skipped by the transducer. The term "skip" means that the transducer does not write (W) or read (R) to a particular storage location during a particular run.
【0098】
An important feature of the new DASD data storage architecture is that the video segment 48 is written to the DASD 68 while simultaneously transferring the same video segment 48 to the decoder 74 for a virtual instant representation on the subscriber's television 76. To transfer. This simultaneous transfer operation preferably continues until the first storage location defined on each disk surface contains at least one video segment 48. The video segment 48 is then exclusively transferred from the DASD 68 to the output buffer 72 and the decoder 74. Except when the postponement or inversion operation is not satisfied within the currently defined representation control window 90 and therefore requires the transmission of additional video segment 48 information from the multimedia server 30.
【0099】
Representation Control Window Architecture: Further with reference to FIGS. 18-20, the set-top controller 64 receives a video bitstream 54 containing the non-sequential column portion of the individual video segment 48, with a maximum of 2 input buffers 66. Suppose it is configured to store one 1-second video segment 48, and the representation control window buffer 90 is defined as a period or capacity of 20 seconds. Starting from run 1, the set-top controller 64 preferably, from the input buffer 66 to the multimedia DASD 68 and the decoder 74, to instantly display the first segment A1 on the subscriber's television 76. Adjust the simultaneous transfer of the first 1-second segment A1. The video segment 48, which is transferred directly from the input buffer 66 to the decoder 74, may be temporarily buffered in the transfer buffer 70 and then transferred to the output buffer 72 and then to the decoder 74. Also, data unrelated to the selected multimedia program may be received by the input buffer 66, transferred to the transfer buffer 70, and subsequently stored on the DASD 68 or transmitted to the output buffer 72.
【0100】
For example, information representing a picture-in-picture type interactive message announcing the reception of incoming communication from a source other than the multimedia server 30 is received by the input buffer 66 and is received in the transfer buffer 70 and / or the output buffer. It can be transferred to 72, immediately decoded by decoder 74, and displayed on connected television 76. Such irrelevant information received by the input buffer 66 and transferred to the transfer buffer 70 may also be stored on the DASD 68 during the idle period of the transducer 116 or actuator 118. Also, the speed at which multimedia program data is written to and read from DASD68 is the operation of transferring video segment data to (from) DASD68 and data unrelated to video segment data to (from) DASD68. ) Allows dual tasks with actuator 118 to and from the transfer operation.
【0101】
In run 1, the simultaneous operation of writing the first 1 second video segment A1 to position 1202 and transferring the video segment A1 to the decoder 74 and display 76 is the character specifier "WR" in FIGS. 18 and 19. Indicated by. After writing the video segment A1 to the first physical storage position on the inbound spiral track 110 shown as position 1202, the next continuous storage position (position 2 204) on the inbound spiral track 110 rotates. Come and approach the lower transducer 117. At this time, the video segment A3 is physically written to the storage position 2 204. Video segment A3 stored in position 2 After writing to 204, the lower transducer 117 follows the inbound spiral track 110 on the underside 104 of the disc until it reaches ISDL198. The representation control window 90 is defined as part of the inbound and outbound spiral tracks 110 and 111 defined between OSDL196 and ISDL198. When ISDL198 is reached, head switching 117 is executed, the lower transducer 117 is deactivated, and the upper transducer 116 registered in ISDL198 is activated.
【0102】
At position 11 240 of the outbound spiral track 111 on the top surface of the disk 102, video segment A2 is simultaneously transferred to position 11 240 and decoder 74 and instantly represented on television 76. The set-top controller 64 preferably operates the output buffer 72 and the decoder 74 so that the video segment 48 buffered in the output buffer 72 is transferred to the decoder 74 at a specified sufficient transfer rate. Adjust and thereby guarantee an uninterrupted representation of each 1-second video segment buffered in the representation control window 90. As storage position 12 238 rotates and approaches the upper transducer 116, video segment A4 is written to storage position 12 238. After writing the video segment A4 to storage position 12 238, the upper transducer 116 travels along the outbound spiral track 111 until it reaches OSDL 196, at which point another head switch is performed and the lower transducer 117 is on the underside of the disk. Activated to approach 104. Now that the run 1 has been completed, let's disclose the operations related to the run 2.
【0103】
After performing the head switch from the upper transducer 116 to the lower transducer 117, the lower transducer 117 preferably skips storage position 1202, which currently includes video segment A1. Upon reaching position 2 204, the lower transducer 117 reads the video segment A3 from storage position 2 204, which is then transferred to the decoder 74 and the display device 76. This means that the video segments A1, A2, and A3, which were first stored asynchronously, are displayed in their original order. As the lower transducer 117 travels along the inbound spiral track 110 towards ISDL 198, video segments A5 and A7 are written to positions 3 206 and 4 208, respectively. When ISDL198 is reached, another head switch is performed and the upper transducer 116 approaches position 11 240. The upper transducer 116 skips position 11 240, reads the previously written video segment A4 from position 12 238, and then writes video segments A6 and A8 to positions 13 236 and 14 234, respectively. Position 12 The video segment A4 read from 238 is transferred to output buffer 72 and then to decoder 74, with the representation immediately following the previously read representation of video segment A3 on television 76. provide. The upper transducer 116 travels along the outbound spiral track 111 until it reaches OSDL 196.
【0104】
In short, the operation related to Run 3 starts at OSDL196 after the head switch from the upper transducer to the lower transducer is complete, skips position 1 202 and position 2 204, reads video segment A5 from position 3206, and positions. Skip 4 208 and write the video segments A9 and A11 to positions 5 210 and 6 212, respectively. After performing the head switch on ISDL 198, the upper transducer 116 crosses the outbound spiral track 111, skips positions 11 240 and 12 238, reads the previously written video segment A6 from position 13 236, position 14 Skip 234 and write the video segments A10 and A12 to positions 15 232 and 16 230, respectively. The upper transducer 116 travels along the outbound spiral track 111 until it reaches OSDL 196 again. The storage positions of the disks 108 associated with the run 4 and the run 5 are similarly written and read according to the operations shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
【0105】
At the end of run 5, the video segment A20 is written to position 20 222 on the outbound spiral track 11 on the top surface 102 of the disc. Thus, all the first 20 1-second video segments 48 that make up the 20-second representation control window 90 are written to disk 108 of the multimedia DASD 68 upon completion of run 5. At the end of run 5, the first column C1 of the customization matrix 51 shown in FIG. 8 is buffered by the inbound and outbound spiral tracks 110 and 111 of the data storage disk 108 constituting the 20-second representation control window 90. ..
【0106】
UPDATE-IN-PLACE architecture: After run 5, the new multimedia DASD68 will move the virtual representation control window 90 forward or backward in time with a unique update format architecture and method. Can be moved. Generally, as a subscriber progresses through a two-hour movie forward, the video segment 48 previously stored in the multimedia DASD 68 is replaced by a new received video segment 48 transmitted over the communication channel 44. To. The new interleaved DASD68 format architecture and method essentially acts as an asynchronous data storage disk FIFO (first in, first out) buffer as the movie progresses forward in time.
【0107】
Next, referring to the run 6 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the video segment A1 previously stored at position 1202 is replaced and overwritten by the newly received video segment A21. After transferring the video segment A21 to position 1202, the lower transducer 117 skips position 2 204 to position 5 210, reads video segment A11 from position 6 212, and then skips position 7 214 to position 10 220. .. A head switch is performed and the upper transducer 116 writes A22 to position 11 240, thus overwriting the previously stored video segment A2. Top Transducer 116 skips positions 12 238 to 15 232, reads video segment A12 from position 16 230, then positions 17 228 to 20 Skip 222 and therefore complete run 6. As can be seen from FIGS. 18 and 19, previously written video segments are eventually replaced by newly received video segments 48 during each subsequent run. In this way, the new formatting method allows simultaneous reading and updating of multimedia program data buffered by DASD68 according to the time progression of the movable representation control window 90.
【0108】
An important advantage of the new in-place update format architecture and method concerns the ease with which subscribers can move forward or backward in time within some of the multimedia programs stored within the expression control window 90. .. For example, during run 8, position 8 The video segment A15 stored in 216 is read from the inbound spiral track 110, transferred to the decoder 74, and displayed on television 76. If desired, the subscriber may select any neighboring video segment on the inbound spiral track 110. These video segments include A7, A9, A11, A13, A17, A19, A21, A23 and A25. From the subscriber's point of view, this appears to selectively move the movie forward or backward in time with increments of every 2 seconds relative to the video segment A15. In another example, if video segment A21 is selected in run 8 and the subscriber wants to re-watch the next video segment A22, video segment A22 is read from the outbound spiral track 111 on the top surface of the disc 102. Therefore, it seems as if the 6-second movie was skipped. Preferably, the subscriber activates a forward or reverse control button on the infrared remote control handset 25 to achieve temporal forward or reverse movement within the representation control window 90.
【0109】
SPIRAL-AND-HOLD architecture: The multimedia DASD68 is preferably new when the subscriber initiates a postponed, inverted or dormant expression control operation, or when an overflow condition in the output buffer 72 is likely to occur. Perform a spiral / hold operation. Activation of the pause button on the infrared remote control handset 25 generally freezes the current image displayed on the subscriber's television 76. Upon initiation of the hibernate command, the decoder 74 preferably suspends the decryption operation under the control of the set-top controller 64. Also, if the viewer initiates a forward and reverse search, the physics of one or more desired video segments before the output buffer 72 can accept additional video segment 48 data without overflowing. Certain situations may occur in which the spiral track storage position rotates closer to the transducer. A new spiral / hold operation is performed to prevent overflow of the output buffer 72 in these situations.
【0110】
According to the new spiral / hold operation, the DASD68 actuator / servo control preferably transitions from spiral track follow mode to cylindrical track follow mode. The columnar track tracking mode is electronically realized by changing the reference position error signal from a wedge or ramp signal to a constant position error signal. This can be achieved by transmitting only the reference position error signal, which is also referred to as the feedforward signal as described above, to the actuator servo control without transmitting the spiral track position error offset signal. The constant reference signal transitions the actuator servo control to the columnar track tracking mode, and the positive or negative ramp signal shifts the actuator servo control to the spiral track tracking mode required to follow the inbound or outbound spiral track. Make a transition.
【0111】
The DASD controller 67 preferably transmits one of the ramp signal and the constant position error signal to the actuator servo control in response to the state of the output buffer 72 to realize a spiral or columnar track tracking mode, respectively. For example, if the output buffer 72 indicates that an imminent overflow condition can occur, the DASD controller 67 preferably transmits a constant position error signal to the actuator servo control of the DASD 68 and sets the operation mode to spiral track. Transition from the follow-up mode to the columnar track follow-up mode. If the viewer wishes to resume watching the movie after the overflow condition of the output buffer 72 has been relaxed, or after the viewer has started the pause command, the set-top controller 64 preferably multiplies the positive or negative ramp position error signals. Transmit to media DASD68 and resume spiral track tracking mode operation.
【0112】
Asynchronous Format Guidelines: In general, the following format parameters and guidelines developed by the present inventor are applicable in implementing various aspects of the new asynchronous format architectures and methods.
【0113】
Format parameters: D = number of disk faces used for representation control window buffer M = number of video segment blocks per disk used for representation control window buffer L = Length of each block in video segment S0 = size of each video segment [megabytes] R0 = 1 Disk speed per video segment T0 = 1 stretched full motion program time per video segment [seconds] P = Maximum server packet size by number of video segments based on subscriber input buffer capacity in set-top control system IBS = Input buffer size [megabytes] (preferably IBS> 2 × P × S0) [0114]
Format equation: Window storage capacity (SC) = D x M x L x S0 [megabytes] Window period (PTD) = D x M x L x T0 [seconds] Spindle Motor Velocity (NV) = 60 x L x R0 / T0 [RPM] (even and odd indexed video segments on the same disk surface) Spindle Motor Velocity (NV) = 60 x M x L x R0 / T0 [RPM] (even and odd indexed video segments on different disc surfaces) Block indexing (BI) = modulo (D × M) [0115]
Assumption: Form factor: Form factor for any direct access storage device R0 rotation is required to store one average size compressed video segment S0. The input buffer of the set-top control system is preferably configured to store at least two server packets (P), allowing server flexibility when transmitting video segment packets asynchronously ( That is, IBS> 2 × P × S0).
【0116】
Case 1: In the illustrated example described in connection with FIGS. 17-21, the total number of disk surfaces used to support the 20-second representation control window buffer 90 is 2, so D = 2. .. The number of video segment blocks per disk surface is one block (odd blocks A50 on the underside of the disk and even blocks B52 on the top of the disk), so M = 1. The length of each block is 10 segments, so L = 10, and each video segment 48 represents an extended full-motion program time of 1 second, so T0 = 1.0. Assuming an MPEG-1 compression ratio of about 100: 1, each video segment 48 is compressed to about 0.167MB, so S0 = 0.167MB and 3.5 inches in diameter to store each video segment 48. Approximately 2 rotations of disk 108 are required. Therefore, R0 = 2.
【0117】
Applying these format parameters, D = 2, M = 1, L = 10, S0 = 0.167MB, R0 = 2, and T0 = 1.0 to the format guideline equation, the following DASD68 format specification applies. Window storage capacity (SC) = 2 x 1 x 10 x 0.167 = 3.34MB Window period (PTD) = 2 × 1 × 10 × 1.0 = 20 seconds Spindle motor speed (NV) = 60 x 1 x 10 x 2 / 1.0 = 1200RPM Block indexing (BI) = modulo (2 × 1) [0118]
Further assume that the input buffer 66 of the receive set-top control system 62 is configured to store packets with a maximum size of two video segments 48, i.e. P = 2. Therefore, the input buffer 66 must have a minimum storage capacity of at least 2 × P × S0 or 0.668MB, which is the minimum required to accommodate the modulo 2 configuration 20-second mobile representation control window buffer 90. The DASD68 storage capacity is approximately 3.34MB.
【0119】
Case 2: In another case, one average-sized MPEG-1 compressed video segment 48 representing a 1 second (T0 = 1) full motion video on a 3.5 inch diameter disc with a particular recording density. 2 tracks (R0 = 2 rotations) are required to memorize. This corresponds to the 0.167MB of disk space required to store each video segment 48. Assuming that the maximum size of each packet transmitted by the multimedia server 30 is 2 segments (P = 2), the storage capacity (IBS) of the input buffer 66 of the set-top control system 62 is the same as in the previous case. Should be at least 2x2x0.167MB or 0.668MB. Further, DASD68 shall include a single data storage disk 108, or only two disk surfaces (D = 2) shall be allocated to support media on demand service. If each disc surface contains 2 blocks (M = 2) per disk surface and 1 block is formatted to contain 5 video segments (L = 5), the rotating spindle speed NV is buffered on the same disk surface. Calculated as NV = 60 × L × R0 / T0 = 60 × 5 × 2 / 1.0 = 600 RPM for even and odd indexed video segments 48 to be ringed. In a configuration where even and odd index segments 48 are formatted on different disk surfaces, the spindle motor speed NV is NV = 60 × M × L × R0 / T0 = 60 × 2 × 5 × 2 / 1.0 = Calculated as 1200 RPM. The period PTD of the expression control window 90 is calculated as PTD = D × M × L × T = 2 × 2 × 5 × 1 = 20 seconds, and its storage capacity SC is SC = D × M × L × S0 = 2. Calculated as × 2 × 5 × 0.167MB = 3.34MB.
【0120】
Case 3: Suppose a 30-minute expression control window 90 is desired as a more realistic example related to the DASD68 described above, which uses two disc surfaces dedicated to video on demand. This requires 1 second (T0 = 1.0) compressed video segment 48 of 30 minutes x 60 seconds / minute = 1800, and if R0 = 2, then a total of 2 x 1800 = 3600 tracks, or 2 (D = 2). 1800 tracks per disk surface of the must be allocated to support the 30-minute representation control window 90. Assuming that various disk 108 formatting methods are available and that both even and odd indexed video segments 48 are formatted on the same disk surface, 30 segments are included in each block (L = 30), 60 blocks are formatted on each disc surface (M = 60). The corresponding spindle speed NV is calculated as NV = 60 x 30 x 2 / 1.0 = 3600 RPM, which is generally recognized as the industry standard for the DASD68 spindle motor speed. Assuming a typical track density of a 3.5 inch diameter disk is 4000 tracks or more per disk surface, the representation control window buffer 90 described in this example occupies less than half of the data band of the 3.5 inch diameter disk 108. .. The required disk storage capacity for this application is approximately 30MB. Of course, it will be appreciated that DASD 68s with form factors other than 3.5 inch diameter disc 108, such as 2.5 inch or 1.8 inch diameter disc 108, often require different format configurations.
【0121】
Case 4: In yet another example, a high degree of interleaving is achieved when the video segment 48 is formatted within DASD68 according to the modulo 4 formatting method for a single disk 108. The subscriber specifies a 40-second representation control window 90, receives video segments 48 corresponding to the customization matrix 51 shown in FIG. 9, and each video segment 48 has a maximum size of 5 video segments. Representing a 2-second uncompressed full-motion video received as 48 packets, it forms the four blocks that make up the customize matrix 51: block A53, block B55, block C57, and block D59. The first 20 2-second video segments 48 to be formatted in Modulo 4 on DASD68 as follows: Block A: A1, A5, A9, A13, A17 Block B: A2, A6, A10, A14, A18 Block C: A3, A7, A11, A15, A19 Block D: A4, A8, A12, A16, A20 [0122]
For example, the video segment 48 associated with blocks A53 and B55 is preferably written to and read from the underside 104 of disk 108, and the video segment 48 associated with blocks C57 and D59 is It is written to and read from the top surface 102 of the disk 108. Applying the parameters applicable to this modulo 4 format example (D = 2, M = 2, L = 5, S0 = 0.334MB, R0 = 4, T0 = 2.0, and P = 5) to general format equations , The following DASD68 format specifications will be acquired. Window storage capacity (SC) = 2 x 2 x 5 x 0.334 = 6.68MB Window period (PTD) = 2 x 2 x 5 x 2.0 = 40 seconds Spindle motor speed (NV) = 60 × 10 × 4 / 2.0 = 1200RPM Block indexing (BI) = modulo (2 × 2) = Modulo 4 [0123]
Therefore, the minimum DASD68 storage capacity required to accommodate the 40-second mobile representation control window 90 buffer with a modulo 4 configuration is approximately 6.68MB.
【0124】
In order to increase the storage capacity of the DASD68 as well as the duration of the multimedia program that can be buffered in the expression control window 90, it would be desirable to configure the multimedia DASD68 to include multiple data storage disks 108. All or part of the DASD68 disk storage surface may be allocated to accommodate the representation control window 90 for the purpose of providing control of the local VCR type of multimedia program representation. Other parts of the DASD68 disk storage surface may be allocated to store text files, application software, and other data related to the normal use of conventional DASD. The DASD68 storage surface may include concentric and spiral data track portions to meet various data storage needs. Therefore, an additional data storage disk 108 provides increased DASD68 storage capacity that can be allocated for a number of different purposes.
【0125】
For example, in a DASD68 configuration with four discs 108, the transducer weaves along inbound and outbound spiral tracks, preferably located on the bottom and top of the disc, respectively, and thus into and from the stack of discs 108. proceed. As mentioned above, a pair of disk surfaces having data tracks spiraling in opposite directions do not necessarily have to be located on opposite surfaces of the same disk 108. For example, both sides of one disc may be formatted by a data track that spirals inward, and both sides of another disc may be formatted by a data track that spirals outward.
【0126】
Case 5: In yet another example, an aspect of multimedia DASD68 suitable for providing a 40-minute expression control window 90 for achieving full VCR-type expression control over a 40-minute portion of a 2-hour video program. However, it preferably contains four disks 108 for buffering a 1-second compressed video segment 48 formatted with a modular 80. According to this configuration, each side (D = 8) of the four disks is formatted to contain 10 segment blocks (M = 10) with a segment length of 30 segments (L = 30). It is assumed that even and odd indexed video segments 48 are buffered on the same disk surface. The following parameters are assumed to be applied. D = 8, M = 10, L = 30, S0 = 0.167MB, R0 = 2, T0 = 1.0, and P = 30. Applying these parameters to the format guideline equation yields the following DASD68 format specification. Window storage capacity (SC) = 8 × 10 × 30 × 0.167 = 400M B Window period (PTD) = 8 × 10 × 30 × 1.0 = 2400 seconds = 40 minutes Spindle motor speed (NV) = 60 x 30 x 2 / 1.0 = 3600RPM Block indexing (BI) = modulo (8 × 10) = Modulo 80 [0127]
Therefore, the minimum DASD68 storage capacity required to accommodate the 40-minute mobile representation control window 90 buffer formatted by Modulo 80 is approximately 400MB. The nominal spindle motor 114 speed in such a configuration is approximately 3600 RPM. It is immediately apparent to those skilled in the art that the 3600 RPM represents a relatively slow spindle motor speed requirement given the substantial advantages involved in providing full local VCR type representation control for the 40 minute portion of a 2-hour video program. Will be understood. The input buffer 66 of the receive set-top control system 62, in this example, must be configured to store at least 30 video segments with an average size of 0.167 MB, i.e. about 5 MB. .. To increase the flexibility of asynchronous transmission on the multimedia server 30, the input buffer should have a storage capacity of approximately 10MB (IBS> 2 × P × S0, but P = 30 and S0 = 0.167MB).
【0128】
The asynchronous format guidelines and requirements disclosed herein provide designers with considerable flexibility in designing the multimedia DASD68 used in multimedia communication systems. The formatting of multimedia information received from the remote multimedia server 30 can vary according to the operating characteristics, specifications, and features of a particular DASD68 located within the local set-top control system 62.
【0129】
Case 6: For example, the rotational speed of a relatively slow spindle motor 114 can be achieved by properly formatting the video data representing the selected multimedia program. In one aspect of the illustration, the video transmitted by the multimedia server 30 to the set-top control system 62 in the individual packets shown in FIG. 10 and formatted on the multimedia DASD 68 as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. -Segment 48 information provides a relatively slow spindle motor 114 speed of about 400 RPM. In this Modulo 4 example, each video segment 48 represents a 2 second (T0 = 2.0) portion of the multimedia program (S0 = 2 x 0.167MB = 0.334MB, R0 = 4 rotations), at least 5 video segments. (L = 5) is stored in each of the two blocks (M = 2) placed on each of the two disk surfaces (D = 2), and the two blocks 53 and the two blocks 53 containing the odd indexed video segment 48 and 57 is placed on the disk surface and two blocks 55 and 59, including the even indexed video segment 48, are placed on another disk surface. By applying the appropriate spindle motor velocity equation, i.e. 60 × M × L × R0 / T0, the nominal spindle motor speed in this example is 60 × 2 × 5 × 4 / 2.0 = 1200 RPM.
【0130】
Case 7: Two blocks 53 and 55 containing odd and even indexed video segments 48 are placed on an optical disk, respectively, and two other blocks 53 and 55 containing odd and even indexed video segments 48, respectively. Assuming it is placed on another disk surface, the nominal spindle motor speed in this example is 60 x 5 x 4 / by applying the appropriate spindle motor speed equation, i.e. 60 x L x R0 / T0. 2.0 = 600 RPM.
【0131】
The format configuration example described above shows that other spindle motor 114 speeds are also easily achievable. Number of segment blocks (M), block length of each block (L), distribution of odd and even indexed segment blocks on the same or different disk surfaces, number of disk surfaces used (D) By varying various important format parameters, such as the size of the input buffer 66 (IBS), and the size of the individual video segment (S0), multimedia program information can be controlled by the subscriber's unique set-top. It can be efficiently transmitted from the multimedia server 30 in a format specifically adapted to the system configuration and control functions of system 62.
【0132】
Asynchronous Formatting Method: With reference to FIGS. 24 to 30, one embodiment of the novel multimedia DASD formatting method shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 is shown in a flow chart format. The subscriber preferably communicates with the remote multimedia server 30 through a new set-top control system 62 of the type described above. In one aspect, step 300 provides subscribers to the new media-on-demand communication system with a menu of multimedia program selection, preferably selectable in a pay-per-view fashion. In this example, it is assumed that the customer is interested in choosing from various video programs such as feature films. At step 302, the subscriber preferably selects at least one multimedia program presented on the selection menu. Selecting one or more multimedia programs using the menu system is also commonly used, for example, in interacting with an infrared remote control handset 25, a known touch-sensitive screen interface, or a computer system. It can be achieved through a variety of known technologies, such as an and-click interface.
【0133】
At step 304, the subscriber preferably specifies the duration or capacity of the representation control window 90 associated with the selected multimedia program. Alternatively, the default designated representation control window 90 period may be selected. For example, a subscriber may choose 40 minutes as the expression control window 90 period, which is usually associated with a 2 to 3 hour feature film. In other multimedia programs, such as a 50-minute lecture previously recorded at a local university, the subscriber does not require the re-transmission of the already-transmitted part of the lecture, and thus the additions associated with the re-transmission part of the lecture To avoid costs, you may want to specify 50 minutes as the expression control window 90 period so that the entire lecture can be accessed forward or backward in time.
【0134】
The high-performance set-top control system 62 preferably executes a self-diagnosis routine in step 306 to determine its internal configuration. The configuration decision procedure is preferably performed dynamically during the power-up initialization sequence of the set-top control system 62. Alternatively, the configuration parameters may be stored in memory such as read-only memory (ROM), in which case the memory is preferably updated when the internal configuration of the set-top control system 62 is changed. .. Typical configuration parameters include input buffer size 66, nominal spindle motor 114 speed, and data storage disk and / or disk surface mounted on spindle motor 114 assigned to support representation control window 90 buffer. And the unique address of the set-top control system 62.
【0135】
After selecting one or more desired multimedia programs from the multimedia server menu, the set-top controller 64 performs various internal calculations, preferably in step 308, to open the customer-specified expression control window 90. Determine the nominal DASD68 storage capacity required to support. The predetermined time period (PTD) specified by the subscriber is shown as the variable Ut (unit: seconds) in step 308. According to the new asynchronous format guidelines and equations mentioned above, the nominal storage capacity (SC) is the subscriber's specified time period (Ut) and the storage capacity required to store each separate program segment 48 (S0). ) And can be derived from. For example, in a system that adopts the MPEG-1 coding standard, the average value of S0 is about 0.167 megabytes.
【0136】
At step 310, the set-top control system 62 preferably determines whether the DASD 68 can accommodate the size of the subscriber-specified expression control window 90. The nominal size of the subscriber-specified representation control window buffer 90 is compared with the available storage capacity of the DASD 68 that can be allocated to support the representation control window 90. If the DASD68 is not satisfied with sufficient storage capacity to accommodate the subscriber-specified expression control window 90 period, in step 312 an alarm signal is preferably signaled by the set-top control system 62 to the subscriber. , Designated expression control window Notifies that 90 periods cannot be accommodated. The alert message is preferably transmitted on a display device 76 connected to the set-top control system 62, requiring the subscriber to specify a shorter representation control window 90 period. The calculation of the maximum allottable representation control window 90 period is preferably performed by the set-top control system 62, and the result is preferably displayed on the display device 76 and communicated to the subscriber.
【0137】
At step 314, the representation control window 90 of the subscriber set-top control system 62, as well as the configuration parameters associated with the configuration and function, are communicated to the multimedia server 30. The multimedia server 30 preferably includes a server controller 34, which reads the configuration parameters received from the subscriber's set-top control system 62 in step 316. The parameters of the set-top control system 62 preferably include the number of disk faces (D) and available disk storage capacity (SC) allocated to support the representation control window 90 buffer, and the representation control window 90 buffer. Includes the time period (PTD), the size of the input buffer 66 (IBS), and the speed (NV) of the spindle motor 114. To determine if the DASD 68 can accommodate the subscriber-specified representation control window 90, the calculation performed by the set-top control system 62 in step 310 is instead received by the server controller 34. It may be executed based on the configuration parameters of the control system 62.
【0138】
As mentioned above, the selected multimedia program may be stored in the multimedia server 30 in either analog or digital format. The selected multimedia program stored in analog format is preferably digitized in step 318. Real-time broadcasts of multimedia programs transmitted through local, national or international network broadcast channels 45 are typically received in analog form by the multimedia server 30 and digitized in step 318. obtain. The digitized multimedia program is then segmented or divided into a series of sequentially ordered program segments 48, typically by coder 32 and / or indicator parser 33, in step 320. The unique address is also encoded in each individual program segment 48 by the index parser 33. Each program segment 48, which is sequentially included in the program segment column, preferably represents a predetermined period of the selected multimedia program. In one aspect, each program segment 48 represents a fixed period, eg, 1 second or 2 second portion of a multimedia program. Digitization and segmentation Operations steps 318 and 320 typically do not apply to multimedia programs that have been previously processed and stored in digital format on the multimedia server 30. These steps are preferably performed only once when the multimedia program is initially stored in the digital storage device 35 in the multimedia server 30.
【0139】
Referring to FIG. 25, in step 330, sequential program segments, including selected multimedia programs, are preferably arranged in a customized order. In one aspect, the multimedia server 30 includes a video parser 30 that preferably sequentially transforms program segments into customized program segment sequences. The customized program segment sequence preferably includes an initial non-sequential column portion followed by a sequential column portion. However, the customized sequence may be exclusively configured by the non-sequentially ordered program segments 48, or may be exclusively configured by the sequentially ordered program segments 48.
【0140】
The ordering of the customized program segment columns preferably depends on a number of unique parameters associated with the configuration of the subscriber's set-top control system 62. In response to the subscriber's configuration parameters, the controller 34 of the multimedia server 30 preferably in step 332 determines the number of segment blocks (M) per disk surface (D) and blocks from it. The indexing factor, BI = modulo (D × M), is derived. Further, the server control device 34 preferably determines the length (L) of each segment block (M) in step 334. The length (L) of the segment block (M) preferably corresponds to the number of rows in each customization matrix that makes up the segment block (M).
【0141】
At step 336, the server controller 34 preferably calculates the size of the program segment packet. This usually depends on the size (IBS) of the input buffer 66 of the subscriber's set-top control system 62. For example, the input buffer 66 of the set-top control system 62, which is directed to receive the program segment packets shown in FIG. 10, is preferably configured to store packets containing at least five program segments 48. .. As mentioned above, it is desirable that the input buffer 66 contain enough memory to store at least twice the number of program segments 48 contained in the maximum packet. Therefore, in this example, the input buffer 66 is preferably configured to store at least 10 program segments 48. In step 338, the duration of the transmission window in which each program segment packet is transmitted to the particular set-top control system 62 is preferably calculated by the server controller 34 as described above. In step 340, the program segment 48 previously arranged as a customized sequence is read from the video parser 38, temporarily arranged on the staging storage 41, preferably arranged in packets, and then distributed. It is transmitted by the switch 42 to the subscriber's set-top control system 62. Each packet is typically transmitted to communication channel 44 between each transmission window.
【0142】
With reference to FIGS. 10, 22 and 23, and 26 and 27, the steps in one embodiment for realizing the new asynchronous DASD68 formatting method are detailed. At step 350, the format parameters of the set-top control system 62 transmitted by the multimedia server 30 are received by the subscriber set-top control system 62. The format parameters are read by the set-top controller 64 and preferably loaded into memory connected to the set-top controller 64. The format parameters are preferably used by the set-top controller 64 to provide information for properly buffering and processing customized program segment packets received from communication channel 44. For example, the segment block (M) format parameters determined in step 332 are read by the set-top controller 64 and received from the multimedia server 30 on each disk surface of DASD68 (D). ) Adjust the writing and reading to the storage block of the corresponding number (M) of the predetermined length (L) defined above.
【0143】
In the illustrated example, each program segment 48 at the DASD68 disk storage location shown in the packet of FIG. 10 and shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 represents the 2-second full-motion video portion of the selected multimedia program. Assume. In addition, the input buffer 66 of the set-top control system 62 is configured to store at least five such program segments 48, where the program segment 48 has a block length of 5 on each side (D = 2) of a single disk 108. It is buffered in two blocks (M = 2) of (L = 5) and in a 40-second expression control window 90 (PTD = 40 seconds) formatted by Modulo 4. As shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, block A53 and block B55 shall be located on one surface of disk 108 and block C57 and block D59 shall be located on the other surface of disk 108. ..
【0144】
In step 351, 48 columns of customized program segments transmitted as packets from the multimedia server 30 via the communication channel 44 are received by the subscriber's set-top control system 62. Generally, one packet is received between the transmission windows of each multimedia server 30, but if the input buffer 66 is large enough, multiple packets may be transmitted during this time. The first five non-sequential program segments contained within the first packet, shown as packet 1 in FIG. 10, are transmitted and received as customized columns A1, A5, A2, A6, A3. These first five segments 48 are transferred to input buffer 66 in step 352. An important advantage of the new asynchronous formatting method is the simultaneous buffering of program segments 48 received from the multimedia server 30 to facilitate virtual instant on-demand viewing of selected multimedia programs, as described above. And related to display. As mentioned above, the customized program segment sequence usually includes an initial non-sequential portion followed by a sequential portion. Depending on the format configuration of the selected multimedia program, various non-sequential program segments 48 buffered in the input buffer 66 are simultaneously transmitted to the DASD 68 in step 354 and to the output buffer 72 in step 356, and in step 358. It is then decrypted and displayed. Here, in steps 356 and 358, it may be advantageous to transfer a large number of non-sequential program segments 48 received from communication channel 44 to transfer buffer 70 for synchronization before transferring to output buffer 72.
【0145】
Following steps 356 and 358, and as shown in run 1 of FIGS. 22 and 23, the non-sequential program segment A1 is transferred and stored in position 1 of block A53 of DASD68 in step 354 and simultaneously output buffered in step 356. Also transferred to 72. The set-top controller 64 then adjusts the transfer of A5 in step 354 so that the non-sequential program segment A5 is preferably stored at position 2 of DASD68. The set-top controller 64 then transfers the non-sequential program segment A2 to storage at position 6 of block B55 of DASD68 in step 354, and at the same time transfers it to output buffer 72 in step 356. Therefore, the output buffer 72 sequentially receives the program segments A1 and A2. In step 358, the first two sequential program segments A1 and A2 are decoded by the decoder 74 and transmitted to the local display device 76.
【0146】
Continuing the operation associated with run 1, the non-sequential program segment A6 is written to storage position 7 in block B55, and the last segment A3 in packet 1 is transferred to position 11 in block C57 of DASD68 in step 354. It is stored and at the same time transferred to the output buffer 72 in step 356. Now that only half of run 1 is completed and each of the five program segments contained in packet 1 is transferred to DASD68, packet 2 is received during the next transmission window and transferred to input buffer 66 in step 352. Will be done. As tested in step 364, in this example the DASD representation control window 90 is not filled until the completion of run 3. Packet 2 is shown in FIG. 10 to include program segments A7, A4, A8, A9, and A13, which are operated during run 1.5 across run 1. In step 354, the non-sequential program segment A7 is transferred and stored at position 12 of block C57 of DASD68, and subsequently in step 354, segment A4 is transferred and stored at position 16 of block D59 of DASD68, and at the same time. It is also transferred to the output buffer 72 in step 356. It will be appreciated that at the end of run 1, the first four program segments of the multimedia program, namely A1, A2, A3 and A4, were sequentially transferred to output buffer 76.
【0147】
As mentioned above, the process of simultaneously transferring the non-sequential program segment 48 to DASD68 in step 354 and to the output buffer 72 in step 356 is preferably such that the received program segment 48 corresponds to each segment block. Continue until transferred to the first storage location defined in. For example, as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, the program segment A1 is at position 1 of block A53, segment A2 is at position 6 of block B55, segment A3 is at position 11 of block C57, and segment A4 is at block D59. Transferred to position 16. The harmonious simultaneous transfer of program segment 48 to the DASD 68, output buffer 72, and decoder 74 provides a virtual instant representation of the selected multimedia program on the subscriber's television 76. The program segment 48 contained in the subsequently received packets 3 and 4 is transferred to the storage positions on the DASD 68 as indicated by travel 2 and travel 3, respectively, thereby displaying the storage positions of 20 in the expression control window 90. Fill. Upon receiving a given number of early non-sequential program segments 48 (20 in this example) and storing them in the representation control window 90 buffer on DASD68, this is tested in step 364 and the new put-in-place update procedure is next step. At 366, it is executed as described above.
【0148】
At step 360, the set-top controller 64 preferably monitors the status of the input buffer 66. Then, when the overflow state is imminent, in step 362, preferably, a control signal requesting the multimedia server 30 to temporarily stop the transmission of the program segment packet is transmitted. The overflow state of the input buffer 66 should generally not occur during the regular program viewing period. This is because the transmission and reception of program segment packets are synchronized by transferring the packets between the specified transmission windows. Various representation control window 90 functional modes, such as hibernation mode, typically generate transmission of hibernation control signals from the set-top control system 62 to the multimedia server 30. For example, the remaining program segment 48 contained in packet 1 and stored in input buffer 66 is forwarded to DASD 68 in step 354 during additional packet transmission outages to correct for disturbing overflow conditions. To.
【0149】
Further referring to FIGS. 26 and 27, an important advantage with the new asynchronous formatting method is the simultaneous writing or display of program segments 48 transferred to (and from) the multimedia DASD 68. After the initial sequential program segments such as segments A1, A2, A3 and A4 were displayed in steps 356 and 358, the new formatting method disclosed herein was buffered asynchronously to DASD68 in step 372. The program segment 48 is sequentially provided for reading as a program segment. The sequential program segment 48 read from the DASD 68 is transferred to the output buffer 72 in step 374, decoded by the decoder 74 in step 376, and subsequently transmitted to the local display device 76.
【0150】
The new in-place update procedure of step 366 will then be described with reference to FIGS. 10, 22, 23, and 28-30. Here, the representation control window 90 is filled after the completion of run 3, and the last sequential program segment A12 is read from position 18 during run 3 and displayed on the customer's television 74, and also in FIGS. 28-28. It is assumed that the operation shown in FIG. 30 is associated with a continuous run starting in run 4. Further, it is assumed that the packet 5 including the program segments A21, A22, A23 and A24 is received and transferred to the input buffer 66. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 28-30, the actuator 118 of the DASD 68 is preferably moved to the outer diameter spiral position (OSDL) 196 of the lower spiral track 110 of the data storage disk 108 in step 400. In step 402, the first lower block (M), with the lower transducer preferably spiraling inward.<sub>LN</sub>) Proceed to block A53. In step 404, the next newly received program segment A21 is written to the first lower block, i.e., a storage location within block A53 that includes the oldest program segment 48. This corresponds to segment A1 previously stored at position 1. The first lower block in step 406, i.e., the next sequential program segment 48 stored in block A53, which corresponds to program segment A13, is read from position 4, decoded in step 410, and previously read. Following the displayed program segment A12, it is displayed on the customer's television 76. The actuator 118 and the lower transducer 117 continue to traverse inward at step 408, preferably along the centerline of the bottom spiral data track 110.
【0151】
Other program segment storage block (M)<sub>LN + 1</sub>) Is provided on the underside of the disc, the overwrite 404, read 406, decryption and display 410 steps are repeated for the next lower block, for example block B55. After overwriting the previously stored program segment A2 at position 6 of block B55 with the newly received segment A22 and reading the next sequential segment A14 from position 9 of block B55, the actuator 118 and lower transducer 117 , Cross the bottom spiral track 110 until the inner diameter spiral position (ISDL) 198 is reached in step 412. At step 416, head switching is performed in ISDL198 and the upper transducer 116 is activated.
【0152】
Then, in step 422 of FIG. 29, the actuator 118 and the upper transducer 116 begin to traverse outward along the top spiral track 111, for example the first top program segment storage block (M), such as block C57.<sub>UN</sub>). In step 424, the next newly received program segment A23 is written to a storage location in block C57 that includes the oldest program segment 48. This corresponds to segment A3 previously stored at position 11. In step 426, the next sequential program segment 48 stored in block A53, which corresponds to program segment A15, is read from position 14, decoded in step 430, and previously read and displayed program segment A14. Followed by the customer's television 76. The actuator 118 and the upper transducer 116 continue to traverse outward in step 428, preferably along the centerline of the top spiral data track 111. Other program segment storage block (M)<sub>UN + 1</sub>) Is provided on the top surface of the disc, the overwrite 424, read 426, decryption and display 430 steps are repeated for the next upper block, for example block D59.
【0153】
After overwriting the previously stored program segment A4 at position 16 of block D59 with the newly received segment A24 and reading the next sequential segment A16 from position 19 of block D59, the actuator 118 and upper transducer 116 , Cross the top spiral track 111 until the outer diameter spiral position (OSDL) 196 is reached in step 432. At step 436, head switching is performed in OSDL196 and the lower transducer 117 is activated. Then, in step 438, a new in-place update procedure is repeated in subsequent runs. From the above, this update procedure writes a new program segment 48 to the expression control window 90 buffer, sequentially reads a previously stored program segment 48 from the expression control window 90 buffer, and previously stores it. It will be appreciated that it provides an override for program segment 48.
【0154】
Another mechanism of the new expression control window 90 is the provision of erasure of the content of the expression control window 90 associated with previously viewed pay-per-view multimedia programs. The erase procedure may also be performed in connection with the reconstruction procedure of the expression control window 90, which should be performed during the transmission of the multimedia program currently being viewed. In general, after viewing a multimedia program, the storage position that defines the expression control window 90 buffer includes the program segment data of the program that has already been viewed. Prior to receiving the program segment data of the subsequently ordered multimedia program, each storage position in the representation control window 90 was DC current or single to the transducer's write element while the transducer was moving over the storage position. It can be erased by giving a frequency signal.
【0155】
Alternatively, a selective erasure procedure may be employed, which erases the selected storage location, overwriting other locations with newly received program segments in connection with the newly ordered multimedia program. To. For example, assume that each of the 20 storage locations shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 contains a program segment of a previously viewed multimedia program. Further, it is assumed that packet 1 and packet 2 corresponding to the first two packets shown in FIG. 10 are received by the input buffer 66. Here, it is assumed that the input buffer 66 is configured to store at least 10 2-second compressed program segments 48. During run 1, segments A1 and A5 are first stored in position 1 and position 2 of block A53, respectively. In this example, location 3, location 4 and location 5 include program segments related to previously viewed multimedia programs. When positions 3, 4 and 5 approach the transducer's writing elements in a spiral, erase signals are preferably supplied to the transducer, erasing these storage positions rather than simply skipping them. This selective erasure procedure is preferably performed until the representation control window 90 buffer is filled by the program segment associated with the newly ordered multimedia program.
【0156】
With reference to FIG. 30, a new spiral / holding procedure is shown in flow chart format. At step 472, the set-top controller 64 preferably monitors the status of the output buffer 72. A new spiral / hold procedure is preferably executed at the start of the hibernate command by the subscriber in step 474, or when the output buffer 72 is in an imminent overflow state in step 476. First, in step 478, the position error offset ramp signal is interrupted. This signal is added to the constant position error signal and transmitted to the actuator / servo control to make the spiral track tracking function. Therefore, in step 480, only the constant position error signal is transmitted to the actuator servo control to keep the actuator and transducer in the concentric track tracking mode. The concentric track tracking mode is preferably continued until the overflow state of the output buffer 72 is corrected or the pause command initiated by the subscriber is terminated (step 482). The position error offset ramp signal is added to the constant position error signal in step 484 and transmitted to the actuator servo control to resume spiral track tracking. Then, in step 486, the transfer of the program segment to the output buffer 72 resumes, and in step 488, the regular operation continues.
【0157】
Of course, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various modifications and additions can be made to the above aspects without departing from the scope or gist of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific aspects described above, but is defined only by the scope of claims and the equivalent of the disclosed aspects.
【0158】
In summary, the following matters will be disclosed with respect to the constitution of the present invention.
【0159】
(1) A direct access storage device that buffers at least a portion of a multimedia program segmented into a custom-ordered source program segment string, where each source program segment represents a unique portion of the multimedia program. It has at least one data storage disk having a plurality of data storage areas arranged on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk, a spindle motor for rotating the at least one data storage disk, and an elongated arm. The actuator, the transducer arranged on each of the elongated arms, and the source program segment are adjusted to be written to the plurality of data storage areas, and the source program segments are sequentially ordered from the data storage area. A device, including a control device, that adjusts to read as a local program segment. (2) The at least one data storage disk includes an upper surface data storage area arranged on the upper surface of the disk and a lower surface data storage area arranged on the lower surface of the disk, and the control device controls the source program segment. It is adjusted to write to the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area, and the source program segment is adjusted to be read out as a local program segment sequentially ordered from the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area. , The apparatus according to (1) above. (3) The at least one data storage disk includes an upper surface data storage area arranged on the upper surface of the disk and a lower surface data storage area arranged on the lower surface of the disk, and the control device provides a predetermined number of sources. The program segments are adjusted to be written to the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area, and the predetermined number of source program segments are set as local program segments sequentially ordered from the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area. The device according to (1) above, which is adjusted to read. (4) The apparatus according to (3) above, wherein the predetermined number of source program segments is less than the number of source program segments that define the entire multimedia program. (5) The apparatus according to (3) above, wherein each of the predetermined number of source program segments is overwritten by the source program segment to be subsequently written by the look-ahead look-ahead method. (6) The above (1), wherein the control device adjusts to sequentially read the source program segment from the plurality of data storage areas in the forward direction or the reverse direction in response to the postponed or inverted expression control signal. Equipment. (7) The source program segment is arranged in a plurality of packets, and the control device adjusts so that the source program segment arranged in the plurality of continuous packets is alternately written in the plurality of data storage areas. (1) The device described. (8) A first spiral data track in which the at least one data storage disk is arranged on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk, and a second spiral data track arranged on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk. 2. The device according to (1) above, including a spiral data track. (9) The at least one data storage disk is arranged on either the data band, the inner diameter spiral position and the outer diameter spiral position defined in the data band, and the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk. The first spiral data track and the second spiral data track located on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk, and the said until one of the inner diameter spiral position and the outer diameter spiral position is reached. The actuator is adjusted to move along the first spiral data track, and the actuator is moved along the second spiral data track until it reaches either the inner diameter spiral position or the outer diameter spiral position, whichever is the other. The device according to (1) above, including the control device, which is adjusted to move. (10) The control device transfers at least one source program segment from the first transducer to the first spiral data during a single run of the actuator between the inner diameter spiral position and the outer diameter spiral position. At least one previously written source program by the first transducer during a single run of the actuator between the inner and outer spiral positions adjusted to write to the track. The device according to (9) above, which adjusts the segment to be read from the first spiral data track. (11) The apparatus according to (1) above, wherein the source program segment read / written to / from the data storage area is a compressed program segment. (12) A predetermined number of the source program segments are written to the plurality of the data storage areas, a representation control window buffer is defined, and the source program segments are equations. SC = D × M × L × S0, and PTD = D × M × L × T0 According to, it is formatted into the representation control window buffer, where SC is defined as the nominal storage capacity (megabytes) used to support the representation control window buffer, and D is to support the representation control window buffer. Is defined as the number of data storage disk faces used in, M is defined as the number of segment blocks per data storage disk face used to support the representation control window buffer, and L is the source program. Defined as the length of each segment block measured by the number of segments, S0 is defined as the average size (megabytes) of each source program segment, and PTD is defined as the duration (seconds) of the representation control window buffer. , T0 is the apparatus according to (1) above, defined as an extended full motion program time (seconds) corresponding to each of the source program segments described above. (13) The custom-ordered source program segment sequence includes sequentially and non-sequentially ordered program segments so that the controller writes the non-sequential source program segments to the plurality of data storage areas. The apparatus according to (1) above, wherein the non-sequential source program segment is adjusted to be read out from the data storage area as a sequentially ordered local program segment. (14) A direct access storage device that buffers at least a portion of a multimedia program segmented into a custom-ordered source program segment sequence, wherein each source program segment represents a unique portion of the multimedia program. In, at least one data storage disk having a plurality of data storage areas arranged on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk, a spindle motor for rotating the at least one data storage disk, and an elongated upper and lower actuator. An actuator having an arm, an upper transducer arranged on the upper actuator arm, a lower transducer arranged on the lower actuator arm, and the source program segment from the upper and lower transducers to the plurality of data storage areas. A device comprising, a control device means, which controls to transfer to, and controls to transfer the source program segment from the data storage area to the upper and lower transducers as sequentially ordered local program segments. (15) The at least one data storage disk includes an upper surface data storage area arranged on the upper surface of the disk and a lower surface data storage area arranged on the lower surface of the disk, and the control device means measures the source program segment. Is controlled to be transferred from the upper and lower transducers to the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area, respectively, and the source program segment is sequentially transferred from the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area to the upper transducer and the lower transducer, respectively. The device according to (14) above, comprising means for controlling the transfer as a locally ordered local program segment. (16) The at least one data storage disk includes an upper surface data storage area arranged on the upper surface of the disk and a lower surface data storage area arranged on the lower surface of the disk, and the control device means has a predetermined number of the above. The source program segments are controlled to be transferred from the upper and lower transducers to the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area, respectively, and the predetermined number of source program segments are transferred from the upper surface data storage area and the lower surface data storage area, respectively. And the apparatus according to (14) above, comprising means for adjusting to transfer to the lower transducer as sequentially ordered local program segments. (17) The apparatus according to (16) above, wherein each of the predetermined number of source program segments is overwritten by a source program segment to be subsequently transferred by a look-ahead look-ahead method. (18) In response to the postponed or inverted expression control signal, the control device sequentially reads the source program segment from the upper surface and lower surface data storage areas to the upper and lower transducers, respectively, in the forward direction or the reverse direction, respectively. The device according to (14) above, which includes means for controlling. (19) The source program segment is arranged in a plurality of packets, and the control device means transfers the source program segment arranged in the plurality of continuous packets from the upper and lower transducers to the upper surface and lower surface data storage areas, respectively. The device according to (14) above, which includes means for controlling the transfer to alternately. (20) A first spiral data track in which the at least one data storage disk is arranged on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk, and a first spiral data track arranged on either the lower surface of the disk or the upper surface of the disk. 2. The device according to (14) above, including a spiral data track. (21) The at least one data storage disk includes a data band, an inner diameter spiral position and an outer diameter spiral position defined in the data band, and a lower surface spiral data track arranged on the lower surface of the disk. Control the upper transducer to move along the top spiral data track until it reaches either the top spiral data track located on the top surface of the disk and either the inner diameter spiral position or the outer diameter spiral position. The control device means, which controls the lower transducer to move along the lower surface spiral data track, until it reaches either the inner diameter spiral position or the outer diameter spiral position, said (14). ) The device described. (22) During a single run between the inner diameter spiral position and the outer diameter spiral position, the control device means transfers at least one source program segment from one of the upper and lower transducers to the upper surface or the upper surface, respectively. Controlled to transfer to the lower surface spiral data track, during the single run between the inner diameter spiral position and the outer diameter spiral position, from either the upper surface or the lower surface spiral data track, the upper and lower sides, respectively. The device according to (21) above, comprising controlling means for controlling at least one previously transferred source program segment to be transferred to one of the transducers. (23) The custom-ordered source program segment sequence includes sequentially and non-sequentially ordered program segments, and the controller means transfers the non-sequential source program segments from the upper and lower transducers to the plurality of data. A means of controlling transfer to a storage area and controlling the non-sequential source program segment to be transferred from the data storage area to the upper and lower transducers as sequentially ordered local program segments. 14) The device described. (24) A method of transferring a source program segment, each representing a unique portion of a multimedia program, to and from a direct access storage device, on the surface of at least one data storage disk located within the direct access storage device. A step of providing a direct access storage device having a plurality of data storage areas defined in, a step of writing the source program segment to at least two data storage areas, and a step of writing the source program segment to the at least two data storage areas. A method that includes, from, and a step of reading as sequentially ordered local program segments. (25) The source program segment comprises a sequentially and non-sequentially ordered program segment, and the write step comprises writing the non-sequential source program segment to the at least two data storage areas. The method according to (24) above, wherein the read step includes a step of reading the non-sequential source program segment from the at least two data storage areas as sequentially ordered local program segments. (26) The method of (24) above, wherein the at least two data storage areas are defined along a spiral data track provided on the surface of the at least one data storage disk. (27) The method of (24) above, wherein the source program segments are arranged in packets and the write step comprises alternately writing the source program segments of a continuous packet into the at least two data storage areas. (28) The at least one data storage disk includes a data band, an inner diameter spiral position and an outer diameter spiral position defined in the data band, a lower surface of the disk including a lower surface data storage area, and an upper surface data storage area. A disk top surface comprising, and at least one source program segment written to the bottom surface data storage area and at least one previously written source program segment from the bottom surface data storage area in a write and read step. A read step, writing at least one other source program segment to the top surface data storage area, and reading at least another previously written source program segment from the top surface data storage area. The method according to (24) above, comprising the writing and reading steps.
[Simple explanation of drawings]
[Figure 1]
It is a block diagram of the conventional communication system which distributes a selected video program to a plurality of users.
[Figure 2]
It is a generalized block diagram of a new multimedia communication system that simultaneously distributes a multimedia program to a set-top control system of a plurality of subscribers, preferably on-demand and pay-per-view.
[Fig. 3]
A new multimedia that communicates a synchronous, asynchronous or synchronous / asynchronous combination source program segment sequence representing a selected multimedia program to a set-top control system with multiple subscribers, preferably on-demand, pay-per-view. -It is a generalized block diagram of the server.
[Fig. 4]
It is a generalized block diagram of the mass storage library part of a new multimedia server.
[Fig. 5]
It is a figure which shows the partial synchronous compression source program segment sequence which each individual program segment represents the predetermined time part of a multimedia program.
[Fig. 6]
FIG. 5 is a customized individual source program segment string including an asynchronous source program segment string portion and a subsequent synchronous source program segment column portion, and each individual source program segment shows a predetermined time portion of a multimedia program.
[Fig. 7]
FIG. 5 shows an initially synchronously ordered source program segment sequence representing a 2-hour multimedia program containing 7200 individual 1-second source program segments arranged in a 60 × 120 matrix.
[Fig. 8]
Two 10x360 2-hour multimedia programs containing 7200 individual 1-second source program segments arranged in a 20x360 customized matrix, each with 3600 asynchronously ordered individual 1-second source program segments. It is a figure which shows how it is composed of a submatrix or a block.
[Fig. 9]
A two-hour multimedia program containing 3600 individual 2-second source program segments arranged in a 20x180 customized matrix, each with 900 asynchronously ordered individual 2-second compressed source program segments, four 5x It is a figure which shows how it is composed of 180 submatrix or a block.
[Fig. 10]
It is a diagram showing an asynchronously ordered source video segment contained in the first 12-segment packet transmitted by a new multimedia server between continuous transmission windows.
[Fig. 11]
Communicate with a remote multimedia server to facilitate asynchronous formatting of source program segments received from the multimedia server in an preferably on-demand, pay-per-view fashion onto the multimedia DASD. It is a generalized block diagram of a new high-performance set-top control system adapted to do so.
[Fig. 12]
Diagram showing a new expression control window realized using a new advanced set-top control system to control part of a multimedia program expression in multiple expression modes, including postponed, inverted, and pause modes. Is.
[Fig. 13]
Set-top control adapted to buffer a given number of individual source program segments representing at least a portion of a multimedia program and provide full local VCR type control of the buffered portion of the selected multimedia program. It is a figure which shows the new multimedia direct access storage device of a system.
[Fig. 14]
FIG. 5 is a side view of a new multimedia direct access storage device in a set-top control system containing multiple data storage disks adapted to buffer individual source program segments representing at least a portion of a multimedia program.
[Fig. 15]
FIG. 5 illustrates a novel data storage architecture that buffers synchronously and asynchronously ordered individual source program segments onto an outwardly spiraling data track located on top of a data storage disk.
[Fig. 16]
FIG. 5 illustrates a novel data storage architecture that buffers synchronously and asynchronously ordered individual source program segments onto an inwardly spiraling data track located on the underside of a data storage disk.
[Fig. 17]
The first 20 asynchronously ordered sources, where each individual source program segment represents a 1-second time portion of a multimedia program and defines a 20-second representation control window buffer distributed across the bottom and top of the data storage disc. It is a figure which shows the program segment.
[Fig. 18]
A new read / write individual source program segment at 20 data storage positions that define a 20-second representation control window located on the bottom and top of a data storage disc, and 10 storage positions placed on each of the bottom and top of the disc. It is a figure which shows the method of.
[Fig. 19]
A new read / write individual source program segment at 20 data storage positions that define a 20-second representation control window located on the bottom and top of a data storage disc, and 10 storage positions placed on each of the bottom and top of the disc. It is a figure which shows the method of.
[Fig. 20]
The bottom surface of the data storage disk is overlaid along the top surface side of the data storage disk, and according to the new formatting method, 10 data storage positions arranged on the bottom surface and the top surface of the disk, respectively, are 20 seconds at any time. It is a figure which shows the state of buffering 20 individual source program segments which make up an expression control window buffer.
[Fig. 21]
The bottom surface of the data storage disk is overlaid along the top surface side of the data storage disk, and according to the new formatting method, 10 data storage positions arranged on the bottom surface and the top surface of the disk, respectively, are 20 seconds at any time. It is a figure which shows the state of buffering 20 individual source program segments which make up an expression control window buffer.
[Fig. 22]
40 data storage positions that define the 40-second representation control window located on the bottom and top of the data storage disk, and 10 storage positions organized into two segment blocks located on each of the bottom and top surfaces of the disk. , Is a diagram showing a new method of reading and writing individual source program segments.
[Fig. 23]
40 data storage positions that define the 40-second representation control window located on the bottom and top of the data storage disk, and 10 storage positions organized into two segment blocks located on each of the bottom and top surfaces of the disk. , Is a diagram showing a new method of reading and writing individual source program segments.
[Fig. 24]
Provide on-demand transmission of source program segments representing multimedia programs according to configuration parameters related to the configuration of the representation control window buffer provided on the new multimedia direct access storage of the subscriber's set-top control system. It is a diagram showing a flowchart of general processing steps executed by a new multimedia server when communicating with a subscriber's set-top control system.
[Fig. 25]
Provide on-demand transmission of source program segments representing multimedia programs according to configuration parameters related to the configuration of the representation control window buffer provided on the new multimedia direct access storage of the subscriber's set-top control system. It is a diagram showing a flowchart of general processing steps executed by a new multimedia server when communicating with a subscriber's set-top control system.
[Fig. 26]
Remote to receive on-demand transmission of the source program segment representing the selected multimedia program according to the configuration parameters associated with the configuration of the representation control window buffer provided on the new multimedia direct access storage of the set-top control system. FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of common processing steps performed by a new high-performance set-top control system when communicating with a multimedia server.
[Fig. 27]
Remote to receive on-demand transmission of the source program segment representing the selected multimedia program according to the configuration parameters associated with the configuration of the representation control window buffer provided on the new multimedia direct access storage of the set-top control system. FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of common processing steps performed by a new high-performance set-top control system when communicating with a multimedia server.
[Fig. 28]
When writing a custom-ordered individual source program segment sequence representing a portion of a selected multimedia program into the representation control window buffer provided on the new multimedia direct access storage, and when writing the individual source program segment from the direct access storage. It is a diagram showing a flowchart of general processing steps executed by a new high-performance set-top control system when reading as a sequential individual local program segment sequence according to a new put-in-place update format method.
[Fig. 29]
When writing a custom-ordered individual source program segment sequence representing a portion of a selected multimedia program into the representation control window buffer provided on the new multimedia direct access storage, and when writing the individual source program segment from the direct access storage. It is a diagram showing a flowchart of general processing steps executed by a new high-performance set-top control system when reading as a sequential individual local program segment sequence according to a new put-in-place update format method.
[Fig. 30]
FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of common processing steps associated with performing a spiral / hold operation in a new multimedia direct access storage device.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Central server 14 Telephone ordering system 16 PSTN 18 telephone line 20 users 22 Decoder box 30 Central multimedia server 32 coder 33 Indicator parser 34 Control unit 35 Digital storage device 36 Billing system 37 DRAM storage device 38 Video Parser 39 Analog storage 41 Staging storage 42 distribution switch 44 communication channel 46 Sequential segment column 48 Multimedia programming segment 50, 52, 53, 55, 57, 59 Submatrix (block) 51 Customize Matrix 54 Custom Order Segment Column 64 Set-top controller 66 Input buffer 67 DASD controller 68 Direct access storage 72 Output buffer 75 data channels 76 television 78 Server control line 90 Virtual memory representation device 91 Reverse window part 93 Forward window part 95 Current display time standard 105 Disc outer edge 107 Inner edge of disk 108 Data storage disk 110, 111 Spiral data track 112 Actuator arm 114 Spindle motor 116 Transducer / Slider Assembly 117 Load / Unload Lamp 118 Actuator 120 permanent magnet structure 122 Actuator shaft 123 coil assembly 124 circuit card 196 Outer Diameter Spiral Position (OSDL) 198 Inner Diameter Spiral Position (ISDL) 200 disk center axis
31 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000059440A | Cited by | Japan | Examiner |
8 members in 3 offices
Priority claims5
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 47832895 | United States of America | A | |
| 47832895 | United States of America | A | |
| 478328 | – | – | – |
| 478328 | United States of America | – | – |
| US19950478328 | – | – | – |
Members8
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP0748121A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| JPH099208AThis record | Japan | A | |
| US5751883A | United States of America | A | |
| US6208804B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| JP3184763B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US2001041062A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6529685B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP0748121A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 9-9208
- Publication, DOCDB
- H099208
- Publication, EPODOC
- JPH099208
- Application
- 8133240
- Application, DOCDB
- 13324096
- Application, EPODOC
- JP19960133240
Titles2
- Japanese
- 【発明の名称】マルチメディア直接アクセス記憶装置及びフォーマット方法
- English
- Description: Multimedia direct access storage device and formatting method.
Classification
- CPC, 25
- H04N7/24
- G11B20/1217
- G11B27/034
- G11B27/105
- G11B2020/1062
- G11B2220/41
- G11B2220/415
- H04N5/781
- H04N5/783
- H04N7/17318
- H04N7/17336
- H04N21/21
- H04N21/2225
- H04N21/23
- H04N21/42646
- H04N21/4312
- H04N21/4314
- H04N21/432
- H04N21/4325
- H04N21/4331
- H04N21/4334
- H04N21/443
- H04N21/47202
- H04N21/8456
- Y10T70/476
- IPC, 21
- G06F3 06
- G11B20 12
- G11B27 034
- G11B27 10
- H04N5 765
- H04N5 781
- H04N5 92
- H04N5 93
- G06F13 10
- H04N7 173
- H04N7 24
- H04N21 21
- H04N21 2225
- H04N21 23
- H04N21 426
- H04N21 431
- H04N21 432
- H04N21 433
- H04N21 443
- H04N21 472
- H04N21 845